exv5w1

Exhibit 5.1

[Letterhead of Holme Roberts & Owen LLP]

October 30, 2008

Re: M.D.C. Holdings, Inc.

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We have acted as counsel to M.D.C. Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), in connection with the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (the “Registration Statement”) filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), on or about October 30, 2008. The prospectus (the “Prospectus”) that forms part of the Registration Statement provides that it will be supplemented in the future by one or more prospectus supplements (each, a “Prospectus Supplement”). The Registration Statement, including the Prospectus as supplemented from time to time by one or more Prospectus Supplements, covers the offering and issuance from time to time by the Company of up to $1,000,000,000 aggregate offering price of the following:

	•		shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, of the Company (the “Common Stock”);

	•		shares of preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share, of the Company (the “Preferred Stock”);

	•		senior debt securities, in one or more series (the “Senior Debt Securities”), which may be issued pursuant to an indenture to be dated on or about the date of the first issuance of Senior Debt Securities thereunder, by and between a trustee to be selected by the Company (the “Trustee”) and the Company, in the form filed as Exhibit 4.1(a) to the Registration Statement (the “Senior Indenture”);

	•		subordinated debt securities, in one or more series (the “Subordinated Debt Securities”), which may be issued pursuant to an indenture to be dated on or about the date of the first issuance of Subordinated Debt Securities thereunder, by and between the Trustee and the Company, in

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			the form filed as Exhibit 4.1(b) to the Registration Statement (the “Subordinated Indenture”);

	•		junior subordinated debt securities, in one or more series (the “Junior Subordinated Debt Securities” and, together with the Senior Debt Securities and the Subordinated Debt Securities, the “Debt Securities”), which may be issued pursuant to an indenture to be dated on or about the date of the first issuance of Junior Subordinated Debt Securities thereunder, by and between the Trustee and the Company, in the form filed as Exhibit 4.1(c) to the Registration Statement (the “Junior Subordinated Indenture”);

	•		up to an aggregate amount of $500,000,000 of medium term notes under the Company’s medium term note program (the “Medium Term Notes”), which may consist of Senior Medium Term Notes (the “Senior Medium Term Notes”), which will be issued pursuant to the Indenture filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Registration Statement, as supplemented by the Supplemental Indenture filed as Exhibit 4.4 to the Registration Statement, as further amended by the Amendments filed as Exhibits 4.5 and 4.6 to the Registration Statement (as it may be further supplemented and/or amended, the “Senior MTN Indenture”), and subordinated Medium Term Notes (the “Subordinated Medium Term Notes”), which will be issued pursuant to the Subordinated Indenture filed as Exhibit 4.3 to the Registration Statement, as supplemented by the Supplemental Indenture filed as Exhibit 4.4 to the Registration Statement, as further amended by the Amendments filed as Exhibits 4.5 and 4.6 to the Registration Statement (as it may be further supplemented and/or amended, the “Subordinated MTN Indenture”); and

	•		guarantees (the “Guarantees”) by some or all of the co-registrants named in the Registration Statement (each co-registrant that guarantees Senior Medium Term Notes or Senior Debt Securities, as applicable, (a “Guarantor” and collectively the “Guarantors”) of the Senior Medium Term Notes and those Senior Debt Securities that pursuant to their

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terms are guaranteed by the Guarantors (the “Guaranteed Senior Debt Securities”).

The Common Stock, the Preferred Stock, the Debt Securities, the Medium Term Notes and the Guarantees are collectively referred to herein as the “Securities.” The Securities are being registered for offering and sale from time to time pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act.

All capitalized terms that are not defined herein shall have the meanings assigned to them in the Registration Statement.

