AS FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION ON DECEMBER 1, 2015
File Nos. 002-98772
811-04347
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-1A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 | x | |||
Pre-Effective Amendment No. | ¨ | |||
Post-Effective Amendment No. 186 | x |
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 | x | |||
Amendment No. 232 | x |
GMO TRUST
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110
(Address of principal executive offices)
617-330-7500
(Registrants telephone number, including area code)
J.B. Kittredge, Esq.
GMO Trust
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, Massachusetts 02110
(Name and address of agent for service)
with a copy to:
Thomas R. Hiller, Esq.
Ropes & Gray LLP
Prudential Tower
800 Boylston Street
Boston, Massachusetts 02199
It is proposed that this filing will become effective:
x | Immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b) |
¨ | On , pursuant to paragraph (b) |
¨ | 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) |
¨ | On , pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) |
¨ | 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) |
¨ | On , pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485. |
This filing relates solely to GMO SGM Major Markets Fund (formerly known as GMO Systematic Global Macro Opportunity Fund). No information contained herein is intended to amend or supersede any prior filing relating to any other series of the Registrant.
GMO Trust
Prospectus
December 1, 2015
n GMO SGM Major Markets Fund
(formerly known as GMO Systematic Global Macro Opportunity Fund)
Class III: | | |
Class IV: | | |
Class V: | | |
Class VI: | |
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¡ Information about other funds offered by GMO Trust is contained in separate prospectuses. |
¡ Shares of the Fund described in this Prospectus may not be available for purchase in all states. This Prospectus does not offer shares in any state where they may not lawfully be offered. |
Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
40 Rowes Wharf Boston, Massachusetts 02110
The Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission have not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (GMO) is not offering or placing interests in GMO SGM Major Markets Fund (the Fund) to or with or otherwise promoting the Fund to any natural or legal persons domiciled or with a registered office in any European Economic Area (EEA) Member State where the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (Directive 2011/61/EU) is in force and effect. GMO, in its discretion, may accept any such investor into the Fund, but only if it is satisfied that, by accepting such investor, it would not be in breach of any law, rule, regulation or other legislative or administrative measure in or otherwise applicable to the relevant EEA Member State and such investor is otherwise eligible under the laws of such EEA Member State to invest in the Fund. None of the Fund, GMO, their respective affiliates or any natural or legal person acting on their behalf have been registered with, have been approved by or have made a notification to any EEA Member State, European Union or other regulatory, governmental or similar body with respect to the Fund, and no such body has approved, endorsed, reviewed, acquiesced or taken any similar action with respect to any offering, marketing or other promotional materials relating to the Fund.
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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUNDS INVESTMENT STRATEGIES, RISKS, AND EXPENSES |
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i
Investment objective
Long-term total return.
Fees and expenses
The table below describes the fees and expenses that you may bear if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.
Annual Fund operating expenses
(expenses that you bear each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)
Class III | Class IV | Class V | Class VI | |||||||||||||
Management fee |
0.85 | %1,2 | 0.85 | %1,2 | 0.85 | %1,2 | 0.85 | %1,2 | ||||||||
Shareholder service fee |
0.15 | %1 | 0.10 | %1 | 0.085 | %1 | 0.055 | %1 | ||||||||
Other expenses |
0.02 | % | 0.02 | % | 0.02 | % | 0.02 | % | ||||||||
Acquired fund fees and expenses (underlying fund expenses) |
0.01 | % | 0.01 | % | 0.01 | % | 0.01 | % | ||||||||
Total annual operating expenses |
1.03 | % | 0.98 | % | 0.97 | % | 0.94 | % | ||||||||
Expense reimbursement/waiver |
(0.02 | )%1 | (0.02 | )%1 | (0.02 | )%1 | (0.02 | )%1 | ||||||||
Total annual operating expenses after expense reimbursement/waiver (Fund and underlying fund expenses) |
1.01 | % | 0.96 | % | 0.95 | % | 0.92 | % |
1 | Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (GMO) has contractually agreed to reimburse the Fund for the following expenses: audit expenses, fund accounting expenses, pricing service expenses, expenses of non-investment related tax services, transfer agency expenses, expenses of non-investment related legal services provided to the Fund by or at the direction of GMO, federal securities law filing expenses, printing expenses, state and federal registration fees and custody expenses. GMO also has contractually agreed to waive or reduce the Funds management fees and shareholder service fees to the extent necessary to offset the management fees and shareholder service fees paid to GMO that are directly or indirectly borne by the Fund or a class of shares of the Fund as a result of the Funds direct or indirect investments in other series of GMO Trust (GMO Funds). Management fees and shareholder service fees will not be waived below zero as a result of this waiver. This reimbursement and waiver will continue through at least December 1, 2016, and may not be terminated prior to this date without the action or consent of the Funds Board of Trustees. |
2 | The amount has been restated to reflect current management fees. |
Example
This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated, regardless of whether or not you redeem your shares at the end of such periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Funds operating expenses remain the same as those shown in the table. The amounts shown reflect the expense reimbursement and waiver noted in the expense table for the first year. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1 Year |
3 Years |
5 Years |
10 Years | |||||
Class III |
$103 | $337 | $589 | $1,311 | ||||
Class IV |
$ 98 | $321 | $562 | $1,253 | ||||
Class V |
$ 97 | $316 | $552 | $1,231 | ||||
Class VI |
$ 94 | $306 | $536 | $1,196 |
Portfolio turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities. A higher portfolio turnover rate may result in higher transaction costs and, when Fund shares are held in a taxable account, higher taxes. These costs, which are not reflected in Annual Fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Funds performance. During its fiscal year ended February 28, 2015, the Funds portfolio turnover rate (including the accounts of the Funds wholly-owned subsidiary, GMO Alternative Asset SPC Ltd., and excluding short-term investments) was 45% of the average value of its portfolio.
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Principal investment strategies
The Fund typically invests in a range of global equity, bond, currency, and commodity markets using exchange-traded futures and forward non-U.S. exchange contracts, as well as making other investments. The Fund seeks to take advantage of GMOs proprietary investment models for global tactical asset allocation and equity, bond, currency, and commodity market selection.
The Fund normally invests assets not held as margin for futures or forward transactions or paid as option premiums in cash directly (i.e., Treasury Bills) or money market funds. The Fund also may invest in U.S. and non-U.S. fixed income securities of any credit quality, maturity or duration and in shares of other GMO Funds (such other GMO Funds, the underlying GMO Funds), including GMO U.S. Treasury Fund (U.S. Treasury Fund), which is described in a separate prospectus. See Investment in Other GMO Funds below for a more detailed description of U.S. Treasury Funds investment objective and strategies.
GMOs models for this systematic process are based on the following strategies:
| Value-Based Strategies. Value factors compare the price of an asset class or market to an economic fundamental value. Generally, value strategies include yield analysis and mean reversion analysis. |
| Sentiment-Based Strategies. Generally, sentiment-based strategies assess factors such as risk aversion, analyst behavior, and momentum. |
In implementing the Funds investment strategy, GMO seeks to take risk positions that, in GMOs view, are proportionate to the return opportunities. As a result, during time periods when GMO believes the return opportunities are low relative to the risks involved, the Fund may take less risk (or no risk) relative to the Funds benchmark.
GMO may eliminate strategies or add new strategies in response to additional research, changing market conditions, or other factors. The factors considered and investment methods used by GMO can change over time.
The Fund may gain exposure to commodities and some other assets by investing through a wholly-owned subsidiary. GMO serves as the investment manager to this subsidiary but does not receive any additional management or other fees for its services. The subsidiary invests primarily in commodity-related derivatives and fixed income securities, but also may invest in any other investments in which the Fund may invest directly. References in this Prospectus to the Fund may refer to actions undertaken by the Fund or the subsidiary company. The Fund does not invest directly in commodities and commodity-related derivatives.
The Funds benchmark is the Citigroup 3-Month Treasury Bill Index. The Fund does not maintain a specified interest rate duration for its portfolio.
The Fund is not limited in its use of derivatives or in the total notional value of its derivative positions. As a result of its derivative positions, the Fund typically has gross investment exposures in excess of its net assets (i.e., the Fund typically is leveraged) and therefore is subject to heightened risk of loss. The Funds performance can depend substantially, if not primarily, on the performance of assets or indices underlying its derivatives even though it does not own those assets or indices.
Principal risks of investing in the Fund
The value of the Funds shares changes with the value of the Funds investments. Many factors can affect this value, and you may lose money by investing in the Fund. An investment in the Fund is subject to different risks, and greater overall risk, than an investment in the underlying components of the Funds benchmark. References to investments include those held directly by the Fund and indirectly through the Funds investments in its wholly-owned subsidiary and in underlying funds. The Fund and some of the underlying GMO Funds are non-diversified investment companies under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and therefore a decline in the market price of a particular security held by the Fund or those underlying GMO Funds may affect the Funds or an underlying GMO Funds performance more than if the Fund or the underlying GMO Fund were a diversified investment company. The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. For a more complete discussion of these risks, including those risks to which the Fund is exposed as a result of its investments in its wholly-owned subsidiary and in underlying funds, see Description of Principal Risks.
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| Management and Operational Risk The Fund runs the risk that GMOs investment techniques will fail to produce desired results. GMO uses quantitative analyses and models as part of its investment process, and relies heavily on quantitative models in making investment decisions for the Fund. GMOs models support portfolio decisions but are not necessarily predictive of future market events. These analyses and models also make simplifying assumptions that may limit their effectiveness. The data available and utilized for analysis or manipulation by the models is subject to limitations (e.g., inaccuracies, staleness). Any of those assumptions and/or limitations could adversely affect the Funds performance. The Fund also runs the risk that GMOs assessment of an investment may be wrong or that deficiencies in GMOs or another service providers internal systems or controls will cause losses for the Fund or impair Fund operations. |
| Market Risk Equities The market prices of equities may decline due to factors affecting the issuing companies, their industries, or the economy and equity markets generally. If the Fund purchases equities for less than their value as determined by GMO, the Fund runs the risk that the market prices of these equities will not appreciate or will decline for a variety of reasons, one of which may be GMOs incorrect assessment of their intrinsic value. The Fund also may purchase equities that typically trade at higher multiples of current earnings than other securities, and the market prices of these equities often are more sensitive to changes in future earnings expectations than the market prices of equities trading at lower multiples. Declines in stock market prices generally are likely to reduce the net asset value of the Funds shares. |
| Currency Risk Fluctuations in exchange rates can adversely affect the market value of the Funds foreign currency holdings and investments denominated in foreign currencies. |
| Commodities Risk Commodities prices can be extremely volatile, and exposure to commodities can cause the net asset value of the Funds shares to decline or fluctuate in a rapid and unpredictable manner. |
| Market Risk Fixed Income Investments The market price of a fixed income investment can decline due to market-related factors, including rising interest rates and widening credit spreads, or decreased liquidity stemming from the markets uncertainty about the value of a fixed income investment (or class of fixed income investments). |
| Non-U.S. Investment Risk The market prices of many non-U.S. securities fluctuate more than those of U.S. securities. Many non-U.S. securities markets are less stable, smaller, less liquid and less regulated than U.S. securities markets, and the cost of trading in those markets often is higher than in U.S. securities markets. Non-U.S. portfolio transactions generally involve higher commission rates, transfer taxes, and custodial costs than similar transactions in the United States. In addition, the Fund may be subject to non-U.S. taxes, including potentially on a retroactive basis, on (i) capital gains it realizes or dividends, interest, or other amounts it realizes or accrues in respect of non-U.S. investments, (ii) transactions in those investments, and (iii) repatriation of proceeds generated from the sale or other disposition of those investments. For information on possible special Australian and Singapore tax consequences of an investment in the Fund, see Distributions and Taxes. Also, the Fund needs a license to invest directly in many non-U.S. securities markets, and the Fund is subject to the risk that it could not invest if its license were terminated or suspended. In some non-U.S. securities markets, prevailing custody and trade settlement practices (e.g., the requirement to pay for securities prior to receipt) expose the Fund to credit and other risks. Further, adverse changes in investment regulations, capital requirements or exchange controls could adversely affect the value of the Funds investments. These and other risks (e.g., nationalization, expropriation or other confiscation of assets of non-U.S. issuers) tend to be greater for investments in companies tied economically to emerging countries, the economies of which may be predominantly based on only a few industries or dependent on revenues from particular commodities and which often are more volatile than the economies of developed countries. |
| Market Disruption and Geopolitical Risk Geopolitical and other events may disrupt securities markets and adversely affect global economies and markets. Those events, as well as other changes in non-U.S. and U.S. economic and political conditions, could adversely affect the value of the Funds investments. |
| Derivatives and Short Sales Risk The use of derivatives involves the risk that their value may not change as expected relative to changes in the value of the underlying assets, rates, or indices. Derivatives also present other risks, including market risk, illiquidity risk, currency risk, credit risk, and counterparty risk. In addition, the risks of loss associated with derivatives that provide short investment exposure and short sales of securities are theoretically unlimited. |
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| Leveraging Risk The use of reverse repurchase agreements and other derivatives creates leverage. Leverage increases the Funds losses when the value of its investments (including derivatives) declines. |
| Focused Investment Risk Investments focused in countries, regions, sectors, industries, or issuers that are subject to the same or similar risk factors and investments whose prices are strongly correlated are subject to greater overall risk than investments that are more diversified. |
| Counterparty Risk The Fund runs the risk that the counterparty to a derivatives contract, a clearing member used by the Fund to hold a cleared derivatives contract, or a borrower of the Funds securities will be unable or unwilling to make timely settlement payments, return the Funds margin, or otherwise honor its obligations. |
| Market Risk Asset-Backed Securities The market price of fixed income investments with complex structures, such as asset-backed securities, can decline due to a variety of factors, including market uncertainty about their credit quality and the reliability of their payment streams. Payment streams associated with asset-backed securities held by the Fund depend on many factors (e.g., the cash flow generated by the assets backing the securities, the deal structure, the credit worthiness of any credit-support provider, and the reliability of various other service providers with access to the payment stream), and a problem in any one of these factors can lead to a reduction in the payment stream GMO expected the Fund to receive at the time the Fund purchased the asset-backed security. |
| Credit Risk The Fund runs the risk that the issuer or guarantor of a fixed income investment or the obligor of an obligation underlying an asset-backed security will be unable or unwilling to satisfy its obligation to pay principal and interest or otherwise to honor its obligations in a timely manner. The market price of a fixed income investment will normally decline as a result of the issuers, guarantors, or obligors failure to meet its payment obligations. Below investment grade securities have speculative characteristics, and changes in economic conditions or other circumstances are more likely to impair the ability of issuers of those securities to make principal and interest payments than is the case with issuers of investment grade securities. |
| Illiquidity Risk Low trading volume, lack of a market maker, large position size or legal restrictions may limit or prevent the Fund from selling particular securities or closing derivative positions at desirable prices. |
| Fund of Funds Risk The Fund is indirectly exposed to all of the risks of its investment in its wholly-owned subsidiary and the underlying funds in which it invests, including the risk that its wholly-owned subsidiary and those underlying funds will not perform as expected. |
| Large Shareholder Risk To the extent that a large number of shares of the Fund is held by a single shareholder (e.g., an institutional investor or another GMO Fund) or a group of shareholders with a common investment strategy (e.g., GMO asset allocation accounts), the Fund is subject to the risk that a redemption by those shareholders of all or a large portion of their Fund shares will cause the Fund to sell securities at disadvantageous prices or otherwise will disrupt the Funds operations. |
Performance
The bar chart and table below provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the Funds annual total returns from year to year for the periods indicated and by comparing the Funds average annual total returns for different calendar periods with those of a broad-based index and a composite index computed by GMO. After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns shown are not relevant if you are tax-exempt or if you hold your Fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements (such as a 401(k) plan or individual retirement account). Updated performance information for the Fund is available at www.gmo.com. Past performance (before and after taxes) is not an indication of future performance. Prior to October 3, 2011, the Fund was managed pursuant to a materially different investment strategy and would have achieved materially different performance results from those shown for periods prior to October 3, 2011 under its current investment strategy.
