Income Taxes

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

We manage our affairs so that we are centrally managed and controlled in the United Kingdom (“U.K.”) and therefore have our tax residency in the U.K. The provision for income taxes consists of provisions for the U.K. and international income taxes. We operate in an international environment with operations in various locations outside the U.K. Accordingly, the consolidated income tax rate is a composite rate reflecting the earnings in the various locations and the applicable rates.

The effective income tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was 14.6%, compared to 14.8% for the six months ended June 30, 2023. We continue to actively pursue initiatives to reduce our effective tax rate. The tax rate in any quarter can be affected positively or negatively by the mix of global earnings or adjustments that are required to be reported in the specific quarter of resolution.

The total gross liability for uncertain tax positions was $37.3 million and $38.6 million at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. We record penalties and interest related to unrecognized tax benefits in Provision for income taxes and Net interest expense, respectively, on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income, which is consistent with our past practices.

The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Pillar Two Model Rules (“Pillar Two”) for a global 15.0% minimum tax are in the process of being adopted by a number of jurisdictions in which we operate. In particular, the U.K. completed passage of legislation to comply with the Pillar Two framework which became effective on January 1, 2024. For the six months ended June 30, 2024, the impact of Pillar Two on our condensed consolidated financial statements was not material.