S-3

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 20, 2019

Registration No. 333-                

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM S-3

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

PENNSYLVANIA REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Pennsylvania	23-6216339
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

One Commerce Square

2005 Market Street, Suite 1000

Philadelphia, PA 19103

(215) 875-0700

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

Lisa M. Most, Esq.

Senior Vice President and General Counsel

Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust

One Commerce Square

2005 Market Street, Suite 1000

Philadelphia, PA 19103

(215) 875-0700

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Copy to:

Elizabeth A. Diffley, Esq.

Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP

One Logan Square, Suite 2000

Philadelphia, PA 19103

(215) 988-2700

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after the effective date of this registration statement.

If the only securities being registered on this form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box.  ☐

If any of the securities being registered on this form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box.  ☒

If this form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

If this form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box.  ☐

If this form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of Securities Act.  ☐

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

Title of Each Class of Securities to be Registered	Amount to be Registered(1)(2)	Proposed Maximum Offering Price Per Unit(1)	Proposed Maximum Aggregate Offering Price(1)(2)	Amount of Registration Fee
Common Shares of Beneficial Interest, par value $1.00 per share(3)
Preferred Shares of Beneficial Interest
Debt Securities(4)
Warrants
Rights
Depositary Shares
Units
Total	$500,000,000		$500,000,000	$64,900

(1) An indeterminate number of or aggregate principal amount of the securities is being registered as may at various times be issued at indeterminate prices, with an aggregate public offering price not to exceed $500,000,000 or, if any debt securities are issued at any original issuance discount, such greater amount as shall result in net proceeds of $500,000,000 to the Registrant.

(2) Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act of 1933. The aggregate public offering price of all securities registered hereby will not exceed $500,000,000.

(3) Includes such indeterminate number of shares of beneficial interest that may be issued (a) upon conversion of or exchange for any preferred shares of beneficial interest (including depositary shares with respect to such preferred shares), or debt securities that provide for conversion into shares of beneficial interest or (b) upon exercise of warrants to purchase shares of beneficial interest.

(4) Includes senior debt securities, senior subordinated debt securities and subordinated debt securities.

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is declared effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED DECEMBER 20, 2019

PROSPECTUS

PENNSYLVANIA REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST

Common Shares of Beneficial Interest

Preferred Shares of Beneficial Interest

Debt Securities

Warrants

Rights

Depositary Shares

Units

We may offer and sell from time to time:

• common shares of beneficial interest;

• preferred shares of beneficial interest;

• debt securities, which may be senior debt securities, senior subordinated debt securities or subordinated debt securities;

• warrants exercisable for common shares, preferred shares, debt securities, depositary shares or other securities;

• rights;

• depositary shares; and

• units consisting of any combination of the securities listed above.

The specific terms of any securities to be offered will be described in a supplement to this prospectus. A prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. You should read this prospectus and any prospectus supplement, together with the additional information incorporated by reference herein and therein, carefully before you invest in our securities. This prospectus may not be used to sell securities unless it is accompanied by a prospectus supplement.

Our common shares of beneficial interest are traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “PEI.” On December 16, 2019, the last reported sale price of our common shares of beneficial interest on the New York Stock Exchange was $5.29 per share.

You should consider the risks described in “Risk Factors” on page 3 of this prospectus and included in documents that we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement before investing in our securities.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is December 20, 2019.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS	1
OUR COMPANY	1
RISK FACTORS	3
FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS	3
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION; INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE	4
USE OF PROCEEDS	6
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES	7
DESCRIPTION OF COMMON SHARES	8
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED SHARES OF BENEFICIAL INTEREST	11
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES	15
DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS	25
DESCRIPTION OF RIGHTS	26
DESCRIPTION OF DEPOSITARY SHARES	27
DESCRIPTION OF UNITS	30
CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF OUR TRUST AGREEMENT AND BY-LAWS	31
DESCRIPTION OF THE PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT OF PREIT ASSOCIATES, L.P.	32
MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES	33
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION	55
LEGAL MATTERS	58
EXPERTS	58

Unless the context requires otherwise, references in this prospectus to “we,” “our,” “us,” the “Company” and “PREIT” refer to Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust, a Pennsylvania business trust, and its subsidiaries, including our operating partnership PREIT Associates, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership of which we are the sole general partner. All references to “common shares” refer to PREIT’s common shares of beneficial interest, par value $1.00 per share.

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus, in an accompanying prospectus supplement or incorporated by reference herein or therein. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with information or make any representation that is not contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or an accompanying prospectus supplement. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. This prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement do not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities other than the registered securities to which they relate, and this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement do not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy securities in any jurisdiction where, or to any person to whom, it is unlawful to make such an offer or solicitation. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement is accurate as of the date on its respective cover, and that any information incorporated by reference herein or therein is accurate only as of the date of the document incorporated by reference, unless we indicate otherwise. Since such dates, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed.

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-3 that we have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, using a “shelf” registration process. Under the shelf registration process, using this prospectus, together with one or more prospectus supplements, we may sell, from time to time, in one or more offerings, any combination of the securities described in this prospectus.

This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we offer securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of those securities and that offering. The prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. You should read this prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement and the information incorporated by reference herein and therein before making an investment in our securities. See “Where You Can Find More Information; Incorporation By Reference.” If there is any inconsistency between the information in this prospectus and any prospectus supplement, you should rely on the information in the prospectus supplement.

OUR COMPANY

Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust, a Pennsylvania business trust founded in 1960 and one of the first equity real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) in the United States, has a primary investment focus on retail shopping malls located in the eastern half of the United States, primarily in the Mid-Atlantic region.

We currently own interests in 26 retail properties, of which 25 are operating properties and one is a development property. The 25 operating properties include 21 shopping malls and four other retail properties, have a total of 19.5 million square feet and are located in nine states. We and partnerships in which we own an interest own 15.2 million square feet at these properties (excluding space owned by anchors or third parties).

There are 18 operating retail properties in our portfolio that we consolidate for financial reporting purposes. These consolidated properties have a total of 15.0 million square feet, of which we own 12.0 million square feet. The seven operating retail properties that are owned by unconsolidated partnerships with third parties have a total of 4.5 million square feet, of which 3.2 million square feet are owned by such partnerships. These property counts include non-core properties. Core properties include all operating retail properties except for Exton Square Mall, Valley View Mall and Fashion District Philadelphia, which opened in September 2019 and is not yet stabilized as development work is continuing.

We have one property in our portfolio that is classified as under development; however, we do not currently have any activity occurring at this property.

We are a fully integrated, self-managed and self-administered REIT that has elected to be treated as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. In general, we are required each year to distribute to our shareholders at least 90% of our net taxable income and to meet certain other requirements in order to maintain the favorable tax treatment associated with qualifying as a REIT.

We hold our interests in our portfolio of properties primarily through our operating partnership, PREIT Associates, L.P. We are the sole general partner of PREIT Associates, L.P. and, as of September 30, 2019, held a 97.5% controlling interest in PREIT Associates, L.P., and consolidated it for reporting purposes. We own our interests in our properties through various ownership structures, including partnerships and tenancy in common arrangements.

We provide management, leasing and real estate development services through PREIT Services, LLC, which generally develops and manages properties that we consolidate for financial reporting purposes, and PREIT-

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RUBIN, Inc. (“PREIT-RUBIN”), which generally develops and manages properties that we do not consolidate for financial reporting purposes, including properties in which we own interests through partnerships with third parties and properties that are owned by third parties in which we do not have an interest. PREIT-RUBIN is a taxable REIT subsidiary, as defined by federal tax laws, which means that it is able to offer additional services to tenants without jeopardizing our continuing qualification as a REIT under federal tax law.

Our principal corporate offices are located at One Commerce Square, 2005 Market Street, Suite 1000, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103, and our telephone number is (215) 875-0700. We maintain a web site that contains information about us at http://www.preit.com. The information included on the web site is not, and should not be considered to be, a part of, nor incorporated by reference into, this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement.

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RISK FACTORS

Investment in the securities offered pursuant to this prospectus involves risks. You should carefully consider the risk factors incorporated into this prospectus by reference to our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and our subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and the other information contained in this prospectus, as updated by our subsequent filings under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, and the risk factors and other information contained in any applicable prospectus supplement, before acquiring any of such securities. The occurrence of any of the events described in these risks might cause you to lose all or part of your investment in the offered securities. Please also refer to the section below entitled “Forward-Looking Statements.”

FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus and the information incorporated by reference herein contain certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. Such statements are based on assumptions and expectations that may not be realized and are inherently subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which cannot be predicted with accuracy and some of which might not even be anticipated. When used, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “project,” “result,” “should,” “will” and similar expressions that do not relate solely to historical matters are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Future events and actual results, performance, transactions or achievements, financial and otherwise, may differ materially from the results, performance, transactions or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Risks, uncertainties and other factors that might cause such differences, some of which could be material, include, but are not limited to:

• changes in the retail and real estate industries, including consolidation and store closings, particularly among anchor tenants;

• current economic conditions and the corresponding effects on tenant business performance, prospects, solvency and leasing decisions;

• our inability to collect rent due to the bankruptcy or insolvency of tenants or otherwise;

• our ability to maintain and increase property occupancy, sales and rental rates;

• increases in operating costs that cannot be passed on to tenants;

• the effects of online shopping and other uses of technology on our retail tenants;

• risks related to our development and redevelopment activities, including delays, cost overruns and our inability to reach projected occupancy or rental rates;

• acts of violence at malls, including our properties, or at other similar spaces, and the potential effect on traffic and sales;

• our ability to sell properties that we seek to dispose of or our ability to obtain prices we seek;

• potential losses on impairment of certain long-lived assets, such as real estate, including losses that we might be required to record in connection with any disposition of assets;

• our substantial debt and the liquidation preference of our preferred shares and our high leverage ratio;

• our ability to refinance our existing indebtedness when it matures, on favorable terms or at all;

• our ability to raise capital, including through sales of properties or interests in properties and through the issuance of equity or equity-related securities if market conditions are favorable; and

• potential dilution from any capital raising transactions or other equity issuances.

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While forward-looking statements reflect our good faith beliefs, they are not guarantees of future performance. We do not intend to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. For a further discussion of these and other factors that could impact our future results, performance or transactions, see the section above entitled “Risk Factors,” including the risks incorporated therein from our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and our subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, as updated by our future filings, including any applicable prospectus supplement.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION; INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

We have filed a registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC of which this prospectus forms a part. In addition, we file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov. You can also inspect reports and other information we file with the SEC at the offices of the New York Stock Exchange, 20 Broad Street, New York, New York 10005.

Additionally, we make our SEC filings available, free of charge, on our website at https://investors.preit.com/investors/ as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such materials with, or furnish them to, the SEC. The information on our website, other than the filings incorporated by reference in this prospectus, is not, and should not be, considered part of this prospectus, is not incorporated by reference into this document, and should not be relied upon in connection with making any investment decision with respect to the Securities.

The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement certain information we file with the SEC, which means that we may disclose important information in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement by referring you to the document that contains the information. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be a part of this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement, and the information we file later with the SEC, but prior to the completion of this offering, will automatically update and supersede the information filed earlier. We incorporate by reference the documents listed below and any future filings we make with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act until this offering is completed; provided, however, that we are not incorporating any information furnished under either Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of any Current Report on Form 8-K. These documents may include, among others, Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, as well as proxy statements.

This prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement do not contain all of the information included in the registration statement. If a reference is made in this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement to any of our contracts or other documents filed or incorporated by reference as an exhibit to the registration statement, the reference may not be complete and you should refer to the filed copy of the contract or document.

This prospectus incorporates by reference the documents listed below, all of which have been previously filed with the SEC:

• our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, filed on February 25, 2019, as amended by the 10-K/A filed March 28, 2019;

• our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarterly periods ended March 31, 2019, filed on May 7, 2019, June 30, 2019, filed on August  2, 2019, and September 30, 2019, filed on November 4, 2019;

• our Definitive Proxy Statement, filed with the SEC on April 18, 2019;

• our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed on February 4, 2019, March  14, 2019, April 15, 2019, June 5, 2019, July  11, 2019, September  16, 2019, and October 28, 2019;

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• the description of our common shares contained in our Registration Statement on Form 8-A dated December 17, 1997, and all amendments or reports filed with the SEC for the purpose of updating such description.

You may obtain copies of any of these filings by contacting us at the address and phone number indicated below or by contacting the SEC or the New York Stock Exchange as described above. You may request a copy of these filings, and any exhibits we have specifically incorporated by reference as an exhibit in this prospectus, at no cost, by writing or telephoning our General Counsel at:

Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust

One Commerce Square

2005 Market Street, Suite 1000

Philadelphia, PA 19103

(215) 875-0700

Attention: General Counsel

We will provide to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom a prospectus is delivered, a copy of any or all of the information that has been incorporated by reference in to the prospectus but not delivered with the prospectus. Readers should only rely on the information provided or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or in any applicable supplement to this prospectus. Readers should not assume that the information in this prospectus or any applicable supplement is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front cover of the applicable document.

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USE OF PROCEEDS

We do not currently know either the number or type of securities that will be ultimately sold pursuant to this prospectus or the prices at which such securities will be sold. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement accompanying this prospectus, we intend to use the net proceeds of any sale of securities for general corporate purposes, including repayment of indebtedness, capital expenditures, working capital, and the acquisition, development and improvement of properties. Pending such use, we may temporarily invest the net proceeds of any offering.

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GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES

The descriptions of the securities contained in this prospectus, together with the applicable prospectus supplements, summarize the material terms and provisions of the various types of securities that we may offer. We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to any securities the particular terms of the securities offered by that prospectus supplement. We will also include in the prospectus supplement, when applicable, material U.S. federal income tax considerations relating to the securities.

We may sell from time to time, in one or more offerings, any one or more of the following:

• common shares of beneficial interest, par value $1.00 per share;

• preferred shares of beneficial interest;

• debt securities, including senior debt securities, senior subordinated debt securities and subordinated debt securities;

• warrants to purchase shares, preferred shares, debt securities, depositary shares and/or any combination thereof;

• rights;

• depositary shares; or

• units consisting of any combination of the foregoing securities.

In this prospectus, we refer to the common shares, preferred shares, debt securities, warrants, depositary shares, rights and units collectively as “securities.” The total dollar amount of all securities that we may issue under this prospectus will not exceed $500,000,000. If we issue debt securities at a discount from their original stated principal amount, then, for purposes of calculating the total dollar amount of all securities issued under this prospectus, we will treat the initial offering price of the debt securities as the total original principal amount of the debt securities.

This prospectus may not be used to consummate a sale of securities unless it is accompanied by a prospectus supplement.

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DESCRIPTION OF COMMON SHARES

The following summary of the material terms of our common shares of beneficial interest does not include all of the terms of the common shares and should be read together with our Trust Agreement and By-laws and with applicable Pennsylvania law. Our Trust Agreement and By-laws are incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. See “Where You Can Find More Information; Incorporation By Reference.”

Authorized Common and Preferred Shares

Under our Trust Agreement, we have the authority to issue up to 200,000,000 shares of beneficial interest, $1.00 par value per share, and up to 25,000,000 preferred shares.

Common Shares

Voting, Dividend and Other Rights. Subject to the provisions of our Trust Agreement regarding excess shares, (1) the holders of our common shares are entitled to one vote per share on all matters voted on by shareholders, including elections of trustees, and (2) subject to the rights of holders of any preferred shares, the holders of our common shares are entitled to a pro rata portion of any distributions declared from time to time by our board of trustees from funds available for those distributions, and upon liquidation are entitled to receive pro rata all of the assets available for distribution to those holders. We generally must be current in our dividend payments on our currently outstanding Series B Preferred Shares, Series C Preferred Shares and Series D Preferred Shares in order to pay dividends on our common shares. The majority of common shares voting on a matter at a meeting at which at least a majority of the outstanding shares are present in person or by proxy constitutes the act of the shareholders, except with respect to the election of trustees (see below). Our Trust Agreement permits the holders of securities of our affiliates to vote with our shareholders on specified matters, and the partnership agreement of our operating partnership grants that right to certain holders of currently outstanding partnership units of our operating partnership, with respect to fundamental changes in us (i.e., mergers, consolidations and sales of substantially all of our assets). Shareholders do not have any pre-emptive rights to purchase our securities.

Our Trust Agreement provides that our board of trustees may authorize the issuance of multiple classes and series of shares of beneficial interest and classes and series of preferred shares having preferences to the existing shares in any matter, including rights in liquidation or to dividends and conversion rights (including shareholder rights plans), and other securities having conversion rights, and may authorize the creation and issuance by our subsidiaries and affiliates of securities having conversion rights in respect of our shares. Accordingly, the rights of holders of our existing common shares are subject and junior to preferred rights of our existing and outstanding preferred shares, as to dividends and in liquidation (and other such matters) and will be subject and junior to any subsequently authorized preferred shares or class of preferred shares to the extent set forth in the designating amendment with respect to such preferred shares.

Board of Trustees. Members of our board of trustees are elected at our annual meeting of shareholders to serve until the subsequent annual meeting of shareholders and until their respective successors have been duly elected and have qualified. Our Trust Agreement does not provide for cumulative voting in the election of trustees, and the candidates receiving the highest number of votes are elected to the office of trustee, subject to the majority voting provisions contained in our corporate governance guidelines.

Trustee Nomination Process. Our Trust Agreement provides that nominations for election to the office of trustee at any annual or special meeting of shareholders shall be made by the trustees or by shareholders. Shareholder notice of a nomination of a trustee candidate for election at an annual meeting must generally be delivered not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to the anniversary date of the prior year’s meeting, and for election at an annual meeting that is not within 30 days of such anniversary date or for a special meeting, not later than 10 days following the date on which notice of the meeting is mailed or disclosed publicly, whichever

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comes first. Shareholders making nominations of trustee candidates must hold at least two percent (2%) of the outstanding common shares. Nominations not made in accordance with the procedures in the Trust Agreement will not be considered.

Limited Liability of Shareholders

Our Trust Agreement provides that shareholders, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, are not liable for any act, omission or liability of a trustee and that the trustees have no power to bind shareholders personally. Nevertheless, there may be liability in some jurisdictions that may decline to recognize a business trust as a valid organization. With respect to all types of claims in any such jurisdiction, and with respect to tort claims, certain contract claims and possible tax claims in jurisdictions where the business trust is treated as a partnership for certain purposes, shareholders may be personally liable for such obligations to the extent that we do not satisfy those claims. In jurisdictions other than the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, we conduct substantially all of our business through entities recognized in the relevant jurisdiction to limit the liability of equity owners. We carry insurance in amounts that we deem adequate to cover foreseeable claims.

Restrictions on Ownership

Among the requirements for qualification as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code, or the Code, are (1) not more than 50% in value of our outstanding shares, including the common shares (after taking into account options to acquire shares), may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Code to include certain entities) during the last half of a taxable year, (2) the shares must be beneficially owned by 100 or more persons during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months or during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year, and (3) certain percentages of our gross income must be from particular activities. In order to continue to qualify as a REIT under the Code, our board of trustees has adopted, and our shareholders have approved, provisions of our Trust Agreement that restrict the ownership and transfer of shares, or the Ownership Limit Provisions.

The Ownership Limit Provisions provide that no person may beneficially own, or be deemed to own by virtue of the attribution provisions of the Code, more than 9.9% of any separate class of our shares. The trustees may exempt a person from the Ownership Limit Provisions with a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service or an opinion of counsel or our tax accountants to the effect that such ownership will not jeopardize our status as a REIT.

Issuance or transfers of shares in violation of the Ownership Limit Provisions or which would cause us to be beneficially owned by fewer than 100 persons are void ab initio and the intended transferee acquires no rights to the shares.

In the event of a purported transfer or other event that would, if effective, result in the ownership of shares in violation of the Ownership Limit Provisions, such transfer or other event with respect to that number of shares that would be owned by the transferee in excess of the Ownership Limit Provisions are automatically exchanged for an equal number of excess shares, or the Excess Shares, authorized by our Trust Agreement, according to the rules set forth therein, to the extent necessary to ensure that the purported transfer or other event does not result in the ownership of shares in violation of the Ownership Limit Provisions. Any purported transferee or other purported holder of Excess Shares is required to give written notice to us of a purported transfer or other event that would result in the issuance of Excess Shares.

Excess Shares are not treasury shares but rather continue as issued and outstanding shares of beneficial interest. While outstanding, Excess Shares will be held in trust. The trustee of such trust shall be our Company. The beneficiary of such trust shall be designated by the purported holder of the Excess Shares. Excess Shares are not entitled to any dividends or distributions. If, after the purported transfer or other event resulting in an exchange of shares of beneficial interest for Excess Shares and prior to our discovery of such exchange, dividends or

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distributions are paid with respect to the shares that were exchanged for Excess Shares, then such dividends or distributions are to be repaid to us upon demand. Excess Shares participate ratably (based on the total number of shares and Excess Shares) in any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our Company. Except as required by law, holders of Excess Shares are not entitled to vote such shares on any matter. While Excess Shares are held in trust, any interest in that trust may be transferred by the trustee only to a person whose ownership of shares will not violate the Ownership Limit Provisions, at which time the Excess Shares will be automatically exchanged for the same number of shares of the same type and class as the shares for which the Excess Shares were originally exchanged. Prior to any transfer of any interest in the Excess Shares held in trust, the purported transferee or other purported holder, as the case may be, must give advance notice to us of the intended transfer and we must waive in writing our purchase rights. Our Trust Agreement contains provisions that are designed to ensure that the purported transferee or other purported holder of Excess Shares does not receive in return for such a transfer an amount that reflects any appreciation in the shares for which Excess Shares were exchanged during the period that such Excess Shares were outstanding. Any amount received by a purported transferee or other purported holder in excess of the amount permitted to be received must be paid to our Company. If the foregoing restrictions are determined to be invalid by any court of competent jurisdiction, then the intended transferee or holder of any Excess Shares may be deemed, at our option, to have acted as an agent on our behalf in acquiring such Excess Shares and to hold such Excess Shares on our behalf.

Our Trust Agreement further provides that Excess Shares shall be deemed to have been offered for sale to our Company at the lesser of (1) the price paid for the shares by the purported transferee or, in the case of a gift, devise or other transaction, the market price for such shares at the time of such gift, devise or other transaction or (2) the market price for the shares on the date we or our designee exercises its option to purchase the Excess Shares. We may purchase such Excess Shares during a 90-day period, beginning on the date of the violative transfer if the original transferee-shareholder gives notice to us of the transfer or, if no notice is given, the date the board of trustees determines that a violative transfer or other event resulting in an exchange of shares for the Excess Shares has occurred.

Each shareholder, upon demand, is required to disclose to us in writing such information with respect to the direct, indirect and constructive ownership of shares as the board of trustees deems necessary to comply with the provisions of our Trust Agreement or the Code applicable to a REIT or to comply with the requirements of any taxing authority or governmental agency. Certificates or recorded book entries representing shares of any class or series issued after September 29, 1997 will bear a legend or have a notation referring to the restrictions described above.

Registrar and Transfer Agent

The registrar and transfer agent for our common shares is EQ Shareowner Services.

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DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED SHARES OF BENEFICIAL INTEREST

Our Trust Agreement authorizes our board of trustees from time to time to establish and issue, in one or more classes or series, up to 25,000,000 preferred shares. The following description of the preferred shares sets forth certain general terms and provisions of the preferred shares to which any prospectus supplement may relate. The statements below describing the preferred shares are in all respects subject to and qualified in their entirety by reference to the applicable provisions of our Trust Agreement.

In April 2012, we issued 4,600,000 8.25% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares (the “Series A Preferred Shares”) in a public offering at a price of $25.00 per share. In October 2012, we issued 3,450,000 7.375% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares (the “Series B Preferred Shares”) in a public offering at a price of $25.00 per share. In January 2017, we issued 6,900,000 7.20% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares (the “Series C Preferred Shares”) in a public offering at a price of $25.00 per share. In September and October 2017, we issued an aggregate of 5,000,000 6.875% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares (the “Series D Preferred Shares”) in a public offering at a price of $25.00 per share.

On April 20, 2017 and October 11, 2017, the Series A Preferred Shares and the Series B Preferred Shares, respectively, became redeemable at our option at $25.00 per share plus any accrued and unpaid dividends.

In October 2017, we used a portion of the net proceeds from the offering of our Series D Preferred Shares to redeem all of our then outstanding Series A Preferred Shares.

We may not redeem the Series C Preferred Shares or the Series D Preferred Shares before January 27, 2022 and September 15, 2022, respectively, except to preserve our status as a REIT or upon the occurrence of a change of control, as defined in the Trust Agreement addenda designating the Series C Preferred Shares and Series D Preferred Shares, respectively. On each such date, the respective class of securities will become redeemable at our option at $25.00 per share plus any accrued and unpaid dividends.

None of the foregoing securities have a stated maturity, and they are not subject to any sinking fund or mandatory redemption. Such securities will remain outstanding indefinitely unless we redeem or otherwise repurchase them or they are converted.

General

Our board of trustees is empowered by our Trust Agreement to designate and issue from time to time one or more series of preferred shares without shareholder approval. The board of trustees may determine the relative rights, preferences, privileges, qualifications, limitations and restrictions of each series of preferred shares so issued. Because the board of trustees has the power to establish the rights and preferences of each series of preferred shares, it may afford the holders of any series of preferred shares preferences and rights, voting or otherwise, senior to the rights of holders of other shares. The preferred shares will, when issued, be fully paid and nonassessable.

The prospectus supplement relating to any preferred shares offered thereby will contain specific terms, including:

• the title and stated value of such preferred shares;

• the number of such preferred shares offered, the liquidation preference per share and the offering price of such preferred shares;

• the dividend rate(s), period(s) and/or payment date(s) or method(s) of calculation thereof applicable to such preferred shares;

• the date from which dividends on such preferred shares will accumulate, if applicable;

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• the procedures for any auction and remarketing, if any, of such preferred shares;

• the provision for a sinking fund, if any, for such preferred shares;

• the provision for redemption, if applicable, of such preferred shares;

• any listing of such preferred shares on any securities exchange;

• the terms and conditions, if applicable, upon which such preferred shares will be convertible into shares, including the conversion price (or manner of calculation thereof);

• any other specific terms, preferences, rights, limitations or restrictions of such preferred shares;

• a discussion of federal income tax considerations applicable to such preferred shares;

• the relative ranking and preferences of such preferred shares as to dividend rights and rights upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs;

• any limitations on issuance of any series of preferred shares ranking senior to or on a parity with such series of preferred shares as to dividend rights and rights upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs; and

• any limitations on direct or beneficial ownership and restrictions on transfer, in each case as may be appropriate to preserve our status as a REIT.

Rank

Unless otherwise specified in the prospectus supplement, the preferred shares will, with respect to dividend rights and rights upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, rank (i) senior to all classes or series of our common shares, and to all other equity securities ranking junior to such preferred shares; (ii) on a parity with all equity securities we issue with terms that specifically provide that such equity securities rank on a parity with the preferred shares; and (iii) junior to all equity securities we issue with terms that specifically provide that such equity securities rank senior to the preferred shares.

Dividends

Holders of the preferred shares of each series issued pursuant to this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement will be entitled to receive, when, as and if declared by our board of trustees, out of our assets legally available for payment, cash dividends at such rates and on such dates as will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. These dividends will be payable to holders of record as they appear on our share transfer books on the record dates fixed by the board of trustees.

Dividends on any series of preferred shares issued pursuant to this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement may be cumulative or non-cumulative, as provided in the applicable prospectus supplement. If cumulative, dividends will accumulate from and after the date set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. If the board of trustees fails to declare a dividend on any series of the preferred shares for which dividends are non-cumulative, then the holders of that series will have no right to receive a dividend in respect of the dividend period ending on the applicable dividend payment date. In this case, we will not be obligated to pay the dividend accrued for this period, whether or not dividends on the series are declared payable on any future dividend payment date.

If any preferred shares of any series are outstanding, we will neither declare nor pay or set apart for payment any dividends on any of our capital shares that rank on a parity with or junior to those preferred shares, unless:

• where preferred shares have a cumulative dividend, we have declared full cumulative dividends and have either paid these dividends or have set apart a sum sufficient for payment for all past dividend periods and the then current dividend period; or

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• where preferred shares do not have a cumulative dividend, we have declared full dividends for the then current dividend period and have either paid or set aside a sum sufficient for the payment thereof.

Except in the same two cases noted above, we also will not redeem, purchase or otherwise acquire any of our capital shares that rank on a parity with or junior to our preferred shares for cash, nor will we pay or make available any sinking fund for the redemption of any such shares. We may, however, convert or exchange these shares for other capital shares that rank junior to the preferred shares both as to dividends and upon liquidation.

When we do not pay or set aside a sum sufficient for the payment of full dividends on our preferred shares and on any other series of preferred shares ranking on a parity as to dividends, all dividends that we declare on these preferred shares will be declared pro rata so that the amount of dividends declared per share is proportionate to the accrued dividends per share on the respective series of preferred shares. We will not pay interest, or money in lieu of interest, in respect of any dividend payment or payments on preferred shares that may be in arrears.

Redemption

If so provided in the applicable prospectus supplement, the preferred shares will be subject to mandatory redemption or redemption at our option, in whole or in part, in each case upon the terms, at the times and at the redemption prices set forth in such prospectus supplement.

The prospectus supplement relating to a series of preferred shares that is subject to mandatory redemption will specify the number of such preferred shares that will be redeemed by us in each year commencing after a date to be specified, at a redemption price per share to be specified, together with an amount equal to all accrued and unpaid dividends thereon (which shall not, if such preferred shares do not have a cumulative dividend, include any accumulation in respect of unpaid dividends for prior dividend periods) to the date of redemption. The redemption price may be payable in cash or other property, as specified in the applicable prospectus supplement.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, we will not redeem less than all of our then outstanding preferred shares issued pursuant to this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement unless:

• where preferred shares have a cumulative dividend, we have declared full cumulative dividends and have either paid these dividends or have set apart a sum sufficient for payment for all past dividend periods and the then current dividend period; or

• where the preferred shares do not have a cumulative dividend, we have declared full dividends for the then current dividend period and have either paid or set aside a sum sufficient for the payment thereof.

The foregoing, however, will not prevent us from purchasing or acquiring preferred shares to preserve our REIT status or pursuant to a purchase or exchange offer made on the same terms to holders of all outstanding preferred shares of such series.

If fewer than all of the outstanding preferred shares of any series issued pursuant to this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement are to be redeemed, the number of shares to be redeemed will be determined by us, and such shares may be redeemed pro rata from the holders of record of such shares in proportion to the number of such shares held or for which redemption is requested by such holder (with adjustments to avoid redemption of fractional shares) or by lot in a manner determined by us.

Liquidation Preference

Upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs, then, before any distribution or payment shall be made to the holders of any common shares or any other class or series of our capital shares ranking junior to the preferred shares in the distribution of assets upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, the holders of each series of preferred shares shall be entitled to receive out of our assets legally

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available for distribution to shareholders liquidating distributions in the amount of the liquidation preference per share (set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement), plus an amount equal to all dividends accrued and unpaid thereon (which shall not include any accumulation in respect of unpaid dividends for prior dividend periods if such preferred shares do not have a cumulative dividend). Unless otherwise set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, after payment of the full amount of the liquidating distributions to which they are entitled, the holders of preferred shares will have no right or claim to any of our remaining assets. In the event that, upon any such voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up, our available assets are insufficient to pay the amount of the liquidating distributions on all outstanding preferred shares and the corresponding amounts payable on all shares of other classes or series of our capital shares ranking on a parity with the preferred shares in the distribution of assets, then the holders of the preferred shares and all other such classes or series of capital shares shall share ratably in any such distribution of assets in proportion to the full liquidating distributions to which they would otherwise be respectively entitled.

Voting Rights

Holders of any preferred shares issued pursuant to this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement will have the voting rights set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.

Conversion Rights

The terms and conditions, if any, upon which any series of preferred shares issued pursuant to this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement is convertible into common shares, preferred shares or other securities will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. Such terms will include the number of securities into which the preferred shares are convertible, the conversion price (or manner of calculation thereof), the conversion period, conversion triggers and the events requiring an adjustment of the conversion price.

Limited Liability of Shareholders

As discussed above under “Description of Common Shares—Limited Liability of Shareholders,” our Trust Agreement provides that shareholders, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, are not liable for any act, omission or liability of a trustee and that our trustees have no general power to bind shareholders personally. Notwithstanding the foregoing, there may be liability in some jurisdictions that may decline to recognize a business trust as a valid organization. With respect to all types of claims in such jurisdictions, and with respect to tort claims, certain contract claims and possible tax claims in jurisdictions where the business trust is treated as a partnership for certain purposes, shareholders may be personally liable for such obligations to the extent that we do not satisfy such claims. In jurisdictions other than the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, we conduct substantially all of our business through entities recognized in the relevant jurisdiction to limit the liability of equity owners. We carry insurance in amounts which the trustees deem adequate to cover foreseeable claims.

Restrictions on Ownership

As discussed above under “Description of Common Shares—Restrictions on Ownership,” for us to qualify as a REIT under the Code, not more than 50% in value of our outstanding shares, including any preferred shares, may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Code to include certain entities) during the last half of a taxable year. To assist us in meeting this requirement, we may take certain actions to limit the beneficial ownership, directly or indirectly, by a single person of our outstanding equity securities, including any preferred shares. Therefore, the terms of each series of preferred shares may contain provisions restricting the ownership and transfer of preferred shares.

Registrar and Transfer Agent

The Registrar and Transfer Agent for the preferred shares will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.

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DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES

The following is a general description of the debt securities that we may issue from time to time. The particular terms relating to each debt security, which may be different from or in addition to the terms described below, will be set forth in a prospectus supplement relating to such securities.

The debt securities will be our direct obligations. The senior debt securities will rank equally with all of our other senior and unsubordinated debt. The senior subordinated debt securities will have a junior position to all of our senior debt. The subordinated debt securities will have a junior position to all of our senior debt and all of our senior subordinated debt. The senior debt securities will be issued under a senior debt indenture, the senior subordinated debt securities will be issued under a senior subordinated debt indenture, and the subordinated debt securities will be issued under a subordinated debt indenture. The indentures will be qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended. The type and series of the debt securities we offer under this prospectus may be limited by the other debt instruments to which we are a party at the time of the offering.

We have summarized below the material provisions of the debt securities we may offer. The summary is not complete and is subject in all respects to the provisions of, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, the forms of indenture which are filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. The relevant indenture, together with any supplemental indenture, will govern any debt securities issued in conjunction with that prospectus supplement.

General

No Limit on Debt Amounts. The indentures do not limit the amount of debt that can be issued under the indentures. These amounts will be set from time to time by our board of trustees.

Prospectus Supplements. The applicable prospectus supplement will summarize the specific terms for the debt securities and the related offering including, with respect to each series of debt securities, some or all of the following:

• title of the securities;

• offering price;

• any limit on the amount that may be issued;

• maturity date(s);

• interest rate or the method of computing the interest rate;

• dates on which interest will accrue, or how the dates will be determined, the interest payment dates and any related record dates;

• the place or places where debt securities may be surrendered for registration of transfer or for exchange, where notices and demands to or upon us in respect of the debt securities and the indentures may be served and where notices to holders will be published;

• terms and conditions on which the debt securities may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at our option;

• date(s) or event(s), if any, on or upon which, and the price(s) at which we are obligated to redeem, or at the holder’s option to purchase, in whole or in part, the debt securities and related terms and provisions;

• details of any required sinking fund payments;

• any index, formula or other method by which payments on the debt securities will be determined, and any special voting or defeasance provisions in connection with a determination, if the amount of payments are to be determined with reference to an index, formula or other method;

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• the persons to whom payments of interest will be made;

• any provisions granting special rights to holders when a specified event occurs;

• any changes to or additional events of default or covenants;

• any special tax implications of the debt securities; including under what circumstances, if any, and with what procedures and documentation we will pay additional amounts on the debt securities held by a non-U.S. person in respect of taxes, assessments or similar charges withheld or deducted and, if so, the terms related to any option we will have to redeem those debt securities rather than pay those additional amounts;

• whether or not the debt securities will be issued in global form and who the depository will be;

• any restrictions on the registration, transfer or exchange of the debt securities;

• terms, if any, on which a series of debt securities may be convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for our common shares, preferred shares, depository shares or other debt securities, including provisions as to whether conversion, exercise or exchange is mandatory, at the option of the holder or at our option;

• if the debt securities are convertible, exercisable or exchangeable, the events or circumstances which will result in adjustments to the conversion, exercise or exchange price and the formulae for determining the adjusted price;

• whether the debt securities are secured or unsecured, and if secured, the amount and form of the security and related terms;

• subordination terms of any senior subordinated debt securities and subordinated debt securities; and

• any other terms that are not inconsistent with the indenture applicable to a series of debt securities.

Unless otherwise provided in an applicable indenture relating to debt securities, the debt securities will be issued only in fully registered form, without coupons, in denominations of $1,000 or any integral multiple thereof.

A series of debt securities may be issued under the relevant indenture as original issue discount securities, which are securities that are offered and sold at a substantial discount from their stated principal amount. In addition, debt securities offered and sold at their stated principal amount may, under some circumstances, pursuant to applicable Treasury Regulations, be treated as issued at an original issue discount for federal income tax purposes. Federal income tax consequences and other special considerations applicable to any such original issue discount securities (or other debt securities treated as issued at an original issue discount) will be described in the prospectus supplement relating to those securities.

Unless otherwise provided in an applicable prospectus supplement, none of the debt securities will be subject to any mandatory redemption or sinking fund payments.

Information Concerning the Trustee. The prospectus supplement with respect to a particular series of debt securities will describe any relationship that we may have with the trustee at the time the debt securities are offered. We may also maintain bank accounts, borrow money and have other customary banking or investment banking relationships with the trustee, or its affiliates, in the ordinary course of business.

Covenants

We will agree in the indentures to:

• pay the principal, interest and any premium on the debt securities when due;

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• prepare and file or deliver certain reports, as more fully specified in the relevant indenture, with the trustee under the relevant indenture, the SEC, and/or registered holders of debt securities, as the case may be;

• deliver to the trustee under the relevant indenture, as more fully specified in that indenture, officers’ certificates relating to our compliance under the relevant indenture and the occurrence of any default or event of default under that indenture;

• unless our board of trustees determines that it is no longer desirable in the conduct of our business and the business of our significant subsidiaries, taken as a whole, and that there will be no adverse impact in any material respect to the holders of debt securities, subject to those exceptions as more fully specified in the relevant indenture, do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect:

• our existence as a business trust, and the corporate, partnership or other existence of each of our significant subsidiaries, in accordance with their respective organizational documents;

• the rights, licenses and franchises of us and certain of our subsidiaries; and

• not at any time seek application of any applicable stay, extension or usury law that may affect the covenants or the performance under the indentures.

Events of Default

The following are events of default under a series of debt securities:

• we fail to pay the principal, any premium, if any, or any sinking fund payment when due;

• we fail to pay interest on any debt securities of that series within 30 days following the due date;

• we fail to observe or perform any other covenant, representation, warranty or other agreement in the indenture and that failure continues for 60 days after we receive notice of such failure; and

• certain events of bankruptcy or insolvency occur, whether voluntary or not.

The prospectus supplement for a particular series may describe additional or different events of default that apply to that series. An event of default with respect to one series of debt securities does not necessarily constitute an event of default with respect to any other series of debt securities.

If a default or an event of default occurs and is continuing, and if a responsible officer of the trustee under the indenture has actual knowledge thereof, the trustee will mail to the holders of senior debt securities of the affected series a notice to that effect within 90 days after it occurs. Except in the case of a default in the payment of principal or interest, the trustee may withhold notice if and so long as a committee of the trustee’s responsible officers in good faith determines that withholding the notice is in the interests of the holders.

If an event of default with respect to one or more series of debt securities under any of the indentures occurs and is continuing, the trustee or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding debt securities issued under such indenture of all series with respect to which the event of default occurs and is continuing, treating all those series as a single class, may declare the principal of, premium, if any, and accrued and unpaid interest of all such debt securities of those series to be immediately due and payable. The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding debt securities of all series covered by such declaration may annul or rescind the declaration and any related payment default that resulted from the declaration, but not any other payment default. Certain events of bankruptcy and insolvency will result in all outstanding debt securities becoming due and payable immediately without any further action on the part of the trustee or the holders.

The indentures entitle the trustee to be indemnified by the holders before proceeding to exercise any right or power at the request of any of the holders.

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The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding securities under a given indenture of all series with respect to which an event of default occurs and is continuing, treating all those series as a single class, may direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee or exercising any trust power conferred on it, except that:

• the direction cannot conflict with any law or regulation or the indenture;

• the trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the trustee that is not inconsistent with the direction; and

• the trustee need not take any action that might subject it to personal liability or be unduly prejudicial to the holders of the senior debt securities not joining in the action.

A holder may pursue a remedy directly under the indenture, but, before doing so, the following must occur:

• the holder must give to the trustee written notice that an event of default has occurred and is continuing;

• the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the then outstanding debt securities of all affected series under such indenture, treating all those series as a single class, must make a written request to the trustee to pursue the remedy;

• the holder, or holders, must offer and, if requested, provide to the trustee an indemnity satisfactory to the trustee against any loss, liability or expense from the taking of the action;

• the trustee does not comply with the request within 60 days after receipt of the request and offer and, if requested, the provision of indemnity; and

• during the 60 day period, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding debt securities of all those series, treating all those series as a single class, do not give the trustee a direction inconsistent with the written request.

However, holders have an absolute right to receipt of principal, premium, if any, and interest on or after the respective due dates and to institute suit for the enforcement of those payments. The right of a holder of debt securities to bring suit for the enforcement of any payments of principal, premium, if any, and interest on debt securities on or after the respective due dates may not be impaired or affected without the consent of that holder.

The holders of a majority in principal amount of the debt securities then outstanding of all affected series under an indenture, treating all such series as a single class, may by notice to the trustee on behalf of all holders of such debt securities waive any past defaults, except:

• a continuing default in payment of the principal of, premium, if any, or interest on, or any sinking fund payment on, debt securities of the series; and

• a continuing default in respect of a covenant or provision of the indenture that cannot be amended or modified without the consent of each holder of debt securities affected.

We will periodically file statements with the trustees regarding our compliance with covenants in the indentures.

Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets

We will not consolidate with or merge into any other entity or transfer all or substantially all of our assets unless:

• we are the surviving entity, or the surviving entity is an entity organized under the laws of the United States, any state of the United States or the District of Columbia;

• the successor or surviving entity assumes all of our obligations under the debt securities and the indentures pursuant to supplemental indentures in forms reasonably satisfactory to the trustee(s) under the relevant indentures; and

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• immediately after the consolidation, merger or transfer, no event of default under the relevant indenture and no event that, after notice or lapse of time or both, would become an event of default, will have happened and be continuing.

Upon any such consolidation, merger or transfer of all or substantially all of our assets, the successor will be substituted for us under the indenture and we will be relieved of all obligations and covenants under the indenture and the debt securities, but we will not be relieved of the obligation to pay the principal of and interest on the debt securities, except in the case of a sale of all of our assets that meets the requirements stated in the immediately preceding paragraph.

Satisfaction and Discharge

Upon our request, the relevant indenture will no longer be effective with respect to any series for almost all purposes if either:

• all outstanding securities of that series have been delivered to the trustee for cancellation, we have paid all sums payable in respect of that series and we have delivered to the trustee a certificate and opinion of legal counsel that all conditions precedent to satisfaction and discharge have been fulfilled; or

• the only securities that remain outstanding have, or within one year will, become due and payable or are to be called for redemption, we have deposited with the trustee funds that are sufficient to make all future payments, no default or event of default will have occurred and be continuing on the date of that deposit and that deposit will not result in a breach of any other instrument by which we are bound, we have paid all other sums payable in respect of that series, and we have delivered to the trustee a certificate and opinion of counsel that all conditions precedent to satisfaction and discharge have been fulfilled.

Legal Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance

Under each indenture, we may elect with respect to a series of debt securities at our option and subject to the satisfaction of the conditions described below, either:

• to be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness represented by the outstanding debt securities of the applicable series and to have satisfied all of our other obligations under the debt securities of the applicable series and under the provisions of the relevant indenture, which we refer to as legal defeasance; or

• to be released from some of our obligations under the relevant indenture as well as other obligations specified in any board resolutions, officer’s certificate or supplemental indenture, which we refer to as covenant defeasance.

We can exercise legal or covenant defeasance if we put in place the following arrangements:

• we must irrevocably deposit with the applicable indenture trustee (or another trustee meeting certain eligibility requirements and agreeing to be bound by the applicable provisions of the relevant indenture), in trust, for the benefit of the holders of the applicable series of debt securities:

• cash in United States dollars;

• non-callable and non-redeemable direct obligations of the United States of America or of an agency or instrumentality controlled or supervised by the United States of America, in each instance, the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation of the United States of America; or

• a combination of the foregoing that, in each case, is sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants, to pay the principal of, interest and premium,

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if any, on the outstanding debt securities of the applicable series on their stated maturity or applicable redemption date, as the case may be, and any mandatory sinking fund payments applicable to that particular series of the debt securities on the day on which the payments are due;

• we must deliver to the trustee an opinion of counsel confirming that the holders of the outstanding securities of the applicable series will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of the defeasance;

• no default or event of default shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of the deposit of the amounts to be held in trust for the benefit of the holders (other than a default or event of default resulting from the borrowing of funds to be applied to the deposit) or in the case of any insolvency-related defaults, at any time in the period ending on the 91st day after the date of the deposit (or greater period of time in which any such deposit of trust funds may remain subject to bankruptcy or insolvency laws that apply to the deposit by us); and

• we must deliver to the trustee an officers’ certificate and an opinion of counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent provided for or relating to legal defeasance or covenant defeasance, as the case may be, have been complied with.

After satisfying the conditions for legal defeasance, the applicable debt securities will be deemed outstanding only for limited purposes as more fully set forth in the relevant indenture. After legal defeasance, the holders of outstanding debt securities will have to rely solely on the deposits we make to the trust for repayment on the debt securities.

After satisfying the conditions for covenant defeasance, the debt securities of the applicable series will be deemed not outstanding for the purposes of the covenants from which we have been released, but will continue to be deemed outstanding for all other purposes under the relevant indenture.

The applicable prospectus supplement may further describe additional provisions, if any, permitting legal defeasance or covenant defeasance, including any modifications to the provisions described above, with respect to the debt securities of or within a particular series.

Global Securities

Unless otherwise specified in a prospectus supplement relating to a particular series of debt securities, debt securities will be issued in the form of one or more fully registered global securities that will be deposited with and registered in the name of a depositary or with a nominee for a depositary identified in the prospectus supplement. The specific terms of the depositary arrangement with respect to any debt securities to be represented by a registered global security will be described in the prospectus supplement. We anticipate that the description below will apply to all depositary arrangements.

Ownership of beneficial interests in a registered global security will be limited to persons that have accounts with the depositary for such registered global security (“participants”) or persons that may hold interests through participants. Upon the issuance of a registered global security, the depositary will credit, on its book-entry registration and transfer system, the participants’ accounts with the principal amounts of the debt securities represented by the registered global security beneficially owned by such participants. Ownership of beneficial interests in such registered global security will be shown on, and the transfer of such ownership interests will be effected, only through records maintained by the depositary for such registered global security or on the records of participants for interests of persons holding through participants.

So long as the depositary for a registered global security, or its nominee, is the registered owner of a registered global security, the depositary or the nominee will be considered the sole owner or holder of the debt securities

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represented by the registered global security for all purposes. Except as set forth below, owners of beneficial interests in a registered global security will not:

• be entitled to have the debt securities represented by such registered global security registered in their names;

• receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of such debt securities in definitive forms; and

• be considered the owners or holders of the debt securities.

Accordingly, each person owning a beneficial interest in a registered global security will have to rely on the procedures of the depositary for such registered global security and, if such person is not a participant, on the procedures of the participant through which such person owns its interest, to exercise any rights of a holder under the applicable indenture. We understand that under existing industry practices, if we request any action of holders, or if an owner of a beneficial interest in a registered global security desires to take any action that a holder is entitled to take under the applicable indenture, the depositary would authorize the participants holding the relevant beneficial interests to take such action, and such participants would authorize beneficial owners owning through such participants to take such action.

Principal, premium, if any, and interest payments on debt securities represented by a registered global security registered in the name of a depositary or its nominee will be made to such depositary or its nominee, as the case may be, as the registered owner of such registered global security. Neither we nor the trustee will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in such registered global security.

We expect that the depositary for any debt securities represented by a registered global security, upon receipt of any payment of principal, premium or interest, will immediately credit participants’ accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in such registered global security as shown on the records of such depositary. We also expect that payments by participants to owners of beneficial interests in such a registered global security held by the participants will be governed by standing customer instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in “street name.”

We may at any time, in our sole discretion, determine not to have any of the debt securities of a series represented by one or more registered global securities and, in such event, will issue debt securities of such series in certificated form in exchange for all of the registered global security or securities representing such debt securities. Any debt securities issued in certificated form in exchange for a registered global security will be registered in such name or names as the depositary shall instruct the relevant trustee. We expect that such instructions will be based upon directions received by the depositary from participants with respect to ownership of beneficial interests in such registered global security.

Ranking and Subordination

Ranking

Unless otherwise specified in a prospectus supplement relating to a series of debt securities, the senior debt securities will constitute part of our senior debt and rank equally with all our other senior debt that is unsecured (and will effectively rank junior to any secured debt). The senior debt securities will be senior to our senior subordinated debt and subordinated debt.

The senior subordinated debt securities will rank senior to any subordinated debt securities and will be subordinated and junior in right of payment to any senior debt securities issued by us, as well as certain other indebtedness incurred by us to the extent set forth in the applicable indenture and described in the prospectus supplement relating to a series of senior subordinated debt securities.

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The subordinated debt securities will be subordinated and junior in right of payment to any senior debt securities and senior subordinated debt securities issued by us, as well as certain other indebtedness incurred by us to the extent set forth in the prospectus supplement.

Subordination

Unless an applicable prospectus supplement indicates otherwise, the following provisions will apply to the senior subordinated debt securities:

Our obligations under the senior subordinated debt securities will be subordinated in right of payment to our obligations under our senior debt. For this purpose, “senior debt” generally includes any indebtedness that does not expressly provide that it is on a parity with or subordinated in right of payment to the senior subordinated debt securities. Specifically, senior debt includes obligations under any credit facility with banks or other institutional lenders and obligations under the senior debt securities described in this prospectus. Senior debt will not include:

• any liability for federal, state, local or other taxes;

• any indebtedness to any of our subsidiaries or other affiliates;

• any trade payables;

• any indebtedness that we may incur in violation of the senior subordinated or any subordinated indenture; or

• obligations under any subordinated debt securities.

If we distribute our assets to creditors upon any dissolution, winding-up, liquidation or reorganization or in bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership or similar proceedings, we must first pay all amounts due or to become due on all senior debt before we pay the principal of, or any premium or interest on, the senior subordinated debt securities.

We may not make any payment on the senior subordinated debt securities if a default in the payment of the principal, premium, if any, interest or other obligations, including a default under any repurchase or redemption obligation in respect of designated senior debt, occurs and continues beyond any applicable grace period. We may not make any payment on the senior subordinated debt securities if any other default occurs and continues with respect to designated senior debt that permits holders of the designated senior debt to accelerate its maturity and the trustee receives a notice of default from us, a holder of designated senior debt or other person permitted to give notice. We may not resume payments on the senior subordinated debt securities until the defaults are cured or specified time periods pass, unless the maturity of the senior debt is actually accelerated.

The term “designated senior debt” means our obligations under any particular senior debt if the amount of that senior debt is at least the amount specified in the applicable prospectus supplement and the debt instrument expressly provides that the senior debt will be designated senior debt with respect to the senior subordinated debt securities.

We expect that the terms of some of our senior debt will provide that an event of default under the senior subordinated debt securities or an acceleration of their maturity will constitute an event of default under the senior debt. In that case, if the maturity of the senior subordinated debt securities is accelerated because of an event of default, we may not make any payment on the senior subordinated debt securities until we have paid all senior debt or the acceleration has been rescinded. If the payment of the senior subordinated debt securities is accelerated because of an event of default, we must promptly notify the holders of senior debt of the acceleration.

If we experience a bankruptcy, dissolution or reorganization, holders of senior debt may receive more, ratably, and holders of the senior subordinated debt securities may receive less, ratably, than our other creditors.

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The indenture for senior subordinated debt securities may not limit our ability to incur additional senior debt.

The subordination provisions may not be amended in a manner adverse to the holders of the senior subordinated debt securities without the consent of the holders of at least 75% of the aggregate principal amount of senior subordinated debt securities then outstanding affected by the amendment, voting as a single class.

Unless the prospectus supplement indicates otherwise, the subordination provisions of the subordinated debt securities will be the same as those of the senior subordinated debt securities just described, with the following exceptions:

• “senior debt” will include our obligations under the senior subordinated debt securities, as well as under the other debt specified above; and

• different series of subordinated debt securities may rank senior to other series. In that case, our obligations under the higher-ranking series of subordinated debt will be “senior debt” in relation to the lower-ranking series.

Modifications and Amendments

Except as provided below, or more fully specified in the relevant indenture and described in the applicable prospectus supplement, the indentures may be amended or supplemented by us and the trustee with the consent of holders of a majority in principal amount of all series of debt securities affected by the amendment or supplement, treating all such series as a single class. In addition, the record holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of all series affected by the waiver, treating all such series as a single class, may, with respect to those series, waive defaults under, or compliance with, the provisions of the indenture. Some amendments or waivers, however, require the consent of each affected holder of any debt security affected. Without the consent of each holder, an amendment or waiver may not:

• reduce the principal amount of the debt securities of any series whose holders must consent to an amendment, supplement or waiver;

• reduce the principal or change the fixed maturity of the principal of, premium, if any, or mandatory sinking fund obligation, if any, of any debt securities of any series or alter the provisions with respect to the redemption of the debt securities;

• reduce the rate, or change the time for payment, of interest, including default interest, on any debt security of any series;

• waive a default or event of default in the payment of principal of, or interest or premium on, the debt securities of any series, except a rescission of acceleration of the debt securities by the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the debt securities of any series and a waiver of the payment default that resulted from that acceleration;

• make any debt security of any series payable in currency other than that stated in the debt securities of that series;

• make any change in the provisions of the indenture relating to waivers of past defaults or the rights of the holders of debt securities to receive payments of principal of or interest or premium on the debt securities;

• waive a redemption payment with respect to any debt security;

• make any change in the right of any holders of debt securities regarding waivers of defaults or impair or affect the right of any holder of a debt security of any series to receive payment of principal, premium, if any, and interest on that security on or after the due date expressed in that security or to bring suit for the enforcement of any payment on or after the due date; or

• make any change in the above amendment and waiver provisions.

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We and the trustee under the relevant indenture may amend or supplement the indenture or the debt securities issued thereunder without the consent of any holder:

• to evidence the succession of another person to us, or successive successions, and the assumption by the successors of our covenants, agreements and obligations under the indenture;

• to add other covenants, restrictions or conditions for the protection of the holders of all or any series of debt securities under the indenture;

• to add events of default;

• to provide for the issuance of debt securities in coupon form and to provide for exchangeability of those debt securities in fully registered form;

• to provide for the issuance of and to establish the form, terms and conditions of debt securities of any series;

• to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment by a successor trustee and to add or change any of the provisions of the indenture necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts under the indenture by more than one trustee;

• to cure any ambiguity, or to correct or supplement any provision in the indenture that might be defective or inconsistent with any other provision contained in the indenture or in any supplemental indenture, or to make any other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under that indenture, so long as the interests of holders of debt securities are not adversely affected in any material respect under that indenture;

• to add guarantees with respect to any debt securities;

• to secure any debt securities;

• to comply with the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, to effect or maintain the qualification of the indenture under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, or to comply with the rules of any applicable securities depositary; or

• to make any change that does not adversely affect the rights of any holder.

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DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS

The following description describes the general terms and provisions of the warrants to which any prospectus supplement may relate. The prospectus supplement relating to the warrants will describe the particular terms of the warrants and the extent, if any, to which these general provisions may apply to the warrants offered.

We may issue warrants to purchase common shares, preferred shares debt securities, depositary shares or any combination thereof. Each series of warrants will be issued under a separate warrant agreement to be entered into between a warrant agent and us. The warrant agent will act solely as our agent in connection with the warrants of any series and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency for or with holders or beneficial owners of the warrants.

The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms of any warrants and the related offering, including the following:

• the title of the warrants;

• the aggregate number of the warrants;

• the price or prices at which the warrants will be issued;

• the designation and terms of the underlying securities issuable upon exercise of the warrants and the number or aggregate principal amount of such underlying securities;

• the price or prices at which the securities underlying the warrants may be purchased;

• the date on which the right to exercise the warrants will commence and the date on which the right shall expire;

• if applicable, the minimum or maximum amount of the warrants which may be exercised at any one time;

• if applicable, the date on and after which the warrants and the underlying securities will be separately transferable;

• information with respect to book-entry procedures, if any;

• if applicable, a discussion of certain United States federal income tax considerations;

• the procedures and conditions relating to the exercise of the warrants; and

• any other terms of or information about the warrants.

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DESCRIPTION OF RIGHTS

We may issue rights to our shareholders for the purchase of common shares or other securities. Each series of rights will be issued under a separate rights agreement to be entered into between us and a bank or trust company, as rights agent, specified in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to that particular issue of rights. The rights agent will act solely as our agent in connection with the rights of any series and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust for or with any holders or beneficial owners of rights. The rights agreement and the rights certificates relating to each series of rights will be filed with the SEC and incorporated by reference as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.

The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms of the rights to be issued including, where applicable, the following:

• the date for determining the shareholders entitled to rights issued in the offering;

• the aggregate number of common shares or other securities purchasable upon exercise of such rights and the exercise price;

• the aggregate number of rights being issued;

• the date, if any, on and after which such rights may be separately transferrable;

• the date on which the right to exercise such rights shall commence and the date on which such rights shall expire;

• a discussion of certain United States federal income tax considerations; and

• any other terms of such rights, including the terms, procedures, and limitations relating to distribution, exchange and exercise of such rights.

Rights shall be exercisable for United States dollars only and will be in registered form only.

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DESCRIPTION OF DEPOSITARY SHARES

We describe in this section the general terms of depositary shares. We will describe the specific terms of any depositary shares issued in a prospectus supplement. The following description of the deposit agreement, the depositary shares and the depositary receipts is only a summary and you should refer to the forms of the deposit agreement and depositary receipt that will be filed with the SEC in connection with any particular offering of depositary shares.

General

We may offer fractional interests in preferred shares, rather than full preferred shares. In that case, we will provide for the issuance by a depositary to investors of receipts for depositary shares, each representing a fractional interest in a share of a particular series of preferred shares. The depositary shares will be evidenced by depositary receipts issued under the depositary agreement. For a description of our preferred shares, see “Description of Preferred Shares of Beneficial Interest.”

The preferred shares underlying the depositary shares will be deposited under a deposit agreement between us and the depositary. The depositary will be identified in the applicable prospectus supplement. Subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, each owner of a depositary share will have a fractional interest in all the rights and preferences of the preferred shares underlying such depositary share. Those rights include any dividend, voting, redemption, conversion and liquidation rights.

Dividends and Other Distributions

The depositary will distribute all cash dividends, if any, and other cash distributions, if any, received in respect of the preferred shares to the record holders of depositary shares representing the preferred shares in proportion to the number of depositary shares owned by such holders on the relevant record date.

If there is a distribution other than in cash, the depositary will distribute property received by it to the record holders of depositary shares entitled thereto in proportion to the number of depositary shares owned by such holders on the relevant record date, unless the depositary determines that it is not feasible to make such distribution, in which case the depositary may, with our approval, sell such property and distribute the net proceeds from such sale to such holders.

No distribution will be made in respect of any depositary share to the extent that it represents any preferred shares converted into Excess Shares.

Withdrawal

Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement and unless the related depositary shares have been called for redemption (or the underlying preferred shares have been converted into Excess Shares), if you surrender depositary receipts at the principal office of the depositary, then you will be entitled to receive the number of whole or fractional preferred shares and any money or other property represented by such depositary shares. Holders of preferred shares received in exchange for depositary shares will no longer be entitled to deposit those shares under the deposit agreement or to receive depositary shares in exchange for those preferred shares. If the depositary receipts delivered by the holder evidence a number of depositary shares in excess of the number of depositary shares representing the number of preferred shares being withdrawn, the depositary will deliver to the holder a new depositary receipt evidencing such excess number of depositary shares.

Redemption of Depositary Shares

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, neither the depositary shares nor the series of preferred shares underlying the depositary shares will be convertible or exchangeable into any other class or series of our securities.

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If the series of the preferred shares underlying the depositary shares is subject to redemption, the depositary shares will be redeemed from the redemption proceeds, in whole or in part, of the series of the preferred shares held by the depositary. The redemption price per depositary share will bear the same relationship to the redemption price per share of preferred shares that the depositary share bears to the underlying preferred shares. Whenever we redeem preferred shares held by the depositary, the depositary will redeem, as of the same date, the number of depositary shares representing the preferred shares redeemed. If less than all the depositary shares are to be redeemed, the depositary shares to be redeemed will be selected by lot or pro rata as determined by the depositary.

Voting the Preferred Shares

Upon receipt of notice of any meeting at which the holders of the preferred shares are entitled to vote, the depositary will mail information about the meeting contained in the notice to the record holders of the depositary shares relating to the preferred shares. Each record holder of the depositary shares on the record date (which will be the same date as the record date for the preferred shares) will be entitled to instruct the depositary as to how the preferred shares underlying the holder’s depositary shares should be voted. The depositary will be required to vote, insofar as practicable, the number of preferred shares represented by such depositary shares in accordance with such instructions, and we will agree to take all action that the depositary deems necessary in order to enable the depositary to do so. The depositary will abstain from voting preferred shares to the extent it does not receive specific instructions from the holders of depositary shares representing such preferred shares. The depositary will not be responsible for any failure to carry out any instruction to vote, or for the manner or effect of any such vote made, as long as any such action or non-action is in good faith and does not result from the depositary’s negligence or willful misconduct.

Liquidation Preference

In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, whether voluntary or involuntary, the holders of each depositary receipt will be entitled to the fraction of the liquidation preference, if any, accorded each preferred share represented by the depositary share evidenced by such depositary receipt, as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.

Amendment and Termination of the Deposit Agreement

We may amend the form of depositary receipt evidencing the depositary shares and any provision of the deposit agreement by agreement with the depositary at any time. However, any amendment that materially and adversely alters the rights of the holders of depositary receipts of a particular series or class will not be effective unless such amendment has been approved by the holders of depositary receipts representing at least a majority of the depositary shares of such series or class then outstanding. Additionally, in the case of amendments relating to or affecting rights to receive dividends or distributions or voting or redemption rights, approval is also required by the holders of depositary receipts representing not less than a specified percentage or all of the depositary shares of such series or class then outstanding, as provided in the applicable prospectus supplement. No amendment shall impair the right, subject to certain exceptions in the depositary agreement, of any holder of depositary receipts to surrender the depositary receipt with instructions to deliver to the holder the related preferred shares and all money and other property, if any, represented thereby, except in order to comply with law.

Unless otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus supplement, we may terminate the deposit agreement upon not less than 30 days’ prior written notice to the depositary if: (1) such termination is necessary to assist in maintaining our status as a REIT or (2) a majority of each series of preferred shares affected by such termination consents to such termination, whereupon the depositary shall deliver or make available to each holder of depositary receipts, upon surrender of the depositary receipts held by such holder, such number of whole or fractional preferred shares as are represented by the depositary shares evidenced by such depositary receipts,

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together with any other property held by the depositary with respect to such depositary receipts. In addition, the deposit agreement may be terminated by us or the depositary if:

• all outstanding depositary shares relating to the deposit agreement have been redeemed or converted into or exchanged for other securities;

• there has been a final distribution on the preferred shares underlying the depositary shares relating to the deposit agreement in connection with our liquidation, dissolution or winding up and the distribution has been made to the holders of the related depositary shares evidenced by depositary receipts; or

• the holders of depositary receipts representing not less than a specified majority of the outstanding depositary shares relating to the deposit agreement have consented to such termination.

Charges of Depositary

We will pay all transfer and other taxes and governmental charges arising solely from the existence of the depositary arrangements. We also will pay charges of the depositary in connection with the initial deposit of the related class or series of preferred shares and any redemption of such preferred shares. Holders of depositary receipts will pay all other transfer and other taxes and governmental charges, and such other charges as are expressly provided in the deposit agreement for their accounts.

The depositary may refuse to effect any transfer of a depositary receipt or any withdrawal of shares of a class or series of preferred shares evidenced thereby until all such taxes and charges with respect to such depositary receipt or such preferred shares are paid by the holders thereof.

Resignation and Removal of Depositary

The depositary may resign at any time by delivering to us notice of its election to do so, and we may at any time remove the depositary, any such resignation or removal to take effect upon the appointment of a successor depositary. A successor depositary must be appointed within 60 days after delivery of the notice of resignation or removal.

Miscellaneous

The depositary will forward to the holders of depositary receipts all reports and communications that we must furnish to the holders of the preferred shares.

Neither we nor the depositary will be liable for any damages if, by law or any circumstance beyond our control, either of us is prevented or delayed in performing our respective obligations under the deposit agreement. Our obligations and the depositary’s obligations under the deposit agreement will be limited to performance in good faith of the duties set forth in the deposit agreement. Neither we nor the depositary will be obligated to prosecute or defend any legal proceeding connected with any depositary shares or preferred shares unless satisfactory indemnity is furnished. We and the depositary may rely upon written advice of counsel or accountants, or upon information provided by persons presenting preferred shares for deposit, holders of depositary shares or other persons believed to be competent, and on documents believed to be genuine.

In the event that the depositary receives conflicting claims, requests or instructions from us and any holders of depositary receipts, the preferred share depositary will be entitled to act on such claims, requests or instructions received from us.

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DESCRIPTION OF UNITS

We may issue units consisting of any combination of the securities registered by the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms of any units including the following:

• the terms of the units and each of the securities included in the units, including whether and under what circumstances the securities included in the units may or may not be traded separately;

• the terms of any unit agreement governing the units;

• if applicable, a discussion of certain United Stated federal income tax considerations; and

• the provisions for the payment, settlement, transfer or exchange of the units.

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CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF OUR TRUST AGREEMENT AND BY-LAWS

The following summary of certain provisions of our Trust Agreement and By-laws is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to our Trust Agreement and By-laws, copies of which are incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. See “Where You Can Find More Information; Incorporation By Reference.”

Ownership Limits and Restrictions on Transferability

In order to protect our status as a REIT, no more than 50% of the value of our outstanding shares (including common shares and preferred shares and after taking into account options to acquire shares) may be owned, directly or constructively, by five or fewer individuals and the shares must be beneficially owned by 100 or more persons during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months or during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year. To assist us in satisfying these tests, subject to some exceptions, our Trust Agreement prohibits any shareholder from owning more than 9.9% of our outstanding common shares (exclusive of preferred shares) or more than 9.9% of any class or series of preferred shares. Our Trust Agreement also prohibits transfers of shares that would cause a shareholder to exceed the 9.9% limit or cause us to be beneficially owned by fewer than 100 persons. Our board of trustees may exempt a person from the 9.9% ownership limit if our board receives a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service or an opinion of counsel or tax accountants that exceeding the 9.9% ownership limit as to that person would not jeopardize our status as a REIT. Absent an exemption, this restriction may discourage a tender offer or other transaction or change in management or control that might involve a premium price for our shares or otherwise be in the best interests of our shareholders.