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Annual Total Returns/Class III Shares
Years Ending December 31
Highest Quarter: 12.14% (4Q2010)
Lowest Quarter: -22.27% (4Q2008)
Year-to-Date (as of 09/30/15): 0.88%
Average Annual Total Returns
Periods Ending December 31, 2014
1 Year | 5 Years | Incept. | ||||||
Class III |
4/11/05 | |||||||
Return Before Taxes |
3.66% | 3.51% | 2.85% | |||||
Return After Taxes on Distributions |
3.66% | 3.51% | 2.85% | |||||
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares |
2.07% | 2.72% | 2.23% | |||||
Citigroup 3-Month Treasury Bill Index (Fund benchmark) (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes) |
0.03% | 0.07% | 1.44% | |||||
Citigroup 3-Month Treasury Bill Index+++ (Composite Index) |
0.03% | 0.38% | 1.49% |
Management of the Fund
Investment Adviser: Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
Sub-Adviser: GMO Singapore Pte. Limited
Investment Team and Senior Member of GMO primarily responsible for portfolio management of the Fund:
Investment Team |
Senior Member (Length of Service with Fund) |
Title | ||
Systematic Global Macro |
Jason Halliwell (since 2011) | Head, Systematic Global Macro Team, GMO. |
Purchase and sale of Fund shares
Under ordinary circumstances, you may purchase the Funds shares directly from GMO Trust (the Trust) on days when both the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and the U.S. bond markets are open for business. In addition, certain brokers and agents are authorized to accept purchase and redemption orders on the Funds behalf.
An investors eligibility to purchase Fund shares or different classes of Fund shares depends on its meeting either (i) the Minimum Total Fund Investment, which includes only an investors total investment in the Fund, or (ii) the Minimum Total GMO Investment, both of which are set forth in the table below. For investors owning shares of the Fund, no minimum additional investment is required to purchase additional shares of the Fund.
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Minimum investment criteria for class eligibility
Minimum Total Fund Investment | Minimum Total GMO Investment | |||
Class III Shares |
N/A | $10 million | ||
Class IV Shares |
$125 million | $250 million | ||
Class V Shares |
$250 million | $500 million | ||
Class VI Shares |
$300 million | $750 million |
Fund shares are redeemable. Under ordinary circumstances, you may redeem the Funds shares on days when both the NYSE and the U.S. bond markets are open for business. Redemption orders should be submitted directly to the Trust unless the Fund shares to be redeemed were purchased through a broker or agent, in which case the redemption order should be submitted to that broker or agent. For instructions on redeeming shares directly, call the Trust at 1-617-346-7646 or send an e-mail to SHS@GMO.com.
Purchase order forms and redemption orders can be submitted by mail, facsimile, or e-mail (or by other form of communication pre-approved by GMO Shareholder Services) to the Trust at:
GMO Trust
c/o Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, Massachusetts 02110
Facsimile: 1-617-439-4192
Attention: Shareholder Services
E-mail: clientorder@gmo.com
U.S. tax information
The Fund intends to elect to be treated and to qualify and be treated each year as a regulated investment company (RIC) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code) for U.S. federal income tax purposes and to distribute net investment income and net realized capital gains, if any, to shareholders. These distributions generally are taxable to U.S. shareholders as ordinary income or capital gains, unless such U.S. shareholders are exempt from income tax or are investing through a tax-advantaged account. U.S. shareholders who are investing through a tax-advantaged account may be taxed upon withdrawals from that account.
Effective on or about December 1, 2015, GMO Systematic Global Macro Opportunity Fund (the Predecessor Fund) will change its name to GMO SGM Major Markets Fund and will elect to change its federal income tax status from that of a partnership to a corporation (such corporation, the Fund). At that time, the Funds assets may have an aggregate value that significantly exceeds their aggregate tax basis. The Fund further intends to elect and to qualify to be treated as a RIC. The Predecessor Funds election to be treated as a corporation potentially will accelerate or increase gains realized with respect to the Predecessor Funds assets and allocated to its shareholders relative to the gains potentially allocated to such shareholders in the absence of the election. Commencing with the election to be treated as a corporation, the Fund will not allocate gain or loss it realizes to its shareholders; rather it will recognize gain or loss and make distributions to shareholders necessary to qualify as a RIC and avoid a fund-level tax, as described further below. Those distributions, which may be significant, will be taxable to shareholders of the Fund when Fund shares are held in a taxable account as either ordinary income or long-term capital gain, as described more fully below in Distributions and Taxes. The election to be treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes potentially will result in an adjustment to the tax basis of the assets held by the Fund, relative to what it was in the Predecessor Funds hands, potentially affecting the amount or timing of Fund distributions to shareholders, and will cause each shareholder to have a split holding period in Fund shares immediately following the change in tax status.
Financial intermediary compensation
If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker, agent or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), GMO may pay the financial intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker or other financial intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or consult your financial intermediarys website for more information.
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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUNDS INVESTMENT STRATEGIES, RISKS, AND EXPENSES
Fund Summary. The preceding section contains a summary of the investment objective, fees and expenses, principal investment strategies, principal risks, performance, management, and other important information for the Fund. The summary is not all-inclusive, and the Fund may make investments, employ strategies, and be exposed to risks that are not described in its summary. More information about the Funds investments and strategies is contained in the Statement of Additional Information (SAI). See page 41 of this Prospectus for information about how to receive the SAI. Additional information about the Funds benchmark may be found under Benchmark below.
Fundamental Investment Objective/Policies. The Board of Trustees (Trustees) of the Trust may change the Funds investment objective or policies without shareholder approval or prior notice unless an objective or policy is identified in this Prospectus or in the SAI as fundamental. Neither the Fund nor GMO guarantees that the Fund will be able to achieve its investment objective.
Tax Consequences. Unless otherwise specified in this Prospectus or in the SAI, GMO is not obligated to, and generally will not, consider tax consequences when seeking to achieve the Funds investment objective (e.g., the Fund may engage in transactions or make investments in a manner that is not tax efficient for U.S. federal income or other federal, state, local, or non-U.S. tax purposes).
In particular, the Funds investment either directly or indirectly through a wholly-owned subsidiary could affect the amount, timing and character of its distributions and could cause the Fund to recognize taxable income in excess of the cash generated by such investment, requiring the Fund in turn to liquidate investments at disadvantageous times to generate cash needed to make required distributions. See Distributions and Taxes below and Taxes in the SAI for more information about the tax consequences of the Funds investments through a wholly-owned subsidiary.
Because portfolio turnover is not a principal consideration when GMO makes investment decisions for the Fund, GMO may cause the Fund to trade more frequently at times based on its assessment of market conditions and purchase or redemption requests. The Fund is not subject to any limit on the frequency with which portfolio securities may be purchased or sold. High turnover rates may create additional taxable income and gains for shareholders. If portfolio turnover results in the recognition of short-term capital gains, those gains, when distributed, typically are taxed to shareholders at ordinary income tax rates. See Distributions and Taxes below for more information.
Certain Definitions. When used in this Prospectus, the term invest includes both direct and indirect investing and the term investments includes both direct and indirect investments. For example, the Fund may invest indirectly in a given asset or asset class by investing in another GMO Fund or a wholly-owned subsidiary or by investing in derivatives and synthetic instruments.
When used in this Prospectus, (i) the terms bonds, fixed income investments, and fixed income securities include (a) obligations of an issuer to make payments on future dates of principal, interest (whether fixed or variable) or both and (b) synthetic debt instruments created by GMO by using derivatives (e.g., a futures contract, swap contract, currency forward or option); (ii) the term duration refers to the weighted measure of interest rate sensitivity of a fixed income security; (iii) the term emerging countries means the worlds less developed countries; (iv) the term equities refers to investments (as defined above) in common and preferred stocks and other stock-related securities, such as convertible securities, depositary receipts, and exchange-traded equity real estate investment trusts (REITs) and income trusts; (v) the term sovereign debt refers to a fixed income security issued or guaranteed by a government or a governmental agency or political subdivision, or synthetic sovereign debt; and (vi) the term total return includes capital appreciation and income.
Credit Quality. For purposes of this Prospectus, the term investment grade refers to a rating of Baa3/P-2 or better by Moodys Investors Service, Inc. (Moodys) or BBB-/A-2 or better by Standard & Poors Ratings Services (S&P) and the term below investment grade refers to any rating by Moodys or by S&P below those ratings. Fixed income securities rated below investment grade are commonly referred to as high yield or junk bonds. In addition, in this Prospectus, securities and commercial paper that are rated Aa/P-1 or better by Moodys or AA/A-1 or better by S&P are sometimes referred to as high quality. Securities referred to in this Prospectus as investment grade, below investment grade, or high quality include securities rated by Moodys, S&P or both, and unrated securities that GMO determines have comparable credit qualities.
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Investments in Other GMO Funds. The Fund may invest in other GMO Funds. See Investment in Other GMO Funds on page 39 of this Prospectus for a more detailed description of the investment objectives and strategies of these GMO Funds.
Investments in U.S. Treasury Fund and Unaffiliated Money Market Funds. The Fund may invest in GMO U.S. Treasury Fund and in money market funds unaffiliated with GMO.
Benchmark and Comparative Indices. The Funds benchmark is the Citigroup 3-Month Treasury Bill Index, which is an independently maintained and widely published index comprised of short-term U.S. Treasury bills.
