-----BEGIN PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE----- Proc-Type: 2001,MIC-CLEAR Originator-Name: webmaster@www.sec.gov Originator-Key-Asymmetric: MFgwCgYEVQgBAQICAf8DSgAwRwJAW2sNKK9AVtBzYZmr6aGjlWyK3XmZv3dTINen TWSM7vrzLADbmYQaionwg5sDW3P6oaM5D3tdezXMm7z1T+B+twIDAQAB MIC-Info: RSA-MD5,RSA, MWno9cU2TRyvteEkM/QiqPaoAUDTQltwuO1mUJztxE4I5IAqjRUWycStVRcuSThs ADJjSJsT9NQD9OQdDJ1TeQ== 0000950130-00-002628.txt : 20000508 0000950130-00-002628.hdr.sgml : 20000508 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0000950130-00-002628 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 424B3 PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 1 FILED AS OF DATE: 20000505 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: BETTER MINERALS & AGGREGATES CO CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001108673 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: MINING, QUARRYING OF NONMETALLIC MINERALS (NO FUELS) [1400] IRS NUMBER: 550749125 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 424B3 SEC ACT: SEC FILE NUMBER: 333-32518 FILM NUMBER: 620904 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: ROUTE 522 NORTH STREET 2: P O BOX 187 CITY: BERKELEY SPRINGS STATE: WV ZIP: 25411 BUSINESS PHONE: 3042582500 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: ROUTE 522 NORTH STREET 2: P O BOX 187 CITY: BERKELEY SPRINGS STATE: WV ZIP: 25411 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: PENNSYLVANIA GLASS SAND CORP CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000077245 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: [] IRS NUMBER: 943024593 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 424B3 SEC ACT: SEC FILE NUMBER: 333-32518-01 FILM NUMBER: 620905 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: ROUTE 522 NORTH STREET 2: P O BOX 187 CITY: BERKELEY SPRINGS STATE: WV ZIP: 25411 BUSINESS PHONE: 3042582500 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: ROUTE 522 NORTH STREET 2: P O BOX 187 CITY: BERKELEY SPRINGS STATE: WV ZIP: 25411 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: US SILICA CO CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001108675 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: [] IRS NUMBER: 230958670 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 424B3 SEC ACT: SEC FILE NUMBER: 333-32518-02 FILM NUMBER: 620906 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: ROUTE 522 NORTH STREET 2: P O BOX 187 CITY: BERKELEY SPRINGS STATE: WV ZIP: 25411 BUSINESS PHONE: 3042582500 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: ROUTE 522 NORTH STREET 2: P O BOX 187 CITY: BERKELEY SPRINGS STATE: WV ZIP: 25411 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: BETTER MATERIALS CORP CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001108676 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: [] IRS NUMBER: 231542403 STATE OF INCORPORATION: PA FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 424B3 SEC ACT: SEC FILE NUMBER: 333-32518-03 FILM NUMBER: 620907 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: ROUTE 522 NORTH STREET 2: P O BOX 187 CITY: BERKELEY SPRINGS STATE: WV ZIP: 25411 BUSINESS PHONE: 3042582500 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: ROUTE 522 NORTH STREET 2: P O BOX 187 CITY: BERKELEY SPRINGS STATE: WV ZIP: 25411 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: BMC TRUCKING INC CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001108677 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: [] IRS NUMBER: 232986246 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 424B3 SEC ACT: SEC FILE NUMBER: 333-32518-04 FILM NUMBER: 620908 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: ROUTE 522 NORTH STREET 2: P O BOX 187 CITY: BERKELEY SPRINGS STATE: WV ZIP: 25411 BUSINESS PHONE: 3042582500 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: ROUTE 522 NORTH STREET 2: P O BOX 187 CITY: BERKELEY SPRINGS STATE: WV ZIP: 25411 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: BUCKS COUNTY CRUSHED STONE CO CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001108679 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: [] IRS NUMBER: 231468333 STATE OF INCORPORATION: PA FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 424B3 SEC ACT: SEC FILE NUMBER: 333-32518-05 FILM NUMBER: 620909 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: ROUTE 522 NORTH STREET 2: P O BOX 187 CITY: BERKELEY SPRINGS STATE: WV ZIP: 25411 BUSINESS PHONE: 3042582500 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: ROUTE 522 NORTH STREET 2: P O BOX 187 CITY: BERKELEY SPRINGS STATE: WV ZIP: 25411 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: CHIPPEWA FARMS CORP CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001108680 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: [] IRS NUMBER: 232160463 STATE OF INCORPORATION: PA FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 424B3 SEC ACT: SEC FILE NUMBER: 333-32518-06 FILM NUMBER: 620910 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: ROUTE 522 NORTH STREET 2: P O BOX 187 CITY: BERKELEY SPRINGS STATE: WV ZIP: 25411 BUSINESS PHONE: 3042582500 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: ROUTE 522 NORTH STREET 2: P O BOX 187 CITY: BERKELEY SPRINGS STATE: WV ZIP: 25411 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: SHORE STONE CO INC CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001108681 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: [] IRS NUMBER: 232243672 STATE OF INCORPORATION: NJ FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 424B3 SEC ACT: SEC FILE NUMBER: 333-32518-07 FILM NUMBER: 620911 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: ROUTE 522 NORTH STREET 2: P O BOX 187 CITY: BERKELEY SPRINGS STATE: WV ZIP: 25411 BUSINESS PHONE: 3042582500 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: ROUTE 522 NORTH STREET 2: P O BOX 187 CITY: BERKELEY SPRINGS STATE: WV ZIP: 25411 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: PETTINOS GEORGE F INC CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001108684 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: [] IRS NUMBER: 230966840 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 424B3 SEC ACT: SEC FILE NUMBER: 333-32518-08 FILM NUMBER: 620912 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: ROUTE 522 NORTH STREET 2: P O BOX 187 CITY: BERKELEY SPRINGS STATE: WV ZIP: 25411 BUSINESS PHONE: 3042582500 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: ROUTE 522 NORTH STREET 2: P O BOX 187 CITY: BERKELEY SPRINGS STATE: WV ZIP: 25411 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: OTTAWA SILICA CO CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001108685 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: [] IRS NUMBER: 943093543 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 424B3 SEC ACT: SEC FILE NUMBER: 333-32518-09 FILM NUMBER: 620913 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: ROUTE 522 NORTH STREET 2: P O BOX 187 CITY: BERKELEY SPRINGS STATE: WV ZIP: 25411 BUSINESS PHONE: 3042582500 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: ROUTE 522 NORTH STREET 2: P O BOX 187 CITY: BERKELEY SPRINGS STATE: WV ZIP: 25411 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: FULTON LAND & TIMBER CO CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001108686 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: [] IRS NUMBER: 231622540 STATE OF INCORPORATION: PA FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 424B3 SEC ACT: SEC FILE NUMBER: 333-32518-10 FILM NUMBER: 620914 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: ROUTE 522 NORTH STREET 2: P O BOX 187 CITY: BERKELEY SPRINGS STATE: WV ZIP: 25411 BUSINESS PHONE: 3042582500 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: ROUTE 522 NORTH STREET 2: P O BOX 187 CITY: BERKELEY SPRINGS STATE: WV ZIP: 25411 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: COMMERCIAL STONE CO INC CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001108687 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: [] IRS NUMBER: 251225764 STATE OF INCORPORATION: PA FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 424B3 SEC ACT: SEC FILE NUMBER: 333-32518-11 FILM NUMBER: 620915 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: ROUTE 522 NORTH STREET 2: P O BOX 187 CITY: BERKELEY SPRINGS STATE: WV ZIP: 25411 BUSINESS PHONE: 3042582500 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: ROUTE 522 NORTH STREET 2: P O BOX 187 CITY: BERKELEY SPRINGS STATE: WV ZIP: 25411 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: ELLEN JAY INC CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001108688 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: [] IRS NUMBER: 222033676 STATE OF INCORPORATION: NJ FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 424B3 SEC ACT: SEC FILE NUMBER: 333-32518-12 FILM NUMBER: 620916 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: ROUTE 522 NORTH STREET 2: P O BOX 187 CITY: BERKELEY SPRINGS STATE: WV ZIP: 25411 BUSINESS PHONE: 3042582500 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: ROUTE 522 NORTH STREET 2: P O BOX 187 CITY: BERKELEY SPRINGS STATE: WV ZIP: 25411 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: STONE MATERIALS CO LLC CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001108689 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: [] IRS NUMBER: 522205266 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 424B3 SEC ACT: SEC FILE NUMBER: 333-32518-13 FILM NUMBER: 620917 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: ROUTE 522 NORTH STREET 2: P O BOX 187 CITY: BERKELEY SPRINGS STATE: WV ZIP: 25411 BUSINESS PHONE: 3042582500 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: ROUTE 522 NORTH STREET 2: P O BOX 187 CITY: BERKELEY SPRINGS STATE: WV ZIP: 25411 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: COMMERCIAL AGGREGATES TRANSPORTATION & SALES LLC CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001108690 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: [] IRS NUMBER: 251846125 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 424B3 SEC ACT: SEC FILE NUMBER: 333-32518-14 FILM NUMBER: 620918 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: ROUTE 522 NORTH STREET 2: P O BOX 187 CITY: BERKELEY SPRINGS STATE: WV ZIP: 25411 BUSINESS PHONE: 3042582500 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: ROUTE 522 NORTH STREET 2: P O BOX 187 CITY: BERKELEY SPRINGS STATE: WV ZIP: 25411 424B3 1 FILED PURSUANT TO RULE 424 (B)(3) Filed Pursuant to Rule 424 (B)(3) Registration No.333-32518 to 333-32518-14 Prospectus Better Minerals & Aggregates Company 13% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2009 We will issue the 13% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2009 ("new notes"), which have been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, in exchange for our 13% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2009 ("old notes") in our exchange offer. Change of Control Maturity . If we experience a change of . The new notes will mature on control, we must offer to purchase September 15, 2009. the new notes at 101% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest. Interest . Interest on the new notes will be Security and Ranking payable on March 15 and September 15 of each year. . The new notes will not be secured by any collateral. Redemption . The new notes will be subordinated to all of our senior debt, will rank equally with all of our other senior subordinated debt and will rank senior to all of our subordinated debt. . We may redeem some or all of the new notes at any time after September 15, 2004. . We may also redeem up to 35% of the new notes prior to September 15, 2002 with the net proceeds of certain equity issuances. Guarantees . The redemption prices are . If we fail to make payments on the described on page 66. new notes, our guarantor subsidiaries must make them instead. These guarantees will be senior subordinated obligations of our guarantor subsidiaries. Not all of our subsidiaries will be guaranteeing the new notes. ---------------------------------------------------------- We prepared this prospectus for use by Chase Securities Inc. ("CSI") in connection with offers and sales related to market-making transactions in the new notes. CSI may act as principal or agent in these transactions. These sales will be made at prices related to prevailing market prices at the time of sale at prices related thereto or at negotiated prices. We will not receive any of the proceeds of these sales. ---------------------------------------------------------- YOU SHOULD CAREFULLY CONSIDER THE RISK FACTORS BEGINNING ON PAGE 12 OF THIS PROSPECTUS IN EVALUATING AN INVESTMENT IN THE NEW NOTES. ---------------------------------------------------------- Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. ---------------------------------------------------------- Chase Securities Inc. ---------------------------------------------------------- The date of this prospectus is May 5, 2000. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page ---- Where You Can Find More Information...................................... ii Forward-Looking Statements............................................... ii Industry Data............................................................ iii Measurements............................................................. iii Summary.................................................................. 1 Risk Factors............................................................. 12 Use of Proceeds.......................................................... 22 Capitalization........................................................... 22 Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Data.......................... 23 Selected Financial Data.................................................. 27 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations........................................................... 28 Industry Overview........................................................ 37 Business................................................................. 39 Management............................................................... 50 Certain Relationships and Related Transactions........................... 54 Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management........... 56 Description of the New Credit Facilities................................. 61 Description of the New Notes............................................. 64 Book-Entry; Delivery and Form............................................ 106 Plan of Distribution..................................................... 109 Legal Matters............................................................ 109 Experts.................................................................. 109 Index to Consolidated Financial Statements............................... F-1
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION We will file annual and quarterly reports and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission. You may read and copy any reports, documents and other information we file at the Securities and Exchange Commission's public reference rooms in Washington, D.C., New York, New York, and Chicago, Illinois. Please call 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference rooms. Our filings will also be available to the public from commercial document retrieval services and at the web site maintained by the Securities and Exchange Commission at http://www.sec.gov. We have filed a registration statement on Form S-4 to register the new notes with the Securities and Exchange Commission. This prospectus is part of that registration statement. As allowed by the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules, this prospectus does not contain all of the information you can find in the registration statement and the exhibits to the registration statement. We have not authorized anyone to give you any information or to make any representations about us or the transactions we discuss in this prospectus other than those contained in this prospectus. If you are given any information or representations about these matters that is not discussed in this prospectus, you must not rely on that information. This prospectus is not an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy securities anywhere or to anyone where or to whom we are not permitted to offer or sell securities under applicable law. The delivery of this prospectus does not, under any circumstances, mean that there has not been a change in our affairs since the date of this prospectus. It also does not mean that the information in this prospectus is correct after this date. FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS This prospectus includes "forward-looking statements" including, in particular, the statements about our plans, strategies and prospects under the headings "Summary," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and "Business." We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and projections about future events. Although we believe that our plans, intentions and expectations reflected in or suggested by those forward-looking statements are reasonable, we can give no assurance that our plans, intentions or expectations will be achieved. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements we make in this prospectus are set forth in this prospectus, including factors disclosed under "Risk Factors." We believe that the following factors, among others, could affect our future performance and cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements made in this prospectus: . general and regional economic conditions, including the economy in the states in which we have production facilities and in which we sell our products; . demand for residential and commercial construction; . demand for automobiles and other vehicles; . levels of government spending on road and other infrastructure construction; . the competitive nature of the industrial minerals and aggregates industries; . operating risks typical of the industrial minerals and aggregates industries; . difficulties in, and unanticipated expense of, assimilating newly- acquired businesses; . fluctuations in prices for, and availability of, transportation and power; ii . unfavorable weather conditions; . regulatory compliance, including compliance with environmental and silica exposure regulations, by us and our customers; . litigation affecting us and our customers; . changes in the demand for our products due to the availability of substitutes for products of our customers; and . labor unrest. Except for our ongoing obligations to disclose material information under the federal securities laws, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, our future performance may differ materially from that expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements discussed in this prospectus. INDUSTRY DATA Information contained in this prospectus concerning the industrial minerals and aggregates industries, our general expectations concerning these industries and our market position and market share within these industries and the end use markets we serve are based on estimates prepared by us using data from various sources (primarily the U.S. Geological Survey, including its web site at www.usgs.gov, the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the United States Senate and data from our internal research) and on assumptions made by us, based on that data and our knowledge of these industries, which we believe to be reasonable. We believe data regarding the industrial minerals and aggregates industries and our market position and market share within those industries and the end use markets we serve are inherently imprecise, but are generally indicative of their size and our market position and market share within those industries and end use markets. While we are not aware of any misstatements regarding any industry data presented in this prospectus, our estimates, particularly as they relate to our general expectations concerning the industrial minerals and aggregates industries, involve risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed under the caption "Risk Factors" in this prospectus. Information contained in this prospectus relating to the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century comes primarily from the United States Department of Transportation's web site located at www.fhwa.dot.gov. MEASUREMENTS When used in this prospectus: . data in tons or tonnage is measured in "short" tons (2,000 pounds); . mesh refers to size measured in sieve openings per square inch and thus as mesh size increases, particle size decreases; and . microns refer to size (1 micron is equal to 0.00004 of an inch). iii SUMMARY This summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. This prospectus includes information about the new notes, as well as information regarding our business, certain recent transactions entered into by us and detailed financial data. You should read this entire prospectus carefully, including the "Risk Factors" section and the financial statements and the notes thereto. Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, all references in this prospectus to "we," "us," "our" and similar terms, as well as references to "Better Minerals & Aggregates," refer to Better Minerals & Aggregates Company (formerly known as USS Intermediate Holdco, Inc.) and its direct and indirect subsidiaries, including Commercial Stone Co., Inc. ("Commercial Stone Co.") and Commercial Aggregates Transportation and Sales, L.P. ("CATS"), which we acquired on October 1, 1999, and all references to the "issuer" refer to Better Minerals & Aggregates Company only and not to any of its subsidiaries. In addition, all references in this prospectus to "USS Holdings" refer to USS Holdings, Inc., our indirect parent, all references to "BMAC Holdings" refer to BMAC Holdings, Inc., our direct parent, and all references to "U.S. Silica" refer to U.S. Silica Company, one of our subsidiaries. Unless otherwise indicated, when we set forth financial or other information in this prospectus on a pro forma basis for the year ended December 31, 1999, that information gives effect to the Transactions (as defined below) and the acquisition of certain operating assets in southern New Jersey from Unimin Corporation (the "Morie Assets") on April 9, 1999 as if they had occurred on January 1, 1999. When we refer to our aggregates business in this prospectus, it includes our hot mixed asphalt business. Any reference to "notes" in this prospectus refers to both "old notes" and "new notes," unless the context otherwise requires. Better Minerals & Aggregates Company We mine, process and market industrial minerals, principally silica, in the eastern and midwestern United States. We also mine, process and market aggregates and produce and market hot mixed asphalt in certain geographic areas in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. We are the second leading producer of silica in the United States, accounting for approximately 23% of industry volume in 1999. We believe that we have leading positions in most of our key end use markets for our silica products, typically occupying the number one or two position by sales. These end use markets include container glass, fiberglass, specialty glass, flat glass, fillers and extenders (primarily used in paints and coatings), chemicals and ceramics. We also supply our silica products to the foundry, building materials and other end use markets. Our customers use our aggregates, which consist of high quality crushed stone, construction sand and gravel, for road construction and maintenance, other infrastructure projects and residential and commercial construction and to produce hot mixed asphalt and concrete products. We also use our aggregates to produce hot mixed asphalt. We operate a network of 25 production facilities in 14 states. Many of our production facilities are located near major modes of transportation and our significant customers, which reduces transportation costs and enhances customer service. Our principal industrial minerals and aggregates properties each have deposits that we believe will support production in excess of 15 years. On a pro forma basis, our industrial minerals business (substantially all the net sales of which consist of silica products) and our aggregates business accounted for 65.2% and 34.8% of our net sales, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 1999. On a pro forma basis, we had net sales of $248.1 million for the year ended December 31, 1999. Industry Overview In 1998, consumption of silica in the United States was approximately 29.0 million tons, generating sales of approximately $491 million. The distinct characteristics of silica--size, purity, color, inertness, hardness and resistance to high temperatures--make it difficult to substitute in a 1 variety of applications. From 1988 to 1998, sales of silica in the United States grew at a compound annual growth rate of approximately 2.7%. This growth resulted from increased demand across a wide variety of end use markets. In 1998, consumption of aggregates (not including hot mixed asphalt) in the United States was approximately 2.8 billion tons, generating sales of approximately $13.5 billion. Aggregates consist of crushed stone, construction sand and gravel. From 1988 to 1998, sales of aggregates in the United States grew at a compound annual growth rate of approximately 4.4%. This growth resulted from increased demand for road construction and maintenance, other infrastructure projects and residential and commercial construction. We believe demand for aggregates will increase due to the passage by Congress in 1998 of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century ("TEA-21"). TEA-21 establishes a $218 billion transportation program that provides for increased federal funding for highways and related infrastructure improvements through 2003. TEA-21 authorizes average annual federal spending on highways and related infrastructure improvements of approximately $26 billion, approximately 44% higher than the average annual federal spending of $18 billion under the predecessor program. In Pennsylvania and New Jersey, our primary aggregates markets, average annual federal spending on highways and related infrastructure improvements under TEA-21 is projected to be approximately 47% and 30% higher, respectively, than under the predecessor program. Transportation costs are a significant portion of the total cost of industrial minerals and aggregates to customers, typically representing up to 50% of that cost. As a result, the industrial minerals and aggregates markets are typically local, and competition from beyond the local area is limited. Industrial minerals and aggregates are usually shipped within 200 miles and 75 miles of the plant, respectively, while hot mixed asphalt is usually shipped within 30 miles. However, certain high margin industrial minerals products, such as fine ground silica, may be distributed nationally and, in some cases, internationally due to the high value of these products relative to transportation costs. Competitive Strengths Leading Positions in Attractive End Use Markets and Geographic Areas. We are the second leading producer of silica in the United States, accounting for approximately 23% of industry volume in 1999. We believe that we have leading positions in most of our key end use markets for our silica products, typically occupying the number one or two position by sales. These end use markets include container glass, fiberglass, specialty glass, flat glass, fillers and extenders, chemicals and ceramics. In addition, we believe that our aggregates business maintains leading positions in the key geographic areas we serve, including the Pittsburgh and Philadelphia metropolitan areas. Both the industrial minerals and aggregates industries in the United States have been characterized by stable historical growth. For the period between 1988 and 1998, sales of silica and aggregates in the United States have increased at a compound annual growth rate of approximately 2.7% and 4.4%, respectively. We believe the growth in sales for silica will continue at this stable rate. Furthermore, we believe demand for aggregates will grow due to the passage of TEA-21, which will increase average annual federal spending on highways and related infrastructure improvements through 2003 by approximately 44% over the predecessor program. Low Cost Supplier. We believe that we are a low cost supplier of industrial minerals and aggregates in the end use markets and geographic areas in which we compete. Our largest industrial minerals facilities are located on major railroad routes and near our significant customers. In addition, we utilize multiple modes of transportation such as trucks, rail and rail-truck transfer facilities to obtain competitive freight rates. Our western Pennsylvania aggregates business is positioned closer 2 to the interstate highway system surrounding the Pittsburgh metropolitan area than the operations of many of our competitors, providing us with a cost advantage. In addition, our investments in technology have improved efficiencies and have also contributed to our position as a low cost supplier. Diverse Revenue Base. We provide a wide range of products to a diverse customer base, serving numerous end use markets. We believe that this diversity mitigates the impact of adverse economic conditions in any end use market that we serve. For example, on a pro forma basis for the year ended December 31, 1999, we exceeded $10 million in net sales in each of 10 distinct end use markets and no single customer accounted for more than 5% of our net sales. Strong Customer Relationships. We are a key supplier of silica to leaders in many of the end use markets that we serve. We have had relationships with many of our major customers for more than 20 years, including Corning Incorporated, Owens Corning, Owens-Illinois, Inc., PPG Industries, Inc., PQ Corporation and The Sherwin-Williams Company. We have also developed strong relationships with government contractors and others in our aggregates business that provide us with a diverse base of approximately 5,000 aggregates customers, primarily consisting of local contractors. Experienced Management Team. Our senior management team has an average of approximately 21 years of related industry experience. This experience has allowed us to improve productivity, reduce costs and enhance customer relationships in competitive markets. For example, during the period from the beginning of 1994 to the end of 1999, excluding the effect of acquisitions, we increased net sales in our industrial minerals business at a compound annual growth rate of approximately 4.0%. During the same period, excluding the effect of acquisitions, we reduced total operating costs per ton by 0.5%. Strong Financial Sponsors. D. George Harris & Associates, LLC ("DGHA") and Chase Capital Partners ("CCP") provide us with expertise in identifying and financing industrial minerals and aggregates acquisition opportunities. Since 1987, our chairman, D. George Harris, has overseen 30 acquisitions in the worldwide chemical and extractive minerals industries. DGHA is an independent private leveraged buyout group formed in 1987 whose principal business is to form investor groups to acquire and manage industrial businesses. DGHA has substantial experience in acquiring, operating and expanding chemical, industrial minerals and aggregates businesses, including Harris Chemical Group, Inc. and Harris Specialty Chemicals, Inc. CCP is the private equity group of The Chase Manhattan Corporation, one of the largest bank holding companies in the United States, and is one of the nation's largest private equity organizations, with over $15 billion under management. Through its affiliates, CCP invests in leveraged buyouts, recapitalizations and venture capital opportunities by providing equity and mezzanine debt capital. Since its inception in 1984, CCP has made over 950 direct investments in a variety of industries, including investments in over 30 industrial minerals and chemicals companies. Strategy Our goals are to build on our leading market positions by continuing to improve our existing operations and by pursuing acquisition opportunities. For our current operations, we intend to: . expand our aggregates and hot mixed asphalt production capacity by investing in additional plant and equipment; 3 . continue to focus on cost reductions by investing in technology, improving production processes and sharing manufacturing best practices throughout our organization as we integrate our acquisitions; and . introduce, at select locations, new products such as water filtration sand, golf course sands and a variety of other specialty products developed through new processing techniques and market knowledge gained through our recent acquisitions. In addition, we have grown through acquisitions and we will continue to pursue acquisitions that we believe will create value and enhance cash flow. We target opportunities that provide us with: . access to new geographic areas in close proximity to our existing operations; . an ability to market other industrial minerals in existing end use markets; and . additional technological, production and marketing expertise. The Transactions Commercial Stone Acquisition. On October 1, 1999 (the "closing date"), through two of our subsidiaries, we acquired Commercial Stone Co., CATS and related quarry properties (the "Commercial Stone acquisition"). The acquired companies and properties are collectively referred to in this prospectus as "Commercial Stone." The Commercial Stone acquisition substantially increased our aggregates business and expanded our presence in Pennsylvania to the Pittsburgh metropolitan area, where Commercial Stone is a leading producer of crushed stone and hot mixed asphalt. For its fiscal year ended March 31, 1999, Commercial Stone sold 3.2 million tons of crushed stone and 1.1 million tons of hot mixed asphalt. For the same period, Commercial Stone had net sales of $42.0 million. The total consideration for Commercial Stone was $139.0 million in cash, $8.0 million of which was placed in escrow to satisfy any future indemnity claims we may have against the sellers. The Commercial Stone acquisition was consummated simultaneously with the consummation of the other Transactions described below, including the offering of the old notes. New Credit Facilities. On the closing date, we entered into new senior secured credit facilities (the "new credit facilities") with Chase Securities Inc. ("CSI"), as syndication agent, book manager, lead arranger and documentation agent, and Banque Nationale de Paris, as administrative agent and collateral agent, and other lenders. The new credit facilities consisted of a $50.0 million revolving credit facility, a $45.0 million tranche A term loan facility, a $95.0 million tranche B term loan facility and a $40.0 million delayed draw term loan acquisition facility. Borrowings under the delayed draw term loan acquisition facility are conditioned on, among other things, meeting a specific leverage ratio. On the closing date, we borrowed the full amount of the term loans. See "Description of the New Credit Facilities." Cash Equity Contribution. On the closing date, USS Holdings issued and sold shares of common and preferred stock and warrants to purchase common stock of USS Holdings for $35.0 million (the "cash equity contribution"), which proceeds were contributed to us on the closing date. See "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management." 4 The Commercial Stone acquisition, the repayment of certain debt, the borrowings under the new credit facilities, the cash equity contribution and the offering of the old notes are collectively referred to in this prospectus as the "Transactions." The sources and uses of funds for the Transactions are presented in the following table:
Amount --------------------- (Dollars in Millions) Sources: Tranche A term loan facility...................... $ 45.0 Tranche B term loan facility...................... 95.0 Old notes......................................... 150.0 Cash equity contribution.......................... 35.0 ------ Total sources................................... $325.0 ====== Uses: Purchase price of Commercial Stone................ $139.0 Repayment of certain debt......................... 167.2 Fees and expenses(1).............................. 18.8 ------ Total uses...................................... $325.0 ======
- -------- (1) Fees and expenses include the initial purchasers' discounts and other expenses in connection with the offering of the old notes, fees and expenses associated with the Commercial Stone acquisition and the new credit facilities and $1.3 million in bonuses paid to the management of Commercial Stone upon the consummation of the Commercial Stone acquisition. ---------------- The issuer is incorporated in Delaware with principal executive offices located at Route 522 North, P.O. Box 187, Berkeley Springs, West Virginia 25411. Its telephone number is (304) 258-2500. 5 The New Notes The following summary contains basic information about the new notes. It does not contain all the information that may be important to you. For a more complete description of the new notes, please refer to the section of this prospectus entitled "Description of the New Notes." Issuer...................... Better Minerals & Aggregates Company. New Notes Offered........... $150,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 13% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2009. Maturity.................... September 15, 2009. Interest.................... Annual rate: 13%. Payment frequency: every six months on March 15 and September 15. Holders of old notes whose old notes are accepted for exchange in the exchange offer will be deemed to have waived the right to receive any payment in respect of interest on the old notes accrued from March 15, 2000 (the first interest payment date of the old notes) to the date of issuance of the new notes. Consequently, holders who exchange their old notes for new notes will receive the same interest payment on September 15, 2000 (the next interest payment date with respect to the old notes and the new notes following consummation of the exchange offer) that they would have received had they not accepted the exchange offer. Optional Redemption......... After September 15, 2004, the issuer may redeem some or all of the new notes at the redemption prices listed in the "Description of the New Notes" section of this prospectus under the heading "Optional Redemption." Prior to that date, the issuer may not redeem the new notes, except as described in the following paragraph. At any time prior to September 15, 2002, the issuer may redeem up to 35% of the original aggregate principal amount of the new notes with the net cash proceeds of certain equity offerings at a redemption price equal to 113% of the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest, so long as (a) at least 65% of the original aggregate amount of the new notes remain outstanding after each such redemption and (b) any such redemption by the issuer is made within 90 days of that equity offering. See "Description of the New Notes--Optional Redemption." Change of Control........... Upon the occurrence of a transaction meeting the definition of a change of control, unless the issuer has exercised its right to redeem all of the new notes as described above, you 6 will have the right to require the issuer to purchase all or a portion of your new notes at a purchase price in cash equal to 101% of the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of purchase. See "Description of the New Notes--Change of Control." Note Guarantees............. The new notes will be fully and unconditionally guaranteed by an unsecured note guarantee made by each of the issuer's existing and future Domestic Subsidiaries (as defined in "Description of the New Notes--Certain Definitions"). The new notes will also be fully and unconditionally guaranteed by an unsecured note guarantee made by each existing and future Foreign Subsidiary (as defined in "Description of the New Notes--Certain Definitions") that guarantees any debt (other than debt of a Restricted Subsidiary (as defined) that is not a note guarantor) (collectively, the "note guarantors"). The new notes will be guaranteed by all of the issuer's subsidiaries except its Canadian subsidiary. This Canadian subsidiary is an inactive company that has an immaterial amount of assets and liabilities. The note guarantees will be subordinated to the guarantees of senior debt of the issuer issued by the note guarantors under the new credit facilities. See "Description of the New Notes-- Note Guarantees." Ranking..................... The new notes will be unsecured and: . will be subordinated in right of payment to all of the existing and future senior debt of the issuer; . will rank equally in right of payment with any of the issuer's future senior subordinated debt; . will rank senior in right of payment to any of the issuer's future subordinated debt; . will be effectively subordinated to any secured debt of the issuer and its subsidiaries to the extent of the value of the assets securing that debt; and . will be effectively subordinated to all liabilities (including trade payables) and preferred stock of each subsidiary of the issuer that is not a note guarantor. The issuer is a holding company that derives all of its operating income and cash flow from its subsidiaries. Similarly, the note guarantees of each note guarantor will be unsecured and: . will be subordinated in right of payment to all of that note guarantor's existing and future senior debt; . will rank equally in right of payment with any of that note guarantor's future senior subordinated debt; 7 . will rank senior in right of payment to any of that note guarantor's future subordinated debt; and . will be effectively subordinated to any secured debt of that note guarantor and its subsidiaries to the extent of the value of the assets securing that debt. See "Description of the New Notes-- Ranking." As of December 31, 1999: . the issuer had $135.9 million of senior debt (excluding unused commitments under the new credit facilities), all of which was secured debt; . the issuer did not have any senior subordinated debt other than the old notes or any debt that was subordinate in right of payment to the old notes; . the note guarantors had $1.6 million of senior debt (excluding their guarantees of the issuer's debt under the new credit facilities); . the note guarantors did not have any senior subordinated debt other than their note guarantees or any debt that was subordinate in right of payment to the note guarantees; and . the issuer's Canadian subsidiary had an immaterial amount of liabilities. The indenture governing the new notes permits us to incur a significant amount of additional senior debt. Certain Covenants........... The indenture will, among other things, restrict the issuer's ability and the ability of its Restricted Subsidiaries to: . incur debt; . guarantee other debt; . make distributions, redeem equity interests or redeem subordinated debt; . make investments; . sell assets; . enter into agreements that restrict dividends from subsidiaries; . merge or consolidate; . enter into transactions with affiliates; and . sell capital stock of subsidiaries. These covenants will be subject to a number of important exceptions and qualifications. See "Description of the New Notes--Certain Covenants" and "Description of the New Notes-- Merger and Consolidation." 8 Risk Factors Prospective investors in the new notes should carefully consider all of the information in this prospectus and, in particular, should evaluate the specific factors under "Risk Factors" beginning on page 12 for risks involved with an investment in the new notes. 9 Summary Condensed Historical and Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Data The following table sets forth our summary condensed historical and unaudited pro forma financial data. The summary condensed historical financial data as of and for the years ended December 31, 1997, 1998 and 1999 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus. The summary condensed unaudited pro forma financial data is derived from the unaudited pro forma statement of operations contained under "Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Data." The unaudited pro forma statement of operations data for the year ended December 31, 1999 gives effect to the Transactions and the acquisition of the Morie Assets as if they had occurred on January 1, 1999. The pro forma adjustments, as described in the notes to the unaudited pro forma statement of operations contained under "Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Data," are estimates based on currently available information and certain adjustments that management believes are reasonable. The unaudited pro forma financial data is presented for informational purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the operating results that would have occurred had the Transactions or the acquisition of the Morie Assets been consummated on or as of the date indicated nor is it necessarily indicative of future operating results. The unaudited pro forma financial data should be read in conjunction with "Selected Financial Data," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Pro Forma Year Ended December Year Ended December 31, 31, 1997 1998(1) 1999(2) 1999 -------- -------- -------- -------------- (Dollars in Thousands) Statement of Operations Data: Net sales.................... $128,512 $142,294 $209,075 $248,053 Cost of goods sold........... 88,097 98,478 140,244 166,091 Depreciation, depletion and amortization................ 17,886 19,888 28,481 34,206 Selling, general and administrative.............. 14,345 16,930 21,843 23,437 Incentive stock compensation expense(3).................. -- 14,227 -- -- -------- -------- -------- -------- Operating income (loss)...... 8,184 (7,229) 18,507 24,319 Interest expense............. 10,513 10,269 19,590 34,705 Accretion of preferred stock warrants(4)................. 1,374 1,254 56 56 Other income net, including interest income............. (1,742) (1,881) (2,171) (2,665) -------- -------- -------- -------- (Loss) income before income taxes....................... (1,961) (16,871) 1,032 (7,777) Provision (Benefit) for income taxes................ (2,239) (2,204) (2,714) (6,754) -------- -------- -------- -------- Net income (loss) before extraordinary loss.......... 278 (14,667) 3,746 (1,023) Extraordinary loss(5)........ -- (2,102) (2,747) (2,747) -------- -------- -------- -------- Net income (loss)............ $ 278 $(16,769) $ 999 $ (3,770) ======== ======== ======== ======== Other Financial Data: Capital expenditures......... $ 5,537 $ 9,399 $ 14,572 $ 17,879 Cash interest expense........ 8,731 9,269 10,925 32,617 Ratio of earnings to fixed charges(6).................. -- (7) -- (7) 1.1 -- (7)
10
As of December 31, 1999 ------------ Balance Sheet Data: Cash.................................... $ 13,573 Working capital......................... 45,715 Total assets............................ 551,603 Total debt.............................. 287,505 Stockholder's equity.................... 64,335
- -------- (1) Includes (i) the results of the Nicks Silica Assets from January 16, 1998, the date of acquisition, (ii) with respect to the year ended December 31, 1998, the results of Pettinos from July 25, 1998, the date of acquisition, and (iii) with respect to the year ended December 31, 1998, the results of Better Materials from December 14, 1998, the date of acquisition, in each case, as further described in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations". (2) Includes the results of the Morie Assets from April 9, 1999, the date of acquisition, and the results of Commercial Stone from October 1, 1999, the date of acquisition. (3) Represents non-cash compensation expense recorded in the second half of the year ended December 31, 1998 due to the waiver by USS Holdings of its right to repurchase certain capital stock held by our management. (4) Represents the non-cash accretion in value of certain warrants granted with respect to preferred stock of USS Holdings. Better Minerals & Aggregates recognizes this charge as part of push down accounting because the warrants were issued in connection with debt issued by U.S. Silica. The obligation to satisfy any payment due in connection with these warrants was forgiven by USS Holdings during 1999. (5) Represents non-cash charges and write-offs recorded in connection with the 1998 early retirement of certain subordinated debt and the 1999 early retirement of certain senior debt by Better Minerals & Aggregates. (6) Under Item 503 of Regulation S-K, "earnings" for purposes of this calculation have been computed by adding to "income before extraordinary items" all taxes based on income or profits, total interest charges and the estimated interest element of rentals charged to income. "Fixed charges" include total interest charges and the estimated interest element of rentals charged to income. (7) Earnings were insufficient to cover fixed charges by $2.0 million, $16.9 million and $7.8 million for the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1998 and on a pro forma basis for the year ended December 31, 1999, respectively. 11 RISK FACTORS Prospective investors should carefully consider the following factors in addition to the other information set forth in this prospectus in evaluating an investment in the new notes. Our High Level of Debt May Adversely Affect Our Ability To Repay the Notes As a result of the Transactions, we have a substantial amount of debt. As of December 31, 1999, we had total debt of $287.5 million (excluding unused commitments) and total stockholder's equity of $64.4 million, giving us total debt representing 81.7% of total capitalization. Assuming that the Transactions and the acquisition of the Morie Assets had taken place on January 1, 1999, our interest expense for the year ended December 31, 1999 would have been $34.7 million. In addition, subject to restrictions in the new credit facilities and in the indenture, we may borrow more money for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or other purposes. Our high level of debt could have important consequences for you, including the following: . we will need to use a large portion of the cash earned by our subsidiaries to pay principal and interest on the new credit facilities, the notes and other debt, which will reduce the amount of cash available to us to finance our operations, to invest in additional plant and equipment, to make improvements to existing plant and equipment and to improve our technology capabilities; . our debt level makes us more vulnerable to economic downturns and adverse developments in our business; . we may have a much higher level of debt than certain of our competitors, which may put us at a competitive disadvantage; . we may have difficulty borrowing money in the future for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or other purposes; and . some of our debt has a variable rate of interest, which exposes us to the risk of increased interest rates. To Service Our Indebtedness, We Will Require a Significant Amount of Cash. Our Ability to Generate Cash Depends on Many Factors Beyond Our Control We expect to obtain the cash to pay our expenses and to pay the principal and interest on the notes, the new credit facilities and other debt from the operations of our subsidiaries. Availability under the revolving credit facility will be important for us to maintain liquidity to pay obligations as they become due. Our ability to meet our expenses and debt service obligations depends on the future performance of our subsidiaries, which will be affected by financial, business, economic and other factors. We will not be able to control many of these factors, such as economic conditions and pressure from competitors. We cannot be certain that the cash earned by our subsidiaries will be sufficient to allow us to pay principal and interest on our debt (including the notes) and meet our other obligations. If we do not have enough cash, we may be required to refinance all or part of our existing debt, including the notes, sell assets, borrow more money or raise equity. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to refinance our debt, sell assets, borrow more money or raise equity on terms acceptable to us, or at all. For example, neither CCP nor DGHA is obligated to make any additional equity investments in USS Holdings. In addition, the terms of existing or future debt agreements, including the new credit facilities and the indenture, may restrict us from adopting any of these alternatives. The indenture contains certain limitations on our operating flexibility. See "Description of the New Notes--Certain Covenants." In addition, the new credit facilities contain many similar and more 12 stringent limitations and will prohibit us from prepaying certain of our other debt (including the notes) while debt under the new credit facilities is outstanding. In addition, under the new credit facilities, we must also comply with certain specified financial ratios and tests. If we do not comply with these or other covenants and restrictions contained in the new credit facilities, we could default under the new credit facilities. Upon the occurrence of an event of default under the new credit facilities, the lenders could declare all amounts outstanding under the new credit facilities, together with accrued interest, to be immediately due and payable, which could cause all or a portion of our other debt, including the notes, to become immediately due and payable. If we were unable to repay those amounts, the lenders could proceed against the collateral granted to them to secure that debt. If the lenders under the new credit facilities accelerate the payment of the debt, we cannot assure you that our assets would be sufficient to repay in full that debt and our other debt, including the notes. Furthermore, our ability to comply with the provisions of the new credit facilities may be affected by events beyond our control. See "Description of the New Credit Facilities." Demand for Our Products Is Affected by External Factors Demand in the markets served by the industrial minerals and aggregates industries is affected by many external factors, including the following: . general and regional economic conditions, including the economy in the states in which we have production facilities and in which we sell our products; . demand for automobiles and other vehicles; . the substitution of plastic or other materials for glass, a significant end use market for the industrial minerals business; . levels of government spending on road and other infrastructure construction; and . demand for residential and commercial construction. General or localized economic downturns in areas where we sell products, or other external factors adversely affecting demand in the markets we serve, such as the factors noted above, could result in a decrease in net sales and operating income and, therefore, could have a material adverse effect on us. For example, because our aggregates business is more geographically concentrated than the businesses of some of our competitors, we may be more vulnerable to local economic conditions in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Demand for Our Aggregates May Be Affected by Weather Poor weather during the peak season of our aggregates business from April through November could result in lower sales of aggregates by reducing or delaying road construction and maintenance, other infrastructure projects and residential and commercial construction. In the past, significant changes in weather conditions during this period have caused variations in demand for aggregates. In addition, because we are not as geographically diverse as some of our aggregates competitors, we may be more vulnerable than these competitors to poor weather conditions in the geographic areas in which we operate. Our Business Is Subject to Operating Risks All of our revenue is and will be derived from our industrial minerals and aggregates businesses. The mining, processing and related infrastructure facilities of these businesses are subject to risks normally encountered in the industrial minerals and aggregates industries. These risks include environmental hazards, industrial accidents, technical difficulties or failures, late delivery of supplies, the price and availability of power, the price and availability of transportation, unusual or unexpected 13 geological formations or pressures, cave-ins, pit wall failures, rock falls, unanticipated ground, grade or water conditions, flooding and periodic or extended interruptions due to the unavailability of materials and equipment, inclement or hazardous weather conditions, fires, explosions or other accidents or acts of force majeure. In addition, the price or availability of oil, a raw material of hot mixed asphalt, could adversely affect operating costs, which could in turn adversely affect our operating results if we cannot pass these increased costs through to our customers. Any of these risks could result in damage to, or destruction of, our mining properties or production facilities, personal injury, environmental damage, delays in mining or processing, losses or possible legal liability. Any prolonged downtime or shutdowns at our mining properties or production facilities could have a material adverse effect on us. We Rely Heavily on Third Party Transportation We rely heavily on railroads and trucking companies to ship our industrial minerals and aggregates products to our customers. Because freight costs represent a significant portion of the total cost to the customer, fluctuations in freight rates can change the relative competitive position of our production facilities. Rail and trucking operations are subject to various hazards, including extreme weather conditions, work stoppages, operating hazards and year 2000 computer problems. If we are unable to ship our products as a result of the railroads or trucking companies failing to operate or if there are material changes in the cost or availability of railroad or trucking services, we may not be able to arrange alternative and timely means to ship our products, which could lead to interruptions or slowdowns in our businesses and, therefore, have a material adverse effect on us. Our Future Performance Will Depend on Our Ability To Succeed in Competitive Markets We compete in highly competitive industries. Due to the high cost of transportation relative to the value of our industrial minerals and aggregates products, competition tends to be limited to producers in proximity to our production facilities. The silica industry is a competitive market that is characterized by a small number of large, national producers and a larger number of small, regional producers. We are the second leading producer of silica in the United States, accounting for approximately 23% of industry volume in 1999. We compete with, among others, Unimin Corporation, Fairmount Minerals Ltd., Oglebay Norton Industrial Sands Inc. and Badger Mining Corporation. Competition in the industrial minerals industry is based on price, consistency and quality of product, site location, distribution capability, customer service, reliability of supply, breadth of product offering and technical support. In addition, there is significant unutilized capacity in the industrial minerals industry that could adversely affect the pricing of our industrial minerals products. In recent years, the aggregates industry has seen increasing consolidation, although competition remains primarily local. Competition in the aggregates industry is based primarily on price, quality of product, site location, distribution capability and customer service. In Pennsylvania and New Jersey we compete primarily with local or regional operations. In addition, slag, a residue from steel processing, also competes with our aggregates products. Many of our competitors are large companies that have greater financial resources than we do, may develop technology superior to ours and have production facilities that are located closer to key customers. There can be no assurance that we will be able to compete successfully against our competitors in the future or that competition will not have a material adverse effect on us. Silica Health Issues and Litigation Could Have a Material Adverse Effect on Our Business The exposure of persons to silica and the accompanying health risks have been, and will continue to be, a significant issue confronting the industrial minerals industry. Concerns over silicosis 14 and other potential adverse health effects, as well as concerns regarding potential liability from the use of silica, may have the effect of discouraging our customers' use of our silica products. The actual or perceived health risks of mining, processing and handling silica could materially and adversely affect silica producers, including us, through reduced use of silica products, the threat of product liability or employee lawsuits, increased levels of scrutiny by federal and state regulatory authorities of us and our customers (see "--Our Business Is Subject to Extensive Environmental, Health and Safety Regulations") or reduced financing sources available to the silica industry. The inhalation of respirable crystalline silica is associated with silicosis. There is recent evidence of an association between crystalline silica exposure or silicosis and lung cancer and a possible association with other diseases, such as immune system disorders like scleroderma. Since 1975, U.S. Silica has been named as a defendant in numerous products liability lawsuits brought by alleged employees or former employees of our customers alleging damages caused by silica exposure. As of March 1, 2000, there were an estimated 984 silica-related products liability claims pending in which U.S. Silica is a defendant. Almost all of the claims pending against U.S. Silica arise out of the alleged use of U.S. Silica products in foundries or as an abrasive blast media and have been filed in the states of Texas and Mississippi. We currently have certain limited sources of recovery for silica-related products liability claims, including an indemnity for those claims (including litigation expenses) from ITT Industries, Inc., successor to the former owner of U.S. Silica, and insurance coverage. The ITT Industries indemnity expires in 2005, only covers alleged exposure to U.S. Silica products for the period prior to September 12, 1985 and contains other limitations. Existing and potential insurance coverage only applies to occurrences of alleged silica exposure prior to certain dates in 1985 and 1986, respectively. We have no insurance or indemnity for claims relating to silica exposure after these dates. The silica- related litigation brought against us to date has not resulted in material liability to us. However, it is likely that we will continue to have silica- related products liability claims filed against us, including claims that allege silica exposure for periods after 1986. Any such claims or inadequacies of the ITT Industries indemnity or insurance coverage could have a material adverse effect on us. See "Business--Product Liability." Our Business Is Subject to Extensive Environmental, Health and Safety Regulations Environmental and Silica Exposure Regulations. We are subject to a variety of governmental regulatory requirements relating to the environment, including those relating to our handling of hazardous materials and air and wastewater emissions. Some environmental laws impose substantial penalties for noncompliance, and others, such as the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, impose strict, retroactive and joint and several liability upon persons responsible for releases of hazardous substances. If we fail to comply with present and future environmental laws and regulations, we could be subject to liabilities or our operations could be interrupted. In addition, future environmental laws and regulations could restrict our ability to expand our facilities or extract our mineral deposits or could require us to acquire costly equipment or to incur other significant expenses in connection with our business. Although we believe we have made sufficient capital expenditures to achieve substantial compliance with existing environmental laws and regulations, future events, including changes in environmental requirements and the costs associated with complying with any such requirements, could have a material adverse effect on us. See "Business-- Government Regulation--Environmental Matters." In addition to environmental regulation, we are also subject to laws relating to human exposure to crystalline silica. We believe that we materially comply with governmental requirements for crystalline silica exposure and emissions and other regulations relating to silica and plan to continue to comply with these regulations. Several federal and state regulatory authorities, including the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and the Mining Safety and Health Administration, 15 have indicated that they will propose changes in their regulations regarding workplace exposure to crystalline silica. We cannot assure you that we will be able to comply with any new standards that are adopted or that these new standards will not have a material adverse effect on us by requiring us to modify our operations or equipment or shut down some of our plants. Additionally, we cannot assure you that our customers will be able to comply with any new standards or that any of these new standards will not have a material adverse effect on our customers by requiring them to shut down old plants or to relocate plants to locations with less stringent regulations that are further away from us. Accordingly, we cannot at this time reasonably estimate our costs of compliance or the timing of any costs associated with any new standards, or any material adverse effects that any new standards will have on our customers and, consequently, on us. See "Business--Government Regulation--Regulation of Silica." Other Regulations Affecting Mining Activity. In addition to the regulatory matters described above, the industrial minerals and aggregates industries are subject to extensive governmental regulation on matters such as permitting and licensing requirements, plant and wildlife protection, wetlands protection, reclamation and restoration of mining properties after mining is completed, the discharge of materials into the environment, surface subsidence from underground mining and the effects that mining has on groundwater quality and availability. Our future success depends upon the quantity of our industrial minerals and aggregates deposits and our ability to extract these deposits profitably. It is difficult for us to estimate quantities of recoverable deposits, in part due to future permitting and licensing requirements. We believe we have obtained all material permits and licenses required to conduct our present mining operations. However, we will need additional permits and renewals of permits in the future. We may be required to prepare and present to governmental authorities data pertaining to the impact that any proposed exploration or production activities may have upon the environment. New site approval procedures may require the preparation of archaeological surveys, endangered species studies and other studies to assess the environmental impact of new sites. Compliance with these regulatory requirements is expensive, requires an investment of funds well before the potential producer knows if its operation will be economically successful and significantly lengthens the time needed to develop a new site. Furthermore, obtaining or renewing required permits is sometimes delayed or prevented due to community opposition and other factors beyond our control. New legal requirements, including those related to the protection of the environment, could be adopted that could materially adversely affect our mining operations (including the ability to extract mineral deposits), our cost structure or our customers' ability to use our industrial minerals or aggregates products. Finally, we could be adversely affected if our current provisions for mine reclamation and closure costs were later determined to be insufficient, or if future costs associated with reclamation are significantly greater than our current estimates. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that current or future mining regulation will not have a material adverse effect on our business or that we will be able to obtain or renew permits in the future. The Notes and Note Guarantees Are Contractually Subordinated to Senior Debt The notes are contractually subordinated in right of payment to all senior debt of the issuer and the note guarantees are contractually subordinated in right of payment to all senior debt of the applicable note guarantor. As of December 31, 1999, the issuer had approximately $135.9 million of senior debt (excluding unused commitments under the new credit facilities), all of which was secured debt, and the note guarantors had approximately $1.6 million of senior debt (excluding their guarantees of the issuer's debt under the new credit facilities). The indenture permits us to borrow certain additional debt, which may be senior debt, subject to certain restrictions. The issuer or the applicable note guarantor may not pay principal, premium (if any), interest or other amounts on account of the notes or a note guarantee in the event of a payment default or certain other defaults in respect of certain senior debt (including debt under the new credit facilities) 16 unless that senior debt has been paid in full or the default has been cured or waived. In addition, in the event of certain other defaults with respect to that senior debt, the issuer or the applicable note guarantor may not be permitted to pay any amount on account of the notes or the note guarantees for a designated period of time. If the issuer or a note guarantor is declared bankrupt or insolvent, or if there is a payment default under, or an acceleration of, any senior debt, the assets of the issuer or the applicable note guarantor, as the case may be, will be available to pay obligations on the notes or that note guarantor's note guarantee, as applicable, only after the senior debt of the issuer or the note guarantor has been paid in full. In such a case, there can be no assurance that there will be sufficient assets remaining to pay amounts due on all or any of the notes or any note guarantee. Further, the new credit facilities prohibit us, and our future senior debt may prohibit us, from purchasing any notes prior to maturity, even though the indenture requires the issuer to offer to purchase notes in certain circumstances. If the issuer or a note guarantor makes certain asset sales or if a change of control occurs when we are prohibited from purchasing notes, the issuer could ask the lenders under the new credit facilities (or such future senior debt) for permission to purchase the notes or the issuer could attempt to refinance the borrowings that contain those prohibitions. If the issuer does not obtain such a consent to repay those borrowings or is unable to refinance those borrowings, it would be unable to purchase the notes. The failure to purchase tendered notes at a time when their purchase is required by the indenture would constitute an event of default under the indenture, which, in turn, would constitute a default under the new credit facilities and may constitute an event of default under our future senior debt. In those circumstances, the subordination provisions in the indenture restrict payments to you. Our Holding Company Structure Causes Us To Rely on Funds from Our Subsidiaries The issuer is a holding company and as such it conducts substantially all its operations through its subsidiaries. As a holding company, the issuer is dependent upon dividends or other intercompany transfers of funds from its subsidiaries to meet its debt service and other obligations. Generally, creditors of a subsidiary will have a superior claim to the assets and earnings of that subsidiary than the claims of creditors of its parent company, except to the extent the claims of the parent's creditors are guaranteed by the subsidiary. Although the note guarantees provide the holders of the notes with a direct claim against the assets of the note guarantors, enforcement of the note guarantees against any note guarantor may be subject to legal challenge in a bankruptcy or reorganization case or a lawsuit by or on behalf of creditors of that note guarantor, and would be subject to certain defenses available to guarantors generally. See "--The Notes and the Note Guarantees Are Subject to Fraudulent Conveyance and Preferential Transfer Laws." To the extent that a note guarantee is not enforceable, the notes would be effectively subordinated to all liabilities (including trade payables) and preferred stock of the relevant note guarantor. In any event, the notes will be effectively subordinated to all liabilities (including trade payables) and preferred stock of the issuer's Canadian subsidiary, which will not be a guarantor of the notes unless it guarantees any indebtedness (other than indebtedness of a Restricted Subsidiary that is not a note guarantor) in the future. This Canadian subsidiary is an inactive company that has an immaterial amount of assets and liabilities. As of December 31, 1999, the note guarantors had total liabilities of $483.4 million (excluding the note guarantees and liabilities owed to the issuer). In addition, the payment of dividends and other payments to the issuer by its subsidiaries may be restricted by, among other things, applicable corporate and other laws and regulations and agreements of the subsidiaries. Although the indenture will limit the ability of those subsidiaries to enter into consensual restrictions on their ability to pay dividends and make other payments, those 17 limitations are subject to a number of significant qualifications and exceptions. See "Description of the New Notes--Certain Covenants--Limitations on Restrictions on Distributions from Restricted Subsidiaries." The Notes Are Unsecured Obligations, While the New Credit Facilities Are Secured In addition to being contractually subordinated to all existing and future senior debt, our obligations under the notes are unsecured while our obligations under the new credit facilities are secured by a security interest in substantially all the tangible and intangible assets of BMAC Holdings, the issuer and each existing and subsequently acquired or organized domestic subsidiary of the issuer, including a pledge of (a) all the capital stock of the issuer, and (b) all the capital stock held by BMAC Holdings, the issuer and any domestic subsidiary of the issuer in each of the issuer's existing or subsequently acquired or organized domestic subsidiaries and 65% of the capital stock held by those entities in each of the issuer's existing or subsequently acquired or organized foreign subsidiaries. If we are declared bankrupt or insolvent or if we default under the new credit facilities, the lenders could declare all of the funds borrowed thereunder, together with accrued interest, immediately due and payable. If we were unable to repay that debt, the lenders could foreclose on the pledged stock of our subsidiaries and on the assets in which they have been granted a security interest, in each case to your exclusion, even if an event of default exists under the indenture at that time. Furthermore, under the note guarantees, if all shares of any note guarantor are sold to persons pursuant to an enforcement of the pledge of shares in that note guarantor for the benefit of the lenders under the new credit facilities, then the applicable note guarantor will be released from its note guarantee automatically and immediately upon such sale. See "Description of the New Credit Facilities." Our Aggregates Business Depends Heavily on Government Funding of Highways Many of our aggregates customers depend substantially on government funding of highway construction and maintenance and other infrastructure projects. Although the recently adopted TEA-21 program provides for increased federal funding for highways and related infrastructure improvements through 2003, there can be no assurance that any successor program adopted by Congress, if one is adopted at all, will provide for equivalent or increased government funding. Furthermore, although TEA-21 provides for federal funding through 2003, state and municipal governmental entities need to provide for matching funds in order to obtain federal funding under TEA-21, and state and municipal governmental entities have separate approval processes relating to the matching of any federal funding for highways that have not been completed. Accordingly, a decrease in federal funding of highways and related infrastructure improvements after the expiration of the TEA-21 program, or a failure of states or municipalities to match the federal funding to be provided by TEA-21, could adversely affect our revenue and profits in our aggregates business. In addition, unlike some of our competitors, we currently sell our aggregates products almost entirely in only two states, Pennsylvania and New Jersey. As a result, we are more vulnerable than our more geographically diverse competitors to decreases in state government highway spending in those states. We Depend on Good Labor Relations As of March 1, 2000, we had approximately 1,048 employees, of which approximately 527 were represented by 12 local unions under 12 union contracts. These union contracts have remaining durations ranging from one to five years. Over the last 10 years, we have been involved in numerous labor negotiations, only two of which have resulted in a work disruption at two of our 25 facilities. During these disruptions, the operations of the facilities and the ability to serve our customers were not materially affected. Although we consider our current relations with our employees to be good, if 18 we do not maintain these good relations, or if a work disruption were to occur, we could suffer a material adverse effect. Our Expansion Strategy May Adversely Affect Our Operations We intend to actively pursue acquisition opportunities, some of which could be material. We may finance future acquisitions through internally generated funds, bank borrowings, public offerings or private placements of equity or debt securities, or a combination of these sources. We might not be able to make acquisitions on terms that are favorable to us, or at all. If we do complete any future acquisitions, we will face many risks, including the possible inability to integrate an acquired business into our operations, diversion of our management's attention, failure to retain key acquired personnel and unanticipated problems or liabilities, some or all of which could have a material adverse effect on us. Acquisitions could place a significant strain on management, operating, financial and other resources and increased demands on our systems and controls. Control of USS Holdings; Stockholders Agreement The holders of all of the capital stock of USS Holdings are party to a stockholders agreement. Subject to certain exceptions, the stockholders agreement provides that the holders of USS Holdings' capital stock will elect a board of directors comprised of two directors designated by D. George Harris, a principal of DGHA, one director designated by Anthony J. Petrocelli, a principal of DGHA, three directors designated by an affiliate of CCP, and the President of USS Holdings (currently Richard E. Goodell (who is not affiliated with DGHA or CCP)). In addition, upon the occurrence of certain "trigger events" described in the stockholders agreement, the CCP affiliate will have the right to appoint two additional directors to the board of USS Holdings, thus giving it the right to appoint five of the nine directors of USS Holdings. The interests of these stockholders may conflict with your interests as a holder of the notes. See "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management--The Stockholders Agreement." We May Be Unable To Purchase Your Notes upon a Change in Control Upon a change of control, the issuer will be required to offer to purchase all of the notes then outstanding at 101% of the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of purchase. If a change of control were to occur, the issuer may not have sufficient funds to pay the purchase price for the outstanding notes tendered, and the issuer expects that it would require third-party financing; however, the issuer may not be able to obtain financing on favorable terms, if at all. In addition, the new credit facilities restrict our ability to purchase the notes, including pursuant to an offer in connection with a change of control. A change of control under the indenture may also result in an event of default under the new credit facilities and may cause the acceleration of other senior debt, if any, in which case the subordination provisions of the notes would require payment in full of the new credit facilities and any other senior debt before purchase of the notes. Our future debt may also contain restrictions on our ability to repay the notes upon certain events or transactions that could constitute a change of control under the indenture. The inability to repay senior debt upon a change of control or to purchase all of the tendered notes would each constitute an event of default under the indenture. See "--The Notes and the Note Guarantees Are Contractually Subordinated to Senior Debt," "Description of the New Notes-- Change of Control" and "Description of the New Credit Facilities." The change of control provisions in the indenture will not necessarily afford you protection in the event of a highly leveraged transaction, including a reorganization, restructuring, merger or other similar transaction involving us, that may adversely affect you. This type of transaction may not involve a change in voting power or beneficial ownership, or, even if it does, may not involve a change of the magnitude required under the definition of change of control in the indenture to trigger 19 those provisions. Except as described under "Description of the New Notes-- Change of Control," the indenture does not contain provisions that permit the holders of the notes to require us to purchase or redeem the notes in the event of a takeover, recapitalization or similar transaction. The Notes and the Note Guarantees Are Subject to Fraudulent Conveyance and Preferential Transfer Laws The incurrence of debt by the issuer or the note guarantors, such as the notes or the note guarantees, may be subject to review under federal bankruptcy law or relevant state fraudulent conveyance laws if a bankruptcy case or lawsuit is commenced by or on behalf of unpaid creditors. Under these laws, if in such case or lawsuit a court were to find that, at the time the issuer or any note guarantor incurred debt (including debt under the notes or the note guarantees): . the issuer or any note guarantor, as applicable, incurred that debt with the intent of hindering, delaying or defrauding current or future creditors; or . the issuer or any note guarantor, as applicable, received less than reasonably equivalent value or fair consideration for incurring that debt, and . was insolvent or was rendered insolvent by reason of any of the transactions, . was engaged, or about to engage, in a business or transaction for which the assets remaining with the issuer or that note guarantor constituted unreasonably small capital to carry on our or its business, . intended to incur, or believed that the issuer or that note guarantor would incur, debts beyond its ability to pay as those debts matured (as all of the foregoing terms are defined in or interpreted under the relevant fraudulent transfer or conveyance statutes), or . was a defendant in an action for money damages, or had a judgment for money damages docketed against the issuer or that note guarantor (in either case, if, after final judgment, the judgment is unsatisfied), then that court could avoid or subordinate the amounts owing under the notes or the note guarantees to the issuer's or that note guarantor's existing and future debt and take other actions detrimental to you. The measure of insolvency for purposes of the foregoing considerations will vary depending upon the law of the jurisdiction that is being applied in any such proceeding. Generally, however, a debtor would be considered insolvent if, at the time that debtor incurred the debt, either (a) the sum of its debts (including contingent liabilities) is greater than its assets, at fair valuation, or (b) the present fair saleable value of its assets is less than the amount required to pay the probable liability on its total existing debts and liabilities (including contingent liabilities) as they become absolute and matured. There can be no assurance as to what standards a court would use to determine whether the issuer or any note guarantor were solvent at the relevant time, or whether, whatever standard was used, the notes would not be avoided or further subordinated on another of the grounds set forth above. In rendering their opinions in connection with the Transactions, our counsel will not express any opinion as to the applicability of federal or state fraudulent transfer and conveyance laws. You Cannot Be Sure that an Active Trading Market Will Develop for the New Notes We do not intend to apply for a listing of the new notes on a securities exchange or any automated dealer quotation system. We have been advised by CSI that as of the date of this prospectus CSI intends to make a market in the new notes. CSI is not obligated to do so, however, and any market-making activities with respect to the new notes may be discounted at any time without notice. In addition, such market-making activity will be subject to limits imposed by the 20 Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Because CSI is our affiliate, CSI is required to deliver a current "market-making" prospectus and otherwise comply with the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 in any secondary market sale of the new notes. Accordingly, the ability of CSI to make a market in the new notes may, in part, depend on our ability to maintain a current market-making prospectus. The liquidity of the trading market in the new notes, and the market price quoted for the new notes, may be adversely affected by changes in the overall market for high yield securities and by changes in our financial performance or prospects or in the prospects for companies in our industry generally. As a result, you cannot be sure that an active trading market will develop for the new notes. 21 USE OF PROCEEDS This prospectus is delivered in connection with the sale of the new notes by CSI in market-making transactions. We will not receive any of the proceeds from these transactions. The proceeds from the sale of the old notes were approximately $150.0 million. We used these proceeds, together with borrowings under the new credit facilities ($140.0 million) and proceeds from the cash equity contribution ($35.0 million), to finance the Commercial Stone acquisition ($139.0 million), repay certain debt ($167.2 million) and pay related fees and expenses ($18.8 million). CAPITALIZATION The following table sets forth our capitalization as of December 31, 1999. This information should be read in conjunction with "Selected Financial Data," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus.