Term of Office of Members of the Board of Trustees

We do not have a classified board. Trustees are elected at our annual meeting of shareholders and serve until the subsequent annual meeting of shareholders and until their respective successors have been duly elected and have qualified.

Multiple Classes and Series of Shares of Beneficial Interest

Our Trust Agreement permits our board of trustees to create and issue multiple classes and series of shares, including classes and series of preferred shares having preferences to the existing shares on any matter, including rights in liquidation or to dividends and conversion rights (including shareholder rights plans), and other securities having conversion rights, and may authorize the creation and issuance by our subsidiaries and affiliates of securities having conversion rights in respect of our shares. Our Trust Agreement further provides that the terms of such rights or other securities may provide for disparate treatment of certain holders or groups of holders of such rights or other securities. Our issuance of such rights or preferred shares could delay or prevent someone from acquiring control of us, even if a change in control were in the best interests of our shareholders.

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DESCRIPTION OF THE PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT OF PREIT ASSOCIATES, L.P.

The following is a summary of material provisions in the partnership agreement of PREIT Associates, L.P., our operating partnership.

General

We are the sole general partner of our operating partnership. When our Company was organized on September 30, 1997, we contributed to our operating partnership, or to entities wholly owned by our operating partnership, the real estate interests that we owned, directly or indirectly, or the economic benefits of those real estate interests, in exchange for a general partnership interest in our operating partnership and a number of partnership units that equaled, in the aggregate, the number of common shares issued and outstanding on September 30, 1997.

Management

Under the partnership agreement, we, as the sole general partner, have the authority, to the exclusion of the limited partners, to make all management decisions on our operating partnership’s behalf. In addition, we, as general partner, may cause our operating partnership to create and issue additional classes of limited or preferred partner interests with terms different from the limited partner and general partner interests currently outstanding. We have agreed in the partnership agreement to conduct substantially all of our business activities through our operating partnership unless a majority in interest of the partnership units (exclusive of partnership units that we own) consent to the conduct of business activities outside of our operating partnership.

Authorization of Partnership Units and Voting Rights

The partnership agreement authorizes the issuance of an unlimited number of partnership units in one or more classes. Holders of the partnership units are entitled to distributions from our operating partnership as and when made by us as the general partner. We are required to make distributions on the partnership units that we hold directly or indirectly at the times and in the amounts required to allow us to make distributions to our shareholders necessary to preserve our status as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. As such, we anticipate that the other holders of partnership units will receive those distributions at the approximate time, and in the same amounts, as we declare and pay dividends to our shareholders.

Holders of partnership units generally have no right to vote on any matter voted on by holders of our shares except that, before the date on which at least half of the partnership units issued on September 30, 1997 in connection with our organization have been redeemed, the holders of the partnership units issued and outstanding on September 30, 1997 are entitled to vote those partnership units and additional partnership units that they may have received and may receive in the future in transactions that were the subject of the September 30, 1997 issuance, along with our shareholders as a single class, on any proposal to merge, consolidate, or sell substantially all of our assets. Our partnership units are not included for purposes of determining when half of the partnership units issued and outstanding on September 30, 1997 have been redeemed, nor are they counted as votes. If the holders of our shares vote on such a transaction, and holders of the partnership units are entitled to vote on the transaction, then each covered partnership unit will be entitled to one vote for each share issuable by us upon the redemption of such partnership unit and the necessary vote to effect such action shall be the sum of an absolute majority of the outstanding partnership units entitled to vote on such matter and the applicable vote of the holders of our outstanding shares. The required aggregate vote may be met by any combination of holders of our partnership units or shares.

The partnership agreement also provides that our operating partnership may not engage in a fundamental transaction (e.g., any merger) unless, by the terms of the fundamental transaction, the partnership units are treated in the same manner as that number of shares for which they are exchangeable upon notice of redemption are treated. Holders of the partnership units also have the right to vote on certain amendments to the partnership agreement.

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MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES

The following is a summary of material United States federal income tax consequences relating to our qualification and taxation as a REIT and the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our common shares. The statements in this summary, to the extent they constitute matters of law, summaries of legal matters, or legal conclusions, and subject to the limitations expressed herein, represent the opinion of Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP. For purposes of the following discussion, references to the “Company,” “we” and “us” mean Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust and not our subsidiaries or affiliates, and the “operating partnership” refers to PREIT Associates, L.P. Because this is a summary that is intended to address only the federal income tax consequences relating to the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our common shares, it may not contain all the information that may be important in your specific circumstances. As you review this discussion, you should keep in mind that:

(1) The tax consequences to you may vary depending on your particular tax situation;

(2) Special rules that are not discussed below may apply to you if, for example, you are a tax-exempt organization, a broker-dealer, a partnership, a trust, an estate, a regulated investment company, a financial institution, an insurance company, a real estate investment trust, or otherwise subject to special tax treatment under the Code;

(3) This summary does not address state, local or non-U.S. tax consequences;

(4) This summary deals only with common shares owned as “capital assets,” within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code; and

(5) This discussion is not intended to be, and should not be construed as, tax advice.

You are urged both to review the following discussion and to consult with your tax advisor to determine the effect of acquiring, owning and disposing of our common shares in your individual tax situation, including any state, local or non-U.S. tax consequences.

The information in this section is based on the Code, current, temporary and proposed regulations promulgated by the U.S. Treasury Department, the legislative history of the Code, current administrative interpretations and practices of the Internal Revenue Service, or the IRS, and court decisions. The reference to IRS interpretations and practices includes IRS practices and policies as endorsed in private letter rulings, which are not binding on the IRS except with respect to the taxpayer that receives the ruling. In each case, these sources are relied upon as they exist on the date of this registration statement.

Future legislation, regulations, administrative interpretations and court decisions could change current law or adversely affect existing interpretations of current law. Any change could apply retroactively. Moreover, even if there is no change in the applicable law, no assurance can be provided that the statements made in the following discussion, which do not bind the IRS or the courts, will not be challenged by the IRS or will be sustained by a court if so challenged.

Taxation of the Company as a REIT

General. Our Company has elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Code. A REIT generally is not subject to federal income tax on the net income that it distributes to shareholders if it meets the applicable REIT distribution requirements and other requirements for REIT qualification under the Code. We believe that we have been and are organized and have operated, and we intend to continue to operate, in a manner so as to qualify as a REIT, but there can be no assurance that we qualify or will remain qualified as a REIT. Qualification and taxation as a REIT depend upon our ability to meet, through actual annual (or in some cases quarterly) operating

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results, requirements relating to income, asset ownership, distribution levels and diversity of share ownership, and the various other REIT qualification requirements imposed under the Code. Given the complex nature of the REIT qualification requirements, the ongoing importance of factual determinations and the possibility of future changes in our circumstances, we cannot provide assurance that our actual operating results will satisfy the requirements for taxation as a REIT under the Code for any particular taxable year.

The sections of the Code that relate to our qualification and operation as a REIT are highly technical and complex. This discussion sets forth the material aspects of the sections of the Code that govern the federal income tax treatment of a REIT and its shareholders. This summary is qualified in its entirety by the applicable Code provisions, relevant rules and Treasury regulations, and related administrative and judicial interpretations.

Taxation. For each taxable year in which we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal corporate income tax on our net income that is distributed currently to our shareholders. U.S. Shareholders (as defined below) generally will be subject to taxation on dividends (other than dividends designated capital gain dividends and “qualified dividend income”) at 80% of the rate applicable to ordinary income, instead of at lower capital gain rates.

Qualification for taxation as a REIT enables the REIT and its shareholders to substantially eliminate the “double taxation” (that is, taxation at both the corporate and shareholder levels) that generally results from an investment in a regular corporation. Regular corporations (non-REIT “C” corporations) generally are subject to federal corporate income taxation on their income, and shareholders of regular corporations are subject to tax on any dividends that are received. Currently, however, shareholders who are taxed at individual rates generally are taxed on dividends from regular corporations at capital gains rates, which are lower for individuals than ordinary income rates; and shareholders who are taxed at regular corporate rates receive the benefit of a dividends-received deduction that substantially reduces the effective rate that they pay on such dividends. Income earned by a REIT and distributed currently to its shareholders generally will be subject to lower aggregate rates of federal income taxation than if the income were earned by a regular corporation, subjected to corporate income tax, and then distributed to shareholders and subjected to tax either at capital gain rates or the effective rate paid by a corporate recipient entitled to the benefit of the dividends-received deduction.

Although we generally will not be subject to corporate income taxes on income that we distribute currently to shareholders, we will be subject to federal income tax as follows:

(1) We will be taxed at regular corporate rates on any undistributed “REIT taxable income.” REIT taxable income is the taxable income of the REIT subject to specified adjustments, including a deduction for dividends paid.

(2) If we have (a) net income from the sale or other disposition of “foreclosure property” that is held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business, or (b) other non-qualifying income from foreclosure property, we will be subject to tax at the highest corporate rate on this income.

(3) Our net income from “prohibited transactions” will be subject to a 100% tax. In general, prohibited transactions are sales or other dispositions of property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business other than foreclosure property.

(4) If we fail to satisfy either the 75% gross income test or the 95% gross income test discussed below, but nonetheless maintain our qualification as a REIT because other requirements are met, we will be subject to a tax equal to the gross income attributable to the greater of the amount by which we fail either the 75% or 95% gross income test, multiplied in either case by a fraction intended to reflect our profitability.

(5) We will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the excess, if any, of the required distribution over the sum of amounts actually distributed, excess distributions from the preceding tax year and amounts retained for

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which federal income tax was imposed if we fail to make the required distributions by the end of a calendar year. The required distribution for each calendar year is equal to the sum of:

• 85% of our REIT ordinary income for the year;

• 95% of our REIT capital gain net income for the year; and

• any undistributed taxable income from prior taxable years.

(6) We will be subject to a 100% penalty tax on some payments we receive (or on certain expenses deducted by a taxable REIT subsidiary) if arrangements among us, our tenants, and our taxable REIT subsidiaries are not comparable to similar arrangements among unrelated parties.

(7) If we acquire any assets from a non-REIT “C” corporation in a transaction in which the basis of the assets in our hands is determined by reference to the basis of the assets in the hands of the non-REIT “C” corporation, we would be liable for corporate income tax, at the highest applicable corporate rate, for the “built-in gain” with respect to those assets if we dispose of those assets in a taxable transaction during the 5-year period beginning on the day the assets were transferred to us by the non-REIT “C” corporation. To the extent that assets are transferred to us in a carry-over basis transaction by a partnership in which a corporation owns an interest, we will be subject to this tax in proportion to the non-REIT “C” corporation’s interest in the partnership. Built-in gain is the amount by which an asset’s fair market value exceeds its adjusted tax basis at the time we acquire the asset. The results described in this paragraph assume that the non-REIT “C” corporation will not elect, in lieu of this treatment, to be subject to an immediate tax when the asset is acquired by us. Any gain from the sale of property acquired by us in an exchange under Section 1031 (a like kind exchange) or 1033 (an involuntary conversion) of the Code would be excluded from the application of this built-in gains tax.

(8) If we fail to satisfy one of the REIT asset tests (other than certain de minimis failures), but nonetheless maintain our qualification as a REIT because other requirements are met, we will be subject to a tax equal to the greater of $50,000 or the amount determined by multiplying the net income generated by the non-qualifying assets during the period of time that the assets were held as non-qualifying assets by the highest rate of tax applicable to corporations.

(9) If we fail to satisfy certain of the requirements under the Code the failure of which would result in the loss of our REIT status, and the failure is due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, we may be required to pay a penalty of $50,000 for each such failure in order to maintain our qualification as a REIT.

(10) If we fail to comply with the requirements to send annual letters to certain of our shareholders requesting information regarding the actual ownership of our shares and the failure was not due to reasonable cause or was due to willful neglect, we will be subject to a $25,000 penalty or, if the failure is intentional, a $50,000 penalty.

Furthermore, notwithstanding our status as a REIT, we also may have to pay certain state and local income taxes, because not all states and localities treat REITs the same as they are treated for federal income tax purposes. Moreover, each of our taxable REIT subsidiaries (as further described below) is subject to federal, state and local corporate income taxes on its net income.

Requirements for Qualification as a REIT. A REIT is a corporation, trust or association:

(1) that is managed by one or more trustees or directors;

(2) that issues transferable shares or transferable certificates to evidence its beneficial ownership;

(3) that would be taxable as a domestic corporation, but for Sections 856 through 860 of the Code;

(4) that is neither a financial institution nor an insurance company within the meaning of certain provisions of the Code;

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(5) that is beneficially owned by 100 or more persons;

(6) not more than 50% in value of the outstanding shares or other beneficial interest of which is owned, actually or constructively, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Code to include certain entities and as determined by applying certain attribution rules) during the last half of each taxable year;

(7) that makes an election to be a REIT for the current taxable year, or has made such an election for a previous taxable year that has not been revoked or terminated, and satisfies all relevant filing and other administrative requirements established by the IRS that must be met to elect and maintain REIT status;

(8) that uses a calendar year for federal income tax purposes and complies with the recordkeeping requirements of the Code and the Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder;

(9) that does not have at the end of any taxable year any undistributed earnings and profits that are attributable to a non-REIT taxable year; and

(10) that meets other applicable tests, described below, regarding the nature of its income and assets and the amount of its distributions.

The Code provides that conditions (1), (2), (3) and (4) above must be met during the entire taxable year and condition (5) above must be met during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months, or during a proportionate part of a taxable year of less than 12 months. Conditions (5) and (6) do not apply during the first taxable year for which an election is made to be taxed as a REIT. For purposes of determining share ownership under condition (6) above, a supplemental unemployment compensation benefits plan, a private foundation or a portion of a trust permanently set aside or used exclusively for charitable purposes generally is considered an individual. However, a trust that is a qualified trust under Code Section 401(a) generally is not considered an individual, and beneficiaries of a qualified trust are treated as holding shares of a REIT in proportion to their actuarial interests in the trust for purposes of condition (6) above.

We believe that we have been organized, have operated and have issued sufficient shares of beneficial ownership with sufficient diversity of ownership to allow us to satisfy the above conditions. In addition, our Trust Agreement contains restrictions regarding the transfer of shares of beneficial interest that are intended to assist us in continuing to satisfy the share ownership requirements described in conditions (5) and (6) above. These restrictions, however, may not ensure that we will be able to satisfy these share ownership requirements. If we fail to satisfy these share ownership requirements, we will fail to qualify as a REIT.

To monitor compliance with condition (6) above, a REIT is required to send annual letters to certain of its shareholders requesting information regarding the actual ownership of its shares. If we comply with the annual letters requirement and do not know, or exercising reasonable diligence, would not have known, of a failure to meet condition (6) above, then we will be treated as having met condition (6) above.

Qualified REIT Subsidiaries. We may acquire 100% of the stock of one or more corporations that are qualified REIT subsidiaries. A corporation will qualify as a qualified REIT subsidiary if we own 100% of its stock and it is not a taxable REIT subsidiary. A qualified REIT subsidiary will not be treated as a separate corporation, and all assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit of a qualified REIT subsidiary will be treated as our assets, liabilities and such items (as the case may be) for all purposes of the Code, including the REIT qualification tests. For this reason, references in this discussion to our income and assets should be understood to include the income and assets of any qualified REIT subsidiary we own. Income of a qualified REIT subsidiary will not be subject to federal income tax, although it may be subject to state and local taxation in some jurisdictions. Our ownership of the voting stock of a qualified REIT subsidiary will not violate the asset test restrictions against ownership of securities of any one issuer which constitute more than 10% of the voting power or value of such issuer’s securities or more than five percent of the value of our total assets, as described below in “—Asset Tests Applicable to REITs.”

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Taxable REIT Subsidiaries. A taxable REIT subsidiary is a corporation (other than a REIT) in which we directly or indirectly hold stock, which has made a joint election with us to be treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary. A taxable REIT subsidiary also includes any such corporation in which a taxable REIT subsidiary of ours owns, directly or indirectly, securities (other than certain “straight debt” securities) that represent more than 35% of the total voting power or value of the outstanding securities of such corporation. Other than some activities relating to lodging and health care facilities, a taxable REIT subsidiary may generally engage in any business, including the provision of customary or non-customary services to our tenants, without causing us to receive impermissible tenant service income under the REIT gross income tests. The Company owns several taxable REIT subsidiaries, including PREIT-RUBIN. A taxable REIT subsidiary is required to pay regular federal income tax, and state and local income tax where applicable, as a non-REIT “C” corporation. In addition, if dividends are paid to us by our taxable REIT subsidiary, then a portion of the dividends we distribute to shareholders who are taxed at individual rates will generally be eligible for taxation at lower capital gains rates, rather than at ordinary income rates. See “Taxation of United States Shareholders—Qualified Dividend Income.”

Generally, a taxable REIT subsidiary can perform impermissible tenant services without causing us to receive impermissible tenant services income under the REIT income tests. However, several provisions applicable to the arrangements between a REIT and its taxable REIT subsidiaries are intended to ensure that a taxable REIT subsidiary will be subject to an appropriate level of federal income taxation. For example, a REIT will be obligated to pay a 100% penalty tax on some payments that it receives, on certain expenses deducted by the taxable REIT subsidiary or the value of services provided by the taxable REIT subsidiary to or on behalf of the REIT in excess of the price paid for such services, to the extent that the economic arrangements among the REIT, the REIT’s tenants and the taxable REIT subsidiary are not comparable to similar arrangements among unrelated parties. Our taxable REIT subsidiaries may make payments to us and to third parties in connection with activities related to our properties and may provide services to us. There can be no assurance that the IRS might not seek to impose the 100% excise tax on a portion of payments received by us from, or expenses deducted by, our taxable REIT subsidiaries or on the value of services provided to us by our taxable REIT subsidiaries.

Ownership of Partnership Interests by a REIT. A REIT that owns an equity interest in an entity treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes is deemed to own its share (based upon its proportionate share of the capital of the partnership) of the assets of the partnership and is deemed to earn its proportionate share of the partnership’s income. The assets and gross income of the partnership retain the same character in the hands of the REIT for purposes of the gross income and asset tests applicable to REITs as described below. Thus, our proportionate share of assets and items of income of the operating partnership, including the operating partnership’s share of assets and items of income of any subsidiaries that are treated as partnerships or disregarded entities for federal income tax purposes, are treated as assets and items of income of our Company for purposes of applying the REIT asset and income tests. For these purposes, under current Treasury regulations, our interest in each of the partnerships must be determined in accordance with our “capital interest” in each entity, as applicable. We have control over the operating partnership and substantially all of the partnership and limited liability company subsidiaries of the operating partnership, and intend to operate them in a manner that is consistent with the requirements for continued qualification of our Company as a REIT.

We believe that the operating partnership and each of the partnerships and limited liability companies in which we own an interest, directly or through another partnership or limited liability company, will be treated as partnerships or disregarded for federal income tax purposes and will not be taxable as corporations. If any of these entities were instead properly treated as a corporation, it would be subject to an entity-level tax on its income and we might fail to meet the REIT income and asset tests. See “—Taxation of the Company as a REIT—Income Tests Applicable to REITs” and “—Taxation of the Company as a REIT—Asset Tests Applicable to REITs” below.

Under audit procedures that apply to IRS audits of partnership returns for 2018 and subsequent years, the partnership itself may be liable for a hypothetical increase in partner-level taxes (including interest and penalties) resulting from an adjustment of partnership tax items on audit, regardless of changes in the composition of the

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partners (or their relative ownership) between the year under audit and the year of the adjustment. The new rules also include an elective alternative method under which the additional taxes resulting from the adjustment are assessed against and collected from the affected partners, subject to a higher rate of interest than otherwise would apply. Some questions remain as to how the new rules will apply, especially with respect to partners that are REITs, and it is not clear at this time what effect these new rules will have on us. However, they might increase the U.S. federal income tax, interest, and/or penalties otherwise borne by us in the event of a U.S. federal income tax audit of a subsidiary partnership.

Income Tests Applicable to REITs. To qualify as a REIT, we must satisfy two gross income tests that are applied on an annual basis. First, in each taxable year, we must derive directly or indirectly at least 75% of our gross income, excluding gross income from prohibited transactions, from investments relating to real property or mortgages on real property or from some types of temporary investments. Income from investments relating to real property or mortgages on related property includes “rents from real property,” gains on the disposition of real estate, dividends paid by another REIT and interest on obligations secured by mortgages on real property or on interests in real property. Second, in each taxable year we must derive at least 95% of our gross income, excluding gross income from prohibited transactions, from any combination of income qualifying under the 75% test and dividends, interest, and gain from the sale or other disposition of stock or securities. Certain income from hedging transactions is not taken into account for purposes of these income tests.

Rent we receive will qualify as “rents from real property” for the purpose of satisfying the gross income requirements for a REIT described above only if several conditions are met:

• The amount of rent must not be based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person. However, an amount we receive or accrue generally will not be excluded from the term “rents from real property” solely by reason of being based on a fixed percentage or percentages of gross receipts or sales.

• Neither we nor any actual or constructive owner of 10% or more of our shares may actually or constructively own 10% or more of the equity interests in a tenant, or, if the tenant is a corporation, 10% or more of the voting power or value of all classes of stock of the tenant. Any such tenant is referred to as a “related party tenant.” Rents received from a related party tenant that is a taxable REIT subsidiary, however, will not be excluded from the definition of “rents from real property” as a result of this condition if either (i) at least 90% of the space at the property to which the rents relate is leased to third parties, and the rents paid by the taxable REIT subsidiary are comparable to rents paid by our other tenants for comparable space, or (ii) the property is a qualified lodging property or a qualified health care property and is operated on behalf of the taxable REIT subsidiary by a person who is an independent contractor and certain other requirements are met.

• Rent attributable to personal property, leased in connection with a lease of real property, does not exceed 15% of the total rent received under the lease. If this requirement is not met, then the portion of rent attributable to personal property will not qualify as “rents from real property.”

• We generally must not provide directly impermissible tenant services to the tenants of a property, subject to a 1% de minimis exception, other than through an independent contractor from whom we derive no income or a taxable REIT subsidiary. We may, however, directly perform certain services that are “usually or customarily rendered” in connection with the rental of space for occupancy only and are not otherwise considered “rendered primarily for the convenience of the tenant” of the property. Examples of such services include the provision of light, heat, or other utilities, trash removal and general maintenance of common areas. In addition, we may provide through an independent contractor or a taxable REIT subsidiary, which may be wholly or partially owned by us, both customary and non-customary services to our tenants without causing the rent we receive from those tenants to fail to qualify as “rents from real property.” If the total amount of income we receive from providing impermissible tenant services at a property exceeds 1% of our total income from that property, then all of the income from that property will fail to qualify as “rents from real property.”

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Impermissible tenant service income is deemed to be at least 150% of our direct cost in providing the service.

In light of these requirements, we do not intend to take any of the actions listed below, unless we determine that the resulting nonqualifying income, taken together with all other nonqualifying income that we earn in the taxable year, will not jeopardize our status as a REIT:

(1) charge rent for any property that is based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person (unless based on a fixed percentage or percentages of gross receipts or sales, as permitted and described above);

(2) rent any property to a related party tenant, including a taxable REIT subsidiary, unless the rent from the lease to the taxable REIT subsidiary would qualify for the special exception from the related party tenant rule applicable to certain leases with a taxable REIT subsidiary;

(3) derive rental income attributable to personal property except rent attributable to personal property leased in connection with the lease of real property, the amount of which is less than 15% of the total rent received under the lease; or

(4) directly perform services considered to be noncustomary or “rendered to the occupant” of the property.

We provide services and access to third party service providers at some or all of our properties. However, based on our experience in the rental markets where the properties are located, we believe that all access to service providers and services provided to tenants by our Company either are usually or customarily rendered in connection with the rental of real property and not otherwise considered rendered to the occupant, or, if considered impermissible services, will not result in an amount of impermissible tenant service income that will cause us to fail to meet the income test requirements.

Although PREIT-RUBIN (which, together with PREIT Services, LLC, comprise our commercial property development and management business) renders services with respect to rental properties of the operating partnership and the partnership subsidiaries, and PREIT-RUBIN does not constitute an “independent contractor” for this purpose, we believe that the services being provided by PREIT-RUBIN with respect to these properties in past years have been usual or customary and should not otherwise be considered “rendered to the occupant.” Moreover, since 2001, the Company and PREIT- RUBIN have elected for PREIT-RUBIN to be treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary. We believe that the aggregate amount of any nonqualifying income in any taxable year earned by the operating partnership and the partnership subsidiaries has not caused, and will not cause, the Company to exceed the limits on nonqualifying income under the 75% and 95% gross income tests.

However, we cannot provide any assurance that the IRS will agree with these positions. We monitor the activities at our properties and believe that we have not provided services that will cause us to fail to meet the income tests. We intend to continue to monitor the services provided at, and the nonqualifying income arising from, each of our properties. We have earned and expect to continue to earn a small amount of nonqualifying income relative to our total gross income in any relevant taxable year. We believe that the amount of nonqualifying income generated from these activities has not affected and will not affect our ability to meet the 95% gross income tests.

“Interest” income that depends in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person generally will be non-qualifying income for purposes of the 75% or 95% gross income tests. However, interest based on a fixed percentage or percentages of gross receipts or sales may still qualify under the gross income tests. We do not expect to derive significant amounts of interest that would fail to qualify under the 75% and 95% gross income tests.

Our share of any dividends received from our corporate subsidiaries that are not “qualified REIT subsidiaries” (and from other corporations in which we own an interest) will qualify for purposes of the 95% gross income test

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but not for purposes of the 75% gross income test. We do not anticipate that we will receive sufficient dividends to cause us to exceed the limit on nonqualifying income under the 75% gross income test. Dividends that we receive from other qualifying REITs will qualify for purposes of both REIT income tests.

If we fail to satisfy one or both of the 75% or 95% gross income tests for any taxable year, we may nevertheless qualify as a REIT for that year if we are entitled to relief under the Code. These relief provisions generally will be available if our failure to meet the tests is due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect, and we disclose to the IRS the sources of our income as required by the Code and applicable regulations. It is not possible, however, to state whether in all circumstances we would be entitled to the benefit of these relief provisions. For example, if we fail to satisfy the gross income tests because nonqualifying income that we intentionally incur exceeds the limits on nonqualifying income, the IRS could conclude that the failure to satisfy the tests was not due to reasonable cause. If these relief provisions are inapplicable to a particular set of circumstances, we will fail to qualify as a REIT. As discussed under “—Taxation of the Company as a REIT—General,” even if these relief provisions apply, a tax would be imposed based on the amount of nonqualifying income.

Hedging Transaction Income. From time to time, we may enter into hedging transactions with respect to one or more of our assets or liabilities. Our hedging activities may include entering into interest rate swaps, caps and floors, options to purchase such items and futures and forward contracts. Income and gain from “qualified hedging transactions” are excluded from gross income for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests. A “qualified hedging transaction” includes: (i) any transaction entered into in the normal course of our trade or business primarily to manage the risk of interest rate, price changes or currency fluctuations with respect to borrowings made or to be made, or ordinary obligations incurred or to be incurred, to acquire or carry real estate assets; (ii) any transaction entered into primarily to manage the risk of currency fluctuations with respect to any item of income or gain that would be qualifying income under the 75% or 95% gross income test (or any property which generates such income or gain); and (iii) any transaction entered into to “offset” a transaction described in (i) or (ii) if a portion of the hedged indebtedness is extinguished or the related property disposed of. We are required to clearly identify any such hedging transaction before the close of the day on which it was acquired, originated or entered into and to satisfy other identification requirements in order to be treated as a qualified hedging transaction. Also excluded from gross income for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests is income from hedging transactions that are entered into with respect to previously-acquired hedging transactions that were entered into to manage interest rate or currency fluctuation risks when the previously hedged indebtedness is extinguished or the property is disposed of. We have structured and intend to continue to structure any hedging transactions in a manner that does not jeopardize its qualification as a REIT.

Prohibited Transaction Income. Any gain that we realize on the sale of any property held as inventory or otherwise held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business, including our share of any such gain realized through our subsidiary partnerships and disregarded entities for federal income tax purposes, will be treated as income from a prohibited transaction that is subject to a 100% penalty tax. Under existing law, whether property is held as inventory or primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business is a question of fact that depends on all the facts and circumstances surrounding the particular transaction. However, we will not be treated as a dealer in real property with respect to a property we sell for the purposes of the 100% tax if (i) we have held the property for at least two years for the production of rental income prior to the sale, (ii) capitalized expenditures on the property in the two years preceding the sale do not exceed 30% of the net selling price of the property, and (iii) we meet one or more of the following tests: (a) we have seven or fewer sales of property (excluding certain property obtained through foreclosure) for the year of sale, (b) the aggregate tax basis of property sold during the year of sale does not exceed 10% of the aggregate tax basis of all of our assets as of the beginning of the taxable year, (c) the aggregate fair market value of property sold during the taxable year does not exceed 10% of the fair market value of all of our assets as of the beginning of the taxable year, (d) the aggregate tax basis of property sold during the year of sale does not exceed 20% of the aggregate tax basis of all of our assets as of the beginning of the taxable year and the 3-year average adjusted bases percentage for the taxable year as defined by the Code does not exceed 10%, or (e) the aggregate fair market value of

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property sold during the taxable year does not exceed 20% of the fair market value of all of our assets as of the beginning of the taxable year and the 3-year average fair market value percentage for the taxable year as defined by the Code does not exceed 10%; in the case of (b), (c), (d) or (e), substantially all of the marketing and development expenditures with respect to the property sold must be made through a taxable REIT subsidiary or an independent contractor from whom we derive no income. The sale of more than one property to one buyer as part of one transaction constitutes one sale for purposes of this “safe harbor.” We intend to hold our properties for investment with a view to long-term appreciation, to engage in the business of acquiring, developing and owning our properties and to make occasional sales of properties as are consistent with our investment objectives. However, the IRS may successfully contend that some or all of the sales made by us are prohibited transactions. In that case, we would be required to pay the 100% penalty tax on our allocable share of the gains resulting from any such sales.

Penalty Tax. Any redetermined rents, redetermined deductions, excess interest or redetermined TRS service income that we generate will be subject to a 100% penalty tax. In general, redetermined rents are rents from real property that are overstated as a result of services furnished by one of our taxable REIT subsidiaries to any of our tenants, redetermined deductions and excess interest represent amounts that are deducted by a taxable REIT subsidiary for payments to us that are in excess of the amounts that would have been deducted based on arm’s-length negotiations, and redetermined TRS service income is gross income (less deductions allocable thereto) of a taxable REIT subsidiary attributable to services provided to, or on behalf of, us that is less than the amounts that would have been paid by us to the taxable REIT subsidiary if based on arm’s length negotiations. Rents we receive will not constitute redetermined rents if they qualify for the safe harbor provisions contained in the Code. Safe harbor provisions are provided where:

• amounts are excluded from the definition of impermissible tenant service income as a result of satisfying the 1% de minimis exception;

• a taxable REIT subsidiary renders a significant amount of similar services to unrelated parties and the charges for such services are substantially comparable;

• rents paid to us by tenants who are not receiving services from the taxable REIT subsidiary are substantially comparable to the rents paid by our tenants leasing comparable space who are receiving services from the taxable REIT subsidiary and the charge for the services is separately stated; or

• the taxable REIT subsidiary’s gross income from the service is not less than 150% of the taxable REIT subsidiary’s direct cost of furnishing the service.

Although we anticipate that any fees paid to a taxable REIT subsidiary for tenant services will reflect arm’s-length rates, a taxable REIT subsidiary may under certain circumstances provide tenant services that do not satisfy any of the safe-harbor provisions described above. Nevertheless, these determinations are inherently factual, and the IRS has broad discretion to assert that amounts paid between related parties should be reallocated to clearly reflect their respective incomes. If the IRS successfully made such an assertion, we would be required to pay a 100% penalty tax on the redetermined rent, redetermined deductions or excess interest, as applicable.

Asset Tests Applicable to REITs. At the close of each quarter of our taxable year, we must satisfy five tests relating to the nature and diversification of our assets:

(1) At least 75% of the value of our total assets must be represented by real estate assets, cash, cash items and federal government securities. For purposes of this test, real estate assets include our allocable share of real estate assets held by entities that are treated as partnerships or that are disregarded for federal income tax purposes, as well as stock or debt instruments that are purchased with the proceeds of an offering of shares or a public offering of debt with a term of at least five years, but only for the one-year period beginning on the date we receive such proceeds.

(2) Not more than 25% of our total assets may be represented by securities, other than those securities includable in the 75% asset class (e.g., securities that qualify as real estate assets and federal government securities);

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(3) Not more than 20% of the value of our total assets may be represented by the securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries. Securities for purposes of the asset tests may include debt securities;

(4) Not more than 25% of the value of our total assets may be represented by nonqualified publicly offered REIT debt instruments; and

(5) Except for equity investments in REITs, debt or equity investments in qualified REIT subsidiaries and taxable REIT subsidiaries, and other securities that qualify as “real estate assets” for purpose of the 75% test described in clause (1):

• the value of any one issuer’s securities owned by us may not exceed 5% of the value of our total assets;

• we may not own more than 10% of any one issuer’s outstanding voting securities; and

• we may not own more than 10% of the total value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer, other than securities that qualify for certain specified exceptions including the “straight debt” exception discussed below.

The Code specifically provides that the following types of debt will not be taken into account for purposes of the 10% value test: (1) securities that meet the “straight debt” safe-harbor, as discussed in the next paragraph; (2) loans to individuals or estates; (3) obligations to pay rent from real property; (4) rental agreements described in Section 467 of the Code; (5) any security issued by other REITs; (6) certain securities issued by a state, the District of Columbia, a foreign government, or a political subdivision of any of the foregoing, or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico; and (7) any other arrangement as determined by the IRS. In addition, for purposes of the 10% value test, to the extent we hold debt securities that are not described in the preceding sentence, (a) debt issued by partnerships that derive at least 75% of their gross income from sources that constitute qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, and (b) debt that is issued by any partnership, to the extent of our interest as a partner in the partnership, are not considered securities.

Debt will meet the “straight debt” safe harbor if (1) neither we nor any of our controlled taxable REIT subsidiaries (generally, taxable REIT subsidiaries more than 50% of the vote or value of the outstanding stock of which is directly or indirectly owned by us) owns any other securities of the issuer that are not described in the preceding paragraph and that have an aggregate value greater than one percent of the issuer’s outstanding securities, as calculated under the Code, (2) the debt is a written unconditional promise to pay on demand or on a specified date a sum certain in money, (3) the debt is not convertible, directly or indirectly, into stock, and (4) the interest rate and the interest payment dates of the debt are not contingent on the profits, the borrower’s discretion or similar factors.

However, contingencies regarding time of payment and interest are permissible for purposes of qualifying as a straight debt security if (1) such contingency does not have the effect of changing the effective yield to maturity, as determined under the Code, other than a change in the annual yield to maturity that does not exceed the greater of (i) 5% of the annual yield to maturity or (ii) 0.25%, or (2) neither the aggregate issue price nor the aggregate face amount of the issuer’s debt instruments held by the REIT exceeds $1,000,000 and not more than 12 months of unaccrued interest can be required to be prepaid thereunder. In addition, debt will not be disqualified from being treated as “straight debt” solely because the time or amount of payment is subject to a contingency upon a default or the exercise of a prepayment right by the issuer of the debt, provided that such contingency is consistent with customary commercial practice.

We believe that the aggregate value of our interests in our taxable REIT subsidiaries has not exceeded 20% of the aggregate value of our gross assets. With respect to each issuer that did not qualify as a REIT, a qualified REIT subsidiary or a taxable REIT subsidiary, we believe that our pro rata share of the value of the securities, including debt, of any such issuer has not exceeded 5% of the total value of our assets and that we comply with the 10% voting securities limitation and, for our 2001 and subsequent taxable years, 10% value limitation with

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respect to each such issuer. However, no independent appraisals have been obtained to support these conclusions. In this regard, however, we cannot provide any assurance that the IRS might not disagree with our determinations.

The asset tests must be satisfied not only on the last day of the calendar quarter in which we, directly or through pass-through subsidiaries, acquire securities in the applicable issuer, but also on the last day of the calendar quarter in which we increase our ownership of securities of such issuer, including as a result of increasing our interest in pass-through subsidiaries. After initially meeting the asset tests at the close of any quarter, we will not lose our status as a REIT for failure to satisfy the asset tests solely by reason of changes in the relative values of our assets. If failure to satisfy the asset tests results from an acquisition of securities or other property during a quarter, we can cure this failure by disposing of sufficient non-qualifying assets within 30 days after the close of that quarter. We intend to maintain adequate records of the value of our assets to ensure compliance with the asset tests and to take any available action within 30 days after the close of any quarter as may be required to cure any noncompliance with the asset tests. Although we plan to take steps to ensure that we satisfy such tests for any quarter with respect to which testing is to occur, there can be no assurance that such steps will always be successful. If we fail to timely cure any noncompliance with the asset tests, we would cease to qualify as a REIT, unless we satisfy certain relief provisions described in the next paragraph.

Furthermore, the failure to satisfy the asset tests can be remedied even after the 30-day cure period under certain circumstances. If the total value of the assets that caused a failure of the 5% asset test, the 10% voting securities test or the 10% value test does not exceed the lesser of (i) 1% of our assets at the end of the relevant quarter or (ii) $10,000,000, we can cure such a failure by disposing of sufficient assets to cure such a violation within six months following the last day of the quarter in which we first identify the failure of the asset test. For a violation of any of the asset tests not described in the prior sentence (including the 75% and the 25% asset tests), we can avoid disqualification as a REIT if the violation is due to reasonable cause and we dispose of an amount of assets sufficient to cure such violation within the six-month period described in the preceding sentence. In such a case, we must also pay a tax equal to the greater of $50,000 or the highest corporate tax rate multiplied by the net income generated by the nonqualifying assets during the period of time that the assets were held as nonqualifying assets, and file in accordance with applicable Treasury regulations a schedule with the IRS that describes the assets. The applicable Treasury regulations are yet to be issued. Thus, it is not possible to state with precision under what circumstances we would be entitled to the benefit of these provisions.

Annual Distribution Requirements Applicable to REITs. To qualify as a REIT, we are required to distribute dividends, other than capital gain dividends, to our shareholders each year in an amount at least equal to the sum of:

• 90% of our “REIT taxable income,” computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and our net capital gain; and

• 90% of our after tax net income, if any, from foreclosure property;

minus the excess of the sum of certain items of non-cash income over 5% of our “REIT taxable income.”

In addition, for purposes of this test, non-cash income means income attributable to leveled stepped rents, original issue discount included in our taxable income without the receipt of a corresponding payment, cancellation of indebtedness or a like-kind exchange that is later determined to be taxable.

We must pay these distributions in the taxable year to which they relate, or in the following taxable year if they are declared during the last three months of the taxable year, payable to shareholders of record on a specified date during such period and paid during January of the following year. Such distributions are treated as paid by us and received by our shareholders on December 31 of the year in which they are declared. In addition, at our election, a distribution for a taxable year may be declared before we timely file our tax return for such year and paid on or before the first regular dividend payment date after such declaration, provided such payment is made during the

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twelve-month period following the close of such year. These distributions are taxable to our shareholders, other than tax-exempt entities, in the year in which paid. This is so even though these distributions relate to the prior year for purposes of our 90% distribution requirement. To the extent that we do not distribute all of our net capital gain or distribute at least 90%, but less than 100%, of our “REIT taxable income,” as adjusted, we will be required to pay tax on the shortfall at regular corporate tax rates.

We believe we have made and intend to make timely distributions sufficient to satisfy our annual distribution requirements. In this regard, the partnership agreement of the operating partnership authorizes us, as general partner, to take steps as may be necessary to cause the operating partnership to distribute to its partners an amount sufficient to permit the Company to meet these distribution requirements. Although we anticipate that our cash flow will permit us to make those distributions, it is possible that, from time to time, we may not have sufficient cash or other liquid assets to meet these distribution requirements. In this event, we may find it necessary to arrange for short-term, or possibly long-term, borrowings to fund required distributions or to pay dividends in the form of taxable dividends of our shares.

Under some circumstances, we may be able to rectify an inadvertent failure to meet the distribution requirement for a year by paying “deficiency dividends” to our shareholders in a later year, which may be included in our deduction for dividends paid for the earlier year. Thus, we may be able to avoid being taxed on amounts distributed as deficiency dividends. However, we will be required to pay interest to the IRS based upon the amount of any deduction claimed for deficiency dividends.

Furthermore, we will be required to pay a 4% nondeductible excise tax to the extent that our distributions during a calendar year, or in the case of distributions with declaration and record dates falling in the last three months of the calendar year, by the end of January following such calendar year plus excess distributions from prior tax years does not at least equal the sum of:

• 85% of our REIT ordinary income for such year;

• 95% of our REIT capital gain net income for the year; and

• any undistributed taxable income from prior taxable years.

Any REIT taxable income and net capital gain on which this excise tax is imposed for any year is treated as an amount distributed during that year for purposes of calculating such tax and excess distributions from the immediately preceding year may be carried over. A REIT may elect to retain rather than distribute all or a portion of its net capital gains and pay the tax on the gains. In that case, a REIT may elect to have its shareholders include their proportionate share of the undistributed net capital gains in income as long-term capital gains and receive a credit for their share of the tax paid by the REIT. For purposes of the 4% excise tax described above, any retained amounts would be treated as having been distributed.

Record-Keeping Requirements. We are required to comply with applicable record-keeping requirements. Failure to comply could result in monetary fines.

Failure of the Company to Qualify as a REIT. If we fail to comply with one or more of the conditions required for qualification as a REIT (other than asset tests and the income tests that have the specific savings clauses discussed above in “—Taxation of the Company as a REIT—Asset Tests Applicable to REITs,” and “—Taxation of the Company as a REIT—Income Tests Applicable to REITs”), we can avoid termination of our REIT status by paying a penalty of $50,000 for each such failure, provided that our noncompliance was due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect. If we fail to qualify for taxation as a REIT in any taxable year and the statutory relief provisions do not apply, we will be subject to tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates.

Distributions to shareholders in any year in which we fail to qualify will not be deductible by us, and we will not be required to distribute any amounts to our shareholders. As a result, our failure to qualify as a REIT would

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significantly reduce the cash available for distribution by us to our shareholders. In addition, if we fail to qualify as a REIT, all distributions to shareholders will be taxable as dividends to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, whether or not attributable to capital gains earned by us. Non-corporate shareholders currently would be taxed on these dividends at capital gains rates; corporate shareholders may be eligible for the dividends received deduction with respect to such dividends. Unless entitled to relief under specific statutory provisions, we will also be disqualified from taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which we lost our qualification. There can be no assurance that we would be entitled to any statutory relief.

Taxation of United States Shareholders

General. This section applies to a beneficial owner of a common share of Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust that is held by a U.S. person, referred to as a “United States shareholder” herein, as a capital asset.

A “U.S. person” is:

• a citizen or resident of the United States;

• a corporation (or any entity treated as a corporation for United States federal income tax purposes) created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or any political subdivision of the United States;

• an estate, the income of which is subject to United States federal income tax regardless of its source; or

• a trust, if a United States court can exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more United States persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or if the trust has a valid election in place to be treated as a United States person.

If a partnership holds our common shares, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. If you are a partner of a partnership holding our common shares, you should consult your tax advisor regarding the tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of our common shares.

Distributions by the Company—General. As long as we qualify as a REIT, distributions out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits that are not designated as capital gains dividends or “qualified dividend income” will be taxable to our taxable United States shareholders as ordinary income and will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction in the case of United States shareholders that are corporations. For purposes of determining whether distributions to holders of common shares are out of current or accumulated earnings and profits, our earnings and profits will be allocated first to any outstanding preferred shares and then to our outstanding common shares.

To the extent that we make distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, these distributions will be treated first as a tax-free return of capital to each United States shareholder. This treatment will reduce the adjusted tax basis that each United States shareholder has in its shares for tax purposes by the amount of the distribution, but not below zero. Distributions in excess of a United States shareholder’s adjusted tax basis in its shares will be taxable as capital gains, provided that the shares have been held as a capital asset, and will be taxable as long-term capital gain if the shares have been held for more than one year. Dividends we declare in October, November or December of any year and payable to a shareholder of record on a specified date in any of these months shall be treated as both paid by us and received by the shareholder on December 31 of that year, provided we actually pay the dividend on or before January 31 of the following calendar year.

For 2018 and subsequent years, individuals, estates and trusts who receive taxable REIT distributions other than capital gains dividends (or qualified dividend income) will generally be entitled to deduct 20% of the distribution amount, so that the effective rate of federal income tax on the distributions is 80% of the rate otherwise applicable to ordinary income.

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Capital Gain Distributions. We may elect to designate distributions of our net capital gain as “capital gain dividends.” Distributions that we properly designate as “capital gain dividends” will be taxable to our taxable United States shareholders as gain from the sale or disposition of a capital asset to the extent that such gain does not exceed our actual net capital gain for the taxable year. Designations made by us will only be effective to the extent that they comply with Revenue Ruling 89-81, which requires that distributions made to different classes of shares be composed proportionately of dividends of a particular type. If we designate any portion of a dividend as a capital gain dividend, a United States shareholder will receive an IRS Form 1099-DIV indicating the amount that will be taxable to the shareholder as capital gain. Corporate shareholders, however, may be required to treat up to 20% of some capital gain dividends as ordinary income.

Instead of paying capital gain dividends, we may designate all or part of our net capital gain as “undistributed capital gain.” We will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates on any undistributed capital gain. A United States shareholder will include in its income as long-term capital gains its proportionate share of such undistributed capital gain and will be deemed to have paid its proportionate share of the tax paid by us on such undistributed capital gain and receive a credit or a refund to the extent that the tax paid by us exceeds the United States shareholder’s tax liability on the undistributed capital gain. A United States shareholder will increase the basis in its common shares by the difference between the amount of capital gain included in its income and the amount of tax it is deemed to have paid. A United States shareholder that is a corporation will appropriately adjust its earnings and profits for the retained capital gain in accordance with Treasury regulations to be prescribed by the IRS. Our earnings and profits will be adjusted appropriately. We will classify portions of any designated capital gain dividend or undistributed capital gain as either:

(1) a 20% rate gain distribution, which would be taxable to non-corporate United States shareholders at a maximum rate of 20%; or

(2) an “unrecaptured Section 1250 gain” distribution, which would be taxable to non-corporate United States shareholders at a maximum rate of 25%.

We must determine the maximum amounts that we may designate as 20% and 25% rate capital gain dividends by performing the computation required by the Code as if the REIT were an individual whose ordinary income were subject to a marginal tax rate of at least 28%. Recipients of capital gain dividends from us that are taxed at corporate income tax rates will be taxed at the normal corporate income tax rates on those dividends.

Qualified Dividend Income. With respect to shareholders who are taxed at the rates applicable to individuals, we may elect to designate a portion of our distributions paid to shareholders as “qualified dividend income.” A portion of a distribution that is properly designated as qualified dividend income is taxable to non-corporate United States shareholders as capital gain, provided that the shareholder has held the common shares with respect to which the distribution is made for more than 60 days during the 121-day period beginning on the date that is 60 days before the date on which such common shares become ex-dividend with respect to the relevant distribution. The maximum amount of our distributions eligible to be designated as qualified dividend income for a taxable year is equal to the sum of:

(1) the qualified dividend income received by us during such taxable year from non-REIT “C” corporations (including our corporate subsidiaries, other than qualified REIT subsidiaries, and our taxable REIT subsidiaries);

(2) the excess of any “undistributed” REIT taxable income recognized during the immediately preceding year over the federal income tax paid by us with respect to such undistributed REIT taxable income; and

(3) the excess of any income recognized during the immediately preceding year attributable to the sale of a built-in-gain asset that was acquired in a carry-over basis transaction from a non-REIT “C” corporation over the federal income tax paid by us with respect to such built-in gain.

Generally, dividends that we receive will be treated as qualified dividend income for purposes of (1) above if the dividends are received from a domestic corporation (other than a REIT or a regulated investment company) or a

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“qualified foreign corporation” and specified holding period requirements and other requirements are met. A foreign corporation (other than a “passive foreign investment company”) will be a qualified foreign corporation if it is incorporated in a possession of the United States, the corporation is eligible for benefits of an income tax treaty with the United States that the Secretary of Treasury determines is satisfactory, or the stock of the foreign corporation on which the dividend is paid is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. We generally expect that an insignificant portion, if any, of our distributions will consist of qualified dividend income. If we designate any portion of a dividend as qualified dividend income, a U.S. shareholder will receive an IRS Form 1099-DIV indicating the amount that will be taxable to the shareholder as qualified dividend income.

Other Tax Considerations. Distributions we make and gain arising from the sale or exchange by a United States shareholder of our shares will not be treated as passive activity income. As a result, United States shareholders generally will not be able to apply any “passive losses” against this income or gain. Distributions we make, to the extent they do not constitute a return of capital, generally will be treated as investment income for purposes of computing the investment interest limitation. A United States shareholder may elect, depending on its particular situation, to treat capital gain dividends, capital gains from the disposition of shares and income designated as qualified dividend income as investment income for purposes of the investment interest limitation, in which case the applicable capital gains will be taxed at ordinary income rates. We will notify shareholders regarding the portions of our distributions for each year that constitute ordinary income, return of capital and qualified dividend income. United States shareholders may not include in their individual income tax returns any of our net operating losses or capital losses. Our operating or capital losses would be carried over by us for potential offset against future income, subject to applicable limitations.

Medicare Tax on Unearned Income. Certain U.S. shareholders that are individuals, estates or trusts are required to pay an additional 3.8% tax on, among other things, dividends on and capital gains from the sale or other disposition of shares.

Sales of Shares. If a United States shareholder sells or otherwise disposes of its shares in a taxable transaction, it will recognize gain or loss for federal income tax purposes in an amount equal to the difference between the amount of cash and the fair market value of any property received on the sale or other disposition and the holder’s adjusted basis in the shares for tax purposes. This gain or loss will be a capital gain or loss if the shares have been held by the United States shareholder as a capital asset. The applicable tax rate will depend on the United States shareholder’s holding period in the shares (generally, if shares have been held for more than one year, such gain or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss) and the United States shareholder’s tax bracket. A United States shareholder who is an individual, estate or trust and who has net long-term capital gain or loss will be subject to a maximum capital gain rate, which is currently 20%. The IRS has the authority to prescribe, but has not yet prescribed, regulations that would apply a capital gain tax rate of 25% (which is generally higher than the long-term capital gain tax rates for noncorporate shareholders) to a portion of capital gain realized by a noncorporate shareholder on the sale of REIT shares that would correspond to the REIT’s “unrecaptured Section 1250 gain.” In general, any loss recognized by a United States shareholder upon the sale or other disposition of common shares that have been held for six months or less, after applying the holding period rules, will be treated by such United States shareholders as a long-term capital loss, to the extent of distributions received by the United States shareholder from us that were required to be treated as long-term capital gains. Shareholders are advised to consult their tax advisors with respect to the capital gain liability.

Taxation of Tax-Exempt Shareholders

Provided that a tax-exempt shareholder, except certain tax-exempt shareholders described below, has not held its common shares as “debt financed property” within the meaning of the Code and the shares are not otherwise used in its trade or business, the dividend income from us and gain from the sale of our common shares will not be unrelated business taxable income, or UBTI, to a tax-exempt shareholder. Generally, “debt financed property” is property, the acquisition or holding of which was financed through a borrowing by the tax-exempt shareholder.

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For tax-exempt shareholders that are social clubs, voluntary employee benefit associations, supplemental unemployment benefit trusts, or qualified group legal services plans exempt from federal income taxation under Section 501(c)(7), (c)(9), (c)(17) or (c)(20) of the Code, respectively, or single parent title-holding corporations exempt under Section 501(c)(2) and whose income is payable to any of the aforementioned tax-exempt organizations, income from an investment in the Company will constitute UBTI unless the organization is able to properly claim a deduction for amounts set aside or placed in reserve for certain purposes so as to offset the income generated by its investment in our shares. These prospective investors should consult with their tax advisors concerning these set aside and reserve requirements.

Notwithstanding the above, however, a portion of the dividends paid by a “pension-held REIT” are treated as UBTI if received by any trust that is described in Section 401(a) of the Code, is tax-exempt under Section 501(a) of the Code and holds more than 10%, by value, of the interests in the REIT. A pension-held REIT includes any REIT if:

• at least one of such trusts holds more than 25%, by value, of the interests in the REIT, or two or more of such trusts, each of which owns more than 10%, by value, of the interests in the REIT, hold in the aggregate more than 50%, by value, of the interests in the REIT; and

• it would not have qualified as a REIT but for the fact that Section 856(h)(3) of the Code provides that shares owned by such trusts shall be treated, for purposes of the “not closely held” requirement, as owned by the beneficiaries of the trust, rather than by the trust itself.

The percentage of any REIT dividend from a “pension-held REIT” that is treated as UBTI is equal to the ratio of the UBTI earned by the REIT, treating the REIT as if it were a pension trust and therefore subject to tax on UBTI, to the total gross income of the REIT. An exception applies where the percentage is less than 5% for any year, in which case none of the dividends would be treated as UBTI. The provisions requiring pension trusts to treat a portion of REIT distributions as UBTI will not apply if the REIT is able to satisfy the “not closely held requirement” without relying upon the “look-through” exception with respect to pension trusts. As a result of certain limitations on the transfer and ownership of our shares contained in our organizational documents, we do not expect to be classified as a “pension-held REIT,” and accordingly, the tax treatment described in this paragraph should be inapplicable to our tax-exempt shareholders.

U.S. Taxation of Non-United States Shareholders

The following discussion addresses the rules governing U.S. federal income taxation of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our common shares by shareholders other than United States shareholders, or non-United States shareholders. These rules are complex, and no attempt is made herein to provide more than a brief summary of them. Accordingly, the discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation and does not address state, local or foreign tax consequences that may be relevant to a non-United States shareholder in light of its particular circumstances.

Distributions. Subject to the discussion below, distributions by us to a non-United States shareholder of our common shares generally will be treated as ordinary dividends to the extent that they are made out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits. Ordinary dividends generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a gross basis at a rate of 30%, or a lower rate as permitted under an applicable income tax treaty, unless the dividends are treated as effectively connected with the conduct by the non-United States shareholder of a U.S. trade or business. Under some treaties, however, lower rates generally applicable to dividends do not apply to dividends from REITs. Ordinary dividends that are effectively connected with a trade or business generally will not be subject to the withholding tax and instead will be subject to tax on a net basis, that is, after allowance for deductions, at regular U.S. federal income tax rates, in a manner similar to the taxation of United States shareholders with respect to these dividends, and may be subject to any applicable alternative minimum tax. Applicable certification and disclosure requirements must be satisfied for dividends to be exempt from withholding under the effectively connected income exception. Any dividends received by a corporate

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non-United States shareholder that is engaged in a U.S. trade or business also may be subject to an additional branch profits tax at a 30% rate, or lower applicable treaty rate. We generally expect to withhold U.S. income tax at the rate of 30% on any dividend distribution made to a non-United States shareholder unless:

• a lower treaty rate applies and the non-United States shareholder files an Internal Revenue Service Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E, as appropriate, with us evidencing eligibility for that reduced rate; or

• the non-United States shareholder files an Internal Revenue Service Form W-8ECI with us claiming that the distribution is effectively connected income.

Distributions in excess of our current or accumulated earnings and profits that do not exceed the adjusted basis of the non-United States shareholder in its common shares will reduce the non-United States shareholder’s adjusted basis in its common shares and will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits that do exceed the adjusted basis of the non-United States shareholder in its common shares will be treated as gain from the sale of its common shares, the tax treatment of which is described below (See “—Sale of Our Common Shares”).

We may be required to withhold at least 15% of any distribution in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, even if a lower treaty rate applies or the non-United States shareholder is not liable for tax on the receipt of that distribution. However, a non-United States shareholder may seek a refund of these amounts from the Internal Revenue Service if the non-United States shareholder’s U.S. tax liability with respect to the distribution is less than the amount withheld.

We will be required to withhold a 30% tax on distributions to any Participant that is a foreign entity that does not meet specified information reporting requirements (including the provision of a properly completed Internal Revenue Service W-8BEN-E).

A distribution to a non-United States shareholder that owns more than 10% of our common shares at any time during the one-year period ending on the date of such distribution will not be treated as an ordinary dividend if (a) the distribution is designated as a capital gain dividend and/or (b) the dividend is attributable to the disposition of a U.S. real property interest. Such distributions will be taxed under the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act, which is referred to as “FIRPTA.” A non-United States shareholder receiving a distribution subject to FIRPTA will be treated as recognizing gain that is income effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business and taxed in the manner described below. We will be required to withhold and remit to the Internal Revenue Service 21% (or to the extent provided in Treasury regulations, 20%) of any such distribution attributable to the disposition of a U.S. real property interest. The amount withheld is creditable against the non-United States shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability.

A distribution to a non-United States shareholder that owns no more than 10% of the value of our common shares at all times during the one-year period ending on the date of such distribution will be treated as long-term capital gain to such a non-United States shareholder if the distribution is designated as a capital gain dividend. Such a distribution generally should not be subject to U.S. federal income taxation, unless:

• such distribution is effectively connected with the non-United States shareholder’s U.S. trade or business, in which case the non-United States shareholder will be subject to tax on a net basis in a manner similar to the taxation of United States shareholders with respect to such gain, except that a holder that is a foreign corporation may also be subject to the additional 30% branch profits tax, as discussed above; or

• the non-United States shareholder is a nonresident alien individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year and either has a “tax home” in the United States or with respect to whom certain other conditions exist, in which case such nonresident alien individual will be subject to a 30% tax on the individual’s capital gain.

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Undistributed Capital Gain. Although the law is not entirely clear on the matter, it appears that amounts designated by us as undistributed capital gains in respect of our shares held by non-United States shareholders generally should be treated in the same manner as actual distributions by us of capital gain dividends. Under that approach, each non-United States shareholder would be able to offset as a credit against its U.S. federal income tax liability resulting therefrom its proportionate share of the tax paid by us on the undistributed capital gains treated as long-term capital gain to the non-United States shareholder, and generally to receive from the IRS a refund to the extent its proportionate share of the tax paid by us were to exceed the non-United States shareholder’s actual U.S. federal income tax liability on such long-term capital gain. If we were to designate any portion of our net capital gain as undistributed capital gain, a non-United States shareholder should consult its tax advisor regarding the taxation of such undistributed capital gain.

Sale of Our Common Shares. Gain recognized by a non-United States shareholder upon the sale or exchange of our common shares generally would not be subject to U.S. taxation unless:

(1) the investment in our common shares is effectively connected with the non-United States shareholder’s United States trade or business, in which case the non-United States shareholder will be subject to the same treatment as domestic shareholders with respect to any gain;

(2) the non-United States shareholder is a nonresident alien individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year and has a “tax home” in the United States, in which case the nonresident alien individual will be subject to a 30% tax on the individual’s net capital gains from United States sources for the taxable year; or

(3) our common shares constitute a U.S. real property interest within the meaning of FIRPTA, as described below.

Our common shares will not constitute a U.S. real property interest if we are a domestically controlled REIT. We will be a domestically controlled REIT if, at all times during a specified testing period, less than 50% in value of our common shares is held directly or indirectly by non-United States shareholders.

We believe that currently we are a domestically controlled REIT and, therefore, that the sale of our common shares by a non-United States shareholder would not be subject to taxation under FIRPTA. Because our common shares are publicly traded, however, we cannot guarantee that we are or will continue to be a domestically controlled REIT.

Even if we do not qualify as a domestically controlled REIT at the time a non-United States shareholder sells our common shares, gain arising from the sale still would not be subject to FIRPTA tax if:

(1) the class or series of shares sold is considered regularly traded under applicable Treasury regulations on an established securities market, such as the NYSE; and

(2) the selling non-U.S. shareholder owned, actually or constructively, 10% or less in value of the outstanding class or series of shares being sold throughout the shorter of the period during which the non-United States shareholders held such class or series of shares or the five-year period ending on the date of the sale or exchange.

If gain on the sale or exchange of our common shares by a non-United States shareholder were subject to taxation under FIRPTA, the non-United States shareholder would be subject to regular U.S. federal income tax with respect to any gain on a net basis in the same manner as a taxable United States shareholder, subject to any applicable alternative minimum tax and special alternative minimum tax in the case of nonresident alien individuals.

FATCA Withholding on Payments to Certain Foreign Entities. As a general matter, the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”) imposes a 30% withholding tax on dividends on our shares if paid to a foreign

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entity unless either (i) the foreign entity is a “foreign financial institution” that undertakes certain due diligence, reporting, withholding, and certification obligations, (ii) the foreign entity is not a “foreign financial institution” and identifies certain of its U.S. investors, or (iii) the foreign entity otherwise is excepted under FATCA. Under delayed effective dates provided for in the final regulations and subsequent guidance, the required withholding began on July 1, 2014 with respect to dividends on our shares.

If withholding is required under FATCA on a payment related to our shares, investors that otherwise would not be subject to withholding (or that otherwise would be entitled to a reduced rate of withholding) generally will be required to seek a refund or credit from the IRS to obtain the benefit of such exemption or reduction (provided that such benefit is available). Prospective investors should consult their tax advisors regarding the effect of FATCA in their particular circumstances.

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding Tax Applicable to Shareholders

United States Shareholders. In general, information-reporting requirements will apply to payments of distributions on our common shares and payments of the proceeds of the sale of our common shares to some United States shareholders, unless an exception applies. Further, the payer will be required to withhold backup withholding tax on such payments at the rate of 24% if:

(1) the payee fails to furnish a taxpayer identification number, or TIN, to the payer or to establish an exemption from backup withholding;

(2) the IRS notifies the payer that the TIN furnished by the payee is incorrect;

(3) there has been a notified payee underreporting with respect to interest, dividends or original issue discount described in Section 3406(c) of the Code; or

(4) there has been a failure of the payee to certify under the penalty of perjury that the payee is not subject to backup withholding under the Code.

Some shareholders, including corporations, may be exempt from backup withholding. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules from a payment to a shareholder will be allowed as a credit against the shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle the shareholder to a refund, provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS.

Non-United States Shareholders. Generally, information reporting will apply to payments of distributions on our common shares, and backup withholding described above for a United States shareholder will apply, unless the payee certifies that it is not a U.S. person or otherwise establishes an exemption.

The payment of the proceeds from the disposition of our common shares to or through the United States office of a United States or foreign broker will be subject to information reporting and, possibly, backup withholding as described above for United States shareholders, or the withholding tax for non-United States shareholders, as applicable, unless the non-United States shareholder certifies as to its non-U.S. status or otherwise establishes an exemption, provided that the broker does not have actual knowledge that the shareholder is a United States person or that the conditions of any other exemption are not, in fact, satisfied. The proceeds of the disposition by a non-United States shareholder of our common shares to or through a foreign office of a broker generally will not be subject to information reporting or backup withholding. However, if the broker is a United States person, a controlled foreign corporation for United States tax purposes, or a foreign person 50% or more of whose gross income from all sources for specified periods is from activities that are effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business, a foreign partnership 50% or more of whose interests are held by partners who are United States persons, or a foreign partnership that is engaged in the conduct of a trade or business in the United States, then information reporting generally will apply as though the payment was made through a U.S. office of a United States or foreign broker unless the broker has documentary evidence as to the non-United States shareholder’s foreign status and has no actual knowledge to the contrary.

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Applicable Treasury regulations provide presumptions regarding the status of shareholders when payments to the shareholders cannot be reliably associated with appropriate documentation provided to the payer. If a non-United States shareholder fails to comply with the information reporting requirement, payments to such person may be subject to the full withholding tax even if such person might have been eligible for a reduced rate of withholding or no withholding under an applicable income tax treaty. Because the application of these Treasury regulations varies depending on the shareholder’s particular circumstances, you are urged to consult your tax advisor regarding the information reporting requirements applicable to you.

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts that we withhold under the backup withholding rules will be refunded or credited against the non-United States shareholder’s federal income tax liability if certain required information is furnished to the IRS. Non-United States shareholders should consult with their tax advisors regarding application of backup withholding in their particular circumstances and the availability of and procedure for obtaining an exemption from backup withholding under current Treasury regulations.

Tax Aspects of our Ownership of Interests in the Operating Partnership and Other Partnerships

General. Substantially all of our investments are held indirectly through the operating partnership. In general, partnerships are “pass-through” entities that are not subject to federal income tax at the partnership level. However, a partner is allocated its proportionate share of the items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit of a partnership, and is required to include these items in calculating its tax liability, without regard to whether it receives a distribution from the partnership. We include our proportionate share of these partnership items in our income for purposes of the various REIT income tests and the computation of our REIT taxable income. Moreover, for purposes of the REIT asset tests, we include our proportionate share of assets held through the operating partnership. See “—Taxation of the Company as a REIT—Ownership of Partnership Interests by a REIT” above.

Entity Classification. We believe that the operating partnership and each of the partnerships and limited liability companies in which we own an interest, directly or through another partnership or limited liability company, will be treated as a partnership or disregarded for federal income tax purposes and will not be taxable as a corporation. If any of these entities were treated as a corporation, it would be subject to an entity level tax on its income and we could fail to meet the REIT income and asset tests. See “—Taxation of the Company as a REIT—Asset Tests Applicable to REITs” and “—Taxation of the Company as a REIT—Income Tests Applicable to REITs” above.

A partnership is a “publicly traded partnership” under Section 7704 of the Code if:

(1) interests in the partnership are traded on an established securities market; or

(2) interests in the partnership are readily tradable on a “secondary market” or the “substantial equivalent” of a secondary market.

Under the relevant Treasury regulations, interests in a partnership will not be considered readily tradable on a secondary market or on the substantial equivalent of a secondary market if the partnership qualifies for specified “safe harbors,” which are based on the specific facts and circumstances relating to the partnership.

The operating partnership currently takes the reporting position for federal income tax purposes that it is not a publicly traded partnership. There is a risk, however, that the right of a holder of the operating partnership units to redeem the operating partnership units for common shares could cause the operating partnership units to be considered readily tradable on the substantial equivalent of a secondary market. Moreover, if the operating partnership units were considered to be tradable on the substantial equivalent of a secondary market, either now or in the future, the operating partnership cannot provide any assurance that it would qualify for any of the safe harbors mentioned above, or that, if it currently qualifies for a safe harbor, the operating partnership will continue to qualify for any of the safe harbors in the future.

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If the operating partnership is a publicly traded partnership, it will be taxed as a corporation unless at least 90% of its gross income consists of “qualifying income” under Section 7704 of the Internal Revenue Code. Qualifying income is generally real property rents and other types of passive income. We believe that the operating partnership will have sufficient qualifying income so that it would be taxed as a partnership, even if it were a publicly traded partnership. The income requirements applicable to our Company in order for it to qualify as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code and the definition of qualifying income under the publicly traded partnership rules are very similar. Although differences exist between these two income tests, we do not believe that these differences would cause the operating partnership not to satisfy the 90% gross income test applicable to publicly traded partnerships.