In connection with this opinion, we have examined the following documents:

(a) the Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, as amended to date, certified as of a recent date by an officer of the Company;

(b) the Bylaws of the Company, as amended to date, certified as of a recent date by an officer of the Company;

(c) the Certificate or Articles of Incorporation, Certificate or Articles of Organization, Bylaws, Operating Agreements and Partnership Agreements, as applicable, of the Guarantors, as set forth on Exhibit A hereto, certified as of a recent date by an officer of the Guarantors (or, in two instances, the general partner of the Guarantor) (the “Guarantor Documents”);

(d) the form of Senior Indenture filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement;

(e) the form of Subordinated Indenture filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement;

(f) the form of Junior Subordinated Indenture filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement;

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(g) the Senior MTN Indenture filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement;

(h) the Subordinated MTN Indenture filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement;

(i) the Distribution Agreement, dated October 6, 2004, among the Company, certain of its subsidiaries and the agents named therein, as amended by Amendment No. 1 to Distribution Agreement, dated as of July 20, 2005, among the parties thereto;

(j) resolutions adopted by the Board of Directors or a duly authorized committee thereof (the “Board”) of the Company relating to the Registration Statement and authorizing the issuance and sale of the Medium Term Notes, certified as of a recent date by an officer of the Company; and

(k) resolutions adopted by the boards of Directors or other governing bodies of each of the Guarantors (the “Guarantor Boards”) authorizing the Guarantee to be entered into in connection with the Senior Medium Term Notes or Guaranteed Senior Debt Securities, as applicable, certified as of a recent date by an officer of the Guarantors (or, in two instances, the general partner of the Guarantor).

In addition, we have examined and relied upon the originals or copies of such other documents, corporate records and other writings that we consider relevant for purposes of this opinion. As to certain factual matters, we have relied upon certificates of the officers of the Company and Guarantors or on certificates or other documents from public officials in certain jurisdictions and have not independently sought to verify such matters.

In rendering this opinion, we have assumed the genuineness and authenticity of all signatures on original documents; the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals; the conformity to originals of all documents submitted to us as copies; the accuracy, completeness and authenticity of certificates of officers of the Company and Guarantors and of

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certificates and other documents from public officials; and the due authorization, execution and delivery of all documents where authorization, execution and delivery are prerequisites to the effectiveness of such documents.

With respect to our opinion as to the Common Stock, we have assumed that, at the time of issuance, sale and delivery, a sufficient number of shares of Common Stock are authorized and available for issuance and that the consideration for the issuance and sale of the Common Stock, and with respect to shares of Common Stock issuable upon the conversion of Preferred Stock or Debt Securities, the consideration for the issuance and sale of such Preferred Stock or Debt Securities convertible into Common Stock, is in an amount that is not less than the par value of the Common Stock.

With respect to our opinion as to the Preferred Stock, we have assumed that, at the time of issuance, sale and delivery, a sufficient number of shares of Preferred Stock are authorized, designated and available for issuance and that the consideration for the issuance and sale of the Preferred Stock, and with respect to shares of Preferred Stock issuable upon the conversion of Debt Securities, the consideration for the issuance and sale of such Debt Securities convertible into Preferred Stock, is in an amount that is not less than the par value of the Preferred Stock.

With respect to our opinions as to the Debt Securities, we have assumed that the Debt Securities will be issued pursuant to a Senior Indenture, Subordinated Indenture or Junior Subordinated Indenture, as applicable, substantially in the form filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement.

With respect to our opinion as to the Medium Term Notes, we have assumed that the Medium Term Notes will be issued pursuant to the Senior MTN Indenture or the Subordinated MTN Indenture, as applicable.

We have assumed that (i) with respect to Common Stock being issued upon conversion of any convertible preferred stock other than the Preferred Stock offered pursuant to the Registration Statement, the applicable convertible preferred stock will be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and

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nonassessable; and (ii) with respect to any Common Stock or Preferred Stock being issued upon conversion of any convertible debt securities other than the Medium Term Notes or Debt Securities offered pursuant to the Registration Statement, the applicable convertible debt securities will be valid and legally binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms.