At December 31, 1999 -------------------- (Dollars in Millions) Cash................................................ $ 13.6 ====== Debt (including current maturities): New credit facilities(1): Tranche A term loan facility.................... $ 41.1 Tranche B term loan facility.................... 94.8 Other debt........................................ 1.6 Notes............................................. 150.0 ------ Total debt...................................... 287.5 Stockholder's equity: Common stock...................................... -- Additional paid-in capital........................ 81.4 Retained earnings (deficit)....................... (17.0) ------ Total stockholder's equity...................... 64.4 ------ Total capitalization.......................... $351.9 ======
- -------- (1) The tranche A term loan facility provided for a tranche of loans denominated in Canadian dollars in an amount equal to $2.0 million, which was borrowed on the closing date by George F. Pettinos (Canada) Limited. In connection with the sale by us of George F. Pettinos (Canada) Limited on February 29, 2000, we repaid this portion of the tranche A term loan facility. In addition, the revolving credit facility provides for borrowings of up to $50.0 million with a sublimit of $12.0 million for letters of credit and a sublimit of $3.0 million for swingline loans. We also have availability under the acquisition term loan facility of up to $40.0 million, subject to, among other things, meeting a leverage ratio test. See "Description of the New Credit Facilities." 22 UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA The following unaudited pro forma consolidated financial data has been prepared by applying pro forma adjustments to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The unaudited pro forma consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 1999 gives effect to the Transactions and the acquisition of the Morie Assets as if they had occurred on January 1, 1999. The Commercial Stone acquisition was accounted for using the purchase method of accounting. The purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values. The excess of the purchase price over the adjusted book value of the net assets of Commercial Stone was allocated to mineral deposits and goodwill. The historical financial data for the acquisition of the Morie Assets was derived from unaudited financial statements. The acquisition of the Morie Assets was accounted for using the purchase method of accounting pursuant to which the purchase price of the acquisition was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values. The excess of the purchase price over the adjusted book value of the net assets of the Morie Assets was allocated to goodwill. The pro forma adjustments, as described in the notes to the unaudited pro forma consolidated statement of operations, are estimates based on currently available information and certain adjustments that management believes are reasonable. The unaudited pro forma consolidated financial data is presented for informational purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the operating results or financial position that would have occurred had the Transactions or the acquisition of the Morie Assets been consummated on or as of the date indicated nor is it necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial position. The unaudited pro forma consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with "Selected Financial Data," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus. 23 BETTER MINERALS & AGGREGATES COMPANY (formerly USS Intermediate Holdco, Inc.) UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS For the Year Ended December 31, 1999 (Dollars in Thousands)
Historical Better Pro Forma Minerals & Historical Historical Adjustments Aggregates Morie Commercial for the Pro Company (1) Assets (1) Stone (1) Transactions Forma ----------- ---------- ---------- ------------ -------- Net sales............... $209,075 $3,548 $35,430 $ -- $248,053 Cost of goods sold...... 140,244 2,820 23,490 (463)(2) 166,091 Depreciation, depletion and amortization....... 28,481 441 2,444 2,840 (3) 34,206 Selling, general and administrative......... 21,843 -- 2,741 (1,147)(4) 23,437 -------- ------ ------- ------- -------- Operating income (loss)............... 18,507 287 6,755 (1,230) 24,319 Interest expense........ 19,590 -- 185 14,930 (5) 34,705 Accretion of preferred stock warrants......... 56 -- -- -- 56 Other income, net of interest income........ (2,171) (5) (489) -- (2,665) -------- ------ ------- ------- -------- (Loss) income before income taxes......... 1,032 292 7,059 (16,160) (7,777) Benefit for income taxes.................. (2,714) 120 2,466 (6,626)(6) (6,754) -------- ------ ------- ------- -------- Net income (loss) before extraordinary loss................. $ 3,746 $ 172 $ 4,593 $(9,534) $ (1,023) ======== ====== ======= ======= ========
See Notes to the Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Statement of Operations. 24 NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS (Dollars in Thousands) (1) The historical statement of operations of the Company and the businesses acquired for the year ended December 31, 1999 and the respective periods prior to the date of acquisition by the Company were derived from the consolidated audited financial statements of the Company that are included elsewhere in this prospectus, the unaudited interim financial statements of the Morie Assets for the period January 1, 1999 to April 8, 1999 and the unaudited combined financial statements of Commercial Stone and CATS for the nine months ended September 30, 1999. (2) Commercial Stone historically paid a family trust of the shareholders of Commercial Stone an annual royalty fee equal to 6% of the average selling price of the total stone mined from the 1,000 acre property owned by the trust. The annual royalty fee will not continue following the Commercial Stone acquisition as the Company will own the property. (3) The adjustment reflects the estimated increase in depreciation, depletion and amortization expense after giving effect to the purchase accounting adjustments for the difference between historical cost and estimated fair value and useful lives of property, plant and equipment and other intangible assets for the Morie Assets and the Commercial Stone acquisition as follows: Depreciation and depletion of property, plant and equipment (a)............................................................ $2,373 Amortization of other intangible assets (b)..................... 467 ------ Net adjustment.................................................. $2,840 ======
-------- (a) Depreciation of plant and equipment is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, ranging from 3 to 15 years. Depletion is computed based on units of production for the properties. The adjustment is the result of purchase accounting adjustments made in connection with the acquisition of the Morie Assets and Commercial Stone. (b) Represents the amortization of goodwill over 15 years associated with the Morie Assets and Commercial Stone. (4) The adjustment represents the reduction of salary expenses paid to former principal owners of Commercial Stone and CATS, which expenses were reduced to the level in effect subsequent to the acquisition by the Company. Also, prior to the consummation of the Transactions, DGHA conducted certain of its operations as a subsidiary of the Company. As a result, the acquisition fees payable to DGHA under the Management Services Agreement were expensed. Upon consummation of the Transactions, DGHA became an unconsolidated entity. The adjustment eliminates the acquisition fees paid (which would have been capitalized and not expensed had DGHA not conducted operations as one of our subsidiaries), net of increased management fees expected to be paid upon consummation of the Transactions. See "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions--Management Services Agreement." Commercial Stone salary expense and employee bonuses............ $ (520) DGHA fees....................................................... (627) ------- Total adjustment................................................ $(1,147) =======
25 (5) The adjustment reflects (i) interest expense associated with borrowings under the new credit facilities and the notes, (ii) amortization of the related deferred financing fees and (iii) the elimination of the Company's historical interest expense and related deferred financing fees after giving effect to the $35.0 million equity contribution made on October 1, 1999.
Principal Amount Adjustment --------- ---------- New Credit Facilities: Term Loan A (a).................................. $ 45,000 $ 3,852 Term Loan B (a).................................. 95,000 8,607 Notes (a)........................................ 150,000 19,500 Other debt....................................... 1,446 140 Amortization of deferred financing fees (b)...... 1,924 Non-cash accretion of liabilities recorded at fair market value............................... 164 Interest rate protection......................... 210 Other, including commitment fees................. 308 -------- 34,705 Elimination of historical interest expense....... (19,775) -------- Net adjustment (a)............................... $ 14,930 ========
-------- (a) At assumed variable rates of 8.56% and 9.06% for the new credit facilities and an actual rate of 13.0% for the new notes. The effect of a 1/8% increase or decrease in interest rates on variable rate debt would increase or decrease total interest expense by approximately $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 1999. (b) Adjustment reflects the amortization of incremental deferred financing fees associated with the new credit facilities. Deferred financing fees are amortized using the straight-line method over the term of the related debt. (6) The adjustment represents the income tax benefit at an effective rate of 41.0% for the effects of the aforementioned adjustments (2) through (5). 26 SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA The following table sets forth selected historical consolidated financial and other data of U.S. Silica (Predecessor) and the Company (Successor) as of the end of and for the periods presented. The Company acquired U.S. Silica on February 9, 1996. U.S. Silica is therefore the Predecessor for financial reporting purposes. The selected historical consolidated financial data as of and for the year December 31, 1995 is derived from the unaudited consolidated financial statements of the Predecessor that are not included in this prospectus. The selected historical consolidated financial data as of and for the year ended December 31, 1996 is presented as two separate periods, January 1, 1996 through February 9, 1996 (Predecessor) and February 10, 1996 through December 31, 1996 (Successor), and are derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of the Predecessor and the Successor, respectively, that are not included in this prospectus. The selected historical consolidated financial data as of and for the years ended December 31, 1997, 1998 and 1999 have been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus. This information should be read in conjunction with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Predecessor Successor ------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- January 1, February 10, Year Ended 1996 through 1996 through December 31, February 9, December 31, Year Ended December 31, ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------------------------------ 1995 1996 1996 1997 1998(1) 1999(2) ------------ ------------ ------------ ----------- ------------ -------- (unaudited) (Dollars in Thousands) Statement of Operations Data: Net sales............... $115,446 $ 11,827 $106,782 $ 128,512 $ 142,294 $209,075 Cost of goods sold...... 83,976 9,394 73,625 88,097 98,478 140,244 Depreciation, depletion and amortization....... 11,659 1,033 15,225 17,886 19,888 28,481 Selling, general and administrative......... 12,561 1,404 12,077 14,345 16,930 21,843 Incentive stock compensation expense(3)............. -- -- -- -- 14,227 -- Operating income (loss)................. 7,250 (4) 5,855 8,184 (7,229) 18,507 Interest expense........ 162 13 10,074 10,513 10,269 19,590 Accretion of preferred stock warrants(4)...... -- -- -- 1,374 1,254 56 Other income net, including interest income................. (4,327) (534) (598) (1,742) (1,881) (2,171) (Loss) income before income taxes........... 11,415 517 (3,621) (1,961) (16,871) 1,032 Provision (Benefit) for income taxes........... 2,722 963 (2,101) (2,239) (2,204) (2,714) Net income (loss) before extraordinary loss..... 8,693 (446) (1,520) 278 (14,667) 3,746 Extraordinary loss(5)... -- -- -- -- (2,102) (2,747) Net income (loss)....... $ 8,693 $ (446) $ (1,520) $ 278 $ (16,769) $ 999 Balance Sheet Data: Cash.................... $ 1,361 $ 748 $ 954 $ 402 $ 2,222 $ 13,573 Working capital......... 23,932 16,573 11,724 12,277 19,508 45,715 Total assets............ 105,958 104,112 195,787 183,647 274,678 551,603 Total debt.............. -- -- 89,154 83,163 137,448 287,505 Stockholder's equity.... 60,066 54,984 22,755 26,022 23,396 64,335 Other Financial Data: Capital expenditures.... $ 6,312 $ 567 $ 7,216 $ 5,537 $ 9,399 $ 14,572 Cash interest expense... -- -- 6,609 8,731 9,269 10,925 Ratio of earnings to fixed charges(6)....... 46.3 25.6 -- (7) -- (7) -- (7) 1.1
- ------- (1) Includes (i) the results of the Nicks Silica Assets from January 16, 1998, the date of acquisition, (ii) with respect to the year ended December 31, 1998, the results of Pettinos from July 25, 1998, the date of acquisition, and (iii) with respect to the year ended December 31, 1998, the results of Better Materials from December 14, 1998, the date of acquisition, in each case, as further described in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations". (2) Includes the results of the Morie Assets from April 9, 1999, the date of acquisition, and the results of Commercial Stone from October 1, 1999, the date of acquisition. (3) Represents non-cash compensation expense recorded in the second half of the year ended December 31, 1998 due to the waiver by USS Holdings of its right to repurchase certain capital stock held by our management. (4) Represents the non-cash accretion in value of certain warrants granted with respect to preferred stock of USS Holdings. The Company recognizes this charge as part of push down accounting because the warrants were issued in connection with debt issued by U.S. Silica. The obligation to satisfy any payments due in connection with these warrants was forgiven by USS Holdings during 1999. (5) Represents non-cash charges and write-offs recorded in connection with the Company's early retirement of certain subordinated debt in 1998, and the early retirement of certain senior debt in 1999. (6) Under Item 503 of Regulation S-K, "earnings" for purposes of this calculation have been computed by adding to "income before extraordinary items" all taxes based on income or profits, total interest charges and the estimated interest element of rentals charged to income. "Fixed charges" include total interest charges and the estimated interest element of rentals charged to income. (7) Earnings were insufficient to cover fixed charges by $3.6 million, $2.0 million and $16.9 million for the period February 10, 1996 through December 31, 1996 and the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1998, respectively. 27 MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS General We mine, process and market industrial minerals, principally silica, in the eastern and midwestern United States. We also mine, process and market aggregates and produce and market hot mixed asphalt in certain geographic areas in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. We are the second leading producer of silica in the United States, accounting for approximately 23% of industry volume in 1999. We believe that we have leading positions in most of our key end use markets for our silica products, typically occupying the number one or two position by sales. These end use markets include container glass, fiberglass, specialty glass, flat glass, fillers and extenders, chemicals and ceramics. We also supply our silica products to the foundry, building materials and other end use markets. Our customers use our aggregates, which consist of high quality crushed stone, construction sand and gravel, for road construction and maintenance, other infrastructure projects and residential and commercial construction and to produce hot mixed asphalt and concrete products. We also use our aggregates to produce hot mixed asphalt. We operate a network of 25 production facilities in 14 states. Many of our production facilities are located near major modes of transportation and our significant customers, which reduces transportation costs and enhances customer service. Our principal industrial minerals and aggregates properties each have deposits that we believe will support production in excess of 15 years. On a pro forma basis, our industrial minerals business (substantially all the net sales of which consist of silica products) and our aggregates business accounted for 65.2% and 34.8% of our net sales, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 1999. We recognize net sales at the time product is shipped to our customers and title passes (generally when the product leaves our facility). Except for certain limited instances in our aggregates business where we ship our products in trucks that we own, net sales do not include the costs of transportation borne by our customers. Generally, either our customers pay freight costs directly, or we pay the costs on their behalf and are reimbursed (in which case we record a liability and an accounts receivable on our balance sheet). Cost of goods sold includes the ongoing mining and processing costs of our operations (primarily labor costs, power costs, repair and maintenance costs, costs of hiring third party subcontractors to drill and blast in our mining operations, as well as lease royalty payments, where applicable) and non-cash charges associated with estimated net future costs of restoring and reclaiming operating mine sites. This provision is made at each operating location based on units of production and engineering estimates of total deposits. Selling, general and administrative expenses are the costs of operating our business, including corporate overhead and associated fees and expenses related to acquisitions. Management fees to our acquisition advisors and due diligence costs for any acquisitions that we are unable to complete are also included in this category. Acquired property and mineral deposits are recorded at cost. The purchase price of business acquisitions is allocated based on the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at that time. Depreciation is computed using the straight line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which ranges from 3 to 15 years. Depletion of mineral deposits is accounted for as the minerals are extracted, based on units of production and engineering estimates of total deposits. Accordingly, depletion expense will increase or decrease with changes in the volumes of minerals or aggregates extracted. Amortization of various non-current assets such as non-competition agreements are made on a straight line basis over the life of the related agreement. Goodwill related to purchased acquisitions is amortized over 15 years. 28 History and Recent Acquisitions U.S. Silica was organized in 1927 as the Pennsylvania Glass Sand Corporation. Pennsylvania Glass Sand Corporation was acquired by the International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation in 1968, which in turn sold it to U.S. Borax (formerly Pacific Coast Resources) in 1985. In 1986, the U.S. Silica name was adopted and U.S. Borax acquired Ottawa Silica Company. In 1987, Ottawa Silica Company was merged into U.S. Silica. In February 1996, we purchased U.S. Silica from U.S. Borax. We subsequently completed the following acquisitions: . In January 1998, we acquired certain silica-producing assets (the "Nicks Silica Assets") from Nicks Silica Company, a silica producer in Jackson, Tennessee. These assets generated $4.3 million in revenues during 1996. . In July 1998, we acquired George F. Pettinos, Inc. ("Pettinos"), a producer of aggregates with operations in Berlin, New Jersey, and a processor of silica with operations in Ontario, Canada. Pettinos had $14.9 million in revenues during 1997. . In December 1998, we acquired Better Materials Corporation ("Better Materials"), an aggregates producer in southeastern Pennsylvania. Better Materials had $24.7 million in revenues during 1997. . In April 1999, we acquired the Morie Assets from Unimin Corporation, which are used in the production and sale of silica and aggregates. The Morie Assets generated $17.8 million in revenues during 1998. . In October 1999, we acquired Commercial Stone, a crushed stone and hot mixed asphalt producer in southwestern Pennsylvania. Commercial Stone had $42.0 million in revenues for its fiscal year ended March 31, 1999. We paid $233.7 million in total consideration for the acquisition of these businesses and assets. 29 Results of Operations The following table sets forth Better Minerals & Aggregates' (including its direct and indirect subsidiaries) statement of operations data for the three years ended December 31, 1997, 1998 and 1999, and the percentage of net sales of each line item for the periods presented. This statement of operations data is derived from the consolidated financial statements of Better Minerals & Aggregates and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Year Ended December 31, -------------------------------------------------- 1997 1998 1999 --------------- --------------- --------------- (Dollars in Thousands) Net sales: Industrial minerals....... $128,512 100.0% $138,797 97.5% $159,168 76.1% Aggregates................ -- -- 3,497 2.5 49,907 23.9 -------- -------- -------- Total net sales........... 128,512 100.0 142,294 100.0 209,075 100.0 Cost of goods sold........ 88,097 68.6 98,478 69.2 140,244 67.1 Depreciation, depletion and amortization......... 17,886 13.9 19,888 14.0 28,481 13.6 Selling, general and administrative........... 14,345 11.2 16,930 11.9 21,843 10.4 Incentive stock compensation expense..... -- -- 14,227 10.0 -- -- -------- -------- -------- Operating income (loss)... 8,184 6.4 (7,229) (5.1) 18,507 8.9 Interest expense.......... 10,513 8.2 10,269 7.2 19,590 9.4 Accretion of preferred stock warrants........... 1,374 1.1 1,254 0.9 56 -- Other income net, including interest income................... (1,742) (1.4) (1,881) (1.3) (2,171) (1.0) -------- -------- -------- (Loss) income before income taxes............. (1,961) (1.5) (16,871) (11.9) 1,032 0.5 Provision (Benefit) for income taxes............. (2,239) (1.7) (2,204) 1.5 (2,714) (1.3) -------- -------- -------- Net income (loss) before extraordinary loss....... 278 0.2 (14,667) (10.3) 3,746 1.8 Extraordinary loss........ -- -- (2,102) (1.5) (2,747) (1.3) -------- -------- -------- Net income (loss)......... $ 278 0.2% $(16,769) (11.8)% $ 999 0.5% ======== ======== ========
Year Ended December 31, 1999 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 1998 Net Sales. Net sales increased $66.8 million, or 46.9%, to $209.1 million in the year ended December 31, 1999 from $142.3 million in the year ended December 31, 1998. Net sales of industrial minerals increased $20.4 million, or 14.7%, to $159.2 million in the year ended December 31, 1999 from $138.8 million in the year ended December 31, 1998. The increase was primarily due to the acquisition of the Morie Assets, which resulted in the inclusion of $8.7 million for the period of April 8, 1999 through December 31, 1999, and the full year results of the Pettinos acquisition, which resulted in an increase of $5.3 million in the year ended December 31, 1999 from the year ended December 31, 1998. Excluding the acquisitions, net sales of industrial minerals increased $6.3 million, or 4.6%, to $141.6 million in the year ended December 31, 1999 from $135.3 million in the year ended December 31, 1998, primarily from $4.1 million of increased silica sales to the glass container, flat glass, specialty glass and filler extender and use markets. Net sales of aggregates increased $46.4 million to $49.9 million in the year ended December 31, 1999 from $3.5 million in the year ended December 31, 1998. The increase was primarily due to the full year results from the 1998 acquisitions of Better Materials and Pettinos, which resulted in the inclusion of additional net sales of $27.9 million in the year ended December 31, 1999, the acquisition of the Morie Assets, which resulted in the inclusion of net sales of $6.1 million for the period of April 8, 1999 through December 31, 1999 and the acquisition of Commercial Stone, which resulted in the inclusion of net sales of $12.4 million for the period of October 1, 1999 through December 31, 1999. 30 Cost of Goods Sold. Cost of goods sold increased $41.7 million, or 42.3%, to $140.2 million in the year ended December 31, 1999 from $98.5 million in the year ended December 31, 1998. Cost of goods sold of industrial minerals increased $12.0 million, or 12.5%, to $107.7 million in the year ended December 31, 1999 from $95.7 million in the year ended December 31, 1998. The increase was primarily due to the acquisition of the Morie Assets and the full year results from the Pettinos acquisition, which resulted in the inclusion of $9.7 million in cost of goods sold. Excluding acquisitions, cost of goods sold increased $2.3 million, or 2.5%, on a volume increase of 4.6% in the year ended December 31, 1999 compared to the year ended December 31, 1998. Cost of goods sold of aggregates increased $29.7 million to $32.5 million in the year ended December 31, 1999 from $2.8 million in the year ended December 31, 1998. The increase was due to the inclusion of the full year results from the 1998 acquisitions of Better Materials and Pettinos, and the 1999 acquisition of the Morie Assets and Commercial Stone, which resulted in the inclusion of $29.7 million in additional cost of goods sold in the year ended December 31, 1999. Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization. Depreciation, depletion and amortization increased $8.6 million, or 43.2%, to $28.5 million in the year ended December 31, 1999 from $19.9 million in the year ended December 31, 1998. The increase was primarily due to the acquisitions of Better Materials, the Morie Assets and Commercial Stone. Selling, General and Administrative. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $4.9 million, or 29.0%, to $21.8 million in the year ended December 31, 1999 from $16.9 million in the year ended December 31, 1998. The increase was primarily due to the acquisitions of Pettinos, Better Materials, the Morie Assets and Commercial Stone, which resulted in the inclusion of $4.3 million in additional expense in the year ended December 31, 1999. Excluding these items, selling, general and administrative expenses increased $0.6 million, or 3.6%, to $17.5 million in the year ended December 31, 1999 from $16.9 million in the year ended December 31, 1998 due to normal annual increases. Operating Income. Operating income increased $25.7 million to $18.5 million in the year ended December 31, 1999 from a $7.2 million operating loss in the year ended December 31, 1998. Operating income of industrial minerals increased $19.8 million to $12.5 million in the year ended December 31, 1999 from an operating loss of $7.3 million in the year ended December 31, 1998. The increase is primarily due to the non-recurring incentive stock compensation expense recognized in 1998, as well as the results from the acquisitions and other factors noted earlier. Operating income of aggregates increased $6.9 million to $6.6 million in the year ended December 31, 1999 from an operating loss of $0.3 million in the year ended December 31, 1998 as a result of the acquisitions noted earlier. Corporate expenses not allocated to the business segments increased $0.9 million to $0.6 million in the year ended December 31, 1999. Interest (Income) Expense. Interest expense increased $9.3 million, or 90.3%, to $19.6 million in the year ended December 31, 1999 from $10.3 million in the year ended December 31, 1998. The increase was primarily due to increased borrowings related to acquisitions and increased interest rates. Net Income (Loss). Net income (loss) increased $17.8 million to $1.0 million in the year ended December 31, 1999 from a $16.8 million net loss in the year ended December 31, 1998. The increase in net income is primarily due to the factors noted above, especially the incentive stock 31 compensation expense recognized in 1998. This is partially offset by an increase of $0.6 million in extraordinary losses to $2.7 million in the year ended December 31, 1999 from $2.1 million in the year ended December 31, 1998. The 1999 loss reflects the after-tax charge recognized to write off debt issuance fees that were previously capitalized in connection with our 1998 financing. The 1998 extraordinary loss reflects the after-tax charge to write off capitalized debt issuance fees for subordinated debt first issued in 1996 and retired in 1998. Year Ended December 31, 1998 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 1997 Net Sales. Net sales increased $13.8 million, or 10.7%, to $142.3 million in the year ended December 31, 1998 from $128.5 million in the year ended December 31, 1997. Net sales of industrial minerals increased $10.3 million, or 8.0%, to $138.8 million in the year ended December 31, 1998 from $128.5 million in the year ended December 31, 1997. The increase was primarily due to the acquisition of Pettinos, which resulted in the inclusion of net sales of $3.6 million for the period of July 25, 1998 to December 31, 1998, and the acquisition of Nicks Silica Assets, which resulted in the inclusion of net sales of $1.5 million for the period of January 17, 1998 to December 31, 1998. Excluding these acquisitions, net sales of industrial minerals increased $5.2 million, or 4.0%, to $133.7 million in the year ended December 31, 1998 from $128.5 million in the year ended December 31, 1997. Excluding these acquisitions, net sales of silica increased $5.2 million. The increase was due primarily to new accounts obtained in the glass container and flat glass end use markets and demand for silica in the fiberglass end use market. Net sales of aggregates in the year ended December 31, 1998 were $3.5 million, due to the acquisition of Pettinos, which resulted in the inclusion of net sales of $2.7 million for the period of July 25, 1998 to December 31, 1998, and the acquisition of Better Materials, which resulted in the inclusion of net sales of $0.8 million for the period of December 15, 1998 to December 31, 1998. There were no sales of aggregates in the year ended December 31, 1997. Cost of Goods Sold. Cost of goods sold increased $10.4 million, or 11.8%, to $98.5 million in the year ended December 31, 1998 from $88.1 million in the year ended December 31, 1997. The increase was primarily due to the acquisition of the Nicks Silica Assets, Pettinos and Better Materials, which resulted in the inclusion of $9.5 million of operating expenses, including expenses of $0.6 million incurred to improve the safety and operating standards of the operations of the Nicks Silica Assets. Excluding acquisitions, cost of goods sold increased $0.8 million, or 0.9% on a volume increase of 2.6%, in the year ended December 31, 1998 compared to the year ended December 31, 1997. Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization. Depreciation, depletion and amortization increased $2.0 million, or 11.2%, to $19.9 million in the year ended December 31, 1998 from $17.9 million in the year ended December 31, 1997. The increase was primarily due to the acquisition of the Nicks Silica Assets, Pettinos and Better Materials, increased production and an increase in the amortization of non-competition agreements with the former owner of the Nicks Silica Assets. Selling, General and Administrative. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $2.6 million, or 18.2%, to $16.9 million in the year ended December 31, 1998 from $14.3 million in the year ended December 31, 1997. The increase was primarily due to $1.1 million of costs associated with the acquisition of the Nicks Silica Assets, Pettinos and Better Materials and non- recurring professional fees of $1.0 million incurred in connection with the refinancing of our indebtedness in July 1998. Excluding these items, selling, general and administrative expenses increased $0.5 million, or 3.6%, to $14.3 million in the year ended December 31, 1998 from $13.8 million in the year ended December 31, 1997 due to normal annual increases and one-time expenses associated with a reorganization of our sales and marketing departments. 32 Incentive Stock Compensation Expense. In 1998, we recognized non-cash compensation expense due to the fact that USS Holdings waived its right to repurchase certain outstanding shares of its capital stock held by our management. Operating Loss. Operating loss increased $15.4 million to $7.2 million in the year ended December 31, 1998 from operating income of $8.2 million in the year ended December 31, 1997. The change was primarily due to the incentive stock compensation expense recorded in this period. Interest (Income) Expense. Interest expense decreased $0.2 million, or 1.9%, to $10.3 million in the year ended December 31, 1998 from $10.5 million in the year ended December 31, 1997. The decrease was primarily due to reduced interest rates on borrowings under our existing credit facilities. Other Income (Expense). Other income increased $0.1 million to $1.9 million in the year ended December 31, 1998 from $1.8 million in the year ended December 31, 1997. Net (Loss) Income. Net income decreased $17.1 million to a net loss of $16.8 million in the year ended December 31, 1998. The decrease in net income was primarily due to the factors previously noted and an extraordinary after tax charge of $2.1 million recognized in 1998 to write off debt issuance fees that were previously capitalized in connection with our 1996 financing. The charge represents the write-off of the components that were related to the subordinated debt that was repaid in connection with the refinancing in July 1998. Liquidity and Capital Resources Our principal liquidity requirements have historically been to service our debt and meet our working capital, capital expenditure and mine development expenditure needs and to finance acquisitions. We have historically met our liquidity and capital investment needs with internally generated funds while acquisitions have required borrowings and equity investments. Our total long- term debt as of December 31, 1999 was $287.5 million. Net cash provided by operating activities was $16.0 million for the year ended December 31, 1997, $15.4 million for the year ended December 31, 1998 and $29.5 for the year ended December 31, 1999. Cash provided from operating activities decreased $0.6 million from 1997 to 1998 due to net changes in working capital, partially offset by increases in depreciation. For the year ended December 31, 1999, cash flow from operating activities was $14.1 million more than in 1998 due to increased operating income, partially offset by increased interest expense. Cash used for investing activities was $5.2 million for the year ended December 31, 1997, $66.6 million for the year ended December 31, 1998 and $185.6 million for the year ended December 31, 1999. Cash used in investing for the year ended December 31, 1997 represented investments in capital expenditures. For the year ended December 31, 1998, $57.5 million was used to purchase the Nicks Silica Assets, Pettinos and Better Materials as well as $9.4 million in capital expenditures. For the year ended December 31, 1999, cash used in investing activities increased $119.0 million due primarily to the acquisitions of the Morie Assets completed in April 1999 and Commercial Stone completed in October 1999, which aggregated $172.4 million inclusive of transaction costs, as well as a $5.2 million increase in capital expenditures. Cash flow from (used for) financing activities was ($11.3) million for the year ended December 31, 1997, $53.1 million for the year ended December 31, 1998 and $167.5 million for the year ended December 31, 1999. For the year ended December 31, 1997, there was a $7.0 million reduction in long-term debt as well as a $5.0 million redemption of preferred stock from the former parent of U.S. Silica. For the year ended December 31, 1998, long-term debt was increased in a 33 refinancing to complete the acquisitions of Pettinos and Better Materials as well as to retire approximately $15.7 million in subordinated debt and pay fees and prepayment penalties. For the year ended December 31, 1999, long-term debt increased due to the issuance of $150.0 million of the subordinated notes, which was used to complete the acquisition of Commercial Stone. In addition, we received a $35.0 million equity contribution from USS Holdings. Net cash provided by financing activities was partially offset by $15.8 million in financing fees. Interest payments on the notes, senior debt service under the new credit facilities, working capital, capital expenditures and mine development expenditures incurred in the normal course of business as current deposits are depleted represent the significant liquidity requirements of Better Minerals & Aggregates (including its direct and indirect subsidiaries). Future, but as yet unidentified, acquisition opportunities will also represent potentially significant liquidity requirements. On October 1, 1999, the new credit facilities provided us with (i) a $50.0 million revolving credit facility, (ii) a fully drawn $45.0 million tranche A term loan facility (including a tranche of loans denominated in Canadian dollars in an amount equal to $2.0 million borrowed on the closing date by George F. Pettinos (Canada) Limited), (iii) a fully drawn $95.0 million tranche B term loan facility and (iv) an undrawn $40.0 million acquisition term loan facility. The revolving credit facility is available for general corporate purposes, including working capital and capital expenditures, but excluding acquisitions, and includes sublimits of $12.0 million and $3.0 million, respectively, for letters of credit and swingline loans. The acquisition term loan facility is available for three years after the closing date, during which time we may make no more than three borrowings, each borrowing being subject to achieving a pro forma leverage ratio as defined not exceeding 5.00 to 1.00. For a description of the amortization and interest rates with respect to the new credit facilities, see "Description of the New Credit Facilities." Simultaneously with the issuance of the new credit facilities on October 1, 1999, we retired in full $167.2 million in senior debt under a credit agreement that was entered into on July 21, 1998 and later amended on April 8, 1999. We repaid $3.9 million of the tranche A term loan facility and $200,000 of the tranche B facility in the fourth quarter of 1999. On February 29, 2000, we completed the sale of one of our two Canadian subsidiaries, George F. Pettinos (Canada) Limited, for $3.2 million. We used the proceeds of this sale to repay $2.0 million of the tranche A term loan facility, which had been borrowed on the closing date by this former subsidiary, and for general corporate purposes. The new credit facilities and the indenture impose certain restrictions on us, including restrictions on our ability to incur indebtedness, pay dividends, make investments, grant liens, sell our assets and engage in certain other activities. In addition, the new credit facilities require us to maintain certain financial ratios. Debt under the new credit facilities is secured by substantially all of our assets, including our real and personal property, inventory, accounts receivable and other intangibles. See "Description of the New Credit Facilities." We incurred fees and expenses of approximately $18.8 million in connection with the acquisition of Commercial Stone, the issuance of the notes and the borrowings under the new credit facilities. Financing fees were approximately $15.0 million and will be amortized over the life of the debt. Fees totaling $2.5 million were capitalized as a cost of the Commercial Stone acquisition. The remaining $1.3 million in fees and expenses were bonuses paid to certain Commercial Stone employees as a loyalty bonus. Our expected capital expenditure requirements for 2000 and 2001 are $26.1 million and $21.7 million, excluding possible acquisitions, respectively. 34 Our ability to satisfy our debt obligations and to pay principal and interest on our debt, including the notes, fund working capital, mine development and acquisition requirements and make anticipated capital expenditures will depend on our future performance, which is subject to general economic, financial and other factors, some of which are beyond our control. We believe that based on current levels of operations and anticipated growth, cash flow from operations, together with borrowings under the revolving credit facility and, if available, the acquisition term loan facility, will be adequate for the foreseeable future to make required payments of principal and interest on our debt, including the notes, fund working capital, mine development and capital expenditure requirements and pursue acquisitions. There can be no assurance, however, that our business will generate sufficient cash flow from operations or that future borrowings will be available under the revolving credit facility and the acquisition term loan facility in an amount sufficient to enable us to service our debt, including the notes, or to fund our other liquidity needs. Inflation We do not believe that inflation has had a material impact on our financial position or results of operations during the periods covered by the financial statements included in this prospectus. Seasonality Our aggregates business is seasonal, due primarily to the effect of weather conditions in winter months on construction activity in our Pennsylvania and New Jersey markets. Due to this, peak sales of aggregates occur primarily in the months of April through November. Accordingly, our results of operations in any individual quarter may not be indicative of our results of operations for the full year. Year 2000 Compliance Background. The year 2000 issue refers to the inability of certain computer programs to recognize a date ending in "00" as the year 2000 as a result of being written using two digits, rather than four, to define the applicable year. Systems that have time-sensitive hardware or software may recognize a date using "00" as the year 1900 rather than the year 2000. If not corrected, many computer applications could have failed or produced erroneous data on or about January 1, 2000. As part of an overall company program that began in 1994 to upgrade all of our hardware and software systems, the issue of year 2000 compliance was reviewed as each of our major systems was evaluated and changed. Replacement systems were installed, and confirmation letters were received from software and hardware suppliers attesting to the compliance of the systems installed. We also made efforts to determine the year 2000 compliance status of the significant third parties with whom we do business. In 1998, questionnaires were sent to our most significant service providers and material suppliers. No unsatisfactory responses regarding year 2000 compliance were received. Costs. In 1998 and 1999, we spent $252,600 and $286,000, respectively, to upgrade several major systems to year 2000-compliant system releases. Additionally, plant automation control software was upgraded at two facilities at a cost of $62,000 and $239,000, respectively, in 1998 and 1999. There can be no assurance that we will not incur further costs as a result of the discovery of unexpected need for additional remediation work. Results. The results of the year 2000 program are now documented. During the rollover to 2000, neither we, nor any of our major customers or vendors, experienced service interruptions due to computer hardware, software or embedded chips that adversely affected our business. 35 Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosures About Market Risk We do not expect to enter into financial instruments for trading purposes. We anticipate periodically entering into interest rate swap agreements to effectively convert all or a portion of our floating-rate debt to fixed-rate debt in order to reduce our exposure to movements in interest rates. Such agreements would involve the exchange of fixed and floating interest rate payments over the life of the agreement without the exchange of the underlying principal amounts. The impact of fluctuations in interest rates on the interest rate swap agreements is expected to be offset by the opposite impact on the related debt. We record the payments or receipts on the agreements as adjustments to interest expense. Swap agreements will only be entered into with syndicate banks. In addition, we may enter into interest rate cap agreements, which limit our variable rate interest to a specified level. In the future, we may enter into natural gas and other energy related hedge arrangements in order to reduce our exposure to changes in commodity energy prices. At this time, we have no energy hedge agreements outstanding. We are exposed to various market risks, including changes in interest rates. Market risk related to interest rates is the potential loss arising from adverse changes in interest rates. At December 31, 1999, we had outstanding interest rate swap agreements maturing in 2001 with an aggregate notional principal amount of $30.0 million. At December 31, 1998, we had outstanding interest rate swap agreements maturing in 1999 and 2001 with an aggregate notional principal amount of $85.0 million. These swaps effectively convert the variable interest rates on the notional principal amounts to a fixed interest rate. In addition, we had interest rate cap agreements at December 31, 1999 and 1998 with aggregate notional principal amounts of $51.0 million and $30.0 million, respectively. These agreements effectively limit the variable portion of the interest rate on the notional principal amount of variable rate debt to 6.5%. The fair value of interest rate swap and cap agreements represents the estimated receipts or payments that we would make to terminate the agreements. At December 31, 1999, we would have received $0.4 million to terminate the interest rate swap agreements and $0.3 million to terminate the interest rate cap agreements. The fair market value of our long-term fixed interest rate debt is subject to interest rate risk. Generally, the fair market value of the fixed interest rate debt will increase as the interest rates fall and decrease as interest rates rise. At December 31, 1999, the estimated fair value of our fixed interest rate long-term debt (including current portion) approximated its carrying value of $150.0 million due to its recent issuance. If the prevailing interest rates at December 31, 1999 increased by 1.0%, the fair value of our total long-term debt would decrease by approximately $6.2 million. Environmental and Related Matters See "Business--Government Regulation" for a discussion of certain environmental matters relating to our various production and other facilities, certain regulatory requirements relating to human exposure to crystalline silica and our mining activity and how such matters may affect our business in the future. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In June 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities ("FAS 133"), which is required to be adopted in years beginning after June 15, 2000. Because of our minimal use of derivatives, we do not anticipate that the adoption of FAS 133 will have a significant impact on our results of operations or financial condition. 36 INDUSTRY OVERVIEW Set forth below is information about the key industries in which we operate: Silica Industry Silica, often termed "industrial sand," "silica sand" and "quartz sand," includes sands with high silicon dioxide content. Silica is a naturally occurring mineral that has a broad range of distinct characteristics, such as size, purity, color, inertness, hardness and resistance to high temperatures, which make it difficult to substitute in a variety of applications. Silica is used in a wide range of end use markets, including the container glass, fiberglass, specialty glass, flat glass, chemicals, foundry, fillers and extenders, and ceramics end use markets. In 1998, consumption of silica in the United States was approximately 29.0 million tons, generating sales of approximately $491 million. The United States silica industry has been characterized by stable growth. From 1988 to 1998, sales of silica in the United States grew at a compound annual growth rate of approximately 2.7%. This growth resulted from increased demand across a wide variety of end use markets. Silica producers are typically either large, national producers that produce many grades of silica or smaller, regional companies that produce silica for limited uses. According to the U.S. Geological Survey, the five leading United States producers of silica in 1998, in descending order, were Unimin Corporation, U.S. Silica, Fairmount Minerals Ltd., Oglebay Norton Industrial Sands Co. and Badger Mining Corporation. Competition generally occurs among participants in geographic proximity to each other because transportation cost represents a significant portion of the overall cost of silica to customers. Therefore, competition within any given geographic area is distinct, as transportation costs generally limit the market to within 200 miles of a producer's facilities. However, certain high margin industrial minerals products, such as fine ground silica, may be distributed nationally and, in some cases, internationally due to the high value of these products relative to transportation costs. Aggregates Industry Aggregates consist of crushed stone, construction sand and gravel and are a basic raw material used in a wide variety of applications including asphalt, concrete, road construction and residential and commercial construction. In 1998, consumption of aggregates (not including hot mixed asphalt) in the United States was approximately 2.8 billion tons, generating sales of approximately $13.5 billion. The United States aggregates industry is characterized by stable growth. From 1988 to 1998, sales of aggregates in the United States grew at a compound annual growth rate of approximately 4.4%. This growth resulted from increased demand for road construction and maintenance, other infrastructure projects and residential and commercial construction. According to the U.S. Geological Survey, aggregates prices range from approximately $2 per ton for construction sand and gravel fill to approximately $35 per ton for special whiting crushed stone. Due to the high cost of transportation relative to the value of the product, competition within the aggregates industry favors producers with aggregate production facilities in close proximity to transportation modes and customers. As a result, competition is generally limited to a 75 mile area. The United States aggregates industry is currently experiencing consolidation. According to the U.S. Geological Survey, in 1997 there were 3,362 active crushed stone quarries and 7,658 active construction sand and gravel operations in the United States. The U.S. Geological Survey states that the five leading aggregates producers in 1998, in descending order, were Vulcan Materials Company, Martin Marietta Aggregates, a division of Martin Marietta Materials, Inc., Cornerstone Construction & 37 Material, Inc., Lafarge Corporation and Oldcastle, Inc./Materials Group. According to the U.S. Geological Survey, these producers accounted for approximately 18.7% of total United States aggregates production in 1998. We believe demand for aggregates will increase due to the passage by Congress in 1998 of TEA-21. TEA-21 establishes a $218 billion transportation program that provides for increased federal funding for highways and related infrastructure improvements through 2003. TEA-21 authorizes average annual federal spending on highways and related infrastructure improvements of approximately $26 billion, approximately 44% higher than the average annual federal spending of $18 billion under the predecessor program. In Pennsylvania and New Jersey, our primary aggregates markets, average annual federal spending on highways and related infrastructure improvements under TEA-21 is projected to be approximately 47% and 30% higher, respectively, than under the predecessor program. Another trend expected to impact the aggregates market is the adoption of the Superpave system. Superpave is a new approach to asphalt mix design, which provides designers with standards for customizing roadway mixes for specific weather and traffic conditions. This new set of standards generally requires high quality aggregates that conform to a variety of specific characteristics, including hardness, absorption, size and shape. We believe our aggregates comply with the high Superpave standards. Many state governments have elected to require their roadways to conform to the Superpave standards. For example, the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation has stated that it will require, as of September 2000, all roadway contracts to include the use of the Superpave standards. Hot mixed asphalt is a densely packed combination of approximately 95% crushed stone, sand or gravel bound together by asphalt oil. A major component of the road system in the United States, hot mixed asphalt covers approximately 95% of the paved roads in the United States. The United States hot mixed asphalt industry generates over $10 billion in sales annually. Market growth is primarily driven by road construction and population growth. 38 BUSINESS General We mine, process and market industrial minerals, principally silica, in the eastern and midwestern United States. We also mine, process and market aggregates and produce and market hot mixed asphalt in certain geographic areas in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. We are the second leading producer of silica in the United States, accounting for approximately 23% of industry volume in 1999. We believe that we have leading positions in most of our key end use markets for our silica products, typically occupying the number one or two position by sales. These end use markets include container glass, fiberglass, specialty glass, flat glass, fillers and extenders, chemicals and ceramics. We also supply our silica products to the foundry, building materials and other end use markets. Our customers use our aggregates, which consist of high quality crushed stone, construction sand and gravel, for road construction and maintenance, other infrastructure projects and residential and commercial construction and to produce hot mixed asphalt and concrete products. We also use our aggregates to produce hot mixed asphalt. We operate a network of 25 production facilities in 14 states. Many of our production facilities are located near major modes of transportation and our significant customers, which reduces transportation costs and enhances customer service. Our principal industrial minerals and aggregates properties each have deposits that we believe will support production in excess of 15 years. On a pro forma basis, our industrial minerals business (substantially all the net sales of which consists of silica products) and our aggregates business accounted for 65.2% and 34.8% of our net sales, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 1999. On a pro forma basis, we had net sales of $248.1 million for the year ended December 31, 1999. Products We produce a variety of industrial minerals and aggregates that are designed to meet a broad range of customer needs. Industrial Minerals. Our industrial minerals products are processed to meet a broad range of chemical purity, particle shape and sizing specifications. Our key industrial minerals products are known as unground silica, ground silica, fine ground silica, kaolin and aplite. Our unground silica products consist of silica of various size grades ranging from 120 to 20 mesh. For the year ended December 31, 1999 we sold 5.4 million tons of unground silica. Our ground silica products consist of unground silica that is further processed into sizes of 40 to 125 microns and are marketed under the Sil-Co-Sil(R) brand name. For the year ended December 31, 1999 we sold 610,000 tons of ground silica. The average selling price for ground silica is approximately $30 per ton more than for unground silica. Our fine ground silica products consist of ground silica which we have further processed with highly engineered equipment into size grades of 5 to 40 microns and are marketed under the Min-U-Sil(R) brand name. We believe that no other producer in the United States currently produces a 5 micron product with the consistent quality and size of our 5 micron product. For the year ended December 31, 1999 we sold 59,000 tons of fine ground silica. The average selling price for fine ground silica is approximately $170 per ton more than for ground silica. In addition to our silica products we also produce a limited amount of kaolin and aplite. Kaolin is a mineral co-product in our production of silica in Kosse, Texas that we sell primarily as a filler and extender to the paints and coatings industry. Aplite is an alumina source produced at our Montpelier, Virginia facility that we sell primarily to the glass industry. Aggregates. Our aggregates products include high quality crushed stone, construction sand and gravel, which we provide in various sizes, and hot mixed asphalt. On a pro forma basis, we sold 7.4 million tons of our aggregates products (excluding sales of hot mixed asphalt) for the year ended December 31, 1999. On a pro forma basis, we sold 1.8 million tons of our hot mixed asphalt for the 39 year ended December 31, 1999. We produce a high quality, anti-skid asphalt using the Superpave system. The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation has stated that it will require, as of September 2000, all roadway contracts to include the use of the Superpave standards. We are competitively positioned to benefit from this new requirement due to our ability both to supply our customers with the quality of aggregates required by the Superpave system as well as to manufacture Superpave-compliant asphalt from our own aggregates. See "Industry Overview--Aggregates Industry." End Use Markets and Customers We sell our products to a wide variety of customers within numerous end use markets. The following table sets forth the net sales, products, primary applications and representative customers by end use market served by our industrial minerals and aggregates businesses.