The Citigroup 3-Month Treasury Bill+++ Index is an internally maintained composite benchmark computed by GMO, comprised of (i) 50% J.P. Morgan U.S. 3 Month Cash Index and 50% Dow Jones-UBS Commodity Index through 10/3/2011 and (ii) the Citigroup 3-Month Treasury Bill Index thereafter. The J.P. Morgan U.S. 3 Month Cash Index is an independently maintained and widely published index comprised of three month U.S. dollar Euro-deposits. The Dow Jones-UBS Commodity Index is an independently maintained and widely published index that is currently composed of futures contracts on a diversified basket of commodities traded on U.S. exchanges.
Fee and Expense Information. The following paragraphs contain additional information about the fee and expense information included in the Fund Summary.
Annual Fund Operating Expenses Other Expenses and Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses. The amounts listed under Other expenses in the Annual Fund operating expenses table included in the Fund Summary generally reflect direct expenses associated with an investment in the Fund for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2015. The Fund may invest in other GMO Funds as well as exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and other pooled investment vehicles (collectively, the acquired funds), and the indirect net expenses associated with the Funds investment (if any) in acquired funds are reflected in Other expenses if those expenses are less than 0.01% of the average net assets of the Fund. If the indirect net expenses associated with the Funds investment in acquired funds (acquired fund fees and expenses) are 0.01% or more of the Funds average net assets, these expenses are reflected in the Annual Fund operating expenses table under Acquired fund fees and expenses. Acquired fund fees and expenses do not include expenses associated with investments in the securities of unaffiliated companies unless those companies hold themselves out to be investment companies. Acquired fund fees and expenses generally are based on expenses incurred by the Fund for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2015, and actual indirect expenses will vary depending on the particular acquired funds in which the Fund invests.
Fee and Expense Examples. The expense example under Example included in the Fund Summary assumes that a shareholder reinvests all dividends and distributions, if any.
Temporary Defensive Positions. Temporary defensive positions are positions that are inconsistent with the Funds principal investment strategies and are taken in response to adverse market, economic, political, or other conditions.
The Fund may take temporary defensive positions if deemed prudent by GMO. To the extent the Fund takes a temporary defensive position, or otherwise holds cash, cash equivalents, or high quality debt investments on a temporary basis, the Fund may not achieve its investment objective.
Fund Codes. See Fund Codes on page 40 of this Prospectus for information regarding the Funds ticker, news-media symbol, and CUSIP number.
This Prospectus does not offer shares of the Trust in any state where they may not lawfully be offered.
DESCRIPTION OF PRINCIPAL RISKS
Investing in mutual funds involves many risks. Factors that may affect the Funds portfolio as a whole, called principal risks, are discussed briefly in the Fund Summary and in additional detail in this section. The risks of investing in the Fund depend on the types of investments in its portfolio and the investment strategies GMO employs on its behalf. This section describes the principal risks and some related risks but does not describe every potential risk of investing in the Fund. The Fund could be subject to additional risks because of the types of investments it makes and market conditions, which may change over time. The SAI includes more information about the Fund and its investments.
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To the extent the Fund invests in other GMO Funds or other investment companies (collectively, underlying funds) or in a wholly-owned subsidiary (as indicated under Principal Investment Strategies in the Fund Summary and further described in Additional Information About the Funds Investment Strategies, Risks, and Expenses), it is exposed to the risks to which the underlying funds or wholly-owned subsidiary are exposed, as well as the risk that the underlying funds or wholly-owned subsidiary will not perform as expected. Therefore, unless otherwise noted, the principal risks summarized below include both direct and indirect risks, and, as indicated in the Additional Information About the Funds Investment Strategies, Risks, and Expenses section of this Prospectus, references in this section to investments made by the Fund include those made both directly by the Fund and indirectly by the Fund through underlying funds or a wholly-owned subsidiary.
An investment in the Fund, by itself, generally does not provide a complete investment program but rather is intended to serve as part of an investors overall investment program. An investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and, therefore, is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.
MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONAL RISK. The Fund is subject to management risk because it relies on GMO to achieve its investment objective. The Fund runs the risk that GMOs investment techniques will fail to produce desired results and cause the Fund to incur significant losses. GMO also may fail to use derivatives effectively, choosing to hedge or not to hedge positions at disadvantageous times.
As described in the Fund summary, GMO uses quantitative analyses and models as part of its investment process. GMOs models support portfolio decisions but are not necessarily predictive of future market events. These analyses and models also make simplifying assumptions that may limit their effectiveness. The data available and utilized for analysis or manipulation by the models is subject to limitations (e.g., inaccuracies, staleness). Any of those assumptions and/or limitations could adversely affect the Funds performance. The Fund also runs the risk that GMOs assessment of an investment may be wrong.
GMO relies heavily on quantitative models in making investment decisions for the Fund. The usefulness of those models may be diminished by the faulty incorporation of mathematical models into computer code, by reliance on proprietary and third-party technology that may include bugs or viruses, and by the retrieval of imperfect data for processing by the model. These aspects are present in the ordinary course of business and are more likely to occur at times of rapidly changing models. Any of these aspects could adversely affect the Funds performance.
There can be no assurance that key GMO personnel will continue to be employed by GMO. The loss of their services could have an adverse impact on GMOs ability to achieve the Funds investment objective.
The Fund also is subject to the risk of loss as a result of other services provided by GMO and other service providers, including pricing, administrative, accounting, tax, legal, custody, transfer agency, and other services. Operational risk includes the possibility of loss caused by inadequate procedures and controls, human error, and system failures by a service provider. For example, trading delays or errors could prevent the Fund from benefiting from potential investment gains or avoiding losses. GMO is not contractually liable to the Fund for losses associated with operational risk absent its willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of its contractual obligations to provide services to the Fund. Other Fund service providers also have contractual limitations on their liability to the Fund for losses resulting from their errors.
The Fund and its service providers (including GMO) are susceptible to cyber-attacks and technological malfunctions that may have effects that are similar to those of a cyber-attack. Cyber-attacks include, among others, stealing or corrupting data maintained online or digitally, preventing legitimate users from accessing information or services on a website, releasing confidential information without authorization, and causing operational disruption. Successful cyber-attacks against, or security breakdowns of, the Fund, GMO, a sub-adviser, or a custodian, transfer agent, or other service provider may adversely affect the Fund or its shareholders. For instance, cyber-attacks may interfere with the processing of shareholder transactions, affect the Funds ability to calculate its net asset value, cause the release of private shareholder information or confidential Fund information, impede trading, cause reputational damage, and subject the Fund to regulatory fines, penalties or financial losses, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and additional compliance costs. While GMO has established business continuity plans and systems designed to prevent cyber-attacks, such plans and systems are subject to inherent limitations. Similar types of cyber security risks also are present for issuers of securities in which the Fund invest, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers, and may cause the Funds investment in such securities to lose value.
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MARKET RISK. The Fund is subject to market risk, which is the risk that the market value of its holdings will decline. Market risks include:
Equities. To the extent the Fund invests in equities, it is subject to the risk that the market prices of equities will decline. That decline may be attributable to factors affecting the issuing company, such as poor performance by the companys management or reduced demand for its goods or services, or to factors affecting a particular industry, such as a decline in demand, labor or raw material shortages, or increased production costs. A decline also may result from general market conditions not specifically related to a company or industry, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates, or adverse investor sentiment generally. Equities generally have significant price volatility, and their market prices can decline in a rapid or unpredictable manner. If the Fund purchases equities for less than their value as determined by GMO, the Fund runs the risk that their market price will not appreciate or will decline for a variety of reasons, one of which may be GMOs incorrect assessment of their intrinsic value. The market prices of equities trading at high multiples of current earnings often are more sensitive to changes in future earnings expectations than the market prices of equities trading at lower multiples.
Fixed Income Investments. To the extent the Fund invests in fixed income securities (including bonds, notes, bills, synthetic debt instruments, and asset-backed securities) it is subject to various market risks. The market price of a fixed income investment can decline due to market-related factors, including rising interest rates and widening credit spreads, or decreased liquidity stemming from the markets uncertainty about the value of a fixed income investment (or class of fixed income investments). In addition, the market price of fixed income investments with complex structures, such as asset-backed securities, and sovereign and quasi-sovereign debt instruments can decline due to market uncertainty about their credit quality and the reliability of their payment streams. Some fixed income securities also are subject to unscheduled prepayment, and the Fund may be unable to invest prepayments at as high a yield as was provided by the fixed income security. When interest rates rise, these securities also may be repaid more slowly than anticipated, and the market price of the Funds investment may decrease. During periods of economic uncertainty and change, the market price of the Funds investments in below investment grade securities (commonly referred to as junk bonds) may be particularly volatile. Often below investment grade securities are subject to greater sensitivity to interest rate and economic changes than higher rated bonds and can be more difficult to value (see Determination of Net Asset Value), exposing the Fund to the risk that the price at which it sells them will be less than the price at which they were valued when held by the Fund. See Credit Risk and Illiquidity Risk below for more information about these risks.
To the extent the Fund has significant investments in fixed income securities, it is subject to the risk that an increase in prevailing interest rates will cause the market price of those securities to decline. The risk associated with increases in interest rates (also called interest rate risk) is generally greater to the extent the Fund invests in fixed income securities with longer durations.
The extent to which a fixed income securitys price changes with changes in interest rates is referred to as interest rate duration, which can be measured mathematically or empirically. A longer-maturity investment generally has longer interest rate duration because the investments fixed rate is locked in for a longer period of time. Floating-rate or adjustable-rate securities, however, generally have shorter interest rate durations because their interest rates are not fixed but rather float up and down as interest rates change. Conversely, inverse floating-rate securities have durations that move in the opposite direction from short-term interest rates and thus tend to underperform fixed rate securities when interest rates rise but outperform them when interest rates decline. Fixed income securities paying no interest, such as zero coupon and principal-only securities, are subject to additional interest rate risk.
The market price of inflation-indexed bonds (including Inflation-Protected Securities issued by the U.S. Treasury (TIPS)) typically declines during periods of rising real interest rates (i.e., nominal interest rate minus inflation) and increases during periods of declining real interest rates. In some interest rate environments, such as when real interest rates are rising faster than nominal interest rates, the market price of inflation-indexed bonds may decline more than the price of non-inflation indexed (or nominal) fixed income bonds with similar maturities.
Fixed income securities denominated in foreign currencies also are subject to currency risk. See Currency Risk below.
In response to government intervention, economic or market developments, or other factors, fixed income markets may experience periods of high volatility, reduced liquidity or both. During those periods, the Fund could have unusually
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high shareholder redemptions, requiring it to generate cash by selling securities when it would otherwise not do so, including at unfavorable prices. Fixed income investments may be difficult to value during such periods. In recent periods, central banks and governmental financial regulators, including the U.S. Federal Reserve, have maintained historically low interest rates by purchasing bonds. Steps to curtail or taper such activities and other actions by central banks or regulators (such as intervention in foreign currency markets or currency controls) could have a material adverse effect on the Fund.
Asset-Backed Securities. Investments in asset-backed securities not only are subject to all of the market risks described above for fixed income securities but to other market risks as well.
To the extent the Fund invests in asset-backed securities, it is exposed to greater risk of severe credit downgrades, illiquidity, and defaults than many other types of fixed income investments. These risks are particularly acute during periods of adverse market conditions, such as those that occurred in 2008. Asset-backed securities may be backed by many types of assets, including pools of residential and commercial mortgages, automobile loans, educational loans, home equity loans, and credit-card receivables. They also may be backed by pools of corporate or sovereign bonds, bank loans to corporations, or a combination of bonds and loans (commonly referred to as collateralized debt obligations or collateralized loan obligations) and by the fees payable to service providers.
As described under Market Risk Fixed Income Investments above, the market price of fixed income investments with complex structures, such as asset-backed securities, can decline due to a variety of factors, including market uncertainty about their credit quality and the reliability of their payment streams. Payment of interest on asset-backed securities and repayment of principal largely depend on the cash flow generated by the assets backing the securities, as well as the deal structure (e.g., the amount of underlying assets or other support available to produce the cash flows necessary to service interest and make principal payments), the quality of the underlying assets, the level of credit support and the credit quality of the credit-support provider, if any, and the reliability of various other service providers with access to the payment stream. A problem in any one of these factors can lead to a reduction in the payment stream GMO expected the Fund to receive at the time the Fund purchased the asset-backed security. Asset-backed securities involve risk of loss of principal if obligors of the underlying obligations default and the value of the defaulted obligations exceeds whatever credit support the securities may have. Asset-backed securities backed by sub-prime mortgage loans, in particular, may expose the Fund to significantly greater declines in value due to defaults because sub-prime mortgage loans are typically made to less creditworthy borrowers and thus have a higher risk of default than conventional mortgage loans. The obligations of issuers (and obligors of asset-backed securities) also are subject to bankruptcy, insolvency and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors. See Credit Risk below for more information about credit risk.