We have assumed that upon issuance, sale and delivery of the Debt Securities or Medium Term Notes, the amount of Debt Securities, as applicable, outstanding will not exceed the amount authorized by the Board and, in the case of Senior Medium Term Notes and Guaranteed Senior Debt Securities, the Guarantor Boards. We have also assumed that the Senior MTN Indenture and the Subordinated MTN Indenture (i) have been duly authorized by the applicable trustee by all necessary corporate action in accordance with its charter, bylaws and other governing documents and applicable law and such corporate action has not been modified or rescinded, (ii) have been duly executed and delivered by the applicable trustee, and (iii) constitute the legal, valid and binding obligations of the applicable trustee, enforceable against the trustee in accordance with their respective terms.

On the basis of the foregoing and in reliance thereon, and subject to the assumptions, limitations and qualifications set forth herein, we are of the opinion that (subject to compliance with the pertinent provisions of the Securities Act and, with respect to the Senior Indenture, the Subordinated Indenture, the Junior Subordinated Indenture, the Senior MTN Indenture, the Subordinated MTN Indenture, the Debt Securities and the Medium Term Notes, the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, and to compliance with such securities or “blue sky” laws of any jurisdiction as may be applicable, as to which we express no opinion):

1. With respect to the Common Stock offered under the Registration Statement, provided that at the time of issuance, sale and delivery of the Common Stock (i) the Registration Statement and any required post-effective amendment thereto have all become effective under the Securities Act and no stop order has been issued by the SEC relating to the Registration

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Statement, and the Prospectus and any and all Prospectus Supplement(s) required by applicable laws, rules and regulations have been delivered and filed in compliance with and as required by such laws, rules and regulations; (ii) the Board of the Company has duly adopted in accordance with the Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws (as such terms are defined below) and the DGCL (as defined below) final resolutions authorizing the terms of and the issuance and sale of the Common Stock as contemplated by the Registration Statement and such resolutions have not been modified or rescinded; (iii) the terms of the shares of Common Stock and the issuance and sale of the Common Stock do not violate any applicable law, are in conformity with the Company’s then operative Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Certificate of Incorporation”) and Bylaws (the “Bylaws”), do not result in a default under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding upon the Company and comply with any applicable requirement or restriction imposed by any court or governmental body having jurisdiction over the Company; (iv) the Common Stock has been issued as provided in the resolutions of the Board of the Company described in clause (ii) above, (v) the certificates, if any, for the Common Stock have been duly executed by the Company and countersigned by the transfer agent therefor, and (vi) the shares of Common Stock (including any certificates therefor) have been duly delivered to the purchasers thereof against payment of the agreed consideration therefor as described in the Registration Statement and in accordance with the terms of any purchase, underwriting or similar agreement, if any, then the Common Stock, when issued and sold as contemplated in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the related Prospectus Supplement(s) and in accordance with any applicable duly authorized, executed and delivered purchase, underwriting or similar agreement, or upon conversion of any convertible Preferred Stock or convertible Debt Securities in accordance with their terms, will be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.

2. With respect to the Preferred Stock offered under the Registration Statement, provided that at the time of issuance, sale and delivery of the Preferred Stock (i) the Registration Statement and any required post-effective amendment thereto have all become effective under the Securities Act and no stop order has been issued by the SEC relating to the Registration

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Statement, and the Prospectus and any and all Prospectus Supplement(s) required by applicable laws, rules and regulations have been delivered and filed in compliance with and as required by such laws, rules and regulations; (ii) the Board of the Company has duly adopted in accordance with the Certificate of Incorporation, the Bylaws and the DGCL final resolutions authorizing the terms of and the issuance and sale of the Preferred Stock as contemplated by the Registration Statement and such resolutions have not been modified or rescinded; (iii) the terms of the shares of Preferred Stock and the issuance and sale of the Preferred Stock do not violate any applicable law, are in conformity with the Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws, do not result in a default under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding upon the Company and comply with any applicable requirement or restriction imposed by any court or governmental body having jurisdiction over the Company; (iv) the Preferred Stock has been issued as provided in the resolutions of the Board of the Company described in clause (ii) above; (v) the certificates, if any, for the Preferred Stock have been duly executed by the Company and countersigned by the transfer agent therefor, and (vi) the shares of Preferred Stock (including any certificates therefor) have been duly delivered to the purchasers thereof against payment of the agreed consideration therefor as described in the Registration Statement and in accordance with the terms of any purchase, underwriting or similar agreement, if any, then the Preferred Stock, when issued and sold as contemplated in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the related Prospectus Supplement(s) and in accordance with any applicable duly authorized, executed and delivered purchase, underwriting or similar agreement, or upon conversion of any convertible Debt Securities in accordance with their terms, will be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.