Pro Forma Year Ended December 31, 1999 Primary Representative End Use Markets Net Sales Products Applications Customers - --------------- -------------------- ---------------- ---------------- -------------------------------- (Dollars in Millions) Industrial Minerals Container glass.......... $ 27.2 Unground silica, Food, beverage Ball-Foster, Inc., aplite and liquor Owens-Illinois, Inc. bottles Fiberglass............... 15.9 Unground silica, Roofing Owens Corning, PPG Industries, ground silica, products, Inc. aplite automotive parts, sports equipment, boats, insulation Specialty glass.......... 14.5 Unground silica, Television Anchor Hocking, Inc., ground silica, tubes, lights, Corning Asahi aplite tableware, Video,Corning Incorporated, optical lenses Libbey Inc., General Electric Flat glass............... 10.6 Unground silica Automobile AFG Industries, Inc., glass, windows Guardian Industries Corp.,Pilkington plc, PPG Industries, Inc. Foundry.................. 23.7 Unground silica, Automotive, Caterpillar Inc., ground silica heavy equipment Citation Corporation and machine tool castings Fillers and extenders.... 22.7 Unground silica, Industrial and Behr Process Corporation, Delphi ground silica, traffic paints, Packard Electric, Dow Corning fine ground epoxy molded Corporation,Sherwin-Williams silica, kaolin countertops, silicone rubber Building materials....... 18.3 Unground silica, Bricks, stucco, CertainTeed Corporation, Owens ground silica, concrete, Corning fine ground asphalt shingles silica, kaolin Chemicals................ 10.3 Unground silica, Detergents, J.M. Huber Corp., ground silica paper textile Occidental Chemical Corporation, finishing, PQ Corporation dental products Ceramics................. 5.1 Unground silica, Ceramic American Marazzi Tile, Cooper ground silica, whiteware, floor Power Systems, Ideal-Standard, fine ground tiles, glaze The Pfaltzgraff Co. silica, kaolin formulations Other.................... 13.4 Unground silica, Fracturing Toys 'R Us Inc., various country ground silica, sands, sand clubs fine ground boxes, silica, kaolin, playgrounds, aplite athletic fields, racetracks, golf courses Aggregates Paving and construction.. 86.4 Crushed stone, Pavement, Various local contractors construction outside sand, gravel, recreational hot mixed facilities, asphalt sport stadiums, residential and commercial construction Total.................... $248.1
40 We generate net sales from a diversified base of customers and end use markets. On a pro forma basis for the year ended December 31, 1999, 65.2% of our net sales was derived from our industrial minerals business and 34.8% of our net sales was derived from our aggregates business. During that same period, we exceeded $10 million in net sales in each of 10 distinct end use markets and no single customer accounted for more than 5% of our net sales. Industrial Minerals. Our industrial mineral products are sold into a variety of end use markets, as described below. Container Glass. We supply unground silica and aplite to the container glass end use market for use in the production of food, beverage and liquor bottles. Fiberglass. We supply unground and ground silica and aplite to the textile and insulation fiberglass end use markets. Textile fiberglass is used in the production of roofing products and composites for automotive parts, sports equipment and boats. Insulation fiberglass is used to maximize energy efficiency in buildings by insulating heating and cooling ducts, attics, basements and exterior walls. Specialty Glass. We supply unground and ground silica and aplite to the specialty glass end use market for use in the production of television tubes, lights, tableware and optical lenses. These end use markets have enjoyed steady growth due to the development of innovative and sophisticated new specialty glass products. Because of the higher quality standards in this market, certain of our industrial minerals for specialty glass are shipped nationally as well as regionally. Flat Glass. We supply unground silica to the flat glass end use market for use in the production of automotive glass and windows. Windows are primarily used in commercial and residential construction and remodeling. We estimate that in 1999 our shipments of industrial silica to the container glass, fiberglass, specialty glass and flat glass end use markets accounted for approximately 30% of the total volume of industrial silica shipped to the glass end use markets in the United States. Foundry. We supply unground and ground silica to the foundry end use market for use in the production of automotive, heavy equipment and machine tool castings. We estimate that in 1999 we accounted for approximately 20% of the silica volume shipped to the foundry end use market in the United States. Fillers and Extenders. We supply unground, ground and fine ground silica and kaolin to the paints and coatings end use market as fillers and extenders in the production of architectural, industrial and traffic paints, and to the rubber and plastic end use market for use in the production of epoxy molded countertops and silicone rubber. We estimate that in 1999 we accounted for approximately 60% of the silica volume shipped to the fillers and extenders end use market in the United States. This is our highest value end use market, as a premium is placed on the particle size and whiteness of our silica. As a result of the high margin products we sell in this market, we are able to ship certain of these products to customers nationally as well as regionally. In addition, we are also able to compete internationally with some of these products. Building Materials. We supply unground, ground and fine ground silica and kaolin to the building materials end use market for use in the production of bricks, stucco, concrete and asphalt shingles. We estimate that in 1999 we accounted for approximately 20% of the silica volume shipped to the building materials end use market in the United States. Chemicals. We supply unground and ground silica to the chemicals end use market where it is used in the manufacture of sodium silicate, which is used in products such as detergents, paper 41 textile, finishing and dental products. We estimate that in 1999 we accounted for approximately 80% of the silica volume shipped to the chemicals end use market in the United States. Ceramics. We supply unground, ground and fine ground silica and kaolin to the ceramics end use market for use in the production of ceramic whiteware, floor tiles and glaze formulations. We estimate that in 1999 we accounted for approximately 50% of the silica volume shipped to the ceramics end use market in the United States. Other. We also supply our unground, ground and fine ground silica and our kaolin and aplite to a variety of additional markets. For example, our silica is used as fracturing sand in the oil and gas end use market and in athletic fields, race tracks, sand boxes, playgrounds and golf courses. Aggregates Paving and Construction. We supply our aggregates products primarily to the paving and construction end use market in southern New Jersey and southeastern and western Pennsylvania for use in pavements. Most of our aggregates production is sold directly to local contractors. We also supply our aggregates for use in outside recreational facilities, sport stadiums and residential and commercial construction. We use the remainder of our aggregates to produce hot mixed asphalt, which we also sell to local contractors. Sales and Marketing We market our industrial minerals products primarily on a local basis. Our local sales and marketing efforts are divided among 10 regions, each managed by a regional sales person, and are directed to meet our local customers' specific needs. Our technical and customer service personnel support our local sales and marketing personnel. Certain of our smaller local customers are primarily serviced by customer service representatives located at our facilities. We also sell to distributors for resale outside our 10 sales regions or to customers who desire to purchase a combination of our industrial minerals and other products which the distributor supplies. In the case of our customers that have facilities in multiple states, we also direct our sales and marketing efforts at the corporate headquarters level. While competition for these customers generally remains at the local level, the terms of certain of our agreements are negotiated with the customer at the corporate level. Our national account managers also coordinate multi- disciplinary teams that work with these customers and their technical and engineering departments to jointly develop specifications for industrial minerals to meet their local product and application needs. In addition, we provide technical and customer service to these customers' individual facility locations at the local level. We market our aggregates products, including our hot mixed asphalt, directly through our local sales force, which calls on our customers at their facilities. Competition Due to the high cost of transportation relative to the value of our industrial minerals and aggregates products, competition tends to be limited to producers in proximity to our production facilities. Although we experience competition in all of our markets, we believe that we are a leading producer in the key end use markets and geographic areas that we serve. The silica industry is a competitive market that is characterized by a small number of large, national producers and a larger number of small, regional producers. We are the second leading producer of silica in the United States, accounting for approximately 23% of industry volume in 1999. We compete with, among others, Unimin Corporation, Fairmount Minerals Ltd., Oglebay Norton Industrial Sands Inc. and Badger Mining Corporation. Competition in the industrial minerals industry is based on price, consistency and quality of product, site location, distribution capability, customer service, reliability of supply, breadth of product offering and technical support. In addition, there is 42 significant unutilized capacity in the industrial minerals industry that could adversely affect the pricing of our industrial minerals products. In recent years, the aggregates industry has seen increasing consolidation, although competition remains primarily local. Competition in the aggregates industry is based primarily on price, quality of product, site location, distribution capability and customer service. In Pennsylvania and New Jersey we compete primarily with local or regional operations. In addition, in western Pennsylvania, slag, a residue from steel processing, also competes with our aggregates products. Production and Distribution Our production process for our industrial minerals generally consists of mining mineral ore followed by a number of processing steps. All of our industrial minerals mining operations involve surface mining. As is customary in our industry, some of our mining operations, particularly drilling and blasting, are outsourced to third parties. After the mineral ore is mined we crush it into various sizes, depending on the specific customer application. We then remove impurities from the materials in a washing process and remove oversized particles by screening. Moisture is removed through a drying process and the product is loaded into trucks or rail cars for shipment or is bagged before shipping. We ship our industrial mineral products direct to our customers by either truck or rail. Bagged product is generally distributed by truck. We sometimes utilize rail-truck transfer stations to deliver our products if we can thereby achieve lower delivery costs to a given customer or region. Almost all our truck shipments of industrial minerals are carried out by third parties. Our rail shipments are generally made by railcar equipment owned by the railroad, although for some customers and regions we lease our own railcars. Given the value to weight ratio of most of our industrial mineral products, the cost- effective distribution range is approximately 200 miles. For some of our high margin fine ground silica and other specialty products such as kaolin, we can effectively distribute our products nationally and, in some cases, internationally. Our production process for our aggregates consists of mining mineral ore and then crushing it into various sizes based on customer specifications. All of our aggregates mining operations involve surface mining, except for one which involves underground mining. Generally, surface mining is subject to less operational risk than underground mining. We either ship our aggregates products product directly to our customers by truck, or store it at our facility to meet future customer demand. In certain instances we deliver large orders by rail. Our hot mixed asphalt is produced by mixing our aggregates with asphalt oil, blending to customer specifications and then delivering by truck. The Commercial Stone acquisition provided us with CATS, a subsidiary that runs a cooperative fleet of dump trucks owned by independent contractors. CATS hires these trucks for hauling of aggregates and other bulk materials. In return, the independent trucking contractors benefit from a steady source of work and bulk discounts on fuel, tires and other services. CATS enables us to secure reliable access to a fleet of approximately 200 dump trucks on a cost- effective basis. Technical Support We operate a laboratory to monitor the quality of our products, plants and services. The laboratory has four principal functions. The technical service function provides support to both current and prospective customers and performs controlled tests for a variety of applications. The lab also assists foundries in their quality control programs through periodic testing of their sand and equipment, a service that has enabled us to increase our business by acquiring several large foundries as customers. The application function evaluates the chemical, physical and performance characteristics of our products and those of our competitors. These evaluations assist us in 43 developing new products and applications and enable us to provide our customers with technical support and recommendations. The analytical function both provides support for plants lacking the ability to provide certain technical information to customers, and analyzes drill core samples to provide data for short- and long-term mine planning. The mineral processing function is designed to simulate all plant processes, primarily preparing and analyzing drill core samples for mine planning purposes and providing expertise in plant problem troubleshooting. We are ISO 9002 registered at eight plants. Employees As of March 1, 2000, we had approximately 1,048 employees, of which approximately 527 were represented by 12 local unions under 12 union contracts. These union contracts have remaining durations ranging from one to five years. Over the last 10 years, we have been involved in numerous labor negotiations, only two of which have resulted in a work disruption at two of our 25 facilities. During these disruptions, the operations of the facilities and the ability to serve our customers were not materially affected. We believe that our current relations with our employees are good. Properties and Mineral Deposits We own or lease a number of properties located in the eastern and midwestern United States. Our headquarters is in Berkeley Springs, West Virginia. Set forth below is the location, use, status and number of years of remaining reserves as of December 31, 1999 for each of our principal properties:
Number of Years Remaining Location Use Status Reserves/1/ - -------- --- ------ --------------- Berkeley Springs, WV Corporate offices Owned N/A Industrial Minerals Berkeley Springs, WV Silica mining and processing Owned 30 Cedar Lake, NJ Silica mining and processing Owned 4 Columbia, SC Silica mining and processing Leased 28 Dubberly, LA Silica mining and processing Owned/Leased 34 Dundee, OH Silica mining and processing Owned 79 Hurtsboro, AL Silica mining and processing Owned/Leased 6 Jackson, TN Silica mining and processing Owned 33 Kosse, TX Silica and kaolin mining and processing Owned/Leased 24 Mapleton Depot, PA Silica mining and processing Owned/Leased 22 Mauricetown, NJ Silica processing Owned N/A Mill Creek, OK Silica mining and processing Owned/Leased 26 Millville, NJ Silica mining and processing Owned/Leased 24 Montpelier, VA Aplite mining and processing Owned/Leased 48 Ottawa, IL Silica mining and processing Owned 64 Pacific, MO Silica mining and processing Owned 71 Port Elizabeth, NJ Silica mining and processing Owned 38 Rockwood, MI Silica processing Owned N/A Aggregates Adamsburg, PA Hot mixed asphalt plant Owned N/A Berlin, NJ Construction sand mining and processing Owned 15 Ottsville, PA Stone quarry; hot mixed asphalt plant Owned 40 Penns Park, PA Stone quarry; hot mixed asphalt plant Owned 30 Rich Hill, PA Stone quarry; sand plant Owned/Leased 35 Springfield Pike, PA Stone quarry; hot mixed asphalt plant; offices Owned 61 Upper Township, NJ Construction sand mining and processing Owned/Leased 4 Washington, PA Hot mixed asphalt plant Owned N/A
- -------- /1/The number of years of remaining reserves for each of our principal properties as of December 31, 1999 is based on extraction and production information collected during 1999. 44 With respect to each operation at which we mine industrial minerals and aggregates, we obtain permits from various governmental authorities prior to the commencement of mining. The current permitted deposits on our properties are sufficient to support production, based on historical rates of production, for an average of approximately 10 years, ranging from approximately four years to approximately 50 years. We obtain permits to mine deposits as needed in the normal course of business based on our mine plans and state and local regulatory provisions regarding mine permitting and licensing. Based on our historical permitting experience, we expect to be able to continue to obtain necessary mining permits to support historical rates of production. Industrial minerals and aggregates properties which have deposits (which include both permitted and unpermitted deposits) that we believe are sufficient to support production for over 15 years accounted for approximately 95% of our net sales on a pro forma basis for the year ended December 31, 1999. Additionally, to further assure sufficient deposits and adequate facilities to meet future demand, we plan to obtain new deposits through expansion of existing sites, where feasible, and acquisitions of industrial minerals and aggregates businesses. Some of our mining leases can be indefinitely renewed by us on an annual basis while others have terms ranging from two to 50 years (including unilateral renewal rights). These leases generally provide for royalty payments to the lessor based on a specific amount per ton or a percentage of revenue. In addition, we have a number of non-mining leases that relate to the above properties that permit us to perform activities that are ancillary to the mining of industrial minerals or aggregates such as surface use leases that allow haul trucks to transport material from the mine to the plant site. Legal Proceedings We are a defendant in various lawsuits related to our businesses. These matters include lawsuits relating to the exposure of persons to silica as discussed in detail under "--Product Liability" below. Although we do not believe that these lawsuits are likely to have a material adverse effect upon our business, we cannot predict what the full impact of these or other lawsuits will be. We currently believe, however, that these claims and proceedings in the aggregate are unlikely to have a material adverse effect on us. Product Liability The inhalation of respirable crystalline silica is associated with several adverse health effects. First, it has been known since at least the 1930s that prolonged inhalation of respirable crystalline silica can cause silicosis, an occupational disease characterized by fibrosis, or scarring, of the lungs. Second, since the mid-1980s, the carcinogenicity of crystalline silica has been at issue and the subject of much debate and research. In 1987, the International Agency for Research on Cancer ("IARC"), an agency of the World Health Organization, classified crystalline silica as a probable human carcinogen. In 1996, a working group of IARC voted to reclassify crystalline silica as a known human carcinogen. The National Toxicology Program ("NTP"), part of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, has recently proposed upgrading crystalline silica from its current NTP classification as "a reasonably anticipated carcinogen" to "a known human carcinogen." Third, the disease silicosis is associated with an increased risk of tuberculosis. Finally, there is evidence of a possible association between crystalline silica exposure or silicosis and other diseases such as immune system disorders, like scleroderma, and end-stage renal disease. U.S. Silica has been named as a defendant in an estimated 70 product liability claims alleging silica exposure filed in the period January 1, 2000 to March 1, 2000. U.S. Silica was named as a defendant in 89 similar claims filed in 1997, 154 filed in 1998 and 497 filed in 1999. U.S. Silica has been named as a defendant in similar suits since 1975; in each of the years 1983, 1987, 1995 and 1996, more than 100 claims were filed against U.S. Silica. The plaintiffs, who allege that they are employees or former employees of our customers, claim that our silica products were defective or 45 that we acted negligently in selling our silica products without a warning, or with an inadequate warning. The plaintiffs further claim that these alleged defects or negligent actions caused them to suffer injuries and sustain damages as a result of exposure to our products. In almost all cases, the injuries alleged by the plaintiffs are silicosis or "mixed dust disease," a claim which allows the plaintiffs to pursue litigation against the sellers of both crystalline silica and other minerals. There are no pending claims of this nature against any of our other subsidiaries. As of March 1, 2000, there were an estimated 984 silica-related products liability claims pending in which U.S. Silica is a defendant. Almost all of the claims pending against U.S. Silica arise out of the alleged use of U.S. Silica products in foundries or as an abrasive blast media and have been filed in the states of Texas and Mississippi. Our financial liability to date for all silica-related claims has not been material. ITT Industries, successor to a former owner of U.S. Silica, has agreed to indemnify U.S. Silica for third party silicosis claims (including litigation expenses) filed against it prior to September 12, 2005 alleging exposure to U.S. Silica products for the period prior to September 12, 1985, to the extent of the alleged exposure prior to that date. This indemnity is subject to an annual deductible of $275,000, which is cumulative and subject to carry-forward adjustments. Pennsylvania Glass Sand Corporation, as a predecessor to U.S. Silica, was a named insured on insurance policies issued to ITT Industries for the period April 1, 1974 to September 12, 1985 and to U.S. Borax (another former owner) for the period September 12, 1985 to December 31, 1985. We have not sought coverage under these policies. Although we cannot provide any assurance, coverage under these policies may be available to us. Ottawa Silica Company (a predecessor that merged into U.S. Silica in 1987) had insurance coverage on an occurrence basis prior to July 1, 1985. Except as set forth above, U.S. Silica currently is not insured or indemnified for product liability claims related to alleged silica exposure, including for any exposure after January 1, 1986. The silica-related litigation brought against us to date has not resulted in any material liability to us. However, it is likely that we will continue to have silica-related product liability claims filed against us, including claims that allege silica exposure for periods after January 1, 1986. We cannot guarantee or assure you that our current indemnity agreement with ITT Industries (which currently expires in 2005 and in any event only covers alleged exposure to U.S. Silica products for the period prior to September 12, 1985), or potential insurance coverage (which, in any event, only covers periods prior to January 1, 1986) will be adequate to cover any amount for which we may be found liable in such suits. Any such claims or inadequacies of the ITT Industries indemnity or insurance coverage could have a material adverse effect on us. Government Regulation Environmental Matters. We are subject to a variety of governmental regulatory requirements relating to the environment, including those relating to our handling of hazardous materials and air and wastewater emissions. Some environmental laws impose substantial penalties for noncompliance, and others, such as the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, impose strict, retroactive and joint and several liability upon persons responsible for releases of hazardous substances. We believe that we have all material environmental permits, that our operations are in substantial compliance with applicable laws and that any noncompliance is not likely to have a material adverse effect on us. Through periodic self-audits, we continually evaluate whether we must take additional steps to ensure compliance with existing environmental laws. However, if we fail to comply with present and future environmental laws and regulations, we could be subject to liabilities or our operations could be interrupted. In addition, future environmental laws and regulations could 46 restrict our ability to expand our facilities or extract our mineral deposits or could require us to acquire costly equipment or to incur other significant expenses in connection with our business. Although we believe we have made sufficient capital expenditures to achieve substantial compliance with existing environmental laws and regulations, future events, including changes in environmental requirements and the costs associated with complying with any such requirements, could have a material adverse effect on us. We have taken a number of steps to minimize potential environmental liabilities and address environmental activities in a pro-active manner, including: . performing regular environmental audits; . performing Phase 1 environmental assessments on all of our properties in 1995, and prior to acquisition on all properties acquired after that time; . removing all known underground storage tanks; . replacing PCB-containing transformers with non-PCB transformers; . entering into a national waste disposal contract that limits our waste disposal liability; and . developing and implementing an "environmental information management system" to allow us to better track permits and compliance matters. Some of our facilities have a long history of industrial operations. As such, we may have liability for cleanup of contamination from historical discharges of hazardous materials. For example, we may be required to remediate groundwater contamination at our Rockwood, Michigan facility. Although the contamination has not moved off of our site and has not affected drinking water supplies, further action may be required by state authorities. Our Ottawa, Illinois facility has trace levels of arsenic contamination in the groundwater beneath the quarries. Studies show that there is no health risk to workers and that the product is not contaminated. We believe that we have claims against responsible third parties or have insurance coverage for these matters. We also believe that, even assuming third-party or insurance recoveries are not successful, all such remediation matters, individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on us. We have identified other areas of historic waste disposal on our properties. Historically, the waste, pallets, bags, scrap metal and other wastes from the plant sites were dumped on certain of our lands. The presence of the disposal areas has not materially impacted, and is not expected to materially impact, our operations or otherwise have a material adverse effect on us. Regulation of Silica. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulates work place exposure to crystalline silica at our customer locations through a "permissible exposure level," commonly referred to as a PEL. OSHA has designated crystalline silica as a priority for rulemaking and announced that it will publish a Notice of Proposed Rule Making, or NPRM, on crystalline silica in 2000. The NPRM is expected to propose a lower PEL for crystalline silica. Although we are uncertain as to what OSHA will ultimately propose, it is probable that a significantly lower PEL will be proposed for quartz, the form of silica mined, processed and sold by us. However, we do not expect any final OSHA rule on crystalline silica to be adopted until several years after the NPRM is published. The Mining Safety and Health Administration regulates occupational health and safety matters for mining. Accordingly, MSHA regulates our quarries, underground mines and industrial mineral processing facilities. The MSHA "threshold limit value," or TLV, for crystalline silica as quartz is the same as the current OSHA PEL. MSHA is expected to follow OSHA's actions regarding the permissible limits of exposure to crystalline silica for mining. The United States Environmental Protection Agency recently announced that it would begin its review of crystalline silica in 1999 under its Integrated Risk Information System ("IRIS") program. 47 Essentially, the EPA will conduct a risk assessment regarding the cancer and non-cancer health effects of crystalline silica and possibly develop reference concentrations for non-cancer health effects and unit risk factors for cancer health effects. These reference concentrations and unit risk factors, if developed, will be entered into the EPA IRIS database. In addition, several states have considered, and a few have promulgated, regulations regarding crystalline silica air emissions. For example, in Oklahoma and Texas, crystalline silica is considered a toxic air contaminant. As such, these states have established maximum allowable ambient concentrations, or MAACs, for crystalline silica (quartz). Generally, these MAACs establish limits for facility crystalline silica emissions, measured at the facility property line. The IRIS initiative and state MAAC standards could result in lower permit limits requiring costly equipment upgrades or operational restrictions. In 1999, Massachusetts proposed that crystalline silica be defined as a toxic for purposes of the state's toxic use reduction act program. The toxic use reduction act program imposes fees on the use of toxic substances and requires certain users of toxic substances to develop plans to reduce the use of the toxic substance. California requires that a warning accompany any chemical that the state has published as being known to cause cancer. "Silica, crystalline (airborne particles of respirable size)" has been included as a carcinogen under these criteria since 1988. These state programs may have the effect of reducing our customers' demand for silica products. We believe that we materially comply with governmental requirements for crystalline silica exposure and emissions and other regulations relating to silica and plan to continue to comply with these regulations. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to comply with any new standards that are adopted or that these new standards will not have a material adverse effect on us by requiring us to modify our operations or equipment or shut down some of our plants. Additionally, we cannot assure you that our customers will be able to comply with any new standards or that any of these new standards will not have a material adverse effect on our customers by requiring them to shut down old plants and to relocate plants to locations with less stringent regulations that are further away from us. Accordingly, we cannot at this time reasonably estimate our costs of compliance or the timing of any costs associated with any new standards, or any material adverse effects that any new standards will have on our customers and, consequently, on us. Mining and Processing of Minerals. In addition to the regulatory matters described above, the industrial minerals and aggregates industries are subject to extensive governmental regulation on matters such as permitting and licensing requirements, plant and wildlife protection, wetlands protection, reclamation and restoration of mining properties after mining is completed, the discharge of materials into the environment, surface subsidence from underground mining and the effects that mining has on groundwater quality and availability. Our future success depends upon the quantity of our industrial minerals and aggregates deposits and our ability to extract these deposits profitably. It is difficult for us to estimate quantities of recoverable deposits, in part due to future permitting and licensing requirements. We believe we have obtained all material permits and licenses required to conduct our present mining operations. However, we will need additional permits and renewals of permits in the future. We may be required to prepare and present to governmental authorities data pertaining to the impact that any proposed exploration or production activities may have upon the environment. New site approval procedures may require the preparation of archaeological surveys, endangered species studies and other studies to assess the environmental impact of new sites. Compliance with these regulatory requirements is expensive, requires an investment of funds well before the potential producer knows if its operation will be economically successful and significantly lengthens the time needed to develop a new site. Furthermore, obtaining or renewing required permits is sometimes delayed or prevented due to community opposition and other factors beyond our control. New legal requirements, including those related to the protection of the environment, could be adopted that could materially adversely affect our mining operations (including the ability to 48 extract mineral deposits), our cost structure or our customers' ability to use our industrial minerals or aggregates products. For most of our operations, state statutes and regulations or local ordinances require that mine property be restored in accordance with specific standards and an approved reclamation plan. We believe that we are making adequate provisions for all expected reclamation and other costs relating to expected mine closures in the reasonably foreseeable future. We believe that future costs associated with reclamation provisions and mine closures will not have a material adverse effect on us. Nevertheless, we could be adversely affected if these provisions were later determined to be insufficient, or if future costs associated with reclamation are significantly greater than our current estimates. 49 MANAGEMENT Directors and Executive Officers The following table identifies members of the Board of Directors and the executive officers of the issuer and USS Holdings, the issuer's indirect parent.
Name Age Title - ---- --- ----- D. George Harris.......... 66 Chairman and Director Anthony J. Petrocelli..... 62 Vice Chairman and Director Richard E. Goodell........ 55 President, Chief Executive Officer and Director Gary E. Bockrath.......... 47 Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Craig S. Cinalli.......... 41 President of Better Materials Corporation Richard J. Donahue........ 56 Vice President, Assistant Treasurer, Assistant Secretary and Director Donald G. Kilpatrick...... 45 Vice President and Secretary Richard J. Nick........... 56 Vice President, Treasurer and Assistant Secretary Richard J. Shearer........ 49 President of U.S. Silica Company John A. Ulizio............ 44 Vice President and General Counsel Arnold Chavkin............ 48 Director Ruth Dreessen............. 44 Director Timothy J. Walsh.......... 36 Director
D. George Harris has been the Chairman and a director since 1996. Mr. Harris has also been Chairman and a director of DGHA since 1989 and has served as an officer or director of various affiliated companies, including Harris Chemical Group, Inc., Harris Specialty Chemicals, Inc. and Penrice Pty Ltd. Mr. Harris also serves as Chairman of the Shareholders Committee of Vestolit GmbH & Co., KG, a German manufacturer of polyvinylchloride and other chemicals. From 1987 through 1988, Mr. Harris was a Senior Advisor in the Investment Banking Department of Robert Fleming & Co., Ltd. where he was involved in global investment banking activities covering Europe, the Far East and the United States. From 1981 through 1986, Mr. Harris was President of SCM Chemicals (1981-1985) and SCM Corporation (1985-1986), a major producer of consumer and industrial products. From 1975 through 1981, Mr. Harris was President of Rhone- Poulenc Inc., Rhone-Poulenc's United States subsidiary. Mr. Harris is also a director of McWhorter Technologies, Inc. Anthony J. Petrocelli has been the Vice Chairman and a director since 1996. Mr. Petrocelli was a co-founder of DGHA and has served as Vice Chairman of DGHA since 1989. Mr. Petrocelli has served as an officer of various affiliated companies, including Harris Chemical Group, Inc., Harris Specialty Chemicals, Inc. and Penrice Pty Ltd. Mr. Petrocelli also serves as Vice Chairman of the Shareholders Committee of Vestolit GmbH & Co., KG, a German manufacturer of polyvinylchloride and other chemicals. From 1984 through 1986, Mr. Petrocelli was the President of Crystal Greeting, Inc., a manufacturer and distributor of greeting cards. Richard E. Goodell has been the President and a director since 1996 and was named Chief Executive Officer in 1999. He was appointed President of Pennsylvania Glass Sand Corporation in 1985 and continued as President when Pennsylvania Glass Sand was re-named U.S. Silica Company in 1986. Before joining Pennsylvania Glass Sand in 1983 as Senior Vice President of Operations, he worked in the mineral division of Pfizer (1971-1983) in various operating and technical management positions and as an engineer at Sikorsky Aircraft (1966-1971). Gary E. Bockrath has been Senior Vice President of Finance of U.S. Silica since 1993 and was named Vice President and Chief Financial Officer in 1999. Previously, Mr. Bockrath was Vice 50 President and Assistant Treasurer from 1996 to 1999. Mr. Bockrath was group controller at Libbey-Owens-Ford Company prior to joining U.S. Silica in 1993. He served in several finance positions at Guardian Industries, Inc. from 1984 to 1990, Peabody International Corporation from 1976 to 1984 and GTE Service Corporation from 1974 to 1976. Craig S. Cinalli has been President and Chief Operating Officer of Better Materials since 1989. Prior to that, Mr. Cinalli held various positions at Better Materials since 1980. Richard J. Donahue has been Vice President, Assistant Treasurer and Assistant Secretary and a director since 1996. Mr. Donahue was a co-founder of DGHA and has served as Managing Director since 1989. Mr. Donahue has also served as an officer of various affiliated companies, including Harris Chemical Group, Inc. and Harris Specialty Chemicals, Inc. Prior to joining DGHA, Mr. Donahue was Vice President in the Corporate Finance Department of Robert Fleming & Co., Ltd. from 1987 through 1988. From 1978 through 1986, he held a series of financial and corporate development positions at SCM Corporation. Donald G. Kilpatrick has been Vice President and Secretary since 1996. Since 1992, Mr. Kilpatrick has also been a Managing Director and General Counsel of DGHA and has served as an officer of various affiliated companies, including Harris Chemical Group, Inc. and Harris Specialty Chemicals, Inc. From 1981 to 1992, Mr. Kilpatrick was an attorney with Winthrop, Stimson, Putnam & Roberts, where he was made a member of the firm in 1990. Mr. Kilpatrick is currently on a leave of absence from Winthrop. Winthrop provides legal services to us on an ongoing basis. Richard J. Nick has been Vice President, Treasurer and Assistant Secretary since 1996. Mr. Nick has also been a Managing Director of DGHA since 1989. From 1989 to 1998 Mr. Nick was an officer of various affiliated companies including Harris Chemical Group, Inc. and Harris Specialty Chemicals, Inc. From 1987 to 1989, Mr. Nick was Vice President--Finance & Administration of Baltimore Spice, Inc., a subsidiary of Hanson, plc. Richard J. Shearer was named President of U.S. Silica in 1999. Previously, Mr. Shearer was Executive Vice President of U.S. Silica from 1997 to 1999. Before joining U.S. Silica in 1997, he held the position of Vice President, General Manager at North American Chemical Company. Mr. Shearer previously held various positions in sales, market management and operations for 16 years at Union Carbide Corporation, rising to the position of Vice President--Unison Division. John A. Ulizio has been Vice President and General Counsel since 1996. Mr. Ulizio joined U.S. Silica in 1991 as Associate General Counsel, was named Secretary in 1994 and assumed the management of environmental, health and safety matters in 1994. Prior to joining U.S. Silica, Mr. Ulizio was in private practice in western Pennsylvania, concentrating in litigation, including the defense of products liability cases asserted against sellers of silica- containing materials. Arnold Chavkin has been a director since 1996. He has been a General Partner of CCP since 1992. Prior to joining CCP in 1992, Mr. Chavkin was a member of Chemical Bank's merchant banking group and a generalist in its corporate finance group specializing in mergers and acquisitions and private placements for the energy industry. Ruth Dreessen has been a director since 1996. She is also a Managing Director of CSI. Ms. Dreessen joined The Chase Manhattan Corporation in 1980 in its international department. Since 1987, Ms. Dreessen has primarily focused on structuring leveraged chemical industry transactions. In 1994, Ms. Dreessen opened the Houston office of Chase's Global Chemicals Group. Timothy J. Walsh has been a director since 1998. He is also a partner with CCP. Prior to joining CCP in 1996, Mr. Walsh worked for The Chase Manhattan Corporation where he held positions in various industry-focused client teams in North America. Mr. Walsh currently also serves on the board of directors of MetoKote Holdings, Inc. 51 Executive and Director Compensation Executive Compensation. The following table sets forth information regarding the annual compensation for services rendered to us during the fiscal years ended December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997 by our (i) chief executive officer and (ii) four other most highly compensated executive officers (collectively, the "Named Executive Officers"). Summary Compensation Table
Long-term Compensation Annual Compensation Awards --------------------------------- ---------------- All Other Other Annual Compensation Name and Principal Compensation Restricted Stock ($) (3) (4) Position Year Salary ($) Bonus ($) ($) Award(s) ($) (2) (5) - ------------------------ ---- ---------- --------- ------------ ---------------- ------------ Richard E. Goodell...... 1999 $238,125 $196,685 -- $61,350 8,569 Chief Executive Officer 1998 215,700 94,512 -- -- 8,929 1997 271,250 149,188 -- -- 8,947 Richard J. Shearer...... 1999 $219,675 $123,018 -- $69,530 $ 19,244(6) President 1998 196,200 78,480 $ 40,825(1) -- 14,479 (U.S. Silica Company) 1997 77,083 38,542 20,000(1) -- -- Craig S. Cinalli........ 1999 $175,000 $138,600 -- $24,540 $ 10,536(7) President 1998 8,000 -- -- -- 165,000(8) (Better Materials Corporation) 1997 -- -- -- -- -- Lewis McM. Pettinos..... 1999 $186,624 $114,960 -- -- $ 720 Vice President 1998 76,958 55,241 -- -- -- (George F. Pettinos, Inc.) 1997 -- -- -- -- -- Brian Hessenthaler...... 1999 $175,000 $123,200 -- $24,540 $ 1,051 Senior Vice President 1998 8,000 -- -- -- 165,000(8) (Better Materials Corporation) 1997 -- -- -- -- --
- -------- (1) Reflects payment by Better Minerals & Aggregates of expenses for relocation. (2) As of December 31, 1999, outstanding shares of restricted stock held by the Named Executive Officers were as follows: Mr. Goodell, 15,000 shares; Mr. Shearer, 17,000 shares; Mr. Cinalli, 6,000 shares; and Mr. Hessenthaler, 6,000 shares. (3) Includes Life Insurance premiums paid by us on behalf of the Named Executive Officers for 1999 as follows: Mr. Goodell, $1,770; Mr. Shearer, $660; Mr. Cinalli, $60; and Mr. Hessenthaler, $57. (4) Includes matching contributions by Better Minerals & Aggregates to the U.S. Silica Company Retirement Savings and Investment Plan for Salaried Employees on behalf of the Named Executive Officers for 1999 as follows: Mr. Goodell, $6,799; and Mr. Shearer, $9,292. (5) Includes imputed income from the personal use of a company-owned vehicle in 1999 for each of the Named Executive Officers as follows: Mr. Cinalli, $876; Mr. Hessenthaler, $994; and Mr. Pettinos, $720. (6) Includes maximum annual contributions by Better Minerals & Aggregates for 1999 in the amount of $6,400 to the U.S. Silica Company Retirement Savings and Investment Plan for Salaried Employees on behalf of Mr. Shearer. In addition, includes a contribution by Better Minerals & Aggregates in the amount of $2,892 under the U.S. Silica Company Deferred Compensation Plan for 1999 (which is designed to make up for benefits not payable under the U.S. Silica Company Retirement Savings and Investment Plan for Salaried Employees due to Internal Revenue Code limitations) on behalf of Mr. Shearer. (7) Includes imputed income from the personal use of a company-owned residence in 1999 by Mr. Cinalli in the amount of $9,600. (8) In December 1998, Mr. Cinalli and Mr. Hessenthaler each entered into an employment agreement with the Company that provided for a one-time signing bonus of $165,000. 52 U.S. Silica Company Retirement Plan for Salaried Employees
Years of Service ------------------------------------------------------------------- Remuneration 15 20 25 30 35 - ------------ ------- -------- -------- -------- -------- $125,000 $29,100 $ 38,800 $ 48,400 $ 58,100 $ 67,800 150,000 35,400 47,200 59,000 70,700 82,500 175,000 41,700 55,600 69,500 83,400 97,200 200,000 48,000 64,000 80,000 96,000 112,000 225,000 54,300 72,400 90,500 108,600 126,700 250,000 60,600 80,800 101,000 121,200 141,400 300,000 73,200 97,600 122,000 146,400 170,800 400,000 98,400 131,300 164,100 196,900 229,700
At December 31, 1999, credited Years of Service under the U.S. Silica Company Retirement Plan for Salaried Employees (the "Retirement Plan") for Mr. Goodell, the only Named Executive Officer who participates, were 18 years. The compensation covered by the Retirement Plan includes the amount listed in the salary column of the Summary Compensation Table only. The estimated annual retirement benefit indicated in the Retirement Plan table includes enhanced pension provisions under the U.S. Silica Company Pension Restoration Plan, which is an unfunded plan providing benefits to participants in the Retirement Plan that are not payable under the Retirement Plan because of the limitations stipulated by the Internal Revenue Code. Estimated benefits set forth in the Retirement Plan table were calculated on the basis of a single life annuity. Annual benefits payable under the Retirement Plan are not offset by any amount. Better Materials Corporation Pension Plan
Years of Service ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Remuneration 15 20 25 30 35 - ------------ ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- $125,000 $18,710 $24,947 $31,183 $37,420 $43,657 150,000 23,142 30,857 38,571 46,285 53,999 175,000 27,120 36,160 45,199 54,239 63,279 200,000 27,749 36,998 46,248 55,497 64,747
At December 31, 1999, credited Years of Service under the Better Materials Corporation Pension Plan ("BMC Plan") for Mr. Cinalli was 19 years and Mr. Hessenthaler was 15 years. The compensation covered under the BMC Plan includes total cash remuneration paid to the Named Executive Officer. Estimated benefits set forth in the BMC Plan table were calculated on the basis of a single life annuity, and are not offset by any amount. Employment Agreements. In December 1998, Better Materials Corporation entered into substantially similar employment agreements with each of Messrs. Cinalli and Hessenthaler. The employment agreements each provide for a two-year term at a base salary of $175,000 per year, plus a performance-based bonus, a signing bonus of $165,000, eligibility for a grant of restricted stock, and the use of a company-owned vehicle. Under his agreement, Mr. Cinalli is also entitled to live in a company-owned residence. These agreements provide for termination of employment upon disability, death or cause, as defined in the agreements. Better Materials Corporation may terminate the executive's employment for any reason other than "cause" with thirty days' prior written notice. If Better Materials Corporation terminates the executive without cause, the executive is entitled to severance in the amount of two years' compensation. The executives are subject to confidentiality and non-compete covenants contained in their agreements. Director Compensation. Members of our Board of Directors are not compensated for their services as directors, but may be reimbursed for actual expenses incurred in attending meetings of the Board of Directors or committees thereof. 53 CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS Loans to Stockholders to Purchase Series B Preferred Stock In 1996, our indirect parent, USS Holdings, made loans to certain of its management stockholders in order to finance their purchase of USS Holdings' Series B preferred stock. The loans are evidenced by promissory notes that accrue interest at 7% per annum payable quarterly, and are collateralized by the stock. Loans outstanding as of December 31, 1999 were approximately $449,000. New Credit Facilities and Old Notes CSI is syndication agent, book manager, lead arranger and documentation agent under the new credit facilities, and The Chase Manhattan Bank, an affiliate of CSI, is a lender under the new credit facilities. CSI was an initial purchaser of the old notes and both CSI and The Chase Manhattan Bank are affiliates of CCP. Certain other affiliates of CCP that own a majority of the outstanding preferred stock of USS Holdings have the right under the stockholders agreement to appoint three directors of USS Holdings. See "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management." Arnold Chavkin, one of our directors, is also a general partner of CCP. Ruth Dreessen, one of our directors, is also a managing director of CSI. Timothy J. Walsh, one of our directors, is also a partner with CCP. Management Services Agreement Pursuant to an agreement among the issuer, USS Holdings, BMAC Holdings and DGHA, DGHA (the principals of which are stockholders of USS Holdings) provides management advisory services to us from time to time. In consideration of these management services, we have agreed to pay an annual management fee to DGHA. The base annual fee is $500,000 but is adjusted based on the amount that our actual EBITDA (as defined in the agreement) for a fiscal year exceeds or falls short of a budgeted EBITDA for that fiscal year. Pursuant to the agreement, the budgeted EBITDA for a fiscal year and the amount of the fee are adjusted for acquisitions approved by the stockholders as provided in the stockholders agreement or any disposition of stock or assets. We estimate that we will pay approximately $955,000 to DGHA as the annual management fee in 2000. The agreement provides that in the event of a business acquisition by us, we will pay DGHA an acquisition fee equal to 1% of the total purchase price of the acquisition, including all third party indebtedness assumed by us in connection with the acquisition. The agreement also provides that, at DGHA's request, U.S. Silica is obligated to provide DGHA with one or more interest-free loans not exceeding an aggregate of $1.0 million in any calendar year. As of the date of this prospectus, a loan of $1.0 million is currently outstanding. This loan is guaranteed by D. George Harris, Anthony J. Petrocelli, Richard J. Donahue, Donald G. Kilpatrick and Richard J. Nick. Finally, pursuant to the agreement, the other companies party to the agreement will reimburse DGHA for all transaction expenses incurred in relation to completed acquisitions; those companies will also reimburse DGHA for other expenses incurred relating to company business up to $100,000 in any calendar year. The agreement initially terminates on December 31, 2000, but shall be automatically extended unless terminated (i) by USS Holdings or DGHA upon nine months' prior written notice, (ii) upon certain events of sale, merger, change of stock ownership or appointment of additional directors or (iii) at the option of USS Holdings if neither Messrs. Harris or Petrocelli is actively involved in the management of DGHA. We paid approximately $877,000 in management fees and $672,000 in acquisition fees for the year ended December 31, 1999 under this agreement. Additionally, $1,040,000 in accrued acquisition fees relating to Commercial Stone were unpaid as of December 31, 1999. 54 Tax Sharing Agreement Pursuant to a tax sharing agreement, USS Holdings has agreed to file consolidated federal income tax returns (and in certain circumstances, state and local income tax returns) with the issuer and its domestic subsidiaries. Under this agreement, the issuer has agreed to pay USS Holdings amounts designed to approximate the amount of income tax that the issuer and its domestic subsidiaries would have paid had the issuer filed consolidated federal income tax returns (and, if applicable, state and local income tax returns) separate from USS Holdings. 55 SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT Security Ownership All of our outstanding capital stock is owned by BMAC Holdings, which in turn is wholly owned by USS Holdings. On the closing date, in connection with the initial portion of the cash equity contribution, USS Holdings issued 15,000 shares of Series D preferred stock, 135,350 shares of Class A common stock, 365,903 shares of Class B common stock, warrants to purchase 97,480 shares of Class B common stock and warrants to purchase 14,298 shares of Class C common stock, for an aggregate purchase price of $35.0 million principally to certain existing stockholders consisting of an affiliate of CCP, affiliates of Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company and certain principals of DGHA. In connection with the initial portion of the cash equity contribution, the right of first refusal set forth in the stockholders agreement was waived by the necessary holders of USS Holdings' capital stock under the stockholders agreement. However, USS Holdings offered to those stockholders who were not offered the opportunity to purchase additional equity on the closing date the right to purchase, pro rata based on each such stockholder's equity ownership immediately prior to the closing date, up to an aggregate of 89,737 shares of Class A common stock, 2,685 shares of Series D preferred stock, warrants to purchase up to 17,452 shares of Class B common stock and warrants to purchase up to 2,551 shares of Class C common stock after the closing date. Depending on the results of the additional offering, stockholders who purchased Series D preferred stock on the closing date will receive on a pro rata basis additional warrants to purchase Class B common stock. Any shares not purchased in the additional offering will not be issued or reoffered. All purchasers of common and preferred stock and warrants to purchase common stock pursuant to the cash equity contribution are subject to the terms of the stockholders agreement. The following table sets forth, to the best of our knowledge, certain information regarding the ownership of the capital stock of USS Holdings as of March 31, 2000 with respect to the following: (i) each person known by us to own beneficially more than 5% of the outstanding shares of any class of capital stock of USS Holdings; (ii) each of our directors; (iii) each of the named executive officers set forth in the table under "Management--Executive and Director Compensation--Executive Compensation"; and (iv) all of our directors and executive officers as a group. 56 Except as otherwise indicated, each person listed in the following table has sole voting and investment power with respect to the shares listed opposite that person's name.