With the deterioration of worldwide economic and liquidity conditions that occurred and became acute in 2008, the markets for asset-backed securities became fractured, and uncertainty about the creditworthiness of those securities (and underlying assets) caused credit spreads (the difference between yields on asset-backed securities and U.S. Government securities) to widen dramatically. Concurrently, systemic risks of the type evidenced by the insolvency of Lehman Brothers and subsequent market disruptions reduced the ability of financial institutions to make markets in many fixed income securities. These events reduced liquidity and contributed to substantial declines in the market prices of asset-backed and other fixed income securities. These conditions may occur again. Also, government actions and proposals affecting the terms of underlying home and consumer loans, changes in demand for products (e.g., automobiles) financed by those loans, and the inability of borrowers to refinance existing loans (e.g., sub-prime mortgages) have had, and may continue to have, adverse valuation and liquidity effects on asset-backed securities.
The market price of an asset-backed security may depend on the servicing of its underlying assets and is, therefore, subject to risks associated with the negligence or defalcation of its servicer. In some circumstances, the mishandling of documentation for underlying assets also may affect the rights of holders of those underlying assets. The insolvency of an entity that generated the assets underlying an asset-backed security is likely to result in a decline in the market price of that security, as well as costs and delays. The obligations underlying asset-backed securities, in particular securities backed by pools of residential and commercial mortgages, also are subject to unscheduled prepayment, and the Fund may be unable to invest prepayments at as high a yield as was provided by the asset-backed security. When interest rates rise, these obligations also may be repaid more slowly than anticipated, and the market price of the Funds investment may decrease. In addition, the existence of insurance on an asset-backed security does not guarantee that the principal and interest will be paid because the insurer could default on its obligations.
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The risk of investing in asset-backed securities has increased since the deterioration in worldwide economic and liquidity conditions referred to above because performance of the various sectors in which the assets underlying asset-backed securities are concentrated (e.g., auto loans, student loans, sub-prime mortgages, and credit card receivables) has become more highly correlated. See Focused Investment Risk below for more information about risks of investing in correlated sectors. A single financial institution may serve as trustee for many asset-backed securities. As a result, a disruption in that institutions business may have a material impact on many investments.
CURRENCY RISK. Currency risk is the risk that fluctuations in exchange rates will adversely affect the market value of the Funds investments. Currency risk includes the risk that the foreign currencies in which the Funds investments are traded, in which the Fund receives income, or in which the Fund has taken a position, will decline in value relative to the U.S. dollar. Currency risk also includes the risk that the currency to which the Fund has obtained exposure through hedging declines in value relative to the currency being hedged, in which event the Fund may realize a loss on both the hedging instrument and the currency being hedged. Currency exchange rates can fluctuate significantly for many reasons. See Market Disruption and Geopolitical Risk below.
The Fund may use derivatives to take currency positions that are under- or over-weighted (in some cases significantly) relative to the currency exposure of its portfolios and its benchmark. If the exchange rates of the currencies involved do not move as expected, the Fund could lose money on both its holdings of a particular currency and the derivative. See also Non-U.S. Investment Risk below.
Some currencies are illiquid (e.g., some emerging country currencies), and the Fund may not be able to convert them into U.S. dollars, in which case GMO may decide to purchase U.S. dollars in a parallel market with an unfavorable exchange rate. Exchange rates for many currencies (e.g., some emerging country currencies) are particularly affected by exchange control regulations.
Derivative transactions in foreign currencies (such as futures, forwards, options and swaps) may involve leveraging risk in addition to currency risk, as described below under Leveraging Risk. In addition, the obligations of counterparties in currency derivative transactions are often not secured by collateral, which increases counterparty risk (see Counterparty Risk below).
COMMODITIES RISK. Commodity prices can be extremely volatile and are affected by many factors. Exposure to commodities can cause the net asset value of the Funds shares to decline or fluctuate in a rapid and unpredictable manner. The value of commodity-related derivatives or indirect investments in commodities may fluctuate more than the commodity, commodities or commodity index to which they relate. See Derivatives and Short Sales Risk below for a discussion of specific risks of the Funds derivatives investments, including commodity-related derivatives.
NON-U.S. INVESTMENT RISK. To the extent the Fund invests in non-U.S. securities, it is subject to additional and more varied risks than a fund that only invests in U.S. securities. Non-U.S. securities markets often include securities of only a small number of companies in a small number of industries. As a result, the market prices of many of the securities traded on those markets fluctuate more than those of U.S. securities. In addition, issuers of non-U.S. securities often are not subject to as much regulation as U.S. issuers, and the reporting, accounting, custody, and auditing standards to which those issuers are subject differ, in some cases significantly, from U.S. standards. Transactions in non-U.S. securities generally involve higher commission rates, transfer taxes, and custodial costs. In addition, some jurisdictions may limit the Funds ability to profit from short-term trading (as defined in the relevant jurisdiction).
The Fund may be subject to non-U.S. taxation, including potentially on a retroactive basis, on (i) capital gains it realizes or dividends, interest, or other amounts it realizes or accrues in respect of non-U.S. investments, (ii) transactions in those investments, and (iii) repatriation of proceeds generated from the sale or other disposition of those investments. The Fund may seek a refund of taxes paid, but its efforts may not be successful, in which case the Fund will have incurred additional expenses for no economic benefit. The Funds decision to seek a refund is in its sole discretion, and, particularly in light of the cost involved, it may decide not to seek a refund, even if eligible. The outcome of the Funds efforts to obtain a refund is not predictable, and some refunds may not be reflected in the Funds net asset value. For information on possible special Australian and Singapore tax consequences of an investment in the Fund, see Distribution and Taxes.
The Funds investment either directly or indirectly through a wholly-owned subsidiary could affect the amount, timing and character of its distributions. In addition, such an investment could cause the Fund to recognize taxable income in excess of the cash generated by such investment, requiring the Fund in turn to liquidate investments at
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disadvantageous times to generate cash needed to make required distributions. See Taxes in the SAI for more information about the tax consequences of the Funds investments in a wholly-owned subsidiary.
Also, investing in non-U.S. securities exposes the Fund to the risk of nationalization, expropriation, or confiscatory taxation of assets of their issuers, other government involvement in the economy or in the affairs of specific companies or industries (including in the case of wholly or partially state-owned enterprises), adverse changes in investment regulations, capital requirements or exchange controls (which may include suspension of the ability to transfer currency from a country), and adverse political and diplomatic developments, including the imposition of economic sanctions.
In some non-U.S. securities markets, custody arrangements for securities provide significantly less protection than custody arrangements in U.S. securities markets, and prevailing custody and trade settlement practices (e.g., the requirement to pay for securities prior to receipt) expose the Fund to credit and other risks it does not have in the United States with respect to brokers, custodians, clearing banks or other clearing agents, escrow agents, and issuers. Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates also affect the market value of the Funds non-U.S. investments (see Currency Risk above).
The Fund needs a license to invest directly in many non-U.S. securities markets. These licenses are often subject to limitations, including maximum investment amounts. Once a license is obtained, the Funds ability to continue to invest directly is subject to the risk that the license will be terminated or suspended. If a license to invest in a particular market is terminated or suspended, to obtain exposure to that market the Fund will be required to purchase American Depositary Receipts, Global Depositary Receipts, shares of other funds that are licensed to invest directly, or derivative instruments. The receipt of a non-U.S. license by one of GMOs clients may preclude other clients, including the Fund, from obtaining a similar license, and this could limit the Funds investment opportunities. In addition, the activities of a GMO client could cause the suspension or revocation of a license and thereby limit the Funds investment opportunities.
To the extent the Fund invests a significant portion of its assets in securities of issuers tied economically to emerging countries (or investments related to emerging markets), it is subject to greater non-U.S. investment risk than a fund investing primarily in more developed non-U.S. countries (or markets). The risks of investing in those securities include: greater fluctuations in currency exchange rates; increased risk of default (by both government and private issuers); greater social, economic, and political uncertainty and instability (including the risk of war or natural disaster); increased risk of nationalization, expropriation, or other confiscation of assets of issuers of securities in the Funds portfolio; greater governmental involvement in the economy or in the affairs of specific companies or industries (including in the case of wholly or partially state-owned enterprises); less governmental supervision and regulation of the securities markets and participants in those markets; controls on non-U.S. investment, capital controls and limitations on repatriation of invested capital, dividends, interest and other income and on the Funds ability to exchange local currencies for U.S. dollars; inability to purchase and sell investments or otherwise settle security or derivative transactions (i.e., a market freeze); unavailability of currency hedging techniques; differences in, or lack of, auditing and financial reporting standards and resulting unavailability of material information about issuers; slower clearance and settlement; difficulties in obtaining and enforcing legal judgments; and significantly smaller market capitalizations of issuers. In addition, the economies of emerging countries may be predominantly based on only a few industries or dependent on revenues from particular commodities.
MARKET DISRUPTION AND GEOPOLITICAL RISK. The Fund is subject to the risk that geopolitical and other events will disrupt securities markets and adversely affect global economies and markets, thereby decreasing the value of the Funds investments. Sudden or significant changes in the supply or prices of commodities or other economic inputs (e.g., the marked decline in oil prices in late 2014) may have material and unexpected effects on both global securities markets and individual countries, regions, sectors, companies, or industries, which could significantly reduce the value of the Funds investments. Terrorism in the United States and around the world has increased geopolitical risk. The terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 resulted in the closure of some U.S. securities markets for four days, and similar attacks are possible in the future. Securities markets may be susceptible to market manipulation (e.g., the manipulation of the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)) or other fraudulent trade practices, which could disrupt the orderly functioning of these markets or reduce the value of investments traded in them, including investments of the Fund. While the U.S. government has always honored its credit obligations, a default by the U.S. government (as has been threatened in recent years) would be highly disruptive to the U.S. and global securities markets and could significantly reduce the value of the Funds investments. Similarly, political events within the United States at times have resulted, and
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may in the future result, in a shutdown of government services, which could adversely affect the U.S. economy, decrease the value of many Fund investments, and increase uncertainty in or impair the operation of the U.S. or other securities markets. Uncertainty surrounding the sovereign debt of several European Union countries, as well as the continued existence of the European Union itself, has disrupted and may continue to disrupt markets in the United States and around the world. If one or more country changes its currency or leaves the European Union or if the European Union dissolves, the worlds securities markets likely will be significantly disrupted. Substantial government interventions (e.g., currency controls) also could adversely affect the Fund. War, terrorism, economic uncertainty, and related geopolitical events have led, and in the future may lead, to increased short-term market volatility and may have adverse long-term effects on U.S. and world economies and markets generally. Likewise, natural and environmental disasters, such as the earthquake and tsunami in Japan in early 2011, and systemic market dislocations of the kind surrounding the insolvency of Lehman Brothers in 2008, if repeated, would be highly disruptive to economies and markets, adversely affecting individual companies and industries, securities markets, interest rates, credit ratings, inflation, investor sentiment, and other factors affecting the value of the Funds investments. During such market disruptions, the Funds exposure to the risks described elsewhere in this Description of Principal Risks section will likely increase. Market disruptions, including sudden government interventions, can also prevent the Fund from implementing its investment program and achieving its investment objective. For example, a market disruption may adversely affect the orderly functioning of the securities markets and may cause the Funds derivatives counterparties to discontinue offering derivatives on some underlying commodities, securities, reference rates, or indices, or to offer them on a more limited basis. To the extent the Fund has focused its investments in the stock index of a particular region, adverse geopolitical and other events in that region could have a disproportionate impact on the Fund.
DERIVATIVES AND SHORT SALES RISK. The Fund may invest in derivatives, which are financial contracts whose value depends on, or is derived from, the value of underlying assets, reference rates, or indices. Derivatives involve the risk that their value may not change as expected relative to changes in the value of the assets, rates, or indices they are designed to track. Derivatives include futures contracts, forward contracts, foreign currency contracts, swap contracts, contracts for differences, options on securities and indices, options on futures contracts, options on swap contracts, interest rate caps, floors and collars, reverse repurchase agreements, and other over-the-counter (OTC) contracts. Derivatives may relate to securities, commodities, currencies, currency exchange rates, interest rates, inflation rates, and indices. The SAI describes the various types of derivatives in which the Fund invests and how they are used in the Funds investment strategies.
The use of derivatives involves risks that are in addition to, and potentially greater than, the risks of investing directly in securities and other more traditional assets. In particular, the Funds use of OTC derivatives exposes it to the risk that the counterparties will be unable or unwilling to make timely settlement payments or otherwise honor their obligations. An OTC derivatives contract typically can be closed only with the consent of the other party to the contract. If the counterparty defaults, the Fund will still have contractual remedies but may not be able to enforce them. Because the contract for each OTC derivative is individually negotiated, the counterparty may interpret contractual terms (e.g., the definition of default) differently than the Fund, and if it does, the Fund may decide not to pursue its claims against the counterparty to avoid the cost and unpredictability of legal proceedings. The Fund, therefore, may be unable to obtain payments GMO believes are owed to it under OTC derivatives contracts, or those payments may be delayed or made only after the Fund has incurred the cost of litigation.
