Segment Reporting

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Segment Reporting, Disclosure of Entity's Reportable Segments [Abstract]

Segment Reporting

Segment ReportingAn operating segment is defined as a component of an enterprise for which discrete financial information is available and is reviewed regularly by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), or decision-making group, to evaluate performance and make operating decisions. We have identified our CODM as two key executives—the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and the Chief Operating Officer (“COO”).

We have identified each homebuilding division as an operating segment. Our homebuilding operating segments have been aggregated into the reportable segments noted below because they are similar in the following regards: (1) economic characteristics; (2) housing products; (3) class of homebuyer; (4) regulatory environments; and (5) methods used to construct and sell homes. Our homebuilding reportable segments are as follows

•West (Arizona, California, Nevada, Oregon and Washington)

•Mountain (Colorado and Utah)

•East (mid-Atlantic, which includes Maryland and Virginia, and Florida)

Our financial services business consists of the operations of the following operating segments: (1) HomeAmerican Mortgage Corporation (“HomeAmerican”); (2) Allegiant Insurance Company, Inc., A Risk Retention Group (“Allegiant”); (3) StarAmerican Insurance Ltd. (“StarAmerican”); (4) American Home Insurance Agency, Inc.; and (5) American Home Title and Escrow Company. Due to its contributions to consolidated pretax income, we consider HomeAmerican to be a reportable segment (“mortgage operations”). The remaining operating segments have been aggregated into one reportable segment (“other”) because they do not individually exceed 10 percent of: (1) consolidated revenue; (2) the greater of (a) the combined reported profit of all operating segments that did not report a loss or (b) the positive value of the combined reported loss of all operating segments that reported losses; or (3) consolidated assets.

Corporate is a non-operating segment that develops and implements strategic initiatives and supports our operating divisions by centralizing key administrative functions such as finance, treasury, information technology, insurance, risk management, litigation and human resources. Corporate also provides the necessary administrative functions to support MDC as a publicly traded company. A portion of the expenses incurred by Corporate are allocated to the homebuilding operating segments based on their respective percentages of assets, and to a lesser degree, a portion of Corporate expenses are allocated to the financial services segments. A majority of Corporate’s personnel and resources are primarily dedicated to activities relating to the homebuilding segments, and, therefore, the balance of any unallocated Corporate expenses is included in the homebuilding operations section of our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

On a periodic basis, we assess our Corporate cost allocation estimates. Our most recent assessment resulted in increases in Corporate cost allocations to both our homebuilding and financial services segments beginning January 1, 2020, to reflect the use of centralized administrative functions. Applying the most recent cost allocation estimate to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 would have resulted in decreased pretax income for our homebuilding segments of approximately $2.8 million and $8.2 million, respectively, and decreased pretax income for our financial services segments of approximately $0.4 million and $1.2 million, respectively, with corresponding increases in our Corporate segment pretax income. Additionally, beginning January 1, 2020, we have reflected the expense associated with all homebuilding employee bonuses in the respective homebuilding segment to which the employee reports, consistent with how the CODM is now evaluating homebuilding division performance and making operating decisions. Had these bonuses been reflected in a similar manner during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, pretax income for our homebuilding segments would have decreased by an additional $3.5 million and $9.5 million, respectively, with a corresponding increase in our Corporate segment pretax income.

The following table summarizes revenues for our homebuilding and financial services operations

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
	(Dollars in thousands)
Homebuilding
West	$	552,319	$	410,414	$	1,447,934	$	1,164,502
Mountain	347,095		263,802		886,619		760,470
East	101,135		76,058		249,839		205,424
Total homebuilding revenues	$	1,000,549	$	750,274	$	2,584,392	$	2,130,396
Financial Services
Mortgage operations	$	28,548	$	14,395	$	67,536	$	36,258
Other	8,255		7,993		24,117		22,131
Total financial services revenues	$	36,803	$	22,388	$	91,653	$	58,389

The following table summarizes pretax income (loss) for our homebuilding and financial services operations:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
	(Dollars in thousands)
Homebuilding
West	$	59,120	$	34,898	$	144,441	$	103,448
Mountain	48,053		31,391		111,372		89,077
East	6,020		2,136		9,993		5,761
Corporate	(11,543)		(19,734)		(29,566)		(46,926)
Total homebuilding pretax income	$	101,650	$	48,691	$	236,240	$	151,360
Financial Services
Mortgage operations	$	20,809	$	8,468	$	46,558	$	19,700
Other	3,559		5,647		3,420		21,683
Total financial services pretax income	$	24,368	$	14,115	$	49,978	$	41,383
Total pretax income	$	126,018	$	62,806	$	286,218	$	192,743

The following table summarizes total assets for our homebuilding and financial services operations. The assets in our West, Mountain and East segments consist primarily of inventory while the assets in our Corporate segment primarily include our cash and cash equivalents and deferred tax assets. The assets in our financial services segment consist mostly of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities and mortgage loans held-for-sale.

	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
	(Dollars in thousands)
Homebuilding assets
West	$	1,660,583	$	1,461,645
Mountain	927,730		869,665
East	248,028		194,592
Corporate	507,728		505,507
Total homebuilding assets	$	3,344,069	$	3,031,409
Financial services assets
Mortgage operations	$	196,258	$	209,946
Other	72,447		97,001
Total financial services assets	$	268,705	$	306,947
Total assets	$	3,612,774	$	3,338,356