Derivatives and Financial Instruments

Derivative financial instruments

We are exposed to market risk related to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. To manage the volatility related to this exposure, we periodically enter into a variety of derivative financial instruments. Our objective is to reduce, where it is deemed appropriate to do so, fluctuations in earnings and cash flows associated with changes in foreign currency rates. The derivative contracts contain credit risk to the extent that our bank counterparties may be unable to meet the terms of the agreements. The amount of such credit risk is generally limited to the unrealized gains, if any, in such contracts. Such risk is minimized by limiting those counterparties to major financial institutions of high credit quality.

Foreign currency contracts

We conduct business in various locations throughout the world and are subject to market risk due to changes in the value of foreign currencies in relation to our reporting currency, the U.S. dollar. We manage our economic and transaction exposure to certain market-based risks through the use of foreign currency derivative financial instruments. Our objective in holding these derivatives is to reduce the volatility of net earnings and cash flows associated with changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The majority of our foreign currency contracts have an original maturity date of less than one year. The derivative contracts contain credit risk to the extent that our bank counterparties may be unable to meet the terms of the agreements. The amount of such credit risk is generally limited to the unrealized gains, if any, in such contracts. Such risk is minimized by limiting those counterparties to major financial institutions of high credit quality.

At December 31, 2017 and 2016, we had outstanding foreign currency derivative contracts with gross notional U.S. dollar equivalent amounts of $481.4 million and $475.6 million, respectively. The impact of these contracts on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) was not material for any period presented.

Gains or losses on foreign currency contracts designated as hedges are reclassified out of AOCI and into Selling, general and administrative expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) when the hedged item affects earnings. Such reclassifications during 2017, 2016 and 2015 were not material.

Net investment hedge

We have net investments in foreign subsidiaries that are subject to changes in the foreign currency exchange rate. In September 2015, we designated the €500 million 2.45% Senior Notes due 2019 (the "2019 Euro Notes") as a net investment hedge for a portion of our net investment in our Euro denominated subsidiaries. The gains/losses on the 2019 Euro Notes have been included as a component of the cumulative translation adjustment account within AOCI. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, we had a deferred foreign currency loss of $29.6 million and a gain of $44.2 million, respectively, in AOCI associated with the net investment hedge activity.

Fair value measurements

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified using the following hierarchy, which is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation as of the measurement date:



Level 1:		Valuation is based on observable inputs such as quoted market prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2:		Valuation is based on inputs such as quoted market prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets or other inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.

Level 3:		Valuation is based upon other unobservable inputs that are significant to the fair value measurement.

In making fair value measurements, observable market data must be used when available. When inputs used to measure fair value fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the level within which the fair value measurement is categorized is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Fair value of financial instruments

The following methods were used to estimate the fair values of each class of financial instrument:


•	short-term financial instruments (cash and cash equivalents, accounts and notes receivable, accounts and notes payable and variable-rate debt) — recorded amount approximates fair value because of the short maturity period;


•	long-term fixed-rate debt, including current maturities — fair value is based on market quotes available for issuance of debt with similar terms, which are inputs that are classified as Level 2 in the valuation hierarchy defined by the accounting guidance;


•	foreign currency contract agreements — fair values are determined through the use of models that consider various assumptions, including time value, yield curves, as well as other relevant economic measures, which are inputs that are classified as Level 2 in the valuation hierarchy defined by the accounting guidance; and

•

deferred compensation plan assets (mutual funds, common/collective trusts and cash equivalents for payment of certain non-qualified benefits for retired, terminated and active employees) — fair value of mutual funds and cash equivalents are based on quoted market prices in active markets that are classified as Level 1 in the valuation hierarchy defined by the accounting guidance; fair value of common/collective trusts are based on observable inputs that are classified as Level 2 in the valuation hierarchy defined by the accounting guidance.

The recorded amounts and estimated fair values of total debt, excluding unamortized issuance costs and discounts, at December 31 were as follows:



	2017				2016
In millions	Recorded Amount		Fair Value		Recorded Amount		Fair Value
Variable rate debt	$	62.4	$	62.4	$	976.3	$	976.3
Fixed rate debt	1,385.1		1,424.0		3,320.7		3,427.1
Total debt	$	1,447.5	$	1,486.4	$	4,297.0	$	4,403.4

Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis were as follows:



Recurring fair value measurements	December 31, 2017
In millions	Level 1		Level 2			Level 3		Total
Foreign currency contract assets	$	—	$	0.6		$	—	$	0.6
Foreign currency contract liabilities	—		(47.2		)	—		(47.2		)
Deferred compensation plan assets	42.8		6.6			—		49.4
Total recurring fair value measurements	$	42.8	$	(40.0	)	$	—	$	2.8
Nonrecurring fair value measurements ⁽¹⁾



Recurring fair value measurements	December 31, 2016
In millions	Level 1		Level 2			Level 3		Total
Foreign currency contract assets	$	—	$	5.5		$	—	$	5.5
Foreign currency contract liabilities	—		(5.4		)	—		(5.4		)
Deferred compensation plan assets	41.6		6.3			—		47.9
Total recurring fair value measurements	$	41.6	$	6.4		$	—	$	48.0
Nonrecurring fair value measurements ⁽¹⁾

(1)

During the fourth quarter of 2017, we completed our annual intangible assets impairment review. As a result, we recorded a pre-tax non-cash impairment charge of $25.2 million for trade name intangibles in 2017. The impairment charge reduced the total carrying value of the impacted trade name intangibles to $27.0 million. During the fourth quarter of 2016, we completed our annual intangible assets impairment review. As a result, we recorded a pre-tax non-cash impairment charge of $13.3 million for a trade name intangible in 2016. The impairment charge reduced the carrying value of the impacted trade name intangible to zero. The fair value of trade names is measured using the relief-from-royalty method. This method assumes the trade name has value to the extent that the owner is relieved of the obligation to pay royalties for the benefits received from them. This method requires us to estimate the future revenue for the related brands, the appropriate royalty rate and the weighted average cost of capital.