The Fund may invest in derivatives that (i) do not require the counterparty to post collateral (e.g., foreign currency forwards), (ii) require collateral but that do not provide for the Funds security interest in it to be perfected, (iii) require a significant upfront deposit by the Fund unrelated to the derivatives intrinsic value, or (iv) do not require that collateral be regularly marked-to-market. When a counterpartys obligations are not fully secured by collateral, the Fund runs a greater risk of being unable to recover what it is owed if the counterparty defaults. Even when derivatives are required by contract to be collateralized, the Fund typically will not receive the collateral for one or more days after the collateral is required to be posted.
The Fund may invest in derivatives with a limited number of counterparties, and events affecting the creditworthiness of any of those counterparties may have a pronounced effect on the Fund. Derivatives risk is particularly acute in environments (like those of 2008) in which financial services firms are exposed to systemic risks of the type evidenced by the insolvency of Lehman Brothers and subsequent market disruptions. In addition, during those periods, the Fund may have a greater need for cash to provide collateral for large swings in its mark-to-market obligations under the derivatives in which it has invested.
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Derivatives also present other risks described in this section, including market risk, illiquidity risk, currency risk, credit risk, and counterparty risk. Many derivatives, in particular OTC derivatives, are complex and their valuation often requires modeling and judgment, which increases the risk of mispricing or improper valuation. The pricing models used may not produce valuations that are consistent with the values the Fund realizes when it closes or sells an OTC derivative. Valuation risk is more pronounced when the Fund enters into OTC derivatives with specialized terms because the value of those derivatives in some cases is determined only by reference to similar derivatives with more standardized terms. As a result, incorrect valuations may result in increased cash payments to counterparties, undercollateralization and/or errors in the calculation of the Funds net asset value.
The Funds use of derivatives may not be effective or have the desired results. Moreover, suitable derivatives will not be available in all circumstances. For example, the economic costs of taking some derivative positions may be prohibitive, and if a counterparty or its affiliate is deemed to be an affiliate of the Fund, the Fund will not be permitted to trade with that counterparty. In addition, GMO may decide not to use derivatives to hedge or otherwise reduce the Funds risk exposures, potentially resulting in losses for the Fund.
Derivatives risk is particularly pronounced for the Fund because a basic component of its principal investment strategies involves using derivatives, in particular, exchange-traded futures and forward foreign exchange contracts, to gain indirect exposure to global equities, bonds, currencies and commodities.
Swap contracts and other OTC derivatives are highly susceptible to illiquidity risk (see Illiquidity Risk below) and counterparty risk (see Counterparty Risk below). These derivatives are also subject to documentation risk, which is the risk that ambiguities, inconsistencies or errors in the documentation relating to a derivative transaction may lead to a dispute with the counterparty or unintended investment results. In addition, see Commodities Risk above for a discussion of risks specific to commodity-related derivatives. Because many derivatives have a leverage component (i.e., a notional value in excess of the assets needed to establish and/or maintain the derivative position), adverse changes in the value or level of the underlying asset, rate or index may result in a loss substantially greater than the amount invested in the derivative itself. See Leveraging Risk below.
The Funds use of derivatives may be subject to special tax rules and could generate additional taxable income for shareholders. In addition, the tax treatment of the Funds use of derivatives may be unclear because there is little case or other law interpreting the terms of most derivatives or determining their tax treatment. See Distributions and Taxes below.
Derivatives Regulation. The U.S. government has enacted legislation that provides for new regulation of the derivatives market, including clearing, margin, reporting, and registration requirements. The European Union (and some other countries) are implementing similar requirements, which will affect the Fund when it enters into a derivatives transaction with a counterparty organized in that country or otherwise subject to that countrys derivatives regulations. Because these requirements are new and evolving (and some of the rules are not yet final), their ultimate impact remains unclear.
Transactions in some types of swaps (including interest rate swaps and credit default swaps on North American and European indices) are required to be centrally cleared. In a transaction involving those swaps (cleared derivatives), the Funds counterparty is a clearing house rather than a bank or broker. Since the Fund is not a member of a clearing house and only members of a clearing house (clearing members) can participate directly in the clearing house, the Fund holds cleared derivatives through accounts at clearing members. In cleared derivatives positions, the Fund makes payments (including margin payments) to and receives payments from a clearing house through its accounts at clearing members. Clearing members guarantee performance of their clients obligations to the clearing house.
In some ways, cleared derivative arrangements are less favorable to mutual funds than bilateral arrangements, for example, by requiring that funds provide more margin for their cleared derivatives positions. Also, as a general matter, in contrast to a bilateral derivatives position, following a period of notice to the Fund, a clearing member at any time can require termination of an existing cleared derivatives position or an increase in margin requirements above those required at the outset of a transaction. Any increase in margin requirements or termination of existing cleared derivatives positions by the clearing member or the clearing house could interfere with the ability of the Fund to pursue its investment strategy. Further, any increase in margin requirements by a clearing member could expose the Fund to greater credit risk to its clearing member because margin for cleared derivatives positions in excess of a clearing houses margin requirements typically is held by the clearing member (see Counterparty Risk below). Also, the Fund is subject to risk if it enters into
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a derivatives transaction that is required to be cleared (or that GMO expects to be cleared), and no clearing member is willing or able to clear the transaction on the Funds behalf. While the documentation in place between the Fund and its clearing members generally provides that the clearing members will accept for clearing all cleared derivatives transactions that are within credit limits (specified in advance) for the Fund, the Fund is still subject to the risk that no clearing member will be willing or able to clear a transaction. In those cases, the position might have to be terminated, and the Fund could lose some or all of the benefit of the position, including loss of an increase in the value of the position and loss of hedging protection. In addition, the documentation governing the relationship between the Fund and clearing members is drafted by the clearing members and generally is less favorable to the Fund than typical bilateral derivatives documentation. For example, documentation relating to cleared derivatives generally includes a one-way indemnity by the Fund in favor of the clearing member for losses the clearing member incurs as the Funds clearing member and typically does not provide the Fund any remedies if the clearing member defaults or becomes insolvent. While futures contracts entail similar risks, the risks likely are more pronounced for cleared derivatives due to their more limited liquidity and market history.
Some types of cleared derivatives are required to be executed on an exchange or on a swap execution facility. A swap execution facility is a trading platform where multiple market participants can execute derivatives by accepting bids and offers made by multiple other participants in the platform. While this execution requirement is designed to increase transparency and liquidity in the cleared derivatives market, trading on a swap execution facility can create additional costs and risks for the Fund. For example, swap execution facilities typically charge fees, and if the Fund executes derivatives on a swap execution facility through a broker intermediary, the intermediary may impose fees as well. Also, the Fund may indemnify a swap execution facility, or a broker intermediary who executes cleared derivatives on a swap execution facility on the Funds behalf, against any losses or costs that may be incurred as a result of the Funds transactions on the swap execution facility. If the Fund wishes to execute a package of transactions that include a swap that is required to be executed on a swap execution facility as well as other transactions (for example, a transaction that includes both a security and an interest rate swap that hedges interest rate exposure with respect to such security), the Fund may be unable to execute all components of the package on the swap execution facility. In that case, the Fund would need to trade some components of the package on the swap execution facility and other components in another manner, which could subject the Fund to the risk that some components would be executed successfully and others would not, or that the components would be executed at different times, leaving the Fund with an unhedged position for a period of time.
The U.S. government and the European Union have proposed mandatory minimum margin requirements for bilateral derivatives. Such requirements could increase the amount of margin required to be provided by the Fund in connection with its derivatives transactions and, therefore, make derivatives transactions more expensive.
These and other new rules and regulations could, among other things, further restrict the Funds ability to engage in, or increase the cost to the Fund of, derivatives transactions, for example, by making some types of derivatives no longer available to the Fund or otherwise limiting liquidity. The implementation of the clearing requirement has increased the costs of derivatives transactions for the Fund, since the Fund has to pay fees to its clearing members and is typically required to post more margin for cleared derivatives than it has historically posted for bilateral derivatives. The costs of derivatives transactions are expected to increase further as clearing members raise their fees as to cover the costs of additional capital requirements and other regulatory changes applicable to the clearing members, and when rules imposing mandatory minimum margin requirements on bilateral swaps become effective. These rules and regulations are new and evolving, so their potential impact on the Fund and the financial system are not yet known. While the new rules and regulations and central clearing of some derivatives transactions are designed to reduce systemic risk (i.e., the risk that the interdependence of large derivatives dealers could cause them to suffer liquidity, solvency or other challenges simultaneously), there is no assurance that they will achieve that result, and in the meantime, as noted above, central clearing and related requirements expose the Fund to new kinds of costs and risks.
Short Investment Exposure. The Fund may sell securities or currencies short as part of its investment program in an attempt to increase its returns or for hedging purposes. Short sales expose the Fund to the risk that it will be required to acquire, convert, or exchange a security or currency to replace the borrowed security or currency when the security or currency sold short has appreciated in value, thus resulting in a loss to the Fund. Purchasing a security or currency to close out a short position can itself cause the price of the security or currency to rise further, thereby exacerbating any losses. To the extent the Fund sells short a security or currency it does not own, it also may have to pay borrowing fees to a broker and may be required to pay the broker any dividends or interest it receives on a borrowed security.
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The Fund also may create short investment exposure by taking a derivative position in which the value of the derivative moves in the opposite direction from the price of an underlying investment, pool of investments, index or currency. See Derivatives and Short Sales Risk above for a discussion of the specific risks of the Funds investments in derivatives.
Short sales of securities or currencies the Fund does not own and short derivative positions involve forms of investment leverage, and the amount of the Funds potential loss is theoretically unlimited. The Fund is subject to increased leveraging risk and other investment risks described in this Description of Principal Risks section to the extent it sells short securities or currencies it does not own or takes short derivative positions.
LEVERAGING RISK. The use of reverse repurchase agreements and other derivatives and securities lending creates leverage (i.e., the Funds investment exposures exceed its net asset value). Leverage increases the Funds losses when the value of its investments (including derivatives) declines. Because many derivatives have a leverage component (i.e., a notional value in excess of the assets needed to establish or maintain the derivative position), adverse changes in the value or level of the underlying asset, rate, or index may result in a loss substantially greater than the amount invested in the derivative itself. In the case of swaps, the risk of loss generally is related to a notional principal amount, even if the parties have not made any initial investment. Some derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment. The Funds portfolio also will be leveraged if it borrows money to meet redemption requests or settle investment transactions or if it exercises its right to delay payment on a redemption.
The Fund may manage some of its derivative positions by offsetting derivative positions against one another or against other assets. To the extent offsetting positions do not behave in relation to one another as expected, the Fund may perform as if it were leveraged.
FOCUSED INVESTMENT RISK. To the extent the Fund makes investment that are focused in particular countries, regions, sectors, industries or issuers that are subject to the same or similar risk factors, or investments whose prices are strongly correlated, the Fund is subject to greater overall risk than a fund with investments that are more diversified.
To the extent the Fund invests in the securities of a small number of issuers, it has greater exposure to adverse developments affecting those issuers and to a decline in the market price of particular securities than a fund investing in the securities of a larger number of issuers. Securities, sectors, or companies that share common characteristics are often subject to similar business risks and regulatory burdens, and often react similarly to specific economic, market, political or other developments.
Similarly, to the extent the Fund has a significant portion of its assets in investments tied economically (or related) to a particular geographic region, country or market (e.g., emerging markets) it will have more exposure to regional and country economic risks than a fund making investments throughout the world. The political and economic prospects of one country or group of countries within the same geographic region may affect other countries in that region, and a recession, debt crisis or decline in the value of the currency of one country can spread to other countries. Furthermore, companies in a particular geographic region or country are vulnerable to events affecting other companies in that region or country because they often share common characteristics, are exposed to similar business risks and regulatory burdens, and react similarly to specific economic, market, political or other developments. See also Non-U.S. Investment Risk above.
COUNTERPARTY RISK. To the extent the Fund enters into contracts with counterparties, such as repurchase or reverse repurchase agreements or OTC derivatives contracts, or that lends its securities, it runs the risk that the counterparty will be unable or unwilling to make timely settlement payments or otherwise honor its obligations. If a counterparty fails to meet its contractual obligations, goes bankrupt, or otherwise experiences a business interruption, the Fund could miss investment opportunities or otherwise hold investments it would prefer to sell, resulting in losses for the Fund. In addition, the Fund may suffer losses if a counterparty fails to comply with applicable laws or other requirements. The Fund is not subject to any limits on its exposure to any one counterparty nor to a requirement that counterparties with whom it enters into contracts maintain a specific rating by a nationally recognized rating organization. Counterparty risk is pronounced during unusually adverse market conditions and is particularly acute in environments (like those of 2008) in which financial services firms are exposed to systemic risks of the type evidenced by the insolvency of Lehman Brothers and subsequent market disruptions.