3. With respect to any series of the Debt Securities issued under the Senior Indenture, the Subordinated Indenture or the Junior Subordinated Indenture, as applicable, and offered under the Registration Statement, provided that at the time of issuance, sale and delivery of each series of the Debt Securities (i) the Registration Statement and any required post-effective amendment thereto have all become effective under the Securities Act and no stop order has been issued by the SEC relating to the Registration Statement,

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and the Prospectus and any and all Prospectus Supplement(s) required by applicable laws, rules and regulations have been delivered and filed in compliance with and as required by such laws, rules and regulations; (ii) the Board of the Company has duly adopted in accordance with the Certificate of Incorporation, the Bylaws and the DGCL final resolutions authorizing the execution, delivery and performance of the Senior Indenture, the Subordinated Indenture or the Junior Subordinated Indenture, as applicable, and the terms of and the issuance and sale of the Debt Securities and such resolutions have not been modified or rescinded; (iii) in the case of the Guaranteed Senior Debt Securities, the Guarantor Boards have duly adopted in accordance with the respective Guarantor Documents and applicable state law final resolutions authorizing the execution, delivery and performance of the Guarantees and such resolutions have not been modified or rescinded; (iv) the Senior Indenture, the Subordinated Indenture or the Junior Subordinated Indenture, as applicable, has been duly authorized by the applicable Trustee by all necessary corporate action in accordance with its charter, bylaws and other governing documents and applicable law and such corporate action has not been modified or rescinded; (v) the Senior Indenture, the Subordinated Indenture or the Junior Subordinated Indenture, as applicable, in substantially the form filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement, has been duly executed and delivered by the Company and the Trustee and, if applicable, the Guarantors, and has not been modified and such Senior Indenture, Subordinated Indenture or Junior Subordinated Indenture, as applicable, constitutes the legal, valid and binding obligation of the parties thereto (other than the Company and the Guarantors); (vi) the terms of the Debt Securities and of their issuance and sale have been duly established in conformity with the Senior Indenture, the Subordinated Indenture or the Junior Subordinated Indenture, as applicable, so as not to violate any applicable law or result in a default under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding upon the Company and, if applicable, the Guarantors, so as to be in conformity with the Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws and, if applicable, the Guarantor Documents, and so as to comply with any requirement or restriction imposed by any court or governmental body having jurisdiction over the Company and, if applicable, the Guarantors; (vii) the Senior Indenture, the Subordinated Indenture or the Junior Subordinated Indenture, as applicable, relating to such Debt Securities has been qualified

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under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended; and (viii) the Debt Securities have been duly executed and delivered by the Company and, in the case of Guaranteed Senior Debt Securities, the Guarantors, and authenticated by the Trustee pursuant to the Senior Indenture, the Subordinated Indenture or the Junior Subordinated Indenture, as applicable, and as provided in the resolutions of the Board of the Company described in clause (ii) above and, if applicable, the resolutions of the Guarantor Boards described in clause (iii) above, and delivered against payment of the agreed consideration therefor as described in the Registration Statement and in accordance with the terms of the applicable purchase, underwriting or similar agreement, then the Debt Securities, when issued and sold in accordance with the Senior Indenture, the Subordinated Indenture or the Junior Subordinated Indenture, as applicable, and a duly authorized, executed and delivered purchase, underwriting or similar agreement, will be valid and legally binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms, and, in the case of the Guaranteed Senior Debt Securities, the Guarantees will be valid and legally binding obligations of the Guarantors enforceable against the Guarantors in accordance with their terms, subject in each case to the effect of any bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, arrangement, or similar laws affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally (including, without limitation, the effect of statutory or other laws regarding fraudulent transfers or conveyances or preferential transfers or conveyances) and general principles of equity, regardless of whether enforceability is considered in a proceeding in equity or at law.