Percentage of Beneficial Owners(1) Shares of Common Stock Common Stock(2)* -------------------- -------------------------------- ----------------------- Class A(3) Class B(4) Class C(5) Class A Class B Class C ---------- ---------- ---------- ------- ------- ------- Chase Manhattan Capital, L.P.(9)(10)............ 0 340,069 8,800 ** 79.8% 2.3% Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company(11)............ 0 104,211 2,697 ** 27.1% ** D. George Harris(12).... 124,653 8,186 42,291 24.9% 2.2% 11.1% Anthony J. Petrocelli(13)(15)..... 73,222 5,184 41,850 14.6% 1.4% 11.0% Richard E. Goodell...... 6,640 0 15,000 1.3% ** 3.9% Richard J. Donahue...... 65,972 1,950 41,376 13.7% ** 10.8% Richard J. Shearer...... 1,059 0 17,000 ** ** 4.5% Craig S. Cinalli........ 2,000 0 6,000 0.4% ** 1.6% Brian Hessenthaler...... 2,000 0 6,000 0.4% ** 1.6% Lewis McM. Pettinos..... 0 0 0 ** ** ** Richard J. Nick(15)..... 34,161 1,744 41,346 6.8% ** 10.8% Donald G. Kilpatrick(13)......... 50,962 0 41,090 10.2% ** 10.8% Arnold Chavkin(10)(14).. 0 0 0 ** ** ** Ruth Dreessen........... 0 0 0 ** ** ** Timothy J. Walsh(10)(14).......... 0 0 0 ** ** ** All directors and officers as a group (13 persons) (10)(12)(14).. 386,317 17,064 269,748 77.2% 4.5% 70.3%
Percentage of Beneficial Owners(1) Shares of Preferred Stock Preferred Stock(2)* -------------------- ----------------------------------- -------------------------- Series A(6) Series B(7) Series D(8) Series A Series B Series D ----------- ----------- ----------- -------- -------- -------- Chase Manhattan Capital, L.P.(9)(10)............ 678,035 1,356,070 9,232 74.2% 66.9% 61.5% Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company(11)............ 207,778 415,556 2,829 22.4% 20.2% 18.9% D. George Harris(12).... 15,268 57,495 1,260 1.7% 2.9% 8.4% Anthony J. Petrocelli(13)......... 9,035 27,070 780 1.0% 1.4% 5.2% Richard E. Goodell...... 0 20,000 0 ** 1.0% ** Richard J. Donahue...... 1,104 16,291 300 ** ** 2.0% Richard J. Shearer...... 596 1,775 0 ** ** ** Craig S. Cinalli........ 0 0 0 ** ** ** Brian Hessenthaler...... 0 0 0 ** ** ** Lewis McM. Pettinos..... 0 0 0 ** ** ** Richard J. Nick......... 3,312 16,874 268 ** ** 1.8% Donald G. Kilpatrick(13)......... 1,534 9,422 0 ** ** ** Arnold Chavkin(10)(14).. 0 0 0 ** ** ** Ruth Dreessen........... 0 0 0 ** ** ** Timothy J. Walsh(10)(14).......... 0 0 0 ** ** ** All directors and officers as a group (13 persons) (10)(12)(14)........... 30,849 168,927 2,608 3.4% 8.4% 17.4%
- -------- * All share percentages assume that each respective beneficial owner, and only that owner, has exercised its warrants to purchase shares of preferred stock or common stock, as the case may be, of USS Holdings, if any. The preferred stock warrants were issued in connection with the issuance of subordinated debt in February 1996. The common stock warrants were issued in connection with the cash equity contribution in October 1999. ** Less than 1%. (1) The address of Chase Manhattan Capital, L.P. and its affiliates referred to in note (9) below is c/o Chase Capital Partners, 380 Madison Avenue, 12th Floor, New York, New York 10017. The address of Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company and its affiliates is 1295 State Street, Springfield, Massachusetts 01111. The address of each other person is c/o D. George Harris & Associates, Inc., 399 Park Avenue, 32nd Floor, New York, New York 10022. (2) Notwithstanding the enumerated percentage shares of beneficial ownership of common and preferred stock, a stockholders agreement dated as of February 9, 1996, as amended (the "stockholders agreement"), among all of the stockholders of USS Holdings (the "Stockholders") governs the Stockholders' exercise of their voting rights with respect to election of directors and certain other material events. The parties to the stockholders agreement have agreed to vote their shares of USS Holdings to elect the Board of Directors as set forth therein. See "--The Stockholders Agreement." 57 (3) Holders of Class A common stock are entitled to one vote with respect to all matters to be voted on by USS Holdings' Stockholders for each share of Class A common stock held, subject to the stockholders agreement. (4) Holders of Class B common stock, except as otherwise required by law, have no voting rights. The Class B common stock will automatically be converted into shares of Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis at the time of a trigger event or an event of conversion. A "trigger event" is defined in the stockholders agreement as (i) a default under certain debt documents or a failure to achieve a designated level of EBITDA (as defined in the stockholders agreement), (ii) after February 9, 2000, the passage of 180 days after CMCLP (as defined in note (9)) has exercised its right to demand a sale of USS Holdings and the failure of the principals of DGHA to sell USS Holdings or purchase the shares of the Institutional Stockholders (as defined below) or (iii) both D. George Harris and Anthony J. Petrocelli no longer serving on the USS Holdings' Board of Directors due to death, disability or resignation. An "event of conversion" is defined in the stockholders agreement as (i) the consummation of an initial public offering resulting in net proceeds to USS Holdings and/or any selling stockholders of not less than $30 million or (ii) the conversion of more than 50% of the Series B preferred stock originally issued. CB Capital (as defined in note 9) and certain DGHA principals, so long as they hold at least 50% of the then outstanding shares of the Class B common stock and Class C common stock issued or issuable upon exercise of the Class B and Class C common stock purchase warrants and Mass Mutual, so long as it holds at least 50% of the then outstanding Class B common stock and Class C common stock issued or issuable upon exercise of the Class B and Class C common stock purchase warrants held by Mass Mutual, have the right to require USS Holdings to purchase all (but not less than all) of the Class B and Class C common stock purchase warrants and shares issued upon exercise of such warrants held by such holder or holders at any time after October 1, 2004 and prior to a sale, public offering of common stock or liquidation of USS Holdings. Upon the exercise of those put rights, if USS Holdings cannot obtain the consents from third parties necessary to purchase those shares after using reasonable efforts, USS Holdings will be released from its obligation to purchase the warrants. At any time after October 1, 2005, USS Holdings has the right to purchase all (but not less than all) of the warrants to purchase shares of Class B common stock held by CB Capital, Mass Mutual and certain DGHA principals. (5) Holders of Class C common stock are entitled to one vote with respect to all matters to be voted on by USS Holdings' stockholders for each share of Class C common stock held, subject to the stockholders agreement. Those shares are subject to repurchase by USS Holdings in certain circumstances upon the occurrence of certain liquidity events, including the sale of all or substantially all of the assets of USS Holdings and its subsidiaries, a merger of USS Holdings or any subsidiary and a sale of USS Holdings and upon the occurrence of certain termination events, including death, disability, retirement or termination of employment. The total number of shares of Class C common stock issuable under the warrants will be reduced by the number of shares of Class C common stock which did not vest and/or which are repurchased in accordance with the terms of the restricted stock purchase agreements pursuant to which the shares of Class C common stock are issued. CB Capital (as defined in note 9) and certain DGHA principals, so long as they hold at least 50% of the then outstanding shares of the Class B common stock and Class C common stock issued or issuable upon exercise of the Class B and Class C common stock purchase warrants and Mass Mutual, so long as it holds at least 50% of the then outstanding Class B common stock and Class C common stock issued or issuable upon exercise of the Class B and Class C common stock purchase warrants held by Mass Mutual, have the right to require USS Holdings to purchase all (but not less than all) of the Class B and Class C common stock purchase warrants and shares issued upon exercise of such warrants held by such holder or holders at any time after October 1, 2004 and prior to a sale, public offering of common stock or liquidation of USS Holdings. Upon the exercise of those put rights, if USS Holdings cannot obtain the consents from third parties necessary to purchase those shares after using reasonable efforts, USS Holdings will be released from its obligation to purchase the warrants. At any time after October 1, 2005, USS Holdings has the right to purchase all (but not less than all) of the warrants to purchase shares of Class C common stock held by CB Capital, Mass Mutual and certain DGHA principals. (6) Holders of Series A preferred stock, except as otherwise required by law, have no voting rights, except in the event that there is a proposal to amend the terms of the Series A preferred stock so as to affect it adversely or a proposal to authorize or issue (i) any equity or convertible debt securities or (ii) certain rights to purchase equity or convertible debt securities, in either case ranking equal or superior to the Series A preferred stock (with certain exceptions), which shall then require the consent of the holders of two-thirds of the outstanding shares of Series A preferred stock. Holders of more than 50% of the Series B preferred stock originally issued have the right to require USS Holdings to purchase all (but not less than all) of the shares of Series A preferred stock and warrants to purchase Series A preferred stock held by CVCA (as defined in note (9)) and Mass Mutual (as defined in note (11)) at any time after October 1, 2004 and prior to a sale, public offering of common stock or liquidation of USS Holdings. Upon the exercise of those put rights, if USS Holdings cannot obtain the consents from third parties necessary to purchase those shares and warrants after using reasonable efforts, USS Holdings will be released from its obligation to purchase the shares and warrants. At any time after October 1, 2005, USS Holdings has the right to purchase all (but not less than all) of the Series A preferred stock held by CVCA and Mass Mutual. (7) Holders of Series B preferred stock shall not, prior to the occurrence of a "trigger event" (as defined in note (4) above), have any voting rights, except as otherwise required by law and except in the event of a proposal to authorize or issue additional shares of Series B preferred stock or change the preferences, rights or powers of the Series B preferred stock so as to affect it adversely, which shall then require the consent of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Series B preferred stock. After a trigger event, the holders of Series B preferred stock shall vote, together with the 58 holders of Class A common stock, as one class, with each share of Series B preferred stock entitling its holder to that number of votes equal to the number of shares of common stock issuable upon conversion thereof (currently one share of Class B common stock for each share of Series B preferred stock (subject to adjustment)) on the date of any such vote, subject to the Stockholders Agreement. Holders of more than 50% of the Series B preferred stock originally issued have the right to require USS Holdings to purchase all (but not less than all) of the shares of Series B preferred stock and warrants to purchase Series B preferred stock held by CVCA (as defined in note (9)) and Mass Mutual (as defined in note (11)) at any time after October 1, 2004 and prior to a sale, public offering of common stock or liquidation of USS Holdings. Upon the exercise of those put rights, if USS Holdings cannot obtain the consents from third parties necessary to purchase those shares and warrants after using reasonable efforts, USS Holdings will be released from its obligation to purchase the shares and warrants. At any time after October 1, 2005, USS Holdings has the right to purchase all (but not less than all) of the Series B preferred stock held by CVCA and Mass Mutual. The Series B preferred stock will automatically be converted into an equal number of shares of Class B common stock (before a trigger event) or Class A common stock (after a trigger event) upon an event of conversion (as defined in note (4) above). Moreover, any holder of the Series B preferred stock can at any time and from time to time convert all or a portion of his Series B preferred stock into an equal number of shares of Class B common stock (before a trigger event) or Class A common stock (after a trigger event). (8) Holders of Series D preferred stock, except as otherwise required by law, have no voting rights, except in the event there is a proposal to amend the terms of the Series D preferred stock so as to affect it adversely or a proposal to authorize or issue (i) any equity or convertible debt securities or (ii) certain rights to purchase equity or convertible debt securities, in either case ranking equal or superior to the Series D preferred stock, which shall then require the consent of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Series D preferred stock. (9) Includes (i) 664,146 shares of Series A preferred stock and 1,328,292 shares of Series B preferred stock owned by Chase Manhattan Capital, L.P. ("CMCLP"), a Delaware limited partnership, the general partner of which is Chase Manhattan Capital Corporation ("CMCC"), (ii) 13,889 shares of Series A preferred stock and 27,778 shares of Series B preferred stock issuable upon exercise of preferred stock warrants owned by Chase Venture Capital Associates, L.P. ("CVCA"), a California limited partnership, the general partner of which is CCP and (iii) 9,232 shares of Series D preferred stock, 280,076 shares of Class B common stock and 59,993 shares of Class B common stock issuable upon the exercise of common stock warrants and 8,800 shares of Class C Common Stock issuable upon exercise of common stock purchase warrants owned by CB Capital Investors, L.P. ("CB Capital"), an affiliate of CMCLP and CVCA. Each of CMCLP, CMCC, CVCA, CB Capital and CCP may be deemed the beneficial owner of the foregoing shares. CMCLP, CVCA and CB Capital are licensed small business investment companies (an "SBIC") and as such are subject to certain restrictions imposed upon SBICs by the regulations established and enforced by the United States Small Business Administration. Among these restrictions are certain limitations on the extent to which an SBIC may exercise control over companies in which it invests. (10) Messrs. Chavkin and Walsh may be deemed the beneficial owners of the shares of common stock and preferred stock and warrants to purchase preferred and common stock referred to in note (9) above given their positions as a general partner and partner, respectively, of CCP. (11) Includes (i) 180,000 shares of Series A preferred stock and warrants to purchase 27,778 shares of Series A preferred stock, (ii) 360,000 shares of Series B preferred stock and warrants to purchase 55,556 shares of Series B preferred stock (iii) 2,829 shares of Series D preferred stock, (iv) 85,827 shares of Class B common stock, (v) warrants to purchase 18,384 shares of Class B common stock issuable upon exercise of common stock purchase warrants and (vi) 2,697 shares of Class C common stock issuable upon exercise of common stock purchase warrants owned by Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company, MassMutual Participation Investors, MassMutual Corporate Investors and Gerlach & Co (collectively, "Mass Mutual"). (12) Does not include 18,092 shares of Class A common stock, 938 shares of Series A preferred stock, 20,647 shares of Series B preferred stock, 219 shares of Series D preferred stock, 1,421 shares of Class B common stock issuable upon exercise of common stock purchase warrants and 208 shares of Class C common stock issuable upon exercise of common stock purchase warrants held in two trusts over which Mr. Harris, as co-trustee, shares voting control and investment control. (13) Does not include 22,025 shares of Class A common stock, 13,500 shares of Series B preferred stock, 95 shares of Series D preferred stock, 619 shares of Class B common stock issuable upon exercise of common stock purchase warrants and 91 shares of Class C common stock issuable upon exercise of common stock purchase warrants held in fourteen trusts over which Messrs. Petrocelli and Kilpatrick, as co-trustees, share voting control and investment control. (14) Does not include the shares of common stock and preferred stock and warrants to purchase preferred and common stock referred to in note (9) above. (15) Does not include 750 shares of Class A Common held in two trusts over which Messrs. Nick and Petrocelli as co-trustees share voting control and investment control. 59 The Stockholders Agreement The stockholders agreement governs the holders' exercise of their voting rights with respect to election of directors and certain other material events. The parties to the agreement have agreed to vote their shares of USS Holdings to elect (i) for as long as Mr. Harris owns 50% or more of the securities of USS Holdings (subject to certain exceptions set forth in the agreement) held by him on February 9, 1996 (the date of the U.S. Silica acquisition), two directors designated by Mr. Harris, including himself; (ii) for as long as Mr. Petrocelli owns 50% or more of the securities of USS Holdings (subject to certain exceptions set forth in the agreement) held by him on February 9, 1996, one director designated by Mr. Petrocelli, and (iii) three directors designated by a majority of the institutional stockholders party to the stockholders agreement (the "Institutional Stockholders"). CMCLP currently owns 76.5% of the stock owned by the Institutional Stockholders. For so long as each shall be a director, Mr. Harris will always be elected as Chairman of the board, and Mr. Petrocelli will always be elected as the Vice Chairman of the board. The President of USS Holdings is also a director. Upon a trigger event, a majority of the Institutional Stockholders have the right to designate two additional directors, thus enabling them to choose the majority of directors serving on the board. The provisions of the stockholders agreement also govern: . restrictions on certain actions by USS Holdings and its subsidiaries without the consent of (i) prior to the occurrence of a trigger event, a majority of the Institutional Stockholders and the DGHA Stockholders (as defined in the stockholders agreement), and (ii) after the occurrence of a trigger event, a majority of the Institutional Stockholders only, including, among other things: the consummation of a public offering; the issuance of certain equity securities; the merger or consolidation with or into another entity; the acquisition of another entity; certain sales of assets; the liquidation or reorganization of USS Holdings; and the incurrence of certain debt; . stockholder rights of first refusal to purchase certain capital stock or equity securities to be issued by USS Holdings; . USS Holdings' and stockholder rights of first offer to purchase certain shares of USS Holdings to be sold by stockholders; . USS Holdings' and stockholder rights to purchase, and stockholder rights to sell, certain shares of USS Holdings held by stockholders in certain instances (including a person's termination of employment); . rights of certain stockholders to cause all of the other stockholders to sell stock in connection with the sale of USS Holdings; and . rights of certain stockholders to participate in certain sales of the shares of USS Holdings by other stockholders. 60 DESCRIPTION OF THE NEW CREDIT FACILITIES The following summary of the new credit facilities is qualified in its entirety by reference to the complete text of the facilities themselves and all ancillary documents, copies of which will be available upon request. General On the closing date we entered into the new credit facilities, consisting of the $45.0 million tranche A term loan facility, the $95.0 million tranche B term loan facility, the $50.0 million revolving credit facility and the $40.0 million acquisition term loan facility. CSI, one of the initial purchasers of the old notes, is syndication agent, book manager, lead arranger and documentation agent. Banque Nationale de Paris, an affiliate of the other initial purchaser of the old notes, is administrative agent, collateral agent and a lender. The Chase Manhattan Bank, an affiliate of CSI, is also a lender. On the closing date, we borrowed the full amount of the term loans (including a portion of the tranche A term loan facility denominated in Canadian dollars in an amount equal to $2.0 million borrowed by George F. Pettinos (Canada) Limited). Our borrowings under the new credit facilities were used, together with the proceeds of the offering of the old notes and the cash equity contribution, to (i) finance the Commercial Stone acquisition, (ii) repay certain debt and (iii) pay related fees and expenses. The Canadian tranche of the tranche A term loan facility was repaid in connection with our sale of George F. Pettinos (Canada) Limited on February 29, 2000. Availability under the new credit facilities is subject to various conditions precedent typical of bank loans, and the commitment of the lenders to provide financing under the new credit facilities is also subject to, among other things, the absence of any event, condition or circumstance that has had or is reasonably expected to have a material adverse effect on our business operations, properties, assets or financial condition, taken as a whole. Term Loans Excluding the Canadian tranche, which was retired on February 29, 2000, the tranche A term loan facility will mature six years after the closing date and amortize as follows: $1.20 million per quarter for the first two quarters commencing with the quarter ending June 30, 2000, $1.55 million per quarter for the following four quarters and $2.15 million per quarter for the last sixteen quarters. The tranche B term loan facility will mature eight years after the closing date and amortize as follows: $0.25 million per quarter for the first four quarters commencing with the quarter ending December 31, 1999, $0.5 million per quarter for the following twenty quarters, $9.0 million per quarter for the following four quarters and $12.0 million per quarter for the last four quarters. Amounts repaid or prepaid under the term loans will not be permitted to be reborrowed. Revolving Credit Facility The revolving credit facility will mature six years after the closing date and include sublimits of $12.0 million and $3.0 million, respectively, for letters of credit and swingline loans. Amounts repaid under the revolving credit facility may be reborrowed. We are using the proceeds of the revolving credit facility for general corporate purposes, including working capital and capital expenditures, but excluding acquisitions. Acquisition Term Loan Facility The acquisition term loan facility will mature six years after the closing date and amortize in quarterly installments after the third anniversary of the closing date. 61 The acquisition term loan facility is available for three years after the closing date, during which we may make no more than three borrowings. Each borrowing is conditioned on, among other things, our leverage ratio (after giving effect to that borrowing and the relevant acquisition) not exceeding 5.00 to 1.00. Amounts repaid under the acquisition term loan facility will not be permitted to be reborrowed. Guarantees and Security Our obligations under the new credit facilities are unconditionally and irrevocably guaranteed, jointly and severally, by BMAC Holdings and each of the issuer's existing and subsequently acquired or organized domestic subsidiaries. The new credit facilities are secured by liens on substantially all the assets of BMAC Holdings, the issuer and each of the issuer's existing and subsequently acquired or organized domestic subsidiaries, including but not limited to, and subject to customary exceptions, the following: . a first priority pledge of all the capital stock of the issuer; . a first priority pledge of all the capital stock held by BMAC Holdings, the issuer and each existing or subsequently acquired or organized domestic subsidiary of the issuer in each existing or subsequently acquired or organized domestic subsidiary of the issuer and 65% of the capital stock held by those entities in that existing or subsequently acquired or organized foreign subsidiary of the issuer; and . perfected first-priority security interests in substantially all of the tangible and intangible assets (including, but not limited to, accounts receivable, inventory, trademarks, other intellectual property, licensing agreements, real property, leasehold mortgages, cash and proceeds of the foregoing) held by BMAC Holdings, the issuer and each of the issuer's existing or subsequently acquired or organized domestic subsidiaries. Interest Rates Indebtedness under the tranche A term loan facility, the acquisition term loan facility and the revolving credit facility bears interest at an adjusted London inter-bank offered rate ("LIBOR") plus 3.00% or the higher of Banque Nationale de Paris' prime rate and the Federal Funds effective rate plus 0.50% ("ABR") plus 2.00%, to be selected at our option and subject to increase or reduction based on our leverage ratio. Indebtedness under the tranche B term loan facility bears interest at LIBOR plus 3.50% or ABR plus 2.50%, to be selected at our option. Amounts outstanding under the new credit facilities not paid when due bear interest at a default rate equal to 2.00% above the rates otherwise applicable to the loans under the new credit facilities. Fees We have paid or are currently paying (i) commitment fees of 0.75% and 0.50% per annum on the undrawn portion of the commitments in respect of the acquisition term loan facility and the revolving credit facility, respectively, subject to reduction based on our leverage ratio; (ii) letter of credit fees on the aggregate face amount of outstanding letters of credit equal to the then applicable borrowing margin for LIBOR loans under the revolving credit facility and a 0.25% per annum issuing bank fee for the issuing bank; (iii) annual administration fees; and (iv) agent, arrangement and other similar fees. 62 Optional and Mandatory Prepayment We have the right to prepay borrowings under the new credit facilities, subject to paying certain costs and expenses in certain circumstances. In addition, the term loans are subject to mandatory prepayments in an amount equal to (i) 100% of the net cash proceeds of certain equity issuances by BMAC Holdings or any of its subsidiaries, (ii) 100% of the net cash proceeds of certain debt issuances by BMAC Holdings or any of its subsidiaries, (iii) 75% of the excess cash flow of the issuer and its subsidiaries (subject to decrease to 50% upon satisfaction of certain financial criteria) and (iv) 100% of the net cash proceeds of certain asset sales or other dispositions of property by BMAC Holdings or any of its subsidiaries, in each case subject to certain exceptions. Certain Covenants The new credit facilities contain customary covenants, including: . restrictions on our ability to pay dividends or other distributions; . redeem or repurchase capital stock; . dispose of assets; . prepay other debt or amend other debt instruments (including the indenture); . create liens on assets; . make investments, loans or advances; . change the business conducted by us; . make capital expenditures; . engage in certain transactions with affiliates; . incur lease obligations; . incur other debt and enter into other credit facilities; and . merge with and acquire other entities. The new credit facilities also require us to comply with certain maintenance covenants, including a maximum leverage ratio and a minimum interest coverage ratio. Events of Default The new credit facilities contain customary events of default, including, but not limited to: . nonpayment of principal, interest or fees; . violation of covenants; . incorrectness of representations or warranties in any material respect; . cross-default to other debt; . ERISA events; . material judgments and liabilities; . invalidity of security interests; . bankruptcy; and . change in control. 63 DESCRIPTION OF THE NEW NOTES Definitions of certain terms used in this description of the new notes may be found under the heading "--Certain Definitions." For purposes of this section, the term (i) "Company" refers only to Better Minerals & Aggregates Company and not any of its subsidiaries, (ii) "Parent" refers only to BMAC Holdings, Inc. and not any of its subsidiaries and (iii) "Holdings" refers only to USS Holdings, Inc. and not any of its subsidiaries, in each case until a successor replaces it, and thereafter, means the successor. All of the Company's Domestic Subsidiaries guarantee the notes and therefore are subject to many of the provisions contained in this description of the new notes. Each company which guarantees the notes is referred to in this section as a "Note Guarantor." Each such guarantee is termed a "Note Guarantee." The Company issued the old notes and will issue the new notes under the indenture, dated as of October 1, 1999, among the Company, the Note Guarantors and The Bank of New York, as trustee (the "Trustee"), a copy of which has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. The indenture contains provisions which define your rights under the notes. In addition, the indenture governs the obligations of the Company and of each Note Guarantor under the notes. The terms of the notes include those stated in the indenture and those made part of the indenture by reference to the TIA. On October 1, 1999, the Company issued $150.0 million aggregate principal amount of old notes under the indenture. The terms of the new notes are identical in all material respects to the old notes, except the new notes will not contain transfer restrictions and holders of new notes will no longer have any registration rights or be entitled to any liquidated damages. The Trustee will authenticate and deliver new notes for original issue only in exchange for a like principal amount of old notes. Any old notes that remain outstanding after the consummation of the exchange offer, together with the new notes, will be treated as a single class of securities under the indenture. Accordingly, all references in this section to specified percentages in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding notes shall be deemed to mean, at any time after the exchange offer is consummated, such percentage in aggregate principal amount of the old notes and the new notes then outstanding. The following description is meant to be only a summary of certain provisions of the indenture. It does not restate the terms of the indenture in their entirety. We urge that you carefully read the indenture as it, and not this description, governs your rights as Holders. Overview of the New Notes and the Note Guarantees The New Notes The new notes: . are general unsecured obligations of the Company; . rank equally in right of payment with all existing and future Senior Subordinated Indebtedness of the Company; . are subordinated in right of payment to all existing and future Senior Indebtedness of the Company; . are senior in right of payment to all existing and future Subordinated Obligations of the Company; . are effectively subordinated to any Secured Indebtedness of the Company and its Subsidiaries to the extent of the value of the assets securing such Indebtedness; and 64 . are effectively subordinated to all liabilities (including Trade Payables) and Preferred Stock of each Subsidiary of the Company that is not a Note Guarantor. The Note Guarantees The old notes are, and the new notes will be, initially guaranteed by each of the Company's Domestic Subsidiaries existing on the Closing Date. The Note Guarantee of each Note Guarantor, and all Note Guarantees, if any, made by future subsidiaries of the Company: . is a general unsecured obligation of such Note Guarantor; . ranks equally in right of payment with all existing and future Senior Subordinated Indebtedness of such Note Guarantor; . is subordinated in right of payment to all existing and future Senior Indebtedness of such Note Guarantor; . is senior in right of payment to all existing and future Subordinated Obligations of such Note Guarantor; and . is effectively subordinated to any Secured Indebtedness of that Note Guarantor and its Subsidiaries to the extent of the value of the assets securing that Indebtedness. The notes will not be guaranteed by the Company's Canadian Subsidiary unless such Subsidiary Guarantees any Indebtedness (other than Indebtedness of a Restricted Subsidiary that is not a Note Guarantor). This Canadian Subsidiary is an inactive company that has an immaterial amount of assets and liabilities. Principal, Maturity and Interest We issued the old notes in an aggregate principal amount of $150.0 million. The notes are limited to $150,000,000 in aggregate principal amount and will mature on September 15, 2009. The old notes are, and the new notes will be, in fully registered form, without coupons, in denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple of $1,000. Each note bears interest at a rate of 13% per annum from the Closing Date, or from the most recent date to which interest has been paid or provided for. We will pay interest semiannually on March 15 and September 15 of each year, to Holders of record at the close of business on the March 1 or September 1 immediately preceding the interest payment date. We will pay interest on overdue principal and, to the extent lawful, overdue installments of interest at the rate borne by the notes. Holders of old notes whose old notes are accepted for exchange in the exchange offer will be deemed to have waived the right to receive any payment in respect of interest on the old notes accrued from March 15, 2000 (the first interest payment date of the old notes) to the date of issuance of the new notes. Consequently, Holders who exchange their old notes for new notes will receive the same interest payment on September 15, 2000 (the next interest payment date with respect to the old notes and the new notes following consummation of the exchange offer) that they would have received had they not accepted the exchange offer. Paying Agent and Registrar We will pay the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the notes at any office of ours or any agency designated by us which is located in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York. We have initially designated the corporate trust office of the Trustee to act as the agent of the Company in such matters. The location of the corporate trust office is 101 Barclay Street, Floor 21 65 West, New York, New York 10286. We, however, reserve the right to pay interest to Holders by check mailed directly to Holders at their registered addresses. Holders may exchange or transfer their notes at the same location given in the preceding paragraph. No service charge will be made for any registration of transfer or exchange of notes. We, however, may require Holders to pay any transfer tax or other similar governmental charge payable in connection with any such transfer or exchange. Optional Redemption Except as set forth in the following paragraph, we may not redeem the notes prior to September 15, 2004. After this date, we may redeem the notes, in whole or in part, on not less than 30 nor more than 60 days' prior notice, at the following redemption prices (expressed as percentages of principal amount), plus accrued and unpaid interest and liquidated damages thereon, if any, to the redemption date (subject to the right of Holders of record on the relevant record date to receive interest due on the relevant interest payment date), if redeemed during the 12-month period commencing on September 15 of the years set forth below:
Year Redemption Price ---- ---------------- 2004.................................. 106.500% 2005.................................. 104.333% 2006.................................. 102.167% 2007 and thereafter................... 100.000%
Prior to September 15, 2002, we may, on one or more occasions, also redeem up to a maximum of 35% of the original aggregate principal amount of the notes with the Net Cash Proceeds of one or more Public Equity Offerings (1) by the Company or (2) by Parent or Holdings to the extent the Net Cash Proceeds thereof are contributed to the Company or used to purchase Capital Stock (other than Disqualified Stock) of the Company from the Company following which there is a Public Market, at a redemption price equal to 113% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest and liquidated damages thereon, if any, to the redemption date (subject to the right of Holders of record on the relevant record date to receive interest due on the relevant interest payment date); provided, however, that after giving effect to any such redemption: (1) at least 65% of the original aggregate principal amount of the notes remains outstanding; and (2) any such redemption by the Company must be made within 90 days of such Public Equity Offering and must be made in accordance with certain procedures set forth in the indenture. Selection If we partially redeem notes, the Trustee will select the notes to be redeemed on a pro rata basis, by lot or by such other method as the Trustee shall deem to be fair and appropriate, although no note of $1,000 in original principal amount or less will be redeemed in part. If we redeem any note in part only, the notice of redemption relating to such note shall state the portion of the principal amount thereof to be redeemed. A new note in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion thereof will be issued in the name of the Holder thereof upon cancellation of the original note. On and after the redemption date, interest will cease to accrue on notes or portions thereof called for redemption so long as we have deposited with the Paying Agent funds sufficient to pay the principal of, plus accrued and unpaid interest and liquidated damages, if any, on the notes to be redeemed. 66 Ranking The notes are unsecured Senior Subordinated Indebtedness of the Company, are subordinated in right of payment to all existing and future Senior Indebtedness of the Company, rank equally in right of payment with all existing and future Senior Subordinated Indebtedness of the Company and are senior in right of payment to all existing and future Subordinated Obligations of the Company. The notes also are effectively subordinated to any Secured Indebtedness of the Company and its Subsidiaries to the extent of the value of the assets securing such Indebtedness. However, payment from the money or the proceeds of U.S. Government Obligations held in any defeasance trust described below under the caption "--Defeasance" will not be subordinated to any Senior Indebtedness or subject to the restrictions described herein. The Note Guarantees are unsecured Senior Subordinated Indebtedness of the applicable Note Guarantor, are subordinated in right of payment to all existing and future Senior Indebtedness of such Note Guarantor, rank equally in right of payment with all existing and future Senior Subordinated Indebtedness of such Note Guarantor and are senior in right of payment to all existing and future Subordinated Obligations of such Note Guarantor. The Note Guarantees also are effectively subordinated to any Secured Indebtedness of the applicable Note Guarantor and its Subsidiaries to the extent of the value of the assets securing such Secured Indebtedness. As of December 31, 1999, our subsidiaries had total liabilities, including trade payables, of approximately $487.3 million. The Company currently conducts all of its operations through its Subsidiaries. To the extent such Subsidiaries are not Guarantors, creditors of such Subsidiaries, including trade creditors, and preferred stockholders, if any, of such Subsidiaries generally will have priority with respect to the assets and earnings of such Subsidiaries over the claims of creditors of the Company, including Holders. The notes, therefore, are effectively subordinated to the claims of creditors, including trade creditors, and preferred stockholders, if any, of Subsidiaries of the Company that are not Note Guarantors. The Company's Canadian subsidiary, an inactive company that has an immaterial amount of assets and liabilities, will not guarantee the notes. As of December 31, 1999, there was outstanding: (1) $135.9 million of Senior Indebtedness of the Company (exclusive of unused commitments under the Credit Agreement), all of which was Secured Indebtedness; (2) no Senior Subordinated Indebtedness of the Company (other than the notes) and no indebtedness of the Company that is subordinate in right of repayment to the notes; (3) $1.6 million of Senior Indebtedness of the Note Guarantors (exclusive of guarantees of Indebtedness under the Credit Agreement); and (4) no Senior Subordinated Indebtedness of the Note Guarantors (other than the Note Guarantees) and no Indebtedness of the Note Guarantors that is subordinate or junior in right of payment to the Note Guarantees. Although the indenture limits the Incurrence of Indebtedness by the Company and the Restricted Subsidiaries and the issuance of Preferred Stock by the Restricted Subsidiaries, such limitation is subject to a number of significant qualifications. The Company and its Subsidiaries may be able to Incur substantial amounts of Indebtedness in certain circumstances. Such Indebtedness may be Senior Indebtedness. "Senior Indebtedness" of the Company or any Note Guarantor means the principal of, premium (if any) and accrued and unpaid interest on (including interest accruing on or after the filing of any petition in bankruptcy or for reorganization of the Company or any Note Guarantor, regardless of whether or not a claim for post-filing interest is allowed in such proceedings), and fees and other amounts owing in respect of, Bank Indebtedness and all other Indebtedness of the Company or any 67 Note Guarantor, as applicable, whether outstanding on the Closing Date or thereafter Incurred, unless in the instrument creating or evidencing the same or pursuant to which the same is outstanding it is provided that such obligations are not superior in right of payment to the notes or such Note Guarantor's Note Guarantee, as applicable; provided, however, that Senior Indebtedness of the Company or any Note Guarantor shall not include: (1) any obligation of the Company to Parent, Holdings or any Subsidiary of the Company or of such Note Guarantor to Parent, Holdings, the Company or any other Subsidiary of the Company; (2) any liability for federal, state, local or other taxes owed or owing by the Company or such Note Guarantor, as applicable; (3) any accounts payable or other liability to trade creditors arising in the ordinary course of business (including Guarantees thereof or instruments evidencing such liabilities but excluding liabilities of the Company or a Note Guarantor, as applicable, with respect to performance or surety bonds or similar obligations, in each case entered into in the ordinary course of business); (4) any Indebtedness or obligation of the Company or such Note Guarantor, as applicable (and any accrued and unpaid interest in respect thereof) that by its terms is subordinate or junior in right of payment to any other Indebtedness or obligation of the Company or such Note Guarantor, as applicable, including any Senior Subordinated Indebtedness and any Subordinated Obligations of the Company or such Note Guarantor, as applicable; (5) any obligations with respect to any Capital Stock; or (6) any Indebtedness Incurred in violation of the indenture. Only Indebtedness of the Company that is Senior Indebtedness will rank senior to the notes. The notes will rank equally in right of payment with all other Senior Subordinated Indebtedness of the Company. The Company will not Incur, directly or indirectly, any Indebtedness which is subordinate or junior in ranking in any respect to Senior Indebtedness unless such Indebtedness is Senior Subordinated Indebtedness or is expressly subordinated in right of payment to Senior Subordinated Indebtedness. Unsecured Indebtedness is not deemed to be subordinate or junior to Secured Indebtedness merely because it is unsecured. The Company may not pay principal of, premium (if any) or interest on the notes, or make any deposit pursuant to the provisions described under "Defeasance" below, and may not otherwise repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire or retire for value any notes (collectively, "pay the notes") if: (1) any Designated Senior Indebtedness of the Company is not paid when due, or (2) any other default on any Designated Senior Indebtedness of the Company occurs and the maturity of such Designated Senior Indebtedness is accelerated in accordance with its terms unless, in either case, (x) the default has been cured or waived and any such acceleration has been rescinded, or (y) such Designated Senior Indebtedness has been paid in full; provided, however, that the Company may pay the notes without regard to the foregoing if the Company and the Trustee receive written notice approving such payment from the Representative of the Designated Senior Indebtedness with respect to which either of the events set forth in clause (1) or (2) above has occurred and is continuing. 68 During the continuance of any default (other than a default described in clause (1) or (2) of the immediately preceding paragraph) with respect to any Designated Senior Indebtedness of the Company pursuant to which the maturity thereof may be accelerated immediately without further notice (except such notice as may be required to effect such acceleration) or the expiration of any applicable grace periods, we may not pay the notes for a period (a "Payment Blockage Period") commencing upon the receipt by a Responsible Officer of the Trustee (with a copy to us) of written notice (a "Blockage Notice") of such default from the Representative of such Designated Senior Indebtedness specifying an election to effect a Payment Blockage Period and ending 179 days thereafter (or earlier if such Payment Blockage Period is terminated: (1) by written notice to the Trustee and the Company from the person or persons who gave such Blockage Notice, (2) by repayment in full of such Designated Senior Indebtedness, or (3) because the default giving rise to such Blockage Notice is no longer continuing). Notwithstanding the provisions described in the immediately preceding paragraph (but subject to the provisions contained in the second preceding and in the immediately succeeding paragraph), unless the holders of such Designated Senior Indebtedness or the Representative of such holders have accelerated the maturity of such Designated Senior Indebtedness, the Company may resume payments on the notes after the end of such Payment Blockage Period, including any missed payments. Not more than one Blockage Notice may be given in any consecutive 360-day period, irrespective of the number of defaults with respect to Designated Senior Indebtedness during such period. However, if any Blockage Notice within such 360-day period is given by or on behalf of any holders of Designated Senior Indebtedness other than the Bank Indebtedness, the Representative of the Bank Indebtedness may give another Blockage Notice within such period. In no event, however, may the total number of days during which any Payment Blockage Period or Periods is in effect exceed 179 days in the aggregate during any 360 consecutive day period. For purposes of this paragraph, no default or event of default that existed or was continuing on the date of the commencement of any Payment Blockage Period with respect to the Designated Senior Indebtedness initiating such Payment Blockage Period shall be, or be made, the basis of the commencement of a subsequent Payment Blockage Period by the Representative of such Designated Senior Indebtedness, whether or not within a period of 360 consecutive days, unless such default or event of default shall have been cured or waived for a period of not less than 90 consecutive days. Upon any payment or distribution of the assets of the Company to creditors upon a liquidation or a dissolution of the Company or in a bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency, receivership or similar proceeding relating to the Company or its property: (1) the holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company will be entitled to receive payment in full of such Senior Indebtedness before the Holders are entitled to receive any payment of principal of or interest on the notes; and (2) until such Senior Indebtedness is paid in full any payment or distribution to which Holders would be entitled but for the subordination provisions of the indenture will be made to holders of such Senior Indebtedness as their interests may appear, except that Holders may receive: (x) shares of stock; and (y) any debt securities that are subordinated to such Senior Indebtedness to at least the same extent as the notes. 69 If a payment or distribution is made to Holders that due to the note subordination provisions of the indenture should not have been made to them, such Holders will be required to hold it in trust for the holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company and pay it over to them as their interests may appear. If payment of the notes is accelerated because of an Event of Default, the Company or the Trustee (provided that the Trustee shall have received written notice from the Company, on which notice the Trustee shall be entitled to conclusively rely) shall promptly notify the holders of the Designated Senior Indebtedness of the Company (or their Representative) of the acceleration. If any Designated Senior Indebtedness of the Company is outstanding, the Company may not pay the notes until five Business Days after such holders or the Representative of such Designated Senior Indebtedness receive notice of such acceleration and, thereafter, may pay the notes only if the note subordination provisions of the indenture otherwise permit payment at that time. By reason of the subordination provisions of the indenture, in the event of insolvency, creditors of the Company who are holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company may recover more, ratably, than the Holders, and creditors of the Company who are not holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company or of Senior Subordinated Indebtedness of the Company (including the notes) may recover less, ratably, than holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company and may recover more, ratably, than the holders of Senior Subordinated Indebtedness of the Company. The indenture contains substantially identical subordination provisions relating to each Guarantor's obligations under its Note Guarantee. Note Guarantees The Note Guarantors, and certain future subsidiaries of the Company (as described below), as primary obligors and not merely as sureties, jointly and severally irrevocably and unconditionally Guarantee on an unsecured senior subordinated basis the performance and full and punctual payment when due, whether at Stated Maturity, by acceleration or otherwise, of all obligations of the Company under the indenture (including obligations to the Trustee) and the notes, whether for payment of principal of or interest on or liquidated damages in respect of the old notes, expenses, indemnification or otherwise (all such obligations guaranteed by such Note Guarantors being herein called the "Guaranteed Obligations"). Such Note Guarantors agree or will agree to pay, in addition to the amount stated above, any and all costs and expenses (including reasonable counsel fees and expenses) incurred by the Trustee or the Holders in enforcing any rights under the Note Guarantees. Each Note Guarantee is or will be limited in amount to an amount not to exceed the maximum amount that can be Guaranteed by the applicable Note Guarantor without rendering the Note Guarantee, as it relates to such Note Guarantor, voidable under applicable law relating to fraudulent conveyance or fraudulent transfer or similar laws affecting the rights of creditors generally. The Company has agreed to cause (a) each newly formed or acquired Domestic Subsidiary and (b) each existing, newly formed or acquired Foreign Subsidiary that Guarantees any Indebtedness (other than Indebtedness of a Restricted Subsidiary that is not a Note Guarantor), to execute and deliver to the Trustee a supplemental indenture pursuant to which such Subsidiary will Guarantee payment of the notes. See "Certain Covenants--Future Note Guarantors" below. The obligations of a Note Guarantor under its Note Guarantee are senior subordinated obligations. As such, the rights of Holders to receive payment by a Note Guarantor pursuant to its Note Guarantee will be subordinated in right of payment to the rights of holders of Senior Indebtedness of such Note Guarantor. The terms of the subordination provisions described above with respect to the Company's obligations under the notes apply equally to a Note Guarantor and the obligations of such Note Guarantor under its Note Guarantee. 70 Each Note Guarantee is a continuing guarantee and shall . remain in full force and effect until payment in full of all the Guaranteed Obligations, . be binding upon each Note Guarantor and its successors and . inure to the benefit of, and be enforceable by, the Trustee, the Holders and their successors, transferees and assigns. Any Guarantee by a Subsidiary of the Company will be automatically released upon the sale or other disposition (including through merger or consolidation) of the Capital Stock, or all or substantially all the assets, of the applicable Subsidiary if such sale or other disposition is made in compliance with the covenant described under the caption "Certain Covenants--Limitation on Sales of Assets and Subsidiary Stock". Change of Control Upon the occurrence of any of the following events (each a "Change of Control"), each Holder will have the right to require the Company to repurchase all or any part of such Holder's notes at a purchase price in cash equal to 101% of the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest (and, in the case of the old notes, liquidated damages, if any), to the date of repurchase (subject to the right of Holders of record on the relevant record date to receive interest due on the relevant interest payment date); provided, however, that notwithstanding the occurrence of a Change of Control, the Company shall not be obligated to repurchase notes pursuant to this section in the event that it has exercised its right to redeem all the notes under the terms of the section titled "Optional Redemption": (1) prior to the earliest to occur of (A) the first public offering of common stock of Parent, (B) the first public offering of common stock of Holdings or (C) the first public offering of common stock of the Company (each, a "Public Market Offering"), the Permitted Holders cease to be the "beneficial owner" (as defined in Rules 13d-3 and 13d-5 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of a majority in the aggregate of the total voting power of the Voting Stock of Parent, Holdings or the Company, whether as a result of issuance of securities of Parent, Holdings or the Company, any merger, consolidation, liquidation or dissolution of Parent, Holdings or the Company, any direct or indirect transfer of securities by any Permitted Holder or otherwise (for purposes of this clause (1) and clause (2) below, the Permitted Holders shall be deemed to beneficially own any Voting Stock of an entity (the "specified entity") held by any other entity (the "parent entity") so long as the Permitted Holders beneficially own (as so defined), directly or indirectly, in the aggregate a majority of the voting power of the Voting Stock of the parent entity); (2) after a Public Market Offering has occurred, (A) any "person" (as such term is used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act), other than one or more Permitted Holders, is or becomes the beneficial owner (as defined in clause (1) above), whether by merger, consolidation, other business combination or otherwise, directly or indirectly, of more than 35% of the total voting power of the Voting Stock of the Company, Holdings or Parent and (B) the Permitted Holders "beneficially own" (as defined in clause (1) above), directly or indirectly, in the aggregate a lesser percentage of the total voting power of the Voting Stock of the Company, Holdings or Parent than such other person and do not have the right or ability by voting power, contract or otherwise to elect or designate for election a majority of the board of directors of the Company, Holdings or Parent, as the case may be (for the 71 purposes of this clause (2), such other person shall be deemed to beneficially own any Voting Stock of a specified entity held by a parent entity, if such other person is the beneficial owner (as defined in clause (1) above), directly or indirectly, of more than 35% of the voting power of the Voting Stock of such parent entity and the Permitted Holders "beneficially own" (as defined in clause (1) above), directly or indirectly, in the aggregate a lesser percentage of the voting power of the Voting Stock of such parent entity and do not have the right or ability by voting power, contract or otherwise to elect or designate for election a majority of the board of directors of such parent entity); or (3) during any period of two consecutive years, individuals who at the beginning of that period constituted the board of directors of the Company, Holdings or Parent, as the case may be (together with any new directors whose election by such board of directors of the Company, Holdings or Parent, as the case may be, or whose nomination for election by the shareholders of the Company, Holdings or Parent, as the case may be, was approved by a vote of 66 2/3% of the directors of the Company, Holdings or Parent, as the case may be, then still in office who were either directors at the beginning of such period or whose election or nomination for election was previously so approved) cease for any reason to constitute a majority of the board of directors of the Company, Holdings or Parent, as the case may be, then in office; or (4) the adoption of a plan relating to the liquidation or dissolution of the Company, Holdings or Parent. In the event that at the time of such Change of Control the terms of the Bank Indebtedness restrict or prohibit the repurchase of notes pursuant to this covenant, then prior to the mailing of the notice to Holders provided for in the immediately following paragraph but in any event within 45 days following any Change of Control, the Company shall: (1) repay in full all Bank Indebtedness or, if doing so will allow the purchase of notes, offer to repay in full all Bank Indebtedness and repay the Bank Indebtedness of each lender who has accepted such offer, or (2) obtain the requisite consent under the agreements governing the Bank Indebtedness to permit the repurchase of the notes as provided for in the immediately following paragraph. Within 45 days following any Change of Control, the Company shall mail a notice to each Holder with a copy to the Trustee (the "Change of Control Offer") stating: (1) that a Change of Control has occurred and that such Holder has the right to require the Company to purchase all or a portion of such Holder's notes at a purchase price in cash equal to 101% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest and liquidated damages, if any, to the date of purchase (subject to the right of Holders of record on the relevant record date to receive interest on the relevant interest payment date); (2) the circumstances and relevant facts and financial information regarding such Change of Control; (3) the purchase date (which shall be no earlier than 30 days nor later than 60 days from the date such notice is mailed); and (4) the instructions determined by the Company, consistent with this covenant, that a Holder must follow in order to have its notes purchased. The Company will not be required to make a Change of Control Offer upon a Change of Control if a third party makes the Change of Control Offer in the manner, at the times and otherwise in compliance with the requirements set forth in the indenture applicable to a Change of Control Offer made by the Company and purchases all notes validly tendered and not withdrawn under such Change of Control Offer. 