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Participants in OTC derivatives markets typically are not subject to the same level of credit evaluation and regulatory oversight as are members of exchange-based markets, and, therefore, OTC derivatives generally expose the Fund to greater counterparty risk than exchange-traded derivatives. The Fund is subject to the risk that a counterparty will not settle a derivative in accordance with its terms because of a dispute over the terms of the contract (whether or not bona fide) or because of a credit or liquidity problem. If a counterpartys obligation to the Fund is not collateralized, then the Fund is essentially an unsecured creditor of the counterparty. If a counterparty defaults, the Fund will have contractual remedies (whether or not the obligation is collateralized), but the Fund may be unable to enforce them, thus causing the Fund to suffer a loss. Counterparty risk is greater for derivatives with longer maturities because of the longer time during which events may occur that prevent settlement. Counterparty risk also is greater when the Fund has entered into derivatives contracts with a single or small group of counterparties as it sometimes does as a result of its use of swaps and other OTC derivatives. To the extent the Fund uses swap contracts it is subject, in particular, to the creditworthiness of the counterparties because some types of swap contracts have durations longer than six months (and, in some cases, decades). The creditworthiness of a counterparty may be adversely affected by greater than average volatility in the markets, even if the counterpartys net market exposure is small relative to its capital. Counterparty risk still exists even if a counterpartys obligations are secured by collateral because the Funds interest in the collateral may not be perfected or additional collateral may not be promptly posted as required. To the extent that GMOs view with respect to a particular counterparty changes adversely (whether due to external events or otherwise), the Funds existing transactions with that counterparty will not necessarily be terminated or modified. In addition, the Fund may enter into new transactions with a counterparty that GMO no longer considers a desirable counterparty if the transaction is primarily designed to reduce the Funds overall risk of potential exposure to that counterparty (for example, re-establishing the transaction with a lower notional amount).
The Fund also is subject to counterparty risk because it executes its securities transactions through brokers and dealers. If a broker or dealer fails to meet its contractual obligations, goes bankrupt, or otherwise experiences a business interruption, the Fund could miss investment opportunities or be unable to dispose of investments they would prefer to sell, resulting in losses for the Fund.
Counterparty risk with respect to derivatives has been and will continue to be affected by new rules and regulations relating to the derivatives market. As described under Derivatives and Short Sales Risk above, some derivatives transactions are required to be centrally cleared, and a party to a cleared derivatives transaction is subject to the credit risk of the clearing house and the clearing member through which it holds its cleared position. Credit risk of market participants with respect to derivatives that are centrally cleared is concentrated in a few clearing houses, and it is not clear how an insolvency proceeding of a clearing house would be conducted and what impact an insolvency of a clearing house would have on the financial system.
CREDIT RISK. This is the risk that the issuer or guarantor of a fixed income investment or the obligor of an obligation underlying an asset-backed security will be unable or unwilling to satisfy its obligation to pay principal and interest or otherwise to honor its obligations in a timely manner. The market price of a fixed income investment will normally decline as a result of the issuers, guarantors, or obligors failure to meet its payment obligations or the downgrading of its credit rating. This risk is particularly acute in environments (like those of 2008) in which financial services firms are exposed to systemic risks of the type evidenced by the insolvency of Lehman Brothers and subsequent market disruptions.
All fixed income securities are subject to credit risk. Financial strength and solvency of an issuer are the primary factors influencing credit risk. The risk varies depending upon whether the issuer is a corporation, a government or government entity, whether the particular security has a priority over other obligations of the issuer in payment of principal and interest and whether it has any collateral backing or credit enhancement. Credit risk may change over the term of a fixed income security. U.S. government securities are subject to varying degrees of credit risk depending upon whether the securities are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States, supported by the ability to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, supported only by the credit of the issuing U.S. government agency, instrumentality, or corporation, or otherwise supported by the United States. For example, issuers of many types of U.S. government securities (e.g., the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac), Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae), and Federal Home Loan Banks), although chartered or sponsored by Congress, are not funded by Congressional appropriations, and their fixed income securities, including mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities, are neither guaranteed nor insured by the U.S. government. These securities are subject to more credit risk than U.S. government securities that are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States (e.g., U.S. Treasury bonds).
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Investments in sovereign debt involve the risk that the governmental entities responsible for repayment may be unable or unwilling to pay interest and repay principal when due. A governmental entitys ability and willingness to pay interest and repay principal in a timely manner may be affected by a variety of factors, including its cash flow, the size of its reserves, its access to foreign exchange, the relative size of its debt service burden to its economy as a whole, and political constraints. Investments in quasi-sovereign issuers are subject to the additional risk that the issuer may default independently of its sovereign. Sovereign debt risk is greater for fixed income securities issued or guaranteed by emerging countries.
In many cases, the credit risk of a fixed income security is reflected in its credit ratings and, to the extent the Fund holds a rated security, it is subject to the risk that the investments rating will be downgraded.
Securities issued by the U.S. government historically have presented minimal credit risk. However, recent events have led to a downgrade in the long-term credit rating of U.S. bonds by several major rating agencies and have introduced greater uncertainty about the repayment by the United States of its obligations. A further credit rating downgrade could decrease, and a default in the payment of principal or interest on U.S. government securities would decrease, the value of the Funds investments and could increase the volatility of the Funds portfolio.
As described under Market Risk Asset-Backed Securities above, asset-backed securities may be backed by many types of assets and their payment of interest and repayment of principal largely depend on the cash flows generated by the assets backing them. The credit risk of a particular asset-backed security depends on many factors, as described under Market Risk Asset-Backed Securities above.
The obligations of issuers also may be subject to bankruptcy, insolvency and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors. The Fund also is exposed to credit risk on a reference security to the extent it writes protection under credit default swaps. See Derivatives and Short Sales Risk above for more information regarding risks associated with the use of credit default swaps.
The extent to which the market price of a fixed income security changes in response to a credit event depends on many factors and can be difficult to predict. For example, even though the effective duration of a long-term floating rate security is very short, an adverse credit event or change in the perceived creditworthiness of its issuer could cause its market price to decline much more than its effective duration would suggest.
Credit risk is particularly pronounced for below investment grade securities (commonly referred to as junk bonds), which are defined in this Prospectus under Additional Information About the Funds Investment Strategies, Risks, and Expenses Certain Definitions Credit Quality. The sovereign debt of many non-U.S. governments, including their sub-divisions and instrumentalities, is below investment grade. Many asset-backed securities also are below investment grade. Below investment grade securities have speculative characteristics, often are less liquid than higher quality securities, present a greater risk of default and are more susceptible to real or perceived adverse industry conditions. Investments in distressed or defaulted debt securities generally are considered speculative and may involve substantial risks not normally associated with investments in higher quality securities, including adverse business, financial or economic conditions that can lead to payment defaults and insolvency proceedings on the part of their issuers. In particular, distressed or defaulted obligations might be repaid, if at all, only after lengthy workout or bankruptcy proceedings, during which the issuer might not make any interest or other payments, and the Fund may incur additional expenses to seek recovery. If GMOs assessment of the eventual recovery value of a distressed or defaulted debt security proves incorrect, the Fund may lose a substantial portion or all of its investment or may be required to accept cash or instruments worth less than its original investment. In the event of default of sovereign debt, the Fund may be unable to pursue legal action against the issuer.
ILLIQUIDITY RISK. Illiquidity risk is the risk that low trading volume, lack of a market maker, large position size, or legal restrictions (including daily price fluctuation limits or circuit breakers) limits or prevents the Fund from selling particular securities or closing derivative positions at desirable prices. In addition to these risks, the Fund is exposed to illiquidity risk when it has an obligation to purchase particular securities (e.g., as a result of entering into reverse repurchase agreements, writing a put, or closing a short position). To the extent the Funds investments include asset-backed securities, distressed or defaulted debt securities, emerging country debt securities, securities of companies with smaller market capitalizations or smaller total float-adjusted market capitalizations, or emerging market securities, it is subject to increased illiquidity risk. These types of investments can be difficult to value (see Determination of Net Asset Value), exposing the Fund to the risk that the price at which it sells them will be less than the price at which they
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were valued when held by the Fund. Illiquidity risk also may be greater in times of financial stress. For example, TIPS have experienced periods of greatly reduced liquidity during disruptions in fixed income markets, such as the events surrounding the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers in 2008. Less liquid securities are more susceptible than other securities to price declines when market prices decline generally.
The Fund may buy securities that are less liquid than those in its benchmark.
FUND OF FUNDS RISK AND RELATED CONSIDERATIONS. To the extent the Fund invests in shares of underlying funds, including other GMO Funds, closed-end funds, money market funds, ETFs and other investment companies, or in a wholly-owned subsidiary, it is exposed to the risk that the underlying funds or wholly-owned subsidiary will not perform as expected. The Fund also is indirectly exposed to all of the risks of an investment in the underlying funds or a wholly-owned subsidiary.
Because the Fund bears the fees and expenses of any underlying fund or wholly-owned subsidiary in which it invests (absent reimbursement of those fees and expenses), the Fund will incur additional expenses when investing in an underlying fund or wholly-owned subsidiary. In addition, total Fund expenses will increase if the Fund makes a new or further investment in underlying funds with higher fees or expenses than the average fees and expenses of the underlying funds then in the Funds portfolio, or invests through a new wholly-owned subsidiary.
Because some underlying GMO Funds invest a substantial portion of their assets in other GMO Funds (pursuant to an exemptive order obtained from the SEC), to the extent the Fund invests in such underlying GMO Funds, it has more tiers of investments than funds in many other groups of investment companies and therefore may be subject to greater fund of funds risk. In addition, to the extent the Fund invests in shares of other GMO Funds, it is indirectly subject to Large Shareholder Risk because those other GMO Funds are more likely to have large shareholders (e.g., other GMO Funds). See Large Shareholder Risk below.
Investments in ETFs involve the risk that the ETFs performance may not track the performance of the index the ETF is designed to track. In addition, ETFs often use derivatives to track the performance of the relevant index, and, therefore, investments in those ETFs are subject to the same derivatives risks discussed above.
The Funds investments through one or more underlying funds or a wholly-owned subsidiary could affect the amount, timing and character of its distributions. Such an investment could also cause the Fund to recognize taxable income in excess of the cash generated by such investment, requiring the Fund in turn to liquidate investments at disadvantageous times to generate cash needed to make required distributions. See Distributions and Taxes below for more information about the tax consequences of the Funds investments in a wholly-owned subsidiary and Taxes in the SAI for more information about the tax consequences of the Funds investments in a wholly-owned subsidiary or underlying funds.
LARGE SHAREHOLDER RISK. To the extent a large number of shares of the Fund are held by a single shareholder (e.g., an institutional investor or another GMO Fund) or a group of shareholders with a common investment strategy (e.g., GMO asset allocation accounts), the Fund is subject to the risk that a redemption by those shareholders of all or a large portion of their Fund shares will adversely affect the Funds performance by forcing the Fund to sell portfolio securities to raise the cash needed to satisfy the redemption request. In addition, the GMO Funds and other accounts over which GMO has investment discretion that invest in the Fund are not limited in how often they may purchase or sell Fund shares. GMO asset allocation funds and separate accounts managed by GMO for its clients hold substantial percentages of the shares of the Fund, and asset allocation decisions by GMO may result in substantial redemptions from (or investments in) the Fund. These transactions may adversely affect the Funds performance to the extent that the Fund is required to sell investments (or invest cash) when it would not otherwise do so. Redemptions of a large number of shares also may increase transaction costs or, by necessitating a sale of portfolio securities, have adverse tax consequences for Fund shareholders. Additionally, redemptions by a large shareholder also potentially limit the use of any capital loss carryforwards and certain other losses to offset further realized capital gains (if any) and may limit or prevent the Funds use of tax equalization. In addition, to the extent the Fund invests in other GMO Funds subject to large shareholder risk, the Fund is indirectly subject to this risk.
NON-DIVERSIFIED FUNDS. The Fund and some of the underlying GMO Funds are not diversified investment companies within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. This means the Fund and those underlying GMO Funds are allowed to invest in the securities of relatively few issuers. As a result, the Fund and
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those underlying GMO Funds may be subject to greater credit, market and other risks, and poor performance by a single issuer may have a greater impact on the Funds or an underlying GMO Funds performance, than if they were diversified.
GMO, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, provides investment management and shareholder servicing to the Fund and other GMO Funds (and to their respective wholly-owned subsidiary or subsidiaries, if any). GMO is a private company, founded in 1977. As of May 31, 2015, GMO managed on a worldwide basis more than $120 billion.
Subject to the approval of the Trustees, GMO establishes and modifies when it deems appropriate the investment strategies of the Fund. In addition to its management of the Funds investment portfolio and the shareholder services it provides to the Fund, GMO administers the Funds business affairs.