Allocations of Partnership Income, Gain, Loss, Deduction and Credit. A partnership agreement will generally determine the allocation of income and loss among partners. However, those allocations will be disregarded for tax purposes if they do not comply with the provisions of Section 704(b) of the Code and the applicable Treasury regulations, which generally require that partnership allocations respect the economic arrangement of the partners. If an allocation is not recognized for federal income tax purposes, the item subject to the allocation will be reallocated in accordance with the partners’ interests in the partnership, which will be determined by taking into account all of the facts and circumstances relating to the economic arrangement of the partners with respect to the item. The allocations of taxable income and loss provided for in the partnership agreement of the operating partnership are intended to comply with the requirements of Section 704(b) of the Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder.

Tax Allocations with Respect to the Properties. Under Section 704(c) of the Code, income, gain, loss, deduction and credit attributable to a property that is contributed to a partnership in exchange for an interest in the partnership must be allocated in a manner such that the contributing partner is charged with, or benefits from, as applicable, the difference between the adjusted tax basis and the fair market value of property at the time of contribution. The difference is known as the book-tax difference. Section 704(c) allocations are for federal income tax purposes only and do not affect the book capital accounts or other economic or legal arrangements among the partners. Under Treasury regulations promulgated under Section 704(c) of the Code, similar rules apply when a partnership elects to “revalue” its assets in limited situations, such as when a contribution of property is made to a partnership by a new partner.

The partnership agreement of the operating partnership requires that these allocations be made in a manner consistent with Section 704(c) of the Code. Treasury regulations under Section 704(c) of the Code provide partnerships with a choice of several methods of accounting for book-tax differences, including retention of the “traditional method” or the election of alternative methods which would permit any distortions caused by a book-tax difference to be entirely rectified on an annual basis or with respect to a specific taxable transaction such as a sale. We and the operating partnership generally have used the traditional method of accounting for book-tax differences with respect to the properties initially contributed to the operating partnership in its formation or subsequently acquired by merger or contribution. However, the operating partnership may use an alternative method of accounting for book-tax differences with respect to properties contributed to it or acquired by merger in the future.

In general, if any asset contributed to or revalued by the operating partnership is determined to have a fair market value that is greater than its adjusted tax basis, partners who have contributed those assets, including our Company, will be allocated lower amounts of depreciation deductions from those assets for tax purposes by the operating partnership and increased taxable income and gain on sale. Thus, we may be allocated lower depreciation and other deductions, and possibly greater amounts of taxable income in the event of a sale of contributed assets. These amounts may be in excess of the economic or book income allocated to us as a result of the sale. In this regard, it should be noted that, as the general partner of the operating partnership, we will determine, taking into account the tax consequences to us, when and whether to sell any given property. See “—Taxation of the Company as a REIT—Annual Distribution Requirements Applicable to REITs.”

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We will be allocated our share of the operating partnership’s taxable income or loss for each year regardless of the amount of cash that may be distributed to us by the operating partnership. As a result, we could be allocated taxable income for a year in excess of the amount of cash distributed to us. (For example, the Partnership’s net taxable income for a year may be increased due to limitations on the deductibility of its interest expense.) This excess taxable income is sometimes referred to as “phantom income.” Because we rely on cash distributions from the operating partnership to meet our REIT distribution requirements, which are specified percentages of our REIT taxable income, the recognition of this phantom income might adversely affect our ability to comply with those requirements.

Other Tax Consequences for the Company and Our Shareholders

We may be required to pay tax in various state or local jurisdictions, including those in which we transact business, and our shareholders may be required to pay tax in various state or local jurisdictions, including those in which they reside. Our state and local tax treatment may not conform to the federal income tax consequences discussed above. In addition, a shareholder’s state and local tax treatment may not conform to the federal income tax consequences discussed above. Consequently, prospective investors should consult with their tax advisors regarding the effect of state and local tax laws on an investment in our common shares.

A portion of our income is earned through our taxable REIT subsidiaries. The taxable REIT subsidiaries are subject to federal, state and local income tax at the full applicable corporate rates. In addition, a taxable REIT subsidiary will be limited in its ability to deduct interest payments made directly or indirectly to us in excess of a certain amount. To the extent that our Company and our taxable REIT subsidiaries are required to pay federal, state or local taxes, we will have less cash available for distribution to shareholders.

Tax Shelter Reporting

If a shareholder recognizes a loss as a result of a transaction with respect to our shares of at least (i) for a holder that is an individual, S corporation, trust or a partnership with at least one partner that is not a “C” corporation, $2 million or more in a single taxable year or $4 million or more in a combination of taxable years, or (ii) for a holder that is either a “C” corporation or a partnership with only “C” corporation partners, $10 million or more in a single taxable year or $20 million or more in a combination of taxable years, such shareholder may be required to file a disclosure statement with the IRS on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases exempt from this reporting requirement, but shareholders of a REIT currently are not excepted. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.

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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

We may sell the securities in any one or more of the following ways from time to time:

• directly to investors, including through a specific bidding, auction or other process;

• to investors through agents;

• directly to agents;

• to or through brokers or dealers;

• to the public through underwriting syndicates led by one or more managing underwriters;

• in market transactions, including transactions on a national securities exchange or a quotations service or an over-the-counter market (including through an “at the market” offering);

• to one or more underwriters acting alone for resale to investors or to the public; and

• through a combination of these methods or any other legally available means of sale.

If we sell securities to a dealer acting as principal, the dealer may resell such securities at varying prices to be determined by such dealer in its discretion at the time of resale without consulting with us, and such resale prices may not be disclosed in the applicable prospectus supplement.

Any underwritten offering may be on a best efforts or a firm commitment basis. We may also offer securities through subscription rights distributed to our shareholders on a pro rata basis, which may or may not be transferable. In any distribution of subscription rights to shareholders, if all of the underlying securities are not subscribed for, we may then sell the unsubscribed securities directly to third parties or may engage the services of one or more underwriters, dealers or agents, including standby underwriters, to sell the unsubscribed securities to third parties.

Sales of the securities may be effected from time to time in one or more transactions, including negotiated transactions:

• at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed;

• at market prices prevailing at the time of sale;

• at prices related to prevailing market prices; or

• at negotiated prices.

Any of the prices may represent a discount from the then prevailing market prices.

In connection with the sale of any of the securities, underwriters or agents may receive compensation from us in the form of underwriting discounts or commissions and may also receive compensation from purchasers of the securities, for whom they may act as agents, in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions. Underwriters may sell the securities to or through dealers, and such dealers may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the underwriters and/or commissions from the purchasers for whom they may act as agents. Discounts, concessions and commissions may be changed from time to time. Dealers and agents that participate in the distribution of the securities may be deemed to be underwriters under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and any discounts, concessions or commissions they receive from us and any profit on the resale of securities they realize may be deemed to be underwriting compensation under applicable federal and state securities laws.

The applicable prospectus supplement will, where applicable:

• identify any such underwriter, dealer or agent;

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• describe any compensation in the form of discounts, concessions, commissions or otherwise received from us by each such underwriter or agent and in the aggregate by all underwriters and agents;

• describe any discounts, concessions or commissions allowed by underwriters to participating dealers;

• identify the amounts underwritten; and

• identify the nature of the underwriter’s or underwriters’ obligation to take the securities.

Unless otherwise specified in the related prospectus supplement, each series of securities will be a new issue with no established trading market, other than our common shares, which are listed on the New York Stock Exchange. We expect that any common shares sold pursuant to a prospectus supplement will be listed on the New York Stock Exchange, subject to official notice of issuance. We may elect to list any series of debt securities or preferred shares on an exchange, but we are not obligated to do so. It is possible that one or more underwriters may make a market in the securities, but such underwriters will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. No assurance can be given as to the liquidity of, or the trading market for, any offered securities.

We may enter into derivative transactions with third parties, or we may sell securities, including securities of a type described in this prospectus, to third parties in privately negotiated transactions and not pursuant to this prospectus. If disclosed in the applicable prospectus supplement, in connection with those derivative transactions, third parties may sell securities covered by this prospectus and such prospectus supplement, including in short sale transactions. If so, the third party may use securities pledged by us or borrowed from us or from others to settle those short sales or to close out any related open borrowings of securities, and may use securities received from us in settlement of those derivative transactions to close out any related open borrowings of securities. If the third party is or may be deemed to be an underwriter under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, it will be identified in the applicable prospectus supplements.

Until the distribution of the securities is completed, rules of the SEC may limit the ability of any underwriters and selling group members to bid for and purchase the securities. As an exception to these rules, underwriters are permitted to engage in some transactions that stabilize the price of the securities. Such transactions consist of bids or purchases for the purpose of pegging, fixing or maintaining the price of the securities.

Underwriters may engage in overallotment. If any underwriters create a short position in the securities in an offering in which they sell more securities than are set forth on the cover page of the applicable prospectus supplement, the underwriters may reduce that short position by purchasing the securities in the open market.

The lead underwriters may also impose a penalty bid on other underwriters and selling group members participating in an offering. This means that if the lead underwriters purchase securities in the open market to reduce the underwriters’ short position or to stabilize the price of the securities, they may reclaim the amount of any selling concession from the underwriters and selling group members who sold those securities as part of the offering.

In general, purchases of a security for the purpose of stabilization or to reduce a short position could cause the price of the security to be higher than it might be in the absence of such purchases. The imposition of a penalty bid might also have an effect on the price of a security to the extent that it were to discourage resales of the security before the distribution is completed.

We do not make any representation or prediction as to the direction or magnitude of any effect that the transactions described above might have on the price of the securities. In addition, we do not make any representation that underwriters will engage in such transactions or that such transactions, once commenced, will not be discontinued without notice.

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Under agreements into which we may enter, underwriters, dealers and agents who participate in the distribution of the securities may be entitled to indemnification by us against or contribution towards certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under applicable securities laws.

If we offer securities in a subscription rights offering to our existing security holders, we may enter into a standby underwriting agreement with dealers, acting as standby underwriters. We may pay the standby underwriters a committment fee for the securities they commit to purchase on a standby basis. If we do not enter into a standby underwriting agreement, we may retain a deal manager to manage the subscription rights offering for us.

If indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will authorize underwriters or other persons acting as our agents to solicit offers by particular institutions to purchase securities from us at the public offering price set forth in such prospectus supplement pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on the date or dates stated in such prospectus supplement. Each delayed delivery contract will be for an amount no less than, and the aggregate amounts of securities sold under delayed delivery contracts shall be not less nor more than, the respective amounts stated in the applicable prospectus supplement. Institutions with which such contracts, when authorized, may be made include commercial and savings banks, insurance companies, pension funds, investment companies, educational and charitable institutions and others, but will in all cases be subject to our approval. The obligations of any purchaser under any such contract will be subject to the conditions that (a) the purchase of the securities shall not at the time of delivery be prohibited under the laws of any jurisdiction in the United States to which the purchaser is subject, and (b) if the securities are being sold to underwriters, we shall have sold to the underwriters the total amount of the securities less the amount thereof covered by the contracts. The underwriters and such other agents will not have any responsibility in respect of the validity or performance of such contracts.

To comply with applicable state securities laws, the securities offered by this prospectus will be sold, if necessary, in such jurisdictions only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers. In addition, securities may not be sold in some states unless they have been registered or qualified for sale in the applicable state or an exemption from the registration or qualification requirement is available and is complied with.

Underwriters, dealers or agents that participate in the offer of securities, or their affiliates or associates, may have engaged or may engage in transactions with or perform services for the Company, the operating partnership or our affiliates in the ordinary course of business for which they may have paid or received or may pay or receive receive customary fees and reimbursement of expenses.

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LEGAL MATTERS

The legality of the common shares, the preferred shares, the debt securities, the warrants, the rights, the depositary shares and the units offered hereby will be passed upon for us by Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP. Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP will also pass on certain United States federal income tax matters.

EXPERTS

The consolidated financial statements of Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2018, and management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, have been incorporated by reference herein in reliance upon the reports of KPMG LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, incorporated by reference herein, and upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.

The consolidated financial statements of Lehigh Valley Associates and Subsidiary at December 31, 2016 and 2015, and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016, incorporated by reference in this Prospectus and Registration Statement have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent auditors, as set forth in their report thereon incorporated by reference herein, and are included in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.

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PART II

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution

The following table sets forth the costs and expenses expected to be incurred by the registrant in connection with the offerings described in the registration statement. All amounts except the SEC registration fee are estimated.

SEC Registration Fee	$	64,900
Accounting Fees and Expenses		20,000
Legal Fees and Expenses		30,000
Printing Expenses		10,000
Trustees’ Fees		15,000
Miscellaneous		1,000
Total	$	140,900

Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers

Our Trust Agreement, as amended, provides that:

• no trustee shall be personally liable to any person or entity for any of our acts, omissions or obligations;

• no trustee shall be personally liable for monetary damages for any action, or any failure to act, except to the extent a Pennsylvania business corporation’s director would remain liable under the provisions of Section 1713 of the Pennsylvania Business Corporation Law; and

• no officer who performs his duties in good faith, in a manner reasonably believed to be in our best interests and with the care, skill and diligence a person of ordinary prudence would use will be liable by reason of having been an officer.

Pennsylvania law permits, and our Trust Agreement and by-laws provide, that every trustee and officer is entitled as of right to be indemnified by us against reasonable expenses (including attorney’s fees) and any liability, loss, judgment, excise tax, fine, penalty, or settlement such person pays or incurs in connection with an actual (whether pending or completed) or threatened claim, action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative, investigative or otherwise, whether brought by or in our right or otherwise, in which he or she may be involved, as a party or otherwise, by reason of being or having been a trustee or officer or because the person is or was serving in any capacity at our request as a trustee, director, officer, employee, agent, partner, fiduciary or other representative of another REIT, corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other entity provided, however, that:

• no right of indemnification will exist with respect to an action brought by a trustee or officer against us; and

• no indemnification will be made in any case where the act or failure to act giving rise to the claim for indemnification is determined by the final judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction to have constituted willful misconduct or recklessness.

The right to indemnification is contractual in nature and includes the right to be paid in advance the expenses incurred in connection with any proceedings; provided, however, that advance payments must be made in accordance with applicable law and must be accompanied by an undertaking by or on behalf of the applicable trustee or officer to repay all amounts so advanced if it is determined ultimately that the applicable trustee or officer is not entitled to indemnification under our Trust Agreement.

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In addition, our Trust Agreement and Pennsylvania law permit our Company to provide similar indemnification to employees, agents and other persons who are not trustees or officers. Pennsylvania law also permits indemnification in connection with a proceeding brought by or in our Company’s right to procure a judgment in our favor and requires indemnification in certain cases where the trustee or officer is the prevailing party. Certain of the employment agreements our Company has entered into with its officers provide the officer indemnification. Generally, these contracts require us to indemnify the officer to the fullest extent permitted under our Trust Agreement. The limited partnership agreement for our operating partnership also provides for indemnification of our Company, its trustees and its officers for any and all actions with respect to our operating partnership, provided, however, that our operating partnership will not provide indemnity for:

• willful misconduct or knowing violation of the law;

• any transaction where the covered person received an improper personal benefit in violation or breach of our operating partnership’s limited partnership agreement;

• any violation of our operating partnership’s limited partnership agreement; or

• any liability the person may have to our operating partnership under certain specified documents.

Currently, our Company maintains directors’ and officers’ liability insurance for its trustees and officers.

Item 16. Exhibits

The Exhibit Index filed herewith and appearing immediately before the signature page hereto is incorporated by reference.

Item 17. Undertakings

(a) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:

(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:

(i) To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;

(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement;

(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;

Provided, however , that paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii) and (a)(1)(iii) do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to section 13 or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.

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(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

(4) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:

(A) Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and

(B) Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5) or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.

(5) That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:

(i) Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;

(ii) Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;

(iii) The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and

(iv) Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.

(b) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by

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reference in this registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(c) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

(d) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a) of Section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the Securities and Exchange Commission under Section 305(b)(2) of the Act.

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EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number	Description of Document
1.1*	Form of underwriting agreement
3.1**	Amended and Restated Trust Agreement dated December  18, 2008, filed as Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 23, 2008.
3.2**	Designating Amendment to Trust Agreement designating the rights, preferences, privileges, qualification, limitations and restrictions of PREIT’s 8.25% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares, liquidation preference $25.00 per share, par value $0.01 per share, filed as Exhibit 3.2 to PREIT’s Form 8-A filed on April 20, 2012, is incorporated herein by reference.
3.3**	Amendment, dated June 7, 2012, to Amended and Restated Trust Agreement of Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust dated December  18, 2008, as amended, filed as Exhibit 3.1 to PREIT’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 12, 2012, is incorporated herein by reference.
3.4**	Second Designating Amendment to Trust Agreement designating the rights, preferences, privileges, qualification, limitations and restrictions of PREIT’s 7.375% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares, liquidation preference $25.00 per share, par value $0.01 per share, filed as Exhibit 3.2 to PREIT’s Form 8-A filed on October 11, 2012, is incorporated herein by reference.
3.5**	Third Designating Amendment to Trust Agreement designating the rights, preferences, privileges, qualifications, limitations and restrictions of PREIT’s 7.20% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares, liquidation preference $25.00 per share par value $0.01 per share, filed as Exhibit 3.4 to PREIT’s Form 8-A filed on January 27, 2017, is incorporated by reference.
3.6**	Fourth Designating Amendment to Trust Agreement designating the rights, preferences, privileges, qualifications, limitations and restrictions of PREIT’s 6.875% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares, liquidation preferences $25.00 per share par value $0.01 per share, filed as Exhibit 3.5 to PREIT’s Form 8-A filed on September 11, 2017, is incorporated by reference.
3.7**	By-laws, as amended through July 26, 2007, filed as Exhibit 3.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 1, 2007.
4.1	Form of senior debt securities indenture, including form of note
4.2	Form of senior subordinated debt securities indenture, including form of note
4.3	Form of subordinated debt securities indenture, including form of note
4.4*	Form of certificate of designation with respect to any preferred shares of beneficial interest
4.5*	Form of warrant agreement, including form of warrant
4.6*	Form of rights agreement
4.7*	Form of depositary agreement
4.8*	Form of unit agreement
5.1	Opinion of Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP
8.1	Opinion of Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP as to certain United States federal income tax matters
23.1	Consent of KPMG LLP (Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm)
23.2	Consent of Ernst and Young LLP (Independent Auditors)
23.3	Consent of Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)
23.4	Consent of Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP (included in Exhibit 8.1)
24.1	Power of Attorney (see signature page of this Form S-3)

II-5

Exhibit Number	Description of Document
25.1***	Statement of Eligibility on Form T-1 under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, of the trustee under the senior debt securities indenture
25.2***	Statement of Eligibility on Form T-1 under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, of the trustee under the senior subordinated debt securities indenture
25.3***	Statement of Eligibility on Form T-1 under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, of the trustee under the subordinated debt securities indenture

* To be filed by amendment or incorporated by reference in connection with the offering of securities pursuant to this registration statement.

** Incorporated herein by reference as above indicated.

*** To be filed, if necessary, in accordance with Section 305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended.

II-6

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Philadelphia, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, on December 20, 2019.

PENNSYLVANIA REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST
By:	/S/    JOSEPH F. CORADINO
	Joseph F. Coradino       Chief Executive Officer

POWER OF ATTORNEY

Each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints Joseph F. Coradino and Mario C. Ventresca, Jr., and each of them, his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution for him or her in any and all capacities, to sign any or all amendments or post-effective amendments to this registration statement, or any registration statement for the same offering that is to be effective upon filing pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Act, and to file the same, with all exhibits and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and to execute, deliver and file any other documents and instruments in the undersigned’s name or on the undersigned’s behalf which said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or either of them, may determine to be necessary or advisable to comply with the Act and any rules or regulations promulgated thereunder, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary in connection with such matters and hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or either of them, or their substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue of the power of attorney granted hereby.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature	Title	Date
/S/    JOSEPH F. CORADINO Joseph F. Coradino	Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer)	December 20, 2019
/S/    ROBERT F. MCCADDEN Robert F. McCadden	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer and principal accounting officer)	December 20, 2019
/S/    GEORGE J. ALBURGER, JR. George J. Alburger, Jr.	Trustee	December 20, 2019
/S/    MICHAEL J. DEMARCO Michael J. DeMarco	Trustee	December 20, 2019
/S/    JOANNE A. EPPS Joanne A. Epps	Trustee	December 20, 2019

II-7

Signature	Title	Date
/S/    LEONARD I. KORMAN Leonard I. Korman	Trustee	December 20, 2019
/S/    MARK E. PASQUERILLA Mark E. Pasquerilla	Trustee	December 20, 2019
/S/    CHARLES P. PIZZI Charles P. Pizzi	Trustee	December 20, 2019
/S/    JOHN J. ROBERTS John J. Roberts	Trustee	December 20, 2019

II-8

EX-4.1

EXHIBIT 4.1

PENNSYLVANIA REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST

SENIOR

INDENTURE

Dated as of             , 20

Providing for Issuance of Senior Debt Securities in Series

                                                                                          ,

as Trustee

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ARTICLE 1. DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE		1
Section 1.01.	Definitions	1
Section 1.02.	Other Definitions	3
Section 1.03.	Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act	4
Section 1.04.	Rules of Construction	4
Section 1.05.	Acts of Holders	4
ARTICLE 2. THE SECURITIES		5
Section 2.01.	Form and Dating	5
Section 2.02.	Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series	6
Section 2.03.	Denominations	8
Section 2.04.	Execution and Authentication	8
Section 2.05.	Registrar and Paying Agent; Appointment of Depositary	9
Section 2.06.	Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust	9
Section 2.07.	Holder Lists	9
Section 2.08.	Transfer and Exchange	9
Section 2.09.	Replacement Securities	11
Section 2.10.	Outstanding Securities	11
Section 2.11.	Treasury Securities	12
Section 2.12.	Temporary Securities	12
Section 2.13.	Purchase and Cancellation	12
Section 2.14.	Defaulted Interest	12
Section 2.15.	Book Entry Provisions for Global Securities	13
ARTICLE 3. REDEMPTION AND PREPAYMENT		13
Section 3.01.	Applicability of Article	13
Section 3.02.	Selection of Securities to Be Redeemed	14
Section 3.03.	Notice of Redemption	14
Section 3.04.	Effect of Notice of Redemption	15
Section 3.05.	Deposit of Redemption or Purchase Price	15
Section 3.06.	Securities Redeemed or Purchased in Part	15
Section 3.07.	Mandatory Redemption; Sinking Fund	15
ARTICLE 4. COVENANTS		15
Section 4.01.	Payment of Securities	15
Section 4.02.	Maintenance of Office or Agency	15
Section 4.03.	Reports	16
Section 4.04.	Compliance Certificate	16
Section 4.05.	Continued Existence	16
Section 4.06.	Stay, Extension and Usury Laws	17

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ARTICLE 5. SUCCESSORS		17
Section 5.01.	Merger, Consolidation, or Sale of Assets	17
Section 5.02.	Successor Person Substituted	17
ARTICLE 6. DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES		18
Section 6.01.	Events of Default	18
Section 6.02.	Acceleration	19
Section 6.03.	Other Remedies	19
Section 6.04.	Waiver of Past Defaults; Rescission of Acceleration	19
Section 6.05.	Control by Majority	19
Section 6.06.	Limitation on Suits	20
Section 6.07.	Rights of Holders of Securities to Receive Payment	20
Section 6.08.	Collection Suit by Trustee	20
Section 6.09.	Trustee May File Proofs of Claim	20
Section 6.10.	Priorities	21
Section 6.11.	Undertaking for Costs	21
ARTICLE 7. TRUSTEE		21
Section 7.01.	Duties of Trustee	21
Section 7.02.	Rights of Trustee	22
Section 7.03.	Individual Rights of Trustee	22
Section 7.04.	Trustee’s Disclaimer	23
Section 7.05.	Notice of Defaults	23
Section 7.06.	Reports by Trustee to Holders of the Securities	23
Section 7.07.	Compensation and Indemnity	23
Section 7.08.	Replacement of Trustee	24
Section 7.09.	Successor Trustee by Merger, etc.	25
Section 7.10.	Eligibility; Disqualification	25
Section 7.11.	Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company	25
ARTICLE 8. LEGAL DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE		25
Section 8.01.	Option to Effect Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance	25
Section 8.02.	Legal Defeasance and Discharge	26
Section 8.03.	Covenant Defeasance	26
Section 8.04.	Conditions to Legal or Covenant Defeasance	27
Section 8.05.	Deposited Money and U.S. Government Obligations to be Held in Trust; Other Miscellaneous Provisions	28
Section 8.06.	Repayment to Company	28
Section 8.07.	Reinstatement	28

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ARTICLE 9. AMENDMENT, SUPPLEMENT AND WAIVER		29
Section 9.01.	Without Consent of Holders of Securities	29
Section 9.02.	With Consent of Holders of Securities	30
Section 9.03.	Compliance with Trust Indenture Act	31
Section 9.04.	Revocation and Effect of Consents	31
Section 9.05.	Notation on or Exchange of Securities	31
Section 9.06.	Trustee to Sign Amendments, etc.	31
ARTICLE 10. MEETINGS OF HOLDERS		31
Section 10.01.	Purposes for Which Meeting May Be Called	31
Section 10.02.	Call, Notice and Place of Meetings	32
Section 10.03.	Persons Entitled to Vote at Meetings	32
Section 10.04.	Quorum; Action.	32
Section 10.05.	Determination of Voting Rights; Conduct and Adjournment of Meetings	33
Section 10.06.	Counting Votes and Recording Action of Meetings	33
Section 10.07.	Article Subject to Other Provisions	34
ARTICLE 11. MISCELLANEOUS		34
Section 11.01.	Trust Indenture Act Controls	34
Section 11.02.	Notices	34
Section 11.03.	Communication by Holders of Securities with Other Holders of Securities	35
Section 11.04.	Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent	35
Section 11.05.	Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion	35
Section 11.06.	Rules by Trustee and Agents	35
Section 11.07.	No Personal Liability of Trustees, Officers, Employees and Stockholders	35
Section 11.08.	Governing Law	36
Section 11.09.	No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements	36
Section 11.10.	Successors	36
Section 11.11.	Severability	36
Section 11.12.	Counterpart Originals	36
Section 11.13.	Table of Contents, Headings, etc.	36

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Reconciliation and Tie Between the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and Indenture dated as of                     , between Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust and                     , as Trustee

Act Section	Indenture Section
310(a)(1)	7.10
310(a)(2)	7.10
310(a)(3)	N/A
310(a)(4)	N/A
310(a)(5)	7.10
310(b)	7.03, 7.08, 7.10
310(c)	N/A
311(a)	7.11
311(b)	7.11
311(c)	N/A
312(a)	2.07
312(b)	2.07, 11.03
312(c)	2.07, 11.03
313(a)	7.06
313(b)	7.06
313(c)	7.06, 11.02
313(d)	7.06
314(a)	4.03
314(b)	N/A
314(c)	4.04, 11.05
314(d)	N/A
314(e)	11.05
314(f)	N/A
315(a)	7.01
315(b)	7.05
315(c)	7.01
315(d)	7.01
315(e)	6.11
316(a)(1)	6.04, 6.05
316(a)(2)	N/A
316(a) last sentence	2.11
316(b)	6.07
317(a)	6.08, 6.09
317(b)	2.06
318(a)	11.01
318(c)	11.01

* Note: This reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be a part of the Indenture

iv

INDENTURE dated as of                     between Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust, a Pennsylvania business trust, and                      , as Trustee.

The Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the issuance from time to time of its secured or unsecured debentures, notes, bonds or other evidences of indebtedness (“Securities”) to be issued in one or more series as herein provided.

All things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement of the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.

For and in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the Securities by the Holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed as follows for the equal and ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities:

ARTICLE 1.

DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION

BY REFERENCE

Section 1.01. DEFINITIONS.

“Affiliate” of any specified Person means any other Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with such specified Person. For purposes of this definition, “control” (including, with correlative meanings, the terms “controlling,” “controlled by” and “under common control with”), as used with respect to any Person, shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of such Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by agreement or otherwise; provided, however, that beneficial ownership of 10% or more of the voting securities of a Person shall be deemed to be control.

“Agent” means any Registrar or Paying Agent.

“Agent Members” has the meaning specified in Section 2.15.

“Bankruptcy Law” means Title 11, U.S. Code or any similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors.

“Board” or “Board of Trustees” means the Board of Trustees of the Company or any authorized committee of the Board of Trustees.

“Board Resolution” means a resolution of the Board of Trustees.

“Business Day” means any day other than a Legal Holiday.

“Clearstream” means Clearstream Banking, a société anonyme (or any successor securities clearing agency).

“Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

“Company” means Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust, a Pennsylvania business trust, and any and all successors thereto.

“Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee” shall be the address of the Trustee specified in Section 11.02 hereof or such other address as to which the Trustee may give notice to the Company.

“Custodian” means the Trustee, as custodian with respect to Securities in global form, or any successor entity thereto.

“Default” means any event that is, or with the passage of time or the giving of notice or both would be, an Event of Default.

1

“Depositary” means, with respect to any series of Securities issuable or issued in whole or in part in global form, the Person specified in Section 2.05 hereof as the Depositary with respect to the Global Securities of that series, and any and all successors thereto registered and in good standing as a clearing agency under the Exchange Act, appointed as depositary hereunder and having become such pursuant to the applicable provision of this Indenture.

“Euroclear” means Euroclear Bank S.A./N.V., as operator of the Euroclear system (or any successor clearing agency).

“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

“Global Securities” means, individually and collectively, the Securities issued in global form issued in accordance with Sections 2.01, 2.08 and 2.15 hereof.

“Holder” means a Person in whose name a Security is registered.

“Indenture” means this Indenture, as amended, waived or supplemented from time to time and shall include and incorporate by reference the forms and terms of particular series of Securities established as contemplated hereunder.

“Indirect Participant” means a Person who holds a beneficial interest in a Global Security through a Participant.

“Interest Payment Date” when used with respect to any Security, means the Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on such Security.

“Legal Holiday” means a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which banking institutions in the City of New York or at a place of payment are authorized by law, regulation or executive order to remain closed. If a payment date is a Legal Holiday at a place of payment, payment may be made at that place on the next succeeding day that is not a Legal Holiday, and no interest shall accrue on such payment for the intervening period.

“Officer” means, with respect to any Person, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Chief Operating Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, the Treasurer, any Assistant Treasurer, the Controller, the principal accounting officer, the Secretary, any Assistant Secretary, any Vice President or any Assistant Vice President of such Person.

“Officers’ Certificate” means a certificate signed on behalf of the Company by two Officers of the Company, one of whom must be the principal executive officer, the principal financial officer, the treasurer or the principal accounting officer of the Company, that meets the requirements of Section 11.05 hereof.

“Opinion of Counsel” means an opinion from legal counsel that meets the requirements of Section 11.05 hereof. The counsel may be an employee of or counsel to the Company, any Subsidiary of the Company or the Trustee.

“Participant” means, with respect to the Depositary, Euroclear or Clearstream, a Person who has an account with the Depositary, Euroclear or Clearstream.

“Person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, association, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or government or agency or political subdivision thereof.

“Responsible Officer” when used with respect to the Trustee, means any officer within the Corporate Trust Administration department of the Trustee (or any successor group of the Trustee) or any other officer of the Trustee customarily performing functions similar to those performed by any of the above designated officers and also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter, any other officer to whom such matter is referred because of his knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject.

2

“SEC” means the Securities and Exchange Commission.

“Securities” has the meaning assigned to it in the preamble to this Indenture.

“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

“Significant Subsidiary” means any Subsidiary that would be a “significant subsidiary” as defined in Article 1, Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X, promulgated pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Regulation is in effect on the date of this Indenture.

“Stated Maturity” means, with respect to the payment of any interest or principal on any series of Securities, the date on which such payment of interest or principal is scheduled to be paid thereon by its terms as in effect from time to time, and does not include any contingent obligation to repay, redeem or repurchase any such interest or principal prior to the date scheduled for the payment thereof.

“Subsidiary” means, with respect to any Person, (i) any corporation, association or other business entity of which more than 50% of the total voting power of shares of capital stock or other equity interests entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors, managers or trustees thereof is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such Person or one or more of the other Subsidiaries of such Person (or a combination thereof) and (ii) any partnership (a) the sole general partner or the managing general partner of which is such a Person or a Subsidiary of such Person or (b) the only general partners of which are such Person or one or more Subsidiaries of such Person (or any combination thereof.)

“TIA” means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (15 U.S.C. §§ 77aaa-77bbbb as amended) as in effect on the date on which this Indenture is qualified under the TIA.

“Trustee” means the party named as such above until a successor replaces it in accordance with the applicable provisions of this Indenture and thereafter means the successor serving hereunder.

“U.S. Government Obligations” means securities that are (i) direct obligations of the United States of America for the payment of which its full faith and credit is pledged or (ii) obligations of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States of America the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the United States of America, which, in either case under clauses (i) or (ii), are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof, and shall also include a depository receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to any such U.S. Government Obligation or a specific payment of interest on or principal of any such U.S. Government Obligation held by such custodian for the account of the holder of a depository receipt, provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depository receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the U.S. Government Obligation or the specific payment of interest on or principal of the U.S. Government Obligation evidenced by such depository receipt.

Section 1.02. OTHER DEFINITIONS.

Term	Defined in Section
“Act”		1.05
“Authentication Order”		2.04
“Covenant Defeasance”		8.03
“custodian”		6.01
“Event of Default”		6.01
“Legal Defeasance”		8.02
“Notice of Default”		6.01
“outstanding”		8.02
“Paying Agent”		2.05
“Registrar”		2.05

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Section 1.03. INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE OF TRUST INDENTURE ACT.

Whenever this Indenture refers to a provision of the TIA, the provision is incorporated by reference in and made a part of this Indenture.

The following TIA terms used in this Indenture have the following meanings:

“indenture security holder” means a Holder of a Security;

“indenture to be qualified” means this Indenture;

“indenture trustee” or “institutional trustee” means the Trustee;

“obligor” on the Securities means the Company and any successor obligor upon the Securities.

All other terms used in this Indenture that are defined by the TIA, defined by TIA reference to another statute or defined by SEC rule under the TIA and not otherwise defined herein have the meanings so assigned to them.

Section 1.04. RULES OF CONSTRUCTION.

For the purposes of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise requires:

(1)    a term has the meaning assigned to it;

(2)    an accounting term not otherwise defined has the meaning assigned to it in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles;

(3)    “or” is not exclusive;

(4)    words in the singular include the plural, and in the plural include the singular;

(5)    provisions apply to successive events and transactions; and

(6)    references to sections of or rules under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act shall be deemed to include substitute, replacement and successor sections or rules adopted by the SEC from time to time.

Section 1.05. ACTS OF HOLDERS.

(a)    Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided or permitted by this Indenture to be given or taken by Holders may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments of substantially similar tenor signed by such Holders, in person or by an agent duly appointed in writing or may be embodied in and evidenced by the record of Holders voting in favor thereof, either in person or by proxies duly appointed in writing, at any meeting of Holders duly called and held in accordance with the provisions of Article 10, or a combination of such instruments or record and, except as herein otherwise expressly provided, such action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments or record or both are delivered to the Trustee and, where it is hereby expressly required, to the Company. Such instrument or instruments and any such record (and the action embodied therein and evidenced thereby) are herein sometimes referred to as the “Act” of Holders signing such instrument or instruments and so voting at any such meeting. Proof of execution of any such instrument or of a writing appointing any such agent or proxy shall be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture and conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the Company, if made in the manner provided in this Section and Section 10.06. The record of any meeting of Holders shall be proved in the manner provided in Section 10.06.

(b)    Without limiting the generality of this Section, unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, a Holder, including a Depositary that is a Holder of a Global Security, may make, give or take, by a proxy, or proxies, duly appointed in writing, any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver

4

or other action provided in or pursuant to this Indenture to be made, given or taken by Holders, and a Depositary that is a Holder of a Global Security may provide its proxy or proxies to the beneficial owners of interests in any such Global Security through such Depositary’s standing instructions and customary practices.

(c)    The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such instrument or writing may be proved in any manner which the Trustee deems sufficient.

(d)    The ownership of Securities shall be proved by the Register.

ARTICLE 2.

THE SECURITIES

Section 2.01. FORM AND DATING.

(a)    General. The Securities of each series shall be in substantially such form as shall be established by or pursuant to a Board Resolution or in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in each case with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as are required or permitted by this Indenture, and may have such letters, numbers or other marks of identification and such legends or endorsements placed thereon as may be required to comply with the rules of any applicable securities exchange, organizational document, governing instrument or law or as may, consistently herewith, be determined by the officers executing such Securities as evidenced by their execution of the Securities. If temporary Securities of any series are issued as permitted by Section 2.12, the form thereof also shall be established as provided in the preceding sentence. If the forms of Securities of any series are established by, or by action taken pursuant to, a Board Resolution, a copy of the Board Resolution, certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by the Board of Trustees and to be in full force and effect on the date of the certificate, together with an appropriate record of any such action taken pursuant thereto, including a copy of the approved form of Securities, shall be delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Authentication Order contemplated by Section 2.04 or 2.12, as applicable, for the authentication and delivery of such Securities. The Trustee’s certificate of authentication shall be in substantially the following form:

This is one of the Securities of the series described in the within-mentioned Indenture.

as Trustee
By:
	Authorized Signatory

(b)    Global Securities. If Securities of or within a series are issuable in whole or in part in global form, any such Security may provide that it shall represent the aggregate or specified amount of outstanding Securities from time to time endorsed thereon and may also provide that the aggregate amount of outstanding Securities represented thereby may from time to time be reduced or increased to reflect exchanges. Any endorsement of a Security in global form to reflect the amount, or any increase or decrease in the amount, or changes in the rights of Holders, of outstanding Securities represented thereby, shall be made in such manner and by such Person or Persons as shall be specified therein or upon the written order of the Company signed by an Officer to be delivered to the Trustee pursuant to Section 2.04 or 2.12. Subject to the provisions of Section 2.04, Section 2.12, if applicable, and Section 2.08, the Trustee shall deliver and redeliver any Security in permanent global form in the manner and upon instructions given by the Person or Persons specified therein or in the applicable written order of the Company signed by an Officer. Any instructions by the Company with respect to endorsement or delivery or redelivery of a Security in global form shall be in writing.

The provisions of the last paragraph of Section 2.04 shall apply to any Security in global form if such Security was never issued and sold by the Company.

Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 2.01, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.02, payment of principal of, premium, if any, and interest on any Security in permanent global form shall be made to the Holder thereof.

5

Section 2.02. AMOUNT UNLIMITED; ISSUABLE IN SERIES.

(a)    The aggregate principal amount of Securities which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be issued from time to time in one or more series.

(b)    The following matters shall be established with respect to each series of Securities issued hereunder (i) by a Board Resolution, (ii) by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution and set forth, or determined in the manner provided, in an Officers’ Certificate or (iii) in one or more indentures supplemental hereto:

(1)    the title of the Securities of the series (which title shall distinguish the Securities of the series from all other series of Securities);

(2)    any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of the series which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (which limit shall not pertain to Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of the series pursuant to Section 2.08, 2.09, 2.12, 3.06 or 9.05 or any Securities that, pursuant to Section 2.04, are deemed never to have been authenticated and delivered hereunder);

(3)    the date or dates on which the principal of and premium, if any, on the Securities of the series is payable or the method or methods of determination thereof;

(4)    the rate or rates at which the Securities of the series shall bear interest, if any, or the method or methods of calculating such rate or rates of interest, the date or dates from which such interest shall accrue or the method or methods by which such date or dates shall be determined, the Interest Payment Dates on which any such interest shall be payable, the right, if any, of the Company to defer or extend an Interest Payment Date, the record date, if any, for the interest payable on any Security on any Interest Payment Date, and the basis upon which interest shall be calculated if other than that of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months;

(5)    the place or places where the principal of, premium, if any, and interest, if any, on Securities of the series shall be payable, any Securities of the series may be surrendered for registration of transfer, Securities of the series may be surrendered for exchange and notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of the series and this Indenture may be served and notices to Holders pursuant to Section 11.02 will be published;

(6)    the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which, the currency or currencies (including currency unit or units) in which, and the other terms and conditions upon which, Securities of the series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company and, if other than as provided in Section 3.02, the manner in which the particular Securities of such series (if less than all Securities of such series are to be redeemed) are to be selected for redemption;

(7)    the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or purchase Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions or upon the happening of a specified event or at the option of a Holder thereof and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which, the currency or currencies (including currency unit or units) in which, and the other terms and conditions upon which, Securities of the series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;

(8)    if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof, the denominations in which Securities of the series shall be issuable;

(9)    if other than U.S. dollars, the currency or currencies (including currency unit or units) in which the principal of, premium, if any, and interest, if any, on the Securities of the series shall be payable, or in which the Securities of the series shall be denominated, and the particular provisions applicable;

(10)    if the payments of principal of, premium, if any, or interest, if any, on the Securities of the series are to be made, at the election of the Company or a Holder, in a currency or currencies (including currency unit or units) other than that in which such Securities are denominated or designated to be payable, the currency or

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currencies (including currency unit or units) in which such payments are to be made, the terms and conditions of such payments and the manner in which the exchange rate with respect to such payments shall be determined, and the particular provisions applicable thereto;

(11)    if the amount of payments of principal of, premium, if any, and interest, if any, on the Securities of the series shall be determined with reference to an index, formula or other method (which index, formula or method may be based, without limitation, on a currency or currencies (including currency unit or units) other than that in which the Securities of the series are denominated or designated to be payable), the index, formula or other method by which such amounts shall be determined and any special voting or defeasance provisions in connection therewith;

(12)    if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of such Securities of the series which shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration thereof pursuant to Section 6.02 or the method by which such portion shall be determined;

(13)    the Person to whom any interest on any Security of the series shall be payable;

(14)    provisions, if any, granting special rights to the Holders of Securities of the series upon the occurrence of such events as may be specified;

(15)    any deletions from, modifications of or additions to the Events of Default set forth in Section 6.01 or covenants of the Company set forth in Article 4 pertaining to the Securities of the series;

(16)    under what circumstances, if any, and with what procedures and documentation the Company will pay additional amounts on the Securities of that series held by a Person who is not a U.S. Person (including any definition of such term) in respect of taxes, assessments or similar charges withheld or deducted and, if so, whether the Company will have the option to redeem such Securities rather than pay such additional amounts (and the terms of any such option);

(17)    the forms of the Securities of the series;

(18)    the applicability, if any, to the Securities of the series of Sections 8.02 and 8.03, or such other means of defeasance or covenant defeasance as may be specified for the Securities of such series;

(19)    if other than the Trustee, the identity of the Registrar and any Paying Agent;

(20)    if the Securities of the series shall be issued in whole or in part in global form, (A) the Depositary for such Global Securities, (B) whether beneficial owners of interests in any Securities of the series in global form may exchange such interests for certificated Securities of such series, to be registered in the names of or to be held by such beneficial owners or their nominees and to be of like tenor of any authorized form and denomination, and (C) if other than as provided in Section 2.08, the circumstances under which any such exchange may occur;

(21)    the designation of the Depositary;

(22)    any restrictions on the registration, transfer or exchange of the Securities;

(23)    if the Securities of the series may be issued or delivered (whether upon original issuance or upon exchange of a temporary Security of such series or otherwise), or any installment of principal or interest is payable, only upon receipt of certain certificates or other documents or satisfaction of other conditions in addition to those specified in this Indenture, the form and terms of such certificates, documents or conditions;

(24)    the terms and conditions of any right to convert or exchange Securities of the series into or for other securities or property of the Company;

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(25)    whether the Securities are secured or unsecured, and if secured, the security and related terms in connection therewith; and

(26)    any other terms of the series, including any terms which may be required by or advisable under United States laws or regulations or advisable (as determined by the Company) in connection with the marketing of Securities of the series.

(c)    All Securities of any one series shall be substantially identical except as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided (i) by a Board Resolution, (ii) by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution and set forth, or determined in the manner provided, in the related Officers’ Certificate or (iii) in an indenture supplemental hereto. All Securities of any one series need not be issued at the same time and, unless otherwise provided, a series may be reopened, without the consent of the Holders, for issuances of additional Securities of such series.

(d)    If any of the terms of the Securities of any series are established by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution, a copy of such Board Resolution shall be delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Officers’ Certificate setting forth, or providing the manner for determining, the terms of the Securities of such series, and an appropriate record of any action taken pursuant thereto in connection with the issuance of any Securities of such series shall be delivered to the Trustee prior to the authentication and delivery thereof.

Section 2.03. DENOMINATIONS.

Unless otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 2.02, Securities of a series denominated in U.S. dollars shall be issuable in denominations of U.S. $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof. Securities denominated in a foreign currency shall be issuable in such denominations as are established with respect to such Securities in or pursuant to this Indenture.

Section 2.04. EXECUTION AND AUTHENTICATION.

An Officer shall sign the Securities for the Company by manual or facsimile signature.

If an Officer whose signature is on a Security no longer holds that office at the time a Security is authenticated, the Security shall nevertheless be valid.

A Security shall not be valid until authenticated by the manual signature of the Trustee. The signature shall be conclusive evidence that the Security has been authenticated under this Indenture.

The Trustee shall, upon a written order of the Company signed by an Officer (an “Authentication Order”), together with an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, authenticate Securities for original issue in the aggregate principal amount stated in the Authentication Order. The Officer’s Certificate and Opinion of Counsel shall each state that all conditions precedent provided for or relating to the issuance of such Securities have been complied with.

The Trustee may appoint an authenticating agent acceptable to the Company to authenticate Securities. An authenticating agent may authenticate Securities whenever the Trustee may do so. Each reference in this Indenture to authentication by the Trustee includes authentication by such agent. An authenticating agent has the same rights as an Agent to deal with Holders or an Affiliate of the Company.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any Security shall have been authenticated and delivered hereunder but never issued and sold by the Company, and the Company shall deliver such Security to the Trustee for cancellation as provided in Section 2.13 together with a written statement stating that such Security has never been issued and sold by the Company, for all purposes of this Indenture such Security shall be deemed never to have been authenticated and delivered hereunder and shall not be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture.

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Section 2.05. REGISTRAR AND PAYING AGENT; APPOINTMENT OF DEPOSITARY.

The Company shall maintain an office or agency where Securities may be presented for registration of transfer or for exchange (“Registrar”) and an office or agency where Securities may be presented for payment (“Paying Agent”). The Registrar shall keep a register of the Securities and of their transfer and exchange. The Company may appoint one or more co-registrars and one or more additional paying agents. The term “Registrar” includes any co-registrar and the term “Paying Agent” includes any additional paying agent. The Company may change any Paying Agent or Registrar without notice to any Holder. The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee in writing of the name and address of any Agent not a party to this Indenture. If the Company fails to appoint or maintain another entity as Registrar or Paying Agent, the Trustee shall act as such. The Company or any of its Subsidiaries may act as Paying Agent or Registrar.

The Company initially appoints The Depository Trust Company to act as Depositary with respect to the Global Securities.

The Company initially appoints the Trustee to act as the Registrar and Paying Agent with respect to the Securities and to act as Custodian with respect to the Global Securities.

Section 2.06. PAYING AGENT TO HOLD MONEY IN TRUST.

The Company shall require each Paying Agent other than the Trustee to agree in writing that the Paying Agent will hold in trust for the benefit of Holders or the Trustee all money held by the Paying Agent for the payment of principal, premium or interest on the Securities or other payment in respect of the Securities or otherwise held by it as Paying Agent, and will notify the Trustee of any default by the Company in making any such payment when due. While any such default continues, the Trustee may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. The Company at any time may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. Upon payment over to the Trustee, the Paying Agent (if other than the Company or a Subsidiary) shall have no further liability for the money. If the Company or a Subsidiary acts as Paying Agent, it shall segregate and hold in a separate trust fund for the benefit of the Holders all money held by it as Paying Agent. Upon any bankruptcy or reorganization proceedings relating to the Company, the Trustee shall serve as Paying Agent for the Securities.

Section 2.07. HOLDER LISTS.

The Trustee shall preserve in as current a form as is reasonably practicable the most recent list available to it of the names and addresses of all Holders and shall otherwise comply with TIA §312. If the Trustee is not the Registrar, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee at least seven Business Days before each Interest Payment Date and at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing, a list in such form and as of such date as the Trustee may reasonably require of the names and addresses of the Holders of Securities, and the Company shall otherwise comply with TIA §312.

Section 2.08. TRANSFER AND EXCHANGE.

(a)    Upon surrender for registration of transfer of any certificated Security of any series at the office or agency maintained pursuant to Section 4.02 in a place of payment for that series, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in the name of the designated transferee or transferees, one or more new certificated Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations and of a same aggregate principal amount and like tenor and containing identical terms and provisions.

(b)    At the option of the Holder, Securities of any series (except a Security in global form) may be exchanged for other Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations, of a same aggregate principal amount and like tenor and containing identical terms and provisions, upon surrender of the Securities to be exchanged at such office or agency. Whenever any Securities are so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, the Securities which the Holder making the exchange is entitled to receive.

(c)    Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section, unless and until it is exchanged in whole or in part for Securities in certificated form, a Security in global form representing all or a portion of the Securities of a

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series may not be transferred except as a whole by the Depositary for such series to a nominee of such Depositary or by a nominee of such Depositary to such Depositary or another nominee of such Depositary or by such Depositary or any such nominee to a successor Depositary for such series or a nominee of such successor Depositary.

(d)    If at any time the Depositary for the Securities of a series notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for the Securities of such series or if at any time the Depositary for the Securities of such series shall no longer be registered and in good standing as a clearing agency under the Exchange Act, the Company shall appoint a successor Depositary with respect to the Securities of such series. If a successor Depositary for the Securities of such series is not appointed by the Company prior to the resignation of the Depositary and, in any event, within 90 days after the Company receives such notice or becomes aware of such ineligibility, the Company’s designation of the Depositary pursuant to Section 2.02(b)(21) shall no longer be effective with respect to the Securities of such series and the Company shall execute, and the Trustee, upon receipt of an Authentication Order for the authentication and delivery of certificated Securities of such series of like tenor, shall authenticate and deliver, Securities of such series of like tenor in certificated form, in authorized denominations and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Security or Securities of such series of like tenor in global form in exchange for such Security or Securities in global form.

(e)    The Company may at any time in its sole discretion determine that all (but not less than all) Securities of a series issued in global form shall no longer be represented by such a Security or Securities in global form. In such event the Company shall execute, and the Trustee, upon receipt of an Authentication Order for the authentication and delivery of certificated Securities of such series of like tenor, shall authenticate and deliver, Securities of such series of like tenor in certificated form, in authorized denominations and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Security or Securities of such series of like tenor in global form in exchange for such Security or Securities in global form.

(f)    If specified by the Company pursuant to Section 2.02 or this Section 2.08 with respect to a series of Securities, the Depositary for such series may surrender a Security in global form of such series in exchange in whole or in part for Securities of such series in certificated form on such terms as are acceptable to the Company and the Depositary. Thereupon, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, without service charge,

(i) to each Person specified by the Depositary a new certificated Security or Securities of the same series of like tenor, of any authorized denomination as requested by such Person in aggregate principal amount equal to and in exchange for such Person’s beneficial interest in the Security in global form; and

(ii) to the Depositary a new Security in global form of like tenor in a denomination equal to the difference, if any, between the principal amount of the surrendered Security in global form and the aggregate principal amount of certificated Securities delivered to Holders thereof.

(g)    Upon the exchange of a Security in global form for Securities in certificated form, such Security in global form shall be canceled by the Trustee. Securities in certificated form issued in exchange for a Security in global form pursuant to this Section shall be registered in such names and in such authorized denominations as the Depositary for such Security in global form, pursuant to instructions from its direct or Indirect Participants or otherwise, shall instruct the Trustee in writing. The Trustee shall deliver such Securities to the Persons in whose names such Securities are so registered.

(h)    Whenever any Securities are surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, the Securities which the Holder making the exchange is entitled to receive.

(i)    All Securities issued upon any registration of transfer or upon any exchange of Securities shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing the same debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Securities surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange.

(j)    Every Security presented or surrendered for registration of transfer or for exchange shall (if so required by the Company, the Registrar or the Trustee) be duly endorsed, or be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company, the Registrar and the Trustee duly executed by the Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing.

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(k)    No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or for any exchange of Securities, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any registration or transfer or exchange of Securities, other than exchanges pursuant to Section 2.12 or 3.06 not involving any transfer.

(l)    The Company shall not be required (i) to issue, register the transfer of, or exchange any Securities for a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before any selection for redemption of Securities of like tenor and of the series of which such Security is a part and ending at the close of business on the earliest date on which the relevant notice of redemption is deemed to have been given to all Holders of Securities of like tenor and of such series to be redeemed; or (ii) to register the transfer of or exchange any Security so selected for redemption, in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any Security being redeemed in part.

(m)    The foregoing provisions relating to registration, transfer and exchange may be modified, supplemented or superseded with respect to any series of Securities by a Board Resolution or in one or more indentures supplemental hereto.

(n)    At such time as all beneficial interests in a particular Global Security have been exchanged for certificated Securities or a particular Global Security has been redeemed, repurchased or canceled in whole and not in part, each such Global Security shall be returned to or retained and canceled by the Trustee in accordance with Section 2.13 hereof. At any time prior to such cancellation, if any beneficial interest in a Global Security is exchanged for or transferred to a Person who will take delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in another Global Security or for certificated Securities, the principal amount of Securities represented by such Global Security shall be reduced accordingly and an endorsement shall be made on such Global Security by the Trustee or by the Depositary at the direction of the Trustee to reflect such reduction; and if the beneficial interest is being exchanged for or transferred to a Person who will take delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in another Global Security, such other Global Security shall be increased accordingly and an endorsement shall be made on such Global Security by the Trustee or by the Depositary at the direction of the Trustee to reflect such increase.

(o)    Prior to due presentment for the registration of a transfer of any Security, the Trustee, any Agent and the Company may deem and treat the Person in whose name any Security is registered as the absolute owner of such Security for the purpose of receiving payment of principal of and interest on such Securities and for all other purposes, and neither the Trustee, any Agent nor the Company shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

Section 2.09. REPLACEMENT SECURITIES.

If any mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee or the Company and the Trustee receives evidence to its satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security, the Company shall issue and the Trustee, upon receipt of an Authentication Order, shall authenticate a replacement Security if the Trustee’s requirements are met. If required by the Trustee or the Company, an indemnity bond must be supplied by the Holder that is sufficient in the judgment of the Trustee and the Company to protect the Company, the Trustee, any Agent and any authenticating agent from any loss that any of them may suffer if a Security is replaced. The Company may charge for its expenses in replacing a Security.

Every replacement Security is an additional obligation of the Company and shall be entitled to all of the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with all other Securities duly issued hereunder.

Section 2.10. OUTSTANDING SECURITIES.

The Securities outstanding at any time are all the Securities authenticated by the Trustee except for those canceled by it, those delivered to it for cancellation, those reductions in the interest in a Global Security effected by the Trustee in accordance with the provisions hereof, and those described in this Section as not outstanding. Except as set forth in Section 2.11 hereof, a Security does not cease to be outstanding because the Company or an Affiliate of the Company holds the Security.

If a Security is replaced pursuant to Section 2.09 hereof, it ceases to be outstanding unless the Trustee receives proof satisfactory to it that the replaced Security is held by a “protected purchaser” (within the meaning of Article 8 of the Uniform Commercial Code) or a Person with comparable status under other applicable law.

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If the principal amount of any Security is considered paid under Section 4.01 hereof, it ceases to be outstanding and interest on it ceases to accrue.

If the Paying Agent (other than the Company, a Subsidiary of the Company or an Affiliate of any thereof) holds, on a redemption date or maturity date, money sufficient to pay Securities payable on that date, then on and after that date such Securities shall be deemed to be no longer outstanding and shall cease to accrue interest.

Section 2.11. TREASURY SECURITIES.

In determining whether the Holders of the required principal amount of Securities have concurred in any direction, waiver or consent, Securities owned by the Company, or by any Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with the Company, shall be considered as though not outstanding, except that for the purposes of determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such direction, waiver or consent, only Securities that the Trustee knows are so owned shall be so disregarded.

Section 2.12. TEMPORARY SECURITIES.

Until certificates representing Securities are ready for delivery, the Company may prepare and the Trustee, upon receipt of an Authentication Order, shall authenticate temporary Securities. Temporary Securities shall be substantially in the form of definitive Securities but may have variations that the Company considers appropriate for temporary Securities and as shall be reasonably acceptable to the Trustee. Without unreasonable delay, the Company shall prepare and the Trustee shall authenticate definitive Securities in exchange for temporary Securities.

Holders of temporary Securities shall be entitled to all of the benefits of this Indenture.

Section 2.13. PURCHASE AND CANCELLATION.

The Company at any time may deliver Securities to the Trustee for cancellation. The Registrar and Paying Agent shall forward to the Trustee any Securities surrendered to them for registration of transfer, exchange or payment. The Trustee and no one else shall cancel all Securities surrendered for registration of transfer, exchange, payment, replacement or cancellation and shall destroy canceled Securities (subject to the record retention requirement of the Exchange Act). Certification of the destruction of all canceled Securities shall be delivered to the Company. The Company may not issue new Securities to replace Securities that it has paid or that have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation.

The Company may, to the extent permitted by law, and directly or indirectly (regardless of whether such Securities are surrendered to the Company), repurchase Securities in the open market or otherwise, without giving prior notice to Holders, whether by the Company or the Company’s Subsidiaries or through a private or public tender or exchange offer or through counterparties to private agreements, including by cash-settled swaps or other derivatives. The Company may cause any Securities so repurchased (other than Securities repurchased pursuant to cash-settled swaps or other derivatives) to be surrendered to the Trustee for cancellation in accordance with this Section 2.13 and any such Securities shall no longer be considered outstanding under this Indenture upon such repurchase.

Section 2.14. DEFAULTED INTEREST.

If the Company defaults in a payment of interest on the Securities, it shall pay the defaulted interest in any lawful manner plus, to the extent lawful, interest payable on the defaulted interest, to the Persons who are Holders on a subsequent special record date, in each case at the rate provided in the Securities. The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of defaulted interest proposed to be paid on each Security and the date of the proposed payment. The Company shall fix or cause to be fixed each such special record date and payment date, provided that no such special record date shall be less than 10 days prior to the related payment date for such defaulted interest. At least 15 days before the special record date, the Company (or, upon the written request of the Company, the Trustee in the name and at the expense of the Company) shall mail or cause to be mailed to Holders a notice that states the special record date, the related payment date and the amount of such interest to be paid. Subject

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to the foregoing provisions of this Section, each Security delivered under this Indenture upon registration of transfer of or in exchange for or in lieu of any other Security shall carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such other Security.

Section 2.15. BOOK-ENTRY PROVISIONS FOR GLOBAL SECURITIES.

(a)    Except as otherwise specified in any Security of any series or supplemental indenture with respect to such Securities, the Securities of each series issued hereunder shall initially be issued in the form of one or more Global Securities without interest coupons (i) registered in the name of Cede & Co., as nominee of the Depositary and (ii) delivered to the Trustees as custodian for the Depositary.

Members of, or participants in, the Depositary (“Agent Members”) shall have no rights under this Indenture with respect to any Global Security held on their behalf by the Depositary, or the Trustee as its custodian, or under the Global Security, and Cede & Co., or such other Person designated by the Depositary as its nominee, may be treated by the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee as the absolute owner of the Global Security for all purposes whatsoever. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing herein shall prevent the Company, the Trustee or any agent of the Company or the Trustee from giving effect to any written certification, proxy or other authorization furnished by the Depositary or impair, as between the Depositary and its Agent Members, the operation of customary practices governing the exercise of the rights of any Holder.

(b)    The Holder of Global Securities may grant proxies and otherwise authorize any Person, including Agent Members and Persons that may hold interests through Agent Members, to take any action that a Holder is entitled to take under this Indenture or the Securities.

(c)    A legend in substantially the following form shall appear on the face of all Global Securities:

THIS SECURITY IS A GLOBAL SECURITY WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE INDENTURE HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AND IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF A DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE OF A DEPOSITARY. THIS SECURITY IS EXCHANGEABLE FOR SECURITIES REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF A PERSON OTHER THAN THE DEPOSITARY OR ITS NOMINEE ONLY IN THE LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES DESCRIBED IN THE INDENTURE, AND NO TRANSFER OF THIS SECURITY (OTHER THAN A TRANSFER OF THIS SECURITY AS A WHOLE BY THE DEPOSITARY TO A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY OR BY A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY TO THE DEPOSITARY OR ANOTHER NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY) MAY BE REGISTERED EXCEPT IN LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES.

UNLESS THIS SECURITY IS PRESENTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY, A NEW YORK CORPORATION (“DTC”), TO THE COMPANY OR ITS AGENT FOR REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER, EXCHANGE OR PAYMENT, AND ANY SECURITY ISSUED IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF CEDE & CO. OR IN SUCH OTHER NAME AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC (AND ANY PAYMENT HEREON IS MADE TO CEDE & CO. OR TO SUCH OTHER ENTITY AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC), ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR OTHER USE HEREOF FOR VALUE OR OTHERWISE BY OR TO ANY PERSON IS WRONGFUL INASMUCH AS THE REGISTERED OWNER HEREOF, CEDE & CO., HAS AN INTEREST HEREIN.

ARTICLE 3.

REDEMPTION AND PREPAYMENT

Section 3.01. APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE.

The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to the Securities of any series which are redeemable before their maturity or to any sinking fund for the retirement of Securities of a series except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.02 for Securities of such series or in any supplemental indenture with respect to such Securities.

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Section 3.02. SELECTION OF SECURITIES TO BE REDEEMED.

If less than all of the Securities of any series are to be redeemed at any time, the Trustee shall select the Securities of such series to be redeemed among the Holders of the Securities of such series in compliance with the requirements of the principal national securities exchange, if any, on which the Securities of such series are listed or, if the Securities of such series are not so listed, to be redeemed among the Holders of Securities of such series on a pro rata basis, by lot or by such method as the Trustee deems fair and appropriate; provided that no Securities of $1,000 or less shall be redeemed in part. In the event of partial redemption by lot, the particular Securities of such series to be redeemed shall be selected, unless otherwise provided herein or otherwise agreed by the Company and the Trustee, by the Trustee from the outstanding Securities of the series not previously called for redemption.

The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company in writing of the Securities selected for redemption and, in the case of any Security selected for partial redemption, the principal amount thereof to be redeemed. Securities and portions of Securities selected shall be in amounts of $1,000 or whole multiples of $1,000; except that if all of the Securities of a series of a Holder are to be redeemed, the entire outstanding amount of Securities of such series held by such Holder, even if not a multiple of $1,000, shall be redeemed. A new Security of the same series in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion thereof will be issued in the name of the Holder thereof upon cancellation of the original Security. Securities called for redemption shall become due on the redemption date. On and after the redemption date, interest will cease to accrue on the Securities or portions of them called for redemption. Except as provided in this Section 3.02, provisions of this Indenture that apply to Securities called for redemption shall also apply to portions of Securities called for redemption.

Section 3.03. NOTICE OF REDEMPTION.

At least 30 days but not more than 60 days before a redemption date, the Company shall mail or cause to be mailed, by first class mail, a notice of redemption to each Holder whose Securities are to be redeemed at its registered address.

The notice shall identify the Securities to be redeemed, including the series thereof, and shall state:

(a)    the redemption date;

(b)    the redemption price;

(c)    the name and address of the Paying Agent;

(d)    that Securities called for redemption must be surrendered to the Paying Agent to collect the redemption price;

(e)    that, unless the Company defaults in making such redemption payment, interest on Securities called for redemption will cease to accrue on and after the redemption date;

(f)    that any Security being redeemed in part, the portion of the principal amount of such Security to be redeemed and that, after the redemption date upon surrender of such Security, a new Security or Securities of the same series in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion shall be issued upon cancellation of the original;

(g)    the paragraph of the Securities and/or Section of this Indenture or any supplemental indenture with respect to such Securities pursuant to which the Securities called for redemption are being redeemed; and

(h)    that no representation is made as to the correctness or accuracy of the CUSIP number, if any, listed in such notice or printed on the Securities.

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At the Company’s request, the Trustee shall give the notice of redemption in the Company’s name and at the Company’s expense; provided, however, that the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee, at least 30 days prior to the redemption date, an Officers’ Certificate requesting that the Trustee give such notice and setting forth the information to be stated in such notice as provided in the preceding paragraph.

Section 3.04. EFFECT OF NOTICE OF REDEMPTION.

Once notice of redemption is mailed in accordance with Section 3.03 hereof, Securities called for redemption become irrevocably due and payable on the redemption date at the redemption price. A notice of redemption may not be conditional.

Section 3.05. DEPOSIT OF REDEMPTION OR PURCHASE PRICE.

Not later than 10:00 a.m., Eastern Time, on the Business Day immediately preceding any redemption date, the Company shall deposit with the Trustee or with the Paying Agent money in immediately available funds sufficient to pay the redemption or purchase price of and accrued interest, if any, on all Securities to be redeemed or purchased on that date. The Trustee or the Paying Agent shall promptly return to the Company any money deposited with the Trustee or the Paying Agent by the Company in excess of the amounts necessary to pay the redemption or purchase price of, and accrued interest on, all Securities to be redeemed or purchased.

Section 3.06. SECURITIES REDEEMED OR PURCHASED IN PART.

Upon surrender of a Security that is redeemed or purchased in part, the Company shall issue and, upon the Company’s written request, the Trustee shall authenticate for the Holder at the expense of the Company a new Security of the same series equal in principal amount to the unredeemed or unpurchased portion of the Security surrendered.

Section 3.07. MANDATORY REDEMPTION; SINKING FUND.

The Company shall not be required to make mandatory redemption or sinking fund payments with respect to the Securities, unless otherwise specified in the terms of a particular series of Securities or in any supplemental indenture with respect to such Securities.

ARTICLE 4.

COVENANTS

Section 4.01. PAYMENT OF SECURITIES.

The Company shall pay or cause to be paid the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the Securities on the dates and in the manner provided in the Securities. Principal, premium, if any, and interest shall be considered paid on the date due if the Paying Agent, if other than the Company or a Subsidiary thereof, holds as of 10:00 a.m., Eastern Time, on the due date money deposited by the Company in immediately available funds and designated for and sufficient to pay all principal, premium, if any, and interest then due.

Section 4.02. MAINTENANCE OF OFFICE OR AGENCY.

The Company shall maintain in the Borough of Manhattan, the City of New York, an office or agency (which may be an office of the Trustee or an affiliate of the Trustee, Registrar or co-Registrar) where Securities may be surrendered for registration of transfer or for exchange and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities and this Indenture may be served. The Company shall give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the location, and any change in the location, of such office or agency. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be made or served at the Trustee’s principal agency in the Borough of Manhattan, the City of New York, which currently is located at                 .

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The Company may also from time to time designate one or more other offices or agencies where the Securities may be presented or surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time to time rescind such designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain an office or agency in the Borough of Manhattan, the City of New York for such purposes. The Company shall give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation or rescission and of any change in the location of any such other office or agency.

Section 4.03. REPORTS.