72 The Company will comply, to the extent applicable, with the requirements of Section 14(e) of the Exchange Act and any other securities laws or regulations in connection with the purchase of notes pursuant to this covenant. To the extent that the provisions of any securities laws or regulations conflict with provisions of this covenant, the Company will comply with the applicable securities laws and regulations and will not be deemed to have breached its obligations under this covenant by virtue thereof. The Change of Control purchase feature is a result of negotiations between the Company and the initial purchasers of the old notes in the private offering. Management has no present intention to engage in a transaction involving a Change of Control, although it is possible that the Company would decide to do so in the future. Subject to the limitations discussed below, the Company could, in the future, enter into certain transactions, including acquisitions, refinancings or recapitalizations, that would not constitute a Change of Control under the indenture, but that could increase the amount of indebtedness outstanding at such time or otherwise affect the Company's capital structure or credit ratings. Restrictions on the ability of the Company to Incur additional Indebtedness are contained in the covenants described under "Certain Covenants--Limitation on Indebtedness." Such restrictions can only be waived with the consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the notes then outstanding. Except for the limitations contained in such covenants, however, the indenture will not contain any covenants or provisions that may afford Holders protection in the event of a highly leveraged transaction. The occurrence of certain of the events which would constitute a Change of Control would constitute a default under the Credit Agreement. Future Senior Indebtedness of the Company may contain prohibitions of certain events which would constitute a Change of Control or require such Senior Indebtedness to be repurchased or repaid upon a Change of Control. Moreover, the exercise by the Holders of their right to require the Company to purchase the notes could cause a default under such Senior Indebtedness, even if the Change of Control itself does not, due to the financial effect of such repurchase on the Company. Finally, the Company's ability to pay cash to the Holders upon a purchase may be limited by the Company's then existing financial resources. There can be no assurance that sufficient funds will be available when necessary to make any required purchases. The provisions under the indenture relative to the Company's obligation to make an offer to purchase the notes as a result of a Change of Control may be waived or modified with the written consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the notes. Certain Covenants The indenture contains covenants including, among others, the following: Limitation on Indebtedness. (a) The Company will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, Incur, directly or indirectly, any Indebtedness; provided, however, that the Company and the Note Guarantors may Incur Indebtedness if on the date of such Incurrence and after giving effect thereto the Consolidated Coverage Ratio would be greater than 2.00:1 if such Indebtedness is Incurred on or prior to December 31, 2001 and 2.25:1 if such Indebtedness is Incurred thereafter. (b) Notwithstanding the foregoing paragraph (a), the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries may Incur the following Indebtedness: (1) (A) Bank Indebtedness in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $190.0 million less the aggregate amount of all prepayments of principal applied to permanently reduce any such Indebtedness pursuant to the covenant described under "--Limitation on Sales of Assets and Subsidiary Stock" and (B) (i) Indebtedness under the acquisition term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $40.0 million less the aggregate amount of all prepayments applied to 73 permanently reduce any principal of such Indebtedness pursuant to the covenant described under "--Limitation on Sales of Assets and Subsidiary Stock"; provided, however, that at the time the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary Incurs any Indebtedness under this clause (b)(1)(B), the Company has a Consolidated Leverage Ratio of 5.00:1 or less; and (ii) any Refinancing Indebtedness in respect thereof; (2) Indebtedness of the Company owed to and held by any Wholly Owned Subsidiary or Indebtedness of a Restricted Subsidiary owed to and held by the Company or any Wholly Owned Subsidiary; provided, however, that (A) any subsequent issuance or transfer of any Capital Stock or any other event that results in any such Wholly Owned Subsidiary ceasing to be a Wholly Owned Subsidiary or any subsequent transfer of any such Indebtedness (except to the Company or a Wholly Owned Subsidiary) shall be deemed, in each case, to constitute the Incurrence of such Indebtedness by the issuer thereof, (B) if the Company is the obligor on such Indebtedness, such Indebtedness is made subordinate and junior in right of payment to the notes and (C) if a Restricted Subsidiary that is a Note Guarantor is the obligor on such Indebtedness and such Indebtedness is owed to and held by a Wholly Owned Subsidiary that is not a Note Guarantor, such Indebtedness is expressly subordinated to the prior payment in full in cash of all obligations of such Restricted Subsidiary with respect to its Note Guarantee; (3) Indebtedness (A) represented by the notes and the Note Guarantees, (B) outstanding on the Closing Date (other than the Indebtedness described in clauses (1) and (2) above), (C) consisting of Refinancing Indebtedness Incurred in respect of any Indebtedness described in this clause (3) (including Indebtedness that is Refinancing Indebtedness) or the foregoing paragraph (a), (D) consisting of Guarantees of any Indebtedness permitted under clauses (1) and (2) of this paragraph (b) and (E) consisting of (i) Guarantees by the Company of Indebtedness or other obligations of any of its Restricted Subsidiaries or (ii) Guarantees by any Note Guarantor of Indebtedness of the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary, in each case so long as the Incurrence of the Indebtedness being Guaranteed is permitted under the terms of the indenture; provided that if such Guaranteed Indebtedness is by its express terms subordinated in right of payment to the notes or the Note Guarantee of such Restricted Subsidiary, as applicable, any such Guarantee of the Company or such Note Guarantor with respect to such Indebtedness shall be subordinated in right of payment to the notes or such Note Guarantor's Note Guarantee with respect to the notes substantially to the same extent as such Indebtedness is subordinated to the notes or the Note Guarantee of such Restricted Subsidiary, as applicable; (4) (A) Indebtedness of a Restricted Subsidiary Incurred and outstanding on or prior to the date on which such Restricted Subsidiary was acquired (including by way of merger) by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary (other than Indebtedness Incurred as consideration in, or to provide all or any portion of the funds or credit support utilized to consummate, the transaction or series of related transactions pursuant to which such Restricted Subsidiary became a Subsidiary of or was otherwise acquired by the Company); provided, however, that on the date 74 that such Restricted Subsidiary is acquired, the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary would have been able to Incur such Indebtedness under this covenant and (B) Refinancing Indebtedness Incurred by a Restricted Subsidiary in respect of Indebtedness Incurred by such Restricted Subsidiary pursuant to this clause (4); (5) Indebtedness (A) in respect of performance bonds, bankers' acceptances, letters of credit and surety or appeal bonds provided by the Company or the Restricted Subsidiaries in the ordinary course of their business, and (B) under Currency Agreements, Interest Rate Agreements and Commodity Agreements entered into for bona fide hedging purposes of the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary in the ordinary course of business; provided, however, that such agreements do not increase the Indebtedness of the Company or the Restricted Subsidiaries outstanding at any time other than as a result of fluctuations in interest rates, currency exchange rates or commodity prices or by reason of fees, indemnities and compensation payable thereunder; (6) Indebtedness (including Capitalized Lease Obligations and Attributable Debt) incurred by the Company or any of the Restricted Subsidiaries to finance the purchase, lease or improvements of property (real or personal) or equipment (whether through the direct purchase of assets or the Capital Stock of any Person owning such assets) in an aggregate principal amount which, when aggregated with the principal amount of all other Indebtedness then outstanding and incurred pursuant to this clause (6) and all Refinancing Indebtedness incurred to refund, refinance or replace any Indebtedness incurred pursuant to this clause (6), does not exceed the greater of $25.0 million or 5.0% of Total Assets; (7) Indebtedness of Foreign Subsidiaries in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $15.0 million outstanding at any one time; or (8) Indebtedness (other than Indebtedness permitted to be Incurred pursuant to the foregoing paragraph (a) or any other clause of this paragraph (b)) in an aggregate principal amount on the date of Incurrence that, when added to all other Indebtedness Incurred pursuant to this clause (8) and then outstanding, shall not exceed $30.0 million. (c) Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company may not Incur any Indebtedness pursuant to paragraph (b) above if the proceeds thereof are used, directly or indirectly, to repay, prepay, redeem, defease, retire, refund or refinance any Subordinated Obligations unless such Indebtedness will be subordinated to the notes to at least the same extent as such Subordinated Obligations. The Company may not Incur any Indebtedness if such Indebtedness is subordinate or junior in ranking in any respect to any Senior Indebtedness unless such Indebtedness is Senior Subordinated Indebtedness or is expressly subordinated in right of payment to Senior Subordinated Indebtedness. In addition, the Company may not Incur any Secured Indebtedness which is not Senior Indebtedness unless contemporaneously therewith effective provision is made to secure the notes equally and ratably with (or on a senior basis to, in the case of Indebtedness subordinated in right of payment to the notes) such Secured Indebtedness for so long as such Secured Indebtedness is secured by a Lien. A Note Guarantor may not Incur any Indebtedness if such Indebtedness is by its terms expressly subordinate or junior in ranking in any respect to any Senior Indebtedness of such Note Guarantor unless such Indebtedness is Senior Subordinated Indebtedness of such Note Guarantor or is expressly subordinated in right of payment to Senior Subordinated Indebtedness of such Note Guarantor. In addition, a Note Guarantor shall not Incur any Secured Indebtedness that is not Senior Indebtedness of such Note Guarantor unless contemporaneously therewith effective provision is made to secure the Note Guarantee of such Note Guarantor equally and ratably with (or on a senior basis to, in the case of Indebtedness subordinated in right of payment to such Note Guarantee) such Secured Indebtedness for as long as such Secured Indebtedness is secured by a Lien. 75 (d) Notwithstanding any other provision of this covenant, the maximum amount of Indebtedness that the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary may Incur pursuant to this covenant shall not be deemed to be exceeded solely as a result of fluctuations in the exchange rates of currencies. For purposes of determining the outstanding principal amount of any particular Indebtedness Incurred pursuant to this covenant: (1) Indebtedness Incurred pursuant to the Credit Agreement prior to or on the Closing Date shall be treated as Incurred pursuant to clause (1) of paragraph (b) above, (2) Indebtedness permitted by this covenant need not be permitted solely by reference to one provision permitting such Indebtedness but may be permitted in part by one such provision and in part by one or more other provisions of this covenant permitting such Indebtedness, and (3) in the event that Indebtedness meets the criteria of more than one of the types of Indebtedness described in this covenant, the Company, in its sole discretion, shall classify such Indebtedness and only be required to include the amount of such Indebtedness in one of such clauses, and may from time to time reclassify Indebtedness permitted under paragraph (b) of this covenant among the different clauses thereof. Limitation on Restricted Payments. (a) The Company will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary, directly or indirectly, to: (1) declare or pay any dividend, make any distribution on or in respect of its Capital Stock or make any similar payment (including any payment in connection with any merger or consolidation involving the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company) to the direct or indirect holders of its Capital Stock, except (x) dividends or distributions payable solely in its Capital Stock (other than Disqualified Stock) and (y) dividends or distributions payable to the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary (and, if such Restricted Subsidiary has shareholders other than the Company or other Restricted Subsidiaries, to its other shareholders on a pro rata basis), (2) purchase, repurchase, redeem, retire or otherwise acquire for value any Capital Stock of (i) Parent, Holdings or the Company held by Persons other than the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary or (ii) any Restricted Subsidiary (other than Preferred Stock that is not Voting Stock) held by any Affiliate of the Company (other than a Restricted Subsidiary), (3) purchase, repurchase, redeem, retire, defease or otherwise acquire for value, prior to scheduled maturity, scheduled repayment or scheduled sinking fund payment any Subordinated Obligations of the Company or any Note Guarantor (other than the purchase, repurchase redemption, retirement, defeasance or other acquisition for value of Subordinated Obligations acquired in anticipation of satisfying a sinking fund obligation, principal installment or final maturity, in each case due within one year of the date of acquisition), or (4) make any Investment (other than a Permitted Investment) in any Person (any such dividend, distribution, payment, purchase, redemption, repurchase, defeasance, retirement, or other acquisition or Investment being herein referred to as a "Restricted Payment") if at the time the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary makes such Restricted Payment: (A) a Default will have occurred and be continuing (or would result therefrom); (B) the Company could not Incur at least $1.00 of additional Indebtedness under paragraph (a) of the covenant described under "-- Limitation on Indebtedness"; or (C) the aggregate amount of such Restricted Payment and all other Restricted Payments (the amount so expended, if other than in cash, to be determined in good faith by the Board of Directors, whose determination will be conclusive and evidenced by a 76 resolution of the Board of Directors) declared or made subsequent to the Closing Date would exceed the sum, without duplication, of: (i) 50% of the Consolidated Net Income accrued during the period (treated as one accounting period) from the beginning of the fiscal quarter immediately following the fiscal quarter during which the Closing Date occurs to the end of the most recent fiscal quarter ending at least 45 days prior to the date of such Restricted Payment (or, in case such Consolidated Net Income will be a deficit, minus 100% of such deficit); (ii) the aggregate Net Cash Proceeds received by the Company from the issue or sale of its Capital Stock (other than Disqualified Stock) subsequent to the Closing Date (other than an issuance or sale to (x) a Subsidiary of the Company or (y) an employee stock ownership plan or other trust established by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries); (iii) the amount by which Indebtedness of the Company or its Restricted Subsidiaries is reduced on the Company's balance sheet upon the conversion or exchange (other than by or with a Subsidiary of the Company) subsequent to the Closing Date of any Indebtedness of the Company or its Restricted Subsidiaries issued after the Closing Date which is convertible or exchangeable for Capital Stock (other than Disqualified Stock) of the Company or a Note Guarantor (less the amount of any cash or the Fair Market Value of other property distributed by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary upon such conversion or exchange); (iv) the amount equal to the net reduction in Investments in Unrestricted Subsidiaries resulting from (x) payments of dividends, repayments of the principal of loans or advances or other transfers of assets to the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary from Unrestricted Subsidiaries or (y) the redesignation of Unrestricted Subsidiaries as Restricted Subsidiaries (valued in each case as provided in the definition of "Investment") not to exceed, in the case of any Unrestricted Subsidiary, the amount of Investments previously made by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary in such Unrestricted Subsidiary; and (v) $5.0 million. (b) The provisions of the foregoing paragraph (a) will not prohibit: (1) any purchase, repurchase, redemption, retirement or other acquisition for value of Capital Stock of the Company or Subordinated Obligations of the Company or any Note Guarantor made by exchange for, or out of the proceeds of the substantially concurrent sale of, Capital Stock of the Company (other than Disqualified Stock and other than Capital Stock issued or sold to a Subsidiary of the Company or an employee stock ownership plan or other trust established by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries); provided, however, that: (A) such purchase, repurchase, redemption, retirement or other acquisition for value will be excluded in the calculation of the amount of Restricted Payments, and (B) the Net Cash Proceeds from such sale applied in the manner set forth in this clause (1) will be excluded from the calculation of amounts under clause (4)(C)(ii) of paragraph (a) above; 77 (2) any prepayment, repayment, retirement, purchase, repurchase, redemption, retirement, defeasance or other acquisition for value of Subordinated Obligations of the Company or a Note Guarantor made by exchange for, or out of the proceeds of the substantially concurrent sale of, Indebtedness of the Company or a Note Guarantor that is permitted to be Incurred pursuant to the covenant described under "--Limitation on Indebtedness"; provided, however, that such prepayment, repayment, purchase, repurchase, redemption, retirement, defeasance or other acquisition for value will be excluded in the calculation of the amount of Restricted Payments; (3) any prepayment, repayment, purchase, repurchase, redemption, retirement, defeasance or other acquisition for value of Subordinated Obligations from Net Available Cash to the extent permitted by the covenant described under "--Limitation on Sales of Assets and Subsidiary Stock"; provided, however, that such prepayment, repayment, purchase, repurchase, redemption, retirement, defeasance or other acquisition for value will be excluded in the calculation of the amount of Restricted Payments; (4) dividends paid within 60 days after the date of declaration thereof if at such date of declaration such dividends would have complied with this covenant; provided, however, that such dividends will be included in the calculation of the amount of Restricted Payments; (5) any purchase, repurchase, redemption, retirement or other acquisition for value of shares of, or options to purchase shares of, Capital Stock (other than Disqualified Stock) of Holdings, Parent, the Company or any of its Subsidiaries from employees, former employees, officers, former officers, directors or former directors of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (or permitted transferees of such employees, former employees, officers, former officers, directors or former directors), pursuant to the terms of agreements (including employment agreements) or plans (or amendments thereto) approved by the board of directors of the Company, Parent or Holdings under which such individuals purchase or sell or are granted the option to purchase or sell, shares of such Capital Stock; provided, however, that the aggregate amount of such purchases, repurchases, redemptions, retirements and other acquisitions for value, together with the aggregate amount of payments made under clause (6)(C) of this paragraph (b), shall not exceed in any calendar year the sum of (x) $2.0 million and (y) the cash proceeds received in such calendar year by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary from the sale of Capital Stock (other than Disqualified Stock) of Holdings, Parent or the Company to employees, officers or directors of the Company, provided that such cash proceeds will not increase the amounts available for Restricted Payments under clause (4)(C)(ii) of paragraph (a) above; provided further, however, that such purchases, repurchases, redemptions, retirements and other acquisitions for value shall be excluded in the calculation of the amount of Restricted Payments; or (6) any payment of dividends, other distributions or other amounts (including in the form of loans or advances) by the Company for the purposes set forth in clauses (A) through (C) below; provided, however, that such dividends, distributions or other amounts set forth in clauses (A) through (C) shall be excluded in the calculation of the amount of Restricted Payments for the purposes of paragraph (a) above: (A) to Parent or Holdings in amounts equal to the amounts required for Parent or Holdings to pay franchise taxes and other fees required to maintain its corporate existence and provide for other operating costs in an aggregate amount of up to $350,000 per fiscal year; (B) to Parent or Holdings in amounts equal to amounts required for Parent or Holdings to pay federal, state and local income taxes to the extent such income taxes are attributable to the income of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries (and, to the extent of amounts actually received from its Unrestricted Subsidiaries, in amounts required to pay such taxes to the extent attributable to the income of such Unrestricted Subsidiaries); and 78 (C) to Parent or Holdings in amounts equal to amounts expended by Parent or Holdings for any purchase, repurchase, redemption, retirement or other acquisition for value of shares of, or options to purchase shares of, Capital Stock (other than Disqualified Stock) of Parent or Holdings from employees, former employees, officers, former officers, directors or former directors of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (or permitted transferees of such employees, former employees, officers, former officers, directors or former directors), pursuant to the terms of agreements (including employment agreements) or plans (or amendments thereto) approved by the board of directors of Parent or Holdings under which such individuals purchase or sell or are granted the option to purchase or sell, shares of such Capital Stock; provided, however, that the aggregate amount of such purchases, repurchases, redemptions, retirements and other acquisitions for value, together with the aggregate amount of payments made under clause (5) of this paragraph (b), shall not exceed in any calendar year the sum of (x) $2.0 million and (y) the cash proceeds received in such calendar year by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary from the sale of Capital Stock (other than Disqualified Stock) of Holdings, Parent or the Company to employees, officers or directors of the Company (provided that such cash proceeds will not increase the amounts available for Restricted Payments under clause (4)(C)(ii) of paragraph (a) above). Limitation on Restrictions on Distributions from Restricted Subsidiaries. The Company will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, create or otherwise cause or permit to exist or become effective any consensual encumbrance or restriction on the ability of any Restricted Subsidiary to: (1) pay dividends or make any other distributions on its Capital Stock or pay any Indebtedness or other obligations owed to the Company; (2) make any loans or advances to the Company; or (3) transfer any of its property or assets to the Company, except: (A) any encumbrance or restriction pursuant to applicable law or an agreement in effect at or entered into on the Closing Date; (B) any encumbrance or restriction with respect to a Restricted Subsidiary pursuant to an agreement relating to any Indebtedness Incurred by such Restricted Subsidiary prior to the date on which such Restricted Subsidiary was acquired by the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary (other than Indebtedness Incurred as consideration in, in contemplation of, or to provide all or any portion of the funds or credit support utilized to consummate the transaction or series of related transactions pursuant to which such Restricted Subsidiary became a Restricted Subsidiary or was otherwise acquired by the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary) and outstanding on such date; (C) any encumbrance or restriction pursuant to an agreement effecting a Refinancing of Indebtedness Incurred pursuant to an agreement referred to in clause (A) or (B) of this covenant or this clause (3)(C) or contained in any amendment to an agreement referred to in clause (A) or (B) of this covenant or this clause (3)(C); provided, however, that the encumbrances and restrictions contained in any such Refinancing agreement or amendment are no less favorable to the Holders in any material respect than the encumbrances and restrictions contained in such predecessor agreements; (D) in the case of clause (3), any encumbrance or restriction 79 (i) that restricts in a customary manner the subletting, assignment or transfer of any property or asset that is subject to a lease, license or similar contract, or (ii) contained in security agreements securing Indebtedness of the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary to the extent such encumbrance or restriction restricts the transfer of the property subject to such security agreements; (E) with respect to a Restricted Subsidiary, any restriction imposed pursuant to an agreement entered into for the sale or disposition of all or substantially all the Capital Stock or assets of such Restricted Subsidiary pending the closing of such sale or disposition; and (F) any encumbrance or restriction existing or created pursuant to Indebtedness permitted to be Incurred by a Restricted Subsidiary subsequent to the Closing Date pursuant to the covenant described under "--Limitations on Indebtedness"; provided, however, that any such encumbrance or restrictions are reasonable and customary with respect to the type of Indebtedness being Incurred (under the relevant circumstances). Limitation on Sales of Assets and Subsidiary Stock. (a) The Company will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, make any Asset Disposition unless: (1) the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary receives consideration (including by way of relief from, or by any other Person assuming sole responsibility for, any liabilities, contingent or otherwise) at the time of such Asset Disposition at least equal to the Fair Market Value of the shares and assets subject to such Asset Disposition, (2) except in the case of a Permitted Asset Swap, at least 75% of the consideration thereof received by the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary is in the form of cash, and (3) an amount equal to 100% of the Net Available Cash from such Asset Disposition is applied by the Company (or such Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be) (A) first, to the extent the Company elects (or is required by the terms of any Indebtedness), to prepay, repay, purchase, repurchase, redeem, retire, defease or otherwise acquire for value Senior Indebtedness of the Company or Indebtedness of a Restricted Subsidiary (in each case other than Indebtedness owed to the Company or an Affiliate of the Company (other than an Affiliate of CCP which is a lender in the ordinary course of business) and other than obligations in respect of Disqualified Stock) within 180 days after the later of the date of such Asset Disposition or the receipt of such Net Available Cash; (B) second, to the extent of the balance of Net Available Cash after application in accordance with clause (A), to the extent the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary elects, to reinvest in Additional Assets (including by means of an Investment in Additional Assets by a Restricted Subsidiary with Net Available Cash received by the Company or another Restricted Subsidiary) within 180 days from the later of such Asset Disposition or the receipt of such Net Available Cash; (C) third, to the extent of the balance of such Net Available Cash after application in accordance with clauses (A) and (B), to make an Offer (as defined in paragraph (b) of this covenant below) to purchase notes pursuant to and subject to the conditions set forth in paragraph (b) of this covenant; provided, however, that if the Company elects (or is required by the terms of any other Senior Subordinated Indebtedness), such Offer may be made ratably to purchase the notes and other Senior Subordinated Indebtedness of the Company; and 80 (D) fourth, to the extent of the balance of such Net Available Cash after application in accordance with clauses (A), (B) and (C), for any general corporate purpose permitted by the terms of the indenture; provided, however, that in connection with any final prepayment, repayment, purchase, repurchase, redemption, retirement, defeasance or other acquisition for value of Indebtedness pursuant to clause (A), (C) or (D) above, the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary will retire such Indebtedness and will cause the related loan commitment (if any) to be permanently reduced in an amount equal to the principal amount so prepaid, repaid, purchased, repurchased, redeemed, retired, defeased or otherwise acquired for value. Pending final application of any Net Available Cash in accordance with the foregoing, the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary may use such Net Available Cash to temporarily reduce (and, within such 180-day period, reborrow) Indebtedness or invest such Net Available Cash in Temporary Cash Equivalents. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this covenant, the Company and the Restricted Subsidiaries will not be required to apply any Net Available Cash in accordance with this covenant except to the extent that the aggregate Net Available Cash from all Asset Dispositions that is not applied in accordance with this covenant exceeds $7.5 million. For the purposes of this covenant, the following are deemed to be cash: . the assumption of Indebtedness of the Company (other than obligations in respect of Disqualified Stock of the Company) or any Restricted Subsidiary (other than obligations in respect of Disqualified Stock and Preferred Stock of a Restricted Subsidiary that is not a Note Guarantor) and the release of the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary from all liability on such Indebtedness in connection with such Asset Disposition, and . securities received by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary from the transferee that are promptly converted by the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary into cash. (b) In the event of an Asset Disposition that requires the purchase of notes pursuant to clause (a)(3)(C) of this covenant, the Company will be required (i) to purchase notes tendered pursuant to an offer by the Company for the notes (the "Offer") at a purchase price of 100% of their principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest and liquidated damages thereon, if any, to the date of purchase (subject to the right of Holders of record on the relevant date to receive interest due on the relevant interest payment date) in accordance with the procedures (including prorating in the event of oversubscription), set forth in the indenture and (ii) to purchase other Senior Subordinated Indebtedness of the Company on the terms and to the extent contemplated thereby (provided that in no event shall the Company offer to purchase such other Senior Subordinated Indebtedness of the Company at a purchase price in excess of 100% of its principal amount (without premium), plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon, unless an equal premium is offered to Holders in the Offer). If the aggregate purchase price of notes (and other Senior Subordinated Indebtedness) tendered pursuant to the Offer is less than the Net Available Cash allotted to the purchase of the notes (and other Senior Subordinated Indebtedness), the Company will apply the remaining Net Available Cash in accordance with clause (a)(3)(D) of this covenant. The Company will not be required to make an Offer for notes (and other Senior Subordinated Indebtedness) pursuant to this covenant if the Net Available Cash available therefor (after application of the proceeds as provided in clauses (a)(3)(A) and (B)) is less than $5.0 million for any particular Asset Disposition (which lesser amount will be carried forward for purposes of determining whether an Offer is required with respect to the Net Available Cash from any subsequent Asset Disposition). (c) The Company will comply, to the extent applicable, with the requirements of Section 14(e) of the Exchange Act and any other securities laws or regulations in connection with the repurchase of 81 notes pursuant to this covenant. To the extent that the provisions of any securities laws or regulations conflict with provisions of this covenant, the Company will comply with the applicable securities laws and regulations and will not be deemed to have breached its obligations under this covenant by virtue thereof. Limitation on Transactions with Affiliates. (a) The Company will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, enter into or conduct any transaction or series of related transactions (including the purchase, sale, lease or exchange of any property or the rendering of any service) with any Affiliate of the Company (an "Affiliate Transaction") unless such Affiliate Transaction is on terms: (1) that are no less favorable to the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be, than those that could be obtained at the time of such transaction in arm's-length dealings with a Person who is not such an Affiliate, (2) that, in the event such Affiliate Transaction involves an aggregate amount in excess of $1.0 million, (A) are set forth in writing, and (B) have been approved by a majority of the members of the Board of Directors having no personal stake in such Affiliate Transaction and, (3) that, in the event such Affiliate Transaction involves an amount in excess of $10.0 million, have been determined by a nationally recognized appraisal or investment banking firm to be fair, from a financial standpoint, to the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries. (b) The provisions of the foregoing paragraph (a) will not prohibit: (1) any Restricted Payment permitted to be paid pursuant to the covenant described under "Limitation on Restricted Payments," (2) any issuance of securities, or other payments, awards or grants in cash, securities or otherwise pursuant to, or the funding of, employment arrangements, stock options and stock ownership plans approved by the Board of Directors, (3) the grant of stock options or similar rights to employees and directors of the Company pursuant to plans approved by the Board of Directors, (4) loans or advances to employees in the ordinary course of business in accordance with past practices of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary, but in any event not to exceed $2.0 million in the aggregate outstanding at any one time, (5) the payment of reasonable fees to directors of the Company and its Subsidiaries who are not employees of the Company or its Subsidiaries, (6) any transaction between the Company and a Wholly Owned Subsidiary or between Wholly Owned Subsidiaries, or (7) the performance of any agreement as in effect as of the Closing Date (including the Tax Sharing Agreement, dated July 21, 1998, and the Amended and Restated Management Services Agreement, dated October 1, 1998) or any amendment or replacement thereto so long as any such amendment or replacement agreement is not more disadvantageous to the Holders of the notes in any material respect than the original agreement as in effect as of the Closing Date. Limitation on the Sale or Issuance of Capital Stock of Restricted Subsidiaries. The Company will not sell or otherwise dispose of any shares of Capital Stock (other than Preferred Stock that is not Voting Stock) of a Restricted Subsidiary, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary, directly or 82 indirectly, to issue or sell or otherwise dispose of any shares of its Capital Stock (other than Preferred Stock that is not Voting Stock) except: (1) to the Company or a Wholly Owned Subsidiary; (2) if, immediately after giving effect to such issuance, sale or other disposition, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries own any Capital Stock of such Restricted Subsidiary, or (3) if, immediately after giving effect to such issuance or sale, such Restricted Subsidiary would no longer constitute a Restricted Subsidiary and any Investment in such Person remaining after giving effect thereto would have been permitted to be made under the covenant described under "Limitation on Restricted Payments" if made on the date of such issuance, sale or other disposition ( and such Investment shall be deemed to be an Investment made for purposes of such covenant). The proceeds of any sale of such Capital Stock subject to and permitted hereby will be treated as Net Available Cash from an Asset Disposition and must be applied in accordance with the terms of the covenant described under "Limitation on Sales of Assets and Subsidiary Stock." SEC Reports. Notwithstanding that the Company may not be subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, the Company will file with the SEC (if it will accept such filing) and provide the Trustee and Holders and prospective Holders (upon request) within 15 days after it files them with the SEC, copies of its annual report and the information, documents and other reports that are specified in Sections 13 and 15(d) of the Exchange Act. In addition, following a Public Equity Offering, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee and the Holders, promptly upon their becoming available, copies of the annual report to shareholders and any other information provided by the Company, Holdings or Parent to its public shareholders generally. The Company also will comply with the other provisions of Section 314(a) of the TIA. Future Note Guarantors. The Company will cause (1) each Domestic Subsidiary and (2) each Foreign Subsidiary that Guarantees any Indebtedness (other than Indebtedness of a Restricted Subsidiary that is not a Note Guarantor) to become a Note Guarantor, and if applicable, execute and deliver to the Trustee a supplemental indenture in the form set forth in the indenture pursuant to which such Subsidiary will Guarantee payment of the notes. Each Note Guarantee will be limited to an amount not to exceed the maximum amount that can be Guaranteed by that Note Guarantor, without rendering the Note Guarantee, as it relates to such Note Guarantor voidable under applicable law relating to fraudulent conveyance or fraudulent transfer or similar laws affecting the rights of creditors generally. Limitation on Lines of Business. The Company will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, engage in any business, other than a Permitted Business. Merger and Consolidation The Company will not consolidate with or merge with or into, or convey, transfer or lease all or substantially all its assets to, any Person, unless: (1) the resulting, surviving or transferee Person (the "Successor Company") will be a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America, any State thereof or the District of Columbia and the Successor Company (if not the Company) will expressly assume, by a supplemental indenture, executed and delivered to the Trustee, in form satisfactory to the Trustee, all the obligations of the Company under the notes and the indenture; (2) immediately after giving effect to such transaction (and treating any Indebtedness which becomes an obligation of the Successor Company or any Restricted Subsidiary as a result of 83 such transaction as having been Incurred by the Successor Company or such Restricted Subsidiary at the time of such transaction), no Default shall have occurred and be continuing; (3) immediately after giving effect to such transaction, the Successor Company would be able to Incur an additional $1.00 of Indebtedness under paragraph (a) of the covenant described under "Limitation on Indebtedness"; (4) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such consolidation, merger or transfer and such supplemental indenture (if any) comply with the indenture; and (5) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel reasonably acceptable to the Trustee to the effect that the Holders will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such transaction and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such transaction had not occurred. The Successor Company will succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Company under the indenture, but the predecessor Company in the case of a conveyance, transfer or lease of all or substantially all its assets will not be released from the obligation to pay the principal of and interest on the notes. In addition, subject to certain exceptions, the Company will not permit any Note Guarantor to consolidate with or merge with or into, or convey, transfer or lease all or substantially all of its assets to any Person unless: (1) the resulting, surviving or transferee Person (the "Successor Guarantor") will be a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America, any State thereof or the District of Columbia (unless the Successor Guarantor is a Foreign Subsidiary), and such Person (if not a Note Guarantor) will expressly assume, by a supplemental indenture, executed and delivered to the Trustee, in form satisfactory to the Trustee, all the obligations of such Note Guarantor under its Note Guarantee; (2) immediately after giving effect to such transaction (and treating any Indebtedness which becomes an obligation of the Successor Guarantor or any Restricted Subsidiary as a result of such transaction as having been Incurred by the Successor Guarantor or such Restricted Subsidiary at the time of such transaction), no Default shall have occurred and be continuing; and (3) the Company will have delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such consolidation, merger or transfer and such supplemental indenture (if any) comply with the indenture. Notwithstanding the foregoing: (A) any Restricted Subsidiary may consolidate with, merge into or transfer all or part of its properties and assets to the Company and (B) the Company may merge with an Affiliate incorporated solely for the purpose of reincorporating the Company in another jurisdiction to realize tax or other benefits. Defaults Each of the following is an Event of Default: (1) a default in any payment of interest on any note when due and payable or in any payment of liquidated damages whether or not prohibited by the provisions described under "Ranking" above, continued for 30 days; 84 (2) a default in the payment of principal of any note when due and payable at its Stated Maturity, upon required redemption or repurchase, upon declaration or otherwise, whether or not such payment is prohibited by the provisions described under "Ranking" above; (3) the failure by the Company or any Subsidiary to comply with its obligations under the covenant described under "Merger and Consolidation" above; (4) the failure by the Company or any Subsidiary to comply for 30 days after receipt of notice with any of its obligations under the covenants described under "Change of Control" or "Certain Covenants" above (in each case, other than a failure to purchase notes); (5) the failure by the Company or any Subsidiary to comply for 60 days after receipt of notice with its other agreements contained in the notes or the indenture; (6) the failure by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary to pay any Indebtedness within any applicable grace period after final maturity (which has not subsequently been paid) or the acceleration (which has not been rescinded) of any such Indebtedness by the holders thereof because of a default if the total amount of such Indebtedness unpaid or accelerated exceeds $10.0 million or its foreign currency equivalent (the "cross acceleration provision") and such failure continues for 10 days after receipt of the notice specified in the indenture; (7) certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of the Company or a Significant Subsidiary (the "bankruptcy provisions"); (8) the rendering of any judgment or decree for the payment of money (other than judgments or decrees which are covered by enforceable insurance policies or indemnifications issued by or entered into with solvent Persons) in excess of $10.0 million or its foreign currency equivalent is rendered against the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary if: (A) an enforcement proceeding thereon is commenced by any creditor and is not stayed or dismissed within 10 days, or (B) such judgment or decree remains outstanding for a period of 60 days following such judgment and is not discharged, waived or stayed (the "judgment default provision"); or (9) any Note Guarantee ceases to be in full force and effect (except as contemplated by the terms thereof) or any Note Guarantor or Person acting by or on behalf of such Note Guarantor denies or disaffirms such Note Guarantor's obligations under the indenture or any Note Guarantee and such Default continues for 10 days after receipt of the notice specified in the indenture. The foregoing will constitute Events of Default whatever the reason for any such Event of Default and whether it is voluntary or involuntary or is effected by operation of law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court or any order, rule or regulation of any administrative or governmental body. However, a default under clauses (4), (5), (6) or (9) will not constitute an Event of Default until the Trustee notifies the Company or the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding notes notify the Company and the Trustee of the default and the Company or the Note Guarantor, as applicable, does not cure such default within the time specified in clauses (4), (5), (6) or (9) hereof after receipt of such notice. If an Event of Default (other than an Event of Default relating to certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of the Company) occurs and is continuing, the Trustee by notice to the Company, or the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding notes by notice to the Company and the Trustee, may declare the principal of and accrued but unpaid interest on all the 85 notes to be due and payable. Upon such a declaration, such principal and interest will be due and payable immediately. If an Event of Default relating to certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of the Company occurs, the principal of and interest on all the notes will become immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or any Holders. Under certain circumstances, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding notes may rescind any such acceleration with respect to the notes and its consequences. Subject to the provisions of the indenture relating to the duties of the Trustee, in case an Event of Default occurs and is continuing, the Trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers under the indenture at the request or direction of any of the Holders unless such Holders have offered to the Trustee reasonable indemnity or security against any loss, liability or expense. Except to enforce the right to receive payment of principal, premium (if any) or interest when due, no Holder may pursue any remedy with respect to the indenture or the notes unless: (1) such Holder has previously given the Trustee notice that an Event of Default is continuing; (2) Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding notes have requested the Trustee in writing to pursue the remedy; (3) such Holders have offered the Trustee reasonable security or indemnity against any loss, liability or expense; (4) the Trustee has not complied with such request within 60 days after the receipt of the request and the offer of security or indemnity; and (5) the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding notes have not given the Trustee a direction inconsistent with such request within such 60-day period. Subject to certain restrictions, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding notes will be given the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee or of exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee. The Trustee, however, may refuse to follow any direction that conflicts with law or the indenture or that the Trustee determines is unduly prejudicial to the rights of any other Holder or that would involve the Trustee in personal liability. Prior to taking any action under the indenture, the Trustee will be entitled to indemnification satisfactory to it in its sole discretion against all losses and expenses caused by taking or not taking such action. If a Default occurs and is continuing and is known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, the Trustee must mail to each Holder notice of the Default within the earlier of 90 days after it occurs or 30 days after it is known to a Trust Officer or written notice of it is received by the Trustee. Except in the case of a Default in the payment of principal of, premium (if any) or interest on any note (including payments pursuant to the redemption provisions of such note), the Trustee may withhold notice if and so long as a committee of its Trust Officers in good faith determines that withholding notice is in the interests of the Holders. In addition, the Company will be required to deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year, a certificate indicating whether the signers thereof know of any Default that occurred during the previous year. The Company will also be required to deliver to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, within 30 days after the occurrence thereof, written notice of any event which would constitute certain Events of Default, their status and what action the Company is taking or proposes to take in respect thereof. 86 Amendments and Waivers Subject to certain exceptions, the indenture or the notes may be amended with the written consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the notes then outstanding and any past default or compliance with any provisions may be waived with the consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the notes then outstanding. However, without the consent of each Holder of an outstanding note affected, no amendment may, among other things: (1) reduce the amount of notes whose Holders must consent to an amendment; (2) reduce the rate of or extend the time for payment of interest or any liquidated damages on any note; (3) reduce the principal of or extend the Stated Maturity of any note; (4) reduce the premium payable upon the redemption of any note or accelerate the time at which any note may be redeemed as described under "Optional Redemption" above; (5) make any note payable in money other than that stated in the note; (6) make any change to the subordination provisions of the indenture that adversely affects the rights of any Holder; (7) impair the right of any Holder to receive payment of principal of, and interest or any liquidated damages on, such Holder's notes on or after the due dates therefor or to institute suit for the enforcement of any payment on or with respect to such Holder's notes; (8) make any change in the amendment provisions which require each Holder's consent or in the waiver provisions; or (9) modify the Note Guarantees in any manner adverse to the Holders in a material respect. Without the consent of any Holder, the Company and Trustee may amend the indenture to: . cure any ambiguity, omission, defect or inconsistency; . provide for the assumption by a successor corporation of the obligations of the Company under the indenture; . provide for uncertificated notes in addition to or in place of certificated notes (provided, however, that the uncertificated notes are issued in registered form for purposes of Section 163(f) of the Code, or in a manner such that the uncertificated notes are described in Section 163(f)(2)(B) of the Code); . make any change in the subordination provisions of the indenture that would limit or terminate the benefits available to any holder of Senior Indebtedness of the Company (or any representative thereof) under such subordination provisions; . add additional Guarantees with respect to the notes; . secure the notes; . add to the covenants of the Company for the benefit of the Holders or to surrender any right or power conferred upon the Company; . make any change that does not adversely affect the rights of any Holder in a material respect, subject to the provisions of the indenture; . provide for the issuance of the new notes; or . comply with any requirement of the SEC in connection with the qualification of the indenture under the TIA. 87 However, no amendment may be made to the subordination provisions of the indenture that adversely affects the rights of any holder of Senior Indebtedness of the Company then outstanding unless the holders of such Senior Indebtedness (or any group or representative thereof authorized to give a consent) consent to such change. The consent of the Holders will not be necessary to approve the particular form of any proposed amendment. It will be sufficient if such consent approves the substance of the proposed amendment. After an amendment becomes effective, the Company is required to mail to Holders a notice briefly describing such amendment. However, the failure to give such notice to all Holders, or any defect therein, will not impair or affect the validity of the amendment. Transfer and Exchange A Holder will be able to transfer or exchange notes. Upon any transfer or exchange, the registrar and the Trustee may require a Holder, among other things, to furnish appropriate endorsements and transfer documents and the Company may require a Holder to pay any taxes required by law or permitted by the indenture. The Company will not be required to transfer or exchange any note selected for redemption or to transfer or exchange any note for a period of 15 days prior to a selection of notes to be redeemed. The notes will be issued in registered form and the Holder will be treated as the owner of such note for all purposes. Defeasance The Company may at any time terminate all its obligations under the notes and the indenture ("legal defeasance"), except for certain obligations, including those respecting the defeasance trust and obligations to register the transfer or exchange of the notes, to replace mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen notes and to maintain a registrar and paying agent in respect of the notes. In addition, the Company may at any time terminate: (1) its obligations under the covenants described under "Certain Covenants" and "Change of Control"; and (2) the operation of the cross acceleration provision, the bankruptcy provisions with respect to Significant Subsidiaries and the judgment default provision described under "Defaults" above and the limitations contained in clause (3) under the first paragraph of "Merger and Consolidation" above ("covenant defeasance"). In the event that the Company exercises its legal defeasance option or its covenant defeasance option, each Note Guarantor will be released from all of its obligations with respect to its Note Guarantee. The Company may exercise its legal defeasance option notwithstanding its prior exercise of its covenant defeasance option. If the Company exercises its legal defeasance option, payment of the notes may not be accelerated because of an Event of Default with respect thereto. If the Company exercises its covenant defeasance option, payment of the notes may not be accelerated because of an Event of Default specified in clause (4), (6), (7) (with respect only to Significant Subsidiaries) or (8) under "Defaults" above or because of the failure of the Company to comply with clause (3) under the first paragraph of "Merger and Consolidation" above. In order to exercise either defeasance option, the Company must irrevocably deposit in trust (the "defeasance trust") with the Trustee money in an amount sufficient or U.S. Government Obligations, the principal of and interest on which will be sufficient, or a combination thereof sufficient, to pay the 88 of principal, premium (if any) and interest on, and liquidated damages, if any, in respect of the notes to redemption or maturity, as the case may be, and must comply with certain other conditions, including delivery to the Trustee of an Opinion of Counsel reasonably acceptable to the Trustee to the effect that Holders will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit and defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit and defeasance had not occurred (and, in the case of legal defeasance only, such Opinion of Counsel must be based on a ruling of the Internal Revenue Service or other change in applicable federal income tax law). Concerning the Trustee The Bank of New York is the Trustee under the indenture and has been appointed by the Company as Registrar and Paying Agent with regard to the notes. Governing Law The indenture and the notes will be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York without giving effect to applicable principles of conflicts of law to the extent that the application of the law of another jurisdiction would be required thereby. Certain Definitions "Acquisition Term Loan Facility" means the facility referred to as the Acquisition Facility in the Credit Agreement. "Additional Assets" means: (1) any property or assets (other than Indebtedness and Capital Stock) to be used by the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary in a Permitted Business; (2) the Capital Stock of a Person that becomes a Restricted Subsidiary as a result of the acquisition of such Capital Stock by the Company or another Restricted Subsidiary; or (3) Capital Stock constituting a minority interest in any Person that at such time is a Restricted Subsidiary; provided, however, that: any such Restricted Subsidiary described in clauses (2) or (3) above is primarily engaged in a Permitted Business. "Affiliate" of any specified Person means any other Person, directly or indirectly, controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with such specified Person. For the purposes of this definition, "control" when used with respect to any Person means the power to direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise; and the terms "controlling" and "controlled" have meanings correlative to the foregoing. For purposes of the provisions described under "--Certain Covenants--Limitation on Transactions with Affiliates" and "--Certain Covenants--Limitation on Sales of Assets and Subsidiary Stock" only, "Affiliate" shall also mean any beneficial owner of shares representing 10% or more of the total voting power of the Voting Stock (on a fully diluted basis) of Parent, Holdings or the Company or of rights or warrants to purchase such Voting Stock (whether or not currently exercisable) and any Person who would be an Affiliate of any such beneficial owner pursuant to the first sentence hereof. "Asset Disposition" means any sale, lease, transfer or other disposition (or series of related sales, leases, transfers or dispositions) by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary, including any disposition by means of a merger, consolidation, or similar transaction (each referred to for the purposes of this definition as a "disposition"), of: 89 (1) any shares of Capital Stock of a Restricted Subsidiary (other than directors' qualifying shares or shares required by applicable law to be held by a Person other than the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary); (2) all or substantially all the assets of any division or line of business of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary; or (3) any other assets of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary outside of the ordinary course of business of the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary other than, in the case of (1), (2) and (3) above, (A) disposition by a Restricted Subsidiary to the Company or by the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary to a Wholly Owned Subsidiary, (B) for purposes of the provisions described under "Certain Covenants--Limitation on Sales of Assets and Subsidiary Stock" only, a disposition subject to the covenant described under "Certain Covenants--Limitation on Restricted Payments," (C) a disposition of assets with a Fair Market Value of less than $500,000, and (D) a transfer of real property to a state, county, local or municipal governmental agency in exchange for the granting of a permit or the taking of other regulatory action by such governmental agency that enhances the value of mining properties owned by the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary, provided that the Board of Directors has determined in good faith that such exchange is in the best interest of the Company. "Attributable Debt" in respect of a Sale/Leaseback Transaction means, as at the time of determination, the present value (discounted at the interest rate borne by the notes, compounded annually) of the total obligations of the lessee for rental payments during the remaining term of the lease included in such Sale/Leaseback Transaction (including any period for which such lease has been extended). "Average Life" means, as of the date of determination, with respect to any Indebtedness or Preferred Stock, the quotient obtained by dividing: (1) the sum of the products of the numbers of years from the date of determination to the dates of each successive scheduled principal payment of such Indebtedness or scheduled redemption or similar payment with respect to such Preferred Stock multiplied by the amount of such payment by (2) the sum of all such payments. "Bank Indebtedness" means any and all amounts payable under or in respect of the Credit Agreement and any Refinancing Indebtedness with respect thereto, as amended from time to time, including principal, premium (if any), interest (including interest accruing on or after the filing of any petition in bankruptcy or for reorganization relating to the Company whether or not a claim for post-filing interest is allowed in such proceedings), fees, charges, expenses, reimbursement obligations, guarantees and all other amounts payable thereunder or in respect thereof. "Board of Directors" means the Board of Directors of the Company or any committee thereof duly authorized to act on behalf of the Board of Directors of the Company. "Business Day" means each day which is not a Legal Holiday. "Capital Stock" of any Person means any and all shares, interests, rights to purchase, warrants, options, participations or other equivalents of or interests in (however designated) equity of such Person, including any Preferred Stock, but excluding any debt securities convertible into such equity. 