GMO has entered into a personnel sharing arrangement with GMOs wholly-owned subsidiary, GMO Australia Limited and the GMO Australia Partnership (together, GMO Australia). Pursuant to this arrangement, certain employees of GMO Australia may serve as dual officers and/or associated persons of GMO, and in this capacity may provide investment management and other services to the Fund. These individuals are identified in GMOs Form ADV, a copy of which is on file with the SEC. See Distributions and Taxes below for information regarding certain tax matters relating to the personnel sharing arrangement.
GMO is registered as an investment adviser with the SEC. GMO Australia is not registered as an investment adviser with the SEC, as its personnels services to the Fund and other U.S. clients conform to the conditions set forth in a series of SEC staff no-action letters often referred to as the Unibanco Letters.
Each class of shares of the Fund pays GMO directly or indirectly a shareholder service fee for providing client services and reporting, such as performance information, client account information, personal and electronic access to Fund information, access to analysis and explanations of Fund reports, and assistance in maintaining and correcting client-related information.
For the fiscal year ended February 28, 2015, GMO received a management fee (after any applicable waivers or reimbursements) equal to 0.63% of the Funds average daily net assets. Effective December 1, 2015, the Funds management fee was increased by 0.15%.
A discussion of the basis for the Trustees approval of the Funds investment management contract is included in the Funds shareholder report for the period during which the Trustees approved that contract.
GMO has retained its affiliate GMO Singapore Pte. Limited, 1 Raffles Place, #53-00, Singapore, 048616 (GMO Singapore) to assist GMO in furnishing an investment program for the Fund. GMO Singapore commenced operations in February 2003 and furnishes discretionary investment advisory services, predominantly to institutional clients. Pursuant to a sub-advisory agreement with GMO and the Fund, GMO Singapore furnishes discretionary investment advisory services and makes investment decisions for and places orders for the purchase and sale of securities for, all or part of the Funds portfolio, as determined by GMO. GMO (and not the Fund) will pay a sub-advisory fee to GMO Singapore for its services at a rate equal to 5% of the management fees received by GMO under the Funds investment management contract, net of any fee waiver or expense reimbursement obligations of GMO as may be in effect. See Distributions and Taxes below for information regarding certain tax matters relating to GMO Singapores discretionary investment advisory services GMO Singapore provides to the Fund. A discussion of the basis for the Trustees approval of the Funds sub-advisory agreement with GMO Singapore is included in the Funds annual report to shareholders for the period during which the Trustees approved that agreement.
GMOs Systematic Global Macro Team is primarily responsible for the investment management of the Fund. The Systematic Global Macro Team includes personnel of both GMO and its affiliates, including GMO Singapore. The Systematic Global Macro Teams investment professionals work collaboratively and often share investment insights with, and benefit from the insights of, other GMO investment teams.
The following table identifies the senior member of the Systematic Global Macro Team who is primarily responsible for managing the investments of the Fund and his title and business experience during the past five years. The senior member directly manages, or allocates to members of the Systematic Global Macro Team responsibility for,
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portions of the portfolio of the Fund, oversees the implementation of trades, reviews the overall composition of the Funds portfolio, including compliance with stated investment objectives and strategies, and monitors cash.
Senior Member |
Title; Business Experience During Past 5 Years | |
Jason Halliwell | Head, Systematic Global Macro Team, GMO. Mr. Halliwell has been responsible for overseeing the portfolio management of GMOs systematic global macro portfolios since 1999. |
The SAI contains information about how GMO determines the compensation of the senior member, other accounts he manages and related conflicts, and his ownership of the Fund and other GMO Funds for which he has responsibility.
Custodian, Fund Accounting Agent, and Transfer Agent
State Street Bank and Trust Company (State Street Bank), One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, serves as the Funds custodian, fund accounting agent, and transfer agent. State Street Bank provides similar services for the Funds wholly-owned subsidiary.
Expense Reimbursement
GMO has contractually agreed to reimburse the Fund for its Specified Operating Expenses. As used in this Prospectus, Specified Operating Expenses means: audit expenses, fund accounting expenses, pricing service expenses, expenses of non-investment related tax services, transfer agency expenses, expenses of non-investment related legal services provided to the Fund by or at the direction of GMO, federal securities law filing expenses, printing expenses, state and federal registration fees, and custody expenses.
GMO has contractually agreed to waive or reduce the management fee, but not below zero, to the extent necessary to offset the management fees paid to GMO that are directly or indirectly borne by the Fund as a result of the Funds direct or indirect investments in other GMO Funds.
GMO has contractually agreed to waive or reduce the shareholder service fee charged to holders of each class of shares of the Fund, but not below zero, to the extent necessary to offset the shareholder service fees directly or indirectly borne by the class of shares of the Fund as a result of the Funds direct or indirect investments in other GMO Funds.
These contractual waivers and reimbursements will continue through at least December 1, 2016 for the Fund unless the Funds Board of Trustees authorizes their modification or termination or reduces the fee rates paid to GMO under the Funds management contract or servicing and supplement support agreement.
Additional Information
The Trust enters into contractual arrangements with various parties, including, among others, the Funds investment manager, shareholder service provider, sub-adviser, custodian and fund accounting agent, transfer agent, and distributor, who provide services to the Fund. Shareholders are not parties to, or intended (or third-party) beneficiaries of, any of those contractual arrangements, and those contractual arrangements are not intended to create in any individual shareholder or group of shareholders any right to enforce them against the service providers or to seek any remedy under them against the service providers, either directly or on behalf of the Trust.
This Prospectus provides information concerning the Trust and the Fund that you should consider in determining whether to purchase shares of the Fund. None of this Prospectus, the SAI or any contract that is an exhibit to the Trusts registration statement, is intended to, nor does it, give rise to an agreement or contract between the Trust or the Fund and any investor, or give rise to any contract or other rights in any individual shareholder, group of shareholders or other person other than any rights conferred explicitly by federal or state securities laws that may not be waived.
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
The net asset value or NAV of each class of shares of the Fund is determined as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE, generally at 4:00 p.m. Eastern time. Current net asset values per share for each series of GMO Trust are available at www.gmo.com.
The NAV per share of a class of shares of the Fund is determined by dividing the total value of the Funds portfolio investments and other assets, less any liabilities, allocated to that share class by the total number of outstanding
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shares of that class. NAV is not determined (and accordingly, transactions in shares of the Fund are not processed) on any days when the NYSE or U.S. bond markets are closed for business. In addition, because the Fund may hold portfolio securities listed on non-U.S. exchanges that trade on days on which the NYSE or the U.S. bond markets are closed, the net value of the Funds assets may change significantly on days when shares cannot be redeemed.
The Fund may elect not to determine NAV on days when none of its shares are tendered for redemption and it accepts no orders to purchase its shares.
The value of the Funds investments is generally determined as follows:
Exchange-traded securities (other than exchange-traded options) for which market quotations are readily available:
| Last sale price or |
| Official closing price or |
| Most recent quoted price published by the exchange (if no reported last sale or official closing price) or |
| Quoted price provided by a pricing source (in the event GMO deems the private market to be a more reliable indicator of market value than the exchange) |
(Also, see discussion in Fair Value pricing below.)
Exchange-traded options:
| Exchange-traded options are valued at the last sale price, provided that price is between the closing bid and ask prices. If the last sale price is not within this range, then they will be valued at the closing bid price for long positions and the closing ask price for short positions. |
Cleared derivatives:
| Price quoted (which may be based on a model) by the relevant clearing house (if an updated quote for a cleared derivative is not available by the time that the Fund calculates its NAV on any business day, then that derivative will generally be valued using an industry standard model, which may differ from the model used by the relevant clearing house) |
OTC derivatives:
| Price generally determined by an industry standard model |
Unlisted non-fixed income securities for which market quotations are readily available:
| Most recent quoted price |
Fixed income securities (includes bonds, loans, loan participations asset-backed securities, and other structured notes):
| Most recent price supplied by a single pricing source chosen by GMO (if a reliable updated price for a fixed income security is not available by the time that the Fund calculates its NAV on any business day, the Fund will generally use the most recent reliable price to value that security) |
Note: Reliable prices, including reliable quoted prices, may not always be available. When they are not available, the Fund may use alternative valuation methodologies (e.g., valuing the relevant assets at fair value as described below).
Shares of other GMO Funds and other open-end registered investment companies:
| Most recent NAV |
Quoted price typically means the bid price for securities held long and the ask price for securities sold short. If a market quotation for a security does not involve a bid or an ask, the quoted price may be the price provided by a market participant or other third party pricing source in accordance with the market practice for that security.
In the case of derivatives, prices determined by a model may reflect an estimate of the average of bid and ask prices, regardless of whether the Fund has a long position or a short position.
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The prices of non-U.S. securities quoted in foreign currencies, foreign currency balances, and the value of non-U.S. forward currency contracts are typically translated into U.S. dollars at the close of regular trading on the NYSE, generally at 4:00 p.m. Eastern time, at then current exchange rates or at such other rates as the Trustees or persons acting at their direction may determine in computing NAV.
Although GMO normally does not evaluate pricing sources on a day-to-day basis, it does evaluate pricing sources on an ongoing basis and may change a pricing source at any time. GMO monitors erratic or unusual movements (including unusual inactivity) in the prices supplied for a security and has discretion to override a price supplied by a source (e.g., by taking a price supplied by another) when it believes that the price supplied is not reliable. Alternative pricing sources are often but not always available for securities held by the Fund, although the prices supplied by those alternative sources do not necessarily align with the prices supplied by primary pricing sources.
Fair Value pricing:
For all other assets and securities, including derivatives, and in cases where quotations are not readily available or circumstances make an existing valuation methodology or procedure unreliable, the Funds investments are valued at fair value, as determined in good faith by the Trustees or persons acting at their direction pursuant to procedures approved by the Trustees.
With respect to the Funds use of fair value pricing, you should note the following:
▶ | In some cases, a significant percentage of the Funds assets may be fair valued. Factors that may be considered in determining fair value include, among others, the value of other financial instruments traded on other markets, trading volumes, changes in interest rates, observations from financial institutions, significant events (which may be considered to include changes in the value of U.S. securities or securities indices) that occur after the close of the relevant market and before the Funds NAV is calculated, other news events, and significant unobservable inputs (including the Funds own assumptions in determining the fair value of investments). Because of the uncertainty inherent in fair value pricing, the price determined for a particular security may be materially different from the value realized upon its sale. |
▶ | The valuation methodologies described above are modified for equities that trade in non-U.S. securities markets that close prior to the close of the NYSE due to time zone differences, including the value of equities that underlie futures, options and other derivatives (to the extent the market for those derivatives closes prior to the close of the NYSE). In those cases, the price will generally be adjusted, to the extent practicable and available, based on inputs from an independent pricing service approved by the Trustees that are intended to reflect valuation changes through the NYSE close. |
▶ | The Funds use of fair value pricing may cause the Funds returns to differ from those of its benchmark more than would otherwise be the case. For example, the Fund may fair value its international equity holdings as a result of significant events that occur after the close of the relevant market and before the time the Funds NAV is calculated. In these cases, the benchmark may use the local market closing price, while the Fund uses an adjusted fair value price. |
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
The Fund has established a policy with respect to disclosure of its portfolio holdings. That policy is described in the SAI. The Funds portfolio holdings are available quarterly on the SECs website when the Fund files a Form N-CSR (annual/semiannual report) or Form N-Q (quarterly schedule of portfolio holdings).
Up to the largest fifteen portfolio holdings of the Fund may be posted monthly on GMOs website (www.gmo.com). In addition, attribution information regarding the positions of the Fund may be posted monthly on GMOs website (e.g., best/worst performing positions in the Fund over a specified time period). Such information is available without a confidentiality agreement to registered users on GMOs website.
Additional information regarding the Funds portfolio holdings as of each months end may be made available to shareholders of the Trust (including shareholders of record who have indirect investments in the Fund through another GMO Fund) (permitted shareholders), qualified potential shareholders as determined by GMO (including qualified
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potential shareholders of record who are considering an indirect investment in the Fund through another fund managed by GMO) (potential shareholders), and their consultants and agents approximately five days after month end.
Permitted shareholders and potential shareholders of the Fund, as well as their consultants and agents, are able to access the portfolio holdings of the GMO Funds in which the Fund invests when that information is posted each month on GMOs website. Periodically, in response to heightened market interest in specific issuers, the Funds holdings in one or more issuers may be made available on a more frequent basis to permitted shareholders, potential shareholders, and their consultants and agents (collectively, permitted recipients) through a secured link on GMOs website. This information may be posted as soon as the business day following the date to which the information relates.