(a)    The Company covenants and agrees to file with the Trustee, within 15 days after the Company is or would be required to file the same with the SEC, copies of the annual reports, quarterly reports and the information, documents and other reports which the Company is required to file with the SEC pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.

(b)    The Company covenants and agrees to file with the Trustee and the SEC, in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the SEC, such additional information, documents and reports with respect to compliance by the Company with the conditions and covenants provided for in this Indenture as may be required from time to time by such rules and regulations.

(c)    The Company covenants and agrees to furnish to the Trustee within 120 days of the end of each fiscal year, the compliance certificate required by Section 314(a)(4) of the Trust Indenture Act.

(d)    Delivery of such reports, information and documents to the Trustee is for informational purposes only and the Trustee’s receipt of such shall not constitute constructive notice of any information contained therein or determinable from information contained therein, including the Company’s compliance with any of its covenants hereunder (as to which the Trustee is entitled to rely exclusively on Officers’ Certificates). Any such document or report that the Company files with the SEC via the EDGAR system shall be deemed to be filed with the Trustee for purposes of this Section 4.03 as of the time such documents are filed via the EDGAR system.

Section 4.04. COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE.

(a)    The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within 90 days after the end of each fiscal year, an Officers’ Certificate stating that a review of the activities of the Company and its Subsidiaries during the preceding fiscal year has been made under the supervision of the signing Officers with a view to determining whether the Company has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled its obligations under this Indenture, and further stating, as to each such Officer signing such certificate, that to the best of his or her knowledge the Company has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled each and every covenant contained in this Indenture and is not in default in the performance or observance of any of the terms, provisions and conditions of this Indenture (or, if a Default, Event of Default or other instance of non-compliance with any of the terms of this Indenture shall have occurred, describing all such Defaults, Events of Default or instances of non-compliance of which he or she may have knowledge).

(b)    The Company shall, so long as any of the Securities are outstanding, deliver to the Trustee, forthwith upon any Officer of the Company becoming aware of any Default or Event of Default, an Officers’ Certificate specifying such Default or Event of Default and what action the Company is taking or proposes to take with respect thereto.

Section 4.05. CONTINUED EXISTENCE.

Subject to Article 5 hereof, the Company shall do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect (i) its existence as a business trust, and the corporate, partnership or other existence of each of its Significant Subsidiaries, in accordance with the respective organizational documents (as the same may be amended from time to time) of the Company or any such Significant Subsidiary and (ii) the rights (charter and statutory), licenses and franchises of the Company and any of its Significant Subsidiaries; provided, however , that the Company shall not be required to preserve any such right, license or franchise, or the corporate, partnership or other existence of any of its Significant Subsidiaries, if the Board of Trustees shall determine that the preservation thereof is no longer desirable in the conduct of the business of the Company and its Significant Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, and that the loss thereof is not adverse in any material respect to the Holders of the Securities.

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Section 4.06. STAY, EXTENSION AND USURY LAWS.

The Company covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it shall not at any time insist upon, plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay, extension or usury law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, that may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture; and the Company (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law, and covenants that it shall not, by resort to any such law, hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but shall suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law has been enacted.

ARTICLE 5.

SUCCESSORS

Section 5.01. MERGER, CONSOLIDATION, OR SALE OF ASSETS.

The Company may consolidate or merge with or into, convert itself into, or sell, assign, transfer, lease, convey or otherwise dispose of (including any such disposition that might be deemed to occur as a result of the conversion of the Company into another form of organization) all or substantially all of its properties or assets in one or more related transactions, to another Person (other than an individual, a government or an agency or political subdivision of a government), but only if (a) either (i) the Company is the surviving entity or (ii) the Person formed by or surviving any such consolidation, merger or conversion (if other than the Company) or to which such sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition shall have been made is a Person organized or existing under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia; (b) the Person formed by or surviving any such consolidation, merger or conversion (if other than the Company) or the Person to which such sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition shall have been made assumes all the obligations of the Company under the Securities and this Indenture pursuant to a supplemental indenture in a form reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee; and (c) immediately after such transaction no Default or Event of Default exists. If the Company requests the Trustee to enter into any supplemental indenture, or to take any other action, as a result of such consolidation, merger, sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition, the Company will also furnish to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each to the effect that the conditions precedent set forth in this Section 5.01 have been complied with.

Section 5.02. SUCCESSOR PERSON SUBSTITUTED.

Upon any consolidation, merger or conversion, or any sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company in accordance with Section 5.01 hereof, the successor Person formed by such consolidation or into or with which the Company is merged or converted or to which such sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for (so that from and after the date of such consolidation, merger, conversion, sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition, the provisions of this Indenture referring to the “Company” shall refer instead to the successor Person and not to the Company), and may exercise every right and power of the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor Person had been named as the Company herein; provided, however, that the predecessor Company shall not be relieved from the obligation to pay the principal of and interest on the Securities except in the case of a sale of all of the Company’s assets that meets the requirements of Section 5.01 hereof.

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ARTICLE 6.

DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES

Section 6.01. EVENTS OF DEFAULT.

An “Event of Default,” with respect to Securities of any series shall have occurred if:

(a)    the Company defaults in the payment when due of interest on, with respect to, any Security of that series and such default continues for a period of 30 days;

(b)    the Company defaults in the payment when due of principal of or premium, if any, on, or sinking fund payment with respect to, any Security of that series when the same becomes due and payable at maturity, upon redemption or otherwise;

(c)    the Company fails to observe or perform any other covenant, representation, warranty or other agreement in this Indenture, with respect to any Security of that series for 60 days after notice to comply;

(d)    the Company, pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law:

(i)    commences a voluntary case;

(ii)    consents to the entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case;

(iii)    consents to the appointment of a custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its property;

(iv)    makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors; or

(v)    generally is not paying its debts as they become due;

(e)    a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any Bankruptcy Law that:

(i)    is for relief against the Company in an involuntary case;

(ii)    appoints a custodian of the Company for all or substantially all of the property of the Company; or

(iii)    orders the liquidation of the Company;

and the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 60 consecutive days; or

(f)    any other event provided with respect to Securities of that series in the terms thereof as contemplated by Section 2.02 hereof shall occur.

The term “custodian” as used in this Article 6 means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.

A Default under clause (c) with respect to the Securities of any series is not an Event of Default until the Trustee notifies the Company, or the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of all series affected by the Default (treating all such series as a single class) notify the Company and the Trustee, of the Default and the Company does not cure the Default within 60 days after receipt of the notice. The notice must specify the Default, demand that it be remedied and state that the notice is a “Notice of Default.”

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Section 6.02. ACCELERATION.

If any Event of Default with respect to one or more series of Securities (other than an Event of Default specified in clause (d) or (e) of Section 6.01 hereof) occurs and is continuing, the Trustee or the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of all series with respect to which an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing (treating all such series as a single class) may declare all the Securities of all such series to be due and payable immediately. Upon any such declaration, the principal of, premium, if any, and accrued and unpaid interest with respect to the Securities of all such series shall become due and payable immediately. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if an Event of Default specified in clause (d) or (e) of Section 6.01 hereof occurs with respect to the Company, all outstanding Securities of all series shall be due and payable immediately without further action or notice.

Section 6.03. OTHER REMEDIES.

If an Event of Default occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may pursue any available remedy to collect the payment of principal, premium, if any, and interest on the Securities or to enforce the performance of any provision of the Securities or this Indenture.

The Trustee may maintain a proceeding even if it does not possess any of the Securities or does not produce any of them in the proceeding. A delay or omission by the Trustee or any Holder of a Security in exercising any right or remedy accruing upon an Event of Default shall not impair the right or remedy or constitute a waiver of or acquiescence in the Event of Default. All remedies are cumulative to the extent permitted by law.

Section 6.04. WAIVER OF PAST DEFAULTS; RESCISSION OF ACCELERATION.

Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of all series affected (treating all such series as a single class) may, by notice to the Trustee, on behalf of the Holders of all of the Securities of all such series, waive an existing Default or Event of Default and its consequences hereunder (including in connection with an offer to purchase or exchange), except a continuing Default or Event of Default in the payment of the principal of, premium, if any, interest on, or any sinking fund payment with respect to, the Securities of such series, and except a continuing Default or Event of Default under any provision of this Indenture that, under Section 9.02, cannot be modified or waived without the consent of a greater number of Holders or of each Holder affected. Upon any such waiver, such Default or Event of Default shall be deemed to have been cured for every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other Default or Event of Default or impair any right consequent thereon. The Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of all series affected (treating all such series as a single class) may also rescind an acceleration and its consequences with respect to such series, including any related payment default that resulted from such acceleration, but not including any other payment default.

Section 6.05. CONTROL BY MAJORITY.

Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of all series with respect to which an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing (treating all such series as a single class) may direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for exercising any remedy available to the Trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on it; provided that

(i)    such direction shall not be in conflict with any law or with this Indenture;

(ii)    the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction; and

(iii)    the Trustee need not take any action which might involve it in personal liability or be unduly prejudicial to the Holders of Securities of such series not joining therein.

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Section 6.06. LIMITATION ON SUITS.

A Holder of a Security of any series may pursue a remedy with respect to this Indenture or the Securities of such series only if:

(a)    the Holder of a Security of any or all series affected gives to the Trustee written notice of a continuing Event of Default;

(b)    the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of all affected series (treating all such series as a single class) make a written request to the Trustee to pursue the remedy;

(c)    such Holder or Holders offer and, if requested, provide to the Trustee indemnity satisfactory to the Trustee against any loss, liability or expense;

(d)    the Trustee does not comply with the request within 60 days after receipt of the request and the offer and, if requested, the provision of indemnity; and

(e)    during such 60-day period the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of all such series (treating all such series as a single class) do not give the Trustee a direction inconsistent with the request.

A Holder of a Security may not use this Indenture to prejudice the rights of another Holder of a Security or to obtain a preference or priority over another Holder of a Security.

Section 6.07. RIGHTS OF HOLDERS OF SECURITIES TO RECEIVE PAYMENT.

Notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture, the right of any Holder of a Security of any series to receive payment of principal, premium, if any, and interest on such Security, on or after the respective due dates expressed in such Security (including in connection with an offer to purchase), or to bring suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after such respective dates, shall not be impaired or affected without the consent of such Holder.

Section 6.08. COLLECTION SUIT BY TRUSTEE.

If an Event of Default specified in Section 6.01(a) or (b) occurs and is continuing with respect to any series of Securities, the Trustee is authorized to recover judgment in its own name and as Trustee of an express trust against the Company for the whole amount of principal of, premium, if any, and interest remaining unpaid on such Securities and interest on overdue principal and, to the extent lawful, interest and such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel.

Section 6.09. TRUSTEE MAY FILE PROOFS OF CLAIM.

The Trustee is authorized to file such proofs of claim and other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel) and the Holders of the Securities of any series allowed in any judicial proceedings relative to the Company (or any other obligor upon the Securities), its creditors or its property and shall be entitled and empowered to collect, receive and distribute any money or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and any custodian in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder to make such payments to the Trustee, and in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due to it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.07 hereof. To the extent that the payment of any such compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.07 hereof out of the estate in any such proceeding, shall be denied for any reason, payment of the same shall be secured by a lien on, and shall be paid out of, any and all distributions, dividends, money, securities and other properties that the Holders may be entitled to receive in such proceeding whether in liquidation or under any

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plan of reorganization or arrangement or otherwise. Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities of any series or the rights of any Holder, or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding.

Section 6.10. PRIORITIES.

If the Trustee collects any money or other property pursuant to this Article, it shall pay out the money or other property in the following order:

First: to the Trustee, its agents and attorneys for amounts due under Section 7.07 hereof, including payment of all compensation, expense and liabilities incurred, and all advances made, by the Trustee and the costs and expenses of collection;

Second: to Holders of Securities for amounts due and unpaid on the Securities for principal, premium, if any, interest and any other amounts, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on the Securities for principal, premium, if any, interest and other amounts, respectively; and

Third: to the Company or to such party as a court of competent jurisdiction shall direct.

The Trustee may fix a record date and payment date for any payment to Holders of Securities pursuant to this Section 6.10.

Section 6.11. UNDERTAKING FOR COSTS.

In any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken or omitted by it as a Trustee, a court in its discretion may require the filing by any party litigant in the suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of the suit, and the court in its discretion may assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, against any party litigant in the suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by the party litigant. This Section does not apply to a suit by the Trustee, a suit by a Holder of a Security pursuant to Section 6.07 hereof, or a suit by Holders of more than 10% in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of any series.

ARTICLE 7.

TRUSTEE

Section 7.01. DUTIES OF TRUSTEE.

(a)    If an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture or an indenture supplemental hereto, and use the same degree of care and skill in its exercise, as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of its own affairs.

(b)    Except during the continuance of an Event of Default:

(i)    the duties of the Trustee shall be determined solely by the express provisions of this Indenture or an indenture supplemental hereto, and the Trustee need perform only those duties that are specifically set forth in this Indenture or an indenture supplemental hereto and no others, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture or an indenture supplemental hereto against the Trustee; and

(ii)    in the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture. However, the Trustee shall examine the certificates and opinions to determine whether or not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture.

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(c)    The Trustee may not be relieved from liabilities for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act, or its own willful misconduct, except that:

(i)    this paragraph does not limit the effect of paragraph (b) of this Section;

(ii)    the Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer, unless it is proven that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts; and

(iii)    the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in accordance with a direction received by it pursuant to Section 6.05 hereof.

(d)    Whether or not therein expressly so provided, every provision of this Indenture that in any way relates to the Trustee is subject to paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) of this Section.

(e)    No provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or incur any liability. The Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or direction of any of the Holders unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee security and indemnity satisfactory to it against any losses, costs, expenses and liabilities that might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction.

(f)    The Trustee shall not be liable for interest on any money received by it except as the Trustee may agree in writing with the Company. Money held in trust by the Trustee need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.

Section 7.02. RIGHTS OF TRUSTEE.

(a)    The Trustee may conclusively rely upon any document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper Person. The Trustee need not investigate any fact or matter stated in the document.

(b)    Before the Trustee acts or refrains from acting, it may require an Officers’ Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel or both. The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in reliance on such Officers’ Certificate or Opinion of Counsel. The Trustee may consult with counsel, and the written advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection from liability in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon.

(c)    The Trustee may act through its attorneys and agents and shall not be responsible for the misconduct or negligence of any agent appointed with due care.

(d)    The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith that it believes to be authorized or within the rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture.

(e)    Unless otherwise specifically provided in this Indenture, any demand, request, direction or notice from the Company shall be sufficient if signed by an Officer of the Company.

Section 7.03. INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS OF TRUSTEE.

The Trustee in its individual or any other capacity may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and may otherwise deal with the Company or any Affiliate of the Company with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee. However, in the event that the Trustee acquires any conflicting interest (within the meaning of TIA § 310(b)) it must eliminate such conflicting interest within 90 days after the default referred to in such § 310(b), apply to the SEC for permission to continue as trustee, or resign. Any Agent may do the same with like rights and duties. The Trustee is also subject to Sections 7.10 and 7.11 hereof.

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Section 7.04. TRUSTEE’S DISCLAIMER.

The Trustee shall not be responsible for and makes no representation as to the validity or adequacy of this Indenture or the Securities; it shall not be accountable for the Company’s use of the proceeds from the Securities or any money paid to the Company or upon the Company’s direction under any provision of this Indenture; it shall not be responsible for the use or application of any money received by any Paying Agent other than the Trustee; and it shall not be responsible for any statement or recital herein or any statement in the Securities or any other document in connection with the sale of the Securities or pursuant to this Indenture other than its certificate of authentication.

Section 7.05. NOTICE OF DEFAULTS.

If a Default or Event of Default occurs and is continuing and if a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has actual knowledge of such Default or Event of Default, the Trustee shall mail to Holders of Securities a notice of the Default or Event of Default within 90 days after it occurs. Except in the case of a Default or Event of Default in payment of principal of, or interest on, any Security, the Trustee may withhold the notice if and so long as a committee of its Responsible Officers in good faith determines that withholding the notice is in the interests of the Holders of the Securities.

Section 7.06. REPORTS BY TRUSTEE TO HOLDERS OF THE SECURITIES.

On or before July 31 of each year, beginning with the July 31 following the date on which Securities are first issued under this Indenture, and for so long as Securities remain outstanding, the Trustee shall mail to the Holders of the Securities a brief report dated as of such reporting date that complies with TIA § 313(a) (but if no event described in TIA § 313(a) has occurred within the twelve months preceding the reporting date, no report need be transmitted). The Trustee also shall comply with TIA § 313(b)(2). The Trustee shall also transmit by mail all reports as required by TIA § 313(c). A copy of each report at the time of its mailing to the Holders of Securities shall be mailed to the Company and filed with the SEC and each stock exchange on which the Securities are listed in accordance with TIA § 313(d). The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee when the Securities are listed on any stock exchange.

Section 7.07. COMPENSATION AND INDEMNITY.

The Company shall pay to the Trustee from time to time such compensation for its acceptance of this Indenture and services hereunder as the Company and Trustee have separately agreed. The Trustee’s compensation shall not be limited by any law on compensation of a trustee of an express trust. The Company shall reimburse the Trustee promptly upon request for all reasonable disbursements, advances and expenses incurred or made by it in addition to the compensation for its services. Such expenses shall include the reasonable compensation, disbursements and expenses of the Trustee’s agents and counsel.

The Company shall indemnify the Trustee against any and all losses, liabilities or expenses incurred by it arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of its duties under this Indenture, including the costs and expenses of enforcing this Indenture against the Company (including this Section 7.07) and defending itself against any claim (whether asserted by the Company or any Holder or any other person) or liability in connection with the exercise or performance of any of its powers or duties hereunder, except to the extent any such loss, liability or expense may be attributable to its negligence or willful misconduct. The Trustee shall notify the Company promptly of any claim for which it may seek indemnity. Failure by the Trustee to so notify the Company shall not relieve the Company of its obligations hereunder. The Company shall defend the claim, and the Trustee shall cooperate in the defense. The Trustee may have separate counsel, and the Company shall pay the reasonable fees and expenses of such counsel. The Company need not pay for any settlement made without its consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld.

The obligations of the Company under this Section 7.07 shall survive the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture and the removal or resignation of the Trustee.

To secure the Company’s payment obligations in this Section, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities on all money or property held or collected by the Trustee, except that held in trust to pay principal of, premium, if any, and interest on particular Securities. Such lien shall survive the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture.

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When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services after an Event of Default specified in Section 6.01(e) or (f) hereof occurs, the expenses and the compensation for the services (including the fees and expenses of its agents and counsel) are intended to constitute expenses of administration under any Bankruptcy Law.

Section 7.08. REPLACEMENT OF TRUSTEE.

A resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment of a successor Trustee shall become effective only upon the successor Trustee’s acceptance of appointment as provided in this Section.

The Trustee may resign with respect to one or more or all series of Securities at any time and be discharged from the trust hereby created by so notifying the Company in writing. The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of any series may remove the Trustee with respect to such series by so notifying the Trustee and the Company in writing. The Company may remove the Trustee if:

(a)    the Trustee ceases to be eligible in accordance with Section 7.10 hereof;

(b)    the Trustee is adjudged bankrupt or insolvent or an order for relief is entered with respect to the Trustee under any Bankruptcy Law;

(c)    a custodian or public officer takes charge of the Trustee or its property; or

(d)    the Trustee becomes incapable of acting.

If the Trustee resigns or is removed or if a vacancy exists in the office of Trustee for any reason, the Company shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee. Within one year after the successor Trustee takes office, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of a series may appoint a successor Trustee to replace the successor Trustee appointed by the Company with respect to that series of Securities.

If a successor Trustee does not take office within 60 days after the retiring Trustee resigns or is removed, the retiring Trustee, the Company, or the Holders of at least 10% in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee.

If the Trustee, after written request by any Holder of a Security who has been a Holder of a Security for at least six months, ceases to be eligible in accordance with Section 7.10, such Holder of a Security may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee and the appointment of a successor Trustee.

A successor Trustee shall deliver a written acceptance of its appointment to the retiring Trustee and to the Company. Thereupon, the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective, and the successor Trustee shall have all the rights, powers and duties of the Trustee under this Indenture. The successor Trustee shall mail a notice of its succession to Holders of the Securities. The retiring Trustee shall promptly transfer all property held by it as Trustee to the successor Trustee, provided all sums owing to the Trustee hereunder have been paid and subject to the lien provided for in Section 7.07 hereof. Notwithstanding replacement of the Trustee pursuant to this Section 7.08, the Company’s obligations under Section 7.07 hereof shall continue for the benefit of the retiring Trustee.

If a successor Trustee is appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company, the retiring Trustee and each successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any applicable series shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto which shall contain such provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series as to which the predecessor Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the predecessor Trustee, and shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being understood that

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nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees as co-trustees of the same trust and that each such Trustee shall be Trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder administered by any other such Trustee.

Section 7.09. SUCCESSOR TRUSTEE BY MERGER, ETC.

If the Trustee consolidates, merges or converts into, or transfers all or substantially all of its corporate trust business to, another corporation, the successor corporation without any further act shall be the successor Trustee.

Section 7.10. ELIGIBILITY; DISQUALIFICATION.

There shall at all times be a Trustee hereunder that is a corporation organized and doing business under the laws of the United States of America or of any state thereof that is authorized under such laws to exercise corporate trust powers, that is subject to supervision or examination by federal or state authorities and that has a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000 as set forth in its most recent published annual report of condition.

This Indenture shall always have a Trustee who satisfies the requirements of TIA § 310(a)(1), (2) and (5). The Trustee is subject to TIA § 310(b); provided, that there shall be excluded from the operation of TIA § 310(b)(1) any indenture or indentures under which other securities, or certificates of interest or participation in other securities, of the Company are outstanding, if the requirements for such exclusion set forth in TIA § 310(b)(1) are met.

Section 7.11. PREFERENTIAL COLLECTION OF CLAIMS AGAINST COMPANY.

The Trustee is subject to TIA § 311(a), excluding any creditor relationship described in TIA § 311(b). A Trustee who has resigned or been removed shall be subject to TIA § 311(a) to the extent indicated therein.

ARTICLE 8.

LEGAL DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE

Section 8.01. OPTION TO EFFECT LEGAL DEFEASANCE OR COVENANT DEFEASANCE.

(a)    The Company may, at the option of its Board of Trustees evidenced by a resolution set forth in an Officers’ Certificate, at any time, elect to have either Section 8.02 or 8.03 hereof, with such modifications thereto as may be specified pursuant to Section 2.02 in the Board Resolution, Officer’s Certificate or supplemental indenture establishing a particular series of Securities, be applied to all outstanding Securities of one or more series upon compliance with the conditions set forth below in this Article 8.

(b)    As an alternative to having Section 8.02 or 8.03 be applied to all outstanding Securities of one or more series, the Company may terminate its obligations under the Securities of one or more series and its obligations under this Indenture in respect of such series of Securities (except those obligations referred to in the penultimate paragraph of this Section 8.01(b), and any obligation of the Company to convert or exchange Securities of such series as expressly provided for in the Board Resolution, Officer’s Certificate or indenture supplemental hereto establishing such Series) (1) if (i) all Securities of such series theretofore authenticated and delivered (except lost, stolen or destroyed Securities that have been replaced or paid and Securities for whose payment cash in United States dollars has theretofore been deposited in trust or segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereafter repaid to the Company or discharged from such trust as provided in Section 8.06) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; (ii) the Company has paid all sums payable by it hereunder or under the applicable Board Resolution, Officer’s Certificate or indenture supplemental hereto in respect of such series of Securities; and (iii) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture have been complied with; or (2) if (i) either (A) in the case of a series of Securities redeemable prior to its stated maturity, the Company shall, pursuant to Article 3, have given notice to the Trustee and mailed a notice of redemption to each Holder of Securities of such series of the redemption of all of such Securities under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of such notice or (B) all Securities of such series have otherwise become due and payable hereunder or will become due and payable within one year; (ii) the Company shall have irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with

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the Trustee (or a trustee satisfactory to the Trustee, under the terms of an irrevocable trust agreement in form and substance satisfactory to the Trustee), as trust funds in trust solely for the benefit of the Holders of Securities of such series for that purpose, cash in United States dollars in such amount as is sufficient without consideration of reinvestment of interest or other earnings on such cash, to pay the entire indebtedness on such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, for the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the outstanding Securities of such series to the date of such deposit (in the case of Securities which have become due and payable) or to the stated maturity or redemption date, as the case may be; (iii) no Default or Event of Default with respect to this Indenture or the Securities shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit or shall occur as a result of such deposit and such deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, any other instrument to which the Company is bound; (iv) the Company shall have paid all other sums payable by it hereunder in respect of Securities of such series; and (v) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture have been complied with.

Notwithstanding the foregoing paragraph, the Company’s obligations in Sections 2.07, 2.08, 2.09, 2.10, 4.01, including any provision of the applicable Board Resolution, Officer’s Certificate or indenture supplemental hereto relating to the payment of principal, premium or interest, 4.02, 7.07, 8.06 and 8.07 shall survive with respect to the Securities of the applicable series until they are no longer outstanding pursuant to the last paragraph of Section 2.10. After the Securities of the applicable series are no longer outstanding, the Company’s obligations in Sections 7.07, 8.06 and 8.07 shall survive in respect of Securities of the applicable series.

After such delivery or irrevocable deposit, the Trustee upon request shall acknowledge in writing the discharge of the Company’s obligations under the Securities of the applicable series and the Company’s obligations under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such series, except for those surviving obligations specified above.

Section 8.02. LEGAL DEFEASANCE AND DISCHARGE.

Upon the Company’s exercise under Section 8.01 hereof of the option applicable to this Section 8.02 relating to one or more series of Securities, the Company shall, upon the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 8.04 hereof, be deemed to have been discharged from its obligations with respect to all outstanding Securities of such series on the date the conditions set forth in Section 8.04 are satisfied (hereinafter, “Legal Defeasance”). For this purpose, Legal Defeasance means that the Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness represented by the outstanding Securities of the applicable series, which shall thereafter be deemed to be “outstanding” only for the purposes of Section 8.05 hereof and the other Sections of this Indenture referred to in (a) and (b) below, and to have satisfied all of its other obligations under the Securities of the applicable series and under the provisions of this Indenture applicable to such series (and the Trustee, on demand of and at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging the same), except for the following provisions which shall survive until otherwise terminated or discharged hereunder: (a) the rights of Holders of outstanding Securities of the applicable series to receive solely from the trust fund described in Section 8.04 hereof, and as more fully set forth in such Section, payments in respect of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest, on such Securities when such payments are due, (b) the Company’s obligations with respect to such Securities under Article 2 and Section 4.02 hereof, (c) the rights, powers, trusts, duties and immunities of the Trustee hereunder, and the Company’s obligations in connection therewith and (d) this Article 8. Subject to compliance with this Article 8, the Company may exercise its option under this Section 8.02 notwithstanding the prior exercise of its option under Section 8.03 hereof.

Section 8.03. COVENANT DEFEASANCE.

Upon the Company’s exercise under Section 8.01 hereof of the option applicable to this Section 8.03 relating to one or more series of Securities, the Company shall, upon the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 8.04 hereof, be released from its obligations under the covenants contained in Sections 4.03, 4.04, 4.05 and 4.06 hereof with respect to the outstanding Securities of the applicable series, and under any other covenants specified in the Board Resolution, Officer’s Certificate or supplemental indenture establishing the applicable series as covenants to which this Section 8.03 applies, on and after the date the conditions set forth below in Section 8.04 are satisfied (hereinafter, “Covenant Defeasance”), and the Securities of the applicable series shall thereafter be

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deemed not “outstanding” for the purposes of any direction, waiver, consent or declaration or act of Holders (and the consequences of any thereof) in connection with such covenants, but shall continue to be deemed “outstanding” for all other purposes hereunder. For this purpose, Covenant Defeasance means that, with respect to the “outstanding” Securities of the applicable series, the Company may omit to comply with and shall have no liability in respect of any term, condition or limitation set forth in any such covenant, whether directly or indirectly, by reason of any reference elsewhere herein to any such covenant or by reason of any reference in any such covenant to any other provision herein or in any other document and such omission to comply shall not constitute a Default or an Event of Default under Section 6.01 hereof, but, except as specified above, the remainder of this Indenture and such Securities shall be unaffected thereby.

Section 8.04. CONDITIONS TO LEGAL OR COVENANT DEFEASANCE.

The following shall be the conditions to the application of either Section 8.02 or 8.03 hereof to the outstanding Securities of one or more series:

In order to exercise either Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance:

(a)    the Company must irrevocably deposit with the Trustee, (or another trustee satisfying the requirements of Section 7.10, who shall agree to comply with the provisions of this Article 8 applicable to it) in trust, for the benefit of the Holders of the Securities of the applicable series, (i) an amount of cash in United States dollars, (ii) non-callable U.S. Government Obligations which, through scheduled payment of principal and interest in respect thereof in accordance with their terms, will provide, not later than one Business Day before the due date of any payment of principal of, premium, if any, or interest on the Securities of such series, cash in an amount, or (iii) a combination thereof, sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants, to pay the principal of, interest and premium, if any, on the outstanding Securities of the applicable series on the Stated Maturity or on the applicable redemption date, as the case may be, and any mandatory sinking fund payments applicable to the Securities of such series on the day on which such payments are due, and the Company must specify whether the Securities of the applicable series are being defeased to maturity or to a particular redemption date;

(b)    in the case of an election under Section 8.02 hereof, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel in the United States reasonably acceptable to the Trustee confirming that (i) the Company has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling or (ii) since the date of this Indenture, there has been a change in the applicable federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such Opinion of Counsel shall confirm that, the Holders of the outstanding Securities of the applicable series will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such Legal Defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such Legal Defeasance had not occurred;

(c)    in the case of an election under Section 8.03 hereof, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel in the United States reasonably acceptable to the Trustee confirming that the Holders of the outstanding Securities of the applicable series will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such Covenant Defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such Covenant Defeasance had not occurred;

(d)    no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit (other than a Default or Event of Default resulting from the borrowing of funds to be applied to such deposit) or insofar as Sections 6.01(e) or (f) hereof are concerned, at any time in the period ending on the 91st day after the date of deposit (or greater period of time in which any such deposit of trust funds may remain subject to Bankruptcy Law insofar as those apply to the deposit by the Company); and

(e)    the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent provided for or relating to the Legal Defeasance or the Covenant Defeasance have been complied with.

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Section 8.05. DEPOSITED MONEY AND U.S. GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS TO BE HELD IN TRUST; OTHER MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS.

Subject to Section 8.06 hereof, all money and non-callable U.S. Government Obligations (including the proceeds thereof) deposited with the Trustee (or other qualifying trustee, collectively for purposes of this Section 8.05, the “Trustee”) pursuant to Section 8.04 hereof in respect of the outstanding Securities of the applicable series shall be held in trust and applied by the Trustee, in accordance with the provisions of such Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Holders of such Securities of all sums due and to become due thereon in respect of principal, premium, if any, and interest, but such money need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.

The Company shall pay and indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against the cash or non-callable U.S. Government Obligations deposited pursuant to Section 8.04 hereof or the principal and interest received in respect thereof other than any such tax, fee or other charge which by law is for the account of the Holders of the outstanding Securities of the applicable series.

Anything in this Article 8 to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon the request of the Company any money or non-callable U.S. Government Obligations held by it as provided in Section 8.04 hereof which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee (which may be the opinion delivered under Section 8.04(a) hereof), are in excess of the amount thereof that would then be required to be deposited to effect an equivalent Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance of the applicable series.

Section 8.06. REPAYMENT TO COMPANY.

Any money and U.S. Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held by the Company, in trust for the payment of the principal of, premium or interest on any Security and remaining unclaimed for two years after such principal, and premium, if any, or interest has become due and payable shall be paid to the Company on its request or (if then held by the Company) shall be discharged from such trust; and the Holder of such Security shall thereafter look only to the Company for payment thereof, and all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect to such money and U.S. Government Obligations, and all liability of the Company as trustee thereof, shall thereupon cease; provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent, before being required to make any such repayment, may at the expense of the Company cause to be published once, in the New York Times and The Wall Street Journal (national edition), notice that such money remains unclaimed and that, after a date specified therein, which shall not be less than 30 days from the date of such publication, any unclaimed balance of such money then remaining will be repaid to the Company.

Section 8.07. REINSTATEMENT.

If the Trustee or Paying Agent is unable to apply any United States dollars or non-callable U.S. Government Obligations deposited pursuant to Section 8.02 or 8.03 hereof, as the case may be, by reason of any order or judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting such application, or if any amounts previously applied are required to be returned to the Company or to any trustee in connection with any proceeding referred to in Section 6.01(d) or (e) then the obligations of the Company under this Indenture and the Securities shall be revived and reinstated as though no deposit had occurred pursuant to Section 8.02 or 8.03 hereof until such time as the Trustee or Paying Agent is permitted to apply all such money in accordance with Section 8.02 or 8.03 hereof, as the case may be; provided, however, that, if the Company makes any payment of principal of, premium or interest on any Security following the reinstatement of its obligations, the Company shall be subrogated to the rights of the Holder of such Security to receive such payment from the money held by the Trustee or Paying Agent.

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ARTICLE 9.

AMENDMENT, SUPPLEMENT AND WAIVER

Section 9.01. WITHOUT CONSENT OF HOLDERS OF SECURITIES.

Notwithstanding Section 9.02 of this Indenture, the Company and the Trustee may amend or supplement this Indenture or the Securities without the consent of any Holder of a Security:

(a)    to evidence the succession of another Person to the Company, or successive successions, and the assumption by the successor Person of the covenants, agreements and obligations of the Company pursuant to Article 5 hereof;

(b)    to add to the covenants of the Company such further covenants, restrictions or conditions for the protection of the Holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such covenants are to be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities stating that such covenants are expressly being included for the benefit of such series) as the Board of Trustees and the Trustee shall consider to be for the protection of the Holders of such Securities, and to make the occurrence, or the occurrence and continuance, of a default in any of such additional covenants, restrictions or conditions a Default or an Event of Default permitting the enforcement of all or any of the several remedies provided in this Indenture as herein set forth; provided, however, that in respect of any such additional covenant, restriction or condition such supplemental indenture may provide for a particular period of grace after default (which period may be shorter or longer than that allowed in the case of other defaults) or may provide for an immediate enforcement upon such default or may limit the remedies available to the Trustee upon such default;

(c)    to provide for the issuance under this Indenture of Securities in coupon form (including Securities registrable as to principal only) and to provide for exchangeability of such Securities with the Securities issued hereunder in fully registered form and to make all appropriate changes for such purpose;

(d)    to cure any ambiguity or to correct or supplement any provision contained herein or in any supplemental indenture which may be defective or inconsistent with any other provision contained herein or in any supplemental indenture, or to make such other provisions in regard to matters or questions arising under this Indenture; provided that any such action shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of the Securities;

(e)    to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series and to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one trustee, pursuant to the requirements of Section 7.08;

(f)    to add guarantees with respect to the Securities of any series;

(g)    to secure the Securities of any series;

(h)    comply with any requirement of the SEC in connection with the qualification of this Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act or with the rules of any applicable securities depositary;

(i)    add additional Events of Default with respect to the Securities of any or all series;

(j)    to make any change that does not adversely affect the rights of any Holder; or

(k)    to provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of the Securities of any series, to establish the form of any certifications required to be furnished pursuant to the terms of this Indenture or any series of Securities, or to add to the rights of the Holders of any series of Securities.

Upon the request of the Company accompanied by a copy of a Board Resolution, certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by the Board of Trustees and to be in full force and effect on the date of the certificate, authorizing the execution of any such amended or supplemental indenture, and upon receipt by the Trustee of the documents described in Section 7.02 hereof, the Trustee shall join with the Company in the execution of any amended or supplemental indenture authorized or permitted by the terms of this Indenture and to make any further appropriate agreements and stipulations that may be therein contained, but the Trustee shall not be obligated to enter into such amended or supplemental indenture that affects its own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise.

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Section 9.02. WITH CONSENT OF HOLDERS OF SECURITIES.

Except as provided below in this Section 9.02, the Company and the Trustee may amend or supplement this Indenture, or the Securities of any series may be amended or supplemented, with the consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities then outstanding of all series affected by such supplemental indenture (treated as a single class) (including, without limitation, consents obtained in connection with a purchase of, or tender offer or exchange offer for, Securities), and, subject to Sections 6.04 and 6.07 hereof, any existing Default or Event of Default (other than a Default or Event of Default in the payment of the principal of, premium or interest on the Securities) or compliance with any provision of this Indenture or the Securities of such series may be waived with the consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities then outstanding of all series affected by such waiver (treated as a single class) (including, without limitation, consents obtained in connection with a purchase of, or tender offer or exchange offer for the Securities).

Upon the request of the Company accompanied by a copy of a Board Resolution, certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by the Board of Trustees and to be in full force and effect on the date of the certificate, authorizing the execution of any such amended or supplemental indenture, and upon the filing with the Trustee of evidence satisfactory to the Trustee of the consent of the Holders of Securities of each such series as aforesaid, and upon receipt by the Trustee of the documents described in Section 7.02(b) hereof, the Trustee shall join with the Company in the execution of such amended or supplemental indenture unless such amended or supplemental indenture affects the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise, in which case the Trustee may in its discretion, but shall not be obligated to, enter into such amended or supplemental indenture.

It shall not be necessary for the consent of the Holders of Securities under this Section 9.02 to approve the particular form of any proposed amendment or waiver, but it shall be sufficient if such consent approves the substance thereof.

After an amendment, supplement or waiver under this Section 9.02 becomes effective, the Company shall mail to the Holders of Securities of such series affected thereby a notice briefly describing the amendment, supplement or waiver. Any failure of the Company to mail such notice, or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such amended or supplemental indenture or waiver.

However, without the consent of each Holder of Securities affected, an amendment or waiver may not (with respect to any Securities held by a non-consenting Holder):

(a)    reduce the principal amount of the Securities whose Holders must consent to an amendment, supplement or waiver;

(b)    reduce the principal of or change the fixed maturity of the principal of, premium, if any, or mandatory sinking fund obligation, if any, with respect to any Securities of any series or alter the provisions with respect to the redemption of the Securities;

(c)    reduce the rate of or change the time for payment of interest, including default interest, on any Security of any series;

(d)    waive a Default or Event of Default in the payment of principal of or interest or premium on the Securities of any series (except a rescission of acceleration of maturity of the Securities by the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of one or more affected series and a waiver of the payment default that resulted from such acceleration);

(e)    make any Security of any series payable in currency other than that stated in the Securities of such series;

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(f)    make any change in the provisions of this Indenture relating to waivers of past Defaults or the rights of Holders of Securities to receive payments of principal of or interest or premium on the Securities;

(g)    waive a redemption payment with respect to any Security; or

(h)     make any change in Section 6.04 or 6.07 hereof or in the amendment and waiver provisions of Section 9.01 or this Section 9.02.

Section 9.03. COMPLIANCE WITH TRUST INDENTURE ACT.

Every amendment or supplement to this Indenture or the Securities shall be set forth in an amended or supplemental indenture that complies with the TIA as then in effect.

Section 9.04. REVOCATION AND EFFECT OF CONSENTS.

Until an amendment, supplement or waiver becomes effective, a consent to it by a Holder of a Security is a continuing consent by the Holder of a Security and every subsequent Holder of a Security or portion of a Security that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder’s Securities, even if notation of the consent is not made on any Securities. However, any such Holder of a Security or subsequent Holder of a Security may revoke the consent as to its Securities if the Trustee receives written notice of revocation before the date the waiver, supplement or amendment becomes effective. An amendment, supplement or waiver becomes effective in accordance with its terms and thereafter binds every Holder.

Section 9.05. NOTATION ON OR EXCHANGE OF SECURITIES.

The Trustee may place an appropriate notation about an amendment, supplement or waiver on any Securities thereafter authenticated. The Company in exchange for all Securities may issue and the Trustee shall authenticate new Securities that reflect the amendment, supplement or waiver.

Failure to make the appropriate notation or to issue new Securities shall not affect the validity and effect of such amendment, supplement or waiver.

Section 9.06. TRUSTEE TO SIGN AMENDMENTS, ETC.

The Company may not sign an amendment or supplemental indenture until its Board of Trustees approves it. The Trustee shall sign any amendment or supplemental indenture authorized pursuant to this Article 9 if the amendment or supplement does not adversely affect the rights, duties, liabilities or immunities of the Trustee. If it does, the Trustee may, but need not, sign it. In signing or refusing to sign such amendment or supplemental indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive and, subject to Section 7.01 hereof, shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel as conclusive evidence that such amendment or supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture, that it is not inconsistent herewith, and that it will be valid and binding upon the Company in accordance with its terms.

ARTICLE 10.

MEETINGS OF HOLDERS

Section 10.01. PURPOSES FOR WHICH MEETING MAY BE CALLED.

A meeting of Holders of Securities of any series may be called at any time and from time to time pursuant to this Article 10 to make, give or take any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided by this Indenture to be made, given or taken by Holders of Securities of such series.

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Section 10.02. CALL, NOTICE AND PLACE OF MEETINGS.

(a)    The Trustee may at any time call a meeting of Holders of Securities of any one or more series for any purpose specified in Section 10.01, to be held at such time and at such place in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, or in such other place as the Trustee shall determine. Notice of every meeting of Holders of Securities of any one or more series, setting forth the time and the place of such meeting and in general terms the action proposed to be taken at such meeting, shall be given, in the manner provided in Section 11.02, not less than 20 nor more than 180 days prior to the date fixed for the meeting.

(b)    In case at any time the Company, by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, or the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any one or more series shall have requested the Trustee to call a meeting of the Holders of Securities of such series for any purpose specified in Section 10.01 by written request setting forth in reasonable detail the action proposed to be taken at the meeting, and the Trustee shall not have mailed notice of such meeting within 20 days after receipt of such request or shall not thereafter proceed to cause the meeting to be held as provided herein, then the Company or the Holders of Securities of such series in the amount above specified, as the case may be, may determine the time and the place for such meeting and may call such meeting for such purposes by giving notice thereof as provided in clause (a) of this Section.

Section 10.03. PERSONS ENTITLED TO VOTE AT MEETINGS.

To be entitled to vote at any meeting of Holders of Securities of any one or more series, a Person shall be (a) a Holder of one or more outstanding Securities of such a series, or (b) a Person appointed by an instrument in writing as proxy for a Holder or Holders of one or more outstanding Securities of such series by such Holder or Holders. The only Persons who shall be entitled to be present or to speak at any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series shall be the Persons entitled to vote at such meeting and their counsel, any representatives of the Trustee and its counsel and any representatives of the Company and its counsel.

Section 10.04. QUORUM; ACTION.

The Persons entitled to vote a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of a series shall constitute a quorum for a meeting of Holders of Securities of such series; provided, however, that if the meeting is of the Holders of more than one series of Securities, a quorum shall consist of Persons entitled to vote a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of all such series (voting as a single class); and provided further that if any action is to be taken at such meeting with respect to a consent or waiver which this Indenture (or any Board Resolution, Officer’s Certificate or indenture supplemental hereto establishing a series of Securities hereunder) expressly provides may be given by the Holders of more or less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of a series, the Persons entitled to vote such percentage in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such series shall constitute a quorum. In the absence of a quorum within 30 minutes after the time appointed for any such meeting, the meeting shall, if convened at the request of Holders of Securities of such series, be dissolved. In any other case the meeting may be adjourned for a period of not less than 10 days as determined by the chairman of the meeting prior to the adjournment of such meeting. In the absence of a quorum at any such adjourned meeting, such adjourned meeting may be further adjourned for a period of not less than 10 days as determined by the chairman of the meeting prior to the adjournment of such adjourned meeting. Notice of the reconvening of any such adjourned meeting shall be given as provided in Section 10.02(a), except that such notice need be given only once not less than five days prior to the date on which the meeting is scheduled to be reconvened. Notice of the reconvening of an adjourned meeting shall state expressly the percentage, as provided above, of the principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such series which shall constitute a quorum.

Except as otherwise provided in Section 6.02 or 9.02 (or in any Board Resolution, Officer’s Certificate or indenture supplemental hereto establishing a series of Securities hereunder), any resolution presented to a meeting or adjourned meeting duly reconvened at which a quorum is present as aforesaid may be adopted only by the affirmative vote of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that series (or, if applicable, of all series participating in the meeting (voting as a single class)); provided, however, that, except as otherwise provided in Section 6.02 or 9.02 (or in any Board Resolution, Officer’s Certificate or indenture supplemental hereto establishing a series of Securities hereunder), any resolution with respect to any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action which this Indenture or any supplemental indenture expressly provides may be made, given or taken by the Holders of a specified percentage in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of a series may be adopted at a meeting or an adjourned meeting duly

32

reconvened and at which a quorum is present as aforesaid by the affirmative vote of the Holders of such specified percentage in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such series (or, if applicable, of all series participating in the meeting (voting as a single class)).

Any resolution passed or decision taken at any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series duly held in accordance with this Section shall be binding on all the Holders of Securities of such series, whether or not such Holders were present or represented at the meeting.

Section 10.05. DETERMINATION OF VOTING RIGHTS; CONDUCT AND ADJOURNMENT OF MEETINGS.

(a)    Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Indenture, the Trustee may make such reasonable regulations as it may deem advisable for any meeting of Holders of Securities of one or more series in regard to proof of the holding of Securities of such series and of the appointment of proxies and in regard to the appointment and duties of inspectors of votes, the submission and examination of proxies, certificates and other evidence of the right to vote, and such other matters concerning the conduct of the meeting as it shall deem appropriate. Except as otherwise permitted or required by any such regulations, the holding of Securities shall be proved in the manner specified in Section 1.05 and the appointment of any proxy shall be proved in the manner specified in Section 1.05. Such regulations may provide that written instruments appointing proxies, regular on their face, may be presumed valid and genuine without the proof specified in Section 1.05 or other proof.

(b)    The Trustee shall, by an instrument in writing, appoint a temporary chairman of the meeting, unless the meeting shall have been called by the Company or by Holders of Securities as provided in Section 10.02(b), in which case the Company or the Holders of Securities of the series calling the meeting (voting as a single class if there is more than one such series), as the case may be, shall in like manner appoint a temporary chairman. A permanent chairman and a permanent secretary of the meeting shall be elected by vote of the Persons entitled to vote at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such series (voting as a single class if there is more than one such series) represented at the meeting.

(c)    At any meeting each Holder of a Security of such series or proxy shall be entitled to one vote for each $25 principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such series held or represented by him; provided, however, that no vote shall be cast or counted at any meeting in respect of any Security challenged as not outstanding and ruled by the chairman of the meeting to be not outstanding. The chairman of the meeting shall have no right to vote, except as a Holder of a Security of such series or proxy.

(d)    Any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series duly called pursuant to Section 10.02 at which a quorum is present may be adjourned from time to time by Persons entitled to vote at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such series (voting as a single class if there is more than one such series) represented at the meeting; and the meeting may be held as so adjourned without further notice.

Section 10.06. COUNTING VOTES AND RECORDING ACTION OF MEETINGS.

(a)    The vote upon any resolution submitted to any meeting of Holders of Securities of any one or more series shall be by written ballots on which shall be subscribed the signatures of the Holders of Securities of such series or of their representatives by proxy and the principal amounts and serial numbers of the outstanding Securities of such series held or represented by them. The permanent chairman of the meeting shall appoint two inspectors of votes who shall count all votes cast at the meeting for or against any resolution and who shall make and file with the secretary of the meeting their verified written reports in duplicate of all votes cast at the meeting. A record, at least in duplicate, of the proceedings of each meeting of Holders of Securities of any one or more series shall be prepared by the secretary of the meeting and there shall be attached to said record the original reports of the inspectors of votes on any vote by ballot taken thereat and affidavits by one or more persons having knowledge of the facts setting forth a copy of the notice of the meeting and showing that said notice was given as provided in Section 10.02 and, if applicable, Section 10.04. Each copy shall be signed and verified by the affidavits of the permanent chairman and secretary of the meeting and one such copy shall be delivered to the Company, and another to the Trustee to be preserved by the Trustee, the latter to have attached thereto the ballots voted at the meeting. Any record so signed and verified shall be conclusive evidence of the matters therein stated.

33

Section 10.07. ARTICLE SUBJECT TO OTHER PROVISIONS.

Each provision of this Article 10 (whether or not expressly so stated) is subject to any other provision of this Indenture (or any Board Resolution, Officer’s Certificate or supplemental indenture establishing a series of Securities hereunder) that provides that Securities of different series constitute a single class.

ARTICLE 11.

MISCELLANEOUS

Section 11.01. TRUST INDENTURE ACT CONTROLS.

This Indenture is subject to the provisions of the TIA that are required to be part of this Indenture and shall, to the extent applicable, be governed by such provisions. If any provision of this Indenture limits, qualifies or conflicts with another provision which is required to be included in this Indenture by the TIA, the required provision shall control.

Section 11.02. NOTICES.

Any notice or communication by the Company or the Trustee to the other is duly given if in writing and delivered in person or mailed by first class mail (registered or certified, return receipt requested), telecopier or overnight air courier guaranteeing next day delivery, to the others’ address:

If to the Company:

Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust

The Bellevue

200 S. Broad Street

Philadelphia, PA 19102

Facsimile No. (215) 875-0700

Attention: General Counsel

If to the Trustee:

The Company or the Trustee, by notice to the others may designate additional or different addresses for subsequent notices or communications.

All notices and communications (other than those sent to Holders) shall be deemed to have been duly given: at the time delivered by hand, if personally delivered; five Business Days after being deposited in the mail, postage prepaid, if mailed; when receipt acknowledged or confirmed, if telecopied; and the next Business Day after timely delivery to the courier, if sent by overnight air courier guaranteeing next day delivery.

Any notice or communication to a Holder shall be mailed by first class mail or by overnight courier guaranteeing next day delivery to its address shown on the register kept by the Registrar. Any notice or communication shall also be so mailed to any Person described in TIA § 313(c), to the extent required by the TIA. Failure to mail a notice or communication to a Holder or any defect in it shall not affect its sufficiency with respect to other Holders.

If a notice or communication is mailed in the manner provided above within the time prescribed, it is duly given, whether or not the addressee receives it.

34

If the Company mails a notice or communication to Holders, it shall mail a copy to the Trustee and each Agent at the same time.

Section 11.03. COMMUNICATION BY HOLDERS OF SECURITIES WITH OTHER HOLDERS OF SECURITIES.

Holders may communicate pursuant to TIA § 312(b) with other Holders with respect to their rights under this Indenture or the Securities. The Company, the Trustee, the Registrar and anyone else shall have the protection of TIA § 312(c).

Section 11.04. CERTIFICATE AND OPINION AS TO CONDITIONS PRECEDENT.

Upon any request or application by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee:

(a)    an Officers’ Certificate in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee (which shall include the statements set forth in Section 11.05 hereof) stating that, in the opinion of the signers, all conditions precedent and covenants, if any, provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been satisfied; and

(b)    an Opinion of Counsel in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee (which shall include the statements set forth in Section 11.05 hereof) stating that, in the opinion of such counsel, all such conditions precedent and covenants have been satisfied.

Section 11.05. STATEMENTS REQUIRED IN CERTIFICATE OR OPINION.

Each certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture (other than a certificate provided pursuant to TIA § 314(a)(4)) shall comply with the provisions of TIA § 314(e) and shall include:

(a)    a statement that the Person making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition;

(b)    a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based;

(c)    a statement that, in the opinion of such Person, he or she has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been satisfied; and

(d)    a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such Person, such condition or covenant has been satisfied.

Section 11.06. RULES BY TRUSTEE AND AGENTS.

The Trustee may make reasonable rules for action by or at a meeting of Holders. The Registrar or Paying Agent may make reasonable rules and set reasonable requirements for its functions.

Section 11.07. NO PERSONAL LIABILITY OF TRUSTEES, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES AND STOCKHOLDERS.

No past, present or future trustee, officer, employee, incorporator or stockholder of the Company, as such, shall have any liability for any obligations of the Company under the Securities, this Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of, or by reason of, such obligations or their creation. Each Holder of Securities by accepting a Security waives and releases all such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for issuance of the Securities.

35

Section 11.08. GOVERNING LAW.

THE INTERNAL LAW OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK SHALL GOVERN AND BE USED TO CONSTRUE AND ENFORCE THIS INDENTURE AND THE SECURITIES.

Section 11.09. NO ADVERSE INTERPRETATION OF OTHER AGREEMENTS.

This Indenture may not be used to interpret any other indenture, loan or debt agreement of the Company or its Subsidiaries or of any other Person. Any such indenture, loan or debt agreement may not be used to interpret this Indenture.

Section 11.10. SUCCESSORS.

All agreements of the Company in this Indenture and the Securities shall bind its successors. All agreements of the Trustee in this Indenture shall bind its successors.

Section 11.11. SEVERABILITY.

In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

Section 11.12. COUNTERPART ORIGINALS.

The parties may sign any number of copies of this Indenture. Each signed copy shall be an original, but all of them together represent the same agreement. This Indenture will be effective when each party shall have signed and delivered (including delivery by facsimile transmission), one or more counterparts to the other, but it shall not be necessary for both parties to sign the same counterpart.

Section 11.13. TABLE OF CONTENTS, HEADINGS, ETC.

The Table of Contents and Headings of the Articles and Sections of this Indenture have been inserted for convenience of reference only, are not to be considered a part of this Indenture and shall in no way modify or restrict any of the terms or provisions hereof.

[Signature Page Follows]

36

SIGNATURES

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Indenture as of the date first written above.

PENNSYLVANIA REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST

By

Name:

Title:

                                                                                                             ,

as Trustee

By

Name:

Title:

37

EXHIBIT A-1

(Face of Note)

% [Series      ] Senior Note due [                    ]

[Insert the Global Note Legend, if applicable pursuant to the provisions of the Indenture]

CUSIP:

No: $        

PENNSYLVANIA REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST

promises to pay to                      or registered assigns, the principal sum of                     

Dollars on          .

Interest Payment Dates:                      .

Record Dates:                      .

PENNSYLVANIA REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST

By

Name:

Title:

This is one of the
Notes referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture:
,
as Trustee
By
	Authorized Officer

38

(Back of Note)

% [Series                    ] Senior Note due [                    ]

Capitalized terms used herein have the meanings assigned to them in the Indenture referred to below unless otherwise indicated.

1.    INTEREST. Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust, a Pennsylvania business trust (the “Company”), promises to pay interest on the principal amount of this Note at    % per annum from [                    ] until maturity. The Company will pay interest [                    ] on                    and                    of each year, or if any such day is not a Business Day, on the next succeeding Business Day (each an “Interest Payment Date”). Interest on the Notes will accrue from the most recent date to which interest has been paid or, if no interest has been paid, from the date of issuance; provided that if there is no existing Default in the payment of interest, and if this Note is authenticated between a record date referred to on the face hereof and the next succeeding Interest Payment Date, interest shall accrue from such next succeeding Interest Payment Date; provided, further, that the first Interest Payment Date shall be                    . The Company shall pay interest (including post-petition interest in any proceeding under any Bankruptcy Law) on overdue installments of interest (without regard to any applicable grace periods) from time to time on demand at the same rate to the extent lawful. Interest will be computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months.

2.    METHOD OF PAYMENT. The Company will pay interest on the Notes (except defaulted interest) to the Persons who are registered Holders of Notes at the close of business on the                or                    next preceding the Interest Payment Date, even if such Notes are canceled after such record date and on or before such Interest Payment Date, except as provided in Section 2.14 of the Indenture with respect to defaulted interest. The Notes will be payable as to principal, premium and interest at the office or agency of the Company maintained for such purpose within or without the City and State of New York, provided that payment by wire transfer of immediately available funds will be required with respect to principal of and interest and premium on, all Global Notes and all other Notes the Holders of which shall have provided wire transfer instructions to the Company or the Paying Agent. Such payment shall be in such coin or currency of the United States of America as at the time of payment is legal tender for payment of public and private debts.

3.    PAYING AGENT AND REGISTRAR. Initially,                    , the Trustee under the Indenture, will act as Paying Agent and Registrar. The Company may change any Paying Agent or Registrar without notice to any Holder. The Company may act in any such capacity.

4.    INDENTURE. The Company issued the Notes under an Indenture dated as of                    (the “Indenture”) between the Company and the Trustee. The terms of the Notes include those stated in the Indenture and in [a Supplemental Indenture] [resolutions of [the [                    ] Committee of] the Company’s Board of Trustees] [an Officer’s Certificate] dated                    , and those terms made part of the Indenture by reference to the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended (15 U.S. Code §§ 77aaa-77bbbb) (the “TIA”). The Notes are subject to all such terms, and Holders are referred to the Indenture and the TIA for a statement of such terms. The Notes are general obligations of the Company. “Notes” means this Note and all other Notes of the series of which this Note is a part. The Notes are “Securities” within the meaning of the Indenture, and references in the Indenture to “Securities” (including terms such as “Global Securities”) include the Notes (and any “Global Notes” as used herein).

5.    OPTIONAL REDEMPTION.

[(a)] The Notes will not be redeemable at the Company’s option prior to                    . The Notes may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company on or after                    , at the redemption prices specified below (expressed as percentages of the principal amount thereof), in each case, together with accrued and unpaid interest thereon to the date of redemption, upon not less than 30 nor more than 60 days’ notice, if redeemed during the twelve-month period beginning on                    of the years indicated below:

Year Redemption
Price

[(b) Notwithstanding the foregoing, prior to                , the Company may, on any one or more occasions, use the net proceeds of one or more offerings of its capital stock to redeem up to    % of the aggregate

39

principal amount of all Notes that had been issued under the Indenture up to the time of redemption at a redemption price of    % the principal amount of the Notes redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, to the date of redemption; provided that, after any such redemption, the aggregate principal amount of the Notes outstanding (excluding Notes held by the Company and its Subsidiaries) must equal at least     % of the Notes that had been issued under the Indenture up to the time of redemption; and provided further, that any such redemption shall occur within 90 days of the date of closing of such offering of Capital Stock of the Company.]

6.    MANDATORY REDEMPTION. [The Company shall not be required to make mandatory redemption or sinking fund payments with respect to the Notes.] or [Describe mandatory redemption or sinking fund provisions.]

7.    NOTICE OF REDEMPTION. Notice of Redemption will be mailed at least 30 days but not more than 60 days before the redemption date to each Holder whose Notes are to be redeemed at its registered address. Notes in denominations larger than $1,000 may be redeemed in part but only in whole multiples of $1,000, unless all of the Notes held by a Holder are to be redeemed. On and after the redemption date interest ceases to accrue on Notes or portions thereof called for redemption.

8.    DENOMINATION, TRANSFER, EXCHANGE. The Notes are in registered form without coupons in all appropriate denominations. The transfer of Notes may be registered and Notes may be exchanged as provided in the Indenture. The Registrar and the Trustee may require a Holder, among other things, to furnish appropriate endorsements and transfer documents and the Company may require a Holder to pay any taxes and fees required by law or permitted by the Indenture. The Company need not transfer or exchange any Note selected for redemption, except for the unredeemed portion of any Note being redeemed in part. Also, it need not transfer or exchange any Note for a period of 15 days before a selection of Notes to be redeemed.

9.    PERSONS DEEMED OWNERS. The registered Holder of a Note will be treated as its owner for all purposes.

10.    AMENDMENT, SUPPLEMENT AND WAIVER. Subject to certain exceptions, the Indenture or the Notes may be amended or supplemented with the consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Notes and other series of Securities affected (treating the Notes and such other series as a single class), and any existing default or compliance with any provision of the Indenture, the Notes may be waived with the consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Notes and other series of Securities affected (treating the Notes and such other series as a single class). Without the consent of any Holder of a Note, the Indenture or the Notes may be amended or supplemented to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency, to provide for uncertificated Notes in addition to or in place of certificated Notes, to provide for Notes in coupon form, to provide for a successor Trustee, to provide for the assumption of the Company’s obligations to Holders of the Notes in case of a merger or consolidation, to make any change that would provide any additional rights or benefits to the Holders of the Notes or that does not adversely affect the rights under the Indenture of any such Holder, or to comply with the requirements of the SEC in order to effect or maintain the qualification of the Indenture under the TIA.

11.    DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES. Each of the following constitutes an Event of Default: (i) default by the Company in the payment of interest on the Notes when the same becomes due and payable and default continues for a period of 30 days; (ii) default by the Company in the payment of the principal of or premium, if any, on the Notes when the same becomes due and payable at maturity, upon redemption or otherwise; (iii) failure by the Company for 60 days after notice to comply with any of its other agreements in the Indenture or the Notes and (iv) certain events of bankruptcy or insolvency with respect to the Company. If any Event of Default occurs and is continuing, the Trustee or the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the then outstanding Notes and other series of Securities affected (treating the Notes and such other series as a single class) may declare all the Notes to be due and payable immediately. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of an Event of Default arising from certain events of bankruptcy or insolvency with respect to the Company, all outstanding Notes will become due and payable without further action or notice. Holders of the Notes may not enforce the Indenture or the Notes except as provided in the Indenture. Subject to certain limitations, Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Notes and other series of Securities affected (treating the Notes and such other series as a single class) may direct the Trustee in its exercise of any trust or power. The Trustee may withhold from Holders of the Notes notice of any continuing Default or Event of Default (except a Default or Event of Default relating to the payment of principal or interest) if it determines that withholding notice is in their interest. The Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Notes and other series of Securities affected (treating the Notes and such other

40

series as a single class) then outstanding by notice to the Trustee may on behalf of the Holders of all of the Notes waive any existing Default or Event of Default and its consequences under the Indenture except a continuing Default or Event of Default in the payment of principal, interest or premium on the Notes. The Company is required to deliver to the Trustee annually a statement regarding compliance with the Indenture, and the Company is required upon becoming aware of any Default or Event of Default, to deliver to the Trustee a statement specifying such Default or Event of Default.

12.    TRUSTEE DEALINGS WITH THE COMPANY. The Trustee, in its individual or any other capacity, may make loans to, accept deposits from, and perform services for the Company or its Affiliates, and may otherwise deal with the Company or its Affiliates, as if it were not the Trustee.

13.    NO RECOURSE AGAINST OTHERS. No trustee, officer, employee, incorporator or stockholder of the Company shall have any liability for any obligations of the Company under the Notes or the Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of, or by reason of, such obligations or their creation. Each Holder of Notes by accepting a Note waives and releases all such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for the issuance of the Notes.

14.    AUTHENTICATION. This Note shall not be valid until authenticated by the manual signature of the Trustee or an authenticating agent.

15.    ABBREVIATIONS. Customary abbreviations may be used in the name of a Holder or an assignee, such as: TEN COM (= tenants in common), TEN ENT (= tenants by the entireties), JT TEN (= joint tenants with right of survivorship and not as tenants in common), CUST (= Custodian), and U/G/M/A (= Uniform Gifts to Minors Act).

16.    CUSIP NUMBERS. Pursuant to a recommendation promulgated by the Committee on Uniform Security Identification Procedures, the Company has caused CUSIP numbers to be printed on the Notes and the Trustee may use CUSIP numbers in notices of redemption as a convenience to Holders. No representation is made as to the accuracy of such numbers either as printed on the Notes or as contained in any notice of redemption and reliance may be placed only on the other identification numbers placed thereon.

The Company will furnish to any Holder upon written request and without charge a copy of the Indenture. Requests may be made to:

Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust

The Bellevue

200 S. Broad Street

Philadelphia, PA 19102

Attention: General Counsel

41

ASSIGNMENT FORM

To assign this Note, fill in the form below: (I) or (we) assign and transfer this Note to

(Insert assignee’s soc. sec. or tax I.D. no.)

(Print or type assignee’s name, address and zip code)

and irrevocably appoint                      to transfer this Note on the books of the Company. The agent may substitute another to act for him.

Date:
	Your
	Signature:
	(Sign exactly as your name appears on the face of this Note)

Signature Guarantee.