90 "Capitalized Lease Obligations" means an obligation that is required to be classified and accounted for as a capitalized lease for financial reporting purposes in accordance with GAAP, and the amount of Indebtedness represented by such obligation shall be the capitalized amount of such obligation determined in accordance with GAAP; and the Stated Maturity thereof shall be the date of the last payment of rent or any other amount due under such lease prior to the first date upon which such lease may be prepaid by the lessee without payment of a penalty. "Closing Date" means October 1, 1999. "Code" means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. "Commodity Agreement" means any agreement designed to hedge against fluctuations in commodity prices, including natural gas prices, entered into in the ordinary course of business. "Consolidated Coverage Ratio" as of any date of determination means the ratio of (1) the aggregate amount of EBITDA for the period of the most recent four consecutive fiscal quarters ending at least 45 days prior to the date of such determination to (2) Consolidated Interest Expense for such four fiscal quarters; provided, however, that: (A) if the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary has Incurred any Indebtedness since the beginning of such period that remains outstanding on such date of determination or if the transaction giving rise to the need to calculate the Consolidated Coverage Ratio is an Incurrence of Indebtedness, EBITDA and Consolidated Interest Expense for such period shall be calculated after giving effect on a pro forma basis to such Indebtedness as if such Indebtedness had been Incurred on the first day of such period and the discharge of any other Indebtedness repaid, repurchased, defeased or otherwise discharged with the proceeds of such new Indebtedness as if such discharge had occurred on the first day of such period; (B) if the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary has repaid, repurchased, defeased or otherwise discharged any Indebtedness since the beginning of such period or if any Indebtedness is to be repaid, repurchased, defeased or otherwise discharged (in each case other than Indebtedness Incurred under any revolving credit facility unless such Indebtedness has been permanently repaid and has not been replaced) on the date of the transaction giving rise to the need to calculate the Consolidated Coverage Ratio, EBITDA and Consolidated Interest Expense for such period shall be calculated on a pro forma basis as if such discharge had occurred on the first day of such period and as if the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary has not earned the interest income actually earned during such period in respect of cash or Temporary Cash Investments used to repay, repurchase, defease or otherwise discharge such Indebtedness; (C) if since the beginning of such period the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary shall have made any Asset Disposition, the EBITDA for such period shall be reduced by an amount equal to the EBITDA (if positive) directly attributable to the assets that are the subject of such Asset Disposition for such period or increased by an amount equal to the EBITDA (if negative) directly attributable thereto for such period and Consolidated Interest Expense for such period shall be reduced by an amount equal to the Consolidated Interest Expense directly attributable to any Indebtedness of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary repaid, repurchased, defeased or otherwise discharged with respect to the Company and its continuing Restricted Subsidiaries in connection with such Asset Disposition for such period (or, if the Capital Stock of any Restricted Subsidiary is sold, the 91 Consolidated Interest Expense for such period directly attributable to the Indebtedness of such Restricted Subsidiary to the extent the Company and its continuing Restricted Subsidiaries are no longer liable for such Indebtedness after such sale); (D) if since the beginning of such period the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary (by merger or otherwise) shall have made an Investment in any Restricted Subsidiary (or any Person that becomes a Restricted Subsidiary) or an acquisition of assets, including any acquisition of assets occurring in connection with a transaction causing a calculation to be made hereunder, which constitutes all or substantially all of an operating unit of a business, EBITDA and Consolidated Interest Expense for such period shall be calculated after giving pro forma effect thereto (including the Incurrence of any Indebtedness) as if such Investment or acquisition occurred on the first day of such period; and (E) if since the beginning of such period any Person (that subsequently became a Restricted Subsidiary or was merged with or into the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary since the beginning of such period) shall have made any Asset Disposition or any Investment or acquisition of assets that would have required an adjustment pursuant to clause (C) or (D) above if made by the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary during such period, EBITDA and Consolidated Interest Expense for such period shall be calculated after giving pro forma effect thereto as if such Asset Disposition, Investment or acquisition of assets occurred on the first day of such period. For purposes of this definition, whenever pro forma effect is to be given to an acquisition of assets or other Investment, the amount of income or earnings relating thereto and the amount of Consolidated Interest Expense associated with any Indebtedness Incurred in connection therewith, the pro forma calculations shall be determined in good faith by a responsible financial or accounting Officer of the Company and shall comply with the requirements of Rule 11-02 of Regulation S-X promulgated by the SEC. If any Indebtedness bears a floating rate of interest and is being given pro forma effect, the interest expense on such Indebtedness shall be calculated as if the rate in effect on the date of determination had been the applicable rate for the entire period (taking into account any Interest Rate Agreement applicable to such Indebtedness if such Interest Rate Agreement has a remaining term as at the date of determination in excess of 12 months). "Consolidated Interest Expense" means, for any period, the total interest expense of the Company and its Consolidated Restricted Subsidiaries, plus, to the extent Incurred by the Company and its Consolidated Restricted Subsidiaries in such period but not included in such interest expense, without duplication: (1) interest expense attributable to Capitalized Lease Obligations and the interest expense attributable to leases constituting part of a Sale/Leaseback Transaction; (2) amortization of debt discount (but not debt issuance costs); (3) capitalized interest; (4) non-cash interest expense; (5) commissions, discounts and other fees and charges attributable to letters of credit and bankers' acceptance financing; (6) interest accruing on any Indebtedness of any other Person to the extent such Indebtedness is Guaranteed by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary; (7) net costs associated with Hedging Obligations; 92 (8) dividends in respect of all Disqualified Stock of the Company and all Preferred Stock of any Restricted Subsidiary, to the extent held by Persons other than the Company or another Restricted Subsidiary; (9) interest Incurred in connection with investments in discontinued operations; and (10) the cash contributions to any employee stock ownership plan or similar trust to the extent such contributions are used by such plan or trust to pay interest or fees to any Person (other than the Company) in connection with Indebtedness Incurred by such plan or trust. "Consolidated Leverage Ratio" as of any date of determination means the ratio of (1) Indebtedness of the Company and its Consolidated Restricted Subsidiaries as of the end of the most recent fiscal quarter ending at least 45 days prior to the date of such determination to (2) the aggregate amount of EBITDA for the period of the most recent four consecutive fiscal quarters ending at least 45 days prior to the date of such determination; provided, however, that: (A) if the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary has Incurred any Indebtedness since the beginning of such period that remains outstanding on such date of determination, Indebtedness and EBITDA for such period shall be calculated after giving effect on a pro forma basis to such Indebtedness as if such Indebtedness had been Incurred on the first day of such period and the discharge of any other Indebtedness repaid, repurchased, defeased or otherwise discharged with the proceeds of such new Indebtedness as if such discharge had occurred on the first day of such period; (B) if the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary has repaid, repurchased, defeased or otherwise discharged any Indebtedness since the beginning of such period or if any Indebtedness is to be repaid, repurchased, defeased or otherwise discharged (in each case other than Indebtedness Incurred under any revolving credit facility unless such Indebtedness has been permanently repaid and has not been replaced) on the date of the transaction giving rise to the need to calculate the Consolidated Leverage Ratio, Indebtedness and EBITDA for such period shall be calculated on a pro forma basis as if such discharge had occurred on the first day of such period and as if the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary has not earned the interest income actually earned during such period in respect of cash or Temporary Cash Investments used to repay, repurchase, defease or otherwise discharge such Indebtedness; (C) if since the beginning of such period the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary shall have made any Asset Disposition, the EBITDA for such period shall be reduced by an amount equal to the EBITDA (if positive) directly attributable to the assets that are the subject of such Asset Disposition for such period or increased by an amount equal to the EBITDA (if negative) directly attributable thereto for such period and Indebtedness shall be reduced by any Indebtedness of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary repaid, repurchased, defeased or otherwise discharged with respect to the Company and its continuing Restricted Subsidiaries in connection with such Asset Disposition (or, if the Capital Stock of any Restricted Subsidiary is sold, the Indebtedness of such Restricted Subsidiary to the extent the Company and its continuing Restricted Subsidiaries are no longer liable for such Indebtedness after such sale); (D) if since the beginning of such period the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary (by merger or otherwise) shall have made an Investment in any Restricted Subsidiary (or any Person that becomes a Restricted Subsidiary) or an acquisition of assets, including any 93 acquisition of assets occurring in connection with a transaction causing a calculation to be made hereunder, which constitutes all or substantially all of an operating unit of a business, Indebtedness and EBITDA for such period shall be calculated after giving pro forma effect thereto (including the Incurrence of any Indebtedness) as if such Investment or acquisition occurred on the first day of such period; and (E) if since the beginning of such period any Person (that subsequently became a Restricted Subsidiary or was merged with or into the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary since the beginning of such period) shall have made any Asset Disposition or any Investment or acquisition of assets that would have required an adjustment pursuant to clause (C) or (D) above if made by the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary during such period, Indebtedness and EBITDA for such period shall be calculated after giving pro forma effect thereto as if such Asset Disposition, Investment or acquisition of assets occurred on the first day of such period. For purposes of this definition, whenever pro forma effect is to be given to an acquisition of assets or other Investment, the amount of income or earnings relating thereto and the amount of any Indebtedness Incurred in connection therewith, the pro forma calculations shall be determined in good faith by a responsible financial or accounting Officer of the Company and shall comply with the requirements of Rule 11-02 of Regulation S-X promulgated by the SEC. If any Indebtedness bears a floating rate of interest and is being given pro forma effect, the interest expense on such Indebtedness shall be calculated as if the rate in effect on the date of determination had been the applicable rate for the entire period (taking into account any Interest Rate Agreement applicable to such Indebtedness if such Interest Rate Agreement has a remaining term as at the date of determination in excess of 12 months). "Consolidated Net Income" means, for any period, the net income of the Company and its Consolidated Subsidiaries for such period; provided, however, that there shall not be included in such Consolidated Net Income: (1) any net income of any Person (other than the Company) if such Person is not a Restricted Subsidiary, except that (A) subject to the limitations contained in clause (4) below, the Company's equity in the net income of any such Person for such period shall be included in such Consolidated Net Income up to the aggregate amount of cash actually distributed by such Person during such period to the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary as a dividend or other distribution (subject, in the case of a dividend or other distribution made to a Restricted Subsidiary, to the limitations contained in clause (3) below), and (B) the Company's equity in a net loss of any such Person for such period shall be included in determining such Consolidated Net Income; (2) any net income (or loss) of any Person acquired by the Company or a Subsidiary in a pooling of interests transaction for any period prior to the date of such acquisition; (3) any net income (or loss) of any Restricted Subsidiary to the extent such Restricted Subsidiary is subject to restrictions, directly or indirectly, on the payment of dividends or the making of distributions by such Restricted Subsidiary, directly or indirectly, to the Company, except that the Company's equity in a net loss of any such Restricted Subsidiary for such period shall be included in determining such Consolidated Net Income; (4) any gain or loss realized upon the sale or other disposition of any asset of the Company or its Consolidated Subsidiaries (including pursuant to any Sale/Leaseback Transaction) that is not sold or otherwise disposed of in the ordinary course of business and any gain or loss realized upon the sale or other disposition of any Capital Stock of any Person; 94 (5) any extraordinary gain or loss; and (6) the cumulative effect of a change in accounting principles. Notwithstanding the foregoing, for the purpose of the covenant described under "Certain Covenants--Limitation on Restricted Payments" only, there shall be excluded from Consolidated Net Income any dividends, repayments of loans or advances or other transfers of assets from Unrestricted Subsidiaries to the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary to the extent such dividends, repayments or transfers increase the amount of Restricted Payments permitted under such covenant pursuant to clause (a)(4)(C)(iv) thereof. "Consolidation" means the consolidation of the amounts of each of the Restricted Subsidiaries with those of the Company in accordance with GAAP consistently applied; provided, however, that "Consolidation" will not include consolidation of the accounts of any Unrestricted Subsidiary, but the interest of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary in an Unrestricted Subsidiary will be accounted for as an investment. The term "Consolidated" has a correlative meaning. "Credit Agreement" means the credit agreement dated as of the Closing Date among the Company, as borrower, Parent, as parent guarantor, George F. Pettinos (Canada) Limited, as Canadian borrower, Banque Nationale de Paris, as agent, and the financial institutions and other institutional lenders named therein, as the same may be amended, restated, supplemented, waived, replaced, refinanced, restructured or otherwise modified from time to time, in each case, whether or not upon termination, whether with the original financial institutions, other institutional lenders or agents, and whether with one or more credit agreements with the Company or one or more Restricted Subsidiaries as borrowers. "Currency Agreement" means with respect to any Person any foreign exchange contract, currency swap agreements or other similar agreement or arrangement to which such Person is a party or of which it is a beneficiary. "Default" means any event which is, or after notice or passage of time or both would be, an Event of Default. "Designated Senior Indebtedness" of the Company means (1) the Bank Indebtedness and Indebtedness in respect of Hedging Obligations, and (2) any other Senior Indebtedness of the Company that, at the date of determination, has an aggregate principal amount outstanding of, or under which, at the date of determination, the holders thereof are committed to lend up to at least $25 million and is specifically designated by the Company in the instrument evidencing or governing such Senior Indebtedness as "Designated Senior Indebtedness" for purposes of the indenture. "Designated Senior Indebtedness" of a Note Guarantor has a correlative meaning. "Disqualified Stock" means, with respect to any Person, any Capital Stock which by its terms (or by the terms of any security into which it is convertible or for which it is exchangeable or exercisable) or upon the happening of any event: (1) matures or is mandatorily redeemable pursuant to a sinking fund obligation or otherwise; (2) is convertible or exchangeable for Indebtedness or Disqualified Stock (excluding Capital Stock convertible or exchangeable solely at the option of the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary; provided, however, that any such conversion or exchange shall be deemed an Incurrence of Indebtedness or Disqualified Stock, as applicable); or 95 (3) is redeemable at the option of the holder thereof, in whole or in part, in the case of each of clauses (1), (2) and (3), on or prior to the first anniversary of the Stated Maturity of the notes; provided, however, that any Capital Stock that would not constitute Disqualified Stock but for provisions thereof giving holders thereof the right to require such Person to repurchase or redeem such Capital Stock upon the occurrence of an "asset sale" or "change of control" occurring prior to the Stated Maturity of the notes shall not constitute Disqualified Stock if the "asset sale" or "change of control" provisions applicable to such Capital Stock are not more favorable in a material respect to the holders of such Capital Stock than the provisions of the covenants described under "Change of Control" and "Limitation on Sales of Assets and Subsidiary Stock." "Domestic Subsidiary" means any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company other than a Foreign Subsidiary. "EBITDA" for any period means the Consolidated Net Income for such period, plus, without duplication, the following to the extent deducted in calculating such Consolidated Net Income: (1) income tax expense of the Company and its Consolidated Restricted Subsidiaries; (2) Consolidated Interest Expense; (3) depreciation expense of the Company and its Consolidated Restricted Subsidiaries; (4) amortization expense of the Company and its Consolidated Restricted Subsidiaries (excluding amortization expense attributable to a prepaid cash item that was paid in a prior period); (5) depletion expense of the Company and its Consolidated Restricted Subsidiaries; and (6) all other non-cash charges of the Company and its Consolidated Restricted Subsidiaries (excluding any such non-cash charge to the extent it represents an accrual of or reserve for cash expenditures in any future period) less all non-cash items of income of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiary, in each case for such period. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the provision for taxes based on the income or profits of, and the depreciation, amortization and depletion and non-cash charges of, a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company shall be added to Consolidated Net Income to compute EBITDA only to the extent (and in the same proportion) that the net income of such Restricted Subsidiary was included in calculating Consolidated Net Income and only if a corresponding amount would be permitted at the date of determination to be dividended to the Company by such Restricted Subsidiary without prior approval (that has not been obtained), pursuant to the terms of its charter and all agreements, instruments, judgments, decrees, orders, statutes, rules and governmental regulations applicable to such Restricted Subsidiary or its stockholders. "Exchange Act" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. "Fair Market Value" means, with respect to any asset or property, the price which could be negotiated in an arm's length, free market transaction, for cash, between a willing seller and a willing and able buyer, neither of whom is under undue pressure or compulsion to complete the transaction. For purposes of the indenture, Fair Market Value will be determined in good faith by the Board of Directors, whose determination will be conclusive and evidenced by a resolution of the Board of Directors. 96 "Foreign Subsidiary" means any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company that is not organized under the laws of the United States of America or any State thereof or the District of Columbia. "GAAP" means generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America as in effect as of the Closing Date, including those set forth in: (1) the opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants; (2) statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board; (3) such other statements by such other entities as are approved by a significant segment of the accounting profession; and (4) the rules and regulations of the SEC governing the inclusion of financial statements (including pro forma financial statements) in periodic reports required to be filed pursuant to Section 13 of the Exchange Act, including opinions and pronouncements in staff accounting bulletins and similar written statements from the accounting staff of the SEC. All ratios and computations based on GAAP contained in the indenture shall be computed in conformity with GAAP. "Guarantee" means any obligation, contingent or otherwise, of any Person directly or indirectly guaranteeing any Indebtedness or other obligation of any other Person and any obligation, direct or indirect, contingent or otherwise, of such Person: (1) to purchase or pay (or advance or supply funds for the purchase or payment of) such Indebtedness or other obligation of such other Person (whether arising by virtue of partnership arrangements, or by agreement to keep-well, to purchase assets, goods, securities or services, to take-or- pay, or to maintain financial statement conditions or otherwise); or (2) entered into for purposes of assuring in any other manner the obligee of such Indebtedness or other obligation of the payment thereof or to protect such obligee against loss in respect thereof (in whole or in part); provided, however, that the term "Guarantee" shall not include endorsements for collection or deposit in the ordinary course of business. The term "Guarantee" used as a verb has a corresponding meaning. The term "Guarantor" shall mean any Person Guaranteeing any obligation. "Hedging Obligations" of any Person means the obligations of such Person pursuant to any Interest Rate Agreement, Currency Agreement or Commodity Agreement. "Holder" means the Person in whose name a note is registered on the Registrar's books. "Incur" means issue, assume, Guarantee, incur or otherwise become liable for; provided, however, that any Indebtedness or redemption, repayment or repurchase obligation in respect of Preferred Stock or Disqualified Stock of a Person existing at the time such Person becomes a Subsidiary (whether by merger, consolidation, acquisition or otherwise) shall be deemed to be Incurred by such Person at the time it becomes a Subsidiary. The term "Incurrence" when used as a noun shall have a correlative meaning. The accretion of principal of a non-interest bearing or other discount security shall not be deemed the Incurrence of Indebtedness. "Indebtedness" means, with respect to any Person on any date of determination, without duplication: (1) the principal of and premium (if any) in respect of indebtedness of such Person for borrowed money; 97 (2) the principal of and premium (if any) in respect of obligations of such Person evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes or other similar instruments; (3) all obligations of such Person in respect of letters of credit or other similar instruments (including reimbursement obligations with respect thereto); (4) all obligations of such Person to pay the deferred and unpaid purchase price of property or services (except Trade Payables), which purchase price is due more than twelve months after the date of placing such property in service or taking delivery and title thereto or the completion of such services; (5) all Capitalized Lease Obligations and all Attributable Debt of such Person; (6) the amount of all obligations of such Person with respect to the redemption, repayment or other repurchase of any Disqualified Stock or, with respect to any Subsidiary of such Person, any Preferred Stock (but excluding, in each case, any accrued dividends); (7) all Indebtedness of other Persons secured by a Lien on any asset of such Person, whether or not such Indebtedness is assumed by such Person; provided, however, that the amount of Indebtedness of such Person shall be the lesser of (A) the Fair Market Value of such asset at such date of determination, and (B) the amount of such Indebtedness of such other Persons; (8) Hedging Obligations of such Person; and (9) all obligations of the type referred to in clauses (1) through (8) of other Persons and all dividends of other Persons for the payment of which, in either case, such Person is responsible or liable, directly or indirectly, as obligor, guarantor or otherwise, including by means of any Guarantee. The amount of Indebtedness (other than Hedging Obligations) of any Person at any date shall be the outstanding balance at such date of all unconditional obligations as described above and the maximum liability, upon the occurrence of the contingency giving rise to the obligation, of any contingent obligations at such date. The amount of Indebtedness in respect of Hedging Obligations shall be determined in accordance with GAAP. Notwithstanding the foregoing, for the purposes of the definition of Consolidated Leverage Ratio, Indebtedness shall not include any obligations in respect of undrawn letters of credit or any Hedging Obligations. "Interest Rate Agreement" means with respect to any Person any interest rate protection agreement, interest rate future agreement, interest rate option agreement, interest rate swap agreement, interest rate cap agreement, interest rate collar agreement, interest rate hedge agreement or other similar agreement or arrangement as to which such Person is party or a beneficiary. "Investment" in any Person means any direct or indirect advance, loan (other than advances to customers in the ordinary course of business that are recorded as accounts receivable on the balance sheet of the lender) or other extension of credit (including by way of Guarantee or similar arrangement) or capital contribution to (by means of any transfer of cash or other property to others or any payment for property or services for the account or use of others), or any purchase or acquisition of Capital Stock, Indebtedness or other similar instruments issued by such Person. For 98 purposes of the definition of "Unrestricted Subsidiary" and the covenant described under "Certain Covenants--Limitation on Restricted Payments": (1) "Investment" shall include the portion (proportionate to the Company's equity interest in such Subsidiary) of the Fair Market Value of the net assets of any Subsidiary of the Company at the time that such Subsidiary is designated an Unrestricted Subsidiary; provided, however, that upon a redesignation of such Subsidiary as a Restricted Subsidiary, the Company shall be deemed to continue to have a permanent "Investment" in an Unrestricted Subsidiary in an amount (if positive) equal to: (A) the Company's "Investment" in such Subsidiary at the time of such redesignation less (B) the portion (proportionate to the Company's equity interest in such Subsidiary) of the Fair Market Value of the net assets of such Subsidiary at the time of such redesignation; and (2) any property transferred to or from an Unrestricted Subsidiary shall be valued at its Fair Market Value at the time of such transfer. "Legal Holiday" means a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which banking institutions are not required by law or regulation to be open in the State of New York. "Lien" means any mortgage, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, lien or charge of any kind (including any conditional sale or other title retention agreement or lease in the nature thereof). "Net Available Cash" from an Asset Disposition means cash payments received (including any cash payments received by way of deferred payment of principal pursuant to a note or installment receivable or otherwise and proceeds from the sale or other disposition of any securities received as consideration, but only as and when received, but excluding any other consideration received in the form of assumption by the acquiring Person of Indebtedness or other obligations relating to the properties or assets that are the subject of such Asset Disposition or received in any other non-cash form) therefrom, in each case net of: (1) all legal, title and recording tax expenses, commissions and other fees and expenses incurred, and all federal, state, provincial, foreign and local taxes required to be paid or accrued as a liability under GAAP, as a consequence of such Asset Disposition; (2) all payments made on any Indebtedness which is secured by any assets subject to such Asset Disposition, in accordance with the terms of any Lien upon or other security agreement of any kind with respect to such assets, or which must by its terms, or in order to obtain a necessary consent to such Asset Disposition, or by applicable law be repaid out of the proceeds from such Asset Disposition; (3) all distributions and other payments required to be made to minority interest holders in Subsidiaries or joint ventures as a result of such Asset Disposition; and (4) appropriate amounts to be provided by the seller as a reserve, in accordance with GAAP, against any liabilities associated with the property or other assets disposed of in such Asset Disposition and retained by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary after such Asset Disposition. "Net Cash Proceeds", with respect to any issuance or sale of Capital Stock, means the cash proceeds of such issuance or sale net of attorneys' fees, accountants' fees, underwriters' or placement agents' fees, discounts or commissions and brokerage, consultant and other fees actually incurred in connection with such issuance or sale and net of taxes paid or payable as a result thereof. 99 "Note Guarantee" means each Guarantee of the obligations with respect to the notes issued by a Person pursuant to the terms of the indenture. "Note Guarantor" means any Person that has issued a Note Guarantee. "Officer" means the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, the President, any Vice President, the Treasurer or the Secretary of the Company. "Officer" of a Note Guarantor has a correlative meaning. "Officers' Certificate" means a certificate signed by two Officers. "Opinion of Counsel" means a written opinion from legal counsel who is acceptable to the Trustee. The counsel may be an employee of or counsel to the Company, a Note Guarantor or the Trustee. "Permitted Asset Swap" means any one or more transactions in which the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary exchanges assets for consideration consisting of (i) Capital Stock in or assets of a Person engaged in a Permitted Business and (ii) any cash, provided that such cash will be considered Net Available Cash from an Asset Disposition. "Permitted Business" means any business engaged in by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary on the Closing Date and any Related Business. "Permitted Holders" means (i) Chase Capital Partners, its Affiliates and their respective directors and officers, (ii) D. George Harris & Associates, LLC and individuals who are equity owners, directors or employees of DGHA, the Company, Holdings or Parent (or the estate or any beneficiary of any such individual or any immediate family member of any such individual or any trust established for the benefit of any such immediate family member) and (iii) any Person acting in the capacity of an underwriter in connection with a public or private offering of the Company's, Parent's or Holdings' Capital Stock. "Permitted Investment" means an Investment by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary in: (1) the Company, a Restricted Subsidiary or a Person that will, upon the making of such Investment, become a Restricted Subsidiary; provided, however, that the primary business of such Restricted Subsidiary is a Permitted Business; (2) another Person if as a result of such Investment such other Person is merged or consolidated with or into, or transfers or conveys all or substantially all its assets to, the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary; provided, however, that such Person's primary business is a Permitted Business; (3) Temporary Cash Investments; (4) receivables owing to the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary if created or acquired in the ordinary course of business and payable or dischargeable in accordance with customary trade terms; provided, however, that such trade terms may include such concessionary trade terms as the Company or any such Restricted Subsidiary deems reasonable under the circumstances; (5) payroll, travel and similar advances to cover matters that are expected at the time of such advances ultimately to be treated as expenses for accounting purposes and that are made in the ordinary course of business; (6) loans or advances to employees made in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practices of the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary and not exceeding $1.0 million in the aggregate outstanding at any one time; 100 (7) stock, obligations or securities received in settlement of debts created in the ordinary course of business and owing to the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary or in satisfaction of judgments; (8) any Person to the extent such Investment represents the non-cash portion of the consideration received for an Asset Disposition that was made pursuant to and in compliance with the covenant described under "Certain Covenants--Limitation on Sales of Assets and Subsidiary Stock"; (9) Investments the payment for which consists of (i) Capital Stock (other than Disqualified Stock) or the cash proceeds from the sale of Capital Stock (other than Disqualified Stock), in each case of the Company or (ii) the proceeds of cash capital contributions to the Company; provided, however, that such cash proceeds from sales of Capital Stock or cash capital contributions will not increase the amount available for Restricted Payments under clause (4)(C) of the first paragraph of the "-- Limitation on Restricted Payments" covenant; (10) Loans to DGHA pursuant to the Amended and Restated Management Services Agreement, dated October 1, 1998, or any amendment or replacement thereto so long as any such amendment or replacement agreement is not more disadvantageous to the Holders of the notes in any material respect than the agreement as in effect as of the Closing Date; (11) Investments in the ordinary course of business in an insurer required as a condition to the provision by such insurer of insurance coverage; and (12) any Person having an aggregate Fair Market Value, taken together with all other Investments made pursuant to this clause (12) that are at the time outstanding, not to exceed the greater of 3.0% of Total Assets or $15.0 million at the time of such Investment (with the Fair Market Value of each Investment being measured at the time made and without giving effect to subsequent changes in value). "Person" means any individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, association, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization, government or any agency or political subdivision thereof or any other entity. "Preferred Stock", as applied to the Capital Stock of any Person, means Capital Stock of any class or classes (however designated) that is preferred as to the payment of dividends, or as to the distribution of assets upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation or dissolution of such Person, over shares of Capital Stock of any other class of such Person. "principal" of a note means the principal of the note plus the premium, if any, payable on the note which is due or overdue or is to become due at the relevant time. "Public Equity Offering" means an underwritten primary public offering of common stock of the Company, Parent or Holdings, as applicable, pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act. "Public Market" means any time after: (1) a Public Equity Offering has been consummated; and (2) at least 15% of the total issued and outstanding common stock of the Company, Parent or Holdings (as applicable) has been distributed by means of an effective registration statement under the Securities Act. "Refinance" means, in respect of any Indebtedness, to refinance, extend, renew, refund, repay, prepay, redeem, defease or retire, or to issue other Indebtedness in exchange or replacement for, such Indebtedness. "Refinanced" and "Refinancing" shall have correlative meanings. 101 "Refinancing Indebtedness" means Indebtedness that is Incurred to refund, refinance, replace, renew, repay or extend (including pursuant to any defeasance or discharge mechanism) any Indebtedness of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary existing on the Closing Date or Incurred in compliance with the indenture (including Indebtedness of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary that Refinances Refinancing Indebtedness); provided, however, that: (1) the Refinancing Indebtedness has a Stated Maturity no earlier than the Stated Maturity of the Indebtedness being Refinanced; (2) the Refinancing Indebtedness has an Average Life at the time such Refinancing Indebtedness is Incurred that is equal to or greater than the Average Life of the Indebtedness being refinanced; (3) such Refinancing Indebtedness is Incurred in an aggregate principal amount (or if issued with original issue discount, an aggregate issue price) that is equal to or less than the aggregate principal amount (or if issued with original issue discount, the aggregate accreted value) then outstanding of the Indebtedness being Refinanced plus any reasonable premiums required to be paid with respect to the Indebtedness being Refinanced; and (4) if the Indebtedness being Refinanced is subordinated in right of payment to the notes, such Refinancing Indebtedness is subordinated in right of payment to the notes at least to the same extent as the Indebtedness being Refinanced; provided further, however, that (x) Refinancing Indebtedness shall not include: (A) Indebtedness of a Restricted Subsidiary that is not a Note Guarantor that Refinances Indebtedness of the Company or (B) Indebtedness of the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary that Refinances Indebtedness of an Unrestricted Subsidiary, and (y) Refinancing Indebtedness referred to in the definition of "Bank Indebtedness" or in respect of the Acquisition Term Loan Facility shall not be subject to clauses (1), (2) or (3) of this definition. "Related Business" means any business related, ancillary or complementary to the businesses of the Company and the Restricted Subsidiaries on the Closing Date. "Representative" means the trustee, agent or representative (if any) for an issue of Senior Indebtedness. "Responsible Officer" shall mean, when used with respect to the Trustee, any officer within the corporate trust department of the Trustee, including any vice president, assistant vice president, assistant secretary, assistant treasurer, trust officer or any other officer of the Trustee who customarily performs functions similar to those performed by the Persons who at the time shall be such officers, respectively, or to whom any corporate trust matter is referred because of such person's knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject and who shall have direct responsibility for the administration of the indenture. "Restricted Subsidiary" means any Subsidiary of the Company other than an Unrestricted Subsidiary. "Sale/Leaseback Transaction" means an arrangement relating to property now owned or hereafter acquired by the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary whereby the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary transfers such property to a Person and the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary leases it from such Person, other than leases between the Company and a Wholly Owned Subsidiary or between Wholly Owned Subsidiaries. "SEC" means the Securities and Exchange Commission. 102 "Secured Indebtedness" means any Indebtedness of the Company secured by a Lien. Secured Indebtedness" of a Note Guarantor has a correlative meaning. "Senior Subordinated Indebtedness" of the Company means the notes and any other Indebtedness of the Company that specifically provides that such Indebtedness is to rank equally with the notes in right of payment and is not subordinated by its terms in right of payment to any Indebtedness or other obligation of the Company which is not Senior Indebtedness. "Senior Subordinated Indebtedness" of a Note Guarantor has a correlative meaning. "Significant Subsidiary" means any Restricted Subsidiary that would be a "Significant Subsidiary" of the Company within the meaning of Rule 1-02 under Regulation S-X promulgated by the SEC. "Stated Maturity" means, with respect to any security, the date specified in such security as the fixed date on which the final payment of principal of such security is due and payable, including pursuant to any mandatory redemption provision (but excluding any provision providing for the repurchase of such security at the option of the holder thereof upon the happening of any contingency beyond the control of the issuer unless such contingency has occurred). "Subordinated Obligation" means any Indebtedness of the Company (whether outstanding on the Closing Date or thereafter Incurred) that is subordinate or junior in right of payment to the notes pursuant to a written agreement. "Subordinated Obligation" of a Note Guarantor has a correlative meaning. "Subsidiary" of any Person means any corporation, association, partnership or other business entity of which more than 50% of the total voting power of shares of Capital Stock or other interests (including partnership interests) entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors, managers or trustees thereof is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by: (1) such Person; (2) such Person and one or more Subsidiaries of such Person; or (3) one or more Subsidiaries of such Person. "Temporary Cash Investments" means any of the following: (1) any investment in direct obligations of the United States of America or any agency thereof or obligations Guaranteed by the United States of America or any agency thereof; (2) investments in time deposit accounts, certificates of deposit and money market deposits maturing within 180 days of the date of acquisition thereof issued by a bank or trust company that is organized under the laws of the United States of America, any state thereof or any foreign country recognized by the United States of America having capital, surplus and undivided profits aggregating in excess of $250,000,000 (or the foreign currency equivalent thereof) and whose long-term debt is rated "A" (or such similar equivalent rating) or higher by at least one nationally recognized statistical rating organization (as defined in Rule 436 under the Securities Act); (3) repurchase obligations with a term of not more than 30 days for underlying securities of the types described in clause (1) above entered into with a bank meeting the qualifications described in clause (2) above; (4) investments in commercial paper, maturing not more than 90 days after the date of acquisition, issued by a corporation (other than an Affiliate of the Company) organized and in existence under the laws of the United States of America or any foreign country recognized by 103 the United States of America with a rating at the time as of which any investment therein is made of "P-1" (or higher) according to Moody's Investors Service, Inc. or "A-1" (or higher) according to Standard and Poor's Ratings Service, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ("S&P"); and (5) investments in securities with maturities of six months or less from the date of acquisition issued or fully guaranteed by any state, commonwealth or territory of the United States of America, or by any political subdivision or taxing authority thereof, and rated at least "A" by S&P or "A" by Moody's Investors Service, Inc. "TIA" means the Trust indenture Act of 1939 (15 U.S.C. (S)(S) 77aaa-77bbbb) as in effect on the Closing Date. "Total Assets" means the total consolidated assets of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries, as shown on the most recent balance sheet of the Company. "Trade Payables" means, with respect to any Person, any accounts payable or any indebtedness or monetary obligation to trade creditors created, assumed or Guaranteed by such Person arising in the ordinary course of business in connection with the acquisition of goods or services. "Trustee" means the party named as such in the indenture until a successor replaces it and, thereafter, means the successor. "Unrestricted Subsidiary" means: (1) any Subsidiary of the Company that at the time of determination shall be designated an Unrestricted Subsidiary by the Board of Directors in the manner provided below; and (2) any Subsidiary of an Unrestricted Subsidiary. The Board of Directors may designate any Subsidiary of the Company (including any newly acquired or newly formed Subsidiary of the Company) to be an Unrestricted Subsidiary unless such Subsidiary or any of its Subsidiaries owns any Capital Stock or Indebtedness of, or owns or holds any Lien on any property of, the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company that is not a Subsidiary of the Subsidiary to be so designated; provided, however, that either: (A) the Subsidiary to be so designated has total Consolidated assets of $1,000 or less; or (B) if such Subsidiary has Consolidated assets greater than $1,000, then such designation would be permitted under the covenant entitled "Limitation on Restricted Payments." The Board of Directors may designate any Unrestricted Subsidiary to be a Restricted Subsidiary; provided, however, that (x) immediately after giving effect to such designation no Default shall have occurred and be continuing and (y) at the time of such designation the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary could have Incurred all of the outstanding Indebtedness of such Subsidiary and its Subsidiaries under the covenant described under "--Certain Covenants--Limitation on Indebtedness." Any such designation of a Subsidiary as a Restricted Subsidiary or Unrestricted Subsidiary by the Board of Directors shall be evidenced to the Trustee by promptly filing with the Trustee a copy of 104 the resolution of the Board of Directors giving effect to such designation and an Officers' Certificate certifying that such designation complied with the foregoing provisions. "U.S. Government Obligations" means direct obligations (or certificates representing an ownership interest in such obligations) of the United States of America (including any agency or instrumentality thereof) for the payment of which the full faith and credit of the United States of America is pledged and which are not callable or redeemable at the issuer's option. "Voting Stock" of a Person means all classes of Capital Stock or other interests (including partnership interests) of such Person then outstanding and normally entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors, managers or trustees of the related corporation, partnership or Person. "Wholly Owned Subsidiary" means a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company all the Voting Stock of which (other than directors' qualifying shares) is owned by the Company and/or another Wholly Owned Subsidiary. 105 BOOK-ENTRY; DELIVERY AND FORM The new notes will initially be represented by one permanent global note in definitive, fully registered book-entry form, without interest coupons that will be deposited with, or on behalf of, DTC and registered in the name of DTC or its nominee, on behalf of the acquirers of new notes represented thereby for credit to the respective accounts of the acquirers, or to such other accounts as they may direct, at DTC, or Morgan Guaranty Trust Company of New York, Brussels Office, as operator of the Euroclear System, or Clearstream Banking, societe anonyme. Except as set forth below, the global notes may be transferred, in whole and not in part, solely to another nominee of DTC or to a successor of DTC or its nominee. Beneficial interests in the global notes may not be exchanged for notes in physical, certificated form except in the limited circumstances described below. All interests in the global notes, including those held through Euroclear or Clearstream, may be subject to the procedures and requirements of DTC. Those interests held through Euroclear or Clearstream may also be subject to the procedures and requirements of those systems. Certain Book-Entry Procedures for the Global Notes The descriptions of the operations and procedures of DTC, Euroclear and Clearstream set forth below are provided solely as a matter of convenience. These operations and procedures are solely within the control of the respective settlement systems and are subject to change by them from time to time. We do not take any responsibility for these operations or procedures, and investors are urged to contact the relevant system or its participants directly to discuss these matters. DTC has advised us that it is (1) a limited purpose trust company organized under the laws of the State of New York, (2) a "banking organization" within the meaning of the New York Banking Law, (3) a member of the Federal Reserve System, (4) a "clearing corporation" within the meaning of the Uniform Commercial Code, as amended, and (5) a "clearing agency" registered pursuant to Section 17A of the Exchange Act. DTC was created to hold securities for its participants and facilitates the clearance and settlement of securities transactions between participants through electronic book-entry changes to the accounts of its participants, thereby eliminating the need for physical transfer and delivery of certificates. DTC's participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks and trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations. Indirect access to DTC's system is also available to other entities such as banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a participant, either directly or indirectly. Investors who are not participants may beneficially own securities held by or on behalf of DTC only through participants or indirect participants. We expect that pursuant to procedures established by DTC ownership of the new notes will be shown on, and the transfer of ownership thereof will be effected only through, records maintained by DTC (with respect to the interests of participants) and the records of participants and the indirect participants (with respect to the interests of persons other than participants). The laws of some jurisdictions may require that certain purchasers of securities take physical delivery of those securities in definitive form. Accordingly, the ability to transfer interests in the new 106 notes represented by a global note to those persons may be limited. In addition, because DTC can act only on behalf of its participants, who in turn act on behalf of persons who hold interests through participants, the ability of a person having an interest in new notes represented by a global note to pledge or transfer that interest to persons or entities that do not participate in DTC's system, or to otherwise take actions in respect of that interest, may be affected by the lack of a physical definitive security in respect of that interest. So long as DTC or its nominee is the registered owner of a global note, DTC or such nominee, as the case may be, will be considered the sole owner or holder of the new notes represented by the global note for all purposes under the indenture. Except as provided below, owners of beneficial interests in a global note: . will not be entitled to have new notes represented by that global note registered in their names, . will not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of certificated new notes, and . will not be considered the owners or holders thereof under the indenture for any purpose, including with respect to the giving of any direction, instruction or approval to the trustee thereunder. Accordingly, each holder owning a beneficial interest in a global note must rely on the procedures of DTC and, if that holder is not a participant or an indirect participant, on the procedures of the participant through which that holder owns its interest, to exercise any rights of a holder of notes under the indenture or that global note. We understand that under existing industry practice, in the event that we request any action of holders of notes, or a holder that is an owner of a beneficial interest in a global note desires to take any action that DTC, as the holder of that global note, is entitled to take, DTC would authorize the participants to take such action and the participants would authorize holders owning through those participants to take such action or would otherwise act upon the instruction of those holders. Neither we nor the trustee will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of notes by DTC, or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records of DTC relating to those new notes. Payments with respect to the principal of, and premium, if any, and interest on, any new notes represented by a global note registered in the name of DTC or its nominee on the applicable record date will be payable by the trustee to or at the direction of DTC or its nominee in its capacity as the registered holder of the global note representing the new notes under the indenture. Under the terms of the indenture, we and the trustee may treat the persons in whose names the new notes, including the global notes, are registered as the owners thereof for the purpose of receiving payment thereon and for any and all other purposes whatsoever. Accordingly, neither we nor the trustee has or will have any responsibility or liability for the payment of those amounts to owners of beneficial interests in a global note (including principal, premium, if any, liquidated damages, if any, and interest). Payments by the participants and the indirect participants to the owners of beneficial interests in a global note will be governed by standing instructions and customary industry practice and will be the responsibility of the participants or the indirect participants and DTC. Transfers between participants in DTC will be effected in accordance with DTC's procedures, and will be settled in same-day funds. Transfers between participants in Euroclear or Clearstream will be effected in the ordinary way in accordance with their respective rules and operating procedures. Cross-market transfers between the participants in DTC, on the one hand, and Euroclear or Clearstream participants, on the other hand, will be effected through DTC in accordance with DTC's rules on behalf of Euroclear or Clearstream, as the case may be, by its respective depositary; however, such cross-market transactions will require delivery of instructions to Euroclear or 107 Clearstream, as the case may be, by the counterpart in such system in accordance with the rules and procedures and within the established deadlines (Brussels time) of such system. Euroclear or Clearstream, as the case may be, will, if the transaction meets its settlement requirements, deliver instructions to its respective depositary to take action to effect final settlement on its behalf by delivering or receiving interests in the relevant global notes in DTC, and making or receiving payment in accordance with normal procedures for same-day funds settlement applicable to DTC. Euroclear participants and Clearstream participants may not deliver instructions directly to the depositaries for Euroclear or Clearstream. Because of time zone differences, the securities account of a Euroclear or Clearstream participant purchasing an interest in a global note from a participant in DTC will be credited, and any such crediting will be reported to the relevant Euroclear or Clearstream participant, during the securities settlement processing day (which must be a business day for Euroclear and Clearstream) immediately following the settlement date of DTC. Cash received in Euroclear or Clearstream as a result of sales of interests in a global note by or through a Euroclear or Clearstream participant to a participant in DTC will be received with value on the settlement date of DTC but will be available in the relevant Euroclear or Clearstream cash account only as of the business day for Euroclear or Clearstream following DTC's settlement date. Although DTC, Euroclear and Clearstream have agreed to the foregoing procedures to facilitate transfers of interests in the global notes among participants in DTC, Euroclear and Clearstream, they are under no obligation to perform or to continue to perform these procedures, and the procedures may be discontinued at any time. Neither we nor the trustee will have any responsibility for the performance by DTC, Euroclear or Clearstream or their respective participants or indirect participants of their respective obligations under the rules and procedures governing their operations. Certificated Notes If: . we notify the trustee in writing that DTC is no longer willing or able to act as a depositary or DTC ceases to be registered as a clearing agency under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and a successor depositary is not appointed within 90 days of that notice or cessation; . an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing; or . we, at our option, notify the trustee in writing that we elect to cause the issuance of notes in definitive form under the indenture, then, upon surrender by DTC of the global notes, certificated notes will be issued to each person that DTC identifies as the beneficial owner of the notes represented by the global notes. Upon any such issuance, the trustee is required to register those certificated notes in the name of that person or those persons (or the nominee of any thereof) and cause the same to be delivered thereto. Neither we nor the trustee shall be liable for any delay by DTC or any participant or indirect participant in identifying the beneficial owners of the related notes and each such person may conclusively rely on, and shall be protected in relying on, instructions from DTC for all purposes (including with respect to the registration and delivery, and the respective principal amounts, of the notes to be issued). 108 PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION This prospectus has been prepared for use by CSI in connection with offers and sales of the new notes in market-making transactions effected form time to time. CSI may act as a principal or agent in these transactions, including as agent for the counterparty when acting as principal or as agent for both parties and may receive cooperation in the form of discounts and commissions, including from both counterparties when it acts as agent for both. These sales will be made at prevailing market prices at the time of sale, at prices related thereto or at negotiated prices. We will not receive any of the proceeds of these sales. We have agreed to indemnify CSI against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, and to contribute payments which CSI might be required to make in respect thereof. See "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management" for the ownership percentages of certain classes of securities of USS Holdings, of affiliates of CSI and for a summary of the stockholders agreement governing the exercise of voting rights with respect to the election of directors and certain other material events. CSI has informed us that it does not intend to confirm sales of the new notes to any accounts over which it exercises discretionary authority without the prior specific written approval of these transactions by the customer. We have been advised by CSI that, subject to applicable laws and regulations, CSI currently intends to make a market in the new notes. However, CSI is not obligated to do so and any such market-making may be interrupted or discontinued at any time without notice. In addition, such market-making activity will be subject to the limits imposed by the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. There can be no assurance that an active trading market will develop or be sustained. See "Risk Factors--You Cannot Be Sure that an Active Trading Market Will Develop for the New Notes." LEGAL MATTERS The validity of the new notes have been passed upon for us by Winthrop, Stimson, Putnam & Roberts, New York, New York. EXPERTS The consolidated financial statements for the Company at December 31, 1998 and 1999 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1999 included in this prospectus have been so included in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent accountants, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting. The consolidated financial statements for Better Materials at December 13, 1998 and January 3, 1998 and for the period ended December 13, 1998 and for the fiscal years ended January 3, 1998 and December 28, 1996 included in this prospectus have been so included in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent accountants, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting. The combined financial statements for Commercial Stone Company and CATS as of March 31, 1999 and 1998 and for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 1999 included in this prospectus have been so included in reliance on the report of Schneider Downs & Co., Inc., independent accountants, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting. 109 INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Page ---- BETTER MINERALS & AGGREGATES COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES (formerly USS Intermediate Holdco, Inc.) Report of Independent Accountants....................................... F-2 Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 1998 and 1999............... F-3 Consolidated Statement of Operations for the years ended December 31, 1997, 1998 and 1999.................................................... F-4 Consolidated Statement of Stockholder's Equity for the years ended December 31, 1997, 1998 and 1999....................................... F-5 Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 1997, 1998 and 1999.................................................... F-6 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.............................. F-7 BETTER MATERIALS CORPORATION Report of Independent Accountants....................................... F-29 Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 13, 1998 and January 3, 1998.... F-30 Consolidated Statements of Income for the period ended December 13, 1998 and for the fiscal years ended January 3, 1998 and December 28, 1996....... F-31 Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for the period ended December 13, 1998 and for the fiscal years ended January 3, 1998 and December 28, 1996...................................................... F-32 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the period ended December 13, 1998, and for the fiscal years ended January 3, 1998 and December 28, 1996....... F-33 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.............................. F-34 COMMERCIAL STONE CO., INC. AND COMMERCIAL AGGREGATES TRANSPORTATION & SALES, L.P. (COMBINED) Independent Auditors' Report............................................ F-42 Combined Statement of Operations for the years ended March 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997.......................................................... F-43 Combined Balance Sheets as of March 31, 1999 and 1998................... F-44 Combined Statement of Changes in Owners' Equity for the years ended March 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997.......................................... F-45 Combined Statements of Cash Flow for the years ended March 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997.......................................................... F-46 Notes to Combined Financial Statements.................................. F-47 Condensed Combined Balance Sheets as of September 30, 1999 (unaudited).. F-54 Condensed Combined Statements of Operations for the (unaudited) six months ended September 30, 1999 and 1998............................... F-55 Condensed Combined Statements of Changes in Owners' Equity for the (unaudited) six months ended September 30, 1999 and 1998............... F-56 Condensed Combined Statements of Cash Flow for the (unaudited) six months ended September 30, 1999 and 1998............................... F-57 Notes to Condensed Combined Financial Statements for the (unaudited) six months ended September 30, 1999 and 1998............................... F-58
F-1 Report of Independent Accountants To the Board of Directors and Stockholder of Better Minerals & Aggregates Company: (formerly USS Intermediate Holdco, Inc.) In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholder's equity and cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Better Minerals & Aggregates Company (formerly USS Intermediate Holdco, Inc.) (the "Company") at December 31, 1998 and 1999, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1999 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management; our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States, which require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for the opinion expressed above. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP March 9, 2000 New York, New York F-2 BETTER MINERALS & AGGREGATES COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES (formerly USS Intermediate Holdco, Inc.) CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Dollars in thousands)
December 31, ------------------ 1998 1999 -------- -------- ASSETS Current: Cash and cash equivalents................................ $ 2,222 $ 13,573 Accounts receivable: Trade, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,060 and $1,278............................................ 28,964 41,658 Other.................................................. 1,382 1,060 Due from parent........................................ -- 834 Inventories.............................................. 15,844 23,058 Prepaid expenses and other current assets................ 1,378 2,018 Income tax deposit....................................... 486 1,056 Deferred income taxes.................................... 6,167 8,148 -------- -------- Total current assets................................. 56,443 91,405 Property, plant and equipment: Mining property.......................................... 81,890 263,083 Land..................................................... 22,475 28,086 Land improvements........................................ 3,501 5,005 Buildings................................................ 33,961 37,143 Machinery and equipment.................................. 88,833 143,082 Furniture and fixtures................................... 645 1,331 Construction-in-progress................................. 3,770 4,387 -------- -------- 235,075 482,117 Accumulated depletion, depreciation and amortization...... (37,198) (59,248) -------- -------- Property, plant and equipment, net................... 197,877 422,869 Other noncurrent: Goodwill and non compete agreements, net................. 12,725 19,907 Debt issuance costs...................................... 4,355 14,601 Other noncurrent assets.................................. 3,278 2,821 -------- -------- Total other noncurrent............................... 20,358 37,329 -------- -------- Total assets......................................... $274,678 $551,603 ======== ======== LIABILITIES Current: Book overdraft........................................... $ 6,254 $ 5,026 Accounts payable......................................... 13,772 16,845 Accrued liabilities...................................... 9,649 13,053 Due to parent............................................ 1,054 -- Payable to related party................................. -- 898 Accrued interest......................................... 676 7,829 Current portion of long-term debt........................ 5,530 2,039 -------- -------- Total current liabilities............................ 36,935 45,690 Noncurrent liabilities: USS Holdings, Inc. Series A warrants outstanding......... 455 -- USS Holdings, Inc. Series B warrants outstanding......... 3,325 -- Deferred income taxes.................................... 42,792 117,637 Long-term debt, net of current portion................... 131,918 285,466 Other noncurrent liabilities............................. 35,857 38,475 -------- -------- Total noncurrent liabilities......................... 214,347 441,578 Commitments and contingencies STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY Common stock, par value $.01, authorized 5,000 shares, issued 100 shares........................................ -- -- Additional paid-in capital................................ 41,491 81,377 Retained deficit.......................................... (18,011) (17,012) Accumulated other comprehensive (loss).................... (84) (30) -------- -------- Total stockholder's equity........................... 23,396 64,335 -------- -------- Total liabilities and stockholder's equity........... $274,678 $551,603 ======== ========
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements. F-3 BETTER MINERALS & AGGREGATES COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES (formerly USS Intermediate Holdco, Inc.) CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Dollars in thousands)
Years Ended December 31, ----------------------------- 1997 1998 1999 -------- --------- -------- Net sales...................................... $128,512 $ 142,294 $209,075 Cost of goods sold............................. 88,097 98,478 140,244 Depreciation, depletion and amortization....... 17,886 19,888 28,481 Selling, general and administrative............ 14,345 16,930 21,843 Incentive stock compensation expense (Note 15)........................................... -- 14,227 -- -------- --------- -------- Operating income (loss)...................... 8,184 (7,229) 18,507 Interest expense............................... 10,513 10,269 19,590 Accretion of preferred stock warrants.......... 1,374 1,254 56 Other income net, including interest income.... (1,742) (1,881) (2,171) -------- --------- -------- (Loss) income before income taxes............ (1,961) (16,871) 1,032 Provision (Benefit) for income taxes........... (2,239) (2,204) (2,714) -------- --------- -------- Net income (loss) before extraordinary loss.. 278 (14,667) 3,746 Extraordinary loss (less applicable income taxes of $0, $713 and $1,752) (Note 7)........ -- (2,102) (2,747) -------- --------- -------- Net income (loss)............................ $ 278 $ (16,769) $ 999 ======== ========= ========
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements. F-4 BETTER MINERALS & AGGREGATES COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES (formerly USS Intermediate Holdco, Inc.) CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY (Dollars in thousands)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income --------------------------- Additional Foreign Minimum Total Common Paid-In Retained Currency Pension Stockholder's Stock Capital Deficit Translation Liability Total Equity ------ ---------- -------- ----------- --------- ----- ------------- Balance, December 31, 1996................... $ $24,275 $ (1,520) $ $ $ $ 22,755 Net income.............. 278 278 Accretion of mandatory redeemable preferred stock.................. (847) (847) Retirement of mandatory redeemable preferred stock.................. 3,836 3,836 ---- ------- -------- ----- ---- ---- -------- Balance, December 31, 1997................... 27,264 (1,242) 26,022 Comprehensive income, net of income taxes: Net (loss)............. (16,769) (16,769) Foreign currency translation........... (44) (44) (44) Minimum pension liability............. (40) (40) (40) -------- Total comprehensive (loss).............. (16,853) Issuance of incentive stock.................. 14,227 14,227 ---- ------- -------- ----- ---- ---- -------- Balance, December 31, 1998................... 41,491 (18,011) (44) (40) (84) 23,396 Comprehensive income, net of income taxes: Net income............. 999 999 Foreign currency translation........... 14 14 14 Minimum pension liability............. 40 40 40 -------- Total comprehensive income.............. 1,053 Capital contributed by parent................. 39,886 39,886 ---- ------- -------- ----- ---- ---- -------- Balance, December 31, 1999................... $ $81,377 $(17,012) $ (30) $-- $(30) $ 64,335 ==== ======= ======== ===== ==== ==== ========