4. With respect to any series of the Senior Medium Term Notes issued under the Senior MTN Indenture and offered under the Registration Statement, provided that at the time of issuance, sale and delivery of each series of the Senior Medium Term Notes (i) the Registration Statement and any required post-effective amendments thereto have all become effective under the Securities Act and no stop order has been issued by the SEC relating to the Registration Statement, and the Prospectus and any and all Prospectus Supplement(s) required by applicable laws, rules and regulations have been delivered and filed in compliance with and as required by such laws, rules and regulations; and (ii) the terms of the Senior Medium Term Notes have been

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established in conformity with the Senior MTN Indenture so as not to violate any applicable law or result in a default under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding upon the Company or any Guarantor, so as to be in conformity with the Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws and the Guarantor Documents, and so as to comply with any requirement or restriction imposed by any court or governmental body having jurisdiction over the Company or the Guarantors, and the Senior Medium Term Notes have been duly completed, executed, authenticated and delivered in accordance with the provisions of the Senior MTN Indenture, the resolutions of the Board and the resolutions of the Guarantor Boards with respect to the issuance and sale of the Senior Medium Term Notes and the Distribution Agreement, against payment of the agreed consideration therefor, the Senior Medium Term Senior Notes will constitute legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company and the applicable Guarantees will constitute legal, valid and binding obligations of the Guarantors, subject in each case to the effect of any bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, arrangement, or similar laws affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally (including, without limitation, the effect of statutory or other laws regarding fraudulent transfers or conveyances or preferential transfers or conveyances) and general principles of equity, regardless of whether enforceability is considered in a proceeding in equity or at law.

5. With respect to any series of the Subordinated Medium Term Notes issued under the Subordinated MTN Indenture and offered under the Registration Statement, provided that at the time of issuance, sale and delivery of each series of the Subordinated Medium Term Notes (i) the Registration Statement and any required post-effective amendments thereto have all become effective under the Securities Act and no stop order has been issued by the SEC relating to the Registration Statement, and the Prospectus and any and all Prospectus Supplement(s) required by applicable laws, rules and regulations have been delivered and filed in compliance with and as required by such laws, rules and regulations; and (ii) the terms of the Subordinated Medium Term Notes have been established in conformity with the Subordinated MTN Indenture so as not to violate any applicable law or result in a default under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding upon the Company, so as to be

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in conformity with the Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws, and so as to comply with any requirement or restriction imposed by any court or governmental body having jurisdiction over the Company, and the Subordinated Medium Term Notes have been duly completed, executed, authenticated and delivered in accordance with the provisions of the Subordinated MTN Indenture, the resolutions of the Board with respect to the issuance and sale of the Subordinated Medium Term Notes and the Distribution Agreement, against payment of the agreed consideration therefor, the Subordinated Medium Term Notes will constitute legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company, subject to the effect of any bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, arrangement, or similar laws affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally (including, without limitation, the effect of statutory or other laws regarding fraudulent transfers or conveyances or preferential transfers or conveyances) and general principles of equity, regardless of whether enforceability is considered in a proceeding in equity or at law.

The opinions expressed herein are limited to the federal laws of the United States of America, the Delaware General Corporation Law (including the statutory provisions and all applicable provisions of the Delaware Constitution and reported judicial decisions interpreting these laws) (the “DGCL”) and, as to the Debt Securities, constituting valid and legally binding obligations of the Company, the laws of the State of New York.

We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the reference to our firm under the caption “Legal Matters” in the Prospectus which forms part of the Registration Statement. In giving this consent, we do not admit we are included in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

The opinions expressed herein are rendered as of the date hereof. We do not undertake to advise you of matters that may come to our attention subsequent to the date hereof and that may affect the opinions expressed herein, including without limitation, future changes in applicable law. This letter is our

Exhibit A
Guarantor Documents

M.D.C. Land Corporation

Articles of Incorporation of M.D.C. Land Corporation

By-Laws of M.D.C. Land Corporation

RAH of Florida, Inc.