42

SCHEDULE OF EXCHANGES OF INTERESTS IN THE GLOBAL NOTE

The following exchanges of a part of this Global Note for an interest in another Global Note or for a certificated Note, or exchanges of a part of another Global Note or certificated Note for an interest in this Global Note, have been made:

Date of Exchange Amount of
decrease in
Principal
Amount of this
Global Note Amount of
increase in
Principal
Amount of this
Global Note Principal
Amount of
this Global Note
following such
decrease
(or increase) Signature of
authorized
officer of
Trustee or
Note Custodian

43

EX-4.2

EXHIBIT 4.2

PENNSYLVANIA REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST

SENIOR SUBORDINATED

INDENTURE

Dated as of             , 20

Providing for Issuance of Senior Subordinated Debt Securities in Series

                                                                                          ,

as Trustee

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ARTICLE 1.	DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE	1
Section 1.01.	Definitions	1
Section 1.02.	Other Definitions	5
Section 1.03.	Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act	5
Section 1.04.	Rules of Construction	5
Section 1.05.	Acts of Holders	6
ARTICLE 2.	THE SECURITIES	6
Section 2.01.	Form and Dating	6
Section 2.02.	Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series	7
Section 2.03.	Denominations	10
Section 2.04.	Execution and Authentication	10
Section 2.05.	Registrar and Paying Agent; Appointment of Depositary	10
Section 2.06.	Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust	11
Section 2.07.	Holder Lists	11
Section 2.08.	Transfer and Exchange	11
Section 2.09.	Replacement Securities	13
Section 2.10.	Outstanding Securities	13
Section 2.11.	Treasury Securities	14
Section 2.12.	Temporary Securities	14
Section 2.13.	Purchase and Cancellation	14
Section 2.14.	Defaulted Interest	14
Section 2.15	Book-Entry Provisions for Global Securities	15
ARTICLE 3.	REDEMPTION AND PREPAYMENT	15
Section 3.01.	Applicability of Article	15
Section 3.02.	Selection of Securities to Be Redeemed	16
Section 3.03.	Notice of Redemption	16
Section 3.04.	Effect of Notice of Redemption	17
Section 3.05.	Deposit of Redemption or Purchase Price	17
Section 3.06.	Securities Redeemed or Purchased in Part	17
Section 3.07.	Mandatory Redemption; Sinking Fund	17
ARTICLE 4.	COVENANTS	17
Section 4.01.	Payment of Securities	17
Section 4.02.	Maintenance of Office or Agency	17
Section 4.03.	Reports	18
Section 4.04.	Compliance Certificate	18

i

Section 4.05.	Continued Existence	18
Section 4.06.	Stay, Extension and Usury Laws	19
Section 4.07.	No Senior Subordinated Debt	19
ARTICLE 5.	SUCCESSORS	19
Section 5.01.	Merger, Consolidation, or Sale of Assets	19
Section 5.02.	Successor Person Substituted	19
ARTICLE 6.	DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES	20
Section 6.01.	Events of Default	20
Section 6.02.	Acceleration	21
Section 6.03.	Other Remedies	21
Section 6.04.	Waiver of Past Defaults; Rescission of Acceleration	21
Section 6.05.	Control by Majority	21
Section 6.06.	Limitation on Suits	22
Section 6.07.	Rights of Holders of Securities to Receive Payment	22
Section 6.08.	Collection Suit by Trustee	22
Section 6.09.	Trustee May File Proofs of Claim	22
Section 6.10.	Priorities	23
Section 6.11.	Undertaking for Costs	23
ARTICLE 7.	TRUSTEE	23
Section 7.01.	Duties of Trustee	23
Section 7.02.	Rights of Trustee	24
Section 7.03.	Individual Rights of Trustee	24
Section 7.04.	Trustee’s Disclaimer	25
Section 7.05.	Notice of Defaults	25
Section 7.06.	Reports by Trustee to Holders of the Securities	25
Section 7.07.	Compensation and Indemnity	25
Section 7.08.	Replacement of Trustee	26
Section 7.09.	Successor Trustee by Merger, etc.	27
Section 7.10.	Eligibility; Disqualification	27
Section 7.11.	Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company	27
ARTICLE 8.	LEGAL DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE	27
Section 8.01.	Option to Effect Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance	27
Section 8.02.	Legal Defeasance and Discharge	28
Section 8.03.	Covenant Defeasance	28
Section 8.04.	Conditions to Legal or Covenant Defeasance	29
Section 8.05.	Deposited Money and U.S. Government Obligations to be Held in Trust; Other Miscellaneous Provisions	30
Section 8.06.	Repayment to Company	30
Section 8.07.	Reinstatement	30

ii

ARTICLE 9.	AMENDMENT, SUPPLEMENT AND WAIVER	31
Section 9.01.	Without Consent of Holders of Securities	31
Section 9.02.	With Consent of Holders of Securities	32
Section 9.03.	Compliance with Trust Indenture Act	33
Section 9.04.	Revocation and Effect of Consents	33
Section 9.05.	Notation on or Exchange of Securities	33
Section 9.06.	Trustee to Sign Amendments, etc.	33
ARTICLE 10.	SUBORDINATION	34
Section 10.01.	Agreement to subordinate	34
Section 10.02.	Certain definitions	34
Section 10.03.	Liquidation; Dissolution; Bankruptcy	34
Section 10.04.	Default on Designated Senior Debt	34
Section 10.05.	Acceleration of Securities	35
Section 10.06.	When Distribution Must Be Paid Over	35
Section 10.07.	Notice by Company	36
Section 10.08.	Subrogation	36
Section 10.09.	Relative Rights	36
Section 10.10.	Subordination May Not Be Impaired By Company	36
Section 10.11.	Distribution or Notice to Representative	36
Section 10.12.	Rights of Trustee and Paying Agent	36
Section 10.13.	Authorization to Effect Subordination	37
ARTICLE 11.	MEETINGS OF HOLDERS	37
Section 11.01.	Purposes for Which Meeting May Be Called	37
Section 11.02.	Call, Notice and Place of Meetings	37
Section 11.03.	Persons Entitled to Vote at Meetings	37
Section 11.04.	Quorum; Action	38
Section 11.05.	Determination of Voting Rights; Conduct and Adjournment of Meetings	38
Section 11.06.	Counting Votes and Recording Action of Meetings	39
Section 11.07.	Article Subject to Other Provisions	39
ARTICLE 12.	MISCELLANEOUS	39
Section 12.01.	Trust Indenture Act Controls	39
Section 12.02.	Notices	40
Section 12.03.	Communication by Holders of Securities with Other Holders of Securities	40
Section 12.04.	Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent	40
Section 12.05.	Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion	41

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Section 12.06.	Rules by Trustee and Agents	41
Section 12.07.	No Personal Liability of Trustees, Officers, Employees and Stockholders	41
Section 12.08.	Governing Law	41
Section 12.09.	No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements	41
Section 12.10.	Successors	41
Section 12.11.	Severability	41
Section 12.12.	Counterpart Originals	42
Section 12.13.	Table of Contents, Headings, etc.	42

iv

Reconciliation and Tie Between the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and Indenture dated as of                    , between Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust and                    , as Trustee

TIA Section	Indenture Section
310(a)(1)	7.10
310(a)(2)	7.10
310(a)(3)	N/A
310(a)(4)	N/A
310(a)(5)	7.10
310(b)	7.03, 7.08, 7.10
310(c)	N/A
311(a)	7.11
311(b)	7.11
311(c)	N/A
312(a)	2.07
312(b)	2.07, 12.03
312(c)	2.07, 12.03
313(a)	7.06
313(b)	7.06
313(c)	7.06, 12.02
313(d)	7.06
314(a)	4.03
314(b)	N/A
314(c)	4.04, 12.05
314(d)	N/A
314(e)	12.05
314(f)	N/A
315(a)	7.01
315(b)	7.05
315(c)	7.01
315(d)	7.01
315(e)	6.11
316(a)(1)	6.04, 6.05
316(a)(2)	N/A
316(a) last sentence	2.11
316(b)	6.07
317(a)	6.08, 6.09
317(b)	2.06
318(a)	12.01
318(c)	12.01

* Note: This reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be a part of the Indenture

v

INDENTURE dated as of                     between Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust, a Pennsylvania business trust, and                     , as Trustee.

The Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the issuance from time to time of its secured or unsecured senior subordinated debentures, notes, bonds or other evidences of indebtedness (“Securities”) to be issued in one or more series as herein provided.

All things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement of the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.

For and in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the Securities by the Holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed as follows for the equal and ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities:

ARTICLE 1.

DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION

BY REFERENCE

Section 1.01. DEFINITIONS.

“Affiliate” of any specified Person means any other Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with such specified Person. For purposes of this definition, “control” (including, with correlative meanings, the terms “controlling,” “controlled by” and “under common control with”), as used with respect to any Person, shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of such Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by agreement or otherwise; provided, however, that beneficial ownership of 10% or more of the voting securities of a Person shall be deemed to be control.

“Agent” means any Registrar or Paying Agent.

“Agent Members” has the meaning specified in Section 2.15.

“Bankruptcy Law” means Title 11, U.S. Code or any similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors.

“Board” or “Board of Trustees” means the Board of Trustees of the Company or any authorized committee of the Board of Trustees.

“Board Resolution” means a resolution of the Board of Trustees.

“Business Day” means any day other than a Legal Holiday.

“Capital Lease Obligation” means, at the time any determination thereof is to be made, the amount of the liability in respect of a capital lease that would at such time be required to be capitalized on a balance sheet in accordance with GAAP.

“Clearstream” means Clearstream Banking, a société anonyme (or any successor securities clearing agency).

“Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

“Company” means Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust, a Pennsylvania business trust, and any and all successors thereto.

“Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee” shall be the address of the Trustee specified in Section 12.02 hereof or such other address as to which the Trustee may give notice to the Company.

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“Credit Facility” means any principal bank or institutional credit facility of the Company identified in any supplemental indenture establishing a series of Securities, including any amendment, supplement, modification, restatement, replacement, refunding or refinancing.

“Custodian” means the Trustee, as custodian with respect to Securities in global form, or any successor entity thereto.

“Default” means any event that is, or with the passage of time or the giving of notice or both would be, an Event of Default.

“Depositary” means, with respect to any series of Securities issuable or issued in whole or in part in global form, the Person specified in Section 2.05 hereof as the Depositary with respect to the Global Securities of that series, and any and all successors thereto registered and in good standing as a clearing agency under the Exchange Act, appointed as depositary hereunder and having become such pursuant to the applicable provision of this Indenture.

“Euroclear” means Euroclear Bank S.A./N.V., as operator of the Euroclear system (or any successor clearing agency).

“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

“GAAP” means United States generally accepted accounting principles.

“Global Securities” means, individually and collectively, the Securities issued in global form issued in accordance with Sections 2.01, 2.08 and 2.15 hereof.

“Hedging Obligations” means, with respect to any Person, the obligations of such Person under (i) interest rate swap agreements, interest rate cap agreements and interest rate collar agreements and (ii) other agreements or arrangements designed to protect such Person against fluctuations in interest rates.

“Holder” means a Person in whose name a Security is registered.

“Indebtedness” means, with respect to any Person, any indebtedness of such Person, whether or not contingent, in respect of borrowed money or evidenced by bonds, securities, debentures or similar instruments or letters of credit (or reimbursement agreements in respect thereof) or banker’s acceptances or representing any Capital Lease Obligations or the balance deferred and unpaid of the purchase price of any property or representing any Hedging Obligations, except any such balance that constitutes an accrued expense or trade payable, if and to the extent any of the foregoing indebtedness (other than letters of credit and Hedging Obligations) would appear as a liability upon a balance sheet of such Person prepared in accordance with GAAP, as well as all indebtedness of others secured by a lien on any asset of such Person (whether or not such indebtedness is assumed by such Person) and, to the extent not otherwise included, the guarantee by such Person of any indebtedness of any other Person. The amount of Indebtedness of any Person at any date shall be the outstanding balance at such date of all unconditional obligations as described above and the maximum liability, upon the occurrence of the contingency giving rise to the obligation, of any contingent obligations at such date; provided that the amount outstanding at any time of any Indebtedness issued with original issue discount is the full amount of such Indebtedness less the remaining unamortized portion of the original issue discount of such Indebtedness at such time as determined in conformity with GAAP. The amount of any Indebtedness outstanding as of any date shall be (i) the accreted value thereof, in the case of any Indebtedness issued with original issue discount and (ii) the principal amount thereof, together with any interest thereon that is more than 30 days past due, in the case of any other Indebtedness.

“Indenture” means this Senior Subordinated Indenture, as amended, waived or supplemented from time to time and shall include and incorporate by reference the forms and terms of particular series of Securities established as contemplated hereunder.

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“Indirect Participant” means a Person who holds a beneficial interest in a Global Security through a Participant.

“Interest Payment Date” when used with respect to any Security, means the Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on such Security.

“Legal Holiday” means a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which banking institutions in the City of New York or at a place of payment are authorized by law, regulation or executive order to remain closed. If a payment date is a Legal Holiday at a place of payment, payment may be made at that place on the next succeeding day that is not a Legal Holiday, and no interest shall accrue on such payment for the intervening period.

“Obligations” means any principal, interest, penalties, fees, indemnifications, reimbursements, damages and other liabilities payable (1) under this Indenture or the applicable Securities, or (2) under Senior Debt.

“Officer” means, with respect to any Person, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Chief Operating Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, the Treasurer, any Assistant Treasurer, the Controller, the principal accounting officer, the Secretary, any Assistant Secretary, any Vice President or any Assistant Vice President of such Person.

“Officers’ Certificate” means a certificate signed on behalf of the Company by two Officers of the Company, one of whom must be the principal executive officer, the principal financial officer, the treasurer or the principal accounting officer of the Company, that meets the requirements of Section 12.05 hereof.

“Opinion of Counsel” means an opinion from legal counsel that meets the requirements of Section 12.05 hereof. The counsel may be an employee of or counsel to the Company, any Subsidiary of the Company or the Trustee.

“Participant” means, with respect to the Depositary, a Person who has an account with the Depositary.

“Person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, association, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or government or agency or political subdivision thereof.

“Responsible Officer” when used with respect to the Trustee, means any officer within the Corporate Trust Administration department of the Trustee (or any successor group of the Trustee) or any other officer of the Trustee customarily performing functions similar to those performed by any of the above designated officers and also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter, any other officer to whom such matter is referred because of his knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject.

“SEC” means the Securities and Exchange Commission.

“Securities” has the meaning assigned to it in the preamble to this Indenture.

“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

“Senior Bank Debt” means the Indebtedness (including letters of credit) outstanding under the Credit Facility as such agreement may be restated, further amended, supplemented or otherwise modified or replaced from time to time hereafter, together with any refunding or replacement of such Indebtedness.

“Senior Debt” means any Indebtedness unless the instrument under which such Indebtedness is incurred expressly provides that it is on a parity with or subordinated in right of payment to the Securities. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, Senior Debt includes Obligations under the Credit Facility, Obligations under the Senior Indenture, and Obligations under any securities issued under the Senior Indenture. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the foregoing, Senior Debt will not include (a) any liability for federal, state, local or other taxes owed or owing by the Company, (b) Indebtedness of the Company to any of its Subsidiaries or other Affiliates, (c) any trade payables, (d) any Indebtedness that is incurred in violation of this Indenture, or (e) Obligations under the Subordinated Indenture or Obligations under any securities issued under the Subordinated Indenture.

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“Senior Indenture” means the Senior Indenture dated the date hereof between the Company and                    , as trustee, as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time.

“Significant Subsidiary” means any Subsidiary that would be a “significant subsidiary” as defined in Article 1, Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X, promulgated pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Regulation is in effect on the date of this Indenture.

“Stated Maturity” means, with respect to the payment of any interest or principal on any series of Securities, the date on which such payment of interest or principal is scheduled to be paid thereon by its terms as in effect from time to time, and does not include any contingent obligation to repay, redeem or repurchase any such interest or principal prior to the date scheduled for the payment thereof.

“Subordinated Indenture” means the Subordinated Indenture dated the date hereof between the Company and                    , as trustee, as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time.

“Subsidiary” means, with respect to any Person, (i) any corporation, association or other business entity of which more than 50% of the total voting power of shares of capital stock or other equity interests entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors, managers or trustees thereof is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such Person or one or more of the other Subsidiaries of such Person (or a combination thereof) and (ii) any partnership (a) the sole general partner or the managing general partner of which is such a Person or a Subsidiary of such Person or (b) the only general partners of which are such Person or one or more Subsidiaries of such Person (or any combination thereof.)

“TIA” means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (15 U.S.C. §§ 77aaa-77bbbb as amended) as in effect on the date on which this Indenture is qualified under the TIA.

“Trustee” means the party named as such above until a successor replaces it in accordance with the applicable provisions of this Indenture and thereafter means the successor serving hereunder.

“U.S. Government Obligations” means securities that are (i) direct obligations of the United States of America for the payment of which its full faith and credit is pledged or (ii) obligations of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States of America the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the United States of America, which, in either case under clauses (i) or (ii), are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof, and shall also include a depository receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to any such U.S. Government Obligation or a specific payment of interest on or principal of any such U.S. Government Obligation held by such custodian for the account of the holder of a depository receipt, provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depository receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the U.S. Government Obligation or the specific payment of interest on or principal of the U.S. Government Obligation evidenced by such depository receipt.

4

Section 1.02. OTHER DEFINITIONS.

Term	Defined in Section
“Act”		1.05
“Authentication Order”		2.04
“Covenant Defeasance”		8.03
“custodian”		6.01
“Designated Senior Debt”		10.02
“distribution”		10.02
“Event of Default”		6.01
“Legal Defeasance”		8.02
“Notice of Default”		6.01
“Outstanding”		8.02
“Paying Agent”		2.05
“Payment Blockage Notice”		10.04
“Registrar”		2.05
“Representative”		10.02

Section 1.03. INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE OF TRUST INDENTURE ACT.

Whenever this Indenture refers to a provision of the TIA, the provision is incorporated by reference in and made a part of this Indenture.

The following TIA terms used in this Indenture have the following meanings:

“indenture security holder” means a Holder of a Security;

“indenture to be qualified” means this Indenture;

“indenture trustee” or “institutional trustee” means the Trustee;

“obligor” on the Securities means the Company and any successor obligor upon the Securities.

All other terms used in this Indenture that are defined by the TIA, defined by TIA reference to another statute or defined by SEC rule under the TIA and not otherwise defined herein have the meanings so assigned to them.

Section 1.04. RULES OF CONSTRUCTION.

For the purposes of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise requires:

(1)    a term has the meaning assigned to it;

(2)    an accounting term not otherwise defined has the meaning assigned to it in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles;

(3)    “or” is not exclusive;

(4)    words in the singular include the plural, and in the plural include the singular;

(5)    provisions apply to successive events and transactions; and

(6)    references to sections of or rules under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act shall be deemed to include substitute, replacement and successor sections or rules adopted by the SEC from time to time.

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Section 1.05. ACTS OF HOLDERS.

(a) Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided or permitted by this Indenture to be given or taken by Holders may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments of substantially similar tenor signed by such Holders, in person or by an agent duly appointed in writing or may be embodied in and evidenced by the record of Holders voting in favor thereof, either in person or by proxies duly appointed in writing, at any meeting of Holders duly called and held in accordance with the provisions of Article 11, or a combination of such instruments or record and, except as herein otherwise expressly provided, such action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments or record or both are delivered to the Trustee and, where it is hereby expressly required, to the Company. Such instrument or instruments and any such record (and the action embodied therein and evidenced thereby) are herein sometimes referred to as the “Act” of Holders signing such instrument or instruments and so voting at any such meeting. Proof of execution of any such instrument or of a writing appointing any such agent or proxy shall be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture and conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the Company, if made in the manner provided in this Section and Section 11.06. The record of any meeting of Holders shall be proved in the manner provided in Section 11.06.

(b) Without limiting the generality of this Section, unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, a Holder, including a Depositary that is a Holder of a Global Security, may make, give or take, by a proxy, or proxies, duly appointed in writing, any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided in or pursuant to this Indenture to be made, given or taken by Holders, and a Depositary that is a Holder of a Global Security may provide its proxy or proxies to the beneficial owners of interests in any such Global Security through such Depositary’s standing instructions and customary practices.

(c) The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such instrument or writing may be proved in any manner which the Trustee deems sufficient.

(d) The ownership of Securities shall be proved by the Register.

ARTICLE 2.

THE SECURITIES

Section 2.01. FORM AND DATING.

(a)    General. The Securities of each series shall be in substantially such form as shall be established by or pursuant to a Board Resolution or in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in each case with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as are required or permitted by this Indenture, and may have such letters, numbers or other marks of identification and such legends or endorsements placed thereon as may be required to comply with the rules of any applicable securities exchange, organizational document, governing instrument or law or as may, consistently herewith, be determined by the officers executing such Securities as evidenced by their execution of the Securities. If temporary Securities of any series are issued as permitted by Section 2.12, the form thereof also shall be established as provided in the preceding sentence. If the forms of Securities of any series are established by, or by action taken pursuant to, a Board Resolution, a copy of the Board Resolution, certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by the Board of Trustees and to be in full force and effect on the date of the certificate, together with an appropriate record of any such action taken pursuant thereto, including a copy of the approved form of Securities, shall be delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Authentication Order contemplated by Section 2.04 or 2.12,

6

as applicable, for the authentication and delivery of such Securities. The Trustee’s certificate of authentication shall be in substantially the following form:

This is one of the Securities of the series described in the within-mentioned Indenture.

as Trustee
By:
	Authorized Signatory

(b)     Global Securities. If Securities of or within a series are issuable in whole or in part in global form, any such Security may provide that it shall represent the aggregate or specified amount of outstanding Securities from time to time endorsed thereon and may also provide that the aggregate amount of outstanding Securities represented thereby may from time to time be reduced or increased to reflect exchanges. Any endorsement of a Security in global form to reflect the amount, or any increase or decrease in the amount, or changes in the rights of Holders, of outstanding Securities represented thereby, shall be made in such manner and by such Person or Persons as shall be specified therein or upon the written order of the Company signed by an Officer to be delivered to the Trustee pursuant to Section 2.04 or 2.12. Subject to the provisions of Section 2.04, Section 2.12, if applicable, and Section 2.08, the Trustee shall deliver and redeliver any Security in permanent global form in the manner and upon instructions given by the Person or Persons specified therein or in the applicable written order of the Company signed by an Officer. Any instructions by the Company with respect to endorsement or delivery or redelivery of a Security in global form shall be in writing.

The provisions of the last paragraph of Section 2.04 shall apply to any Security in global form if such Security was never issued and sold by the Company.

Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 2.01, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.02, payment of principal of, premium, if any, and interest on any Security in permanent global form shall be made to the Holder thereof.

Section 2.02. AMOUNT UNLIMITED; ISSUABLE IN SERIES

(a)    The aggregate principal amount of Securities which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be issued from time to time in one or more series.

(b)    The following matters shall be established with respect to each series of Securities issued hereunder (i) by a Board Resolution, (ii) by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution and set forth, or determined in the manner provided, in an Officers’ Certificate or (iii) in one or more indentures supplemental hereto:

(1)    the title of the Securities of the series (which title shall distinguish the Securities of the series from all other series of Securities);

(2)    any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of the series which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (which limit shall not pertain to Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of the series pursuant to Section 2.08, 2.09, 2.12, 3.06 or 9.05 or any Securities that, pursuant to Section 2.04, are deemed never to have been authenticated and delivered hereunder);

(3)    the date or dates on which the principal of and premium, if any, on the Securities of the series is payable or the method or methods of determination thereof;

(4)    the rate or rates at which the Securities of the series shall bear interest, if any, or the method or methods of calculating such rate or rates of interest, the date or dates from which such interest shall accrue or the method or methods by which such date or dates shall be determined, the Interest Payment Dates on which any such interest shall be payable, the right, if any, of the Company to defer or extend an Interest Payment Date, the record date, if any, for the interest payable on any Security on any Interest Payment Date, and the basis upon which interest shall be calculated if other than that of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months;

7

(5)    the place or places where the principal of, premium, if any, and interest, if any, on Securities of the series shall be payable, any Securities of the series may be surrendered for registration of transfer, Securities of the series may be surrendered for exchange and notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of the series and this Indenture may be served and notices to Holders pursuant to Section 11.02 will be published;

(6)    the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which, the currency or currencies (including currency unit or units) in which, and the other terms and conditions upon which, Securities of the series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company and, if other than as provided in Section 3.02, the manner in which the particular Securities of such series (if less than all Securities of such series are to be redeemed) are to be selected for redemption;

(7)    the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or purchase Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions or upon the happening of a specified event or at the option of a Holder thereof and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which, the currency or currencies (including currency unit or units) in which, and the other terms and conditions upon which, Securities of the series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;

(8)    if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof, the denominations in which Securities of the series shall be issuable;

(9)    if other than U.S. dollars, the currency or currencies (including currency unit or units) in which the principal of, premium, if any, and interest, if any, on the Securities of the series shall be payable, or in which the Securities of the series shall be denominated, and the particular provisions applicable;

(10)    if the payments of principal of, premium, if any, or interest, if any, on the Securities of the series are to be made, at the election of the Company or a Holder, in a currency or currencies (including currency unit or units) other than that in which such Securities are denominated or designated to be payable, the currency or currencies (including currency unit or units) in which such payments are to be made, the terms and conditions of such payments and the manner in which the exchange rate with respect to such payments shall be determined, and the particular provisions applicable thereto;

(11)    if the amount of payments of principal of, premium, if any, and interest, if any, on the Securities of the series shall be determined with reference to an index, formula or other method (which index, formula or method may be based, without limitation, on a currency or currencies (including currency unit or units) other than that in which the Securities of the series are denominated or designated to be payable), the index, formula or other method by which such amounts shall be determined and any special voting or defeasance provisions in connection therewith;

(12)    if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of such Securities of the series which shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration thereof pursuant to Section 6.02 or the method by which such portion shall be determined;

(13)    the Person to whom any interest on any Security of the series shall be payable;

(14)    provisions, if any, granting special rights to the Holders of Securities of the series upon the occurrence of such events as may be specified;

(15)    any deletions from, modifications of or additions to the Events of Default set forth in Section 6.01 or covenants of the Company set forth in Article 4 pertaining to the Securities of the series;

8

(16)    under what circumstances, if any, and with what procedures and documentation the Company will pay additional amounts on the Securities of that series held by a Person who is not a U.S. Person (including any definition of such term) in respect of taxes, assessments or similar charges withheld or deducted and, if so, whether the Company will have the option to redeem such Securities rather than pay such additional amounts (and the terms of any such option);

(17)    the forms of the Securities of the series;

(18)    the applicability, if any, to the Securities of the series of Sections 8.02 and 8.03, or such other means of defeasance or covenant defeasance as may be specified for the Securities of such series;

(19)    if other than the Trustee, the identity of the Registrar and any Paying Agent;

(20)    if the Securities of the series shall be issued in whole or in part in global form, (A) the Depositary for such Global Securities, (B) whether beneficial owners of interests in any Securities of the series in global form may exchange such interests for certificated Securities of such series, to be registered in the names of or to be held by such beneficial owners or their nominees and to be of like tenor of any authorized form and denomination, and (C) if other than as provided in Section 2.08, the circumstances under which any such exchange may occur;

(21)    the designation of the Depositary;

(22)    any restrictions on the registration, transfer or exchange of the Securities;

(23)    if the Securities of the series may be issued or delivered (whether upon original issuance or upon exchange of a temporary Security of such series or otherwise), or any installment of principal or interest is payable, only upon receipt of certain certificates or other documents or satisfaction of other conditions in addition to those specified in this Indenture, the form and terms of such certificates, documents or conditions;

(24)    the terms and conditions of any right to convert or exchange Securities of the series into or for other securities or property of the Company;

(25)    whether the Securities are secured or unsecured, and if secured, the security and related terms in connection therewith;

(26)    The relative degree, if any, to which the Securities of the series shall be senior to or be subordinated to other series of Securities in right of payment, whether such other series of Securities are outstanding or not;

(27)    any modification of the subordination provisions of this Indenture (including applicable definitions)that are to apply to Securities of the series; and

(28)    any other terms of the series, including any terms which may be required by or advisable under United States laws or regulations or advisable (as determined by the Company) in connection with the marketing of Securities of the series.

(c)    All Securities of any one series shall be substantially identical except as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided (i) by a Board Resolution, (ii) by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution and set forth, or determined in the manner provided, in the related Officers’ Certificate or (iii) in an indenture supplemental hereto. All Securities of any one series need not be issued at the same time and, unless otherwise provided, a series may be reopened, without the consent of the Holders, for issuances of additional Securities of such series.

(d)    If any of the terms of the Securities of any series are established by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution, a copy of such Board Resolution shall be delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the

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Officers’ Certificate setting forth, or providing the manner for determining, the terms of the Securities of such series, and an appropriate record of any action taken pursuant thereto in connection with the issuance of any Securities of such series shall be delivered to the Trustee prior to the authentication and delivery thereof.

Section 2.03. DENOMINATIONS.

Unless otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 2.02, Securities of a series denominated in U.S. dollars shall be issuable in denominations of U.S. $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof. Securities denominated in a foreign currency shall be issuable in such denominations as are established with respect to such Securities in or pursuant to this Indenture.

Section 2.04. EXECUTION AND AUTHENTICATION.

An Officer shall sign the Securities for the Company by manual or facsimile signature.

If an Officer whose signature is on a Security no longer holds that office at the time a Security is authenticated, the Security shall nevertheless be valid.

A Security shall not be valid until authenticated by the manual signature of the Trustee. The signature shall be conclusive evidence that the Security has been authenticated under this Indenture.

The Trustee shall, upon a written order of the Company signed by an Officer (an “Authentication Order”), together with an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, authenticate Securities for original issue in the aggregate principal amount stated in the Authentication Order. The Officers’ Certificate and Opinion of Counsel shall each state that all conditions precedent provided for or relating to the issuance of such Securities have been complied with.

The Trustee may appoint an authenticating agent acceptable to the Company to authenticate Securities. An authenticating agent may authenticate Securities whenever the Trustee may do so. Each reference in this Indenture to authentication by the Trustee includes authentication by such agent. An authenticating agent has the same rights as an Agent to deal with Holders or an Affiliate of the Company.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any Security shall have been authenticated and delivered hereunder but never issued and sold by the Company, and the Company shall deliver such Security to the Trustee for cancellation as provided in Section 2.13 together with a written statement stating that such Security has never been issued and sold by the Company, for all purposes of this Indenture such Security shall be deemed never to have been authenticated and delivered hereunder and shall not be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture.

Section 2.05. REGISTRAR AND PAYING AGENT; APPOINTMENT OF DEPOSITARY.

The Company shall maintain an office or agency where Securities may be presented for registration of transfer or for exchange (“Registrar”) and an office or agency where Securities may be presented for payment (“Paying Agent”). The Registrar shall keep a register of the Securities and of their transfer and exchange. The Company may appoint one or more co-registrars and one or more additional paying agents. The term “Registrar” includes any co-registrar and the term “Paying Agent” includes any additional paying agent. The Company may change any Paying Agent or Registrar without notice to any Holder. The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee in writing of the name and address of any Agent not a party to this Indenture. If the Company fails to appoint or maintain another entity as Registrar or Paying Agent, the Trustee shall act as such. The Company or any of its Subsidiaries may act as Paying Agent or Registrar.

The Company initially appoints The Depository Trust Company to act as Depositary with respect to the Global Securities.

The Company initially appoints the Trustee to act as the Registrar and Paying Agent with respect to the Securities and to act as Custodian with respect to the Global Securities.

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Section 2.06. PAYING AGENT TO HOLD MONEY IN TRUST.

The Company shall require each Paying Agent other than the Trustee to agree in writing that the Paying Agent will hold in trust for the benefit of Holders or the Trustee all money held by the Paying Agent for the payment of principal, premium or interest on the Securities or other payment in respect of the Securities or otherwise held by it as Paying Agent, and will notify the Trustee of any default by the Company in making any such payment when due. While any such default continues, the Trustee may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. The Company at any time may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. Upon payment over to the Trustee, the Paying Agent (if other than the Company or a Subsidiary) shall have no further liability for the money. If the Company or a Subsidiary acts as Paying Agent, it shall segregate and hold in a separate trust fund for the benefit of the Holders all money held by it as Paying Agent. Upon any bankruptcy or reorganization proceedings relating to the Company, the Trustee shall serve as Paying Agent for the Securities.

Section 2.07. HOLDER LISTS.

The Trustee shall preserve in as current a form as is reasonably practicable the most recent list available to it of the names and addresses of all Holders and shall otherwise comply with TIA §312. If the Trustee is not the Registrar, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee at least seven Business Days before each Interest Payment Date and at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing, a list in such form and as of such date as the Trustee may reasonably require of the names and addresses of the Holders of Securities, and the Company shall otherwise comply with TIA §312.

Section 2.08. TRANSFER AND EXCHANGE.

(a)    Upon surrender for registration of transfer of any certificated Security of any series at the office or agency maintained pursuant to Section 4.02 in a place of payment for that series, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in the name of the designated transferee or transferees, one or more new certificated Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations and of a same aggregate principal amount and like tenor and containing identical terms and provisions.

(b)    At the option of the Holder, Securities of any series (except a Security in global form) may be exchanged for other Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations, of a same aggregate principal amount and like tenor and containing identical terms and provisions, upon surrender of the Securities to be exchanged at such office or agency. Whenever any Securities are so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, the Securities which the Holder making the exchange is entitled to receive.

(c)    Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section, unless and until it is exchanged in whole or in part for Securities in certificated form, a Security in global form representing all or a portion of the Securities of a series may not be transferred except as a whole by the Depositary for such series to a nominee of such Depositary or by a nominee of such Depositary to such Depositary or another nominee of such Depositary or by such Depositary or any such nominee to a successor Depositary for such series or a nominee of such successor Depositary.

(d)    If at any time the Depositary for the Securities of a series notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for the Securities of such series or if at any time the Depositary for the Securities of such series shall no longer be registered and in good standing as a clearing agency under the Exchange Act, the Company shall appoint a successor Depositary with respect to the Securities of such series. If a successor Depositary for the Securities of such series is not appointed by the Company prior to the resignation of the Depositary and, in any event, within 90 days after the Company receives such notice or becomes aware of such ineligibility, the Company’s designation of the Depositary pursuant to Section 2.02(b)(21) shall no longer be effective with respect to the Securities of such series and the Company shall execute, and the Trustee, upon receipt of an Authentication Order for the authentication and delivery of certificated Securities of such series of like tenor, shall authenticate and deliver, Securities of such series of like tenor in certificated form, in authorized denominations and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Security or Securities of such series of like tenor in global form in exchange for such Security or Securities in global form.

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(e)    The Company may at any time in its sole discretion determine that all (but not less than all) Securities of a series issued in global form shall no longer be represented by such a Security or Securities in global form. In such event the Company shall execute, and the Trustee, upon receipt of an Authentication Order for the authentication and delivery of certificated Securities of such series of like tenor, shall authenticate and deliver, Securities of such series of like tenor in certificated form, in authorized denominations and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Security or Securities of such series of like tenor in global form in exchange for such Security or Securities in global form.

(f)    If specified by the Company pursuant to Section 2.02 or this Section 2.08 with respect to a series of Securities, the Depositary for such series may surrender a Security in global form of such series in exchange in whole or in part for Securities of such series in certificated form on such terms as are acceptable to the Company and the Depositary. Thereupon, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, without service charge,

(i) to each Person specified by the Depositary a new certificated Security or Securities of the same series of like tenor, of any authorized denomination as requested by such Person in aggregate principal amount equal to and in exchange for such Person’s beneficial interest in the Security in global form; and

(ii) to the Depositary a new Security in global form of like tenor in a denomination equal to the difference, if any, between the principal amount of the surrendered Security in global form and the aggregate principal amount of certificated Securities delivered to Holders thereof.

(g)    Upon the exchange of a Security in global form for Securities in certificated form, such Security in global form shall be canceled by the Trustee. Securities in certificated form issued in exchange for a Security in global form pursuant to this Section shall be registered in such names and in such authorized denominations as the Depositary for such Security in global form, pursuant to instructions from its direct or Indirect Participants or otherwise, shall instruct the Trustee in writing. The Trustee shall deliver such Securities to the Persons in whose names such Securities are so registered.

(h)    Whenever any Securities are surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, the Securities which the Holder making the exchange is entitled to receive.

(i)    All Securities issued upon any registration of transfer or upon any exchange of Securities shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing the same debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Securities surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange.

(j)    Every Security presented or surrendered for registration of transfer or for exchange shall (if so required by the Company, the Registrar or the Trustee) be duly endorsed, or be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company, the Registrar and the Trustee duly executed by the Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing.

(k)    No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or for any exchange of Securities, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any registration or transfer or exchange of Securities, other than exchanges pursuant to Section 2.12 or 3.06 not involving any transfer.

(l)    The Company shall not be required (i) to issue, register the transfer of, or exchange any Securities for a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before any selection for redemption of Securities of like tenor and of the series of which such Security is a part and ending at the close of business on the earliest date on which the relevant notice of redemption is deemed to have been given to all Holders of Securities of like tenor and of such series to be redeemed; or (ii) to register the transfer of or exchange any Security so selected for redemption, in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any Security being redeemed in part.

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(m)    The foregoing provisions relating to registration, transfer and exchange may be modified, supplemented or superseded with respect to any series of Securities by a Board Resolution or in one or more indentures supplemental hereto.

(n)    At such time as all beneficial interests in a particular Global Security have been exchanged for certificated Securities or a particular Global Security has been redeemed, repurchased or canceled in whole and not in part, each such Global Security shall be returned to or retained and canceled by the Trustee in accordance with Section 2.13 hereof. At any time prior to such cancellation, if any beneficial interest in a Global Security is exchanged for or transferred to a Person who will take delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in another Global Security or for certificated Securities, the principal amount of Securities represented by such Global Security shall be reduced accordingly and an endorsement shall be made on such Global Security by the Trustee or by the Depositary at the direction of the Trustee to reflect such reduction; and if the beneficial interest is being exchanged for or transferred to a Person who will take delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in another Global Security, such other Global Security shall be increased accordingly and an endorsement shall be made on such Global Security by the Trustee or by the Depositary at the direction of the Trustee to reflect such increase.

(o)    Prior to due presentment for the registration of a transfer of any Security, the Trustee, any Agent and the Company may deem and treat the Person in whose name any Security is registered as the absolute owner of such Security for the purpose of receiving payment of principal of and interest on such Securities and for all other purposes, and neither the Trustee, any Agent nor the Company shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

Section 2.09. REPLACEMENT SECURITIES.

If any mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee or the Company and the Trustee receives evidence to its satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security, the Company shall issue and the Trustee, upon receipt of an Authentication Order, shall authenticate a replacement Security if the Trustee’s requirements are met. If required by the Trustee or the Company, an indemnity bond must be supplied by the Holder that is sufficient in the judgment of the Trustee and the Company to protect the Company, the Trustee, any Agent and any authenticating agent from any loss that any of them may suffer if a Security is replaced. The Company may charge for its expenses in replacing a Security.

Every replacement Security is an additional obligation of the Company and shall be entitled to all of the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with all other Securities duly issued hereunder.

Section 2.10. OUTSTANDING SECURITIES.

The Securities outstanding at any time are all the Securities authenticated by the Trustee except for those canceled by it, those delivered to it for cancellation, those reductions in the interest in a Global Security effected by the Trustee in accordance with the provisions hereof, and those described in this Section as not outstanding. Except as set forth in Section 2.11 hereof, a Security does not cease to be outstanding because the Company or an Affiliate of the Company holds the Security.

If a Security is replaced pursuant to Section 2.09 hereof, it ceases to be outstanding unless the Trustee receives proof satisfactory to it that the replaced Security is held by a “protected purchaser” (within the meaning of Article 8 of the Uniform Commercial Code) or a Person with comparable status under other applicable law.

If the principal amount of any Security is considered paid under Section 4.01 hereof, it ceases to be outstanding and interest on it ceases to accrue.

If the Paying Agent (other than the Company, a Subsidiary of the Company or an Affiliate of any thereof) holds, on a redemption date or maturity date, money sufficient to pay Securities payable on that date, then on and after that date such Securities shall be deemed to be no longer outstanding and shall cease to accrue interest.

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Section 2.11. TREASURY SECURITIES.

In determining whether the Holders of the required principal amount of Securities have concurred in any direction, waiver or consent, Securities owned by the Company, or by any Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with the Company, shall be considered as though not outstanding, except that for the purposes of determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such direction, waiver or consent, only Securities that the Trustee knows are so owned shall be so disregarded.

Section 2.12. TEMPORARY SECURITIES.

Until certificates representing Securities are ready for delivery, the Company may prepare and the Trustee, upon receipt of an Authentication Order, shall authenticate temporary Securities. Temporary Securities shall be substantially in the form of definitive Securities but may have variations that the Company considers appropriate for temporary Securities and as shall be reasonably acceptable to the Trustee. Without unreasonable delay, the Company shall prepare and the Trustee shall authenticate definitive Securities in exchange for temporary Securities.

Holders of temporary Securities shall be entitled to all of the benefits of this Indenture.

Section 2.13. PURCHASE AND CANCELLATION.

The Company at any time may deliver Securities to the Trustee for cancellation. The Registrar and Paying Agent shall forward to the Trustee any Securities surrendered to them for registration of transfer, exchange or payment. The Trustee and no one else shall cancel all Securities surrendered for registration of transfer, exchange, payment, replacement or cancellation and shall destroy canceled Securities (subject to the record retention requirement of the Exchange Act). Certification of the destruction of all canceled Securities shall be delivered to the Company. The Company may not issue new Securities to replace Securities that it has paid or that have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation.

The Company may, to the extent permitted by law, and directly or indirectly (regardless of whether such Securities are surrendered to the Company), repurchase Securities in the open market or otherwise, without giving prior notice to Holders, whether by the Company or the Company’s Subsidiaries or through a private or public tender or exchange offer or through counterparties to private agreements, including by cash-settled swaps or other derivatives. The Company may cause any Securities so repurchased (other than Securities repurchased pursuant to cash-settled swaps or other derivatives) to be surrendered to the Trustee for cancellation in accordance with this Section 2.13 and any such Securities shall no longer be considered outstanding under this Indenture upon such repurchase.

Section 2.14. DEFAULTED INTEREST.

If the Company defaults in a payment of interest on the Securities, it shall pay the defaulted interest in any lawful manner plus, to the extent lawful, interest payable on the defaulted interest, to the Persons who are Holders on a subsequent special record date, in each case at the rate provided in the Securities. The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of defaulted interest proposed to be paid on each Security and the date of the proposed payment. The Company shall fix or cause to be fixed each such special record date and payment date, provided that no such special record date shall be less than 10 days prior to the related payment date for such defaulted interest. At least 15 days before the special record date, the Company (or, upon the written request of the Company, the Trustee in the name and at the expense of the Company) shall mail or cause to be mailed to Holders a notice that states the special record date, the related payment date and the amount of such interest to be paid. Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section, each Security delivered under this Indenture upon registration of transfer of or in exchange for or in lieu of any other Security shall carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such other Security.

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Section 2.15. BOOK-ENTRY PROVISIONS FOR GLOBAL SECURITIES.

(a)    Except as otherwise specified in any Security of any series or supplemental indenture with respect to such Securities, the Securities of each series issued hereunder shall initially be issued in the form of one or more Global Securities without interest coupons (i) registered in the name of Cede & Co., as nominee of the Depositary and (ii) delivered to the Trustees as custodian for the Depositary.

Members of, or participants in, the Depositary (“Agent Members”) shall have no rights under this Indenture with respect to any Global Security held on their behalf by the Depositary, or the Trustee as its custodian, or under the Global Security, and Cede & Co., or such other Person designated by the Depositary as its nominee, may be treated by the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee as the absolute owner of the Global Security for all purposes whatsoever. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing herein shall prevent the Company, the Trustee or any agent of the Company or the Trustee from giving effect to any written certification, proxy or other authorization furnished by the Depositary or impair, as between the Depositary and its Agent Members, the operation of customary practices governing the exercise of the rights of any Holder.

(b)    The Holder of Global Securities may grant proxies and otherwise authorize any Person, including Agent Members and Persons that may hold interests through Agent Members, to take any action that a Holder is entitled to take under this Indenture or the Securities.

(c)    A legend in substantially the following form shall appear on the face of all Global Securities:

THIS SECURITY IS A GLOBAL SECURITY WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE INDENTURE HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AND IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF A DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE OF A DEPOSITARY. THIS SECURITY IS EXCHANGEABLE FOR SECURITIES REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF A PERSON OTHER THAN THE DEPOSITARY OR ITS NOMINEE ONLY IN THE LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES DESCRIBED IN THE INDENTURE, AND NO TRANSFER OF THIS SECURITY (OTHER THAN A TRANSFER OF THIS SECURITY AS A WHOLE BY THE DEPOSITARY TO A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY OR BY A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY TO THE DEPOSITARY OR ANOTHER NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY) MAY BE REGISTERED EXCEPT IN LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES.

UNLESS THIS SECURITY IS PRESENTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY, A NEW YORK CORPORATION (“DTC”), TO THE COMPANY OR ITS AGENT FOR REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER, EXCHANGE OR PAYMENT, AND ANY SECURITY ISSUED IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF CEDE & CO. OR IN SUCH OTHER NAME AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC (AND ANY PAYMENT HEREON IS MADE TO CEDE & CO. OR TO SUCH OTHER ENTITY AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC), ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR OTHER USE HEREOF FOR VALUE OR OTHERWISE BY OR TO ANY PERSON IS WRONGFUL INASMUCH AS THE REGISTERED OWNER HEREOF, CEDE & CO., HAS AN INTEREST HEREIN.

ARTICLE 3.

REDEMPTION AND PREPAYMENT

Section 3.01. APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE.

The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to the Securities of any series which are redeemable before their maturity or to any sinking fund for the retirement of Securities of a series except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.02 for Securities of such series or in any supplemental indenture with respect to such Securities.

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Section 3.02. SELECTION OF SECURITIES TO BE REDEEMED.

If less than all of the Securities of any series are to be redeemed at any time, the Trustee shall select the Securities of such series to be redeemed among the Holders of the Securities of such series in compliance with the requirements of the principal national securities exchange, if any, on which the Securities of such series are listed or, if the Securities of such series are not so listed, to be redeemed among the Holders of Securities of such series on a pro rata basis, by lot or by such method as the Trustee deems fair and appropriate; provided that no Securities of $1,000 or less shall be redeemed in part. In the event of partial redemption by lot, the particular Securities of such series to be redeemed shall be selected, unless otherwise provided herein or otherwise agreed by the Company and the Trustee, by the Trustee from the outstanding Securities of the series not previously called for redemption.

The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company in writing of the Securities selected for redemption and, in the case of any Security selected for partial redemption, the principal amount thereof to be redeemed. Securities and portions of Securities selected shall be in amounts of $1,000 or whole multiples of $1,000; except that if all of the Securities of a series of a Holder are to be redeemed, the entire outstanding amount of Securities of such series held by such Holder, even if not a multiple of $1,000, shall be redeemed. A new Security of the same series in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion thereof will be issued in the name of the Holder thereof upon cancellation of the original Security. Securities called for redemption shall become due on the redemption date. On and after the redemption date, interest will cease to accrue on the Securities or portions of them called for redemption. Except as provided in this Section 3.02, provisions of this Indenture that apply to Securities called for redemption shall also apply to portions of Securities called for redemption.

Section 3.03. NOTICE OF REDEMPTION.

At least 30 days but not more than 60 days before a redemption date, the Company shall mail or cause to be mailed, by first class mail, a notice of redemption to each Holder whose Securities are to be redeemed at its registered address.

The notice shall identify the Securities to be redeemed, including the series thereof, and shall state:

(a)    the redemption date;

(b)    the redemption price;

(c)    the name and address of the Paying Agent;

(d)    that Securities called for redemption must be surrendered to the Paying Agent to collect the redemption price;

(e)    that, unless the Company defaults in making such redemption payment, interest on Securities called for redemption will cease to accrue on and after the redemption date;

(f)    that any Security being redeemed in part, the portion of the principal amount of such Security to be redeemed and that, after the redemption date upon surrender of such Security, a new Security or Securities of the same series in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion shall be issued upon cancellation of the original;

(g)    the paragraph of the Securities and/or Section of this Indenture or any supplemental indenture with respect to such Securities pursuant to which the Securities called for redemption are being redeemed; and

(h)    that no representation is made as to the correctness or accuracy of the CUSIP number, if any, listed in such notice or printed on the Securities.

At the Company’s request, the Trustee shall give the notice of redemption in the Company’s name and at the Company’s expense; provided, however, that the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee, at least 30 days prior to the redemption date, an Officers’ Certificate requesting that the Trustee give such notice and setting forth the information to be stated in such notice as provided in the preceding paragraph.

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Section 3.04. EFFECT OF NOTICE OF REDEMPTION.

Once notice of redemption is mailed in accordance with Section 3.03 hereof, Securities called for redemption become irrevocably due and payable on the redemption date at the redemption price. A notice of redemption may not be conditional.

Section 3.05. DEPOSIT OF REDEMPTION OR PURCHASE PRICE.

Not later than 10:00 a.m., Eastern Time, on the Business Day immediately preceding any redemption date, the Company shall deposit with the Trustee or with the Paying Agent money in immediately available funds sufficient to pay the redemption or purchase price of and accrued interest, if any, on all Securities to be redeemed or purchased on that date. The Trustee or the Paying Agent shall promptly return to the Company any money deposited with the Trustee or the Paying Agent by the Company in excess of the amounts necessary to pay the redemption or purchase price of, and accrued interest on, all Securities to be redeemed or purchased.

Section 3.06. SECURITIES REDEEMED OR PURCHASED IN PART.

Upon surrender of a Security that is redeemed or purchased in part, the Company shall issue and, upon the Company’s written request, the Trustee shall authenticate for the Holder at the expense of the Company a new Security of the same series equal in principal amount to the unredeemed or unpurchased portion of the Security surrendered.

Section 3.07. MANDATORY REDEMPTION; SINKING FUND.

The Company shall not be required to make mandatory redemption or sinking fund payments with respect to the Securities, unless otherwise specified in the terms of a particular series of Securities or any supplemental indenture with respect to such Securities.

ARTICLE 4.

COVENANTS

Section 4.01. PAYMENT OF SECURITIES.

The Company shall pay or cause to be paid the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the Securities on the dates and in the manner provided in the Securities. Principal, premium, if any, and interest shall be considered paid on the date due if the Paying Agent, if other than the Company or a Subsidiary thereof, holds as of 10:00 a.m., Eastern Time, on the due date money deposited by the Company in immediately available funds and designated for and sufficient to pay all principal, premium, if any, and interest then due.

Section 4.02. MAINTENANCE OF OFFICE OR AGENCY.

The Company shall maintain in the Borough of Manhattan, the City of New York, an office or agency (which may be an office of the Trustee or an affiliate of the Trustee, Registrar or co-Registrar) where Securities may be surrendered for registration of transfer or for exchange and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities and this Indenture may be served. The Company shall give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the location, and any change in the location, of such office or agency. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be made or served at the Trustee’s principal agency in the Borough of Manhattan, the City of New York, which currently is located at .

The Company may also from time to time designate one or more other offices or agencies where the Securities may be presented or surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time to time rescind such

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designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain an office or agency in the Borough of Manhattan, the City of New York for such purposes. The Company shall give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation or rescission and of any change in the location of any such other office or agency.

Section 4.03. REPORTS.

(a)    The Company covenants and agrees to file with the Trustee, within 15 days after the Company is or would be required to file the same with the SEC, copies of the annual reports, quarterly reports and the information, documents and other reports which the Company is required to file with the SEC pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.

(b)    The Company covenants and agrees to file with the Trustee and the SEC, in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the SEC, such additional information, documents and reports with respect to compliance by the Company with the conditions and covenants provided for in this Indenture as may be required from time to time by such rules and regulations.

(c)    The Company covenants and agrees to furnish to the Trustee within 120 days of the end of each fiscal year, the compliance certificate required by Section 314(a)(4) of the Trust Indenture Act.

(d)    Delivery of such reports, information and documents to the Trustee is for informational purposes only and the Trustee’s receipt of such shall not constitute constructive notice of any information contained therein or determinable from information contained therein, including the Company’s compliance with any of its covenants hereunder (as to which the Trustee is entitled to rely exclusively on Officers’ Certificates). Any such document or report that the Company files with the SEC via the EDGAR system shall be deemed to be filed with the Trustee for purposes of this Section 4.03 as of the time such documents are filed via the EDGAR system.

Section 4.04. COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE.

(a)    The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within 90 days after the end of each fiscal year, an Officers’ Certificate stating that a review of the activities of the Company and its Subsidiaries during the preceding fiscal year has been made under the supervision of the signing Officers with a view to determining whether the Company has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled its obligations under this Indenture, and further stating, as to each such Officer signing such certificate, that to the best of his or her knowledge the Company has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled each and every covenant contained in this Indenture and is not in default in the performance or observance of any of the terms, provisions and conditions of this Indenture (or, if a Default, Event of Default or other instance of non-compliance with any of the terms of this Indenture shall have occurred, describing all such Defaults, Events of Default or instances of non-compliance of which he or she may have knowledge.

(b)    The Company shall, so long as any of the Securities are outstanding, deliver to the Trustee, forthwith upon any Officer of the Company becoming aware of any Default or Event of Default, an Officers’ Certificate specifying such Default or Event of Default and what action the Company is taking or proposes to take with respect thereto.

Section 4.05. CONTINUED EXISTENCE.

Subject to Article 5 hereof, the Company shall do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect (i) its existence as a business trust, and the corporate, partnership or other existence of each of its Significant Subsidiaries, in accordance with the respective organizational documents (as the same may be amended from time to time) of the Company or any such Significant Subsidiary and (ii) the rights (charter and statutory), licenses and franchises of the Company and any of its Significant Subsidiaries; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to preserve any such right, license or franchise, or the corporate, partnership or other existence of any of its Significant Subsidiaries, if the Board of Trustees shall determine that the preservation thereof is no longer desirable in the conduct of the business of the Company and its Significant Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, and that the loss thereof is not adverse in any material respect to the Holders of the Securities.

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Section 4.06. STAY, EXTENSION AND USURY LAWS.

The Company covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it shall not at any time insist upon, plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay, extension or usury law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, that may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture; and the Company (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law, and covenants that it shall not, by resort to any such law, hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but shall suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law has been enacted.

Section 4.07. NO SENIOR SUBORDINATED DEBT.

Notwithstanding any other provision hereof, the Company shall not incur, create, issue, assume, guarantee or otherwise become liable directly or indirectly for any Indebtedness that is contractually subordinate or junior in right of payment to any Senior Debt of the Company and senior in any respect in right of payment to the Securities. Indebtedness is not “contractually subordinate or junior” to other Indebtedness for purposes of this covenant solely because the other Indebtedness is secured.

ARTICLE 5.

SUCCESSORS

Section 5.01. MERGER, CONSOLIDATION, OR SALE OF ASSETS.

The Company may consolidate or merge with or into, convert itself into, or sell, assign, transfer, lease, convey or otherwise dispose of (including any such disposition that might be deemed to occur as a result of the conversion of the Company into another form of organization) all or substantially all of its properties or assets in one or more related transactions, to another Person (other than an individual, a government or an agency or political subdivision of a government), but only if (a) either (i) the Company is the surviving entity or (ii) the Person formed by or surviving any such consolidation, merger or conversion (if other than the Company) or to which such sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition shall have been made is a Person organized or existing under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia; (b) the Person formed by or surviving any such consolidation, merger or conversion (if other than the Company) or the Person to which such sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition shall have been made assumes all the obligations of the Company under the Securities and this Indenture pursuant to a supplemental indenture in a form reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee; and (c) immediately after such transaction no Default or Event of Default exists. If the Company requests the Trustee to enter into any supplemental indenture, or to take any other action, as a result of such consolidation, merger, sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition, the Company will also furnish to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each to the effect that the conditions precedent set forth in this Section 5.01 have been complied with.

Section 5.02. SUCCESSOR PERSON SUBSTITUTED.

Upon any consolidation, merger or conversion, or any sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company in accordance with Section 5.01 hereof, the successor Person formed by such consolidation or into or with which the Company is merged or converted or to which such sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for (so that from and after the date of such consolidation, merger, conversion, sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition, the provisions of this Indenture referring to the “Company” shall refer instead to the successor Person and not to the Company), and may exercise every right and power of the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor Person had been named as the Company herein; provided, however, that the predecessor Company shall not be relieved from the obligation to pay the principal of and interest on the Securities except in the case of a sale of all of the Company’s assets that meets the requirements of Section 5.01 hereof.

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ARTICLE 6.

DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES

Section 6.01. EVENTS OF DEFAULT.

An “Event of Default,” with respect to Securities of any series shall have occurred if:

(a)    the Company defaults in the payment when due of interest on, with respect to, any Security of that series and such default continues for a period of 30 days;

(b)    the Company defaults in the payment when due of principal of or premium, if any, on, or sinking fund payment with respect to, any Security of that series when the same becomes due and payable at maturity, upon redemption or otherwise;

(c)    the Company fails to observe or perform any other covenant, representation, warranty or other agreement in this Indenture, with respect to any Security of that series for 60 days after notice to comply;

(d)    the Company, pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law:

(i)    commences a voluntary case;

(ii)    consents to the entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case;

(iii)    consents to the appointment of a custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its property;

(iv)    makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors; or

(v)    generally is not paying its debts as they become due;

(e)    a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any Bankruptcy Law that:

(i)    is for relief against the Company in an involuntary case;

(ii)    appoints a custodian of the Company for all or substantially all of the property of the Company; or

(iii)    orders the liquidation of the Company;

and the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 60 consecutive days; or

(f)    any other event provided with respect to Securities of that series in the terms thereof as contemplated by Section 2.02 hereof shall occur.

The term “custodian” as used in this Article 6 means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.

A Default under clause (c) with respect to the Securities of any series is not an Event of Default until the Trustee notifies the Company, or the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of all series affected by the Default (treating all such series as a single class) notify the Company and the Trustee, of the Default and the Company does not cure the Default within 60 days after receipt of the notice. The notice must specify the Default, demand that it be remedied and state that the notice is a “Notice of Default.”

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Section 6.02. ACCELERATION.

If any Event of Default with respect to one or more series of Securities (other than an Event of Default specified in clause (d) or (e) of Section 6.01 hereof) occurs and is continuing, the Trustee or the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of all series with respect to which an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing (treating all such series as a single class) may declare all the Securities of all such series to be due and payable immediately. Upon any such declaration, the principal of, premium, if any, and accrued and unpaid interest with respect to the Securities of all such series shall become due and payable immediately. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if an Event of Default specified in clause (d) or (e) of Section 6.01 hereof occurs with respect to the Company, all outstanding Securities of all series shall be due and payable immediately without further action or notice, provided that the payment of principal and interest on such Securities shall remain subordinated to the extent provided in Article 10.

Section 6.03. OTHER REMEDIES.

If an Event of Default occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may pursue any available remedy to collect the payment of principal, premium, if any, and interest on the Securities or to enforce the performance of any provision of the Securities or this Indenture.

The Trustee may maintain a proceeding even if it does not possess any of the Securities or does not produce any of them in the proceeding. A delay or omission by the Trustee or any Holder of a Security in exercising any right or remedy accruing upon an Event of Default shall not impair the right or remedy or constitute a waiver of or acquiescence in the Event of Default. All remedies are cumulative to the extent permitted by law.

Section 6.04. WAIVER OF PAST DEFAULTS; RESCISSION OF ACCELERATION.

Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of all series affected (treating all such series as a single class) may, by notice to the Trustee, on behalf of the Holders of all of the Securities of all such series, waive an existing Default or Event of Default and its consequences hereunder (including in connection with an offer to purchase or exchange), except a continuing Default or Event of Default in the payment of the principal of, premium, if any, interest on, or any sinking fund payment with respect to, the Securities of such series, and except a continuing Default or Event of Default under any provision of this Indenture that, under Section 9.02, cannot be modified or waived without the consent of a greater number of Holders or of each Holder affected. Upon any such waiver, such Default or Event of Default shall be deemed to have been cured for every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other Default or Event of Default or impair any right consequent thereon. The Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of all series affected (treating all such series as a single class) may also rescind an acceleration and its consequences with respect to such series, including any related payment default that resulted from such acceleration, but not including any other payment default.

Section 6.05. CONTROL BY MAJORITY.

Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of all series with respect to which an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing (treating all such series as a single class) may direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for exercising any remedy available to the Trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on it; provided that

(i)    such direction shall not be in conflict with any law or with this Indenture;

(ii)    the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction; and

(iii)    the Trustee need not take any action which might involve it in personal liability or be unduly prejudicial to the Holders of Securities of such series not joining therein.

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Section 6.06. LIMITATION ON SUITS.

A Holder of a Security of any series may pursue a remedy with respect to this Indenture or the Securities of such series only if:

(a)    the Holder of a Security of any or all series affected gives to the Trustee written notice of a continuing Event of Default;

(b)    the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of all affected series (treating all such series as a single class) make a written request to the Trustee to pursue the remedy;

(c)    such Holder or Holders offer and, if requested, provide to the Trustee indemnity satisfactory to the Trustee against any loss, liability or expense;

(d)    the Trustee does not comply with the request within 60 days after receipt of the request and the offer and, if requested, the provision of indemnity; and

(e)    during such 60-day period the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of all such series (treating all such series as a single class) do not give the Trustee a direction inconsistent with the request.

A Holder of a Security may not use this Indenture to prejudice the rights of another Holder of a Security or to obtain a preference or priority over another Holder of a Security.

Section 6.07. RIGHTS OF HOLDERS OF SECURITIES TO RECEIVE PAYMENT.

Notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture, the right of any Holder of a Security of any series to receive payment of principal, premium, if any, and interest on such Security, on or after the respective due dates expressed in such Security (including in connection with an offer to purchase), or to bring suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after such respective dates, shall not be impaired or affected without the consent of such Holder.

Section 6.08. COLLECTION SUIT BY TRUSTEE.

If an Event of Default specified in Section 6.01(a) or (b) occurs and is continuing with respect to any series of Securities, the Trustee is authorized to recover judgment in its own name and as Trustee of an express trust against the Company for the whole amount of principal of, premium, if any, and interest remaining unpaid on such Securities and interest on overdue principal and, to the extent lawful, interest and such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel.

Section 6.09. TRUSTEE MAY FILE PROOFS OF CLAIM.

The Trustee is authorized to file such proofs of claim and other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel) and the Holders of the Securities of any series allowed in any judicial proceedings relative to the Company (or any other obligor upon the Securities), its creditors or its property and shall be entitled and empowered to collect, receive and distribute any money or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and any custodian in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder to make such payments to the Trustee, and in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due to it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.07 hereof. To the extent that the payment of any such compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.07 hereof out of the estate in any such proceeding, shall be denied for any reason, payment of the same

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shall be secured by a lien on, and shall be paid out of, any and all distributions, dividends, money, securities and other properties that the Holders may be entitled to receive in such proceeding whether in liquidation or under any plan of reorganization or arrangement or otherwise. Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities of any series or the rights of any Holder, or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding.

Section 6.10. PRIORITIES.

If the Trustee collects any money or other property pursuant to this Article, it shall pay out the money or other property in the following order:

First: to the Trustee, its agents and attorneys for amounts due under Section 7.07 hereof, including payment of all compensation, expense and liabilities incurred, and all advances made, by the Trustee and the costs and expenses of collection;

Second: to Holders of Securities for amounts due and unpaid on the Securities for principal, premium, if any, interest and any other amounts, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on the Securities for principal, premium, if any, interest and other amounts, respectively; and

Third: to the Company or to such party as a court of competent jurisdiction shall direct.

The Trustee may fix a record date and payment date for any payment to Holders of Securities pursuant to this Section 6.10.

Section 6.11. UNDERTAKING FOR COSTS.

In any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken or omitted by it as a Trustee, a court in its discretion may require the filing by any party litigant in the suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of the suit, and the court in its discretion may assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, against any party litigant in the suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by the party litigant. This Section does not apply to a suit by the Trustee, a suit by a Holder of a Security pursuant to Section 6.07 hereof, or a suit by Holders of more than 10% in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of any series.

ARTICLE 7.

TRUSTEE

Section 7.01. DUTIES OF TRUSTEE.

(a)    If an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture or an indenture supplemental hereto, and use the same degree of care and skill in its exercise, as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of its own affairs.

(b)    Except during the continuance of an Event of Default:

(i)    the duties of the Trustee shall be determined solely by the express provisions of this Indenture or an indenture supplemental hereto, and the Trustee need perform only those duties that are specifically set forth in this Indenture or an indenture supplemental hereto and no others, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture or an indenture supplemental hereto against the Trustee; and

(ii)    in the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture. However, the Trustee shall examine the certificates and opinions to determine whether or not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture.

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(c)    The Trustee may not be relieved from liabilities for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act, or its own willful misconduct, except that:

(i)    this paragraph does not limit the effect of paragraph (b) of this Section;

(ii)    the Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer, unless it is proven that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts; and

(iii)    the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in accordance with a direction received by it pursuant to Section 6.05 hereof.

(d) Whether or not therein expressly so provided, every provision of this Indenture that in any way relates to the Trustee is subject to paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) of this Section.

(e) No provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or incur any liability. The Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or direction of any of the Holders unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee security and indemnity satisfactory to it against any losses, costs, expenses and liabilities that might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction.

(f) The Trustee shall not be liable for interest on any money received by it except as the Trustee may agree in writing with the Company. Money held in trust by the Trustee need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.

Section 7.02. RIGHTS OF TRUSTEE.

(a)    The Trustee may conclusively rely upon any document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper Person. The Trustee need not investigate any fact or matter stated in the document.

(b)    Before the Trustee acts or refrains from acting, it may require an Officers’ Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel or both. The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in reliance on such Officers’ Certificate or Opinion of Counsel. The Trustee may consult with counsel, and the written advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection from liability in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon.

(c)    The Trustee may act through its attorneys and agents and shall not be responsible for the misconduct or negligence of any agent appointed with due care.

(d)    The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith that it believes to be authorized or within the rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture.

(e)    Unless otherwise specifically provided in this Indenture, any demand, request, direction or notice from the Company shall be sufficient if signed by an Officer of the Company.

Section 7.03. INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS OF TRUSTEE.

The Trustee in its individual or any other capacity may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and may otherwise deal with the Company or any Affiliate of the Company with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee. However, in the event that the Trustee acquires any conflicting interest (within the meaning of TIA § 310(b)) it must eliminate such conflicting interest within 90 days after the default referred to in such § 310(b), apply to the SEC for permission to continue as trustee, or resign. Any Agent may do the same with like rights and duties. The Trustee is also subject to Sections 7.10 and 7.11 hereof.

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Section 7.04. TRUSTEE’S DISCLAIMER.

The Trustee shall not be responsible for and makes no representation as to the validity or adequacy of this Indenture or the Securities; it shall not be accountable for the Company’s use of the proceeds from the Securities or any money paid to the Company or upon the Company’s direction under any provision of this Indenture; it shall not be responsible for the use or application of any money received by any Paying Agent other than the Trustee; and it shall not be responsible for any statement or recital herein or any statement in the Securities or any other document in connection with the sale of the Securities or pursuant to this Indenture other than its certificate of authentication.

Section 7.05. NOTICE OF DEFAULTS.

If a Default or Event of Default occurs and is continuing and if a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has actual knowledge of such Default or Event of Default, the Trustee shall mail to Holders of Securities a notice of the Default or Event of Default within 90 days after it occurs. Except in the case of a Default or Event of Default in payment of principal of, or interest on, any Security, the Trustee may withhold the notice if and so long as a committee of its Responsible Officers in good faith determines that withholding the notice is in the interests of the Holders of the Securities.

Section 7.06. REPORTS BY TRUSTEE TO HOLDERS OF THE SECURITIES.

On or before July 31 of each year, beginning with the July 31 following the date on which Securities are first issued under this Indenture, and for so long as Securities remain outstanding, the Trustee shall mail to the Holders of the Securities a brief report dated as of such reporting date that complies with TIA § 313(a) (but if no event described in TIA § 313(a) has occurred within the twelve months preceding the reporting date, no report need be transmitted). The Trustee also shall comply with TIA § 313(b)(2). The Trustee shall also transmit by mail all reports as required by TIA § 313(c). A copy of each report at the time of its mailing to the Holders of Securities shall be mailed to the Company and filed with the SEC and each stock exchange on which the Securities are listed in accordance with TIA § 313(d). The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee when the Securities are listed on any stock exchange.

Section 7.07. COMPENSATION AND INDEMNITY.

The Company shall pay to the Trustee from time to time such compensation for its acceptance of this Indenture and services hereunder as the Company and Trustee have separately agreed. The Trustee’s compensation shall not be limited by any law on compensation of a trustee of an express trust. The Company shall reimburse the Trustee promptly upon request for all reasonable disbursements, advances and expenses incurred or made by it in addition to the compensation for its services. Such expenses shall include the reasonable compensation, disbursements and expenses of the Trustee’s agents and counsel.

The Company shall indemnify the Trustee against any and all losses, liabilities or expenses incurred by it arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of its duties under this Indenture, including the costs and expenses of enforcing this Indenture against the Company (including this Section 7.07) and defending itself against any claim (whether asserted by the Company or any Holder or any other person) or liability in connection with the exercise or performance of any of its powers or duties hereunder, except to the extent any such loss, liability or expense may be attributable to its negligence or willful misconduct. The Trustee shall notify the Company promptly of any claim for which it may seek indemnity. Failure by the Trustee to so notify the Company shall not relieve the Company of its obligations hereunder. The Company shall defend the claim, and the Trustee shall cooperate in the defense. The Trustee may have separate counsel, and the Company shall pay the reasonable fees and expenses of such counsel. The Company need not pay for any settlement made without its consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld.

The obligations of the Company under this Section 7.07 shall survive the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture and the removal or resignation of the Trustee.

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To secure the Company’s payment obligations in this Section, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities on all money or property held or collected by the Trustee, except that held in trust to pay principal of, premium, if any, and interest on particular Securities. Such lien shall survive the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture.

When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services after an Event of Default specified in Section 6.01(e) or (f) hereof occurs, the expenses and the compensation for the services (including the fees and expenses of its agents and counsel) are intended to constitute expenses of administration under any Bankruptcy Law.