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements. F-5 BETTER MINERALS & AGGREGATES COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES (formerly USS Intermediate Holdco, Inc.) CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Dollars in thousands)
Years Ended December 31, ------------------------------ 1997 1998 1999 -------- --------- --------- Cash flows from operating activities: Net income (loss)............................. $ 278 $ (16,769) $ 999 Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to cash flows from operations: Depreciation.................................. 11,688 13,012 17,950 Depletion..................................... 929 1,108 4,111 Non compete agreements amortization........... 5,000 5,593 5,713 Accretion of preferred stock warrants......... 1,374 1,254 56 Debt issuance amortization.................... 1,540 1,237 1,148 Extraordinary loss............................ -- 2,815 4,499 Incentive stock compensation.................. -- 14,227 -- Deferred income taxes......................... (3,363) (3,380) (6,962) Disposal of property, plant and equipment loss (gain).................................. 10 (208) (165) Other......................................... 2,634 1,712 1,806 Changes in current assets and liabilities, net of the effects from acquired companies: Trade receivables............................ (3,136) 1,429 (360) Non-trade receivables........................ 548 (949) 563 Receivable from parent....................... 218 922 (838) Payable to related party..................... -- -- 898 Inventories.................................. 348 (256) (1,250) Prepaid expenses and other current assets.... 161 (103) (668) Accounts payable and accrued liabilities..... (2,075) (3,618) (4,565) Accrued interest............................. (153) (753) 7,153 Income taxes................................. -- (1,921) (569) -------- --------- --------- Net cash provided by operating activities... 16,001 15,352 29,519 Cash flows from investing activities: Capital expenditures.......................... (5,537) (9,399) (14,572) Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment.................................... 289 362 1,310 Purchase of non compete agreements............ -- (2,796) -- Purchases of businesses, net of cash ac- quired....................................... -- (54,752) (172,379) -------- --------- --------- Net cash used for investing activities...... (5,248) (66,585) (185,641) Cash flows from financing activities: Change in book overdraft...................... 682 3,930 (1,402) Issuance of long-term debt.................... -- 136,382 325,006 Repayment of long-term debt................... (6,987) (84,370) (169,205) Change in Working Capital Facility............ -- -- (6,100) Principal payments on capital lease obliga- tions........................................ -- (24) (44) Prepayment penalties.......................... -- (1,255) -- Financing fees................................ -- (1,550) (15,796) Redemption of mandatory redeemable preferred stock........................................ (5,000) -- -- Capital contributed by parent................. -- -- 35,000 -------- --------- --------- Net cash (used for) provided by financing activities................................. (11,305) 53,113 167,459 Effect of exchange rate on cash................ -- (60) 14 -------- --------- --------- Net (decrease) increase in cash............. (552) 1,820 11,351 Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of peri- od............................................ 954 402 2,222 -------- --------- --------- Cash and cash equivalents, ending of period.... $ 402 $ 2,222 $ 13,573 ======== ========= ========= Schedule of noncash investing and financing ac- tivities: Redemption of Mandatory Redeemable Series C Preferred Stock of Holdings.................. $ 3,836 $ -- $ -- ======== ========= ========= Assets acquired by assuming notes payable and capital lease obligations.................... $ 1,111 $ 1,058 $ -- ======== ========= ========= Forgiveness of Series A and B Preferred Stock warrants of Holdings......................... $ -- $ -- $ 3,836 ======== ========= ========= Forgiveness of payable to parent.............. $ -- $ -- $ 1,050 ======== ========= ========= Cash paid during the year for: Interest...................................... $ 8,731 $ 9,269 $ 10,925 ======== ========= ========= Income taxes.................................. $ 1,175 $ 2,393 $ 3,232 ======== ========= =========
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements. F-6 BETTER MINERALS & AGGREGATES COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES (formerly USS Intermediate Holdco, Inc.) NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 1. Organization Better Minerals & Aggregates Company (formerly USS Intermediate Holdco, Inc.) (the "Company"), an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of USS Holdings, Inc. ("Holdings") was organized in January 1996. BMAC Holdings, Inc. ("BMAC Holdings"), a wholly owned subsidiary of Holdings, is the direct parent of the Company. On February 9, 1996, the Company purchased from U.S. Borax Inc. ("Borax"), an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the RTZ Corporation PLC, 100% of the common stock of U.S. Silica Company ("U.S. Silica"). On December 14, 1998 and July 24, 1998, U.S. Silica acquired Better Materials Corporation and George F. Pettinos, Inc., respectively (Note 3). On April 8, 1999, U.S. Silica acquired the assets of five New Jersey-based operations owned by Unimin Corporation (Note 3). On October 1, 1999, the Company acquired Commercial Stone Co., Inc. and Commercial Aggregates Transportation and Sales, L.P. and their related quarry properties (Note 3). Commercial Stone Co., Inc. and Commercial Aggregates Transportation and Sales, L.P. and their related quarry properties are collectively referred to in the notes to the financial statements as "Commercial Stone." The Company and its subsidiaries are collectively referred to as the "Company" in the accompanying financial statements and footnotes. 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies a. Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its direct and indirect wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. b. Reclassifications Certain prior years' amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current year's presentation. c. Use of Estimates and Assumptions The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. d. Cash and Cash Equivalents All highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less are considered cash equivalents. e. Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out and average cost methods. F-7 BETTER MINERALS & AGGREGATES COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES (formerly USS Intermediate Holdco, Inc.) NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) f. Revenue Recognition Revenue is recorded when legal title passes at the time of shipment to the customer. g. Deferred Financing Costs Deferred financing costs consist of loan origination costs, which are being amortized over the term of the related debt principal. Amortization included in interest expense for each of the three years ended December 31, 1997, 1998 and 1999 totaled approximately $1.3 million, $1.0 million and $1.1 million, respectively. h. Depreciable Properties Depreciable properties, mining properties and mineral deposits acquired in connection with the acquisitions of U.S. Silica, George F. Pettinos, Inc., Better Materials Corporation, the Morie Assets and Commercial Stone are recorded at fair market value as of the date of acquisition. Additions and improvements occuring through the normal course of business are capitalized at cost. Upon retirement or disposal of assets, other than those of U.S. Silica acquired on February 9, 1996, the cost and accumulated depreciation or amortization are eliminated from the accounts and any gain or loss is reflected in the statement of operations. Group asset accounting is utilized for the U.S. Silica assets acquired on February 9, 1996. Gains and losses on normal retirements or dispositions of these assets are excluded from net income and proceeds for dispositions are recorded as a reduction of the acquired cost. Expenditures for normal repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Construction-in-progress is primarily comprised of machinery and equipment which has not yet been placed in service. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, ranging from 3 to 15 years. Depletion and amortization of mineral deposits are provided as the minerals are extracted, based on units of production and engineering estimates of total reserves. i. Mine Exploration and Development Costs to develop new mining properties are deferred and amortized based on units of production. j. Mine Reclamation Costs The estimated net future costs of dismantling, restoring and reclaiming operating mines and related mine sites, in accordance with federal, state and local regulatory requirements, are accrued during operations. The provision is made based upon units of production and estimatable minable reserves as of the balance sheet date. The effect of changes in estimated costs, production, and minable reserves is recognized on a prospective basis. k. Intangible Assets The Company's intangible assets include goodwill and non-compete agreements. At December 31, 1999, the net book value of goodwill associated with the acquisitions of Commercial Stone and F-8 BETTER MINERALS & AGGREGATES COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES (formerly USS Intermediate Holdco, Inc.) NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) the Morie Assets approximated $12.8 million. Goodwill is amortized on a straight-line basis over fifteen years. On February 9, 1996, U.S. Silica signed a five-year non-compete agreement with RTZ America, Inc., an affiliate of Borax. During 1998, U.S. Silica entered into additional non-compete agreements with the sellers of Nicks Silica Company and George F. Pettinos, Inc. At December 31, 1998 and 1999, the aggregate net book value of these non-compete agreements approximated $12.7 million and $7.1 million, respectively. The costs of these agreements are being amortized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the agreements, which range from three to five years. The Company periodically evaluates the recoverability of its goodwill and measures any impairment by comparison to estimated undiscounted cash flows from future operations. l. Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes pursuant to the provisions under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 109, "Accounting for Income Taxes", which requires recognition of deferred tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred tax liabilities and assets are determined based upon the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the expenses are expected to reverse. The Company is included in the consolidated federal tax return of Holdings. The tax provision (benefit) included in the accompanying financial statements has been computed on a separate return basis. m. Concentration of Credit Risk The five largest customers accounted for approximately 30% of net product sales and one customer accounted for more than 10% of net product sales of the Company for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 1998. The Company's five largest customers accounted for approximately 20% of net product sales for the year ended December 31, 1999. Management believes it maintains adequate reserves for potential credit losses; ongoing credit evaluations are performed and collateral is generally not required. n. Financial Instruments The Company uses interest rate swap and cap agreements to manage interest costs and the risk associated with changing interest rates. Amounts to be paid or received under interest rate swap agreements are accrued as interest rates change and are recognized over the life of the swap agreements as an adjustment to interest expense. The Company's practice is to not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. When entered into, these financial instruments are designated as hedges of underlying exposures, associated with the Company's long-term debt, and are monitored to determine if they remain effective hedges. The fair value of the interest rate agreements and changes in these fair values as a result of changes in market interest rates are not recognized in the consolidated financial statements. o. Environmental Costs Environmental costs, other than qualifying capital expenditures, are accrued at the time the exposure becomes known and costs can be reasonably estimated. Costs are accrued based upon F-9 BETTER MINERALS & AGGREGATES COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES (formerly USS Intermediate Holdco, Inc.) NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) management's estimates of all direct costs, after taking into account expected reimbursement by third parties (primarily the sellers of acquired businesses), and are reviewed by outside consultants. Environmental costs are charged to expense unless a settlement with an indemnifying party has been reached. p. Comprehensive Income The Company adopted SFAS No. 130 "Reporting of Comprehensive Income" in 1998. Comprehensive income is defined as the change in equity from transactions and other events from nonowner sources and consists of net income and other comprehensive income. SFAS No. 130 requires foreign currency translation adjustments and minimum pension liability adjustments to be included in other comprehensive income. The Company had no items of other comprehensive income in periods prior to January 1, 1998. q. Impact of Recent Accounting Standards In June 1998, SFAS No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities", was issued. SFAS No. 133 requires that all derivatives be recognized as either assets or liabilities in the statement of financial position and measured at fair value. SFAS No. 133, as amended by SFAS No. 137, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities--Deferral of the Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 133, an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133", is effective for fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2000. The Company has not yet determined the impact that adoption or subsequent application of SFAS No. 133 will have on its financial position or results of operations. 3. Acquisitions On October 1, 1999, the Company acquired Commercial Stone for total consideration of $139.0 million in cash, $8.0 million of which was placed in escrow to satisfy any future indemnity claims the Company may have against the sellers. The Company financed the acquisition through the issuance of $150.0 million Senior Subordinated Notes and the refinancing of its existing Senior Debt by entering into new Senior Secured Credit Facilities (Note 6). The acquisition was accounted for as a purchase and the purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on fair values at the date of acquisition. Approximately $175.9 million, inclusive of deferred income taxes of $76.0 million, has been allocated to mineral reserves and is being amortized based on production. The allocation of the purchase price was as follows:
(In thousands) -------------- Working capital, other than cash........................... $ 7,443 Property, plant and equipment.............................. 27,207 Goodwill................................................... 7,403 Mineral reserves........................................... 175,856 Other assets............................................... 1,739 Other liabilities.......................................... (818) Deferred income taxes...................................... (79,830) -------- Purchase price, net of cash received..................... $139,000 ========
F-10 BETTER MINERALS & AGGREGATES COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES (formerly USS Intermediate Holdco, Inc.) NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) On April 8, 1999, U.S. Silica acquired the assets of five New Jersey-based operations formerly owned by the Morie Company and owned at the time by Unimin Corporation (the "Morie Assets") for total consideration of $33.4 million. Also on April 8, 1999, U.S. Silica amended its $155.0 million Credit Agreement to add a $35.0 million dollar Senior Term C Facility (Note 6). The purchase price was financed with proceeds from the addition of the Senior Term C Facility. The acquisition was accounted for as a purchase and the purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values at the date of acquisition. Approximately $11.1 million has been allocated to mineral reserves and is being amortized based on production. The allocation of the purchase price was as follows:
(In thousands) -------------- Working capital, other than cash........................... $ 1,569 Property, plant and equipment.............................. 15,102 Goodwill................................................... 5,844 Mineral reserves........................................... 11,053 Other liabilities.......................................... (308) Deferred income taxes...................................... 120 ------- Purchase price, net of cash received..................... $33,380 =======
On December 14, 1998, BMC Acquisition Company, a wholly owned subsidiary of U.S. Silica, acquired the stock of Better Materials Corporation, for total consideration of $40.6 million. Immediately upon closing, BMC Acquisition Corporation merged with and into Better Materials Corporation, with Better Materials Corporation as the surviving corporation. The purchase price was financed with cash and available borrowings under U.S. Silica's $155.0 million Credit Agreement's Acquisition and Working Capital Facilities (Note 6). The acquisition was accounted for as a purchase and the purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values at the date of acquisition. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired of approximately $43.3 million, inclusive of deferred income taxes of $20.1 million, has been allocated to mineral reserves and is being amortized based on production. The allocation of the purchase price was as follows:
(In thousands) -------------- Working capital, other than cash........................... $ 708 Property, plant and equipment.............................. 17,206 Mineral reserves........................................... 43,266 Other liabilities.......................................... (2,445) Deferred income taxes...................................... (20,331) -------- Purchase price, net of cash received..................... $ 38,404 ========
On July 24, 1998, GFP Acquisition Corp., a wholly owned subsidiary of U.S. Silica, acquired George F. Pettinos, Inc. for total consideration of $14.9 million including a covenant not to compete for $1.1 million. Immediately upon closing, GFP Acquisition Corp. merged with and into George F. Pettinos, Inc., with George F. Pettinos, Inc. as the surviving corporation. The purchase price was financed with proceeds from U.S. Silica's $155.0 million Credit Agreement (Note 6). The acquisition was accounted for as a purchase and the purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values at the date of acquisition. The excess of the purchase F-11 BETTER MINERALS & AGGREGATES COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES (formerly USS Intermediate Holdco, Inc.) NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) price over the fair value of the net assets acquired of approximately $14.5 million, inclusive of deferred income taxes of $5.3 million, has been allocated to mineral reserves and is being amortized based on production. The allocation of the purchase price was as follows:
(In thousands) -------------- Working capital, other than cash........................... $ 1,162 Property, plant and equipment.............................. 3,234 Mineral reserves........................................... 14,531 Other assets............................................... 601 Other liabilities.......................................... (1,252) Deferred income taxes...................................... (5,490) ------- Purchase price, net of cash received..................... $12,786 =======
On January 16, 1998, U.S. Silica acquired certain assets of Nicks Silica Company for total consideration of approximately $5.8 million including a covenant not to compete for $1.3 million and a consulting agreement for $417,000. The purchase price was financed with both cash and notes payable to the sellers. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the assets acquired of $607,000 has been allocated to mineral reserves and is being amortized based on production. The following unaudited proforma consolidated results of operations have been prepared as if the acquisitions of Better Materials Corporation and George F. Pettinos, Inc. had occurred as of the beginning of 1997, and reflect proforma adjustments for the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired, interest expense and tax expense:
For the Year Ended December 31, 1997 ------------------------------ Company Acquisitions Total -------- ------------ -------- (In thousands) Net sales.................................. $128,512 $ 39,602 $168,114 ======== ======== ======== Net income (loss) before extraordinary loss...................................... $ 278 $ (1,388) $ (1,110) ======== ======== ======== Net income (loss).......................... $ 278 $ (1,388) $ (1,110) ======== ======== ========
The following unaudited proforma consolidated results of operations have been prepared as if the acquisitions of Commercial Stone, the Morie Assets, Better Materials Corporation and George F. Pettinos, Inc. had occurred as of the beginning of the periods presented, and reflect proforma adjustments for the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired, salaries, mining royalties, interest expense and tax expense (the proforma effects of the acquisition of Nicks Silica Company has been excluded due to immateriality):
For the Year Ended December 31, 1998 ------------------------------------------------ Commercial Company Stone Acquisitions (2) Total --------- ---------- ---------------- --------- (In thousands) Net sales................... $ 142,294 $ 41,953 $52,240 $ 236,487 ========= ======== ======= ========= Net income (loss) before extraordinary loss......... $ (14,667) $ (6,016) $ 512 $ (20,171) ========= ======== ======= ========= Net income (loss) (1)....... $ (16,769) $ (6,016) $ 512 $ (22,273) ========= ======== ======= =========
F-12 BETTER MINERALS & AGGREGATES COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES (formerly USS Intermediate Holdco, Inc.) NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
For the Year Ended December 31, 1999 ------------------------------------ Commercial Morie Company Stone Assets Total -------- ---------- ------ -------- (In thousands) Net sales............................... $209,075 $ 35,430 $3,548 $248,053 ======== ======== ====== ======== Net income (loss) before extraordinary loss................................... $ 3,746 $ (4,212) $ (557) $ (1,023) ======== ======== ====== ======== Net income (loss) (1)................... $ 999 $ (4,212) $ (557) $ (3,770) ======== ======== ====== ========
- -------- (1) The Company recorded after-tax charges of $2.1 million and $2.7 million associated with the early extinguishment of U.S. Silica's Senior and Subordinated Debt during 1998 and 1999, respectively. These after-tax charges are reflected within the Company's historical results of operations. (2) Amounts include the Morie Assets, Better Materials Corporation and George F. Pettinos, Inc. The proforma consolidated results do not purport to be indicative of results that would have occurred had the acquisitions been in effect for the periods presented, nor do they purport to be indicative of the results that will be obtained in the future. 4. Inventories At December 31, 1998 and 1999, inventory consisted of the following:
1998 1999 ------- ------- (In thousands) Supplies (net of $222 and $38 obsolescence reserve)..... $ 8,112 $11,171 Raw materials and work in process....................... 2,804 6,165 Finished goods.......................................... 4,928 5,722 ------- ------- $15,844 $23,058 ======= =======
5. Lease Commitments The Company is obligated under certain operating leases for railroad cars (which principally expire during 2000), mining property, mining/processing equipment, office space and transportation and other equipment. Certain of these agreements include options to purchase the equipment for fair market value at the end of the original lease term. Future minimum annual commitments under such leases at December 31, 1999 are as follows:
Year Ending December 31, ------------------------ (In thousands) 2000.................................... $1,913 2001.................................... 1,266 2002.................................... 452 2003.................................... 233 2004.................................... 136 Thereafter.............................. 132 ------ $4,132 ======
F-13 BETTER MINERALS & AGGREGATES COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES (formerly USS Intermediate Holdco, Inc.) NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) Rental expense for operating leases for each of the three years ended December 31, 1997, 1998 and 1999 totaled approximately $461,000, $942,000 and $2.0 million, respectfully. In general, the above leases include renewal options and provide that the Company pay for all utilities, insurance, taxes and maintenance. 6. Long-Term Debt At December 31, 1998 and 1999, long-term debt consisted of the following:
1998 1999 (In thousands) -------- -------- Senior Secured Credit Facilities Tranche A Term Loan Facility (final maturity September 30, 2005)..................................................... $ -- $ 39,057 Tranche B Term Loan Facility (final maturity September 30, 2007)..................................................... -- 94,750 Canadian Term Facility (final maturity September 30, 2005)..................................................... -- 2,043 Senior Subordinated Notes (final maturity September 15, 2009)....................................................... -- 150,000 Senior Debt Senior Term A Facility (final maturity June 30, 2004)...... 30,000 -- Senior Term B Facility (final maturity June 30, 2006)...... 66,800 -- Canadian Facility (final maturity June 30, 2006)........... 3,134 -- Acquisition Facility (final maturity June 30, 2004)........ 30,000 -- Working Capital Facility (final maturity June 30, 2004).... 6,100 -- Secured Note (due December 31, 2001)......................... 203 141 Mortgage Notes 0% Note, imputed at 9.75% (due June 30, 1999).............. 143 -- 0% Note, imputed at 10.0% (due January 16, 2008)........... 1,068 1,162 8.5% Note (due July 1, 2003)............................... -- 65 7.0% Note (due July 31, 2004).............................. -- 287 -------- -------- 137,448 287,505 Less, current portion...................................... 5,530 2,039 -------- -------- $131,918 $285,466 ======== ========
At December 31, 1999, contractual maturities of long-term debt are as follows:
(In thousands) -------------- 2000.................................................... $ 2,039 2001.................................................... 9,389 2002.................................................... 11,038 2003.................................................... 11,039 2004.................................................... 11,185 Thereafter.............................................. 242,815 -------- $287,505 ========
F-14 BETTER MINERALS & AGGREGATES COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES (formerly USS Intermediate Holdco, Inc.) NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) Debt Agreements On September 30, 1999, the Company entered into a new $230.0 million Credit Agreement (the "Agreement"), which consists of a $50.0 million revolving credit facility (the "Revolving Credit Facility"), a $45.0 million Tranche A Term Loan Facility ("Term A Loan"), a $95.0 million Tranche B Term Loan Facility ("Term B Loan") and a $40.0 million term loan acquisition facility (the "Acquisition Term Loan Facility"). The Term A Loan included a tranche of loans denominated in Canadian dollars ("Canadian Term Facility") equal to $2.0 million, which was borrowed by George F. Pettinos (Canada) Limited, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. The Revolving Credit Facility, Term A Loan, Term B Loan, Acquisition Term Loan Facility and the Canadian Term Facility are collectively referred to in the notes to the financial statements as the "Senior Secured Credit Facilities." In addition, on October 1, 1999 the Company issued $150.0 million of Senior Subordinated Notes. Pursuant to an Exchange and Registration Rights Agreement, the Company has agreed to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission a registration statement which would allow for the exchange of the Company's Senior Subordinated Notes for registered notes having substantially the same terms. The proceeds from the Senior Secured Credit Facilities and the Senior Subordinated Notes were primarily used to pay off the outstanding Senior Debt and to finance the acquisition of Commercial Stone. Under the Agreement, the Company has available, until September 30, 2005, the Revolving Credit Facility, which provides for the borrowings of up to $50.0 million with a sublimit of $12.0 million for letters of credit and a sublimit of $3.0 million for swingline loans. The borrowing capacity of the Revolving Credit Facility is reduced by outstanding letters of credit and swingline loans. At December 31, 1999, outstanding letters of credit totaled $9.2 million. There were no borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility or the swingline loans at December 31, 1999. In addition, there were no borrowings under the Acquisition Term Loan Facility at December 31, 1999. Except for the Canadian Term Facility, borrowings under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities bear variable interest at the Company's option at either (1) the bank's base rate plus a margin percentage, ranging from 1.00% to 2.50% or (2) the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") plus a margin percentage, ranging from 2.00% to 3.50%. Borrowings under the Canadian Term Facility bear interest at a bank's base rate plus a margin percentage ranging from 1.50% to 2.50%. Commitment fees, ranging from .375% to .75%, on the average daily unused Revolving Credit Facility and the unused Acquisition Term Loan Facility are payable quarterly. Letter of credit fees are also payable quarterly based upon the average daily balance of all letters of credit outstanding. The Senior Subordinated Notes bear interest at a rate of 13% per annum, payable semi- annually. The obligations of the Company under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities are unconditionally and irrevocably guaranteed, jointly and severally, by BMAC Holdings and each of the Company's direct or indirect domestic subsidiaries. BMAC Holdings has no operations or assets other than its investment in its subsidiaries. In addition, the Senior Secured Credit Facilities are secured by a first priority pledge of (i) all the capital stock of BMAC Holdings, the Company, each of the Company's direct or indirect domestic subsidiaries and 65% of the capital stock of each direct foreign subsidiary of the Company or any of its domestic subsidiaries and (ii) substantially all of the tangible and intangible assets held by BMAC Holdings, the Company and each of the Company's direct or indirect domestic subsidiaries. The Canadian Term Facility is collateralized by substantially all of the assets of George F. Pettinos (Canada) Limited. F-15 BETTER MINERALS & AGGREGATES COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES (formerly USS Intermediate Holdco, Inc.) NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) The Agreement described above contains various restrictive covenants that, among other things, limits the ability of BMAC Holdings to engage in certain transactions with affiliates, incur additional indebtedness, repay other indebtedness or amend other debt instruments, create liens on assets, make investments or acquisitions, engage in mergers or consolidations, dispose of assets, or pay dividends. In addition, the Agreement requires BMAC Holdings to maintain certain financial convenants, including a leverage ratio, an interest coverage ratio and a capital expenditures covenant. Covenants associated with the Senior Subordinated Notes are generally less restrictive than those of the Senior Secured Credit Facilities. BMAC Holdings and the Company were in compliance with all financial covenants at December 31, 1999. The obligation of the Company under the Senior Subordinated Notes is unconditionally and irrevocably guaranteed, jointly and severally, on an unsecured senior subordinated basis to the Company's Senior Secured Credit Facilities, by each of the Company's domestic subsidiaries. The Senior Subordinated Notes are not guaranteed by the Company's two Canadian subsidiaries. On July 21, 1998, U.S. Silica entered into a $155.0 million Credit Agreement, which consisted of a $30.0 million Senior Secured Term Loan ("Senior Term A"), a $66.8 million Senior Secured Term Loan ("Senior Term B"), a $30.0 million Acquisition Facility, a $25.0 million Working Capital Facility and a $3.2 million Canadian Facility. The proceeds from this agreement were primarily used to satisfy the existing Senior and Subordinated Debt and to finance the acquisition of George F. Pettinos, Inc. Outstanding letters of credit and borrowings under the Working Capital Facility approximated $5.4 million and $6.1 million, respectively, at December 31, 1998. On April 8, 1999, U.S. Silica amended the $155.0 million Credit Agreement to add a $35.0 million Senior Secured Term Loan ("Senior Term C"). The proceeds from the Senior Term C Facility were primarily used to finance the acquisition of the Morie Assets during April 1999. At December 31, 1998 and 1999, the carrying value approximated the fair value of the Company's long-term debt. Warrants Warrants to purchase 41,667 shares of Series A Preferred Stock ("Series A warrants") and 83,334 shares of Series B Preferred Stock ("Series B warrants") of the Company's ultimate parent, Holdings, were issued to holders of Subordinated Debt as part of a Note Purchase Agreement dated February 9, 1996. The Series A warrants and Series B warrants are exercisable at any time until December 19, 2005 at an exercise price of $.01 per share or less as defined by the warrant issuance agreement. The holder of the warrants has the right to require Holdings to purchase any and all of the warrants and shares subject to the warrants at fair value in cash after December 19, 2001 and prior to a "liquidity event" which is defined as the sale or liquidation of Holdings or the consummation of a public offering. Holdings may call all of the outstanding warrants and shares subject to warrants after December 19, 2002, subject to approval of the holders of the senior debt. Fair value is defined as the liquidation preference value of $7.78 per share (plus all accrued and unpaid dividends thereon) for the Series A warrants and the common equity value per share as determined by the Board of Directors for the Series B warrants. The accretion of the Series A warrants and the Series B warrants to fair value is accounted for by charges to earnings. The holders of the Series A warrants and the F-16 BETTER MINERALS & AGGREGATES COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES (formerly USS Intermediate Holdco, Inc.) NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) Series B warrants are entitled to dividends as if they had held underlying shares from February 9, 1996. Effective December 31, 1999, Holdings agreed to forgive the Company and its subsidiaries for the obligation associated with the Series A warrants and the Series B warrants. The forgiveness of the obligation resulted in a credit to additional paid-in capital of approximately $3.8 million during the year ended December 31, 1999. 7. Extraordinary Items The Company recorded an extraordinary after-tax charge of $2.1 million during the year ended December 31, 1998 in connection with the early extinguishment of U.S. Silica's Subordinated Debt. The extraordinary loss of $2.8 million (before an income tax benefit of $713,000) consisted of the Subordinated Debt's discount, prepayment penalties and the write-off of related unamortized debt issuance costs of approximately $983,000, $1.3 million and $577,000, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 1999, the Company recorded an extraordinary after-tax charge of $2.7 million in connection with the early extinguishment of U.S. Silica's outstanding Senior Debt under its $155.0 million Credit Agreement. The extraordinary loss of $4.5 million (before an income tax benefit of $1.8 million) consisted of the write-off of related unamortized debt issuance costs. 8. Financial Instruments Interest rate swap and cap agreements are utilized in the normal course of business to manage the Company's interest costs and the risk associated with changing interest rates. Interest rate swap agreements are used to exchange the difference between fixed and variable-rate interest amounts calculated by reference to an agreed-upon notional principal amount. In addition, the Company utilizes interest rate cap agreements to limit the impact of increases in interest rates on its floating rate debt. Interest rate cap agreements entitle the Company to receive from the counterparties the amounts, if any, by which the selected market interest rates exceed the strike rates stated per the agreements. The Company does not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. By their nature, all such instruments involve risk, including the possibility that a loss may occur from the failure of another party to perform according to the terms of a contract (credit risk) or the possibility that future changes in market price may make a financial instrument less valuable or more onerous (market risk). As is customary for these types of instruments, the Company does not require collateral or other security from other parties to these instruments. In management's opinion there is no significant risk of loss in the event of nonperformance of the counterparties to these financial instruments. The fair value of the interest rate agreements represents the estimated receipts or payments that would be required to settle the agreements at year- end. Quoted market prices were used to estimate the fair values of the interest rate swap and cap agreements. The notional amount represents agreed upon amounts on which calculations of dollars to be exchanged are based. They do not represent amounts exchanged by the parties and, therefore, are not a measure of the Company's exposure. The Company's credit exposure is limited to the fair value of the contracts with a positive fair value plus interest receivable, if any, at the reporting date. F-17 BETTER MINERALS & AGGREGATES COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES (formerly USS Intermediate Holdco, Inc.) NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
December 31, 1998 December 31, 1999 --------------------------- -------------------------- Contract/ Contract/ Maturity Notional Carrying Fair Notional Carrying Fair Date Amount Amount Value Amount Amount Value -------- --------- -------- ------ --------- -------- ----- (In thousands) Derivatives Interest rate swap agreements.. 1999 $55,000 $ 11 $ (32) 2001 $30,000(1) $ -- $ (509) $30,000(1) $ -- $389 Interest rate cap agreements... 2001 $30,000(2) $ -- $ (49) $30,000(2) $ -- $ 83 2002 $21,000(2) $ 99 $256
- -------- (1) Agreement effectively exchanges the LIBOR floating interest rate for a fixed interest rate of 5.74%. (2) Agreement limits the LIBOR floating interest rate to 6.50%. 9. Mandatory Redeemable Preferred Stock At December 31, 1998 and 1999, there were no shares of Preferred Stock authorized, issued or outstanding. In connection with the acquisition of U.S. Silica, Mandatory Redeemable Series C Preferred Stock of Holdings was issued to Borax. The Company issued Mandatory Redeemable Preferred Stock in exchange for Holdings' Mandatory Redeemable Preferred Stock, the terms of which were identical. The Preferred Stock was mandatorily redeemable at $1,000.00 per share on February 9, 2006 and had an optional redemption value of $500.00 per share at issuance which accreted at a rate of 7.18% per annum. The Preferred Stock issued by the Company was accounted for at its fair market value at the time of issuance which was determined to be $7.3 million. The difference between the fair market value and the mandatory redemption value of $10.0 million was accreted ratably over a ten year period by charges to additional paid-in capital for the period beginning February 9, 1996. On December 18, 1997, the Company redeemed the Preferred Stock for $5.0 million. As consideration, the Company agreed to release Borax from certain indemnifications pursuant to the Stock Purchase Agreement between Borax and the Company by waiving all claims and releasing Borax from all obligations arising out of certain environmental and product liability matters (each, as defined) and indemnifying and holding harmless Borax in respect of all claims arising out of such products liability matters. The excess of the carrying value of the Preferred Stock over the redemption payment was credited to additional paid-in capital. 10. Commitments and Contingencies The Company and its subsidiaries are involved in legal proceedings, claims and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. Management believes, through discussions with counsel that its liability arising from or the resolution of these legal proceedings, claims and litigation, in the aggregate will not have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows of the Company. U.S. Silica is self-insured for product liability insurance as it relates to occupational disease. In addition, U.S. Silica is self-insured for health care costs and, in some states, workers' compensation. The Company provides for estimated future losses based on reported cases and past claim history. Management believes that the provision for estimated future losses is adequate. F-18 BETTER MINERALS & AGGREGATES COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES (formerly USS Intermediate Holdco, Inc.) NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) Certain product liability claims related to occupational disease are indemnified by ITT Corporation under an agreement whereby claims presented with an exposure period prior to September 12, 1985 are shared ratably based on the claimant's total exposure period. The indemnity is subject to a cumulative annual deductible and expires September 12, 2005. 11. Income Taxes The provision (benefit) for income taxes consisted of the following for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1999:
1997 1998 1999 (In thousands) -------- -------- -------- Current: Federal..................................... $ 1,730 $ 375 $ -- State....................................... 6 39 378 Foreign..................................... -- 23 180 -------- -------- -------- 1,736 437 558 Deferred: Federal..................................... (3,638) (2,819) (4,307) State....................................... (337) (439) (642) Foreign..................................... -- (96) (75) -------- -------- -------- (3,975) (3,354) (5,024) -------- -------- -------- Tax effect of extraordinary items............. -- 713 1,752 -------- -------- -------- Benefit for income taxes.................... $ (2,239) $ (2,204) $ (2,714) ======== ======== ========
F-19 BETTER MINERALS & AGGREGATES COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES (formerly USS Intermediate Holdco, Inc.) NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) Under SFAS No. 109, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax effects, based on enacted tax laws, of temporary differences between the values of assets and liabilities recorded for financial reporting and for tax purposes and of net operating loss and other carryforwards. The tax effects of the types of temporary differences and carryforwards that gave rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 1998 and 1999, consisted of the following:
1998 1999 -------- --------- (In thousands) Gross deferred tax liabilities Land and mineral property basis difference.............. $(36,927) $(116,743) Fixed assets and depreciation........................... (26,969) (31,971) Restricted stock vesting................................ (371) (525) Debt fee amortization................................... (815) -- Other................................................... (3,280) (7,025) -------- --------- Total deferred tax liabilities...................... (68,362) (156,264) -------- --------- Gross deferred tax assets Royalty................................................. -- 2,025 Post retirement benefit costs........................... 8,208 8,100 Reserves for self-insurance............................. 2,729 2,652 Plant closure liability................................. 2,334 2,762 State deferred tax...................................... 2,832 9,369 Covenants not to compete................................ 4,087 5,618 Alternative minimum tax................................. 3,397 5,483 Reserves for vacation................................... 790 910 Pensions................................................ 1,695 2,100 Inventories............................................. 422 535 Net operating loss carryforward......................... 2,695 4,605 Bad debts............................................... 450 496 Reclamation............................................. 851 1,032 Other................................................... 1,247 1,088 -------- --------- Total deferred tax assets........................... 31,737 46,775 -------- --------- Net deferred tax liabilities........................ (36,625) (109,489) Less net current deferred tax assets.................. (6,167) (8,148) -------- --------- Net long-term deferred tax liabilities.................. $(42,792) $(117,637) ======== =========
At December 31, 1998 and 1999, the Company had a federal net operating loss carryforward ("NOL") of $5.9 million and $11.1 million, respectively, which begins to expire in 2011. The Company believes that it is more likely than not that the NOL carryforward will be utilized prior to its expiration. The NOL carryforward and existing deductible temporary differences are offset by existing taxable temporary differences reversing within the carryforward period. In addition, the Company has an alternative minimum tax credit carryforward at December 31, 1998 and 1999, of approximately $3.4 million and $5.5 million, respectively. The credit carryforward may be carried forward indefinitely to offset any excess of regular tax liability over alternative minimum tax liability subject to certain limitations. This alternative minimum tax credit carryforward has been reflected as a reduction of net noncurrent deferred income tax liabilities for financial reporting purposes. F-20 BETTER MINERALS & AGGREGATES COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES (formerly USS Intermediate Holdco, Inc.) NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) The effective income tax rate on pretax earnings before extraordinary items differed from the U.S. federal statutory rate for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1999 for the following reasons:
1997 1998 1999 ----- ----- ------ Provision computed at U.S. federal statutory rate.... 35.0% 35.0% 35.0% Increase (decrease) resulting from: Percentage depletion............................... 77.7 9.6 (253.7) Disallowed interest expense........................ (6.5) (.4) -- Restricted stock vesting........................... -- (29.5) -- Accretion of preferred stock warrants.............. (24.5) (2.6) 1.9 Prior year tax return reconciliation............... 27.1 -- (61.2) State income taxes, net of federal benefit......... 8.3 1.2 5.4 Other, net......................................... (2.9) (.2) 9.6 ----- ----- ------ Provision for income taxes....................... 114.2% 13.1% (263.0)% ===== ===== ======
12. Pension and Postretirement Benefits The Company maintains a number of single-employer noncontributory defined benefit pension plans covering substantially all employees. The plans provide benefits based on each covered employee's years of qualifying service. The Company's funding policy is to contribute amounts within the range of the minimum required and maximum deductible contributions for each plan consistent with a goal of appropriate minimization of the unfunded projected benefit obligation. The majority of the Company's pension plans use a benefit level per year of service (hourly) with one plan using final average pay method (salaried). All Company plans use the projected unit credit cost method to determine the actuarial valuation. In addition, the Company provides defined benefit postretirement healthcare and life insurance benefits to substantially all employees. Covered employees become eligible for these benefits at retirement after meeting minimum age and service requirements. The projected future cost of providing postretirement benefits, such as healthcare and life insurance, is recognized as an expense as employees render services. The Company contributes to a Voluntary Employees' Beneficiary Association trust that will be used to partially fund health care benefits for future retirees. Benefits are funded to the extent contributions are tax deductible, which under current legislation is limited. In general, retiree health benefits are paid as covered expenses are incurred. F-21 BETTER MINERALS & AGGREGATES COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES (formerly USS Intermediate Holdco, Inc.) NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) Net pension and postretirement cost consisted of the following for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1999:
Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits ------------------------- -------------------------- 1997 1998 1999 1997 1998 1999 ------- ------- ------- -------- ------- ------- (In thousands) Service cost--benefits earned during the period...... $ 961 $ 920 $ 1,040 $ 162 $ 128 $ 144 Interest cost........... 3,636 3,791 3,886 1,073 958 946 Expected return on plan assets................. (3,548) (3,585) (3,739) (15) (18) (19) Net amortization and deferral............... 8 109 235 (447) (551) (449) ------- ------- ------- -------- ------- ------- Net pension and postretirement cost.. $ 1,057 $ 1,235 $ 1,422 $ 773 $ 517 $ 622 ======= ======= ======= ======== ======= =======
The changes in benefit obligations and plan assets, as well as the funded status of the Company's pension and postretirement plans at December 31, 1998 and 1999 were as follows:
Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits ------------------ ------------------------ 1998 1999 1998 1999 -------- -------- ----------- ----------- (In thousands) Benefit obligation at January 1.............................. $ 51,857 $ 56,697 $ 15,280 $ 14,683 Service cost.................. 800 1,040 128 144 Interest cost................. 3,654 3,886 958 946 Actuarial..................... 2,877 (5,664) (1,016) (1,716) Acquisitions.................. 2,231 3,039 -- -- Benefits paid................. (4,722) (3,636) (859) (1,097) Other......................... -- 278 192 213 -------- -------- ----------- ----------- Benefit obligation at December 31............................. 56,697 55,640 14,683 13,173 -------- -------- ----------- ----------- Fair value of plan assets at January 1...................... 53,618 56,078 235 236 Actual return on plan assets.. 5,807 8,991 1 (38) Acquisitions.................. 1,335 4,871 -- -- Employer contributions........ 40 407 667 884 Benefits paid................. (4,722) (3,636) (859) (1,097) Other......................... -- -- 192 213 -------- -------- ----------- ----------- Fair value of plan assets at December 31.................... 56,078 66,711 236 198 -------- -------- ----------- ----------- Plan assets in excess (less than) benefit obligations at December 31............................. (619) 11,071 (14,447) (12,975) Unrecognized net loss (gain).. (3,393) (14,486) (5,575) (6,785) Unrecognized prior service cost......................... 536 763 -- -- -------- -------- ----------- ----------- Accrued benefit cost recognized in the Company's consolidated balance sheet before additional pension liability.................... (3,476) (2,652) (20,022) (19,760) -------- -------- ----------- ----------- Adjustment to recognize minimum pension liability.............. (212) -- -- -- -------- -------- ----------- ----------- Net accrued benefit cost recognized in the Company's consolidated balance sheet...................... $ (3,688) $ (2,652) $ (20,022) $ (19,760) ======== ======== =========== ===========
F-22 BETTER MINERALS & AGGREGATES COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES (formerly USS Intermediate Holdco, Inc.) NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) In prior years, certain of the Company's pension plans were underfunded. At December 31, 1998, the projected benefit obligation of the underfunded plans was $17.9 million, the total fair value of assets was $14.7 million, and the accumulated benefit obligation was $17.3 million. At December 31, 1998, the accrued benefit cost recognized in the Company's consolidated balance sheet for these plans was $3.4 million. Effective December 31, 1999, the Company merged a number of these plans which eliminated their underfunded status. The adjustment to recognize the minimum pension liability on the Company's consolidated balance sheet of $212,000 at December 31, 1998 provides financial statement recognition to the unfunded status of the pension plans. The pension liability adjustment has been recorded as a long-term liability offset by an intangible asset, reduction to stockholder's equity and deferred taxes of $146,000, $40,000 and $26,000, respectively, at December 31, 1998. The following weighted-average assumptions were used to determine the Company's obligations under the plans:
Pension Postretirement Benefits Benefits ---------- ---------------- 1998 1999 1998 1999 ---- ---- ------- ------- Discount rate..................................... 6.75% 7.75% 6.75% 7.75% Long-term rate of compensation increase........... 3.50% 3.50% -- -- Long-term rate of return on plan assets........... 8.00% 8.00% 8.00% 8.00% Health care cost trend rate....................... -- -- 6.50% 6.00%
The assumed health care cost trend rate used in measuring the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation was 6.50% in 1998, 6.00% in 1999 and 6.00% in 2000, gradually declining to 3.00% by the year 2014 and remaining at that level thereafter. A one-percentage-point increase in the assumed health care cost trend rates for each year would increase the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation at December 31, 1999 and net postretirement health care cost (service cost and interest cost) for the year then ended by approximately $1.4 million and $134,000, respectively. A one-percentage-point decrease in the assumed health care cost trend rates for each year would decrease the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation at December 31, 1999 and net postretirement health care cost (service cost and interest cost) for the year then ended by approximately $1.1 million and $111,000, respectively. Certain hourly employees are covered under a multi-employer defined benefit pension plan. The pension cost recognized for these plans for each of the three years ended December 31, 1997, 1998 and 1999 totaled approximately $142,000, $147,000, and $176,000, respectively. The Company also sponsors a defined contribution plan covering certain employees. The Company contributes to the plan in two ways. For certain employees not covered by the defined benefit plan, the Company makes a contribution equal to 4% of their salary. The Company also contributes an employee match which can range from 25 to 100 cents, based on financial performance, for each dollar contributed by an employee, up to 8% of their earnings. Contributions for each of the three years ended December 31, 1997, 1998 and 1999 totaled approximately $470,000, $678,000 and $746,000, respectively. The Company also sponsors a defined contribution thrift plan for hourly employees to which employees may contribute up to 15% of their earnings. There is no contributing match for the thrift plan. F-23 BETTER MINERALS & AGGREGATES COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES (formerly USS Intermediate Holdco, Inc.) NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) 13. Related Party Transactions Pursuant to an agreement between the Company and principals of D. George Harris & Associates, LLC ("DGH&A"), who are also stockholders of the Company's ultimate parent, DGH&A provides certain management advisory services to the Company. The Company paid approximately $500,000, $583,000 and $877,000 to DGH&A for each of the three years ended December 31, 1997, 1998 and 1999, respectively, associated with these management services. The agreement also provides that the Company will pay DGH&A an acquisition fee in the event of a business acquisition by the Company. The Company paid approximately $325,000 for services in connection with the acquisition of the Morie Assets during 1999. In addition, approximately $600,000 was paid to DGH&A during 1998 associated with the Better Materials Corporation and George F. Pettinos, Inc. acquisitions. The management advisory services and acquisition fees have been charged to selling, general and administrative expense during each of the respective periods noted above. Prior to the acquisition of Commercial Stone, certain operations of DGH&A were conducted as a subsidiary of the Company. Subsequent to the acquisition, the DGH&A operations have been handled separately from the Company. The Company does not have an ownership interest in DGH&A. Consequently, the DGH&A acquisition fee of approximately $1,387,000 associated with the acquisition of Commercial Stone was capitalized and allocated to mineral reserves as part of the purchase price. The agreement also provides that, at DGH&A's request, U.S. Silica provide DGH&A with an interest-free loan not to exceed $1.0 million annually. At December 31, 1999, a loan receivable to DGH&A of $1.0 million is currently outstanding. The loan is guaranteed by certain principals of DGH&A. In addition, a payable of approximately $898,000 to DGH&A, principally related to the Company's unpaid portion of the acquisition fee, existed at December 31, 1999. On occasion, the Company and its parent make non-interest bearing cash advances to each other. At December 31, 1998, the Company had a payable to its parent of approximately $1.1 million. At December 31, 1999, the Company had a receivable from its parent of approximately $834,000. 14. Silica Mining Lease On July 18, 1997, the Company settled a dispute concerning royalties related to a silica-mining lease. The terms in the agreement provided that U.S. Silica pay the lessor approximately $1.1 million in cash and property for retroactive royalties and legal fees. This amount was charged to cost of goods sold in 1997. The agreement further stipulates that future royalties be determined as a percentage of gross sales from the leased property. The lease, along with renewals, covers a period of thirty-six years. 15. Incentive Stock Compensation Under the terms of a repurchase agreement between Holdings and holders of Holdings' Class A Common Stock (the "Class A Holders"), the Class A Holders were required to sell some or all of their Class A Common Stock to Holdings at par value if the holders of Holdings' Series A and Series B Preferred Stock did not achieve a specified internal rate of return upon the occurrence of certain liquidity events as described in the Stockholders Agreement. In 1998, Holdings agreed to waive the repurchase requirements associated with the Class A Common Stock, which effectively gave the Class A Holders the right to put the Class A Common Stock back to Holdings for fair value F-24 BETTER MINERALS & AGGREGATES COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES (formerly USS Intermediate Holdco, Inc.) NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) consideration subject to certain conditions. This resulted in a $14.2 million one time, non-cash charge to the Company's operations, which was the difference between the fair market value of the Class A Common Stock and its par value at the time the repurchase agreement was waived. 16. Segment Information The Company operates in the industrial minerals and aggregates business segments, principally in the United States, and conducts limited operations in Canada. Industrial minerals includes the mining, processing and marketing of industrial minerals, principally silica, to a wide variety of end use markets, including foundry, glass, chemicals, fillers and extenders (primarily used in paints and coatings), building materials, ceramics, and oil and gas. Aggregates includes the mining, processing and marketing of high quality crushed stone, construction sand and gravel. The Company's customers use its aggregates for road construction and maintenance, other infrastructure projects and residential and commercial construction and to produce hot mixed asphalt and concrete products. The Company also uses its aggregate to produce hot mixed asphalt at production facilities the Company owns or operates. The industrial minerals and aggregates business segments constitute the reportable segments of the Company. The Company's management reviews operating company income to evaluate segment performance and allocate resources. General corporate expense (income), interest expense, the accretion of preferred stock warrants, other income (net of interest income) and the provision (benefit) for income taxes are not included in segment operating income since they are excluded from the measure of segment profitability reviewed by the Company's management. The Company's assets are managed based on segment and accordingly, asset information is reported for the commercial aggregates and industrial minerals segments. Corporate assets consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, debt issuance costs and equipment. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. F-25 BETTER MINERALS & AGGREGATES COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES (formerly USS Intermediate Holdco, Inc.) NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) Reportable segment information for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 1999 was as follows:
1998 1999 -------- -------- (In thousands) Net sales: Aggregates........................................................ $ 3,497 $ 49,907 Industrial Minerals............................................... 138,797 159,168 -------- -------- Total net sales................................................. $142,294 $209,075 ======== ======== Operating company income (loss): Aggregates........................................................ $ (288) $ 6,610 Industrial Minerals............................................... (7,287) 12,476 -------- -------- Total operating company income (loss)........................... (7,575) 19,086 General corporate (expense) income................................ 346 (579) -------- -------- Total operating income (loss)................................... $ (7,229) $ 18,507 ======== ======== Depreciation, depletion and amortization expense: Aggregates........................................................ $ 309 $ 6,328 Industrial Minerals............................................... 19,579 22,152 Corporate......................................................... -- 1 -------- -------- Total depreciation, depletion and amortization expense.......... $ 19,888 $ 28,481 ======== ======== Capital expenditures: Aggregates........................................................ $ 517 $ 3,282 Industrial Minerals............................................... 8,882 11,120 Corporate......................................................... -- 170 -------- -------- Total capital expenditures...................................... $ 9,399 $ 14,572 ======== ======== Reportable segment information at December 31, 1998 and 1999 was as follows: 1998 1999 -------- -------- (In thousands) ------------------ Assets: Aggregates........................................................ $ 86,928 $323,470 Industrial Minerals............................................... 187,574 201,390 Corporate......................................................... 176 29,169 Elimination of intersegment receivables........................... -- (2,426) -------- -------- Total assets.................................................... $274,678 $551,603 ======== ========
In December 1998, U.S. Silica acquired Better Materials Corporation. Prior to this acquisition, the Company conducted business solely in the "Industrial Minerals" segment. Accordingly, reportable segment information at December 31, 1997 and for the year then ended has not been presented. F-26 BETTER MINERALS & AGGREGATES COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES (formerly USS Intermediate Holdco, Inc.) NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) 17. Guarantor Financial Data Except for the Company's two Canadian subsidiaries, each of the Company's subsidiaries have fully and unconditionally guaranteed the Company's Senior Subordinated Notes and Senior Secured Credit Facilities on a joint and several basis. Presented below is summarized combined financial information of the Company (on a stand-alone basis), the guarantor subsidiaries and nonguarantor subsidiaries at December 31, 1998 and 1999 and for the two years then ended.