Articles of Incorporation of Richmond American Homes of RAH Florida, Inc.

By-Laws of Richmond American Homes of Florida, Inc.

RAH of Texas, LP

Certificate of Limited Partnership for RAH of Texas, LP (A Colorado Limited Partnership)

Agreement of Limited Partnership of RAH of Texas, LP

RAH Texas Holdings, LLC

Articles of Organization of RAH Texas Holdings, LLC

Operating Agreement of RAH Texas Holdings, LLC

Richmond American Construction, Inc.

Certificate of Incorporation of Richmond American Construction, Inc

By-Laws of Richmond American Construction, Inc.

Richmond American Homes of Arizona, Inc.

Certificate of Incorporation of Richmond American Homes of Arizona, Inc.

By-Laws of Richmond American Homes of Arizona, Inc.

Richmond American Homes of Colorado, Inc.

Certificate of Incorporation of Richmond American Homes of Colorado, Inc.

By-Laws of Richmond American Homes of Colorado, Inc.

Richmond American Homes of Delaware, Inc.

Articles of Incorporation of Richmond American Homes of Delaware, Inc.

A-1

Bylaws of Richmond American Homes of Delaware, Inc.

Richmond American Homes of Florida, LP

Certificate of Limited Partnership of Richmond American Homes of Florida, LP

Agreement of Limited Partnership of Richmond American Homes of Florida, LP

Richmond American Homes of Illinois, Inc.

Articles of Incorporation of Richmond American Homes of Illinois, Inc.

Bylaws of Richmond American Homes of Illinois, Inc.

Richmond American Homes of Maryland, Inc.

Certificate of Incorporation of Richmond American Homes of Maryland, Inc.

By-Laws of Richmond American Homes of Maryland, Inc.

Richmond American Homes of Nevada, Inc.

Articles of Incorporation of Richmond American Homes of Nevada, Inc.

By-Laws of Richmond American Homes of Nevada, Inc.

Richmond American Homes of New Jersey, Inc.

Articles of Incorporation of Richmond American Homes of New Jersey, Inc.

Bylaws of Richmond American Homes of New Jersey, Inc.

Richmond American Homes of Pennsylvania, Inc.

Articles of Incorporation of Richmond American Homes of Pennsylvania, Inc.

Bylaws of Richmond American Homes of Pennsylvania, Inc.

Richmond American Homes of Texas, Inc.

Articles of Incorporation of Richmond American Homes of Texas, Inc.

By-Laws of Richmond American Homes of Texas, Inc.

Richmond American Homes of Utah, Inc.

Articles of Incorporation of Richmond American Homes of Utah, Inc.

By-Laws of Richmond American Homes of Utah, Inc.

A-2

Richmond American Homes of Virginia, Inc.

Articles of Incorporation of Richmond American Homes of Virginia, Inc.

By-Laws of Richmond American Homes of Virginia, Inc.

Richmond American Homes of West Virginia, Inc.

Articles of Incorporation of Richmond Homes of West Virginia, Inc.

By-Laws of Richmond American Homes of West Virginia, Inc.

Richmond American Homes Two, Inc.

Articles of Incorporation of Richmond Homes Two, Inc.

By-Laws of Richmond American Homes Two, Inc.

Richmond American Homes Three, Inc.

Articles of Incorporation of Richmond Homes Three, Inc.

By-Laws of Richmond American Homes Three, Inc.

Richmond American Homes Four, Inc.

Articles of Incorporation of Richmond Homes Four, Inc.

By-Laws of Richmond American Homes Four, Inc.

Richmond American Homes Five, Inc.

Articles of Incorporation of Richmond Homes Five, Inc.

By-Laws of Richmond American Homes Five, Inc.

Richmond American Homes Six, Inc.

Articles of Incorporation of Richmond Homes Six, Inc.

By-Laws of Richmond American Homes Six, Inc.

Richmond American Homes Seven, Inc.

Articles of Incorporation of Richmond Homes Seven, Inc.

By-Laws of Richmond American Homes Seven, Inc.

A-3