Section 7.08. REPLACEMENT OF TRUSTEE.

A resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment of a successor Trustee shall become effective only upon the successor Trustee’s acceptance of appointment as provided in this Section.

The Trustee may resign with respect to one or more or all series of Securities at any time and be discharged from the trust hereby created by so notifying the Company in writing. The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of any series may remove the Trustee with respect to such series by so notifying the Trustee and the Company in writing. The Company may remove the Trustee if:

(a)    the Trustee ceases to be eligible in accordance with Section 7.10 hereof;

(b)    the Trustee is adjudged bankrupt or insolvent or an order for relief is entered with respect to the Trustee under any Bankruptcy Law;

(c)    a custodian or public officer takes charge of the Trustee or its property; or

(d)    the Trustee becomes incapable of acting.

If the Trustee resigns or is removed or if a vacancy exists in the office of Trustee for any reason, the Company shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee. Within one year after the successor Trustee takes office, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of a series may appoint a successor Trustee to replace the successor Trustee appointed by the Company with respect to that series of Securities.

If a successor Trustee does not take office within 60 days after the retiring Trustee resigns or is removed, the retiring Trustee, the Company, or the Holders of at least 10% in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee.

If the Trustee, after written request by any Holder of a Security who has been a Holder of a Security for at least six months, ceases to be eligible in accordance with Section 7.10, such Holder of a Security may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee and the appointment of a successor Trustee. A successor Trustee shall deliver a written acceptance of its appointment to the retiring Trustee and to the Company. Thereupon, the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective, and the successor Trustee shall have all the rights, powers and duties of the Trustee under this Indenture. The successor Trustee shall mail a notice of its succession to Holders of the Securities. The retiring Trustee shall promptly transfer all property held by it as Trustee to the successor Trustee, provided all sums owing to the Trustee hereunder have been paid and subject to the lien provided for in Section 7.07 hereof. Notwithstanding replacement of the Trustee pursuant to this Section 7.08, the Company’s obligations under Section 7.07 hereof shall continue for the benefit of the retiring Trustee.

If a successor Trustee is appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company, the retiring Trustee and each successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any applicable series shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto which shall contain such provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series as to which the predecessor Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the predecessor Trustee, and shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being understood that

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nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees as co-trustees of the same trust and that each such Trustee shall be Trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder administered by any other such Trustee.

Section 7.09. SUCCESSOR TRUSTEE BY MERGER, ETC.

If the Trustee consolidates, merges or converts into, or transfers all or substantially all of its corporate trust business to, another corporation, the successor corporation without any further act shall be the successor Trustee.

Section 7.10. ELIGIBILITY; DISQUALIFICATION.

There shall at all times be a Trustee hereunder that is a corporation organized and doing business under the laws of the United States of America or of any state thereof that is authorized under such laws to exercise corporate trust powers, that is subject to supervision or examination by federal or state authorities and that has a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000 as set forth in its most recent published annual report of condition.

This Indenture shall always have a Trustee who satisfies the requirements of TIA § 310(a)(1), (2) and (5). The Trustee is subject to TIA § 310(b); provided, that there shall be excluded from the operation of TIA § 310(b)(1) any indenture or indentures under which other securities, or certificates of interest or participation in other securities, of the Company are outstanding, if the requirements for such exclusion set forth in TIA § 310(b)(1) are met .

Section 7.11. PREFERENTIAL COLLECTION OF CLAIMS AGAINST COMPANY.

The Trustee is subject to TIA § 311(a), excluding any creditor relationship described in TIA § 311(b). A Trustee who has resigned or been removed shall be subject to TIA § 311(a) to the extent indicated therein.

ARTICLE 8.

LEGAL DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE

Section 8.01. OPTION TO EFFECT LEGAL DEFEASANCE OR COVENANT DEFEASANCE.

(a)    The Company may, at the option of its Board of Trustees evidenced by a resolution set forth in an Officers’ Certificate, at any time, elect to have either Section 8.02 or 8.03 hereof, with such modifications thereto as may be specified pursuant to Section 2.02 in the Board Resolution, Officer’s Certificate or supplemental indenture establishing a particular series of Securities, be applied to all outstanding Securities of one or more series upon compliance with the conditions set forth below in this Article 8.

(b)    As an alternative to having Section 8.02 or 8.03 be applied to all outstanding Securities of one or more series, the Company may terminate its obligations under the Securities of one or more series and its obligations under this Indenture in respect of such series of Securities (except those obligations referred to in the penultimate paragraph of this Section 8.01(b), and any obligation of the Company to convert or exchange Securities of such series as expressly provided for in the Board Resolution, Officer’s Certificate or indenture supplemental hereto establishing such Series) (1) if (i) all Securities of such series theretofore authenticated and delivered (except lost, stolen or destroyed Securities that have been replaced or paid and Securities for whose payment cash in United States dollars has theretofore been deposited in trust or segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereafter repaid to the Company or discharged from such trust as provided in Section 8.06) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; (ii) the Company has paid all sums payable by it hereunder or under the applicable Board Resolution, Officer’s Certificate or indenture supplemental hereto in respect of such series of Securities; and (iii) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture have been complied with; or (2) if (i) either (A) in the case of a series of Securities redeemable prior to its stated maturity, the Company shall, pursuant to Article 3, have given notice to the Trustee and mailed a notice of redemption to each Holder of Securities of such series of the redemption of all of such Securities under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of such notice or (B) all Securities of such series have otherwise become due and payable hereunder or will become due and payable within one year; (ii) the Company shall have irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with

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the Trustee (or a trustee satisfactory to the Trustee, under the terms of an irrevocable trust agreement in form and substance satisfactory to the Trustee), as trust funds in trust solely for the benefit of the Holders of Securities of such series for that purpose, cash in United States dollars in such amount as is sufficient without consideration of reinvestment of interest or other earnings on such cash, to pay the entire indebtedness on such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, for the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the outstanding Securities of such series to the date of such deposit (in the case of Securities which have become due and payable) or to the stated maturity or redemption date, as the case may be; (iii) no Default or Event of Default with respect to this Indenture or the Securities shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit or shall occur as a result of such deposit and such deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, any other instrument to which the Company is bound; (iv) the Company shall have paid all other sums payable by it hereunder in respect of Securities of such series; and (v) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture have been complied with.

Notwithstanding the foregoing paragraph, the Company’s obligations in Sections 2.07, 2.08, 2.09, 2.10, 4.01, including any provision of the applicable Board Resolution, Officer’s Certificate or indenture supplemental hereto relating to the payment of principal, premium or interest, 4.02, 7.07, 8.06 and 8.07 shall survive with respect to the Securities of the applicable series until they are no longer outstanding pursuant to the last paragraph of Section 2.10. After the Securities of the applicable series are no longer outstanding, the Company’s obligations in Sections 7.07, 8.06 and 8.07 shall survive in respect of Securities of the applicable series.

After such delivery or irrevocable deposit, the Trustee upon request shall acknowledge in writing the discharge of the Company’s obligations under the Securities of the applicable series and the Company’s obligations under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such series, except for those surviving obligations specified above.

Section 8.02. LEGAL DEFEASANCE AND DISCHARGE.

Upon the Company’s exercise under Section 8.01 hereof of the option applicable to this Section 8.02 relating to one or more series of Securities, the Company shall, upon the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 8.04 hereof, be deemed to have been discharged from its obligations with respect to all outstanding Securities of such series on the date the conditions set forth in Section 8.04 are satisfied (hereinafter, “Legal Defeasance”). For this purpose, Legal Defeasance means that the Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness represented by the outstanding Securities of the applicable series, which shall thereafter be deemed to be “outstanding” only for the purposes of Section 8.05 hereof and the other Sections of this Indenture referred to in (a) and (b) below, and to have satisfied all of its other obligations under the Securities of the applicable series and under the provisions of this Indenture applicable to such series (and the Trustee, on demand of and at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging the same), except for the following provisions which shall survive until otherwise terminated or discharged hereunder: (a) the rights of Holders of outstanding Securities of the applicable series to receive solely from the trust fund described in Section 8.04 hereof, and as more fully set forth in such Section, payments in respect of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest, on such Securities when such payments are due, (b) the Company’s obligations with respect to such Securities under Article 2 and Section 4.02 hereof, (c) the rights, powers, trusts, duties and immunities of the Trustee hereunder, and the Company’s obligations in connection therewith and (d) this Article 8. Subject to compliance with this Article 8, the Company may exercise its option under this Section 8.02 notwithstanding the prior exercise of its option under Section 8.03 hereof.

Section 8.03. COVENANT DEFEASANCE.

Upon the Company’s exercise under Section 8.01 hereof of the option applicable to this Section 8.03 relating to one or more series of Securities, the Company shall, upon the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 8.04 hereof, be released from its obligations under the covenants contained in Sections 4.03, 4.04, 4.05, 4.06 and 4.07 hereof with respect to the outstanding Securities of the applicable series, and under any other covenants specified in the Board Resolution, Officer’s Certificate or supplemental indenture establishing the applicable series as covenants to which this Section 8.03 applies, on and after the date the conditions set forth below in Section 8.04 are satisfied (hereinafter, “Covenant Defeasance”), and the Securities of the applicable series shall thereafter be

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deemed not “outstanding” for the purposes of any direction, waiver, consent or declaration or act of Holders (and the consequences of any thereof) in connection with such covenants, but shall continue to be deemed “outstanding” for all other purposes hereunder. For this purpose, Covenant Defeasance means that, with respect to the “outstanding” Securities of the applicable series, the Company may omit to comply with and shall have no liability in respect of any term, condition or limitation set forth in any such covenant, whether directly or indirectly, by reason of any reference elsewhere herein to any such covenant or by reason of any reference in any such covenant to any other provision herein or in any other document and such omission to comply shall not constitute a Default or an Event of Default under Section 6.01 hereof, but, except as specified above, the remainder of this Indenture and such Securities shall be unaffected thereby.

Section 8.04. CONDITIONS TO LEGAL OR COVENANT DEFEASANCE.

The following shall be the conditions to the application of either Section 8.02 or 8.03 hereof to the outstanding Securities of one or more series:

In order to exercise either Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance:

(a)    the Company must irrevocably deposit with the Trustee, (or another trustee satisfying the requirements of Section 7.10, who shall agree to comply with the provisions of this Article 8 applicable to it) in trust, for the benefit of the Holders of the Securities of the applicable series, (i) an amount of cash in United States dollars, (ii) non-callable U.S. Government Obligations which, through scheduled payment of principal and interest in respect thereof in accordance with their terms, will provide, not later than one Business Day before the due date of any payment of principal of, premium, if any, or interest on the Securities of such series, cash in an amount, or (iii) a combination thereof, sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants, to pay the principal of, interest and premium, if any, on the outstanding Securities of the applicable series on the Stated Maturity or on the applicable redemption date, as the case may be, and any mandatory sinking fund payments applicable to the Securities of such series on the day on which such payments are due, and the Company must specify whether the Securities of the applicable series are being defeased to maturity or to a particular redemption date;

(b)    in the case of an election under Section 8.02 hereof, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel in the United States reasonably acceptable to the Trustee confirming that (i) the Company has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling or (ii) since the date of this Indenture, there has been a change in the applicable federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such Opinion of Counsel shall confirm that, the Holders of the outstanding Securities of the applicable series will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such Legal Defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such Legal Defeasance had not occurred;

(c)    in the case of an election under Section 8.03 hereof, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel in the United States reasonably acceptable to the Trustee confirming that the Holders of the outstanding Securities of the applicable series will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such Covenant Defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such Covenant Defeasance had not occurred;

(d)    no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit (other than a Default or Event of Default resulting from the borrowing of funds to be applied to such deposit) or insofar as Sections 6.01(e) or (f) hereof are concerned, at any time in the period ending on the 91st day after the date of deposit (or greater period of time in which any such deposit of trust funds may remain subject to Bankruptcy Law insofar as those apply to the deposit by the Company); and

(e)    the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent provided for or relating to the Legal Defeasance or the Covenant Defeasance have been complied with.

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Section 8.05. DEPOSITED MONEY AND U.S. GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS TO BE HELD IN TRUST; OTHER MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS.

Subject to Section 8.06 hereof, all money and non-callable U.S. Government Obligations (including the proceeds thereof) deposited with the Trustee (or other qualifying trustee, collectively for purposes of this Section 8.05, the “Trustee”) pursuant to Section 8.04 hereof in respect of the outstanding Securities of the applicable series shall be held in trust and applied by the Trustee, in accordance with the provisions of such Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Holders of such Securities of all sums due and to become due thereon in respect of principal, premium, if any, and interest, but such money need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. All amounts so deposited with the Trustee in compliance with Article 10 shall be held in trust by the Trustee for the purposes set forth in the preceding sentence and shall not be subject to the subordination provisions of Article 10.

The Company shall pay and indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against the cash or non-callable U.S. Government Obligations deposited pursuant to Section 8.04 hereof or the principal and interest received in respect thereof other than any such tax, fee or other charge which by law is for the account of the Holders of the outstanding Securities of the applicable series.

Anything in this Article 8 to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon the request of the Company any money or non-callable U.S. Government Obligations held by it as provided in Section 8.04 hereof which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee (which may be the opinion delivered under Section 8.04(a) hereof), are in excess of the amount thereof that would then be required to be deposited to effect an equivalent Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance of the applicable series.

Section 8.06. REPAYMENT TO COMPANY.

Any money and U.S. Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held by the Company, in trust for the payment of the principal of, premium or interest on any Security and remaining unclaimed for two years after such principal, and premium, if any, or interest has become due and payable shall be paid to the Company on its request or (if then held by the Company) shall be discharged from such trust; and the Holder of such Security shall thereafter look only to the Company for payment thereof, and all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect to such money and U.S. Government Obligations, and all liability of the Company as trustee thereof, shall thereupon cease; provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent, before being required to make any such repayment, may at the expense of the Company cause to be published once, in the New York Times and The Wall Street Journal (national edition), notice that such money remains unclaimed and that, after a date specified therein, which shall not be less than 30 days from the date of such publication, any unclaimed balance of such money then remaining will be repaid to the Company.

Section 8.07. REINSTATEMENT.

If the Trustee or Paying Agent is unable to apply any United States dollars or non-callable U.S. Government Obligations deposited pursuant to Section 8.02 or 8.03 hereof, as the case may be, by reason of any order or judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting such application or if any amounts previously applied are required to be returned to the Company or to any trustee in connection with any proceeding referred to in Section 6.01(d) or (e), then the obligations of the Company under this Indenture and the Securities shall be revived and reinstated as though no deposit had occurred pursuant to Section 8.02 or 8.03 hereof until such time as the Trustee or Paying Agent is permitted to apply all such money in accordance with Section 8.02 or 8.03 hereof, as the case may be; provided, however, that, if the Company makes any payment of principal of, premium or interest on any Security following the reinstatement of its obligations, the Company shall be subrogated to the rights of the Holder of such Security to receive such payment from the money held by the Trustee or Paying Agent.

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ARTICLE 9.

AMENDMENT, SUPPLEMENT AND WAIVER

Section 9.01. WITHOUT CONSENT OF HOLDERS OF SECURITIES.

Notwithstanding Section 9.02 of this Indenture, the Company and the Trustee may amend or supplement this Indenture or the Securities without the consent of any Holder of a Security:

(a)    to evidence the succession of another Person to the Company, or successive successions, and the assumption by the successor Person of the covenants, agreements and obligations of the Company pursuant to Article 5 hereof;

(b)    to add to the covenants of the Company such further covenants, restrictions or conditions for the protection of the Holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such covenants are to be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities stating that such covenants are expressly being included for the benefit of such series) as the Board of Trustees and the Trustee shall consider to be for the protection of the Holders of such Securities, and to make the occurrence, or the occurrence and continuance, of a default in any of such additional covenants, restrictions or conditions a Default or an Event of Default permitting the enforcement of all or any of the several remedies provided in this Indenture as herein set forth; provided, however, that in respect of any such additional covenant, restriction or condition such supplemental indenture may provide for a particular period of grace after default (which period may be shorter or longer than that allowed in the case of other defaults) or may provide for an immediate enforcement upon such default or may limit the remedies available to the Trustee upon such default;

(c)    to provide for the issuance under this Indenture of Securities in coupon form (including Securities registrable as to principal only) and to provide for exchangeability of such Securities with the Securities issued hereunder in fully registered form and to make all appropriate changes for such purpose;

(d)    to cure any ambiguity or to correct or supplement any provision contained herein or in any supplemental indenture which may be defective or inconsistent with any other provision contained herein or in any supplemental indenture, or to make such other provisions in regard to matters or questions arising under this Indenture; provided that any such action shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of the Securities;

(e)    to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series and to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one trustee, pursuant to the requirements of Section 7.08;

(f)    to add guarantees with respect to the Securities of any series;

(g)    to secure the Securities of any series;

(h)    comply with any requirement of the SEC in connection with the qualification of this Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act or with the rules of any applicable securities depositary;

(i)    add additional Events of Default with respect to the Securities of any or all series;

(j)    to make any change that does not adversely affect the rights of any Holder; or

(k)    to provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of the Securities of any series, to establish the form of any certifications required to be furnished pursuant to the terms of this Indenture or any series of Securities, or to add to the rights of the Holders of any series of Securities.

Upon the request of the Company accompanied by a copy of a Board Resolution, certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by the Board of Trustees and to be in full force and effect on the date of the certificate, authorizing the execution of any such amended or supplemental indenture,

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and upon receipt by the Trustee of the documents described in Section 7.02 hereof, the Trustee shall join with the Company in the execution of any amended or supplemental indenture authorized or permitted by the terms of this Indenture and to make any further appropriate agreements and stipulations that may be therein contained, but the Trustee shall not be obligated to enter into such amended or supplemental indenture that affects its own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise.

Section 9.02. WITH CONSENT OF HOLDERS OF SECURITIES.

Except as provided below in this Section 9.02, the Company and the Trustee may amend or supplement this Indenture, or the Securities of any series may be amended or supplemented, with the consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities then outstanding of all series affected by such supplemental indenture, treated as a single class (including, without limitation, consents obtained in connection with a purchase of, or tender offer or exchange offer for, Securities), and, subject to Sections 6.04 and 6.07 hereof, any existing Default or Event of Default (other than a Default or Event of Default in the payment of the principal of, premium or interest on the Securities) or compliance with any provision of this Indenture or the Securities of such series may be waived with the consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities then outstanding of all series affected by such waiver, treated as a single class (including, without limitation, consents obtained in connection with a purchase of, or tender offer or exchange offer for the Securities). Any amendment to the provisions of Article 10 hereof will require the consent of the Holders of at least 75% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities then outstanding (treating all outstanding series as a single class) if such amendment would adversely affect the rights of Holders of the Securities.

Upon the request of the Company accompanied by a copy of a Board Resolution, certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by the Board of Trustees and to be in full force and effect on the date of the certificate, authorizing the execution of any such amended or supplemental indenture, and upon the filing with the Trustee of evidence satisfactory to the Trustee of the consent of the Holders of Securities of each such series as aforesaid, and upon receipt by the Trustee of the documents described in Section 7.02(b) hereof, the Trustee shall join with the Company in the execution of such amended or supplemental indenture unless such amended or supplemental indenture affects the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise, in which case the Trustee may in its discretion, but shall not be obligated to, enter into such amended or supplemental indenture.

It shall not be necessary for the consent of the Holders of Securities under this Section 9.02 to approve the particular form of any proposed amendment or waiver, but it shall be sufficient if such consent approves the substance thereof.

After an amendment, supplement or waiver under this Section 9.02 becomes effective, the Company shall mail to the Holders of Securities of such series affected thereby a notice briefly describing the amendment, supplement or waiver. Any failure of the Company to mail such notice, or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such amended or supplemental indenture or waiver.

However, without the consent of each Holder of Securities affected, an amendment or waiver may not (with respect to any Securities held by a non-consenting Holder):

(a)    reduce the principal amount of the Securities whose Holders must consent to an amendment, supplement or waiver;

(b)    reduce the principal of or change the fixed maturity of the principal of, premium, if any, or mandatory sinking fund obligation, if any, with respect to any Securities of any series or alter the provisions with respect to the redemption of the Securities;

(c)    reduce the rate of or change the time for payment of interest, including default interest, on any Security of any series;

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(d)    waive a Default or Event of Default in the payment of principal of or interest or premium on the Securities of any series (except a rescission of acceleration of maturity of the Securities by the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of one or more affected series and a waiver of the payment default that resulted from such acceleration);

(e)    make any Security of any series payable in currency other than that stated in the Securities of such series;

(f)    make any change in the provisions of this Indenture relating to waivers of past Defaults or the rights of Holders of Securities to receive payments of principal of or interest or premium on the Securities;

(g)    waive a redemption payment with respect to any Security; or

(h)    make any change in Section 6.04 or 6.07 hereof or in the amendment and waiver provisions of Section 9.01 or this Section 9.02.

Section 9.03. COMPLIANCE WITH TRUST INDENTURE ACT.

Every amendment or supplement to this Indenture or the Securities shall be set forth in an amended or supplemental indenture that complies with the TIA as then in effect.

Section 9.04. REVOCATION AND EFFECT OF CONSENTS.

Until an amendment, supplement or waiver becomes effective, a consent to it by a Holder of a Security is a continuing consent by the Holder of a Security and every subsequent Holder of a Security or portion of a Security that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder’s Securities, even if notation of the consent is not made on any Securities. However, any such Holder of a Security or subsequent Holder of a Security may revoke the consent as to its Securities if the Trustee receives written notice of revocation before the date the waiver, supplement or amendment becomes effective. An amendment, supplement or waiver becomes effective in accordance with its terms and thereafter binds every Holder.

Section 9.05. NOTATION ON OR EXCHANGE OF SECURITIES.

The Trustee may place an appropriate notation about an amendment, supplement or waiver on any Securities thereafter authenticated. The Company in exchange for all Securities may issue and the Trustee shall authenticate new Securities that reflect the amendment, supplement or waiver.

Failure to make the appropriate notation or to issue new Securities shall not affect the validity and effect of such amendment, supplement or waiver.

Section 9.06. TRUSTEE TO SIGN AMENDMENTS, ETC.

The Company may not sign an amendment or supplemental indenture until its Board of Trustees approves it. The Trustee shall sign any amendment or supplemental indenture authorized pursuant to this Article 9 if the amendment or supplement does not adversely affect the rights, duties, liabilities or immunities of the Trustee. If it does, the Trustee may, but need not, sign it. In signing or refusing to sign such amendment or supplemental indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive and, subject to Section 7.01 hereof, shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel as conclusive evidence that such amendment or supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture, that it is not inconsistent herewith, and that it will be valid and binding upon the Company in accordance with its terms.

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ARTICLE 10.

SUBORDINATION

Section 10.01. AGREEMENT TO SUBORDINATE.

(a)    The Company agrees, and each Holder by accepting a Security agrees, that the Indebtedness evidenced by the Securities is subordinated in right of payment, to the extent and in the manner provided in this Article 10, to the prior payment in full of all Senior Debt (whether outstanding on the date hereof or hereafter created, incurred, assumed or guaranteed), and that the subordination is for the benefit of the holders of Senior Debt.

(b)    If any holder of Senior Debt is required by any court or otherwise to return to the Company, or any custodian, trustee, or similar official acting in relation to the Company, any amount paid by the Company to such holder of Senior Debt, the provisions of this Article 10, to the extent theretofore discharged, shall be reinstated in full force and effect.

Section 10.02. CERTAIN DEFINITIONS.

“Designated Senior Debt” means (i) the Senior Bank Debt and (ii) any other Senior Debt permitted under this Indenture the principal amount of which at least the amount specified in the applicable supplemental indenture and that has been designated by the Company as “Designated Senior Debt.”

“Representative” means (i) the indenture trustee or other trustee, agent or representative for the holders of any Senior Debtor or (ii) with respect to any Senior Debt that does not have any such trustee, agent or other representative, (a) in the case of such Senior Debt issued pursuant to an agreement providing for voting arrangements as among the holders or owners of such Senior Debt, any holder or owner of such Senior Debt acting with the consent of the required persons necessary to bind such holders or owners of such Senior Debt and (b) in the case of all other such Senior Debt, the holder or owner of such Senior Debt.

A “distribution” may consist of cash, securities or other property, by set-off or otherwise.

Section 10.03. LIQUIDATION; DISSOLUTION; BANKRUPTCY.

Upon any distribution to creditors of the Company in a liquidation or dissolution of the Company or in a bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency, receivership or similar proceeding relating to the Company or its property, an assignment for the benefit of creditors or any marshalling of the Company’s assets and liabilities:

(1)    holders of Senior Debt shall be entitled to receive payment in full of all Obligations due in respect of such Senior Debt (including interest after the commencement of any such proceeding at the rate specified in the applicable Senior Debt) before the Holders of Securities shall be entitled to receive any payment with respect to the Securities (except that Holders may receive (i) securities that are subordinated to at least the same extent as the Securities to (a) Senior Debt and (b) any securities issued in exchange for Senior Debt and (ii) payments and other distributions made from any defeasance trust created pursuant to Section 8.05 hereof and any amount deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.01 hereof); and

(2)    until all Obligations with respect to Senior Debt (as provided in subsection (1) above) are paid in full, any distribution to which the Holders of Securities would be entitled but for this Article 10 shall be made to holders of Senior Debt (except that Holders may receive (i) securities that are subordinated to at least the same extent as the Securities to (a) Senior Debt and (b) any securities issued in exchange for Senior Debt and (ii) payments and other distributions made from any defeasance trust created pursuant to Section 8.05 hereof and any amount deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.01 hereof), as their interests may appear.

Section 10.04. DEFAULT ON DESIGNATED SENIOR DEBT.

(a)    The Company may not make any payment or distribution to the Trustee or any Holder in respect of the Securities and may not acquire from the Trustee or any Holder any Securities for cash or property (other than (1) securities that are subordinated to at least the same extent as the Securities to (A) Senior Debt and (B) any securities issued in exchange for Senior Debt and (2) payments and other distributions made from any defeasance

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trust created pursuant to Section 8.05 hereof and any amount deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.01 hereof) until all principal and other Obligations with respect to the Senior Debt have been paid in full if:

(1)    a default in the payment of the principal of, premium, if any, or interest on Designated Senior Debt occurs and is continuing beyond any applicable grace period in the agreement, indenture or other document governing such Designated Senior Debt; or

(2)    a default, other than a default specified in Section 10.04(a)(1), on Designated Senior Debt occurs and is continuing with respect to Designated Senior Debt that then permits holders of the Designated Senior Debt to which such default relates to accelerate its maturity and the Trustee receives a notice of the default (a “ Payment Blockage Notice”) from a Representative of such Designated Senior Debt. If the Trustee receives any such Payment Blockage Notice, no subsequent Payment Blockage Notice shall be effective for purposes of this Section unless and until (I) at least 360 days shall have elapsed since the effectiveness of the immediately prior Payment Blockage Notice and (II) all scheduled payments of principal and premium, if any, and interest on the Securities that have come due (other than by reason of acceleration) have been paid in full in cash. No default described in this paragraph (2) that existed or was continuing on the date of delivery of any Payment Blockage Notice to the Trustee shall be, or be made, the basis for a subsequent Payment Blockage Notice.

(b)    The Company may and shall resume payments on and distributions in respect of the Securities and may acquire them:

(i) in the case of a default described in Section 10.04(a)(1) hereof, upon the date on which the default is cured or waived, and

(ii) in the case of a default referred to in Section 10.04(a)(2) hereof, the earlier of the date on which such default is cured or waived or 179 days after the date on which the applicable Payment Blockage Notice is received, unless the maturity of any Designated Senior Debt has been accelerated,

if this Article 10 otherwise permits the payment, distribution or acquisition at the time of such payment or acquisition.

Section 10.05. ACCELERATION OF SECURITIES.

If payment of the Securities is accelerated because of an Event of Default, the Company shall promptly notify each Representative of Senior Debt of the acceleration.

Section 10.06. WHEN DISTRIBUTION MUST BE PAID OVER.

In the event that the Trustee or any Holder receives any payment of any Obligations with respect to the Securities at a time when the Trustee or such Holder, as applicable, has actual knowledge that such payment is prohibited by Section 10.04 hereof, such payment shall be held by the Trustee or such Holder in trust for the benefit of, and shall be paid forthwith over and delivered, upon written request, to, the holders of Senior Debt as their interests may appear or their Representative under the indenture or other agreement (if any) pursuant to which Senior Debt may have been issued, as their respective interests may appear, for application to the payment of all Obligations with respect to Senior Debt remaining unpaid to the extent necessary to pay such Obligations in full in accordance with their terms, after giving effect to any concurrent payment or distribution to or for the holders of Senior Debt.

With respect to the holders of Senior Debt, the Trustee undertakes to perform only such obligations on the part of the Trustee as are specifically set forth in this Article 10, and no implied covenants or obligations with respect to the holders of Senior Debt shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee. The Trustee shall not be deemed to owe any fiduciary duty to the holders of Senior Debt, and shall not be liable to any such holders if the Trustee shall pay over or distribute to or on behalf of Holders or the Company or any other Person money or assets to which any holders of Senior Debt shall be entitled by virtue of this Article 10, except if such payment is made as a result of the willful misconduct or gross negligence of the Trustee.

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Section 10.07. NOTICE BY COMPANY.

The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee and the Paying Agent of any facts known to the Company that would cause a payment of any Obligations with respect to the Securities to violate this Article 10, but failure to give such notice shall not affect the subordination of the Securities to the Senior Debt as provided in this Article 10.

Section 10.08. SUBROGATION.

After all Senior Debt is paid in full and until the Securities are paid in full, Holders of the Securities shall be subrogated (equally and ratably with all other Indebtedness pari passu with such Securities) to the rights of holders of Senior Debt to receive distributions applicable to Senior Debt to the extent that distributions otherwise payable to the Holders have been applied to the payment of Senior Debt. A distribution made under this Article 10 to holders of Senior Debt that otherwise would have been made to Holders is not, as between the Company and Holders, a payment by the Company on the Senior Debt.

Section 10.09. RELATIVE RIGHTS.

This Article 10 defines the relative rights of Holders and holders of Senior Debt. Nothing in this Indenture shall:

(i) impair, as between the Company and Holders, the obligation of the Company, which is absolute and unconditional, to pay principal of, premium, if any and interest on the Securities in accordance with their terms;

(ii) affect the relative rights of Holders and creditors of the Company other than the rights of Holders of the Securities in relation to holders of Senior Debt; or

(iii) prevent the Trustee or any Holder from exercising its available remedies upon a Default or Event of Default, subject to the rights of holders of Senior Debt to receive distributions and payments otherwise payable to Holders.

If the Company fails because of this Article 10 to pay principal of or interest on a Security on the due date, the failure is still a Default or Event of Default.

Section 10.10. SUBORDINATION MAY NOT BE IMPAIRED BY COMPANY.

No right of any holder of Senior Debt to enforce the subordination of the Indebtedness evidenced by the Securities shall be impaired by any act or failure to act by the Company or any Holder or by the failure of the Company or any Holder to comply with this Indenture.

Section 10.11. DISTRIBUTION OR NOTICE TO REPRESENTATIVE.

Whenever a distribution is to be made or a notice given to holders of Senior Debt, the distribution may be made and the notice given to their Representative.

Upon any payment or distribution of assets of the Company referred to in this Article 10, the Trustee and the Holders shall be entitled to rely upon any order or decree made by any court of competent jurisdiction or upon any certificate of such Representative or of the liquidating trustee or agent or other Person making any distribution to the Trustee or to the Holders for the purpose of ascertaining the Persons entitled to participate in such distribution, the holders of the Senior Debt and other Indebtedness of the Company, the amount thereof or payable thereon, the amount or amounts paid or distributed thereon and all other facts pertinent thereto or to this Article 10.

Section 10.12. RIGHTS OF TRUSTEE AND PAYING AGENT.

Notwithstanding the provisions of this Article 10 or any other provision of this Indenture, the Trustee shall not be charged with knowledge of the existence of any facts that would prohibit the making of any payment or distribution by the Trustee, and the Trustee and any Paying Agent may continue to make payments on the Securities,

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unless the Trustee shall have received at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee at least five Business Days prior to the date of such payment written notice of facts that would cause the payment of any Obligations with respect to the Securities to violate this Article or otherwise has actual knowledge of such facts. Only the Company or a Representative may give the notice. Nothing in this Article 10 shall impair the claims of, or payments to, the Trustee under or pursuant to Section 7.07 hereof.

The Trustee in its individual or any other capacity may hold Senior Debt with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee. Any Agent may do the same with like rights.

Section 10.13. AUTHORIZATION TO EFFECT SUBORDINATION.

Each Holder of a Security by the Holder’s acceptance thereof authorizes and directs the Trustee on the Holder’s behalf to take such action as may be necessary or appropriate to effectuate the subordination as provided in this Article 10, and appoints the Trustee to act as the Holder’s attorney-in-fact for any and all such purposes. If the Trustee does not file a proper proof of claim or proof of debt in the form required in any proceeding referred to in Section 6.09 hereof at least 30 days before the expiration of the time to file such claim, the Representative under any Credit Facility (or in the absence of a Representative, the lender) is hereby authorized to file an appropriate claim for and on behalf of the Holders of the Securities.

ARTICLE 11.

MEETINGS OF HOLDERS

Section 11.01. PURPOSES FOR WHICH MEETING MAY BE CALLED.

A meeting of Holders of Securities of any series may be called at any time and from time to time pursuant to this Article 11 to make, give or take any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided by this Indenture to be made, given or taken by Holders of Securities of such series.

Section 11.02. CALL, NOTICE AND PLACE OF MEETINGS.

(a)    The Trustee may at any time call a meeting of Holders of Securities of any one or more series for any purpose specified in Section 11.01, to be held at such time and at such place in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, or in such other place as the Trustee shall determine. Notice of every meeting of Holders of Securities of any one or more series, setting forth the time and the place of such meeting and in general terms the action proposed to be taken at such meeting, shall be given, in the manner provided in Section 12.02, not less than 20 nor more than 180 days prior to the date fixed for the meeting.

(b)    In case at any time the Company, by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, or the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any one or more series shall have requested the Trustee to call a meeting of the Holders of Securities of such series for any purpose specified in Section 11.01 by written request setting forth in reasonable detail the action proposed to be taken at the meeting, and the Trustee shall not have mailed notice of such meeting within 20 days after receipt of such request or shall not thereafter proceed to cause the meeting to be held as provided herein, then the Company or the Holders of Securities of such series in the amount above specified, as the case may be, may determine the time and the place for such meeting and may call such meeting for such purposes by giving notice thereof as provided in clause (a)of this Section.

Section 11.03. PERSONS ENTITLED TO VOTE AT MEETINGS.

To be entitled to vote at any meeting of Holders of Securities of any one or more series, a Person shall be (a) a Holder of one or more outstanding Securities of such a series, or (b) a Person appointed by an instrument in writing as proxy for a Holder or Holders of one or more outstanding Securities of such a series by such Holder or Holders. The only Persons who shall be entitled to be present or to speak at any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series shall be the Persons entitled to vote at such meeting and their counsel, any representatives of the Trustee and its counsel and any representatives of the Company and its counsel.

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Section 11.04. QUORUM; ACTION.

The Persons entitled to vote a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of a series shall constitute a quorum for a meeting of Holders of Securities of such series; provided, however, that if the meeting is of the Holders of more than one series of Securities, a quorum shall consist of Persons entitled to vote a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of all such series (voting as a single class); and provided further that if any action is to be taken at such meeting with respect to a consent or waiver which this Indenture (or any Board Resolution, Officer’s Certificate or indenture supplemental hereto establishing a series of Securities hereunder) expressly provides may be given by the Holders of more or less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of a series, the Persons entitled to vote such percentage in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such series shall constitute a quorum. In the absence of a quorum within 30 minutes after the time appointed for any such meeting, the meeting shall, if convened at the request of Holders of Securities of such series, be dissolved. In any other case the meeting may be adjourned for a period of not less than 10 days as determined by the chairman of the meeting prior to the adjournment of such meeting. In the absence of a quorum at any such adjourned meeting, such adjourned meeting may be further adjourned for a period of not less than 10 days as determined by the chairman of the meeting prior to the adjournment of such adjourned meeting. Notice of the reconvening of any such adjourned meeting shall be given as provided in Section 11.02(a), except that such notice need be given only once not less than five days prior to the date on which the meeting is scheduled to be reconvened. Notice of the reconvening of an adjourned meeting shall state expressly the percentage, as provided above, of the principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such series which shall constitute a quorum.

Except as otherwise provided in Section 6.02 or 9.02 (or in any Board Resolution, Officer’s Certificate or indenture supplemental hereto establishing a series of Securities hereunder), any resolution presented to a meeting or adjourned meeting duly reconvened at which a quorum is present as aforesaid may be adopted only by the affirmative vote of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that series (or, if applicable, of all series participating in the meeting (voting as a single class)); provided, however, that, except as otherwise provided in Section 6.02 or 9.02 (or in any Board Resolution, Officer’s Certificate or indenture supplemental hereto establishing a series of Securities hereunder), any resolution with respect to any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action which this Indenture or any supplemental indenture expressly provides may be made, given or taken by the Holders of a specified percentage in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of a series (or, if applicable, of all series participating in the meeting (voting as a single class)) may be adopted at a meeting or an adjourned meeting duly reconvened and at which a quorum is present as aforesaid by the affirmative vote of the Holders of such specified percentage in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such series (or, if applicable, of all series participating in the meeting (voting as a single class)).

Any resolution passed or decision taken at any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series duly held in accordance with this Section shall be binding on all the Holders of Securities of such series, whether or not such Holders were present or represented at the meeting.

Section 11.05. DETERMINATION OF VOTING RIGHTS; CONDUCT AND ADJOURNMENT OF MEETINGS.

(a)    Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Indenture, the Trustee may make such reasonable regulations as it may deem advisable for any meeting of Holders of Securities of one or more series in regard to proof of the holding of Securities of such series and of the appointment of proxies and in regard to the appointment and duties of inspectors of votes, the submission and examination of proxies, certificates and other evidence of the right to vote, and such other matters concerning the conduct of the meeting as it shall deem appropriate. Except as otherwise permitted or required by any such regulations, the holding of Securities shall be proved in the manner specified in Section 1.05 and the appointment of any proxy shall be proved in the manner specified in Section 1.05. Such regulations may provide that written instruments appointing proxies, regular on their face, may be presumed valid and genuine without the proof specified in Section 1.05 or other proof.

(b)    The Trustee shall, by an instrument in writing, appoint a temporary chairman of the meeting, unless the meeting shall have been called by the Company or by Holders of Securities as provided in Section 11.02(b), in which case the Company or the Holders of Securities of the series calling the meeting (voting as a single class if there is more than one such series), as the case may be, shall in like manner appoint a temporary chairman. A

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permanent chairman and a permanent secretary of the meeting shall be elected by vote of the Persons entitled to vote at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such series (voting as a single class if there is more than one such series)represented at the meeting.

(c)    At any meeting each Holder of a Security of such series or proxy shall be entitled to one vote for each $25 principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such series held or represented by him; provided, however, that no vote shall be cast or counted at any meeting in respect of any Security challenged as not outstanding and ruled by the chairman of the meeting to be not outstanding. The chairman of the meeting shall have no right to vote, except as a Holder of a Security of such series or proxy.

(d)    Any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series duly called pursuant to Section 11.02 at which a quorum is present may be adjourned from time to time by Persons entitled to vote at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such series (voting as a single class if there is more than one such series) represented at the meeting; and the meeting may be held as so adjourned without further notice.

Section 11.06. COUNTING VOTES AND RECORDING ACTION OF MEETINGS.

The vote upon any resolution submitted to any meeting of Holders of Securities of any one or more series shall be by written ballots on which shall be subscribed the signatures of the Holders of Securities of such series or of their representatives by proxy and the principal amounts and serial numbers of the outstanding Securities of such series held or represented by them. The permanent chairman of the meeting shall appoint two inspectors of votes who shall count all votes cast at the meeting for or against any resolution and who shall make and file with the secretary of the meeting their verified written reports in duplicate of all votes cast at the meeting. A record, at least in duplicate, of the proceedings of each meeting of Holders of Securities of any one or more series shall be prepared by the secretary of the meeting and there shall be attached to said record the original reports of the inspectors of votes on any vote by ballot taken thereat and affidavits by one or more persons having knowledge of the facts setting forth a copy of the notice of the meeting and showing that said notice was given as provided in Section 11.02 and, if applicable, Section 11.04. Each copy shall be signed and verified by the affidavits of the permanent chairman and secretary of the meeting and one such copy shall be delivered to the Company, and another to the Trustee to be preserved by the Trustee, the latter to have attached thereto the ballots voted at the meeting. Any record so signed and verified shall be conclusive evidence of the matters therein stated.

Section 11.07. ARTICLE SUBJECT TO OTHER PROVISIONS.

Each provision of this Article 11 (whether or not expressly so stated) is subject to any other provision of this Indenture (or any Board Resolution, Officer’s Certificate or supplemental indenture establishing a series of Securities hereunder) that provides that Securities of different series constitute a single class.

ARTICLE 12.

MISCELLANEOUS

Section 12.01. TRUST INDENTURE ACT CONTROLS.

This Indenture is subject to the provisions of the TIA that are required to be part of this Indenture and shall, to the extent applicable, be governed by such provisions. If any provision of this Indenture limits, qualifies or conflicts with another provision which is required to be included in this Indenture by the TIA, the required provision shall control.

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Section 12.02. NOTICES.

Any notice or communication by the Company or the Trustee to the other is duly given if in writing and delivered in person or mailed by first class mail (registered or certified, return receipt requested), telecopier or overnight air courier guaranteeing next day delivery, to the others’ address:

If to the Company:

Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust

The Bellevue

200 S. Broad Street

Philadelphia, PA 19102

Facsimile No. (215) 875-0700

Attention: General Counsel

If to the Trustee:

The Company or the Trustee, by notice to the others may designate additional or different addresses for subsequent notices or communications.

All notices and communications (other than those sent to Holders) shall be deemed to have been duly given: at the time delivered by hand, if personally delivered; five Business Days after being deposited in the mail, postage prepaid, if mailed; when receipt acknowledged or confirmed , if telecopied; and the next Business Day after timely delivery to the courier, if sent by overnight air courier guaranteeing next day delivery.

Any notice or communication to a Holder shall be mailed by first class mail or by overnight courier guaranteeing next day delivery to its address shown on the register kept by the Registrar. Any notice or communication shall also be so mailed to any Person described in TIA § 313(c), to the extent required by the TIA. Failure to mail a notice or communication to a Holder or any defect in it shall not affect its sufficiency with respect to other Holders.

If a notice or communication is mailed in the manner provided above within the time prescribed, it is duly given, whether or not the addressee receives it.

If the Company mails a notice or communication to Holders, it shall mail a copy to the Trustee and each Agent at the same time.

Section 12.03. COMMUNICATION BY HOLDERS OF SECURITIES WITH OTHER HOLDERS OF SECURITIES.

Holders may communicate pursuant to TIA § 312(b) with other Holders with respect to their rights under this Indenture or the Securities. The Company, the Trustee, the Registrar and anyone else shall have the protection of TIA § 312(c).

Section 12.04. CERTIFICATE AND OPINION AS TO CONDITIONS PRECEDENT.

Upon any request or application by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee:

(a)    an Officers’ Certificate in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee (which shall include the statements set forth in Section 12.05 hereof) stating that, in the opinion of the signers, all conditions precedent and covenants, if any, provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been satisfied; and

(b)    an Opinion of Counsel in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee (which shall include the statements set forth in Section 12.05 hereof) stating that, in the opinion of such counsel, all such conditions precedent and covenants have been satisfied.

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Section 12.05. STATEMENTS REQUIRED IN CERTIFICATE OR OPINION.

Each certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture (other than a certificate provided pursuant to TIA § 314(a)(4)) shall comply with the provisions of TIA § 314(e) and shall include:

(a)    a statement that the Person making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition;

(b)    a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based;

(c)    a statement that, in the opinion of such Person, he or she has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been satisfied; and

(d)    a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such Person, such condition or covenant has been satisfied.

Section 12.06. RULES BY TRUSTEE AND AGENTS.

The Trustee may make reasonable rules for action by or at a meeting of Holders. The Registrar or Paying Agent may make reasonable rules and set reasonable requirements for its functions.

Section 12.07. NO PERSONAL LIABILITY OF TRUSTEES, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES AND STOCKHOLDERS.

No past, present or future trustee, officer, employee, incorporator or stockholder of the Company, as such, shall have any liability for any obligations of the Company under the Securities, this Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of, or by reason of, such obligations or their creation. Each Holder of Securities by accepting a Security waives and releases all such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for issuance of the Securities.

Section 12.08. GOVERNING LAW.

THE INTERNAL LAW OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK SHALL GOVERN AND BE USED TO CONSTRUE AND ENFORCE THIS INDENTURE AND THE SECURITIES.

Section 12.09. NO ADVERSE INTERPRETATION OF OTHER AGREEMENTS.

This Indenture may not be used to interpret any other indenture, loan or debt agreement of the Company or its Subsidiaries or of any other Person. Any such indenture, loan or debt agreement may not be used to interpret this Indenture.

Section 12.10. SUCCESSORS.

All agreements of the Company in this Indenture and the Securities shall bind its successors. All agreements of the Trustee in this Indenture shall bind its successors.

Section 12.11. SEVERABILITY.

In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

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Section 12.12. COUNTERPART ORIGINALS.

The parties may sign any number of copies of this Indenture. Each signed copy shall be an original, but all of them together represent the same agreement. This Indenture will be effective when each party shall have signed and delivered (including delivery by facsimile transmission), one or more counterparts to the other, but it shall not be necessary for both parties to sign the same counterpart.

Section 12.13. TABLE OF CONTENTS, HEADINGS, ETC.

The Table of Contents and Headings of the Articles and Sections of this Indenture have been inserted for convenience of reference only, are not to be considered a part of this Indenture and shall in no way modify or restrict any of the terms or provisions hereof.

[Signature Page Follows]

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SIGNATURES

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Indenture as of the date first written above.

PENNSYLVANIA REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST

By

Name:

Title:

                                         ,

as Trustee

By

Name:

Title:

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EXHIBIT A-1

(Face of Note)

    % [Series                ] Senior Subordinated Note due [                    ]

[Insert the Global Note Legend, if applicable pursuant to the provisions of the Indenture]

CUSIP:

No:                      $        

PENNSYLVANIA REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST

promises to pay to                      or registered assigns, the principal sum of

Dollars on         .

Interest Payment Dates:                     .

Record Dates:                 .

PENNSYLVANIA REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST

By

Name:

Title:

This is one of the

Notes referred to in the
within-mentioned Indenture:

                                                                      ,

as Trustee

By                                                                 

    Authorized Officer

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(Back of Note)

    % [Series                ] Senior Subordinated Note due [                    ]

Capitalized terms used herein have the meanings assigned to them in the Indenture referred to below unless otherwise indicated.

1.    INTEREST. Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust, a Pennsylvania business trust (the “Company”), promises to pay interest on the principal amount of this Note at    % per annum from [                    ] until maturity. The Company will pay interest [                    ] on                    and                    of each year, or if any such day is not a Business Day, on the next succeeding Business Day (each an “Interest Payment Date”). Interest on the Notes will accrue from the most recent date to which interest has been paid or, if no interest has been paid, from the date of issuance; provided that if there is no existing Default in the payment of interest, and if this Note is authenticated between a record date referred to on the face hereof and the next succeeding Interest Payment Date, interest shall accrue from such next succeeding Interest Payment Date; provided, further, that the first Interest Payment Date shall be                    . The Company shall pay interest (including post-petition interest in any proceeding under any Bankruptcy Law) on overdue installments of interest (without regard to any applicable grace periods) from time to time on demand at the same rate to the extent lawful. Interest will be computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months.

2.    METHOD OF PAYMENT. The Company will pay interest on the Notes (except defaulted interest) to the Persons who are registered Holders of Notes at the close of business on the                    or                    next preceding the Interest Payment Date, even if such Notes are canceled after such record date and on or before such Interest Payment Date, except as provided in Section 2.14 of the Indenture with respect to defaulted interest. The Notes will be payable as to principal, premium and interest at the office or agency of the Company maintained for such purpose within or without the City and State of New York, provided that payment by wire transfer of immediately available funds will be required with respect to principal of and interest and premium on, all Global Notes and all other Notes the Holders of which shall have provided wire transfer instructions to the Company or the Paying Agent. Such payment shall be in such coin or currency of the United States of America as at the time of payment is legal tender for payment of public and private debts.

3.    PAYING AGENT AND REGISTRAR. Initially,                    , the Trustee under the Indenture, will act as Paying Agent and Registrar. The Company may change any Paying Agent or Registrar without notice to any Holder. The Company may act in any such capacity.

4.    INDENTURE. The Company issued the Notes under an Indenture dated as of                    (the “Indenture”) between the Company and the Trustee. The terms of the Notes include those stated in the Indenture and in [a Supplemental Indenture] [resolutions of [the [                    ] Committee of ] the Company’s Board of Trustees] [an Officer’s Certificate] dated                    , and those terms made part of the Indenture by reference to the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended (15 U.S. Code §§ 77aaa-77bbbb) (the “TIA”). The Notes are subject to all such terms, and Holders are referred to the Indenture and the TIA for a statement of such terms. The Notes are general obligations of the Company. “Notes” means this Note and all other Notes of the series of which this Note is a part. The Notes are “Securities” within the meaning of the Indenture, and references in the Indenture to “Securities” (including terms such as “Global Securities”) include the Notes (and any “Global Notes” as used herein).

5.    OPTIONAL REDEMPTION.

[(a)] The Notes will not be redeemable at the Company’s option prior to                    . The Notes may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company on or after                    , at the redemption prices specified below (expressed as percentages of the principal amount thereof), in each case, together with accrued and unpaid interest thereon to the date of redemption, upon not less than 30 nor more than 60 days’ notice, if redeemed during the twelve-month period beginning on                    of the years indicated below:

Year Redemption
Price

[(b) Notwithstanding the foregoing, prior to                    , the Company may, on any one or more occasions, use the net proceeds of one or more offerings of its capital stock to redeem up to    % of the aggregate

45

principal amount of all Notes that had been issued under the Indenture up to the time of redemption at a redemption price of    % the principal amount of the Notes redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, to the date of redemption; provided that, after any such redemption, the aggregate principal amount of the Notes outstanding (excluding Notes held by the Company and its Subsidiaries) must equal at least    % of the Notes that had been issued under the Indenture up to the time of redemption; and provided further, that any such redemption shall occur within 90 days of the date of closing of such offering of Capital Stock of the Company.]

6.    MANDATORY REDEMPTION. [The Company shall not be required to make mandatory redemption or sinking fund payments with respect to the Notes.] or [Describe mandatory redemption or sinking fund provisions.]

7.    NOTICE OF REDEMPTION. Notice of Redemption will be mailed at least 30 days but not more than 60 days before the redemption date to each Holder whose Notes are to be redeemed at its registered address. Notes in denominations larger than $1,000 may be redeemed in part but only in whole multiples of $1,000, unless all of the Notes held by a Holder are to be redeemed. On and after the redemption date interest ceases to accrue on Notes or portions thereof called for redemption.

8.    DENOMINATION, TRANSFER, EXCHANGE. The Notes are in registered form without coupons in all appropriate denominations. The transfer of Notes may be registered and Notes may be exchanged as provided in the Indenture. The Registrar and the Trustee may require a Holder, among other things, to furnish appropriate endorsements and transfer documents and the Company may require a Holder to pay any taxes and fees required by law or permitted by the Indenture. The Company need not transfer or exchange any Note selected for redemption, except for the unredeemed portion of any Note being redeemed in part. Also, it need not transfer or exchange any Note for a period of 15 days before a selection of Notes to be redeemed.

9.    PERSONS DEEMED OWNERS. The registered Holder of a Note will be treated as its owner for all purposes.

10.    AMENDMENT, SUPPLEMENT AND WAIVER. Subject to certain exceptions, the Indenture or the Notes may be amended or supplemented with the consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Notes and other series of Securities affected (treating the Notes and such other series as a single class), and any existing default or compliance with any provision of the Indenture, the Notes may be waived with the consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Notes and other series of Securities affected (treating the Notes and such other series as a single class). Without the consent of any Holder of a Note, the Indenture or the Notes may be amended or supplemented to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency, to provide for uncertificated Notes in addition to or in place of certificated Notes, to provide for Notes in coupon form, to provide for a successor Trustee, to provide for the assumption of the Company’s obligations to Holders of the Notes in case of a merger or consolidation, to make any change that would provide any additional rights or benefits to the Holders of the Notes or that does not adversely affect the rights under the Indenture of any such Holder, or to comply with the requirements of the SEC in order to effect or maintain the qualification of the Indenture under the TIA.

11     DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES. Each of the following constitutes an Event of Default: (i) default by the Company in the payment of interest on the Notes when the same becomes due and payable and default continues for a period of 30 days; (ii) default by the Company in the payment of the principal of or premium, if any, on the Notes when the same becomes due and payable at maturity, upon redemption or otherwise; (iii) failure by the Company for 60 days after notice to comply with any of its other agreements in the Indenture or the Notes and (iv) certain events of bankruptcy or insolvency with respect to the Company. If any Event of Default occurs and is continuing, the Trustee or the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the then outstanding Notes and other series of Securities affected (treating the Notes and such other series as a single class) may declare all the Notes to be due and payable immediately. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of an Event of Default arising from certain events of bankruptcy or insolvency with respect to the Company, all outstanding Notes will become due and payable without further action or notice. Holders of the Notes may not enforce the Indenture or the Notes except as provided in the Indenture. Subject to certain limitations, Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Notes and other series of Securities affected (treating the Notes and such other series as a single class) may direct the Trustee in its exercise of any trust or power. The Trustee may withhold from Holders of the Notes notice of any continuing Default or Event of Default (except a Default or Event of Default relating to the payment of principal or interest) if it determines that withholding notice is in their interest. The Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Notes and other series of Securities affected (treating the Notes and such other series as a single class)

46

then outstanding by notice to the Trustee may on behalf of the Holders of all of the Notes waive any existing Default or Event of Default and its consequences under the Indenture except a continuing Default or Event of Default in the payment of principal, interest or premium on the Notes. The Company is required to deliver to the Trustee annually a statement regarding compliance with the Indenture, and the Company is required upon becoming aware of any Default or Event of Default, to deliver to the Trustee a statement specifying such Default or Event of Default.

12.    SUBORDINATION. Each Holder by accepting a Note agrees that the payment of principal of, premium and interest on each Note is subordinated in right of payment, to the extent and in the manner provided in the Indenture, to the prior payment in full of all Senior Debt (whether outstanding on the date of the Indenture or thereafter created, incurred, assumed or guaranteed), and that the subordination is for the benefit of the holders of Senior Debt.

13.    TRUSTEE DEALINGS WITH THE COMPANY. The Trustee, in its individual or any other capacity, may make loans to, accept deposits from, and perform services for the Company or its Affiliates, and may otherwise deal with the Company or its Affiliates, as if it were not the Trustee.

14.    NO RECOURSE AGAINST OTHERS. No trustee, officer, employee, incorporator or stockholder of the Company shall have any liability for any obligations of the Company under the Notes or the Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of, or by reason of, such obligations or their creation. Each Holder of Notes by accepting a Note waives and releases all such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for the issuance of the Notes.

15.    AUTHENTICATION. This Note shall not be valid until authenticated by the manual signature of the Trustee or an authenticating agent.

16.    ABBREVIATIONS. Customary abbreviations may be used in the name of a Holder or an assignee, such as: TEN COM (= tenants in common), TEN ENT (= tenants by the entireties), JT TEN (= joint tenants with right of survivorship and not as tenants in common), CUST (= Custodian), and U/G/M/A (= Uniform Gifts to Minors Act).

17. CUSIP NUMBERS. Pursuant to a recommendation promulgated by the Committee on Uniform Security Identification Procedures, the Company has caused CUSIP numbers to be printed on the Notes and the Trustee may use CUSIP numbers in notices of redemption as a convenience to Holders. No representation is made as to the accuracy of such numbers either as printed on the Notes or as contained in any notice of redemption and reliance may be placed only on the other identification numbers placed thereon.

The Company will furnish to any Holder upon written request and without charge a copy of the Indenture. Requests may be made to:

Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust

The Bellevue

200 S. Broad Street

Philadelphia, PA 19102

Attention: General Counsel

47

ASSIGNMENT FORM

To assign this Note, fill in the form below: (I) or (we) assign and transfer this Note to

(Insert assignee’s soc. sec. or tax I.D. no.)

(Print or type assignee’s name, address and zip code)

and irrevocably appoint                      to transfer this Note on the books of the Company. The agent may substitute another to act for him.

Date:
	Your
	Signature:
	(Sign exactly as your name appears on the face of this Note)

Signature Guarantee.

48

SCHEDULE OF EXCHANGES OF INTERESTS IN THE GLOBAL NOTE

The following exchanges of a part of this Global Note for an interest in another Global Note or for a certificated Note, or exchanges of a part of another Global Note or certificated Note for an interest in this Global Note, have been made:

Date of Exchange Amount of
decrease in
Principal
Amount of this
Global Note Amount of
increase in
Principal
Amount of this
Global Note Principal
Amount of
this Global Note
following such
decrease
(or increase) Signature of authorized officer of Trustee or Note Custodian

49

EX-4.3

EXHIBIT 4.3

PENNSYLVANIA REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST

SUBORDINATED

INDENTURE

Dated as of             , 20

Providing for Issuance of Subordinated Debt Securities in Series

                                                                                          ,

as Trustee

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Article 1. DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE		1
Section 1.01.	Definitions	1
Section 1.02	Other Definitions	5
Section 1.03.	Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act	5
Section 1.04.	Rules of Construction	5
Section 1.05.	Acts of Holders	5
Article 2. THE SECURITIES		6
Section 2.01.	Form and Dating	6
Section 2.02.	Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series	7
Section 2.03.	Denominations	9
Section 2.04.	Execution and Authentication	9
Section 2.05.	Registrar and Paying Agent; Appointment of Depositary	10
Section 2.06.	Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust	10
Section 2.07.	Holder Lists	11
Section 2.08.	Transfer and Exchange	11
Section 2.09.	Replacement Securities	13
Section 2.10.	Outstanding Securities	13
Section 2.11.	Treasury Securities	13
Section 2.12.	Temporary Securities	13
Section 2.13.	Purchase and Cancellation	14
Section 2.14.	Defaulted Interest	14
Section 2.15	Book-Entry Provisions for Global Securities	14
Article 3. REDEMPTION AND PREPAYMENT		15
Section 3.01.	Applicability of Article	15
Section 3.02.	Selection of Securities to Be Redeemed	15
Section 3.03.	Notice of Redemption	16
Section 3.04.	Effect of Notice of Redemption	16
Section 3.05.	Deposit of Redemption or Purchase Price	16
Section 3.06.	Securities Redeemed or Purchased in Part	16
Section 3.07.	Mandatory Redemption; Sinking Fund	17
Article 4. COVENANTS		17
Section 4.01.	Payment of Securities	17
Section 4.02.	Maintenance of Office or Agency	17
Section 4.03	Reports	17
Section 4.04.	Compliance Certificate	18
Section 4.05.	Continued Existence	18
Section 4.06.	Stay, Extension and Usury Laws	18
Article 5. SUCCESSORS		18
Section 5.01.	Merger, Consolidation, or Sale of Assets	18
Section 5.02.	Successor Person Substituted	19
Article 6. DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES		19
Section 6.01.	Events of Default	19
Section 6.02.	Acceleration	20
Section 6.03.	Other Remedies	20
Section 6.04.	Waiver of Past Defaults; Rescission of Acceleration	20
Section 6.05.	Control by Majority	21
Section 6.06.	Limitation on Suits	21
Section 6.07.	Rights of Holders of Securities to Receive Payment	21
Section 6.08.	Collection Suit by Trustee	22
Section 6.09.	Trustee May File Proofs of Claim	22
Section 6.10.	Priorities	22
Section 6.11.	Undertaking for Costs	22

Article 7. TRUSTEE		23
Section 7.01.	Duties of Trustee	23
Section 7.02.	Rights of Trustee	24
Section 7.03.	Individual Rights of Trustee	24
Section 7.04.	Trustee’s Disclaimer	24
Section 7.05.	Notice of Defaults	24
Section 7.06.	Reports by Trustee to Holders of the Securities	24
Section 7.07.	Compensation and Indemnity	25
Section 7.08.	Replacement of Trustee	25
Section 7.09.	Successor Trustee by Merger, etc.	26
Section 7.10.	Eligibility; Disqualification	26
Section 7.11.	Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company	26
Article 8. LEGAL DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE		27
Section 8.01.	Option to Effect Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance	27
Section 8.02.	Legal Defeasance and Discharge	28
Section 8.03.	Covenant Defeasance	28
Section 8.04.	Conditions to Legal or Covenant Defeasance	28
Section 8.05.	Deposited Money and U.S. Government Obligations to be Held in Trust; Other Miscellaneous Provisions	29
Section 8.06.	Repayment to Company	30
Section 8.07.	Reinstatement	30
Article 9. AMENDMENT, SUPPLEMENT AND WAIVER		30
Section 9.01.	Without Consent of Holders of Securities	30
Section 9.02.	With Consent of Holders of Securities	31
Section 9.03.	Compliance with Trust Indenture Act	32
Section 9.04.	Revocation and Effect of Consents	32
Section 9.05.	Notation on or Exchange of Securities	33
Section 9.06.	Trustee to Sign Amendments, etc.	33
Article 10. SUBORDINATION		33
Section 10.01.	Agreement to subordinate	33
Section 10.02.	Certain definitions	33
Section 10.03.	Liquidation; Dissolution; Bankruptcy	34
Section 10.04.	Default on Designated Senior Debt	34
Section 10.05.	Acceleration of Securities	35
Section 10.06.	When Distribution Must Be Paid Over	35
Section 10.07.	Notice by Company	35
Section 10.08.	Subrogation	35
Section 10.09.	Relative Rights	35
Section 10.10.	Subordination May Not Be Impaired By Company	36
Section 10.11.	Distribution or Notice to Representative	36
Section 10.12.	Rights of Trustee and Paying Agent	36
Section 10.13.	Authorization to Effect Subordination	36
Article 11. MEETINGS OF HOLDERS		37
Section 11.01.	Purposes for Which Meeting May Be Called	37
Section 11.02.	Call, Notice and Place of Meetings	37
Section 11.03.	Persons Entitled to Vote at Meetings	37
Section 11.04.	Quorum; Action	37
Section 11.05.	Determination of Voting Rights; Conduct and Adjournment of Meetings	38
Section 11.06.	Counting Votes and Recording Action of Meetings	38
Section 11.07.	Article Subject to Other Provisions	39
Article 12. MISCELLANEOUS		39
Section 12.01.	Trust Indenture Act Controls	39
Section 12.02.	Notices	39
Section 12.03.	Communication by Holders of Securities with Other Holders of Securities	40
Section 12.04.	Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent	40
Section 12.05.	Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion	40
Section 12.06.	Rules by Trustee and Agents	40
Section 12.07.	No Personal Liability of Trustees, Officers, Employees and Stockholders	40

ii

Section 12.08.	Governing Law	41
Section 12.09.	No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements	41
Section 12.10.	Successors	41
Section 12.11.	Severability	41
Section 12.12.	Counterpart Originals	41
Section 12.13.	Table of Contents, Headings, etc.	41

iii

Reconciliation and Tie Between the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and Indenture dated as of                     , between Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust and                     , as Trustee

TIA Section	Indenture Section
310(a)(1)	7.10
310(a)(2)	7.10
310(a)(3)	N/A
310(a)(4)	N/A
310(a)(5)	7.10
310(b)	7.03, 7.08, 7.10
310(c)	N/A
311(a)	7.11
311(b)	7.11
311(c)	N/A
312(a)	2.07
312(b)	2.07, 12.03
312(c)	2.07, 12.03
313(a)	7.06
313(b)	7.06
313(c)	7.06, 12.02
313(d)	7.06
314(a)	4.03
314(b)	N/A
314(c)	4.04, 12.05
314(d)	N/A
314(e)	12.05
314(f)	N/A
315(a)	7.01
315(b)	7.05
315(c)	7.01
315(d)	7.01
315(e)	6.11
316(a)(1)	6.04, 6.05
316(a)(2)	N/A
316(a) last sentence	2.11
316(b)	6.07
317(a)	6.08, 6.09
317(b)	2.06
318(a)	12.01
318(c)	12.01

* Note: This reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be a part of the Indenture

iv

INDENTURE dated as of                      between Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust, a Pennsylvania business trust, and                      , as Trustee.

The Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the issuance from time to time of its secured or unsecured subordinated debentures, notes, bonds or other evidences of indebtedness (“Securities”) to be issued in one or more series as herein provided.

All things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement of the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.

For and in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the Securities by the Holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed as follows for the equal and ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities:

ARTICLE 1.

DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION

BY REFERENCE

SECTION 1.01. DEFINITIONS.

“Affiliate” of any specified Person means any other Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with such specified Person. For purposes of this definition, “control” (including, with correlative meanings, the terms “controlling,” “controlled by” and “under common control with”), as used with respect to any Person, shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of such Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by agreement or otherwise; provided, however, that beneficial ownership of 10% or more of the voting securities of a Person shall be deemed to be control.

“Agent” means any Registrar or Paying Agent.

“Agent Members” has the meaning specified in Section 2.15.

“Bankruptcy Law” means Title 11, U.S. Code or any similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors.

“Board” or “Board of Trustees” means the Board of Trustees of the Company or any authorized committee of the Board of Trustees.

“Board Resolution” means a resolution of the Board of Trustees.

“Business Day” means any day other than a Legal Holiday.

“Capital Lease Obligation” means, at the time any determination thereof is to be made, the amount of the liability in respect of a capital lease that would at such time be required to be capitalized on a balance sheet in accordance with GAAP.

“Clearstream” means Clearstream Banking, a société anonyme (or any successor securities clearing agency).

“Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

“Company” means Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust, a Pennsylvania business trust, and any and all successors thereto.

“Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee” shall be the address of the Trustee specified in Section 12.02 hereof or such other address as to which the Trustee may give notice to the Company.

“Credit Facility” means any principal bank or institutional credit facility of the Company identified in any supplemental indenture establishing a series of Securities, including any amendment, supplement, modification, restatement, replacement, refunding or refinancing.

“Custodian” means the Trustee, as custodian with respect to Securities in global form, or any successor entity thereto.

“Default” means any event that is, or with the passage of time or the giving of notice or both would be, an Event of Default.

“Depositary” means, with respect to any series of Securities issuable or issued in whole or in part in global form, the Person specified in Section 2.05 hereof as the Depositary with respect to the Global Securities of that series, and any and all successors thereto registered and in good standing as a clearing agency under the Exchange Act, appointed as depositary hereunder and having become such pursuant to the applicable provision of this Indenture.

“Euroclear” means Euroclear Bank S.A./N.V., as operator of the Euroclear system (or any successor clearing agency).

“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

“GAAP” means United States generally accepted accounting principles.

“Global Securities” means, individually and collectively, the Securities issued in global form issued in accordance with Sections 2.01, 2.08 and 2.15 hereof.