Company Combined Combined Stand- Guarantor Nonguarantor Consolidation alone Subsidiaries Subsidiaries Adjustments Total -------- ------------ ------------ ------------- -------- (In thousands) At December 31, 1998 Current assets.......... $ 1 $ 50,412 $6,030 $ -- $ 56,443 Non-current assets...... -- 215,542 2,693 -- 218,235 Current liabilities..... 3 35,191 1,741 -- 36,935 Non-current liabilities............ -- 210,880 3,467 -- 214,347 Investments in subsidiaries........... 23,398 3,515 -- (26,913) -- Company Combined Combined Stand- Guarantor Nonguarantor Consolidation alone Subsidiaries Subsidiaries Adjustments Total -------- ------------ ------------ ------------- -------- (In thousands) At December 31, 1999 Current assets.......... $ 13,773 $ 89,538 $4,992 $ (16,898) $ 91,405 Non-current assets...... 115,116 444,314 2,468 (101,700) 460,198 Current liabilities..... 25,995 34,702 1,891 (16,898) 45,690 Non-current liabilities............ 282,604 258,656 2,018 (101,700) 441,578 Investments in subsidiaries........... 248,799 3,551 -- (252,350) -- Company Combined Combined Stand- Guarantor Nonguarantor Consolidation alone Subsidiaries Subsidiaries Adjustments Total -------- ------------ ------------ ------------- -------- (In thousands) For the Year Ended December 31, 1998 Net sales............... $ -- $138,758 $3,617 $ (81) $142,294 Cost of goods sold...... -- 95,461 3,098 (81) 98,478 Operating (loss) income................. (1) (7,110) (118) -- (7,229) Net (loss) income before extraordinary loss..... (14,667) (14,666) (17) 14,683 (14,667) Net (loss) income....... (16,769) (16,768) (17) 16,785 (16,769) Company Combined Combined Stand- Guarantor Nonguarantor Consolidation alone Subsidiaries Subsidiaries Adjustments Total -------- ------------ ------------ ------------- -------- (In thousands) For the Year Ended December 31, 1999 Net sales............... $ -- $200,460 $8,927 $ (312) $209,075 Cost of goods sold...... -- 133,138 7,418 (312) 140,244 Operating (loss) income................. (110) 23,277 94 (4,754) 18,507 Net income (loss) before extraordinary loss..... 5,753 14,315 48 (16,370) 3,746 Net income (loss)....... 5,753 11,568 22 (16,344) 999
Amounts are not intended to report results as if the subsidiaries were separate stand-alone entities. Comparative information for the year ended December 31, 1997 has not been presented because the nonguarantor subsidiary in that year was nonoperating and the assets and results of operations were immaterial. F-27 BETTER MINERALS & AGGREGATES COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES (formerly USS Intermediate Holdco, Inc.) NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) 18. Subsequent Event On February 29, 2000, the Company completed the sale of the stock of its Canadian subsidiary, George F. Pettinos (Canada) Limited for $3.2 million. The proceeds from the sale were used to retire the Canadian Term Facility (Note 6) and for general corporate uses. F-28 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS Better Materials Corporation Penns Park, Pennsylvania In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related consolidated statements of income, of shareholders' equity and of cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Better Materials Corporation and Subsidiaries at December 13, 1998 and January 3, 1998, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for the period ended December 13, 1998 and fiscal years ended January 3, 1998 and December 28, 1996, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management; our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards which require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for the opinion expressed above. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP Philadelphia, Pennsylvania August 25, 1999 F-29 BETTER MATERIALS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS at December 13, 1998 and January 3, 1998
December January 3, 13, 1998 1998 ----------- ----------- ASSETS Cash and cash equivalents............................. $ 2,185,967 $ 803,366 Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of approximately $489,000 and $300,000, respectively......................................... 5,419,458 3,589,049 Other receivables..................................... 87,807 37,817 Inventories: Stone............................................... 897,671 979,224 Parts............................................... 408,092 409,512 Refundable income taxes............................... -- 286,157 Prepaid expenses...................................... 243,546 79,639 Deferred income taxes................................. 780,089 135,860 ----------- ----------- Total current assets.............................. 10,022,630 6,320,624 Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization............. 10,609,154 9,124,424 Assets held for sale.................................. 800,000 800,000 Deferred income taxes................................. 138,439 64,140 Notes receivable...................................... -- 69,338 ----------- ----------- Total assets...................................... $21,570,223 $16,378,526 =========== =========== LIABILITIES Current installments of long-term debt................ $ 1,073,099 $ 1,149,289 Accounts payable...................................... 1,814,325 1,375,020 Other accrued expenses................................ 1,445,917 1,270,846 Income taxes payable.................................. 658,563 -- Accrued pension cost.................................. 214,330 235,561 ----------- ----------- Total current liabilities......................... 5,206,234 4,030,716 Accrued pension cost, net of current portion.......... 807,423 799,943 Long-term debt, net of current portion................ 3,637,231 3,357,809 ----------- ----------- Total liabilities................................. 9,650,888 8,188,468 ----------- ----------- Contingencies (Note 7) SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY Class A common stock--voting; $.10 par value; authorized 100,000 shares; issued 44,024 shares...... 4,403 4,403 Class B common stock--nonvoting; $.10 par value; authorized 300,000 shares; issued 116,308 shares..... 11,631 11,631 Capital in excess of par.............................. 5,986 5,986 Retained earnings..................................... 12,430,733 8,701,456 ----------- ----------- 12,452,753 8,723,476 ----------- ----------- Less treasury stock at cost: Class A common stock--1,200 shares.................. 45,980 45,980 Class B common stock--13,498 shares................. 487,438 487,438 ----------- ----------- 533,418 533,418 ----------- ----------- Total shareholders' equity........................ 11,919,335 8,190,058 ----------- ----------- Total liabilities and shareholders' equity........ $21,570,223 $16,378,526 =========== ===========
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. F-30 BETTER MATERIALS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME for the period ended December 13, 1998, and for the fiscal years ended January 3, 1998 and December 28, 1996
December December 13, January 3, 28, 1998 1998 1996 ----------- ----------- ----------- Sales of crushed stone and asphalt...... $26,255,889 $24,692,001 $21,617,034 ----------- ----------- ----------- Costs and expenses: Cost of sales and operating expenses.. 17,326,039 17,499,281 14,712,929 Depreciation, depletion and amortization......................... 1,148,284 1,046,207 1,056,549 Selling, general and administrative expenses............................. 3,286,985 4,394,304 4,136,824 ----------- ----------- ----------- 21,761,308 22,939,792 19,906,302 ----------- ----------- ----------- Income before interest expense, other (income) expense, net and income taxes.................................. 4,494,581 1,752,209 1,710,732 Interest expense........................ 629,955 514,862 464,984 Other (income) expense, net............. (51,288) 10,963 30,296 ----------- ----------- ----------- Income before income taxes.............. 3,915,914 1,226,384 1,215,452 Income tax provision (benefit).......... 186,637 267,971 (343,400) ----------- ----------- ----------- Net income.............................. $ 3,729,277 $ 958,413 $ 1,558,852 =========== =========== ===========
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. F-31 BETTER MATERIALS CORPORATION AND SUBSCRIBERS CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY for the period ended December 13, 1998 and fiscal years ended January 3, 1998 and December 28, 1996
Common Stock Treasury Stock ----------------------------- ------------------------------------ Capital in Excess of Retained Class B Class A Class B Par Value Earnings Class A ------- Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount ------ ------ ------- ------- ---------- ----------- ------ -------- Balances, December 30, 1995................... 44,024 $4,403 116,308 $11,631 $5,986 $ 6,184,191 (1,200) $(45,980) (13,498) $(487,438) Net income.............. 1,558,852 ----------- Balances, December 28, 1996................... 44,024 4,403 116,308 11,631 5,986 7,743,043 (1,200) (45,980) (13,498) (487, 438) Net income.............. 958,413 ----------- Balances, January 3, 1998................... 44,024 4,403 116,308 11,631 5,986 8,701,456 (1,200) (45,980) (13,498) (487, 438) Net income.............. 3,729,277 ----------- Balances, December 13, 1998................... 44,024 $4,403 116,308 $11,631 $5,986 $12,430,733 (1,200) $(45,980) (13,498) $(487,438) ====== ====== ======= ======= ====== =========== ====== ======== ======= =========
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. F-32 BETTER MATERIALS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS for the period ended December 13, 1998, and for the fiscal years ended January 3, 1998 and December 28, 1996
December 13, January 3, December 28, 1998 1998 1996 ------------ ----------- ------------ Cash flows from operating activities: Net income............................. $ 3,729,277 $ 958,413 $ 1,558,852 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation, depletion and amortization......................... 1,148,284 1,046,207 1,085,582 Provision for bad debts on accounts receivable........................... 90,000 169,160 79,400 Deferred income taxes................. (718,528) 200,000 (400,000) (Gain) loss on fixed assets........... (98,344) 14,602 (188,563) Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable.................. (1,920,409) 488,517 (1,841,903) Inventories.......................... 82,973 1,135,726 287,744 Prepaid expenses and refundable income taxes........................ 122,250 (2,271) 10,273 Accounts payable..................... 439,305 (150,113) (52,550) Income taxes payable................. 658,563 (884,277) 601,014 Other accrued expenses and accrued pension costs....................... 161,320 (235,089) 387,554 ----------- ----------- ----------- Net cash provided by operating activities......................... 3,694,691 2,740,875 1,527,403 ----------- ----------- ----------- Cash flows from investing activities: Purchase of property, plant and equipment............................. (2,725,420) (4,393,316) (691,244) Proceeds from sales of property, plant and equipment......................... 190,750 56,634 377,300 Payments received on notes and other receivable............................ 19,348 52,490 152,178 ----------- ----------- ----------- Net cash used in investing activities......................... (2,515,322) (4,284,192) (161,766) ----------- ----------- ----------- Cash flows from financing activities: Proceeds from term loan................ 1,300,000 1,800,000 -- Payments on long-term debt and term loans................................. (1,096,768) (1,232,763) (960,445) ----------- ----------- ----------- Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities............... 203,232 567,237 (960,445) ----------- ----------- ----------- Net increase (decrease) in cash......... 1,382,601 (976,080) 405,192 Cash at beginning of year............... 803,366 1,779,446 1,374,254 ----------- ----------- ----------- Cash at end of year..................... $ 2,185,967 $ 803,366 $ 1,779,446 =========== =========== =========== Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: Cash paid for the year: Income taxes, net..................... $ 273 $ 410,629 $ 90,641 =========== =========== =========== Interest.............................. $ 482,298 $ 486,500 $ 464,110 =========== =========== =========== Nonmonetary transactions: Exchange of similar assets............ -- -- $ 26,465 =========== =========== =========== Property, plant and equipment acquisitions remaining in accounts payable...................... -- $ 453,373 -- =========== =========== ===========
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. F-33 BETTER MATERIALS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 1. Description of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Description of Operations The Company produces crushed stone and bituminous asphalt material, used in the production of concrete and asphalt products, construction and maintenance of highways and other infrastructure projects, and for commercial and residential construction. Sales of the Company's materials are limited up to a 100 mile area due to inherently high transportation costs associated with the industry. Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Better Materials Corporation (Company) and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Bucks County Crushed Stone Co., Inc. (BCCS), BMC Trucking Company (BMCT), Industrial Trucking Service Corporation (ITSC), Chippewa Farms Corporation (CFC), Quarry Food, Inc., Shore Fast Line, Inc. (SFL) and Shore Stone Company, Inc. (SSC). In addition, Hi-Way Maintenance & Supply Co., Inc. (HMS) is a subsidiary of BCCS. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Fiscal Year and Sale of the Business The Company's fiscal year ends on the Saturday nearest to December 31. Fiscal year 1997 ended January 3, 1998 and was comprised of 53 weeks; fiscal year 1996 ended December 28, 1996 and was comprised of 52 weeks. On December 14, 1998, all of the common stock of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, BCCS, BMCT, CFC and SSC was sold to U.S. Silica Company; such stock comprised principally all of the assets of the Company, accordingly, the Company's financial position and results of operations for 1998 are presented for the period January 4, 1998 through December 13, 1998. The stock of ITSC, Quarry Food, Inc., SFL and HMS was sold to a former shareholder. Accordingly, all liabilities and any contingent liabilities were assumed by the former shareholder. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The most significant estimates relate primarily to assets held for sale, allowance for uncollectable accounts receivable, valuation allowance on net deferred tax assets and depreciation, depletion and amortization. Cash and Cash Equivalents For purposes of the statement of cash flows, the Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an initial maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Inventories Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market. Cost of parts is determined by the first-in, first-out method. Cost of stone inventory is determined principally by the average-cost method. F-34 BETTER MATERIALS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment is carried at cost. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. When assets are sold or otherwise disposed of, any gain or loss is recognized currently. Depreciation, Amortization and Depletion Provisions for depreciation and amortization are being made over the estimated lives of the respective assets or lease terms, if shorter, using the straight-line method for financial statement purposes and accelerated methods for income tax purposes. Depletion of stone deposits is provided based upon the tonnage of rock quarried in relation to the estimated total tonnage available. Income Taxes The Company and its subsidiaries file a consolidated federal income tax return. The Company provides for income taxes under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 109, "Accounting for Income Taxes" (SFAS No. 109) which requires the recognition of deferred tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between tax bases and financial reporting bases of assets and liabilities. Under SFAS No. 109, deferred tax assets and liabilities are based on the tax rates and laws enacted as of the balance sheet date. The effects of future changes in tax laws or rates are not anticipated. Pension Plan The Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries sponsor two noncontributory defined benefit pension plans. The Industrial Trucking Service Corporation Plan (ITSC Plan) covers union employees, and the Better Materials Corporation Pension Plan (BMC Plan) covers substantially all employees other than those covered by the ITSC Plan. Under the BMC Plan pension expense is determined and funded on the basis of accepted actuarial methods. Under the ITSC Plan, contributions are based on hours worked by, or gross wages paid to, covered employees. The Company has no prior service liability under the ITSC Plan. Concentration of Credit Risk The Company grants credit to its customers which are primarily construction companies located in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and generally does not require collateral. The Company maintains reserves for potential credit losses, which, when realized, have been within the range of management's expectations. The Company primarily invests its excess cash in interest bearing instruments with a major commercial bank. Cash available in these accounts may at times exceed FDIC levels. The Company performs periodic evaluations of the relative credit standing of the financial institution. F-35 BETTER MATERIALS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) 2. Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment consisted of the following categories:
December 13, January 3, 1998 1998 ------------ ------------ Buildings................................... $ 2,499,083 $ 2,499,082 Quarry equipment............................ 16,099,322 10,190,701 Construction-in-progress.................... -- 3,593,285 Transportation and garage equipment......... 1,078,586 1,427,376 Furniture, fixtures and other equipment..... 569,879 557,329 Land improvements........................... 1,406,099 1,342,835 ------------ ------------ 21,652,969 19,610,608 Less accumulated depreciation and amortization............................... (13,173,979) (12,655,162) ------------ ------------ 8,478,990 6,955,446 Land, including stone deposits, net of depletion.................................. 2,130,164 2,168,978 ------------ ------------ $ 10,609,154 $ 9,124,424 ============ ============
3. Debt Long-term debt consisted of the following:
December 13, January 3, 1998 1998 ------------ ---------- Term loan(a).................................... $1,481,758 $1,889,242 Bullet term loan(a)............................. 497,620 667,856 Loan payable to former shareholder for non- compete agreement(b)........................... -- 150,000 Equipment term loan(c).......................... 2,730,952 1,800,000 ---------- ---------- 4,710,330 4,507,098 Less installments due within one year........... 1,073,099 1,149,289 ---------- ---------- $3,637,231 $3,357,809 ========== ==========
- -------- (a) On March 1, 1998, the Company entered into a third amended loan and security agreement with a bank, which includes a revolving credit facility, a term loan, a bullet term loan and a line of credit facility. The revolving credit loan expired on February 28, 1999 and provides for maximum borrowing of $3,500,000, less any outstanding letter of credit commitments (at December 13, 1998, the Company was contingently liable, in the amount of $242,840, under standby letters of credit) with interest at the prime rate or at prime minus 1/4% to plus 1/2% depending on the Company's leverage ratio at the end of each quarter. In addition, the Company may otherwise elect to pay interest at adjusted LIBOR plus 2 1/2%. The choice of interest rates is determined by whether the Borrower has made an option to make an election to change to LIBOR. Borrowings are limited to an amount equal to the sum of 85% of eligible accounts receivable plus the lesser of $1,000,000 or 50% of finished stone inventory for eligible months. There were no amounts outstanding under the revolving credit loan at December 13, 1998 and January 3, 1998. F-36 BETTER MATERIALS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) The term loan is repayable in equal monthly installments of $37,044 until maturity on March 31, 2002. At December 13, 1998, the outstanding principal balance bears interest at a fixed rate of 8.35%. The bullet term loan, or second term loan, is repayable from the net proceeds from asset sales of the Company's discontinued operations. This loan bears interest at a fixed rate of 8.35%. Pending receipts of net proceeds from asset sales, the unpaid balance of the bullet term loan is payable as a term loan with a seven-year amortization period, repayable in equal monthly installments of $15,476, starting November 1, 1996, with a balloon payment on November 1, 2001. The principal balance outstanding as of December 13, 1998 was $497,620. The line of credit facility allows the Company to borrow up to $500,000 for capitalized expenditures. Each borrowing is payable in equal monthly installments not to exceed sixty months from the funding date. Each advance under the line bears interest at a fixed rate or a floating rate based on the bank's prime rate plus 0% to 3/4% depending upon the Company's leverage ratio at the end of each quarter. There were no amounts outstanding under the line of credit facility at December 13, 1998 and January 3, 1998. The borrowings under the agreement are collateralized by substantially all assets of the Company. In addition, the agreement contains, among other provisions, requirements for maintaining and meeting certain financial covenants. The two most restrictive covenants require the ratio of total liabilities to tangible net worth not to exceed 2.00 to 1; secondly, the ratio of cash flow to the sum of fixed obligations cannot be less than 1.20 to 1 measured quarterly based upon a rolling four-quarter basis. (b) On April 22, 1991, a payment in respect to a covenant not to compete was made for $150,000 with the balance of $750,000 payable over the next five years in equal installments. A revised agreement was entered into in 1994 which called for the remaining payments to be paid annually beginning April 22, 1996. (c) In May 1997, the Company entered into an equipment loan agreement which provides for borrowings up to $4,000,000, at an interest rate equal to the bank's prime rate or at prime plus 0% to 3/4% depending on the Company's leverage ratio at the end of each calendar quarter (7.75% and 8.5% at December 13, 1998 and January 3, 1998, respectively). On March 1, 1998, the Company converted the amount outstanding on the equipment loan to a term loan with a seven-year amortization period, repayable in equal monthly installments of $36,905, starting on March 1, 1998, with a balloon payment on March 1, 2003. Amounts payable on the long-term debt under renegotiated terms during each of the five years 1999 through 2003 are $1,073,099, $1,073,098, $1,013,580, $591,031 and $959,522, respectively. All bank debt, except the outstanding letter of credit commitments, was paid off on December 14, 1998 with proceeds from the sale of the Company and subsidiaries (see Note 10). 4. Leases The Company leases certain quarry equipment and office equipment under operating lease arrangements which expire between 1999 and 2002. Certain of the agreements include options to purchase the equipment for the fair market value at the end of the original lease terms. Total rent expense under these leases was $549,831 for the period ended December 13, 1998, and $585,408 and $656,897 for fiscal years ended January 3, 1998 and December 26, 1996, respectively. F-37 BETTER MATERIALS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) At December 13, 1998, annual future minimum lease payments under operating leases were as follows:
Operating Minimum lease payments Leases ---------------------- --------- December 14, 1998 through December 31, 1998..................... $ 24,460 1999.......................................................... 268,917 2000.......................................................... 60,933 2001.......................................................... 36,420 2002.......................................................... 30,161 -------- Total minimum lease payments.................................... $420,891 ========
5. Income Taxes The components of the net deferred tax asset at December 13, 1998 and January 3, 1998 are as follows:
1998 1997 ---- ---- Deferred tax asset: Current: Allowance for doubtful accounts.................. $ 197,390 $ 170,686 Inventory........................................ 80,804 127,818 Accrued expenses................................. 490,069 590,734 Net operating loss carryforwards................. 11,826 76,957 --------- --------- 780,089 966,195 Valuation allowance.............................. -- (830,335) --------- --------- Net current deferred tax assets................ $ 780,089 $ 135,860 ========= ========= Long-term: Pension costs.................................... 326,199 392,506 Alternative minimum tax credits.................. 270,215 134,918 Net operating loss carryforwards, net of current portion......................................... 14,451 208,257 Depreciable and depletable assets................ (469,426) (279,576) --------- --------- 141,439 456,105 Valuation allowance.............................. (3,000) (391,965) --------- --------- Net long-term deferred tax assets.............. $ 138,439 $ 64,140 ========= =========
Realization of the net deferred tax asset is dependent on generating sufficient taxable income prior to expiration of net operating loss carryforwards. Based on estimated future taxable income, management has estimated the net deferred tax assets that are more likely than not to be realized. The change in the valuation allowance in 1998 is primarily the result of the realization of deferred tax assets in 1998 and the change in the anticipated utilization of net operating loss carryforwards to offset future estimated taxable income. F-38 BETTER MATERIALS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) The components of the provision (benefit) for income taxes are as follows:
January December 13, 3, December 28, 1998 1998 1996 ------------ -------- ------------ Current provision (benefit): Federal.............................. $ 698,897 $ 98,314 $ 18,100 State................................ 206,268 (30,343) 38,500 Deferred expense (benefit)............. (718,528) 200,000 (400,000) --------- -------- --------- $ 186,637 $267,971 $(343,400) ========= ======== =========
Reconciliation of the provision (benefit) for income taxes at the U.S. Federal statutory rate to the effective rate are as follows:
December 13, January 3, December 28, 1998 1998 1996 ------------ ---------- ------------ Federal statutory tax rate.......... 34.0% 34.0% 34.0% Percentage depletion................ (6.3) (14.7) (13.4) State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit........................ 3.5 (1.3) 1.6 Adjustment to valuation allowance... (31.5) 5.5 (42.0) Nondeductible items and other....... 5.1 (0.3) 2.9 ----- ----- ----- Effective tax rate.................. 4.8% 23.2% (16.9)% ===== ===== =====
At December 13, 1998, the Company has approximately $270,000 of alternative minimum tax credits. The Company has net operating loss carryforwards for New Jersey income tax purposes of approximately $437,950 which are available to offset future taxable income through 2003. 6. Pension Plan Costs The following items are the components of the net pension cost:
1998 1997 1996 --------- --------- -------- Service cost............................... $ 111,472 $ 85,859 $ 95,119 Interest cost.............................. 117,170 103,890 121,826 Actual return on plan assets............... (134,924) (108,382) (64,861) Net amortization and deferral.............. 125,683 96,466 29,587 --------- --------- -------- Net pension cost........................... $ 219,401 $ 177,833 $181,671 ========= ========= ========
F-39 BETTER MATERIALS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) The funded status of the plans at December 13, 1998 and January 3, 1998 is shown in the table below:
1998 1997 ----------- ----------- Actuarial present value of benefit obligation: Vested....................................... $(1,604,047) $(1,400,057) Nonvested.................................... (9,639) (8,005) ----------- ----------- Accumulated benefit obligation................. (1,613,686) (1,408,062) Projected future salary increases.............. (617,181) (553,400) ----------- ----------- Projected benefit obligation................... (2,230,867) (1,961,462) Fair value of plan assets...................... 1,335,212 1,069,178 ----------- ----------- Plan assets less than projected benefit obligation.................................... (895,655) (892,284) Unrecognized transition amount................. 362,538 434,846 Unrecognized net gain.......................... (488,636) (578,066) ----------- ----------- Accrued pension cost....................... $(1,021,753) $(1,035,504) =========== ===========
Assets of the plans are primarily invested in money funds, bonds, certificates of deposit and stocks. Assumptions used in calculating the actuarial present value of the projected benefit obligations as of December 13, 1998 and January 3, 1998 and the net periodic pension costs for the period ended December 13, 1998 and fiscal years ended January 3, 1998 and December 28, 1996 were as follows:
1998 1997 1996 --------- ---- ---- Discount rate....................................... 6.50-6.75% 7.0% 7.0% Rate of increase in future compensation levels...... 3.50 5.0 5.0 Expected long-term rate of return on assets......... 7.50-8.00 8.0 8.0
In addition to the defined benefit plan described above, the Company also sponsors a qualified defined contribution 401(k) plan to all full-time nonunion employees. Participants may make voluntary contributions to the plan up to 15% of their compensation. The Company's contribution is determined by the Executive Committee based upon assessment of the Company's fiscal year's profitability as related to pre-established financial objectives. There were no Company contributions made to the plan in 1998, 1997 and 1996. 7. Contingencies On March 4, 1985, the Company and a subsidiary company received two Directives and Notices of Violation (Directives) from the State of New Jersey relating to two former waste disposal sites in Woodland Township, New Jersey. The Directives indicate that the Company and its subsidiary and other respondents were in violation of the Spill Compensation and Control Act. In connection with this matter, certain companies filed a complaint against the Company, its subsidiary and at least 50 unnamed defendants. The complaint alleges that plaintiffs have incurred substantial costs in connection with the remediation or cleanup of the sites and seeks damages equal to past response costs and all future response costs to be incurred by plaintiffs. This lawsuit has been settled pursuant to a Settlement Agreement dated as of December 21, 1994. As part of the Settlement Agreement, plaintiffs released the Company and its subsidiaries, with F-40 BETTER MATERIALS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) the sole exception of ITSC, from all claims which were or could have been asserted by plaintiffs in this lawsuit. Pursuant to the Settlement Agreement, ITSC entered into a Consent Judgment on January 11, 1995 in favor of plaintiffs for approximately $20 million plus 40% of any amounts that plaintiffs may incur from and after July 24, 1994 for response costs or other damages related to or in connection with the Woodland Sites. However, with respect to such Consent Judgment, plaintiffs agreed not to seek to recover against any assets, properties or rights of ITSC other than against amounts, if any, recovered by ITSC as indemnity in litigation filed by it and the Company against certain of their insurance carriers. ITSC is required to vigorously prosecute the litigation against the insurance carriers and ITSC, first, and the Company, secondarily, are required to pay all attorneys' fees and costs in this litigation up to an aggregate total not to exceed $1.5 million. The Company and ITSC have spent and charged to expense $1,275,399 towards the $1.5 million aggregate cap through 1998. In addition, the Company has estimated additional costs of $224,601 and has accrued that amount as of December 13, 1998 ($401,268 as of January 3, 1998). The ultimate cost, however, will depend on how the litigation progresses. The Company and ITSC are also seeking recovery from the insurance carriers of past and future legal costs associated with this case. To date, the Company and ITSC have settled with two insurance carriers for $4,371,000. Of this amount $3,786,900 was remitted to the plaintiffs and $584,100 was retained by the Company and its subsidiary for past legal costs as well as any potential future costs or claims. Management believes, based in part on discussions with legal counsel, that the ultimate outcome will not have a material adverse impact on the Company's financial condition or future results of operations or cash flows. 8. Receivables From Related Parties Included in other receivables are receivables from shareholder in the amount of $57,067 in 1998. Included in notes receivable are receivables from shareholders in the amount of $69,338 in 1997. The notes are uncollateralized and are payable on demand. 9. Subsequent Event On December 14, 1998 all of the common stock of the Company was sold to U.S. Silica Company, which included the following wholly-owned subsidiaries: Bucks County Crushed Stone Company; BMC Trucking Company; Chippewa Farms Corporation and Shore Stone Company. Also, on the same date the stock of Industrial Trucking Service Corporation; Quarry Food, Inc.; Shore Fast Line, Inc.; and Hi-Way Maintenance & Supply Company, Inc. was sold to a former shareholder. Accordingly, all liabilities and any contingent liabilities were assumed by the former shareholder. F-41 INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT Board of Directors Commercial Stone Co., Inc. Connellsville, Pennsylvania We have audited the accompanying combined balance sheets of Commercial Stone Co., Inc. and Commercial Aggregates Transportation & Sales, L.P. (the Companies) as of March 31, 1999 and 1998, and the related combined statements of operations, changes in owners' equity and cash flows for the years ended March 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997 that appear in this Registration Statement. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Companies' management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the combined financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, the combined financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the combined financial position of Commercial Stone Co., Inc. and Commercial Aggregates Transportation & Sales, L.P. as of March 31, 1999 and 1998 and the results of their operations and their cash flows for the years ended March 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997 in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. /s/ Schneider Downs & Co., Inc. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania September 8, 1999 F-42 COMMERCIAL STONE CO., INC. AND COMMERCIAL AGGREGATES TRANSPORTATION & SALES, L.P. COMBINED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
Years Ended March 31 ------------------------------------- 1999 1998 1997 ----------- ----------- ----------- SALES................................... $41,953,242 $37,753,036 $26,718,926 COSTS AND EXPENSES Costs of goods sold and operating expenses............................. 25,500,999 24,909,817 17,965,563 Depreciation, depletion and amortization......................... 3,220,522 2,817,324 2,598,544 General and administrative expenses... 3,239,303 2,838,887 2,273,349 ----------- ----------- ----------- 31,960,824 30,566,028 22,837,456 ----------- ----------- ----------- Income From Operations................ 9,992,418 7,187,008 3,881,470 OTHER INCOME, NET....................... 474,543 587,247 493,300 INTEREST EXPENSE........................ (247,172) (248,342) (256,147) ----------- ----------- ----------- 227,371 338,905 237,153 ----------- ----------- ----------- Net Income............................ $10,219,789 $ 7,525,913 $ 4,118,623 =========== =========== ===========
See notes to the combined financial statements. F-43 COMMERCIAL STONE CO., INC. AND COMMERCIAL AGGREGATES TRANSPORTATION & SALES, L.P. COMBINED BALANCE SHEETS
March 31 ------------------------ 1999 1998 ------------ ----------- ASSETS CURRENT ASSETS Cash and cash equivalents........................... $ 9,038,795 $ 5,259,985 Accounts receivable................................. 3,545,356 3,467,325 Inventory........................................... 2,659,150 2,626,731 Prepaid expenses.................................... 202,869 258,041 ------------ ----------- Total Current Assets.............................. 15,446,170 11,612,082 OTHER ASSETS.......................................... 3,764,586 1,532,851 PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET.................... 18,353,306 19,072,992 ------------ ----------- $ 37,564,062 $32,217,925 ============ =========== LIABILITIES CURRENT LIABILITIES Payments due within one year on long-term debt...... $ 15,609 $ 14,341 Accounts payable.................................... 1,840,494 3,352,773 Accrued liabilities: Federal tax deposit payable....................... 1,216,108 -- Other............................................. 464,348 600,673 ------------ ----------- 1,680,456 600,673 ------------ ----------- Total Current Liabilities......................... 3,536,559 3,967,787 LONG-TERM DEBT........................................ 4,060,902 4,076,510 ACCRUED RECLAMATION COSTS............................. 508,866 485,527 COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES......................... -- -- OWNERS' EQUITY COMMON STOCK Class A Voting--Par value $5 per share, authorized, issued and outstanding 1,200 shares................ 6,000 6,000 Class B Nonvoting--Par value $5 per share, authorized, issued and outstanding 22,800 shares... 114,000 114,000 ------------ ----------- 120,000 120,000 RETAINED EARNINGS AND PARTNERS' CAPITAL............... 29,337,735 23,568,101 ------------ ----------- 29,457,735 23,688,101 ------------ ----------- $37,564,062 $32,217,925 ============ ===========
See notes to the combined financial statements. F-44 COMMERCIAL STONE CO., INC. AND COMMERCIAL AGGREGATES TRANSPORTATION & SALES, L.P. COMBINED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN OWNERS' EQUITY FOR THE YEARS ENDED MARCH 31, 1999, 1998 AND 1997
Retained Earnings Common CATS and Combined Stock Common Retained Partners' Partners' Owners' Shares(1) Stock(1) Earnings(1) Capital(2) Capital Equity --------- -------- ----------- ---------- ----------- ----------- BALANCE--March 31, 1996................... 24,000 $120,000 $24,608,152 $ 369,614 $24,977,766 $25,097,766 Shareholder and partner distributions......... -- -- (4,793,364) (777,153) (5,570,517) (5,570,517) Net income............. -- -- 3,567,830 550,793 4,118,623 4,118,623 ------ -------- ----------- --------- ----------- ----------- BALANCE--March 31, 1997................... 24,000 120,000 23,382,618 143,254 23,525,872 23,645,872 Shareholder and partner distributions......... -- -- (7,047,592) (436,092) (7,483,684) (7,483,684) Net income............. -- -- 6,870,744 655,169 7,525,913 7,525,913 ------ -------- ----------- --------- ----------- ----------- BALANCE--March 31, 1998................... 24,000 120,000 23,205,770 362,331 23,568,101 23,688,101 Shareholder and partner distributions......... -- -- (3,788,192) (661,963) (4,450,155) (4,450,155) Net income............. -- -- 9,480,076 739,713 10,219,789 10,219,789 ------ -------- ----------- --------- ----------- ----------- BALANCE--March 31, 1999................... 24,000 $120,000 $28,897,654 $ 440,081 $29,337,735 $29,457,735 ====== ======== =========== ========= =========== ===========
- -------- (1) Commercial Stone Co., Inc. (2) Commercial Aggregates Transportation & Sales, L.P. See notes to the combined financial statements. F-45 COMMERCIAL STONE CO., INC. AND COMMERCIAL AGGREGATES TRANSPORTATION & SALES, L.P. COMBINED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Years Ended March 31 ------------------------------------- 1999 1998 1997 ----------- ----------- ----------- CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES Net income............................ $10,219,789 $ 7,525,913 $ 4,118,623 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation, depletion and amortization....................... 3,220,522 2,817,324 2,598,544 Changes in assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable................. 181,613 1,054,624 1,174,456 Inventory........................... (32,419) 7,822 381,343 Prepaid expenses and other assets... (1,475,829) (141,832) (235,362) Accounts payable.................... (305,279) 201,682 (11,969) Accrued liabilities................. 829,184 133,840 (130,113) Other............................... 9,000 1,000 -- ----------- ----------- ----------- Net Cash Provided By Operating Activities....................... 12,646,581 11,600,373 7,895,522 CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES Purchase of property, plant and equipment, net....................... (3,703,276) (4,341,631) (3,315,802) Issuance of notes receivable.......... (700,000) (925,000) -- ----------- ----------- ----------- Net Cash Used In Investing Activities....................... (4,403,276) (5,266,631) (3,315,802) CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES Distributions to stockholders and partners............................. (4,450,155) (7,483,684) (5,570,517) Payments on long-term debt............ (14,340) (13,176) (12,104) ----------- ----------- ----------- Net Cash Used In Financing Activities....................... (4,464,495) (7,496,860) (5,582,621) ----------- ----------- ----------- Net Increase (Decrease) In Cash and Cash Equivalents............. 3,778,810 (1,163,118) (1,002,901) CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS Beginning of year..................... 5,259,985 6,423,103 7,426,004 ----------- ----------- ----------- End of year........................... $ 9,038,795 $ 5,259,985 $ 6,423,103 =========== =========== =========== SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION Cash paid during the year for interest............................. $ 247,172 $ 248,342 $ 256,147 =========== =========== ===========
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NONCASH INFORMATION Included in accounts payable at March 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997 are amounts for the purchase of property, plant and equipment paid in the subsequent period. These balances are $642,000, $1,849,000 and $886,000, respectively. See notes to the combined financial statements. F-46 COMMERCIAL STONE CO., INC. AND COMMERCIAL AGGREGATES TRANSPORTATION & SALES, L.P. NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS MARCH 31, 1999, 1998 AND 1997 1. Organization The combined financial statements consist of Commercial Stone Co., Inc. (CSC) and Commercial Aggregates Transportation & Sales, L.P. (CATS) (collectively referred to as "the Companies"). These two companies are affiliated through ownership. The combined financial statements are being prepared pursuant to a purchase agreement dated August 26, 1999 by and among U.S. Silica Company as buyer and the owners of the Companies as sellers. CSC operates two stone quarries (mines) and three asphalt plants in Southwestern Pennsylvania. The asphalt plants operate under the trade name of Commercial Asphalt Products. CATS is a transportation and sales company whose revenues are generated through contracts with independent haulers of aggregates. CATS contracts for a portion of CSC's hauling services between CSC's quarries and asphalt plants as well as for certain CSC customer shipments. 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies A summary of significant accounting policies applied by management in the preparation of the accompanying financial statements follows. Principles of Combination--The combined financial statements include the results of operations and financial position of CSC and CATS. The CATS results of operations and financial position are presented on a calendar year basis and include the twelve months ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996. No significant transactions have occurred with CATS during the three-month period ended March 31, 1999 that would require disclosure within these combined financial statements. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated. Management Estimates--The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Cash and Cash Equivalents--The Companies consider all highly liquid debt instruments with purchased maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Companies maintain, at several financial institutions, cash and cash equivalents that exceed federally insured amounts at times. Inventory--Inventory is stated at the lower of cost, determined on the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method, or market. Property, Plant and Equipment--Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is provided on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Depletion is provided for mineral deposits on the units-of-production method. Repairs and maintenance, which do not extend the lives of the applicable assets, are charged to expense as incurred. Profit or loss resulting from the retirement or other disposition of assets is included in income. Accrued Reclamation Costs--Reclamation costs are expensed over the productive life of the mines on the units-of-production method. F-47 COMMERCIAL STONE CO., INC. AND COMMERCIAL AGGREGATES TRANSPORTATION & SALES, L.P. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) MARCH 31, 1999, 1998 AND 1997 Revenue Recognition--The Companies generally recognize revenue upon shipment of aggregates to customers or performance of services. Income Taxes--CSC has elected to be taxed as an S Corporation for federal and state tax purposes under the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, respectively. CATS is taxed as a limited partnership. Under both of these provisions, the Companies do not pay corporate net income taxes on their taxable income. Instead, the stockholders and partners of each company reflect their proportionate share of the taxable income on their personal income tax returns. It is the Companies' policy to make stockholder and partnership distributions necessary to satisfy the stockholders' and partners' income tax obligations in relation to their proportionate share of the Companies' taxable income. In order to retain the CSC's fiscal year-end of March 31, CSC makes federal tax deposits as required by Section 444 of the Internal Revenue Code. At March 31, 1999 and 1998, other assets included approximately $1,792,000 and $576,000 in connection with these deposits. The Companies combined book basis of assets and liabilities exceeds the tax basis by approximately $5,460,000 and $5,146,000 at March 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively. 3. Inventory Inventory consists of the following:
March 31 --------------------- 1999 1998 ---------- ---------- Mining division stone............................. $1,715,432 $1,957,177 Asphalt division stone............................ 763,936 634,979 Materials brokerage............................... 108,181 -- Cold patch asphalt................................ 71,601 34,575 ---------- ---------- $2,659,150 $2,626,731 ========== ==========
4. Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment consists of the following:
March 31 ----------------------- 1999 1998 ----------- ----------- Machinery and equipment......................... $36,046,837 $34,566,360 Office equipment................................ 611,081 568,084 Light trucks and automobiles.................... 626,390 602,662 Buildings and improvements...................... 2,771,627 2,451,368 Land and mineral deposits....................... 1,713,365 1,638,782 ----------- ----------- 41,769,300 39,827,256 Less--Accumulated depreciation, amortization and depletion...................................... 23,568,722 21,367,396 ----------- ----------- 18,200,578 18,459,860 Construction in progress........................ 152,728 613,132 ----------- ----------- $18,353,306 $19,072,992 =========== ===========
F-48 COMMERCIAL STONE CO., INC. AND COMMERCIAL AGGREGATES TRANSPORTATION & SALES, L.P. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) MARCH 31, 1999, 1998 AND 1997 5. Long-Term Debt Long-term debt consists of the following:
March 31 --------------------- 1999 1998 ---------- ---------- Note payable to Dell H. Shearer Marital Trust, due August 15, 2001 (see Note 6)...................... $4,000,000 $4,000,000 Mortgage payable to an individual, payable in monthly installments of $1,793, including interest at 8.5%, collateralized by real property in Washington County, Pennsylvania................... 76,511 90,851 ---------- ---------- 4,076,511 4,090,851 Less--Payments due within one year................. 15,609 14,341 ---------- ---------- $4,060,902 $4,076,510 ========== ==========
6. Related Party Transactions All of the parties mentioned below are related through common ownership. Related party transactions arise between the various entities in the ordinary course of business and are summarized as follows: CSC has a note receivable from Three Rivers Marine & Rail Terminals, L.P. (TRM & RT). The balance outstanding is $1,625,000 and $925,000 at March 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively. There are no fixed repayment terms until maturity in June 2000. Interest at 6% is payable monthly and aggregated $81,000 and $14,000 for the years ended March 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively. There was no balance outstanding during the year ended March 31, 1997. CSC has a note payable to Dell H. Shearer Marital Trust, which has no fixed repayment terms until maturity in August 2001. Interest at 6% is payable monthly and aggregated $240,000 for the three years ended March 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997, respectively. CSC leases the right to mine certain mineral deposits from a related Trust and pays royalties based on units of production. CSC paid royalties of approximately $462,000, $484,000 and $316,000 to the Trust for the three years ended March 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997, respectively. 7. Employee Benefit Plans CSC provides retirement benefits to its union employees under a multi- employer pension plan. Contributions are based on an amount for each hour worked. During the three years ended March 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997, CSC contributed approximately $304,000, $244,000 and $185,000, respectively. CSC also maintains a noncontributory, defined benefit pension plan covering all eligible nonunion employees. Benefits under the Plan are actuarially computed and include a provision for past service costs. CSC makes contributions to the Plan equal to the amounts accrued for pension expense when F-49 COMMERCIAL STONE CO., INC. AND COMMERCIAL AGGREGATES TRANSPORTATION & SALES, L.P. NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) MARCH 31, 1999, 1998 AND 1997 required. Plan assets consist of corporate equity securities and various corporate and government debt obligations. The Plan was overfunded for the three years ended March 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997; thus, CSC did not make any contribution to the Plan. The following sets forth the change in benefit obligation, change in plan assets, funded status, combined Balance Sheets presentation, net periodic pension benefit cost and the relevant assumptions for the Company's defined benefit pension plan at March 31:
March 31 ------------------------ 1999 1998 ----------- ----------- Change in Benefit Obligation: Benefit obligation at beginning of year...... $ 1,784,449 $ 1,600,900 Service cost................................. 200,515 147,095 Interest cost................................ 144,941 114,708 Liability loss (gain)........................ 307,100 (50,887) Benefits paid................................ (25,491) (27,367) ----------- ----------- Benefit Obligation at End of Year............ $ 2,411,514 $ 1,784,449 =========== =========== Change in Plan Assets: Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year........................................ $ 3,661,318 $ 2,910,207 Benefits paid................................ (25,491) (27,367) Investment return............................ 524,822 778,478 ----------- ----------- Fair Value of Plan Assets at End of Year..... $ 4,160,649 $ 3,661,318 =========== =========== Funded Status: Funded status................................ $ 1,749,135 $ 1,876,868 Unrecognized gain............................ (1,067,535) (1,135,035) Prior service costs not yet recognized....... (275,279) (293,631) Unrecognized net transition obligation....... (301,525) (322,509) ----------- ----------- Prepaid Pension Cost......................... $ 104,796 $ 125,693 =========== =========== Amounts Recognized in Combined Balance Sheets: Prepaid Benefit Cost......................... $ 104,796 $ 125,693 =========== ===========
F-50 COMMERCIAL STONE CO., INC. AND COMMERCIAL AGGREGATES TRANSPORTATION & SALES, L.P. NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) MARCH 31, 1999, 1998 AND 1997
March 31 ------------------------------- 1999 1998 1997 --------- --------- --------- Net periodic pension benefit cost: Service cost............................ $ 200,515 $ 147,095 $ 142,730 Interest cost........................... 144,941 114,708 102,400 Expected return on assets............... (255,602) (217,155) (195,825) Transition asset recognition............ (20,983) (20,983) (20,983) Prior service cost amortization......... (18,352) (18,352) (18,352) Net gain recognition.................... (29,622) (16,822) (8,483) --------- --------- --------- Net periodic pension cost (income)........ $ 20,897 $ (11,509) $ 1,487 ========= ========= ========= Weighted-average assumptions: Discount rate........................... 7.0% 7.5% 7.5% Expected return on plan assets.......... 7.0% 7.5% 7.5% Rate of compensation increase........... 5.0% 5.0% 5.0%
F-51 COMMERCIAL STONE CO., INC. AND COMMERCIAL AGGREGATES TRANSPORTATION & SALES, L.P. NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) MARCH 31, 1999, 1998 AND 1997 8. Segment Information The Companies have defined their segments into two main areas: quarries and asphalt. These segments are organized under the supervision of the Companies' executive management team and are evaluated based on the following information presented: customer sales, inter-segment sales, depreciation, depletion and amortization expense and gross profit. All inter-segment transactions are eliminated to arrive at the combined Companies' total. The quarries segment operates two stone quarries that mine stone used in the asphalt and construction businesses. The asphalt segment operates three asphalt plants in Southwestern Pennsylvania under the trade name of Commercial Asphalt Products. The asphalt segment purchases the majority of its stone from the quarries segment. The Companies grant credit to their customers, the majority of whom are in the construction industry in Southwestern Pennsylvania. Credit is generally granted on open account. As permitted by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 131 "Disclosure About Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information," certain information not routinely used in the management of these segments by executive management has been excluded.
Quarries Asphalt Other Eliminations Total ----------- ----------- ---------- ------------ ----------- 1999 Segment Information By Group Customer sales.................. $22,254,871 $23,338,127 $1,771,174 $(5,410,930) $41,953,242 Inter-segment sales..... 5,068,815 -- 342,115 (5,410,930) -- Depreciation, depletion and amortization expense................ 2,188,858 1,009,745 21,919 -- 3,220,522 Gross profit............ 6,948,878 5,197,318 1,129,688 (39,603) 13,236,281 1998 Segment Information by Group Customer sales.................. $19,966,871 $22,149,911 $ 973,305 $(5,337,051) $37,753,036 Inter-segment sales..... 4,957,859 -- 379,192 (5,337,051) -- Depreciation, depletion and amortization expense................ 2,389,335 423,429 4,560 -- 2,817,324 Gross profit............ 5,522,104 3,728,662 783,563 (3,874) 10,030,455 1997 Segment Information by Group Customer sales.................. $16,767,307 $13,265,181 $ 783,057 $(4,096,619) $26,718,926 Inter-segment sales..... 3,784,403 -- 312,216 (4,096,619) -- Depreciation, depletion and amortization expense................ 1,966,319 627,665 4,560 -- 2,598,544 Gross profit............ 4,636,516 844,879 663,427 14,557 6,159,379
9. Commitments Subsequent to March 31, 1999, CSC purchased approximately 228 acres of land and related mineral deposits for approximately $1,645,000. In September 1998, CSC entered into a 25-year lease for the right to mine certain mineral deposits. The guaranteed minimum annual rent is $20,000 and is payable on July 1 of each year. The lease requires CSC to pay a royalty on the average selling price of all extracted minerals from the leased property. The guaranteed minimum rent shall be credited and applied to any royalties due under this agreement. CSC incurred expenses of $10,000 relating to this lease for the year ended March 31, 1999. F-52 COMMERCIAL STONE CO., INC. AND COMMERCIAL AGGREGATES TRANSPORTATION & SALES, L.P. NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) MARCH 31, 1999, 1998 AND 1997 In November 1998, CSC entered into a contract totaling $509,000 for expansion of an asphalt plant. CSC has paid a $100,000 deposit on the contract, which was classified as construction in progress. Management anticipates completion of the contract during the fiscal year ending March 31, 2000. 10. Contingency In November 1998, CSC filed petitions with the Pennsylvania Commonwealth Court seeking review of a Board of Finance and Revenue decision denying CSC's refund of capital stock tax paid for the years ended March 31, 1993, 1994 and 1995. It is CSC's position that it was entitled to claim a manufacturing exemption from Pennsylvania capital stock tax for each of these years. In addition, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania has issued a settlement notice for the years ended March 31, 1996 and 1997, claiming that CSC is not entitled to the manufacturing exemption claimed for these tax years. CSC is contesting these settlement notices. The capital stock tax issue for the years ended March 31, 1998 and 1999 remains unsettled. In connection with the petitions filed in November 1998, CSC is claiming refunds of previously paid taxes approximating $536,000. CSC intends to vigorously pursue its position with the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. However, were CSC's position not to be upheld, CSC would not receive any refund and would be required to pay to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania an additional $623,000 of capital stock tax for the years ended March 31, 1996, 1997, 1998 and 1999 plus any accrued interest. None of these amounts have been recorded in the financial statements, as it is management's position that CSC's claim for a manufacturing exemption will be upheld. F-53 COMMERCIAL STONE CO., INC. AND COMMERCIAL AGGREGATES TRANSPORTATION & SALES, L.P. CONDENSED COMBINED BALANCE SHEETS
September 30, 1999 ------------- ASSETS (Unaudited) CURRENT ASSETS Cash and cash equivalents...................................... $ 598,459 Accounts receivable............................................ 12,396,068 Inventory...................................................... 1,836,231 Prepaid expenses............................................... 161,481 ----------- Total Current Assets......................................... 14,992,239 OTHER ASSETS..................................................... 1,808,275 PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET............................... 19,835,798 ----------- $36,636,312 =========== LIABILITIES CURRENT LIABILITIES Payments due within one year on long-term debt................. $ 66,154 Accounts payable............................................... 3,233,418 Accrued liabilities............................................ 1,823,735 ----------- Total Current Liabilities.................................... 5,123,307 LONG-TERM DEBT................................................... 289,717 ACCRUED RECLAMATION COSTS........................................ 528,666 COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES.................................... -- OWNERS' EQUITY COMMON STOCK Class A Voting--Par value $5 per share, authorized, issued and outstanding 1,200 shares.................................. 6,000 Class B Nonvoting--Par value $5 per share, authorized, issued and outstanding 22,800 shares................................. 114,000 ----------- RETAINED EARNINGS AND PARTNERS' CAPITAL.......................... 30,574,622 ----------- 30,694,622 ----------- $36,636,312 ===========
See notes to the condensed combined financial statements. F-54 COMMERCIAL STONE CO., INC. AND COMMERCIAL AGGREGATES TRANSPORTATION & SALES, L.P. CONDENSED COMBINED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
Six Months Ended September 30 ------------------------ 1999 1998 ----------- ----------- (Unaudited) (Unaudited) SALES................................................. $32,326,503 $27,161,450 COSTS AND EXPENSES Costs of goods sold and operating expenses.......... 19,204,294 14,352,208 Depreciation, depletion and amortization............ 1,563,574 1,575,748 General and administrative expenses................. 2,141,127 1,604,589 ----------- ----------- 22,908,995 17,532,545 ----------- ----------- Income From Operations................................ 9,417,508 9,628,905 OTHER INCOME, NET..................................... 332,060 194,097 INTEREST EXPENSE...................................... (123,118) (123,738) ----------- ----------- 208,942 70,359 ----------- ----------- Net Income............................................ $ 9,626,450 $ 9,699,264 =========== ===========
See notes to the condensed combined financial statements. F-55 COMMERCIAL STONE CO., INC. AND COMMERCIAL AGGREGATES TRANSPORTATION & SALES, L.P. CONDENSED COMBINED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN OWNERS' EQUITY (Unaudited)
Retained Common Earnings and Combined Stock Common Retained Partners' Partners' Owners' Shares(1) Stock(1) Earnings(1) Capital(2) Capital Equity --------- -------- ----------- ---------- ------------ ----------- BALANCE--March 31, 1999................... 24,000 $120,000 $28,897,654 $ 440,081 $29,337,735 $29,457,735 Shareholder and partner distributions.......... -- -- (8,131,439) (258,124) (8,389,563) (8,389,563) Net income.............. -- -- 9,322,712 303,738 9,626,450 9,626,450 ------ -------- ----------- --------- ----------- ----------- BALANCE--September 30, 1999................... 24,000 $120,000 $30,088,927 $ 485,695 $30,574,622 $30,694,622 ====== ======== =========== ========= =========== =========== BALANCE--March 31, 1998................... 24,000 $120,000 $23,205,770 $ 362,331 $23,568,101 $23,688,101 Shareholder and partner distributions.......... -- -- (1,559,196) (218,675) (1,777,871) (1,777,871) Net income.............. -- -- 9,391,828 307,436 9,699,264 9,699,264 ------ -------- ----------- --------- ----------- ----------- BALANCE--September 30, 1998................... 24,000 $120,000 $31,038,402 $ 451,092 $31,489,494 $31,609,494 ====== ======== =========== ========= =========== ===========
- -------- (1) Commercial Stone Co., Inc. (2) Commercial Aggregates Transportation & Sales, L.P. See notes to the condensed combined financial statements. F-56 COMMERCIAL STONE CO., INC. AND COMMERCIAL AGGREGATES TRANSPORTATION & SALES, L.P. CONDENSED COMBINED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Six Months Ended September 30 ------------------------- 1999 1998 ------------ ----------- (Unaudited) (Unaudited) CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES Net income........................................ $ 9,626,450 $ 9,699,264 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities: Depreciation, amortization and depletion.......... 1,563,574 1,575,748 Changes in assets and liabilities: Receivables..................................... (8,850,712) (7,108,996) Inventory....................................... 822,919 31,090 Prepaid expenses and other assets............... 1,997,699 (298,900) Accounts payable................................ 1,392,924 (365,605) Accrued expenses................................ (344,921) 420,412 ------------ ----------- Net Cash Provided By Operating Activities..... 6,207,933 3,953,013 CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES Purchase of property, plant and equipment, net.... (2,766,066) (1,634,482) ------------ ----------- Net Cash Used In Investing Activities......... (2,766,066) (1,634,482) CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES Distributions to stockholders..................... (7,881,563) (1,777,871) Payments on long-term debt........................ (4,000,640) (7,019) ------------ ----------- Net Cash Used In Financing Activities......... (11,882,203) (1,784,890) ------------ ----------- Net (Decrease) Increase In Cash and Cash Equivalents.................................. (8,440,336) 533,641 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS Beginning of period............................... 9,038,795 5,259,985 ------------ ----------- End of period..................................... $ 598,459 $ 5,793,626 ============ =========== SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION Cash paid during the year for interest............ $ 123,000 $ 124,000 ============ ===========
Supplemental disclosures of noncash information included in accrued liabilities at September 30, 1999 are shareholder distributions of $508,000. The Company purchased land and incurred debt of approximately $280,000 during the six months ended September 30, 1999. See notes to the condensed combined financial statements. F-57 COMMERCIAL STONE CO., INC. AND COMMERCIAL AGGREGATES TRANSPORTATION & SALES, L.P. NOTES TO CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 1999 AND 1998 (Unaudited) 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies A summary of significant accounting policies applied by management in the preparation of the accompanying condensed combined financial statements follows. Interim Accounting--Commercial Stone Co., Inc. (CSC) and Commercial Aggregates Transportation & Sales, L.P. (the Companies) combined financial statements for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1999 includes additional information about the Companies, their operations and their combined financial statements, and contains a summary of significant accounting polices followed by the Companies in preparation of their combined financial statements and should be read in conjunction with these condensed combined financial statements. These policies were also followed in preparing these condensed combined financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments which are of a normal and recurring nature necessary for a fair statement of the results of operations of these interim periods have been included. Net income for the six months ended September 30, 1999 is not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full fiscal year. 2. Related Party Transactions During the six months ended September 30, 1999, CSC repaid a $4.0 million note payable to Dell H. Shearer Marital Trust. Additionally, during the six months ended September 30, 1999, Three Rivers Marine & Rail Terminals, L.P. paid a note receivable of $1,625,000 in full to CSC. 3. Inventory Inventory consists of the following:
September 30, 1999 ------------- Mining division stone.................................... $1,207,332 Asphalt division stone................................... 494,446 Materials brokerage...................................... 72,494 Cild patch asphalt....................................... 61,959 ---------- $1,836,231 ==========
4. Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment consists of the following:
September 30, 1999 ----------- Machinery and equipment..................................... $36,534,528 Office equipment............................................ 585,288 Light trucks and automobiles................................ 455,796 Buildings and improvements.................................. 2,796,505 Land and mineral deposits................................... 3,458,741 Construction in progress.................................... 60,000
F-58 COMMERCIAL STONE CO., INC. AND COMMERCIAL AGGREGATES TRANSPORTATION & SALES, L.P. NOTES TO CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 1999 AND 1998 (Unaudited)
September 30, 1999 ----------- 43,890,858 Less--Accumulated depreciation, amortization and deletion................................................ 24,055,060 ----------- $19,835,798 ===========
5. Contingency In November 1998, CSC filed petitions with the Pennsylvania Commonwealth Court seeking review of a Board of Finance and Revenue decision denying CSC's refund of capital stock tax paid for the years ended March 31, 1993, 1994 and 1995. It is CSC's position that it was entitled to claim a manufacturing exemption from Pennsylvania capital stock tax for each of these years. In addition, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania has issued a settlement notice for the years ended March 31, 1996 and 1997, claiming that CSC is not entitled to the manufacturing exemption claimed for these tax years. CSC is contesting these settlement notices. The capital stock tax issue for the years ended March 31, 1998 and 1999 remains unsettled. In connection with the petitions filed in November 1998, CSC is claiming refunds of previously paid taxes approximating $536,000. CSC intends to vigorously pursue its position with the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. However, were CSC's position not to be upheld, CSC would not receive any refund and would be required to pay to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania an additional $623,000 of capital stock tax for the years ended March 31, 1996, 1997, 1998 and 1999 plus any accrued interest. None of these amounts have been recorded in the financial statements, as it is management's position that CSC's claim for a manufacturing exemption will be upheld. 6. Subsequent Events On October 1, 1999, the Companies were purchased, along with a related party that owned the mineral rights, by Better Minerals & Aggregates Company. Pursuant to the acquisition, the mineral rights were recorded as assets by Better Minerals & Aggregates Company and property, plant and equipment were adjusted to their fair value. Additionally, the Companies' tax statuses of S Corporation and limited partnership, respectively, were changed to a C Corporation. F-59 $150,000,000 Better Minerals & Aggregates Company 13% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2009 Chase Securities Inc. -----END PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE-----