“Hedging Obligations” means, with respect to any Person, the obligations of such Person under (i) interest rate swap agreements, interest rate cap agreements and interest rate collar agreements and (ii) other agreements or arrangements designed to protect such Person against fluctuations in interest rates.

“Holder” means a Person in whose name a Security is registered.

“Indebtedness” means, with respect to any Person, any indebtedness of such Person, whether or not contingent, in respect of borrowed money or evidenced by bonds, securities, debentures or similar instruments or letters of credit (or reimbursement agreements in respect thereof) or banker’s acceptances or representing any Capital Lease Obligations or the balance deferred and unpaid of the purchase price of any property or representing any Hedging Obligations, except any such balance that constitutes an accrued expense or trade payable, if and to the extent any of the foregoing indebtedness (other than letters of credit and Hedging Obligations) would appear as a liability upon a balance sheet of such Person prepared in accordance with GAAP, as well as all indebtedness of others secured by a lien on any asset of such Person (whether or not such indebtedness is assumed by such Person) and, to the extent not otherwise included, the guarantee by such Person of any indebtedness of any other Person. The amount of Indebtedness of any Person at any date shall be the outstanding balance at such date of all unconditional obligations as described above and the maximum liability, upon the occurrence of the contingency giving rise to the obligation, of any contingent obligations at such date; provided that the amount outstanding at any time of any Indebtedness issued with original issue discount is the full amount of such Indebtedness less the remaining unamortized portion of the original issue discount of such Indebtedness at such time as determined in conformity with GAAP. The amount of any Indebtedness outstanding as of any date shall be (i) the accreted value thereof, in the case of any Indebtedness issued with original issue discount and (ii) the principal amount thereof, together with any interest thereon that is more than 30 days past due, in the case of any other Indebtedness.

“Indenture” means this Subordinated Indenture, as amended, waived or supplemented from time to time and shall include and incorporate by reference the forms and terms of particular series of Securities established as contemplated hereunder.

2

“Indirect Participant” means a Person who holds a beneficial interest in a Global Security through a Participant.

“Interest Payment Date” when used with respect to any Security, means the Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on such Security.

“Legal Holiday” means a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which banking institutions in the City of New York or at a place of payment are authorized by law, regulation or executive order to remain closed. If a payment date is a Legal Holiday at a place of payment, payment may be made at that place on the next succeeding day that is not a Legal Holiday, and no interest shall accrue on such payment for the intervening period.

“Obligations” means any principal, interest, penalties, fees, indemnifications, reimbursements, damages and other liabilities payable (1) under this Indenture or the applicable Securities, or (2) under Senior Debt.

“Officer” means, with respect to any Person, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Chief Operating Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, the Treasurer, any Assistant Treasurer, the Controller, the principal accounting officer, the Secretary, any Assistant Secretary, any Vice President or any Assistant Vice President of such Person.

“Officers’ Certificate” means a certificate signed on behalf of the Company by two Officers of the Company, one of whom must be the principal executive officer, the principal financial officer, the treasurer or the principal accounting officer of the Company, that meets the requirements of Section 12.05 hereof.

“Opinion of Counsel” means an opinion from legal counsel that meets the requirements of Section 12.05 hereof. The counsel may be an employee of or counsel to the Company, any Subsidiary of the Company or the Trustee.

“Pari Passu Series” means, with reference to any series of Securities, all series of Securities (including the referent series) that by their terms rank on a parity in right of payment with the referent series, except that no series that is convertible into equity securities of the Company is a Pari Passu Series with reference to any series that is not so convertible.

“Participant” means, with respect to the Depositary, Euroclear or Clearstream, a Person who has an account with the Depositary, Euroclear or Clearstream.

“Person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, association, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or government or agency or political subdivision thereof.

“Responsible Officer” when used with respect to the Trustee, means any officer within the Corporate Trust Administration department of the Trustee (or any successor group of the Trustee) or any other officer of the Trustee customarily performing functions similar to those performed by any of the above designated officers and also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter, any other officer to whom such matter is referred because of his knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject.

“SEC” means the Securities and Exchange Commission.

“Securities” has the meaning assigned to it in the preamble to this Indenture.

“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

“Senior Bank Debt” means the Indebtedness (including letters of credit) outstanding under the Credit Facility as such agreement may be restated, further amended, supplemented or otherwise modified or replaced from time to time hereafter, together with any refunding or replacement of such Indebtedness.

3

“Senior Debt” means any Indebtedness unless the instrument under which such Indebtedness is incurred expressly provides that it is on a parity with or subordinated in right of payment to the Securities. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, Senior Debt includes Obligations under the Credit Facility, Obligations under the Senior Indenture, Obligations under the Senior Subordinated Indenture, and Obligations under any securities issued under the Senior Indenture or the Senior Subordinated Indenture. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the foregoing, Senior Debt will not include (a) any liability for federal, state, local or other taxes owed or owing by the Company, (b) Indebtedness of the Company to any of its Subsidiaries or other Affiliates, (c) any trade payables or (d) any Indebtedness that is incurred in violation of this Indenture.

“Senior Indenture” means the Senior Indenture dated the date hereof between the Company and                 , as Trustee, as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time.

“Senior Subordinated Indenture” means the Senior Subordinated Indenture dated the date hereof between the Company and                 , as Trustee, as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time.

“Significant Subsidiary” means any Subsidiary that would be a “significant subsidiary” as defined in Article 1, Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X, promulgated pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Regulation is in effect on the date of this Indenture.

“Stated Maturity” means, with respect to the payment of any interest or principal on any series of Securities, the date on which such payment of interest or principal is scheduled to be paid thereon by its terms as in effect from time to time, and does not include any contingent obligation to repay, redeem or repurchase any such interest or principal prior to the date scheduled for the payment thereof.

“Subsidiary” means, with respect to any Person, (i) any corporation, association or other business entity of which more than 50% of the total voting power of shares of capital stock or other equity interests entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors, managers or trustees thereof is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such Person or one or more of the other Subsidiaries of such Person (or a combination thereof) and (ii) any partnership (a) the sole general partner or the managing general partner of which is such a Person or a Subsidiary of such Person or (b) the only general partners of which are such Person or one or more Subsidiaries of such Person (or any combination thereof.)

“TIA” means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (15 U.S.C. §§ 77aaa-77bbbb as amended) as in effect on the date on which this Indenture is qualified under the TIA.

“Trustee” means the party named as such above until a successor replaces it in accordance with the applicable provisions of this Indenture and thereafter means the successor serving hereunder.

“U.S. Government Obligations” means securities that are (i) direct obligations of the United States of America for the payment of which its full faith and credit is pledged or (ii) obligations of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States of America the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the United States of America, which, in either case under clauses (i) or (ii), are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof, and shall also include a depository receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to any such U.S. Government Obligation or a specific payment of interest on or principal of any such U.S. Government Obligation held by such custodian for the account of the holder of a depository receipt, provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depository receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the U.S. Government Obligation or the specific payment of interest on or principal of the U.S. Government Obligation evidenced by such depository receipt.

4

SECTION 1.02. OTHER DEFINITIONS

Term	Defined in Section
“Act”		1.05
“Authentication Order”		2.04
“Covenant Defeasance”		8.03
“custodian”		6.01
“Designated Senior Debt”		10.02
“distribution”		10.02
“Event of Default”		6.01
“Legal Defeasance”		8.02
“Notice of Default”		6.01
“Outstanding”		8.02
“Paying Agent”		2.05
“Payment Blockage Notice”		10.04
“Registrar”		2.05
“Representative”		10.02

SECTION 1.03. INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE OF TRUST INDENTURE ACT.

Whenever this Indenture refers to a provision of the TIA, the provision is incorporated by reference in and made a part of this Indenture.

The following TIA terms used in this Indenture have the following meanings:

“indenture security holder” means a Holder of a Security;

“indenture to be qualified” means this Indenture;

“indenture trustee” or “institutional trustee” means the Trustee;

“obligor” on the Securities means the Company and any successor obligor upon the Securities.

All other terms used in this Indenture that are defined by the TIA, defined by TIA reference to another statute or defined by SEC rule under the TIA and not otherwise defined herein have the meanings so assigned to them.

SECTION 1.04. RULES OF CONSTRUCTION.

For the purposes of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise requires:

(1)    a term has the meaning assigned to it;

(2)    an accounting term not otherwise defined has the meaning assigned to it in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles;

(3)    “or” is not exclusive;

(4)    words in the singular include the plural, and in the plural include the singular;

(5)    provisions apply to successive events and transactions; and

(6)    references to sections of or rules under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act shall be deemed to include substitute, replacement and successor sections or rules adopted by the SEC from time to time.

SECTION 1.05. ACTS OF HOLDERS.

(a)    Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided or permitted by this Indenture to be given or taken by Holders may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments of substantially similar tenor signed by such Holders, in person or by an agent duly appointed in writing or may be embodied in and evidenced by the record of Holders voting in favor thereof, either in person or by proxies

5

duly appointed in writing, at any meeting of Holders duly called and held in accordance with the provisions of Article 11, or a combination of such instruments or record and, except as herein otherwise expressly provided, such action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments or record or both are delivered to the Trustee and, where it is hereby expressly required, to the Company. Such instrument or instruments and any such record (and the action embodied therein and evidenced thereby) are herein sometimes referred to as the “Act” of Holders signing such instrument or instruments and so voting at any such meeting. Proof of execution of any such instrument or of a writing appointing any such agent or proxy shall be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture and conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the Company, if made in the manner provided in this Section and Section 11.06. The record of any meeting of Holders shall be proved in the manner provided in Section 11.06.

(b)    Without limiting the generality of this Section, unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, a Holder, including a Depositary that is a Holder of a Global Security, may make, give or take, by a proxy, or proxies, duly appointed in writing, any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided in or pursuant to this Indenture to be made, given or taken by Holders, and a Depositary that is a Holder of a Global Security may provide its proxy or proxies to the beneficial owners of interests in any such Global Security through such Depositary’s standing instructions and customary practices.

(c)    The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such instrument or writing may be proved in any manner which the Trustee deems sufficient.

(d)    The ownership of Securities shall be proved by the Register.

ARTICLE 2.

THE SECURITIES

SECTION 2.01. FORM AND DATING.

(a)    General. The Securities of each series shall be in substantially such form as shall be established by or pursuant to a Board Resolution or in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in each case with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as are required or permitted by this Indenture, and may have such letters, numbers or other marks of identification and such legends or endorsements placed thereon as may be required to comply with the rules of any applicable securities exchange, organizational document, governing instrument or law or as may, consistently herewith, be determined by the officers executing such Securities as evidenced by their execution of the Securities. If temporary Securities of any series are issued as permitted by Section 2.12, the form thereof also shall be established as provided in the preceding sentence. If the forms of Securities of any series are established by, or by action taken pursuant to, a Board Resolution, a copy of the Board Resolution, certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by the Board of Trustees and to be in full force and effect on the date of the certificate, together with an appropriate record of any such action taken pursuant thereto, including a copy of the approved form of Securities, shall be delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Authentication Order contemplated by Section 2.04 or 2.12, as applicable, for the authentication and delivery of such Securities. The Trustee’s certificate of authentication shall be in substantially the following form:

This is one of the Securities of the series described in the within-mentioned Indenture.

as Trustee
By:
	Authorized Signatory

(b)    Global Securities. If Securities of or within a series are issuable in whole or in part in global form, any such Security may provide that it shall represent the aggregate or specified amount of outstanding Securities from time to time endorsed thereon and may also provide that the aggregate amount of outstanding Securities represented thereby may from time to time be reduced or increased to reflect exchanges. Any endorsement of a Security in global form to reflect the amount, or any increase or decrease in the amount, or changes in the rights of

6

Holders, of outstanding Securities represented thereby, shall be made in such manner and by such Person or Persons as shall be specified therein or upon the written order of the Company signed by an Officer to be delivered to the Trustee pursuant to Section 2.04 or 2.12. Subject to the provisions of Section 2.04, Section 2.12, if applicable, and Section 2.08, the Trustee shall deliver and redeliver any Security in permanent global form in the manner and upon instructions given by the Person or Persons specified therein or in the applicable written order of the Company signed by an Officer. Any instructions by the Company with respect to endorsement or delivery or redelivery of a Security in global form shall be in writing.

The provisions of the last paragraph of Section 2.04 shall apply to any Security in global form if such Security was never issued and sold by the Company.

Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 2.01, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.02, payment of principal of, premium, if any, and interest on any Security in permanent global form shall be made to the Holder thereof.

SECTION 2.02. AMOUNT UNLIMITED; ISSUABLE IN SERIES

(a)    The aggregate principal amount of Securities which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be issued from time to time in one or more series.

(b)    The following matters shall be established with respect to each series of Securities issued hereunder (i) by a Board Resolution, (ii) by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution and set forth, or determined in the manner provided, in an Officers’ Certificate or (iii) in one or more indentures supplemental hereto:

(1)    the title of the Securities of the series (which title shall distinguish the Securities of the series from all other series of Securities);

(2)    any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of the series which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (which limit shall not pertain to Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of the series pursuant to Section 2.08, 2.09, 2.12, 3.06 or 9.05 or any Securities that, pursuant to Section 2.04, are deemed never to have been authenticated and delivered hereunder);

(3)    the date or dates on which the principal of and premium, if any, on the Securities of the series is payable or the method or methods of determination thereof;

(4)    the rate or rates at which the Securities of the series shall bear interest, if any, or the method or methods of calculating such rate or rates of interest, the date or dates from which such interest shall accrue or the method or methods by which such date or dates shall be determined, the Interest Payment Dates on which any such interest shall be payable, the right, if any, of the Company to defer or extend an Interest Payment Date, the record date, if any, for the interest payable on any Security on any Interest Payment Date, and the basis upon which interest shall be calculated if other than that of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months;

(5)    the place or places where the principal of, premium, if any, and interest, if any, on Securities of the series shall be payable, any Securities of the series may be surrendered for registration of transfer, Securities of the series may be surrendered for exchange and notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of the series and this Indenture may be served and notices to Holders pursuant to Section 12.02 will be published;

(6)    the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which, the currency or currencies (including currency unit or units) in which, and the other terms and conditions upon which, Securities of the series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company and, if other than as provided in Section 3.02, the manner in which the particular Securities of such series (if less than all Securities of such series are to be redeemed) are to be selected for redemption;

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(7)    the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or purchase Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions or upon the happening of a specified event or at the option of a Holder thereof and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which, the currency or currencies (including currency unit or units) in which, and the other terms and conditions upon which, Securities of the series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;

(8)    if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof, the denominations in which Securities of the series shall be issuable;

(9)    if other than U.S. dollars, the currency or currencies (including currency unit or units) in which the principal of, premium, if any, and interest, if any, on the Securities of the series shall be payable, or in which the Securities of the series shall be denominated, and the particular provisions applicable;

(10)    if the payments of principal of, premium, if any, or interest, if any, on the Securities of the series are to be made, at the election of the Company or a Holder, in a currency or currencies (including currency unit or units) other than that in which such Securities are denominated or designated to be payable, the currency or currencies (including currency unit or units) in which such payments are to be made, the terms and conditions of such payments and the manner in which the exchange rate with respect to such payments shall be determined, and the particular provisions applicable thereto;

(11)    if the amount of payments of principal of, premium, if any, and interest, if any, on the Securities of the series shall be determined with reference to an index, formula or other method (which index, formula or method may be based, without limitation, on a currency or currencies (including currency unit or units) other than that in which the Securities of the series are denominated or designated to be payable), the index, formula or other method by which such amounts shall be determined and any special voting or defeasance provisions in connection therewith;

(12)    if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of such Securities of the series which shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration thereof pursuant to Section 6.02 or the method by which such portion shall be determined;

(13)    the Person to whom any interest on any Security of the series shall be payable;

(14)    provisions, if any, granting special rights to the Holders of Securities of the series upon the occurrence of such events as may be specified;

(15)    any deletions from, modifications of or additions to the Events of Default set forth in Section 6.01 or covenants of the Company set forth in Article 4 pertaining to the Securities of the series;

(16)    under what circumstances, if any, and with what procedures and documentation the Company will pay additional amounts on the Securities of that series held by a Person who is not a U.S. Person (including any definition of such term) in respect of taxes, assessments or similar charges withheld or deducted and, if so, whether the Company will have the option to redeem such Securities rather than pay such additional amounts (and the terms of any such option);

(17)    the forms of the Securities of the series;

(18)    the applicability, if any, to the Securities of the series of Sections 8.02 and 8.03, or such other means of defeasance or covenant defeasance as may be specified for the Securities of such series;

(19)    if other than the Trustee, the identity of the Registrar and any Paying Agent;

(20)    if the Securities of the series shall be issued in whole or in part in global form, (A) the Depositary for such Global Securities, (B) whether beneficial owners of interests in any Securities of the series in global form may exchange such interests for certificated Securities of such series, to be registered in the names of or to be held by such beneficial owners or their nominees and to be of like tenor of any authorized form and denomination, and (C) if other than as provided in Section 2.08, the circumstances under which any such exchange may occur;

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(21)    the designation of the Depositary;

(22)    any restrictions on the registration, transfer or exchange of the Securities;

(23)    if the Securities of the series may be issued or delivered (whether upon original issuance or upon exchange of a temporary Security of such series or otherwise), or any installment of principal or interest is payable, only upon receipt of certain certificates or other documents or satisfaction of other conditions in addition to those specified in this Indenture, the form and terms of such certificates, documents or conditions;

(24)    the terms and conditions of any right to convert or exchange Securities of the series into or for other securities or property of the Company;

(25)    whether the Securities are secured or unsecured, and if secured, the security and related terms in connection therewith;

(26)    the relative degree, if any, to which the Securities of the series shall be senior to or be subordinated to other series of Securities in right of payment, whether such other series of Securities are outstanding or not;

(27)    any modification of the subordination provisions of this Indenture (including applicable definitions) that are to apply to Securities of the series; and

(28)    any other terms of the series including any terms which may be required by or advisable under United States laws or regulations or advisable (as determined by the Company) in connection with the marketing of Securities of the series.

(c)    All Securities of any one series shall be substantially identical except as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided (i) by a Board Resolution, (ii) by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution and set forth, or determined in the manner provided, in the related Officers’ Certificate or (iii) in an indenture supplemental hereto. All Securities of any one series need not be issued at the same time and, unless otherwise provided, a series may be reopened, without the consent of the Holders, for issuances of additional Securities of such series.

(d)    If any of the terms of the Securities of any series are established by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution, a copy of such Board Resolution shall be delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Officers’ Certificate setting forth, or providing the manner for determining, the terms of the Securities of such series, and an appropriate record of any action taken pursuant thereto in connection with the issuance of any Securities of such series shall be delivered to the Trustee prior to the authentication and delivery thereof.

SECTION 2.03. DENOMINATIONS.

Unless otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 2.02, Securities of a series denominated in U.S. dollars shall be issuable in denominations of U.S. $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof. Securities denominated in a foreign currency shall be issuable in such denominations as are established with respect to such Securities in or pursuant to this Indenture.

SECTION 2.04. EXECUTION AND AUTHENTICATION.

An Officer shall sign the Securities for the Company by manual or facsimile signature.

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If an Officer whose signature is on a Security no longer holds that office at the time a Security is authenticated, the Security shall nevertheless be valid.

A Security shall not be valid until authenticated by the manual signature of the Trustee. The signature shall be conclusive evidence that the Security has been authenticated under this Indenture.

The Trustee shall, upon a written order of the Company signed by an Officer (an “Authentication Order”), together with an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, authenticate Securities for original issue in the aggregate principal amount stated in the Authentication Order. The Officer’s Certificate and Opinion of Counsel shall each state that all conditions precedent provided for or relating to the issuance of such Securities have been complied with.

The Trustee may appoint an authenticating agent acceptable to the Company to authenticate Securities. An authenticating agent may authenticate Securities whenever the Trustee may do so. Each reference in this Indenture to authentication by the Trustee includes authentication by such agent. An authenticating agent has the same rights as an Agent to deal with Holders or an Affiliate of the Company.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any Security shall have been authenticated and delivered hereunder but never issued and sold by the Company, and the Company shall deliver such Security to the Trustee for cancellation as provided in Section 2.13 together with a written statement stating that such Security has never been issued and sold by the Company, for all purposes of this Indenture such Security shall be deemed never to have been authenticated and delivered hereunder and shall not be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture.

SECTION 2.05. REGISTRAR AND PAYING AGENT; APPOINTMENT OF DEPOSITARY.

The Company shall maintain an office or agency where Securities may be presented for registration of transfer or for exchange (“Registrar”) and an office or agency where Securities may be presented for payment (“Paying Agent”). The Registrar shall keep a register of the Securities and of their transfer and exchange. The Company may appoint one or more co-registrars and one or more additional paying agents. The term “Registrar” includes any co-registrar and the term “Paying Agent” includes any additional paying agent. The Company may change any Paying Agent or Registrar without notice to any Holder. The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee in writing of the name and address of any Agent not a party to this Indenture. If the Company fails to appoint or maintain another entity as Registrar or Paying Agent, the Trustee shall act as such. The Company or any of its Subsidiaries may act as Paying Agent or Registrar.

The Company initially appoints The Depository Trust Company to act as Depositary with respect to the Global Securities.

The Company initially appoints the Trustee to act as the Registrar and Paying Agent with respect to the Securities and to act as Custodian with respect to the Global Securities.

SECTION 2.06. PAYING AGENT TO HOLD MONEY IN TRUST.

The Company shall require each Paying Agent other than the Trustee to agree in writing that the Paying Agent will hold in trust for the benefit of Holders or the Trustee all money held by the Paying Agent for the payment of principal, premium or interest on the Securities or other payment in respect of the Securities or otherwise held by it as Paying Agent, and will notify the Trustee of any default by the Company in making any such payment when due. While any such default continues, the Trustee may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. The Company at any time may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. Upon payment over to the Trustee, the Paying Agent (if other than the Company or a Subsidiary) shall have no further liability for the money. If the Company or a Subsidiary acts as Paying Agent, it shall segregate and hold in a separate trust fund for the benefit of the Holders all money held by it as Paying Agent. Upon any bankruptcy or reorganization proceedings relating to the Company, the Trustee shall serve as Paying Agent for the Securities.

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SECTION 2.07. HOLDER LISTS.

The Trustee shall preserve in as current a form as is reasonably practicable the most recent list available to it of the names and addresses of all Holders and shall otherwise comply with TIA § 312. If the Trustee is not the Registrar, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee at least seven Business Days before each Interest Payment Date and at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing, a list in such form and as of such date as the Trustee may reasonably require of the names and addresses of the Holders of Securities, and the Company shall otherwise comply with TIA § 312.

SECTION 2.08. TRANSFER AND EXCHANGE.

(a)    Upon surrender for registration of transfer of any certificated Security of any series at the office or agency maintained pursuant to Section 4.02 in a place of payment for that series, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in the name of the designated transferee or transferees, one or more new certificated Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations and of a same aggregate principal amount and like tenor and containing identical terms and provisions.

(b)    At the option of the Holder, Securities of any series (except a Security in global form) may be exchanged for other Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations, of a same aggregate principal amount and like tenor and containing identical terms and provisions, upon surrender of the Securities to be exchanged at such office or agency. Whenever any Securities are so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, the Securities which the Holder making the exchange is entitled to receive.

(c)    Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section, unless and until it is exchanged in whole or in part for Securities in certificated form, a Security in global form representing all or a portion of the Securities of a series may not be transferred except as a whole by the Depositary for such series to a nominee of such Depositary or by a nominee of such Depositary to such Depositary or another nominee of such Depositary or by such Depositary or any such nominee to a successor Depositary for such series or a nominee of such successor Depositary.

(d)    If at any time the Depositary for the Securities of a series notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for the Securities of such series or if at any time the Depositary for the Securities of such series shall no longer be registered and in good standing as a clearing agency under the Exchange Act, the Company shall appoint a successor Depositary with respect to the Securities of such series. If a successor Depositary for the Securities of such series is not appointed by the Company prior to the resignation of the Depositary and, in any event, within 90 days after the Company receives such notice or becomes aware of such ineligibility, the Company’s designation of the Depositary pursuant to Section 2.02(b)(21) shall no longer be effective with respect to the Securities of such series and the Company shall execute, and the Trustee, upon receipt of an Authentication Order for the authentication and delivery of certificated Securities of such series of like tenor, shall authenticate and deliver, Securities of such series of like tenor in certificated form, in authorized denominations and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Security or Securities of such series of like tenor in global form in exchange for such Security or Securities in global form.

(e)    The Company may at any time in its sole discretion determine that all (but not less than all) Securities of a series issued in global form shall no longer be represented by such a Security or Securities in global form. In such event the Company shall execute, and the Trustee, upon receipt of an Authentication Order for the authentication and delivery of certificated Securities of such series of like tenor, shall authenticate and deliver, Securities of such series of like tenor in certificated form, in authorized denominations and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Security or Securities of such series of like tenor in global form in exchange for such Security or Securities in global form.

(f)    If specified by the Company pursuant to Section 2.02 or this Section 2.08 with respect to a series of Securities, the Depositary for such series may surrender a Security in global form of such series in exchange in whole or in part for Securities of such series in certificated form on such terms as are acceptable to the Company and the Depositary. Thereupon, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, without service charge,

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(i) to each Person specified by the Depositary a new certificated Security or Securities of the same series of like tenor, of any authorized denomination as requested by such Person in aggregate principal amount equal to and in exchange for such Person’s beneficial interest in the Security in global form; and

(ii) to the Depositary a new Security in global form of like tenor in a denomination equal to the difference, if any, between the principal amount of the surrendered Security in global form and the aggregate principal amount of certificated Securities delivered to Holders thereof.

(g)    Upon the exchange of a Security in global form for Securities in certificated form, such Security in global form shall be canceled by the Trustee. Securities in certificated form issued in exchange for a Security in global form pursuant to this Section shall be registered in such names and in such authorized denominations as the Depositary for such Security in global form, pursuant to instructions from its direct or Indirect Participants or otherwise, shall instruct the Trustee in writing. The Trustee shall deliver such Securities to the Persons in whose names such Securities are so registered.

(h)    Whenever any Securities are surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, the Securities which the Holder making the exchange is entitled to receive.

(i)    All Securities issued upon any registration of transfer or upon any exchange of Securities shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing the same debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Securities surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange.

(j)    Every Security presented or surrendered for registration of transfer or for exchange shall (if so required by the Company, the Registrar or the Trustee) be duly endorsed, or be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company, the Registrar and the Trustee duly executed by the Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing.

(k)    No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or for any exchange of Securities, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any registration or transfer or exchange of Securities, other than exchanges pursuant to Section 2.12 or 3.06 not involving any transfer.

(l)    The Company shall not be required (i) to issue, register the transfer of, or exchange any Securities for a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before any selection for redemption of Securities of like tenor and of the series of which such Security is a part and ending at the close of business on the earliest date on which the relevant notice of redemption is deemed to have been given to all Holders of Securities of like tenor and of such series to be redeemed; or (ii) to register the transfer of or exchange any Security so selected for redemption, in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any Security being redeemed in part.

(m)    The foregoing provisions relating to registration, transfer and exchange may be modified, supplemented or superseded with respect to any series of Securities by a Board Resolution or in one or more indentures supplemental hereto.

(n)    At such time as all beneficial interests in a particular Global Security have been exchanged for certificated Securities or a particular Global Security has been redeemed, repurchased or canceled in whole and not in part, each such Global Security shall be returned to or retained and canceled by the Trustee in accordance with Section 2.13 hereof. At any time prior to such cancellation, if any beneficial interest in a Global Security is exchanged for or transferred to a Person who will take delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in another Global Security or for certificated Securities, the principal amount of Securities represented by such Global Security shall be reduced accordingly and an endorsement shall be made on such Global Security by the Trustee or by the Depositary at the direction of the Trustee to reflect such reduction; and if the beneficial interest is being exchanged for or transferred to a Person who will take delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in another Global Security, such other Global Security shall be increased accordingly and an endorsement shall be made on such Global Security by the Trustee or by the Depositary at the direction of the Trustee to reflect such increase.

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(o)    Prior to due presentment for the registration of a transfer of any Security, the Trustee, any Agent and the Company may deem and treat the Person in whose name any Security is registered as the absolute owner of such Security for the purpose of receiving payment of principal of and interest on such Securities and for all other purposes, and neither the Trustee, any Agent nor the Company shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

SECTION 2.09. REPLACEMENT SECURITIES.

If any mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee or the Company and the Trustee receives evidence to its satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security, the Company shall issue and the Trustee, upon receipt of an Authentication Order, shall authenticate a replacement Security if the Trustee’s requirements are met. If required by the Trustee or the Company, an indemnity bond must be supplied by the Holder that is sufficient in the judgment of the Trustee and the Company to protect the Company, the Trustee, any Agent and any authenticating agent from any loss that any of them may suffer if a Security is replaced. The Company may charge for its expenses in replacing a Security.

Every replacement Security is an additional obligation of the Company and shall be entitled to all of the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with all other Securities duly issued hereunder.

SECTION 2.10. OUTSTANDING SECURITIES.

The Securities outstanding at any time are all the Securities authenticated by the Trustee except for those canceled by it, those delivered to it for cancellation, those reductions in the interest in a Global Security effected by the Trustee in accordance with the provisions hereof, and those described in this Section as not outstanding. Except as set forth in Section 2.11 hereof, a Security does not cease to be outstanding because the Company or an Affiliate of the Company holds the Security.

If a Security is replaced pursuant to Section 2.09 hereof, it ceases to be outstanding unless the Trustee receives proof satisfactory to it that the replaced Security is held by a “protected purchaser” (within the meaning of Article 8 of the Uniform Commercial Code) or a Person with comparable status under other applicable law.

If the principal amount of any Security is considered paid under Section 4.01 hereof, it ceases to be outstanding and interest on it ceases to accrue.

If the Paying Agent (other than the Company, a Subsidiary of the Company or an Affiliate of any thereof) holds, on a redemption date or maturity date, money sufficient to pay Securities payable on that date, then on and after that date such Securities shall be deemed to be no longer outstanding and shall cease to accrue interest.

SECTION 2.11. TREASURY SECURITIES.

In determining whether the Holders of the required principal amount of Securities have concurred in any direction, waiver or consent, Securities owned by the Company, or by any Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with the Company, shall be considered as though not outstanding, except that for the purposes of determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such direction, waiver or consent, only Securities that the Trustee knows are so owned shall be so disregarded.

SECTION 2.12. TEMPORARY SECURITIES.

Until certificates representing Securities are ready for delivery, the Company may prepare and the Trustee, upon receipt of an Authentication Order, shall authenticate temporary Securities. Temporary Securities shall be substantially in the form of definitive Securities but may have variations that the Company considers appropriate for temporary Securities and as shall be reasonably acceptable to the Trustee. Without unreasonable delay, the Company shall prepare and the Trustee shall authenticate definitive Securities in exchange for temporary Securities.

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Holders of temporary Securities shall be entitled to all of the benefits of this Indenture.

SECTION 2.13. PURCHASE AND CANCELLATION.

The Company at any time may deliver Securities to the Trustee for cancellation. The Registrar and Paying Agent shall forward to the Trustee any Securities surrendered to them for registration of transfer, exchange or payment. The Trustee and no one else shall cancel all Securities surrendered for registration of transfer, exchange, payment, replacement or cancellation and shall destroy canceled Securities (subject to the record retention requirement of the Exchange Act). Certification of the destruction of all canceled Securities shall be delivered to the Company. The Company may not issue new Securities to replace Securities that it has paid or that have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation.

The Company may, to the extent permitted by law, and directly or indirectly (regardless of whether such Securities are surrendered to the Company), repurchase Securities in the open market or otherwise, without giving prior notice to Holders, whether by the Company or the Company’s Subsidiaries or through a private or public tender or exchange offer or through counterparties to private agreements, including by cash-settled swaps or other derivatives. The Company may cause any Securities so repurchased (other than Securities repurchased pursuant to cash-settled swaps or other derivatives) to be surrendered to the Trustee for cancellation in accordance with this Section 2.13 and any such Securities shall no longer be considered outstanding under this Indenture upon such repurchase.

SECTION 2.14. DEFAULTED INTEREST.

If the Company defaults in a payment of interest on the Securities, it shall pay the defaulted interest in any lawful manner plus, to the extent lawful, interest payable on the defaulted interest, to the Persons who are Holders on a subsequent special record date, in each case at the rate provided in the Securities. The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of defaulted interest proposed to be paid on each Security and the date of the proposed payment. The Company shall fix or cause to be fixed each such special record date and payment date, provided that no such special record date shall be less than 10 days prior to the related payment date for such defaulted interest. At least 15 days before the special record date, the Company (or, upon the written request of the Company, the Trustee in the name and at the expense of the Company) shall mail or cause to be mailed to Holders a notice that states the special record date, the related payment date and the amount of such interest to be paid. Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section, each Security delivered under this Indenture upon registration of transfer of or in exchange for or in lieu of any other Security shall carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such other Security.

SECTION 2.15. BOOK-ENTRY PROVISIONS FOR GLOBAL SECURITIES.

(a)    Except as otherwise specified in any Security of any series or supplemental indenture with respect to such Securities, the Securities of each series issued hereunder shall initially be issued in the form of one or more Global Securities without interest coupons (i) registered in the name of Cede & Co., as nominee of the Depositary and (ii) delivered to the Trustees as custodian for the Depositary.

Members of, or participants in, the Depositary (“Agent Members”) shall have no rights under this Indenture with respect to any Global Security held on their behalf by the Depositary, or the Trustee as its custodian, or under the Global Security, and Cede & Co., or such other Person designated by the Depositary as its nominee, may be treated by the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee as the absolute owner of the Global Security for all purposes whatsoever. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing herein shall prevent the Company, the Trustee or any agent of the Company or the Trustee from giving effect to any written certification, proxy or other authorization furnished by the Depositary or impair, as between the Depositary and its Agent Members, the operation of customary practices governing the exercise of the rights of any Holder.

(b)    The Holder of Global Securities may grant proxies and otherwise authorize any Person, including Agent Members and Persons that may hold interests through Agent Members, to take any action that a Holder is entitled to take under this Indenture or the Securities.

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(c)    A legend in substantially the following form shall appear on the face of all Global Securities:

THIS SECURITY IS A GLOBAL SECURITY WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE INDENTURE HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AND IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF A DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE OF A DEPOSITARY. THIS SECURITY IS EXCHANGEABLE FOR SECURITIES REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF A PERSON OTHER THAN THE DEPOSITARY OR ITS NOMINEE ONLY IN THE LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES DESCRIBED IN THE INDENTURE, AND NO TRANSFER OF THIS SECURITY (OTHER THAN A TRANSFER OF THIS SECURITY AS A WHOLE BY THE DEPOSITARY TO A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY OR BY A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY TO THE DEPOSITARY OR ANOTHER NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY) MAY BE REGISTERED EXCEPT IN LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES.

UNLESS THIS SECURITY IS PRESENTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY, A NEW YORK CORPORATION (“DTC”), TO THE COMPANY OR ITS AGENT FOR REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER, EXCHANGE OR PAYMENT, AND ANY SECURITY ISSUED IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF CEDE & CO. OR IN SUCH OTHER NAME AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC (AND ANY PAYMENT HEREON IS MADE TO CEDE & CO. OR TO SUCH OTHER ENTITY AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC), ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR OTHER USE HEREOF FOR VALUE OR OTHERWISE BY OR TO ANY PERSON IS WRONGFUL INASMUCH AS THE REGISTERED OWNER HEREOF, CEDE & CO., HAS AN INTEREST HEREIN.

ARTICLE 3.

REDEMPTION AND PREPAYMENT

SECTION 3.01. APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE.

The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to the Securities of any series which are redeemable before their maturity or to any sinking fund for the retirement of Securities of a series except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.02 for Securities of such series or in any supplemental indenture with respect to such Securities.

SECTION 3.02. SELECTION OF SECURITIES TO BE REDEEMED.

If less than all of the Securities of any series are to be redeemed at any time, the Trustee shall select the Securities of such series to be redeemed among the Holders of the Securities of such series in compliance with the requirements of the principal national securities exchange, if any, on which the Securities of such series are listed or, if the Securities of such series are not so listed, to be redeemed among the Holders of Securities of such series on a pro rata basis, by lot or by such method as the Trustee deems fair and appropriate; provided that no Securities of $1,000 or less shall be redeemed in part. In the event of partial redemption by lot, the particular Securities of such series to be redeemed shall be selected, unless otherwise provided herein or otherwise agreed by the Company and the Trustee, by the Trustee from the outstanding Securities of the series not previously called for redemption.

The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company in writing of the Securities selected for redemption and, in the case of any Security selected for partial redemption, the principal amount thereof to be redeemed. Securities and portions of Securities selected shall be in amounts of $1,000 or whole multiples of $1,000; except that if all of the Securities of a series of a Holder are to be redeemed, the entire outstanding amount of Securities of such series held by such Holder, even if not a multiple of $1,000, shall be redeemed. A new Security of the same series in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion thereof will be issued in the name of the Holder thereof upon cancellation of the original Security. Securities called for redemption shall become due on the redemption date. On and after the redemption date, interest will cease to accrue on the Securities or portions of them called for redemption. Except as provided in this Section 3.02, provisions of this Indenture that apply to Securities called for redemption shall also apply to portions of Securities called for redemption.

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SECTION 3.03. NOTICE OF REDEMPTION.

At least 30 days but not more than 60 days before a redemption date, the Company shall mail or cause to be mailed, by first class mail, a notice of redemption to each Holder whose Securities are to be redeemed at its registered address.

The notice shall identify the Securities to be redeemed, including the series thereof, and shall state:

(a)    the redemption date;

(b)    the redemption price;

(c)    the name and address of the Paying Agent;

(d)    that Securities called for redemption must be surrendered to the Paying Agent to collect the redemption price;

(e)    that, unless the Company defaults in making such redemption payment, interest on Securities called for redemption will cease to accrue on and after the redemption date;

(f)    that any Security being redeemed in part, the portion of the principal amount of such Security to be redeemed and that, after the redemption date upon surrender of such Security, a new Security or Securities of the same series in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion shall be issued upon cancellation of the original;

(g)    the paragraph of the Securities and/or Section of this Indenture or any supplemental indenture with respect to such Securities pursuant to which the Securities called for redemption are being redeemed; and

(h)    that no representation is made as to the correctness or accuracy of the CUSIP number, if any, listed in such notice or printed on the Securities.

At the Company’s request, the Trustee shall give the notice of redemption in the Company’s name and at the Company’s expense; provided, however, that the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee, at least 30 days prior to the redemption date, an Officers’ Certificate requesting that the Trustee give such notice and setting forth the information to be stated in such notice as provided in the preceding paragraph.

SECTION 3.04. EFFECT OF NOTICE OF REDEMPTION.

Once notice of redemption is mailed in accordance with Section 3.03 hereof, Securities called for redemption become irrevocably due and payable on the redemption date at the redemption price. A notice of redemption may not be conditional.

SECTION 3.05. DEPOSIT OF REDEMPTION OR PURCHASE PRICE.

Not later than 10:00 a.m., Eastern Time, on the Business Day immediately preceding any redemption date, the Company shall deposit with the Trustee or with the Paying Agent money in immediately available funds sufficient to pay the redemption or purchase price of and accrued interest, if any, on all Securities to be redeemed or purchased on that date. The Trustee or the Paying Agent shall promptly return to the Company any money deposited with the Trustee or the Paying Agent by the Company in excess of the amounts necessary to pay the redemption or purchase price of, and accrued interest on, all Securities to be redeemed or purchased.

SECTION 3.06. SECURITIES REDEEMED OR PURCHASED IN PART.

Upon surrender of a Security that is redeemed or purchased in part, the Company shall issue and, upon the Company’s written request, the Trustee shall authenticate for the Holder at the expense of the Company a new Security of the same series equal in principal amount to the unredeemed or unpurchased portion of the Security surrendered.

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SECTION 3.07. MANDATORY REDEMPTION; SINKING FUND.

The Company shall not be required to make mandatory redemption or sinking fund payments with respect to the Securities, unless otherwise specified in the terms of a particular series of Securities or any supplemental indenture with respect to such Securities.

ARTICLE 4.

COVENANTS

SECTION 4.01. PAYMENT OF SECURITIES.

The Company shall pay or cause to be paid the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the Securities on the dates and in the manner provided in the Securities. Principal, premium, if any, and interest shall be considered paid on the date due if the Paying Agent, if other than the Company or a Subsidiary thereof, holds as of 10:00 a.m., Eastern Time, on the due date money deposited by the Company in immediately available funds and designated for and sufficient to pay all principal, premium, if any, and interest then due.

SECTION 4.02. MAINTENANCE OF OFFICE OR AGENCY.

The Company shall maintain in the Borough of Manhattan, the City of New York, an office or agency (which may be an office of the Trustee or an affiliate of the Trustee, Registrar or co-Registrar) where Securities may be surrendered for registration of transfer or for exchange and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities and this Indenture may be served. The Company shall give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the location, and any change in the location, of such office or agency. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be made or served at the Trustee’s principal agency in the Borough of Manhattan, the City of New York, which currently is located at.

The Company may also from time to time designate one or more other offices or agencies where the Securities may be presented or surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time to time rescind such designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain an office or agency in the Borough of Manhattan, the City of New York for such purposes. The Company shall give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation or rescission and of any change in the location of any such other office or agency.

SECTION 4.03. REPORTS.

(a)    The Company covenants and agrees to file with the Trustee, within 15 days after the Company is or would be required to file the same with the SEC, copies of the annual reports, quarterly reports and the information, documents and other reports which the Company is required to file with the SEC pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.

(b)    The Company covenants and agrees to file with the Trustee and the SEC, in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the SEC, such additional information, documents and reports with respect to compliance by the Company with the conditions and covenants provided for in this Indenture as may be required from time to time by such rules and regulations.

(c)    The Company covenants and agrees to furnish to the Trustee within 120 days of the end of each fiscal year, the compliance certificate required by Section 314(a)(4) of the Trust Indenture Act.

(d)    Delivery of such reports, information and documents to the Trustee is for informational purposes only and the Trustee’s receipt of such shall not constitute constructive notice of any information contained therein or determinable from information contained therein, including the Company’s compliance with any of its covenants

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hereunder (as to which the Trustee is entitled to rely exclusively on Officers’ Certificates). Any such document or report that the Company files with the SEC via the EDGAR system shall be deemed to be filed with the Trustee for purposes of this Section 4.03 as of the time such documents are filed via the EDGAR system.

SECTION 4.04. COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE.

(a)    The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within 90 days after the end of each fiscal year, an Officers’ Certificate stating that a review of the activities of the Company and its Subsidiaries during the preceding fiscal year has been made under the supervision of the signing Officers with a view to determining whether the Company has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled its obligations under this Indenture, and further stating, as to each such Officer signing such certificate, that to the best of his or her knowledge the Company has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled each and every covenant contained in this Indenture and is not in default in the performance or observance of any of the terms, provisions and conditions of this Indenture (or, if a Default, Event of Default or other instance of non-compliance with any of the terms of this Indenture shall have occurred, describing all such Defaults, Events of Default or instances of non-compliance of which he or she may have knowledge.

(b)    The Company shall, so long as any of the Securities are outstanding, deliver to the Trustee, forthwith upon any Officer of the Company becoming aware of any Default or Event of Default, an Officers’ Certificate specifying such Default or Event of Default and what action the Company is taking or proposes to take with respect thereto.

SECTION 4.05. CONTINUED EXISTENCE.

Subject to Article 5 hereof, the Company shall do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect (i) its existence as a business trust, and the corporate, partnership or other existence of each of its Significant Subsidiaries, in accordance with the respective organizational documents (as the same may be amended from time to time) of the Company or any such Significant Subsidiary and (ii) the rights (charter and statutory), licenses and franchises of the Company and any of its Significant Subsidiaries; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to preserve any such right, license or franchise, or the corporate, partnership or other existence of any of its Significant Subsidiaries, if the Board of Trustees shall determine that the preservation thereof is no longer desirable in the conduct of the business of the Company and its Significant Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, and that the loss thereof is not adverse in any material respect to the Holders of the Securities.

SECTION 4.06. STAY, EXTENSION AND USURY LAWS.

The Company covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it shall not at any time insist upon, plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay, extension or usury law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, that may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture; and the Company (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law, and covenants that it shall not, by resort to any such law, hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but shall suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law has been enacted.

ARTICLE 5

SUCCESSORS

SECTION 5.01. MERGER, CONSOLIDATION, OR SALE OF ASSETS.

The Company may consolidate or merge with or into, convert itself into, or sell, assign, transfer, lease, convey or otherwise dispose of (including any such disposition that might be deemed to occur as a result of the conversion of the Company into another form of organization) all or substantially all of its properties or assets in one or more related transactions, to another Person (other than an individual, a government or an agency or political subdivision of a government), but only if (a) either (i) the Company is the surviving entity or (ii) the Person formed by or surviving any such consolidation, merger or conversion (if other than the Company) or to which such sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition shall have been made is a Person organized or existing

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under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia; (b) the Person formed by or surviving any such consolidation, merger or conversion (if other than the Company) or the Person to which such sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition shall have been made assumes all the obligations of the Company under the Securities and this Indenture pursuant to a supplemental indenture in a form reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee; and (c) immediately after such transaction no Default or Event of Default exists. If the Company requests the Trustee to enter into any supplemental indenture, or to take any other action, as a result of such consolidation, merger, sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition, the Company will also furnish to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each to the effect that the conditions precedent set forth in this Section 5.01 have been complied with.

SECTION 5.02. SUCCESSOR PERSON SUBSTITUTED.

Upon any consolidation, merger or conversion, or any sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company in accordance with Section 5.01 hereof, the successor Person formed by such consolidation or into or with which the Company is merged or converted or to which such sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for (so that from and after the date of such consolidation, merger, conversion, sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition, the provisions of this Indenture referring to the “Company” shall refer instead to the successor Person and not to the Company), and may exercise every right and power of the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor Person had been named as the Company herein; provided, however, that the predecessor Company shall not be relieved from the obligation to pay the principal of and interest on the Securities except in the case of a sale of all of the Company’s assets that meets the requirements of Section 5.01 hereof.

ARTICLE 6.

DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES

SECTION 6.01. EVENTS OF DEFAULT.

An “Event of Default,” with respect to Securities of any series shall have occurred if:

(a)    the Company defaults in the payment when due of interest on, with respect to, any Security of that series and such default continues for a period of 30 days;

(b)    the Company defaults in the payment when due of principal of or premium, if any, on, or sinking fund payment with respect to, any Security of that series when the same becomes due and payable at maturity, upon redemption or otherwise;

(c)    the Company fails to observe or perform any other covenant, representation, warranty or other agreement in this Indenture, with respect to any Security of that series for 60 days after notice to comply;

(d)    the Company, pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law:

(i) commences a voluntary case,

(ii) consents to the entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case,

(iii) consents to the appointment of a custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its property,

(iv) makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors, or

(v) generally is not paying its debts as they become due;

(e)    a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any Bankruptcy Law that:

(i) is for relief against the Company in an involuntary case;

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(ii) appoints a custodian of the Company for all or substantially all of the property of the Company; or

(iii) orders the liquidation of the Company;

and the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 60 consecutive days; or

(f)    any other event provided with respect to Securities of that series in the terms thereof as contemplated by Section 2.02 hereof shall occur.

The term “custodian” as used in this Article 6 means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.

A Default under clause (c) with respect to the Securities of any series is not an Event of Default until the Trustee notifies the Company, or the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of such series and of all Pari Passu Series with respect to which such Default shall have occurred (treating such series and all Pari Passu Series as a single class) notify the Company and the Trustee, of the Default and the Company does not cure the Default within 60 days after receipt of the notice. The notice must specify the Default, demand that it be remedied and state that the notice is a “Notice of Default.”

SECTION 6.02. ACCELERATION.

If any Event of Default with respect to any series of Securities (other than an Event of Default specified in clause (d) or (e) of Section 6.01 hereof) occurs and is continuing, the Trustee or the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of such series and of all Pari Passu Series with respect to which such Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing (treating such series and all such Pari Passu Series as a single class) may declare all the Securities of such series and all such Pari Passu Securities to be due and payable immediately. Upon any such declaration, the principal of, premium, if any, and accrued and unpaid interest with respect to the Securities of all such series shall become due and payable immediately. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if an Event of Default specified in clause (d) or (e) of Section 6.01 hereof occurs with respect to the Company, all outstanding Securities of all series shall be due and payable immediately without further action or notice, provided that the payment of principal and interest on such Securities shall remain subordinated to the extent provided in Article 10.

SECTION 6.03. OTHER REMEDIES.

If an Event of Default occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may pursue any available remedy to collect the payment of principal, premium, if any, and interest on the Securities or to enforce the performance of any provision of the Securities or this Indenture.

The Trustee may maintain a proceeding even if it does not possess any of the Securities or does not produce any of them in the proceeding. A delay or omission by the Trustee or any Holder of a Security in exercising any right or remedy accruing upon an Event of Default shall not impair the right or remedy or constitute a waiver of or acquiescence in the Event of Default. All remedies are cumulative to the extent permitted by law.

SECTION 6.04. WAIVER OF PAST DEFAULTS; RESCISSION OF ACCELERATION.

Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of a series and of all Pari Passu Series affected (treating all such series as a single class) may, by notice to the Trustee on behalf of the Holders of all of the Securities of all such series, waive an existing Default or Event of Default and its consequences hereunder (including in connection with an offer to purchase or exchange), except a continuing Default or Event of Default in the payment of the principal of, premium, if any, interest on, or any sinking fund payment with respect to, the Securities of such series, and except a continuing Default or Event of Default under any provision of this

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Indenture that, under Section 9.02, cannot be modified or waived without the consent of a greater number of Holders or of each Holder affected. Upon any such waiver, such Default or Event of Default shall be deemed to have been cured for every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other Default or Event of Default or impair any right consequent thereon. The Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of a series and of all Pari Passu Series affected (treating all such series as a single class) may also rescind an acceleration and its consequences with respect to all such series, including any related payment default that resulted from such acceleration, but not including any other payment default.

SECTION 6.05. CONTROL BY MAJORITY.

Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of all Pari Passu Series with respect to which an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing (treating all such series as a single class) may direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for exercising any remedy available to the Trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on it; provided that

(i) such direction shall not be in conflict with any law or with this Indenture;

(ii) the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction; and

(iii) the Trustee need not take any action which might involve it in personal liability or be unduly prejudicial to the Holders of Securities of such series not joining therein.

SECTION 6.06. LIMITATION ON SUITS.

A Holder of a Security of any series may pursue a remedy with respect to this Indenture or the Securities of such series only if:

(a)    the Holder of a Security of any or all such series affected gives to the Trustee written notice of a continuing Event of Default;

(b)    the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of such series and of all Pari Passu Series affected (treating all such series as a single class) make a written request to the Trustee to pursue the remedy;

(c)    such Holder or Holders offer and, if requested, provide to the Trustee indemnity satisfactory to the Trustee against any loss, liability or expense;

(d)    the Trustee does not comply with the request within 60 days after receipt of the request and the offer and, if requested, the provision of indemnity; and

(e)    during such 60-day period the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of such series and of all Pari Passu Series affected (treating all such series as a single class) do not give the Trustee a direction inconsistent with the request.

A Holder of a Security may not use this Indenture to prejudice the rights of another Holder of a Security or to obtain a preference or priority over another Holder of a Security.

SECTION 6.07. RIGHTS OF HOLDERS OF SECURITIES TO RECEIVE PAYMENT.

Notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture, the right of any Holder of a Security of any series to receive payment of principal, premium, if any, and interest on such Security, on or after the respective due dates expressed in such Security (including in connection with an offer to purchase), or to bring suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after such respective dates, shall not be impaired or affected without the consent of such Holder.

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SECTION 6.08. COLLECTION SUIT BY TRUSTEE.

If an Event of Default specified in Section 6.01(a) or (b) occurs and is continuing with respect to any series of Securities, the Trustee is authorized to recover judgment in its own name and as Trustee of an express trust against the Company for the whole amount of principal of, premium, if any, and interest remaining unpaid on such Securities and interest on overdue principal and, to the extent lawful, interest and such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel.

SECTION 6.09. TRUSTEE MAY FILE PROOFS OF CLAIM.

The Trustee is authorized to file such proofs of claim and other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel) and the Holders of the Securities of any series allowed in any judicial proceedings relative to the Company (or any other obligor upon the Securities), its creditors or its property and shall be entitled and empowered to collect, receive and distribute any money or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and any custodian in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder to make such payments to the Trustee, and in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due to it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.07 hereof. To the extent that the payment of any such compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.07 hereof out of the estate in any such proceeding, shall be denied for any reason, payment of the same shall be secured by a lien on, and shall be paid out of, any and all distributions, dividends, money, securities and other properties that the Holders may be entitled to receive in such proceeding whether in liquidation or under any plan of reorganization or arrangement or otherwise. Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities of any series or the rights of any Holder, or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding.

SECTION 6.10. PRIORITIES.

If the Trustee collects any money or other property pursuant to this Article, it shall pay out the money or other property in the following order:

First: to the Trustee, its agents and attorneys for amounts due under Section 7.07 hereof, including payment of all compensation, expense and liabilities incurred, and all advances made, by the Trustee and the costs and expenses of collection;

Second: to Holders of Securities for amounts due and unpaid on the Securities for principal, premium, if any, interest and any other amounts, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on the Securities for principal, premium, if any, interest and other amounts, respectively; and

Third: to the Company or to such party as a court of competent jurisdiction shall direct.

The Trustee may fix a record date and payment date for any payment to Holders of Securities pursuant to this Section 6.10.

SECTION 6.11. UNDERTAKING FOR COSTS.

In any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken or omitted by it as a Trustee, a court in its discretion may require the filing by any party litigant in the suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of the suit, and the court in its discretion may assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, against any party litigant in the suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by the party litigant. This Section does not apply to a suit by the Trustee, a suit by a Holder of a Security pursuant to Section 6.07 hereof, or a suit by Holders of more than 10% in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of any series.

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ARTICLE 7.

TRUSTEE

SECTION 7.01. DUTIES OF TRUSTEE.

(a)    If an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture or an indenture supplemental hereto, and use the same degree of care and skill in its exercise, as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of its own affairs.

(b)    Except during the continuance of an Event of Default:

(i) the duties of the Trustee shall be determined solely by the express provisions of this Indenture or an indenture supplemental hereto, and the Trustee need perform only those duties that are specifically set forth in this Indenture or an indenture supplemental hereto and no others, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture or an indenture supplemental hereto against the Trustee; and

(ii) in the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture. However, the Trustee shall examine the certificates and opinions to determine whether or not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture.

(c)    The Trustee may not be relieved from liabilities for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act, or its own willful misconduct, except that:

(i) this paragraph does not limit the effect of paragraph (b) of this Section;

(ii) the Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer, unless it is proven that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts; and

(iii) the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in accordance with a direction received by it pursuant to Section 6.05 hereof.

(d)    Whether or not therein expressly so provided, every provision of this Indenture that in any way relates to the Trustee is subject to paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) of this Section.

(e)    No provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or incur any liability. The Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or direction of any of the Holders unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee security and indemnity satisfactory to it against any losses, costs, expenses and liabilities that might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction.

(f)    The Trustee shall not be liable for interest on any money received by it except as the Trustee may agree in writing with the Company. Money held in trust by the Trustee need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.

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SECTION 7.02. RIGHTS OF TRUSTEE.

(a)    The Trustee may conclusively rely upon any document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper Person. The Trustee need not investigate any fact or matter stated in the document.

(b)    Before the Trustee acts or refrains from acting, it may require an Officers’ Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel or both. The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in reliance on such Officers’ Certificate or Opinion of Counsel. The Trustee may consult with counsel, and the written advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection from liability in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon.

(c)    The Trustee may act through its attorneys and agents and shall not be responsible for the misconduct or negligence of any agent appointed with due care.

(d)    The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith that it believes to be authorized or within the rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture.

(e)    Unless otherwise specifically provided in this Indenture, any demand, request, direction or notice from the Company shall be sufficient if signed by an Officer of the Company.

SECTION 7.03. INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS OF TRUSTEE.

The Trustee in its individual or any other capacity may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and may otherwise deal with the Company or any Affiliate of the Company with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee. However, in the event that the Trustee acquires any conflicting interest (within the meaning of TIA § 310(b)) it must eliminate such conflicting interest within 90 days after the default referred to in such § 310(b), apply to the SEC for permission to continue as trustee, or resign. Any Agent may do the same with like rights and duties. The Trustee is also subject to Sections 7.10 and 7.11 hereof.

SECTION 7.04. TRUSTEE’S DISCLAIMER.

The Trustee shall not be responsible for and makes no representation as to the validity or adequacy of this Indenture or the Securities; it shall not be accountable for the Company’s use of the proceeds from the Securities or any money paid to the Company or upon the Company’s direction under any provision of this Indenture; it shall not be responsible for the use or application of any money received by any Paying Agent other than the Trustee; and it shall not be responsible for any statement or recital herein or any statement in the Securities or any other document in connection with the sale of the Securities or pursuant to this Indenture other than its certificate of authentication.

SECTION 7.05. NOTICE OF DEFAULTS.

If a Default or Event of Default occurs and is continuing and if a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has actual knowledge of such Default or Event of Default, the Trustee shall mail to Holders of Securities a notice of the Default or Event of Default within 90 days after it occurs. Except in the case of a Default or Event of Default in payment of principal of, or interest on, any Security, the Trustee may withhold the notice if and so long as a committee of its Responsible Officers in good faith determines that withholding the notice is in the interests of the Holders of the Securities.

SECTION 7.06. REPORTS BY TRUSTEE TO HOLDERS OF THE SECURITIES.

On or before July 31 of each year, beginning with the July 31 following the date on which Securities are first issued under this Indenture, and for so long as Securities remain outstanding, the Trustee shall mail to the Holders of the Securities a brief report dated as of such reporting date that complies with TIA § 313(a) (but if no event described in TIA § 313(a) has occurred within the twelve months preceding the reporting date, no report need be transmitted). The Trustee also shall comply with TIA § 313(b)(2). The Trustee shall also transmit by mail all reports as required by TIA § 313(c). A copy of each report at the time of its mailing to the Holders of Securities shall be mailed to the Company and filed with the SEC and each stock exchange on which the Securities are listed in accordance with TIA § 313(d). The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee when the Securities are listed on any stock exchange.

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SECTION 7.07. COMPENSATION AND INDEMNITY.

The Company shall pay to the Trustee from time to time such compensation for its acceptance of this Indenture and services hereunder as the Company and Trustee have separately agreed. The Trustee’s compensation shall not be limited by any law on compensation of a trustee of an express trust. The Company shall reimburse the Trustee promptly upon request for all reasonable disbursements, advances and expenses incurred or made by it in addition to the compensation for its services. Such expenses shall include the reasonable compensation, disbursements and expenses of the Trustee’s agents and counsel.

The Company shall indemnify the Trustee against any and all losses, liabilities or expenses incurred by it arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of its duties under this Indenture, including the costs and expenses of enforcing this Indenture against the Company (including this Section 7.07) and defending itself against any claim (whether asserted by the Company or any Holder or any other person) or liability in connection with the exercise or performance of any of its powers or duties hereunder, except to the extent any such loss, liability or expense may be attributable to its negligence or willful misconduct. The Trustee shall notify the Company promptly of any claim for which it may seek indemnity. Failure by the Trustee to so notify the Company shall not relieve the Company of its obligations hereunder. The Company shall defend the claim, and the Trustee shall cooperate in the defense. The Trustee may have separate counsel, and the Company shall pay the reasonable fees and expenses of such counsel. The Company need not pay for any settlement made without its consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld.

The obligations of the Company under this Section 7.07 shall survive the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture and the removal or resignation of the Trustee.

To secure the Company’s payment obligations in this Section, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities on all money or property held or collected by the Trustee, except that held in trust to pay principal of, premium, if any, and interest on particular Securities. Such lien shall survive the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture.

When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services after an Event of Default specified in Section 6.01(e) or (f) hereof occurs, the expenses and the compensation for the services (including the fees and expenses of its agents and counsel) are intended to constitute expenses of administration under any Bankruptcy Law.

SECTION 7.08. REPLACEMENT OF TRUSTEE.

A resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment of a successor Trustee shall become effective only upon the successor Trustee’s acceptance of appointment as provided in this Section.

The Trustee may resign with respect to one or more or all series of Securities at any time and be discharged from the trust hereby created by so notifying the Company in writing. The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of any series may remove the Trustee with respect to such series by so notifying the Trustee and the Company in writing. The Company may remove the Trustee if:

(a)    the Trustee ceases to be eligible in accordance with Section 7.10 hereof;

(b)    the Trustee is adjudged bankrupt or insolvent or an order for relief is entered with respect to the Trustee under any Bankruptcy Law;

(c)    a custodian or public officer takes charge of the Trustee or its property; or

(d)    the Trustee becomes incapable of acting.

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If the Trustee resigns or is removed or if a vacancy exists in the office of Trustee for any reason, the Company shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee. Within one year after the successor Trustee takes office, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of a series may appoint a successor Trustee to replace the successor Trustee appointed by the Company with respect to that series of Securities.

If a successor Trustee does not take office within 60 days after the retiring Trustee resigns or is removed, the retiring Trustee, the Company, or the Holders of at least 10% in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee.

If the Trustee, after written request by any Holder of a Security who has been a Holder of a Security for at least six months, ceases to be eligible in accordance with Section 7.10, such Holder of a Security may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee and the appointment of a successor Trustee. A successor Trustee shall deliver a written acceptance of its appointment to the retiring Trustee and to the Company. Thereupon, the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective, and the successor Trustee shall have all the rights, powers and duties of the Trustee under this Indenture. The successor Trustee shall mail a notice of its succession to Holders of the Securities. The retiring Trustee shall promptly transfer all property held by it as Trustee to the successor Trustee, provided all sums owing to the Trustee hereunder have been paid and subject to the lien provided for in Section 7.07 hereof. Notwithstanding replacement of the Trustee pursuant to this Section 7.08, the Company’s obligations under Section 7.07 hereof shall continue for the benefit of the retiring Trustee.

If a successor Trustee is appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company, the retiring Trustee and each successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any applicable series shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto which shall contain such provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series as to which the predecessor Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the predecessor Trustee, and shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being understood that nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees as co-trustees of the same trust and that each such Trustee shall be Trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder administered by any other such Trustee.

SECTION 7.09. SUCCESSOR TRUSTEE BY MERGER, ETC.

If the Trustee consolidates, merges or converts into, or transfers all or substantially all of its corporate trust business to, another corporation, the successor corporation without any further act shall be the successor Trustee.

SECTION 7.10. ELIGIBILITY; DISQUALIFICATION.

There shall at all times be a Trustee hereunder that is a corporation organized and doing business under the laws of the United States of America or of any state thereof that is authorized under such laws to exercise corporate trust powers, that is subject to supervision or examination by federal or state authorities and that has a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000 as set forth in its most recent published annual report of condition.

This Indenture shall always have a Trustee who satisfies the requirements of TIA § 310(a)(1), (2) and (5). The Trustee is subject to TIA § 310(b); provided, that there shall be excluded from the operation of TIA § 310(b)(1) any indenture or indentures under which other securities, or certificates of interest or participation in other securities, of the Company are outstanding, if the requirements for such exclusion set forth in TIA § 310(b)(1) are met.

SECTION 7.11. PREFERENTIAL COLLECTION OF CLAIMS AGAINST COMPANY.

The Trustee is subject to TIA § 311(a), excluding any creditor relationship described in TIA § 311(b). A Trustee who has resigned or been removed shall be subject to TIA § 311(a) to the extent indicated therein.

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Article 8.

LEGAL DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE

SECTION 8.01. OPTION TO EFFECT LEGAL DEFEASANCE OR COVENANT DEFEASANCE.

(a) The Company may, at the option of its Board of Trustees evidenced by a resolution set forth in an Officers’ Certificate, at any time, elect to have either Section 8.02 or 8.03 hereof, with such modifications thereto as may be specified pursuant to Section 2.02 in the Board Resolution, Officer’s Certificate or supplemental indenture establishing a particular series of Securities, be applied to all outstanding Securities of one or more series upon compliance with the conditions set forth below in this Article 8.

(b) As an alternative to having Section 8.02 or 8.03 be applied to all outstanding Securities of one or more series, the Company may terminate its obligations under the Securities of one or more series and its obligations under this Indenture in respect of such series of Securities (except those obligations referred to in the penultimate paragraph of this Section 8.01(b), and any obligation of the Company to convert or exchange Securities of such series as expressly provided for in the Board Resolution, Officer’s Certificate or indenture supplemental hereto establishing such Series) (1) if (i) all Securities of such series theretofore authenticated and delivered (except lost, stolen or destroyed Securities that have been replaced or paid and Securities for whose payment cash in United States dollars has theretofore been deposited in trust or segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereafter repaid to the Company or discharged from such trust as provided in Section 8.06) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; (ii) the Company has paid all sums payable by it hereunder or under the applicable Board Resolution, Officer’s Certificate or indenture supplemental hereto in respect of such series of Securities; and (iii) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture have been complied with; or (2) if (i) either (A) in the case of a series of Securities redeemable prior to its stated maturity, the Company shall, pursuant to Article 3, have given notice to the Trustee and mailed a notice of redemption to each Holder of Securities of such series of the redemption of all of such Securities under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of such notice or (B) all Securities of such series have otherwise become due and payable hereunder or will become due and payable within one year; (ii) the Company shall have irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee (or a trustee satisfactory to the Trustee, under the terms of an irrevocable trust agreement in form and substance satisfactory to the Trustee), as trust funds in trust solely for the benefit of the Holders of Securities of such series for that purpose, cash in United States dollars in such amount as is sufficient without consideration of reinvestment of interest or other earnings on such cash, to pay the entire indebtedness on such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, for the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the outstanding Securities of such series to the date of such deposit (in the case of Securities which have become due and payable) or to the stated maturity or redemption date, as the case may be; (iii) no Default or Event of Default with respect to this Indenture or the Securities shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit or shall occur as a result of such deposit and such deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, any other instrument to which the Company is bound; (iv) the Company shall have paid all other sums payable by it hereunder in respect of Securities of such series; and (v) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture have been complied with.

Notwithstanding the foregoing paragraph, the Company’s obligations in Sections 2.07, 2.08, 2.09, 2.10, 4.01, including any provision of the applicable Board Resolution, Officer’s Certificate or indenture supplemental hereto relating to the payment of principal, premium or interest, 4.02, 7.07, 8.06 and 8.07 shall survive with respect to the Securities of the applicable series until they are no longer outstanding pursuant to the last paragraph of Section 2.10. After the Securities of the applicable series are no longer outstanding, the Company’s obligations in Sections 7.07, 8.06 and 8.07 shall survive in respect of Securities of the applicable series.

After such delivery or irrevocable deposit, the Trustee upon request shall acknowledge in writing the discharge of the Company’s obligations under the Securities of the applicable series and the Company’s obligations under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such series, except for those surviving obligations specified above.

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SECTION 8.02. LEGAL DEFEASANCE AND DISCHARGE.

Upon the Company’s exercise under Section 8.01 hereof of the option applicable to this Section 8.02 relating to one or more series of Securities, the Company shall, upon the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 8.04 hereof, be deemed to have been discharged from its obligations with respect to all outstanding Securities of such series on the date the conditions set forth in Section 8.04 are satisfied (hereinafter, “Legal Defeasance”). For this purpose, Legal Defeasance means that the Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness represented by the outstanding Securities of the applicable series, which shall thereafter be deemed to be “outstanding” only for the purposes of Section 8.05 hereof and the other Sections of this Indenture referred to in (a) and (b) below, and to have satisfied all of its other obligations under the Securities of the applicable series and under the provisions of this Indenture applicable to such series (and the Trustee, on demand of and at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging the same), except for the following provisions which shall survive until otherwise terminated or discharged hereunder: (a) the rights of Holders of outstanding Securities of the applicable series to receive solely from the trust fund described in Section 8.04 hereof, and as more fully set forth in such Section, payments in respect of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest, on such Securities when such payments are due, (b) the Company’s obligations with respect to such Securities under Article 2 and Section 4.02 hereof, (c) the rights, powers, trusts, duties and immunities of the Trustee hereunder, and the Company’s obligations in connection therewith and (d) this Article 8. Subject to compliance with this Article 8, the Company may exercise its option under this Section 8.02 notwithstanding the prior exercise of its option under Section 8.03 hereof.

SECTION 8.03. COVENANT DEFEASANCE.

Upon the Company’s exercise under Section 8.01 hereof of the option applicable to this Section 8.03 relating to one or more series of Securities, the Company shall, upon the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 8.04 hereof, be released from its obligations under the covenants contained in Sections 4.03, 4.04, 4.05 and 4.06 hereof with respect to the outstanding Securities of the applicable series, and under any other covenants specified in the Board Resolution, Officer’s Certificate or supplemental indenture establishing the applicable series as covenants to which this Section 8.03 applies, on and after the date the conditions set forth below in Section 8.04 are satisfied (hereinafter, “Covenant Defeasance”), and the Securities of the applicable series shall thereafter be deemed not “outstanding” for the purposes of any direction, waiver, consent or declaration or act of Holders (and the consequences of any thereof) in connection with such covenants, but shall continue to be deemed “outstanding” for all other purposes hereunder. For this purpose, Covenant Defeasance means that, with respect to the “outstanding” Securities of the applicable series, the Company may omit to comply with and shall have no liability in respect of any term, condition or limitation set forth in any such covenant, whether directly or indirectly, by reason of any reference elsewhere herein to any such covenant or by reason of any reference in any such covenant to any other provision herein or in any other document and such omission to comply shall not constitute a Default or an Event of Default under Section 6.01 hereof, but, except as specified above, the remainder of this Indenture and such Securities shall be unaffected thereby.

SECTION 8.04. CONDITIONS TO LEGAL OR COVENANT DEFEASANCE.

The following shall be the conditions to the application of either Section 8.02 or 8.03 hereof to the outstanding Securities of one or more series:

In order to exercise either Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance:

(a)    the Company must irrevocably deposit with the Trustee, (or another trustee satisfying the requirements of Section 7.10, who shall agree to comply with the provisions of this Article 8 applicable to it) in trust, for the benefit of the Holders of the Securities of the applicable series, (i) an amount of cash in United States dollars, (ii) non-callable U.S. Government Obligations which, through scheduled payment of principal and interest in respect thereof in accordance with their terms, will provide, not later than one Business Day before the due date of any payment of principal of, premium, if any, or interest on the Securities of such series, cash in an amount, or (iii) a combination thereof, sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants, to pay the principal of, interest and premium, if any, on the outstanding Securities of the applicable series on the Stated Maturity or on the applicable redemption date, as the case may be, and any mandatory sinking fund payments applicable to the Securities of such series on the day on which such payments are due, and the Company must specify whether the Securities of the applicable series are being defeased to maturity or to a particular redemption date;

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(b)    in the case of an election under Section 8.02 hereof, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel in the United States reasonably acceptable to the Trustee confirming that (i) the Company has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling or (ii) since the date of this Indenture, there has been a change in the applicable federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such Opinion of Counsel shall confirm that, the Holders of the outstanding Securities of the applicable series will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such Legal Defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such Legal Defeasance had not occurred;

(c)    in the case of an election under Section 8.03 hereof, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel in the United States reasonably acceptable to the Trustee confirming that the Holders of the outstanding Securities of the applicable series will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such Covenant Defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such Covenant Defeasance had not occurred;

(d)    no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit (other than a Default or Event of Default resulting from the borrowing of funds to be applied to such deposit) or insofar as Sections 6.01(e) or (f) hereof are concerned, at any time in the period ending on the 91st day after the date of deposit (or greater period of time in which any such deposit of trust funds may remain subject to Bankruptcy Law insofar as those apply to the deposit by the Company); and

(e)    the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent provided for or relating to the Legal Defeasance or the Covenant Defeasance have been complied with.

SECTION 8.05. DEPOSITED MONEY AND U.S. GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS TO BE HELD IN TRUST; OTHER MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS.

Subject to Section 8.06 hereof, all money and non-callable U.S. Government Obligations (including the proceeds thereof) deposited with the Trustee (or other qualifying trustee, collectively for purposes of this Section 8.05, the “Trustee”) pursuant to Section 8.04 hereof in respect of the outstanding Securities of the applicable series shall be held in trust and applied by the Trustee, in accordance with the provisions of such Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Holders of such Securities of all sums due and to become due thereon in respect of principal, premium, if any, and interest, but such money need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. All amounts so deposited with the Trustee in compliance with Article 10 shall be held in trust by the Trustee for the purposes set forth in the preceding sentence and shall not be subject to the subordination provisions of Article 10.

The Company shall pay and indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against the cash or non-callable U.S. Government Obligations deposited pursuant to Section 8.04 hereof or the principal and interest received in respect thereof other than any such tax, fee or other charge which by law is for the account of the Holders of the outstanding Securities of the applicable series.

Anything in this Article 8 to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon the request of the Company any money or non-callable U.S. Government Obligations held by it as provided in Section 8.04 hereof which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee (which may be the opinion delivered under Section 8.04(a) hereof), are in excess of the amount thereof that would then be required to be deposited to effect an equivalent Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance of the applicable series.

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SECTION 8.06. REPAYMENT TO COMPANY.

Any money and U.S. Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held by the Company, in trust for the payment of the principal of, premium or interest on any Security and remaining unclaimed for two years after such principal, and premium, if any, or interest has become due and payable shall be paid to the Company on its request or (if then held by the Company) shall be discharged from such trust; and the Holder of such Security shall thereafter look only to the Company for payment thereof, and all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect to such money and U.S. Government Obligations, and all liability of the Company as trustee thereof, shall thereupon cease; provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent, before being required to make any such repayment, may at the expense of the Company cause to be published once, in the New York Times and The Wall Street Journal (national edition), notice that such money remains unclaimed and that, after a date specified therein, which shall not be less than 30 days from the date of such publication, any unclaimed balance of such money then remaining will be repaid to the Company.

SECTION 8.07. REINSTATEMENT.

If the Trustee or Paying Agent is unable to apply any United States dollars or non-callable U.S. Government Obligations deposited pursuant to Section 8.02 or 8.03 hereof, as the case may be, by reason of any order or judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting such application, or if any amounts previously applied are required to be returned to the Company or to any trustee in connection with any proceeding referred to in Section 6.01(d) or (e) then the obligations of the Company under this Indenture and the Securities shall be revived and reinstated as though no deposit had occurred pursuant to Section 8.02 or 8.03 hereof until such time as the Trustee or Paying Agent is permitted to apply all such money in accordance with Section 8.02 or 8.03 hereof, as the case may be; provided, however, that, if the Company makes any payment of principal of, premium or interest on any Security following the reinstatement of its obligations, the Company shall be subrogated to the rights of the Holder of such Security to receive such payment from the money held by the Trustee or Paying Agent.

ARTICLE 9.

AMENDMENT, SUPPLEMENT AND WAIVER

SECTION 9.01. WITHOUT CONSENT OF HOLDERS OF SECURITIES.

Notwithstanding Section 9.02 of this Indenture, the Company and the Trustee may amend or supplement this Indenture or the Securities without the consent of any Holder of a Security:

(a)    to evidence the succession of another Person to the Company, or successive successions, and the assumption by the successor Person of the covenants, agreements and obligations of the Company pursuant to Article 5 hereof;

(b)    to add to the covenants of the Company such further covenants, restrictions or conditions for the protection of the Holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such covenants are to be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities stating that such covenants are expressly being included for the benefit of such series) as the Board of Trustees and the Trustee shall consider to be for the protection of the Holders of such Securities, and to make the occurrence, or the occurrence and continuance, of a default in any of such additional covenants, restrictions or conditions a Default or an Event of Default permitting the enforcement of all or any of the several remedies provided in this Indenture as herein set forth; provided, however, that in respect of any such additional covenant, restriction or condition such supplemental indenture may provide for a particular period of grace after default (which period may be shorter or longer than that allowed in the case of other defaults) or may provide for an immediate enforcement upon such default or may limit the remedies available to the Trustee upon such default;

(c)    to provide for the issuance under this Indenture of Securities in coupon form (including Securities registrable as to principal only) and to provide for exchangeability of such Securities with the Securities issued hereunder in fully registered form and to make all appropriate changes for such purpose;

(d)    to cure any ambiguity or to correct or supplement any provision contained herein or in any supplemental indenture which may be defective or inconsistent with any other provision contained herein or in any supplemental indenture, or to make such other provisions in regard to matters or questions arising under this Indenture; provided that any such action shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of the Securities;

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(e)    to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series and to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one trustee, pursuant to the requirements of Section 7.08;

(f)    to add guarantees with respect to the Securities of any series;

(g)    to secure the Securities of any series;

(h)    comply with any requirement of the SEC in connection with the qualification of this Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act or with the rules of any applicable securities depositary;

(i)    add additional Events of Default with respect to the Securities of any or all series;

(j)    to make any change that does not adversely affect the rights of any Holder; or

(k)    to provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of the Securities of any series, to establish the form of any certifications required to be furnished pursuant to the terms of this Indenture or any series of Securities, or to add to the rights of the Holders of any series of Securities.

Upon the request of the Company accompanied by a copy of a Board Resolution, certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by the Board of Trustees and to be in full force and effect on the date of the certificate, authorizing the execution of any such amended or supplemental indenture, and upon receipt by the Trustee of the documents described in Section 7.02 hereof, the Trustee shall join with the Company in the execution of any amended or supplemental indenture authorized or permitted by the terms of this Indenture and to make any further appropriate agreements and stipulations that may be therein contained, but the Trustee shall not be obligated to enter into such amended or supplemental indenture that affects its own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise.

SECTION 9.02. WITH CONSENT OF HOLDERS OF SECURITIES.

Except as provided below in this Section 9.02, the Company and the Trustee may amend or supplement this Indenture, or the Securities of any series may be amended or supplemented, with the consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities then outstanding of all series affected by such supplemental indenture (including, without limitation, consents obtained in connection with a purchase of, or tender offer or exchange offer for, Securities), and, subject to Sections 6.04 and 6.07 hereof, any existing Default or Event of Default (other than a Default or Event of Default in the payment of the principal of, premium or interest on the Securities) or compliance with any provision of this Indenture or the Securities of such series may be waived with the consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities then outstanding of all series affected by such waiver (including, without limitation, consents obtained in connection with a purchase of, or tender offer or exchange offer for the Securities). Any amendment to the provisions of Article 10 hereof will require the consent of the Holders of at least 75% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities then outstanding of all series affected by such amendment (treating all series that are Pari Passu Series with respect to each other as a single class) if such amendment would adversely affect the rights of Holders of such Securities.

For purposes of determining the consent required under this Section 9.02 all Pari Passu Series shall be treated as a single class.

Upon the request of the Company accompanied by a copy of a Board Resolution, certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by the Board of Trustees and to be in full force and effect on the date of the certificate, authorizing the execution of any such amended or supplemental indenture, and upon the filing with the Trustee of evidence satisfactory to the Trustee of the consent of the Holders of

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Securities of each such series as aforesaid, and upon receipt by the Trustee of the documents described in Section 7.02(b) hereof, the Trustee shall join with the Company in the execution of such amended or supplemental indenture unless such amended or supplemental indenture affects the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise, in which case the Trustee may in its discretion, but shall not be obligated to, enter into such amended or supplemental indenture.

It shall not be necessary for the consent of the Holders of Securities under this Section 9.02 to approve the particular form of any proposed amendment or waiver, but it shall be sufficient if such consent approves the substance thereof.

After an amendment, supplement or waiver under this Section 9.02 becomes effective, the Company shall mail to the Holders of Securities of such series affected thereby a notice briefly describing the amendment, supplement or waiver. Any failure of the Company to mail such notice, or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such amended or supplemental indenture or waiver.

However, without the consent of each Holder of Securities affected an amendment or waiver may not (with respect to any Securities held by a non-consenting Holder):

(a)    reduce the principal amount of the Securities whose Holders must consent to an amendment, supplement or waiver;

(b)    reduce the principal of or change the fixed maturity of the principal of, premium, if any, or mandatory sinking fund obligation, if any, with respect to any Securities of any series or alter the provisions with respect to the redemption of the Securities;

(c)    reduce the rate of or change the time for payment of interest, including default interest, on any Security of any series;

(d)    waive a Default or Event of Default in the payment of principal of or interest or premium on the Securities of any series (except a rescission of acceleration of maturity of the Securities by the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of one or more affected series and a waiver of the payment default that resulted from such acceleration);

(e)    make any Security of any series payable in currency other than that stated in the Securities of such series;

(f)    make any change in the provisions of this Indenture relating to waivers of past Defaults or the rights of Holders of Securities to receive payments of principal of or interest or premium on the Securities;

(g)    waive a redemption payment with respect to any Security; or

(h)    make any change in Section 6.04 or 6.07 hereof or in the amendment and waiver provisions of Section 9.01 or this Section 9.02.

SECTION 9.03. COMPLIANCE WITH TRUST INDENTURE ACT.

Every amendment or supplement to this Indenture or the Securities shall be set forth in an amended or supplemental indenture that complies with the TIA as then in effect.

SECTION 9.04. REVOCATION AND EFFECT OF CONSENTS.

Until an amendment, supplement or waiver becomes effective, a consent to it by a Holder of a Security is a continuing consent by the Holder of a Security and every subsequent Holder of a Security or portion of a Security that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder’s Securities, even if notation of the consent is not made on any Securities. However, any such Holder of a Security or subsequent Holder of a Security may revoke the consent

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as to its Securities if the Trustee receives written notice of revocation before the date the waiver, supplement or amendment becomes effective. An amendment, supplement or waiver becomes effective in accordance with its terms and thereafter binds every Holder.

SECTION 9.05. NOTATION ON OR EXCHANGE OF SECURITIES.

The Trustee may place an appropriate notation about an amendment, supplement or waiver on any Securities thereafter authenticated. The Company in exchange for all Securities may issue and the Trustee shall authenticate new Securities that reflect the amendment, supplement or waiver.

Failure to make the appropriate notation or to issue new Securities shall not affect the validity and effect of such amendment, supplement or waiver.

SECTION 9.06. TRUSTEE TO SIGN AMENDMENTS, ETC.

The Company may not sign an amendment or supplemental indenture until its Board of Trustees approves it. The Trustee shall sign any amendment or supplemental indenture authorized pursuant to this Article 9 if the amendment or supplement does not adversely affect the rights, duties, liabilities or immunities of the Trustee. If it does, the Trustee may, but need not, sign it. In signing or refusing to sign such amendment or supplemental indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive and, subject to Section 7.01 hereof, shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel as conclusive evidence that such amendment or supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture, that it is not inconsistent herewith, and that it will be valid and binding upon the Company in accordance with its terms.

ARTICLE 10.

SUBORDINATION

SECTION 10.01. AGREEMENT TO SUBORDINATE.

(a)    The Company agrees, and each Holder by accepting a Security agrees, that the Indebtedness evidenced by the Securities is subordinated in right of payment, to the extent and in the manner provided in this Article 10, to the prior payment in full of all Senior Debt (whether outstanding on the date hereof or hereafter created, incurred, assumed or guaranteed), and that the subordination is for the benefit of the holders of Senior Debt.

(b)    If any holder of Senior Debt is required by any court or otherwise to return to the Company, or any custodian, trustee, or similar official acting in relation to the Company, any amount paid by the Company to such holder of Senior Debt, the provisions of this Article 10, to the extent theretofore discharged, shall be reinstated in full force and effect.

SECTION 10.02. CERTAIN DEFINITIONS.

“Designated Senior Debt” means (i) the Senior Bank Debt and (ii) any other Senior Debt permitted under this Indenture the principal amount of which at least the amount specified in the applicable supplemental indenture and that has been designated by the Company as “Designated Senior Debt.”

“Representative” means (i) the indenture trustee or other trustee, agent or representative for the holders of any Senior Debt or (ii) with respect to any Senior Debt that does not have any such trustee, agent or other representative, (a) in the case of such Senior Debt issued pursuant to an agreement providing for voting arrangements as among the holders or owners of such Senior Debt, any holder or owner of such Senior Debt acting with the consent of the required persons necessary to bind such holders or owners of such Senior Debt and (b) in the case of all other such Senior Debt, the holder or owner of such Senior Debt.

A “distribution” may consist of cash, securities or other property, by set-off or otherwise.

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SECTION 10.03. LIQUIDATION; DISSOLUTION; BANKRUPTCY.

Upon any distribution to creditors of the Company in a liquidation or dissolution of the Company or in a bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency, receivership or similar proceeding relating to the Company or its property, an assignment for the benefit of creditors or any marshalling of the Company’s assets and liabilities:

(1)    holders of Senior Debt shall be entitled to receive payment in full of all Obligations due in respect of such Senior Debt (including interest after the commencement of any such proceeding at the rate specified in the applicable Senior Debt) before the Holders of Securities shall be entitled to receive any payment with respect to the Securities (except that Holders may receive (i) securities that are subordinated to at least the same extent as the Securities to (a) Senior Debt and (b) any securities issued in exchange for Senior Debt and (ii) payments and other distributions made from any defeasance trust created pursuant to Section 8.05 hereof and any amount deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.01 hereof); and

(2)    until all Obligations with respect to Senior Debt (as provided in subsection (1) above) are paid in full, any distribution to which the Holders of Securities would be entitled but for this Article 10 shall be made to holders of Senior Debt (except that Holders may receive (i) securities that are subordinated to at least the same extent as the Securities to (a) Senior Debt and (b) any securities issued in exchange for Senior Debt and (ii) payments and other distributions made from any defeasance trust created pursuant to Section 8.05 hereof and any amount deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.01 hereof), as their interests may appear.

SECTION 10.04. DEFAULT ON DESIGNATED SENIOR DEBT.

(a)    The Company may not make any payment or distribution to the Trustee or any Holder in respect of the Securities and may not acquire from the Trustee or any Holder any Securities for cash or property (other than (1) securities that are subordinated to at least the same extent as the Securities to (A) Senior Debt and (B) any securities issued in exchange for Senior Debt and (2) payments and other distributions made from any defeasance trust created pursuant to Section 8.05 hereof and any amount deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.01 hereof) until all principal and other Obligations with respect to the Senior Debt have been paid in full if:

(1)    a default in the payment of the principal of, premium, if any, or interest on Designated Senior Debt occurs and is continuing beyond any applicable grace period in the agreement, indenture or other document governing such Designated Senior Debt; or

(2)    a default, other than a default specified in Section 10.04(a)(1), on Designated Senior Debt occurs and is continuing with respect to Designated Senior Debt that then permits holders of the Designated Senior Debt to which such default relates to accelerate its maturity and the Trustee receives a notice of the default (a “Payment Blockage Notice”) from a Representative of such Designated Senior Debt. If the Trustee receives any such Payment Blockage Notice, no subsequent Payment Blockage Notice shall be effective for purposes of this Section unless and until (I) at least 360 days shall have elapsed since the effectiveness of the immediately prior Payment Blockage Notice and (II) all scheduled payments of principal and premium, if any, and interest on the Securities that have come due (other than by reason of acceleration) have been paid in full in cash. No default described in this paragraph (2) that existed or was continuing on the date of delivery of any Payment Blockage Notice to the Trustee shall be, or be made, the basis for a subsequent Payment Blockage Notice.

(b)     The Company may and shall resume payments on and distributions in respect of the Securities and may acquire them:

(i) in the case of a default described in Section 10.04(a)(1) hereof, upon the date on which the default is cured or waived, and

(ii) in the case of a default referred to in Section 10.04(a)(2) hereof, the earlier of the date on which such default is cured or waived or 179 days after the date on which the applicable Payment Blockage Notice is received, unless the maturity of any Designated Senior Debt has been accelerated,

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if this Article 10 otherwise permits the payment, distribution or acquisition at the time of such payment or acquisition.

SECTION 10.05. ACCELERATION OF SECURITIES.

If payment of the Securities is accelerated because of an Event of Default, the Company shall promptly notify each Representative of Senior Debt of the acceleration.

SECTION 10.06. WHEN DISTRIBUTION MUST BE PAID OVER.

In the event that the Trustee or any Holder receives any payment of any Obligations with respect to the Securities at a time when the Trustee or such Holder, as applicable, has actual knowledge that such payment is prohibited by Section 10.04 hereof, such payment shall be held by the Trustee or such Holder, in trust for the benefit of, and shall be paid forthwith over and delivered, upon written request, to, the holders of Senior Debt as their interests may appear or their Representative under the indenture or other agreement (if any) pursuant to which Senior Debt may have been issued, as their respective interests may appear, for application to the payment of all Obligations with respect to Senior Debt remaining unpaid to the extent necessary to pay such Obligations in full in accordance with their terms, after giving effect to any concurrent payment or distribution to or for the holders of Senior Debt.

With respect to the holders of Senior Debt, the Trustee undertakes to perform only such obligations on the part of the Trustee as are specifically set forth in this Article 10, and no implied covenants or obligations with respect to the holders of Senior Debt shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee. The Trustee shall not be deemed to owe any fiduciary duty to the holders of Senior Debt, and shall not be liable to any such holders if the Trustee shall pay over or distribute to or on behalf of Holders or the Company or any other Person money or assets to which any holders of Senior Debt shall be entitled by virtue of this Article 10, except if such payment is made as a result of the willful misconduct or gross negligence of the Trustee.

SECTION 10.07. NOTICE BY COMPANY.

The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee and the Paying Agent of any facts known to the Company that would cause a payment of any Obligations with respect to the Securities to violate this Article 10, but failure to give such notice shall not affect the subordination of the Securities to the Senior Debt as provided in this Article 10.

SECTION 10.08. SUBROGATION.

After all Senior Debt is paid in full and until the Securities are paid in full, Holders of the Securities shall be subrogated (equally and ratably with all other Indebtedness pari passu with such Securities) to the rights of holders of Senior Debt to receive distributions applicable to Senior Debt to the extent that distributions otherwise payable to the Holders have been applied to the payment of Senior Debt. A distribution made under this Article 10 to holders of Senior Debt that otherwise would have been made to Holders is not, as between the Company and Holders, a payment by the Company on the Senior Debt.

SECTION 10.09. RELATIVE RIGHTS.

This Article 10 defines the relative rights of Holders and holders of Senior Debt. Nothing in this Indenture shall:

(i) impair, as between the Company and Holders, the obligation of the Company, which is absolute and unconditional, to pay principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the Securities in accordance with their terms;

(ii) affect the relative rights of Holders and creditors of the Company other than the rights of Holders of the Securities in relation to holders of Senior Debt; or

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(iii) prevent the Trustee or any Holder from exercising its available remedies upon a Default or Event of Default, subject to the rights of holders of Senior Debt to receive distributions and payments otherwise payable to Holders.

If the Company fails because of this Article 10 to pay principal of or interest on a Security on the due date, the failure is still a Default or Event of Default.

SECTION 10.10. SUBORDINATION MAY NOT BE IMPAIRED BY COMPANY.

No right of any holder of Senior Debt to enforce the subordination of the Indebtedness evidenced by the Securities shall be impaired by any act or failure to act by the Company or any Holder or by the failure of the Company or any Holder to comply with this Indenture.

SECTION 10.11. DISTRIBUTION OR NOTICE TO REPRESENTATIVE.

Whenever a distribution is to be made or a notice given to holders of Senior Debt, the distribution may be made and the notice given to their Representative.

Upon any payment or distribution of assets of the Company referred to in this Article 10, the Trustee and the Holders shall be entitled to rely upon any order or decree made by any court of competent jurisdiction or upon any certificate of such Representative or of the liquidating trustee or agent or other Person making any distribution to the Trustee or to the Holders for the purpose of ascertaining the Persons entitled to participate in such distribution, the holders of the Senior Debt and other Indebtedness of the Company, the amount thereof or payable thereon, the amount or amounts paid or distributed thereon and all other facts pertinent thereto or to this Article 10.

SECTION 10.12. RIGHTS OF TRUSTEE AND PAYING AGENT.

Notwithstanding the provisions of this Article 10 or any other provision of this Indenture, the Trustee shall not be charged with knowledge of the existence of any facts that would prohibit the making of any payment or distribution by the Trustee, and the Trustee and any Paying Agent may continue to make payments on the Securities, unless the Trustee shall have received at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee at least five Business Days prior to the date of such payment written notice of facts that would cause the payment of any Obligations with respect to the Securities to violate this Article or otherwise has actual knowledge of such facts. Only the Company or a Representative may give the notice. Nothing in this Article 10 shall impair the claims of, or payments to, the Trustee under or pursuant to Section 7.07 hereof.

The Trustee in its individual or any other capacity may hold Senior Debt with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee. Any Agent may do the same with like rights.

SECTION 10.13. AUTHORIZATION TO EFFECT SUBORDINATION.

Each Holder of a Security by the Holder’s acceptance thereof authorizes and directs the Trustee on the Holder’s behalf to take such action as may be necessary or appropriate to effectuate the subordination as provided in this Article 10, and appoints the Trustee to act as the Holder’s attorney-in-fact for any and all such purposes. If the Trustee does not file a proper proof of claim or proof of debt in the form required in any proceeding referred to in Section 6.09 hereof at least 30 days before the expiration of the time to file such claim, the Representative under any Credit Facility (or in the absence of such a Representative, the lender) is hereby authorized to file an appropriate claim for and on behalf of the Holders of the Securities.

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ARTICLE 11.

MEETINGS OF HOLDERS

SECTION 11.01. PURPOSES FOR WHICH MEETING MAY BE CALLED.

A meeting of Holders of Securities of any series may be called at any time and from time to time pursuant to this Article 11 to make, give or take any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided by this Indenture to be made, given or taken by Holders of Securities of such series.

SECTION 11.02. CALL, NOTICE AND PLACE OF MEETINGS.

(a)    The Trustee may at any time call a meeting of Holders of Securities of any one or more series for any purpose specified in Section 11.01, to be held at such time and at such place in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, or in such other place as the Trustee shall determine. Notice of every meeting of Holders of Securities of any one or more series, setting forth the time and the place of such meeting and in general terms the action proposed to be taken at such meeting, shall be given, in the manner provided in Section 12.02, not less than 20 nor more than 180 days prior to the date fixed for the meeting.

(b)    In case at any time the Company, by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, or the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any one or more series shall have requested the Trustee to call a meeting of the Holders of Securities of such series for any purpose specified in Section 11.01 by written request setting forth in reasonable detail the action proposed to be taken at the meeting, and the Trustee shall not have mailed notice of such meeting within 20 days after receipt of such request or shall not thereafter proceed to cause the meeting to be held as provided herein, then the Company or the Holders of Securities of such series in the amount above specified, as the case may be, may determine the time and the place for such meeting and may call such meeting for such purposes by giving notice thereof as provided in clause (a) of this Section.

SECTION 11.03. PERSONS ENTITLED TO VOTE AT MEETINGS.

To be entitled to vote at any meeting of Holders of Securities of any one or more series, a Person shall be (a) a Holder of one or more outstanding Securities of such a series, or (b) a Person appointed by an instrument in writing as proxy for a Holder or Holders of one or more outstanding Securities of such series by such Holder or Holders. The only Persons who shall be entitled to be present or to speak at any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series shall be the Persons entitled to vote at such meeting and their counsel, any representatives of the Trustee and its counsel and any representatives of the Company and its counsel.

SECTION 11.04. QUORUM; ACTION.

The Persons entitled to vote a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of a series shall constitute a quorum for a meeting of Holders of Securities of such series; provided, however, that if the meeting is of the Holders of more than one series of Securities, a quorum shall consist of Persons entitled to vote a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of all such series (voting as a single class); and provided further that if any action is to be taken at such meeting with respect to a consent or waiver which this Indenture (or any Board Resolution, Officer’s Certificate or indenture supplemental hereto establishing a series of Securities hereunder) expressly provides may be given by the Holders of more or less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of a series, the Persons entitled to vote such percentage in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such series shall constitute a quorum. In the absence of a quorum within 30 minutes after the time appointed for any such meeting, the meeting shall, if convened at the request of Holders of Securities of such series, be dissolved. In any other case the meeting may be adjourned for a period of not less than 10 days as determined by the chairman of the meeting prior to the adjournment of such meeting. In the absence of a quorum at any such adjourned meeting, such adjourned meeting may be further adjourned for a period of not less than 10 days as determined by the chairman of the meeting prior to the adjournment of such adjourned meeting. Notice of the reconvening of any such adjourned meeting shall be given as provided in Section 11.02(a), except that such notice need be given only once not less than five days prior to the date on which the meeting is scheduled to be reconvened. Notice of the reconvening of an adjourned meeting shall state expressly the percentage, as provided above, of the principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such series which shall constitute a quorum.

Except as otherwise provided in Section 6.02 or 9.02 (or in any Board Resolution, Officer’s Certificate or indenture supplemental hereto establishing a series of Securities hereunder), any resolution presented to a meeting or adjourned meeting duly reconvened at which a quorum is present as aforesaid may be adopted only by the affirmative vote of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that series (or, if

37

applicable, of all Pari Passu Securities participating in the meeting (voting as a single class)); provided, however, that, except as otherwise provided in Section 6.02 or 9.02 (or in any Board Resolution, Officer’s Certificate or indenture supplemental hereto establishing a series of Securities hereunder), any resolution with respect to any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action which this Indenture or any supplemental indenture expressly provides may be made, given or taken by the Holders of a specified percentage in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of a series (or, if applicable, of all Pari Passu Securities participating in the meeting (voting as a single class)) may be adopted at a meeting or an adjourned meeting duly reconvened and at which a quorum is present as aforesaid by the affirmative vote of the Holders of such specified percentage in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such series (or, if applicable, of all Pari Passu Securities participating in the meeting (voting as a single class)).

Any resolution passed or decision taken at any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series duly held in accordance with this Section shall be binding on all the Holders of Securities of such series, whether or not such Holders were present or represented at the meeting.

SECTION 11.05. DETERMINATION OF VOTING RIGHTS; CONDUCT AND ADJOURNMENT OF MEETINGS.

(a)    Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Indenture, the Trustee may make such reasonable regulations as it may deem advisable for any meeting of Holders of Securities of one or more series in regard to proof of the holding of Securities of such series and of the appointment of proxies and in regard to the appointment and duties of inspectors of votes, the submission and examination of proxies, certificates and other evidence of the right to vote, and such other matters concerning the conduct of the meeting as it shall deem appropriate. Except as otherwise permitted or required by any such regulations, the holding of Securities shall be proved in the manner specified in Section 1.05 and the appointment of any proxy shall be proved in the manner specified in Section 1.05. Such regulations may provide that written instruments appointing proxies, regular on their face, may be presumed valid and genuine without the proof specified in Section 1.05 or other proof.

(b)    The Trustee shall, by an instrument in writing, appoint a temporary chairman of the meeting, unless the meeting shall have been called by the Company or by Holders of Securities as provided in Section 11.02(b), in which case the Company or the Holders of Securities of the series calling the meeting (or, if applicable, of all Pari Passu Securities participating in the meeting (voting as a single class)), as the case may be, shall in like manner appoint a temporary chairman. A permanent chairman and a permanent secretary of the meeting shall be elected by vote of the Persons entitled to vote at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such series (or, if applicable, of all Pari Passu Securities participating in the meeting (voting as a single class)) represented at the meeting.

(c)    At any meeting each Holder of a Security of such series or proxy shall be entitled to one vote for each $25 principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such series held or represented by him; provided, however, that no vote shall be cast or counted at any meeting in respect of any Security challenged as not outstanding and ruled by the chairman of the meeting to be not outstanding. The chairman of the meeting shall have no right to vote, except as a Holder of a Security of such series or proxy.

(d)    Any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series duly called pursuant to Section 11.02 at which a quorum is present may be adjourned from time to time by Persons entitled to vote at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such series (or, if applicable, of all Pari Passu Securities participating in the meeting (voting as a single class)) represented at the meeting; and the meeting may be held as so adjourned without further notice.

SECTION 11.06. COUNTING VOTES AND RECORDING ACTION OF MEETINGS.

(a)    The vote upon any resolution submitted to any meeting of Holders of Securities of any one or more series shall be by written ballots on which shall be subscribed the signatures of the Holders of Securities of such series or of their representatives by proxy and the principal amounts and serial numbers of the outstanding Securities of such series held or represented by them. The permanent chairman of the meeting shall appoint two inspectors of votes who shall count all votes cast at the meeting for or against any resolution and who shall make

38

and file with the secretary of the meeting their verified written reports in duplicate of all votes cast at the meeting. A record, at least in duplicate, of the proceedings of each meeting of Holders of Securities of any one or more series shall be prepared by the secretary of the meeting and there shall be attached to said record the original reports of the inspectors of votes on any vote by ballot taken thereat and affidavits by one or more persons having knowledge of the facts setting forth a copy of the notice of the meeting and showing that said notice was given as provided in Section 11.02 and, if applicable, Section 11.04. Each copy shall be signed and verified by the affidavits of the permanent chairman and secretary of the meeting and one such copy shall be delivered to the Company, and another to the Trustee to be preserved by the Trustee, the latter to have attached thereto the ballots voted at the meeting. Any record so signed and verified shall be conclusive evidence of the matters therein stated.

SECTION 11.07. ARTICLE SUBJECT TO OTHER PROVISIONS.

Each provision of this Article 11 (whether or not expressly so stated) is subject to any other provision of this Indenture (or any Board Resolution, Officer’s Certificate or supplemental indenture establishing a series of Securities hereunder) that provides that Securities of different series constitute a single class.

ARTICLE 12.

MISCELLANEOUS

SECTION 12.01. TRUST INDENTURE ACT CONTROLS.

This Indenture is subject to the provisions of the TIA that are required to be part of this Indenture and shall, to the extent applicable, be governed by such provisions. If any provision of this Indenture limits, qualifies or conflicts with another provision which is required to be included in this Indenture by the TIA, the required provision shall control.

SECTION 12.02. NOTICES.

Any notice or communication by the Company or the Trustee to the other is duly given if in writing and delivered in person or mailed by first class mail (registered or certified, return receipt requested), telecopier or overnight air courier guaranteeing next day delivery, to the others’ address:

If to the Company:

Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust

The Bellevue

200 S. Broad Street

Philadelphia, PA 19102

Facsimile No. (215) 875-0700

Attention: General Counsel

If to the Trustee:

The Company or the Trustee, by notice to the others may designate additional or different addresses for subsequent notices or communications.

All notices and communications (other than those sent to Holders) shall be deemed to have been duly given: at the time delivered by hand, if personally delivered; five Business Days after being deposited in the mail, postage prepaid, if mailed; when receipt acknowledged or confirmed, if telecopied; and the next Business Day after timely delivery to the courier, if sent by overnight air courier guaranteeing next day delivery.

Any notice or communication to a Holder shall be mailed by first class mail or by overnight courier guaranteeing next day delivery to its address shown on the register kept by the Registrar. Any notice or communication shall also be so mailed to any Person described in TIA § 313(c), to the extent required by the TIA. Failure to mail a notice or communication to a Holder or any defect in it shall not affect its sufficiency with respect to other Holders.

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If a notice or communication is mailed in the manner provided above within the time prescribed, it is duly given, whether or not the addressee receives it.

If the Company mails a notice or communication to Holders, it shall mail a copy to the Trustee and each Agent at the same time.

SECTION 12.03. COMMUNICATION BY HOLDERS OF SECURITIES WITH OTHER HOLDERS OF SECURITIES.

Holders may communicate pursuant to TIA § 312(b) with other Holders with respect to their rights under this Indenture or the Securities. The Company, the Trustee, the Registrar and anyone else shall have the protection of TIA § 312(c).

SECTION 12.04. CERTIFICATE AND OPINION AS TO CONDITIONS PRECEDENT.

Upon any request or application by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee:

(a)    an Officers’ Certificate in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee (which shall include the statements set forth in Section 12.05 hereof) stating that, in the opinion of the signers, all conditions precedent and covenants, if any, provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been satisfied; and

(b)    an Opinion of Counsel in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee (which shall include the statements set forth in Section 12.05 hereof) stating that, in the opinion of such counsel, all such conditions precedent and covenants have been satisfied.

SECTION 12.05. STATEMENTS REQUIRED IN CERTIFICATE OR OPINION.

Each certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture (other than a certificate provided pursuant to TIA § 314(a)(4)) shall comply with the provisions of TIA § 314(e) and shall include:

(a)    a statement that the Person making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition;

(b)    a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based;

(c)    a statement that, in the opinion of such Person, he or she has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been satisfied; and

(d)    a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such Person, such condition or covenant has been satisfied.

SECTION 12.06. RULES BY TRUSTEE AND AGENTS.

The Trustee may make reasonable rules for action by or at a meeting of Holders. The Registrar or Paying Agent may make reasonable rules and set reasonable requirements for its functions.

SECTION 12.07. NO PERSONAL LIABILITY OF TRUSTEES, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES AND STOCKHOLDERS.

No past, present or future trustee, officer, employee, incorporator or stockholder of the Company, as such, shall have any liability for any obligations of the Company under the Securities, this Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of, or by reason of, such obligations or their creation. Each Holder of Securities by accepting a Security waives and releases all such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for issuance of the Securities.

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SECTION 12.08. GOVERNING LAW.

THE INTERNAL LAW OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK SHALL GOVERN AND BE USED TO CONSTRUE AND ENFORCE THIS INDENTURE AND THE SECURITIES.

SECTION 12.09. NO ADVERSE INTERPRETATION OF OTHER AGREEMENTS.

This Indenture may not be used to interpret any other indenture, loan or debt agreement of the Company or its Subsidiaries or of any other Person. Any such indenture, loan or debt agreement may not be used to interpret this Indenture.

SECTION 12.10. SUCCESSORS.

All agreements of the Company in this Indenture and the Securities shall bind its successors. All agreements of the Trustee in this Indenture shall bind its successors.

SECTION 12.11. SEVERABILITY.

In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

SECTION 12.12. COUNTERPART ORIGINALS.

The parties may sign any number of copies of this Indenture. Each signed copy shall be an original, but all of them together represent the same agreement. This Indenture will be effective when each party shall have signed and delivered (including delivery by facsimile transmission), one or more counterparts to the other, but it shall not be necessary for both parties to sign the same counterpart.

SECTION 12.13. TABLE OF CONTENTS, HEADINGS, ETC.

The Table of Contents and Headings of the Articles and Sections of this Indenture have been inserted for convenience of reference only, are not to be considered a part of this Indenture and shall in no way modify or restrict any of the terms or provisions hereof.

[Signature Page Follows]

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SIGNATURES

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Indenture as of the date first written above.

PENNSYLVANIA REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST

By

Name:

Title:

                                                                              ,

as Trustee

By

Name:

Title:

42

EXHIBIT A-1

(Face of Note)

    % [Series                  ] Subordinated Note due [                    ]

[Insert the Global Note Legend, if applicable pursuant to the provisions of the Indenture]

CUSIP:

No:                                                                                                                                                                                                             $         

PENNSYLVANIA REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST

promises to pay to                      or registered assigns, the principal sum of                     

promises to pay to                      or registered assigns, the principal sum of                     

Dollars on          .

Interest Payment Dates:                      .

Record Dates:                      .

PENNSYLVANIA REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST

By

Name:

Title:

This is one of the Notes referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture:

,
as Trustee
By
	Authorized Officer

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% [Series      ] Subordinated Note due [                    ]

Capitalized terms used herein have the meanings assigned to them in the Indenture referred to below unless otherwise indicated.

1.    INTEREST. Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust, a Pennsylvania business trust (the “Company”), promises to pay interest on the principal amount of this Note at     % per annum from [                    ] until maturity. The Company will pay interest [                    ] on                      and                      of each year, or if any such day is not a Business Day, on the next succeeding Business Day (each an “Interest Payment Date”). Interest on the Notes will accrue from the most recent date to which interest has been paid or, if no interest has been paid, from the date of issuance; provided that if there is no existing Default in the payment of interest, and if this Note is authenticated between a record date referred to on the face hereof and the next succeeding Interest Payment Date, interest shall accrue from such next succeeding Interest Payment Date; provided, further, that the first Interest Payment Date shall be                     . The Company shall pay interest (including post-petition interest in any proceeding under any Bankruptcy Law) on overdue installments of interest (without regard to any applicable grace periods) from time to time on demand at the same rate to the extent lawful. Interest will be computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months.

2.    METHOD OF PAYMENT. The Company will pay interest on the Notes (except defaulted interest) to the Persons who are registered Holders of Notes at the close of business on the                      or                      next preceding the Interest Payment Date, even if such Notes are canceled after such record date and on or before such Interest Payment Date, except as provided in Section 2.14 of the Indenture with respect to defaulted interest. The Notes will be payable as to principal, premium and interest at the office or agency of the Company maintained for such purpose within or without the City and State of New York, provided that payment by wire transfer of immediately available funds will be required with respect to principal of and interest and premium on, all Global Notes and all other Notes the Holders of which shall have provided wire transfer instructions to the Company or the Paying Agent. Such payment shall be in such coin or currency of the United States of America as at the time of payment is legal tender for payment of public and private debts.

3.    PAYING AGENT AND REGISTRAR. Initially,                     , the Trustee under the Indenture, will act as Paying Agent and Registrar. The Company may change any Paying Agent or Registrar without notice to any Holder. The Company may act in any such capacity.

4.    INDENTURE. The Company issued the Notes under a Subordinated Indenture dated as of                      (the “Indenture”) between the Company and the Trustee. The terms of the Notes include those stated in the Subordinated Indenture and in [a Supplemental Indenture] [resolutions of [the [                    ] Committee of ] [the Company’s Board of Trustees] [an Officer’s Certificate] dated                     , and those terms made part of the Indenture by reference to the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended (15 U.S. Code § 77aaa-77bbbb) (the “TIA”). The Notes are subject to all such terms, and Holders are referred to the Indenture and the TIA for a statement of such terms. The Notes are general obligations of the Company. “Notes” means this Note and all other Notes of the series of which this Note is a part. The Notes are “Securities” within the meaning of the Indenture, and references in the Indenture to “Securities” (including terms such as “Global Securities”) include the Notes (and any “Global Notes” as used herein).

5.    OPTIONAL REDEMPTION.

[(a)] The Notes will not be redeemable at the Company’s option prior to                     . The Notes may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company on or after                     , at the redemption prices specified below (expressed as percentages of the principal amount thereof), in each case, together with accrued and unpaid interest thereon to the date of redemption, upon not less than 30 nor more than 60 days’ notice, if redeemed during the twelve-month period beginning on of the years indicated below:

Year Redemption
Price

[(b) Notwithstanding the foregoing, prior to                     , the Company may, on any one or more occasions, use the net proceeds of one or more offerings of its capital stock to redeem up to     % of the aggregate principal amount of all Notes that had been issued under the Indenture up to the time of redemption at a

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redemption price of % the principal amount of the Notes redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, to the date of redemption; provided that, after any such redemption, the aggregate principal amount of the Notes outstanding (excluding Notes held by the Company and its Subsidiaries) must equal at least % of the Notes that had been issued under the Indenture up to the time of redemption; and provided further, that any such redemption shall occur within 90 days of the date of closing of such offering of Capital Stock of the Company.]

6.    MANDATORY REDEMPTION. [The Company shall not be required to make mandatory redemption or sinking fund payments with respect to the Notes.] or [Describe mandatory redemption or sinking fund provisions.]

7.    NOTICE OF REDEMPTION. Notice of Redemption will be mailed at least 30 days but not more than 60 days before the redemption date to each Holder whose Notes are to be redeemed at its registered address. Notes in denominations larger than $1,000 may be redeemed in part but only in whole multiples of $1,000, unless all of the Notes held by a Holder are to be redeemed. On and after the redemption date interest ceases to accrue on Notes or portions thereof called for redemption.

8.    DENOMINATION, TRANSFER, EXCHANGE. The Notes are in registered form without coupons in all appropriate denominations. The transfer of Notes may be registered and Notes may be exchanged as provided in the Indenture. The Registrar and the Trustee may require a Holder, among other things, to furnish appropriate endorsements and transfer documents and the Company may require a Holder to pay any taxes and fees required by law or permitted by the Indenture. The Company need not transfer or exchange any Note selected for redemption, except for the unredeemed portion of any Note being redeemed in part. Also, it need not transfer or exchange any Note for a period of 15 days before a selection of Notes to be redeemed.

9.    PERSONS DEEMED OWNERS. The registered Holder of a Note will be treated as its owner for all purposes.

10.    AMENDMENT, SUPPLEMENT AND WAIVER. Subject to certain exceptions, the Indenture or the Notes may be amended or supplemented with the consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Notes and other series of Securities affected (treating the Notes and such other series as a single class), and any existing default or compliance with any provision of the Indenture, the Notes may be waived with the consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Notes and other series of Securities affected (treating the Notes and such other series as a single class). Without the consent of any Holder of a Note, the Indenture or the Notes may be amended or supplemented to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency, to provide for uncertificated Notes in addition to or in place of certificated Notes, to provide for Notes in coupon form, to provide for a successor Trustee, to provide for the assumption of the Company’s obligations to Holders of the Notes in case of a merger or consolidation, to make any change that would provide any additional rights or benefits to the Holders of the Notes or that does not adversely affect the rights under the Indenture of any such Holder, or to comply with the requirements of the SEC in order to effect or maintain the qualification of the Indenture under the TIA.

11.    DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES. Each of the following constitutes an Event of Default: (i) default by the Company in the payment of interest on the Notes when the same becomes due and payable and default continues for a period of 30 days; (ii) default by the Company in the payment of the principal of or premium, if any, on the Notes when the same becomes due and payable at maturity, upon redemption or otherwise; (iii) failure by the Company for 60 days after notice to comply with any of its other agreements in the Indenture or the Notes and (iv) certain events of bankruptcy or insolvency with respect to the Company. If any Event of Default occurs and is continuing, the Trustee or the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the then outstanding Notes and other series of Securities affected (treating the Notes and such other series as a single class) may declare all the Notes to be due and payable immediately. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of an Event of Default arising from certain events of bankruptcy or insolvency with respect to the Company, all outstanding Notes will become due and payable without further action or notice. Holders of the Notes may not enforce the Indenture or the Notes except as provided in the Indenture. Subject to certain limitations, Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Notes and other series of Securities affected (treating the Notes and such other series as a single class) may direct the Trustee in its exercise of any trust or power. The Trustee may withhold from Holders of the Notes notice of any continuing Default or Event of Default (except a Default or Event of Default relating to the payment of

45

principal or interest) if it determines that withholding notice is in their interest. The Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Notes and other series of Securities affected (treating the Notes and such other series as a single class) then outstanding by notice to the Trustee may on behalf of the Holders of all of the Notes waive any existing Default or Event of Default and its consequences under the Indenture except a continuing Default or Event of Default in the payment of principal, interest or premium on the Notes. The Company is required to deliver to the Trustee annually a statement regarding compliance with the Indenture, and the Company is required upon becoming aware of any Default or Event of Default, to deliver to the Trustee a statement specifying such Default or Event of Default.

12.    SUBORDINATION. Each Holder by accepting a Note agrees that the payment of principal of, premium and interest on each Note is subordinated in right of payment, to the extent and in the manner provided in the Indenture, to the prior payment in full of all Senior Debt (whether outstanding on the date of the Indenture or thereafter created, incurred, assumed or guaranteed), and that the subordination is for the benefit of the holders of Senior Debt.

13.    TRUSTEE DEALINGS WITH THE COMPANY. The Trustee, in its individual or any other capacity, may make loans to, accept deposits from, and perform services for the Company or its Affiliates, and may otherwise deal with the Company or its Affiliates, as if it were not the Trustee.

14.    NO RECOURSE AGAINST OTHERS. No trustee, officer, employee, incorporator or stockholder of the Company shall have any liability for any obligations of the Company under the Notes or the Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of, or by reason of, such obligations or their creation. Each Holder of Notes by accepting a Note waives and releases all such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for the issuance of the Notes.

15.    AUTHENTICATION. This Note shall not be valid until authenticated by the manual signature of the Trustee or an authenticating agent.

16.    ABBREVIATIONS. Customary abbreviations may be used in the name of a Holder or an assignee, such as: TEN COM (= tenants in common), TEN ENT (= tenants by the entireties), JT TEN (= joint tenants with right of survivorship and not as tenants in common), CUST (= Custodian), and U/G/M/A (= Uniform Gifts to Minors Act).

17.    CUSIP NUMBERS. Pursuant to a recommendation promulgated by the Committee on Uniform Security Identification Procedures, the Company has caused CUSIP numbers to be printed on the Notes and the Trustee may use CUSIP numbers in notices of redemption as a convenience to Holders. No representation is made as to the accuracy of such numbers either as printed on the Notes or as contained in any notice of redemption and reliance may be placed only on the other identification numbers placed thereon.

The Company will furnish to any Holder upon written request and without charge a copy of the Indenture. Requests may be made to:

Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust

The Bellevue

200 S. Broad Street

Philadelphia, PA 19102

Attention: General Counsel

46

ASSIGNMENT FORM

To assign this Note, fill in the form below: (I) or (we) assign and transfer  this Note to

(Insert assignee’s soc. sec. or tax I.D. no.)

(Print or type assignee’s name, address and zip code)

and irrevocably appoint                      to transfer this Note on the books of the Company. The agent may substitute another to act for him.

Date:                     

Your

Signature:

(Sign exactly as your name appears on the face of this Note)

Signature Guarantee.

47

SCHEDULE OF EXCHANGES OF INTERESTS IN THE GLOBAL NOTE

The following exchanges of a part of this Global Note for an interest in another Global Note or for a certificated Note, or exchanges of a part of another Global Note or certificated Note for an interest in this Global Note, have been made:

Date of Exchange Amount of
decrease in
Principal
Amount of this
Global Note Amount of
increase in
Principal
Amount of this
Global Note Principal
Amount of
this Global Note
following such
decrease
(or increase) Signature of
authorized
officer of
Trustee or
Note Custodian

48

EX-5.1

Exhibit 5.1

Law Offices    One Logan Square    Suite 2000    Philadelphia, PA    19103-6996    215-988-2700    215-988-2757 fax    www.drinkerbiddle.com    CALIFORNIA    CONNECTICUT    DELAWARE    ILLINOIS    NEW JERSEY    NEW YORK    PENNSYLVANIA    TEXAS    WASHINGTON D.C.      Established 1849  December 20, 2019   Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust One Commerce Square, Suite 1000 2005 Market Street Philadelphia, PA 19103   Ladies and Gentlemen:   We have acted as counsel to Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust, a Pennsylvania business trust (the “Trust”), in connection with the preparation and filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission of the Trust’s registration statement on Form S-3 (the “Registration Statement”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, with respect to the contemplated issuance by the Trust from time to time of (i) common shares of beneficial interest in the Trust, par value $1.00 per share (the “Shares”), (ii) preferred shares of beneficial interest in the Trust (the “Preferred Shares”), (iii) senior debt securities of the Trust (the “Senior Debt Securities”), (iv) senior subordinated debt securities of the Trust (the “Senior Subordinated Debt Securities”), (v) subordinated debt securities of the Trust (the “Subordinated Debt Securities” and, together with the Senior Debt Securities and the Senior Subordinated Debt Securities, the “Debt Securities,” each of which is to be issued pursuant to respective indentures between the Trust and an indenture trustee (the “Indentures”)), (vi) warrants to purchase Shares, Preferred Shares, Debt Securities, Depositary Shares (as defined below), Rights (as defined below) or any combination thereof as shall be designated by the Trust at the time of the offering (the “Warrants”) and to be issued pursuant to the terms of one or more warrant agreements (the “Warrant Agreements”), (vii) shareholder rights (the “Rights”) to be issued pursuant to the terms of one or more rights agreements (the “Rights Agreements”), (viii) depositary shares (the “Depositary Shares”) representing fractional interests in Preferred Shares to be issued under one or more depositary agreements (the “Depositary Agreements”), and (ix) units consisting of any combination of the foregoing securities (the “Units”) and to be issued pursuant to one or more unit agreements (the “Unit Agreements”). Collectively, the Shares, Preferred Shares, Debt Securities, Warrants, Rights, Depositary Shares and Units are referred to as the “Securities.”   For purposes of this opinion, we have examined originals or copies, certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, of the Registration Statement, the forms of indenture filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement, the Amended and Restated Trust Agreement and the By-laws of the Trust, each as amended through the date hereof, resolutions adopted by the Trust’s Board of Trustees, a Subsistence Certificate from the Secretary of State of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania dated December 16, 2019 (the “Subsistence Certificate”) and such other agreements, instruments, documents and records relating to the Trust and the issuance and sale of the Securities as we have deemed appropriate. In all such examinations, we have assumed the legal capacity of each natural person signing any of the documents and records examined by us, the genuineness of signatures, the authenticity of documents submitted to us as originals, the conformity to authentic original documents of documents submitted to us as copies, and the accuracy and completeness of all records and other information made available to us by the Trust. To the extent our opinions below are dependent on the existence and good standing under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, we have relied exclusively on the Subsistence Certificate.   Based on the foregoing and consideration of such questions of law as we have deemed relevant, and subject to the qualifications expressed below, we are of the opinion that:   1. The Shares, including for the avoidance of doubt any Shares forming part of a Unit, when the terms of the issuance and sale thereof have been duly approved by the Board of Trustees of the Trust in conformity with the Trust’s Trust Agreement and By-laws, and when issued and delivered against payment therefor, and if issued upon the exercise or conversion of any Preferred Shares, Debt Securities, Warrants  

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December 20, 2019

Page 2

or Rights, when issued and delivered as contemplated by the terms thereof and of the applicable Preferred Share designation, Indenture, Warrant Agreement or Rights Agreement relating thereto, will be validly issued and purchasers thereof will have no obligation to make payments to the Trust or its creditors (other than the purchase price for the Securities) or contributions to the Trust or its creditors solely by reason of the purchasers’ ownership of the Securities.

2. Upon the fixing of the designations and relative rights, preferences, privileges, qualifications, limitations and restrictions of any series of Preferred Shares, including for the avoidance of doubt any Preferred Shares underlying any Depositary Shares or forming part of a Unit, by the Board of Trustees of the Trust and proper and valid filing with the Secretary of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania of an amendment to the Trust’s Trust Agreement setting forth such designations and relative rights, preferences, privileges, qualifications, limitations and restrictions, if any, with respect to such series of Preferred Shares, all in conformity with the Trust’s Trust Agreement, By-laws and applicable law and upon the approval by the Board of Trustees of the Trust of the terms of the issuance and sale thereof, all necessary business trust action on the part of the Trust will have been taken to authorize the issuance and sale of such series of Preferred Shares, and when such Preferred Shares are issued and delivered against payment therefor, and, if issued upon the exercise or conversion of any Debt Securities, Warrants or Rights, when issued and delivered as contemplated by the terms thereof and of the applicable Indenture, Warrant Agreement or Rights Agreement relating thereto, such Preferred Shares will be validly issued and purchasers thereof will have no obligation to make payments to the Trust or its creditors (other than the purchase price for the Securities) or contributions to the Trust or its creditors solely by reason of the purchasers’ ownership of the Securities.

3. When (a) the issuance, execution and delivery by the Trust of the applicable Indenture and related Debt Securities have been duly approved by all necessary business trust action on the part of the Trust, (b) the applicable Indenture has been duly executed and delivered by the Trust and duly authorized, executed and delivered by the trustee of such Indenture in the form filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement or, pursuant to the applicable rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission, on a Form 8-K, (c) the terms of the Debt Securities and their issue and sale have been duly established in conformity with the applicable Indenture so as not to violate any applicable law or agreement or instrument then binding on the Trust, and (d) the Debt Securities have been duly executed and authenticated in accordance with the terms of the applicable Indenture and issued and paid for as contemplated in the Registration Statement, the applicable supplement to the prospectus included in the Registration Statement, and any underwriting, purchase or similar agreement, and, if issued upon the exercise of any Warrants or Rights, when issued and delivered as contemplated by the terms thereof and of any applicable Warrant Agreement or Rights Agreement relating thereto, the Debt Securities, including for the avoidance of doubt any Debt Securities forming part of a Unit, will constitute binding obligations of the Trust, enforceable against the Trust in accordance with their terms, subject to (i) bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, fraudulent transfer, moratorium or other laws now or hereafter in effect affecting creditors’ rights generally and (ii) general principals of equity (including, without limitation, standards of materiality, good faith, fair dealing and reasonableness), whether considered in a proceeding in equity or at law.

4. When (a) the issuance, execution and delivery by the Trust of any Warrants shall have been duly authorized by all necessary business trust action of the Trust, (b) the Warrant Agreement relating thereto shall have been duly executed and delivered by the Trust, shall have been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the other party or parties thereto and shall have been entered into in compliance with any applicable law or agreement or instrument then binding on the Trust and (c) such Warrants shall have been duly executed and delivered by the Trust and paid for as contemplated in the Registration Statement, the

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Page 3

applicable supplement to the prospectus included in the Registration Statement, any underwriting, purchase or similar agreement, and the Warrant Agreement relating thereto, and, if issued upon the exercise of any Rights, when issued and delivered as contemplated by the terms thereof and of any applicable Rights Agreement relating thereto, such Warrants, including for the avoidance of doubt any Warrants forming part of a Unit, will be validly issued and will constitute binding obligations of the Trust, enforceable against the Trust in accordance with their terms, subject to (i) bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, fraudulent transfer, moratorium or other laws now or hereafter in effect affecting creditors’ rights generally and (ii) general principles of equity (including, without limitation, standards of materiality, good faith, fair dealing and reasonableness), whether considered in a proceeding in equity or at law.

5. When (a) the issuance, execution and delivery by the Trust of any Rights shall have been duly authorized by all necessary business trust action of the Trust, (b) the Rights Agreement relating thereto shall have been duly executed and delivered by the Trust and duly authorized, executed and delivered by the other party or parties thereto and shall have been entered into in compliance with any applicable law or agreement or instrument then binding on the Trust, and (c) such Rights shall have been duly executed and delivered by the Trust and paid for as contemplated in the Registration Statement, the applicable supplements to the prospectus included in the Registration Statement, any underwriting, purchase or similar agreement, and the Rights Agreement relating thereto, and, if issued upon the exercise of any Warrants, when issued and delivered as contemplated by the terms thereof and of any applicable Warrant Agreement relating thereto, such Rights, including for the avoidance of doubt any Rights forming part of a Unit, will be validly issued and will constitute binding obligations of the Trust, enforceable against the Trust in accordance with their terms, subject to (i) bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, fraudulent transfer, moratorium or other laws now or hereafter in effect affecting creditors’ rights generally, and (ii) general principles of equity (including, without limitation, standards of materiality, good faith, fair dealing and reasonableness), whether considered in a proceeding in equity or at law.

6. When (a) the issuance, execution and delivery by the Trust of any Depositary Shares shall have been duly authorized by all necessary business trust action of the Trust, (b) the Depositary Agreement relating thereto shall have been duly executed and delivered by the Trust and duly authorized, executed and delivered by the other party or parties thereto and shall have been entered into in compliance with any applicable law or agreement or instrument then binding on the Trust, (c) each of the assumptions expressed above in paragraph 2 with respect to the Preferred Shares underlying the Depositary Shares are true, (d) the Preferred Shares underlying the Depositary Shares have been deposited by the Trust with the depository under the Depositary Agreement, (e) such Depositary Shares shall have been delivered by the Trust and paid for as contemplated in the Registration Statement, the applicable supplements to the prospectus included in the Registration Statement, any underwriting, purchase or similar agreement, and the Depositary Agreement related thereto, and, if issued upon the exercise of any Warrants or Rights, when issued and delivered as contemplated by the terms thereof and of any applicable Warrant Agreement or Rights Agreement relating thereto, such Depositary Shares, including for the avoidance of doubt any Depositary Shares forming part of a Unit, will be legally issued and will entitle the holders thereof to the rights specified therein and the Depositary Agreement pursuant to which they are issued.

7. When (a) the issuance, execution and delivery by the Trust of any Units shall have been duly authorized by all necessary business trust action of the Trust, (b) the Unit Agreement relating thereto shall have been duly executed and delivered by the Trust and duly authorized, executed and delivered by the other party or parties thereto and shall have been entered into in compliance with any applicable law or agreement or instrument then binding on the Trust, and (c) such Units shall have been duly executed and delivered by the Trust and paid for as contemplated in the Registration Statement, the applicable

Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust

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Page 4

supplements to the prospectus included in the Registration Statement, any underwriting, purchase or similar agreement and the Unit Agreement relating thereto, and, if issued upon the exercise or of any Rights, when issued and delivered as contemplated by the terms thereof and of any applicable Rights Agreement relating thereto, such Units will be validly issued and will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Trust, enforceable against the Trust in accordance with their terms, subject to (i) bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, fraudulent transfer, moratorium or other laws now or hereafter in effect affecting creditors’ rights generally, and (ii) general principles of equity (including, without limitation, standards of materiality, good faith, fair dealing and reasonableness), whether considered in a proceeding in equity or at law.

In connection with the opinions expressed above, we have assumed that, at or prior to the time of the delivery of any such Security, (i) the Registration Statement shall have become effective and such effectiveness shall not have been terminated or rescinded, (ii) there shall not have occurred any change in law affecting the validity or enforceability of such Security, and (iii) upon the issuance of any Shares or Preferred Shares, including any Preferred Shares underlying Depositary Shares and any Shares or Preferred Shares issuable upon the conversion or exercise of another Security, the total number of Shares and Preferred Shares, respectively, issued and outstanding will not exceed the total number of Shares and Preferred Shares, respectively, that the Trust is then authorized to issue under its Trust Agreement and By-laws. We have also assumed that none of the terms of any Security to be established subsequent to the date hereof, nor the issuance and delivery of such Security, nor the compliance by the Trust with the terms of such Security will violate any applicable law or will result in a violation of any provision of any instrument or agreement then binding upon the Trust, or any restriction imposed by any court or governmental body having jurisdiction over the Trust. We express no opinion concerning the laws of any jurisdiction other than (i) the law of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and (ii) solely with respect to the Indentures, the law of the State of New York.

We hereby consent to the reference to our firm under the caption “Legal Matters” in the prospectus included in the Registration Statement and to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement. In giving this consent, we do not admit that we come within the categories of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or under the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission issued thereunder. This opinion is given as of the date hereof, and we assume no responsibility for updating this opinion to take into account any event, action, interpretation or change in law occurring subsequent to the date hereof that may affect the validity of any of the opinions expressed herein.

Very truly yours,

/s/ Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP

DRINKER BIDDLE & REATH LLP

EX-8.1

Exhibit 8.1

Law Offices    One Logan Square    Suite 2000    Philadelphia, PA    19103-6996    215-988-2700    215-988-2757 fax    www.drinkerbiddle.com    CALIFORNIA    CONNECTICUT    DELAWARE    ILLINOIS    NEW JERSEY    NEW YORK    PENNSYLVANIA    TEXAS    WASHINGTON D.C.    Established 1849    December 20, 2019   Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust One Commerce Square, Suite 1000 2005 Market Street Philadelphia, PA 19103   Ladies and Gentlemen:   You have requested our opinion concerning certain federal income tax matters in connection with the preparation and filing by Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust, a Pennsylvania business trust (the “Trust”), of a registration statement on Form S-3 (the “Registration Statement”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, with respect to the contemplated issuance by the Trust from time to time of common shares of beneficial interest, par value $1.00 per share; preferred shares of beneficial interest; debt securities, which may be senior debt securities, senior subordinated debt securities, or subordinated debt securities; warrants exercisable for common shares, preferred shares, debt securities, depositary shares, rights, or other securities; rights; depositary shares; and units consisting of any combination of these securities.   This opinion is based, in part, on various assumptions and the representations made by you as to factual matters set forth in the Registration Statement and in a letter delivered to us by you today. This opinion is also based upon the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), Treasury Regulations promulgated under it, and existing administrative and judicial interpretations, all as they exist as of the date of this letter. All of these statutory provisions, regulations, and interpretations are subject to change, in some circumstances with retroactive effect. Any changes to these authorities might result in modifications of our opinions contained in this letter.   Based on the foregoing, we are of the opinion that:   1. For all years as to which the Trust’s tax returns remain open for adjustment by the Internal Revenue Service, the Trust has been organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification as a “real estate investment trust” under the Code, and the Trust’s method of operation, as described in the representations referred to above, has been such as to enable it to meet, and to continue to meet, the requirements for qualification and taxation as a “real estate investment trust” under the Code.   2. The statements in the Prospectus set forth under the caption “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences,” to the extent those statements constitute matters of law, summaries of legal matters, or legal conclusions, and subject to the limitations expressed therein, have been reviewed by us and are accurate in all material respects.   We express no opinion with respect to the matters described in the Prospectus other than those expressly set forth herein. This opinion represents our best legal judgment, but it has no binding effect or official status of any kind, and no assurance can be given that contrary positions may not be taken by the Internal Revenue Service or by a court.  

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Page 2

This opinion is given as of the date hereof, and we assume no responsibility for updating this opinion to take into account any event, action, interpretation or change in law occurring subsequent to the date hereof that may affect the validity of any of the opinions expressed herein.

We hereby consent to the use of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the reference to our firm in the Registration Statement under the caption “Legal Matters.” In giving this consent, we do not admit that we come within the categories of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or under the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission issued thereunder.

Very truly yours,

/s/ Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP

DRINKER BIDDLE & REATH LLP

EX-23.1

Exhibit 23.1

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Trustees and Shareholders

Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust:

We consent to the use of our reports dated February 25, 2019 with respect to the consolidated balance sheets of Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes and financial statement schedule (collectively, the consolidated financial statements), and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, incorporated herein by reference and to the reference to our firm under the heading “Experts” in the prospectus.

/s/ KPMG LLP

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

December 20, 2019

EX-23.2

Exhibit 23.2

Consent of Independent Auditors

We consent to the reference of our firm under the caption “Experts” and to the use of our report dated February 13, 2017, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Lehigh Valley Associates and Subsidiary included in the Annual Report (Form 10-K) of Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust for the year ended December 31, 2016 incorporated by reference in this Registration Statement (Form S-3) and related Prospectus of Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust for the registration of its securities.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Indianapolis, Indiana

December 20, 2019