To access this information on GMOs website (www.gmo.com/america/strategies), permitted recipients must contact GMO to obtain a user name and password (to the extent they do not already have them) and generally must enter into a confidentiality and non-use agreement with GMO. Any exception must be approved in advance as described in the SAI. GMO also may make portfolio holdings information (including information regarding underlying GMO Fund holdings) available in alternate formats and under additional circumstances under the conditions described in the SAI. Beneficial owners of shares of the Fund who have invested in the Fund through a broker or agent should contact that broker or agent for information on how to obtain access to information on the website regarding the Funds portfolio holdings.
The Fund or GMO may suspend the posting of portfolio holdings of the Fund, and the Fund may modify the disclosure policy, without notice to shareholders. Once posted, the Funds portfolio holdings typically will remain available on the website at least until the Fund files a Form N-CSR (annual/semiannual report) or Form N-Q (quarterly schedule of portfolio holdings) for the period that includes the date of those holdings.
Under ordinary circumstances, you may purchase the Funds shares directly from the Trust on days when both the NYSE and U.S. bond markets are open for business. In addition, certain brokers and agents are authorized to accept purchase and redemption orders on the Funds behalf. These brokers and agents may charge transaction fees and impose restrictions on purchases of Fund shares through them. For instructions on purchasing shares, call the Trust at 1-617-346-7646 or send an e-mail to SHS@GMO.com, or contact your broker or agent. The Trust will not accept a purchase order until it has received a GMO Trust Application deemed to be in good order by the Trust or its agent. In addition, the Trust may not accept a purchase order unless an Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Form W-9 (for U.S. shareholders) or the appropriate IRS Form W-8 (for non-U.S. shareholders) with a correct taxpayer identification number (if required) is on file with, and that W-9 or W-8 is deemed to be in good order by, the Trusts withholding agent, State Street Bank and Trust Company. The Trust, its agent or a financial intermediary may require additional tax-related certifications, information or other documentation from you in order to comply with applicable U.S. federal reporting and withholding tax provisions, including the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act. If you do not provide such IRS forms and other certifications, information or documentation, you may be subject to withholding taxes on distributions or proceeds received upon the sale, exchange or redemption of your Fund shares. For more information on these rules, see Taxes in the SAI. Please consult your tax adviser to ensure all tax forms provided to the Trust or its agent are completed properly and maintained, as required, in good order. GMO and/or its agents have the right to decide when a completed form is in good order.
Purchase Policies. You must submit a purchase order in good order to avoid its being rejected. In general, a purchase order is in good order if it includes:
| The name of the Fund being purchased; |
| The U.S. dollar amount of the shares to be purchased; |
| The date on which the purchase is to be made (subject to receipt prior to the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time) (the Cut-off Time) on that date); |
| The name and/or the account number (if any) set forth with sufficient clarity to avoid ambiguity; and |
| The signature of an authorized signatory as identified in the GMO Trust Application or subsequent authorized signers list. |
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For retirement accounts, additional information regarding contributions typically is required.
If payment in full (in U.S. funds paid by check or wire or, when approved, by securities) is not received prior to the Cut-off Time on the intended purchase date, the order may be rejected or deferred until payment in full is received unless prior arrangements for later payment have been approved by GMO.
If a purchase order is received in good order by the Trust or its agent, together with payment in full, prior to the Cut-off Time, the purchase price for the Fund shares to be purchased is the net asset value per share of the class of Fund shares being purchased determined on that day (plus any applicable purchase premium). If that order is received after the Cut-off Time, the purchase price for the Fund shares to be purchased is the net asset value per share of the class of Fund shares to be purchased determined on the next business day that both the NYSE and U.S. bond markets are open (plus any applicable purchase premium). Purchase orders that are received on days when either the NYSE or the U.S. bond markets are closed will not be accepted until the next day on which both the NYSE and the U.S. bond markets are open, and the purchase price will be the net asset value per share of the class of Fund shares to be purchased determined on that day (plus any applicable purchase premium).
To help the U.S. government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal law requires the Trust to verify identifying information provided by each investor in its GMO Trust Application and the Trust may require further identifying documentation. If the Trust is unable to verify the information shortly after your account is opened, the account may be closed and your shares redeemed at their net asset value at the time of the redemption.
The Trust and/or its agents reserve the right to reject any purchase order. In addition, without notice, the Fund in its sole discretion may temporarily or permanently suspend sales of its shares to new investors and/or existing shareholders.
Minimum initial investment amounts for the Fund are set forth in the Multiple Classes and Eligibility section on page 30 of this Prospectus. The Trust may increase minimum initial investment amounts at any time and may waive initial minimums, if any, for some investors.
Funds advised or sub-advised by GMO (Top Funds) may purchase shares of the Fund after the Cut-off Time and receive the current days price if the following conditions are met: (i) the Top Fund received a purchase order in good order prior to the Cut-off Time on that day; and (ii) the purchase(s) by the Top Fund of shares of the Fund are executed pursuant to an allocation predetermined by GMO prior to that days Cut-off Time.
Submitting Your Purchase Order Form. Completed purchase order forms can be submitted by mail, facsimile, or e-mail (provided that a PDF copy of the completed purchase order form is attached to the e-mail) or other form of communication pre-approved by Shareholder Services to the Trust at:
GMO Trust
c/o Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, Massachusetts 02110
Facsimile: 1-617-439-4192
Attention: Shareholder Services E-mail: clientorder@gmo.com
Call the Trust at 1-617-346-7646 or send an e-mail to SHS@GMO.com to confirm that GMO received, made a good order determination regarding, and accepted your purchase order form. Do not send cash, checks, or securities directly to the Trust. A purchase order submitted by mail, facsimile or e-mail is received by the Trust when it is actually received by the Trust or its agent. The Trust is not responsible for purchase orders submitted but not actually received by the Trust or its agent for any reason, including purchase orders not received on account of a computer virus or other third-party interference.
Funding Your Investment. You may purchase shares:
| with cash (by means of wire transfer or check or other form of payment preapproved by GMO Shareholder Services) |
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▶ | By wire. Instruct your bank to wire your investment to: |
State Street Bank and Trust Company, Boston, Massachusetts
ABA#: 011000028
Attn: Transfer Agent
Credit: GMO Trust Deposit Account 00330902
Further credit: GMO Fund/Account name and number
▶ | By check. All checks must be made payable to the Fund or to GMO Trust. The Trust will not accept checks payable to a third party that have been endorsed by the payee to the Trust. Mail checks to: |
By U.S. Postal Service:
State Street Bank and Trust Company Attn: GMO Transfer Agent Box 5493 Mail Code CPH0255 Boston, Massachusetts 02206 |
By Overnight Courier:
State Street Bank and Trust Company Attn: GMO Transfer Agent 100 Huntington Avenue Mail Code CPH0255 Copley Place Tower 2, Floor 3 Boston, Massachusetts 02116 |
| in exchange for securities acceptable to GMO |
▶ | securities must be approved by GMO prior to transfer to the Fund |
▶ | securities will be valued as set forth under Determination of Net Asset Value |
▶ | you may bear any stamp or other transaction-based taxes or certain other costs arising in connection with the transfer of securities to the Fund |
| by a combination of cash and securities |
The Trust is not responsible for cash (including wire transfers and checks) or securities delivered in connection with a purchase of Fund shares until they are actually received by the Fund. A purchaser will not earn interest on any funds prior to their investment in the Fund.
Frequent Trading Activity. As a matter of policy, the Trust will not honor requests for purchases or exchanges by shareholders identified as engaging in frequent trading strategies, including market timing, that GMO determines could be harmful to the Fund and its shareholders. Frequent trading strategies generally are strategies that involve repeated exchanges and/or purchases and redemptions (or redemptions and purchases) within a short period of time. Frequent trading strategies can be disruptive to the efficient management of the Fund, materially increase portfolio transaction costs and taxes, dilute the value of shares held by long-term investors, or otherwise be harmful to the Fund and its shareholders.
The Trustees have adopted procedures designed to detect and prevent frequent trading activity that could be harmful to the Fund and its shareholders (the Procedures). The Procedures include the fair valuation of non-U.S. securities, periodic surveillance of trading in shareholder accounts and inquiry as to the nature of trading activity. If GMO determines that an account is engaging in frequent trading that has the potential to be harmful to the Fund or its shareholders, the Procedures permit GMO to adopt various preventative measures, including suspension of the accounts exchange and purchase privileges. There is no assurance that the Procedures will be effective in all instances. The Fund reserves the right to reject any order or terminate the sale of Fund shares at any time. Notwithstanding the foregoing, these policies and procedures do not limit frequent trading of some other GMO Funds in which the Fund may invest.
Other funds and accounts over which GMO has investment discretion invest in other GMO Funds and are not subject to restrictions on how often they may purchase those Funds shares. Although GMO may not take affirmative steps to detect frequent trading for the Fund, GMO will not honor requests for purchases or exchanges by shareholders identified as engaging in frequent trading strategies that GMO determines could be harmful to the Fund and its shareholders.
Shares of the Fund may be distributed through financial intermediaries that submit aggregate or net purchase and redemption orders through omnibus accounts. These omnibus accounts often by nature engage in frequent transactions due to the daily trading activity of their investors. Because transactions by omnibus accounts often take place on a net basis, GMOs ability to detect and prevent the implementation of frequent trading strategies within those accounts is limited. GMO ordinarily seeks the agreement of a financial intermediary to monitor and restrict frequent trading in
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accordance with the Procedures. In addition, the Fund may rely on a financial intermediary to monitor and restrict frequent trading in accordance with the intermediarys policies and procedures in lieu of the Procedures if GMO believes that the financial intermediarys policies and procedures are reasonably designed to detect and prevent frequent trading activity that could be harmful to the Fund and its shareholders. Shareholders who own Fund shares through an intermediary should consult with that intermediary regarding its frequent trading policies.
Under ordinary circumstances, you may redeem the Funds shares on days when both the NYSE and U.S. bond markets are open for business. Redemption orders should be submitted directly to the Trust unless the Fund shares to be redeemed were purchased through a broker or agent, in which case the redemption order should be submitted to that broker or agent. The broker or agent may charge transaction fees and impose restrictions on redemptions of Fund shares through it. For instructions on redeeming shares directly, call the Trust at 1-617-346-7646 or send an e-mail to SHS@GMO.com. The Fund may remit the redemption proceeds for redemption orders received on the same day at different times for different shareholders and may take up to seven days to remit proceeds.
Redemption Policies. You must submit a redemption order in good order to avoid having it rejected by the Trust or its agent. In general, a redemption order is in good order if it includes:
| The name of the Fund being redeemed; |
| The number of shares or the dollar amount of the shares to be redeemed or, in the case of a Fund with a redemption fee, the dollar amount that the investor wants to receive; |
| The date on which the redemption is to be made (subject to receipt prior to the Cut-off Time on that date); |
| The name or the account number set forth with sufficient clarity to avoid ambiguity; |
| The signature of an authorized signatory as identified in the GMO Trust Application or subsequent authorized signers list; and |
| Wire instructions or registration address that match the wire instructions or registration address (as applicable) on file at GMO or confirmation from an authorized signatory that the wire instructions are valid. |
For retirement accounts, additional information regarding distributions typically is required.
If a redemption order is received in good order by the Trust or its agent prior to the Cut-off Time, the redemption price for the Fund shares being redeemed is the net asset value per share of the class of Fund shares being redeemed determined on that day (less any applicable redemption fee). Redemption orders in good order that are received on days when either the NYSE or the U.S. bond markets are closed will not be accepted until the next day on which both the NYSE and the U.S. bond markets are open, and the redemption price will be the net asset value per share of the class of Fund shares being redeemed determined that day (less any applicable redemption fee). If a redemption order is received after the Cut-off Time, the redemption price for the Fund shares to be redeemed will be the net asset value per share determined on the next business day that both the NYSE and U.S. bond markets are open (less any applicable redemption fee), unless you or another authorized person on your account has instructed GMO Shareholder Services in writing to defer the redemption to another day. You or another authorized person on your account may revoke your redemption order in writing at any time prior to the Cut-off Time on the redemption date. Redemption fees, if any, apply to all shares of the Fund regardless of how the shares were acquired (e.g., by direct purchase or by reinvestment of dividends or other distributions). In the event of a disaster affecting Boston, Massachusetts, you should contact GMO to confirm that your redemption order was received and is in good order.
Failure to provide the Trust or its agent with a properly authorized redemption order or otherwise satisfy the Trust as to the validity of any change to the wire instructions or registration address may result in a delay in processing a redemption order, delay in remittance of redemption proceeds, or a rejection of the redemption order.
In GMOs sole discretion, the Fund may pay redemption proceeds wholly or partly in securities (selected by GMO) instead of cash. In particular, if market conditions deteriorate and GMO believes the Funds redemption fee (if any) will not fairly compensate the Fund for transaction costs, the Fund may limit cash redemptions and use portfolio securities to pay the redemption price to protect the interests of all Fund shareholders. Redemptions paid with portfolio
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securities may require shareholders to enter into new custodial arrangements if they do not have accounts available for holding securities directly.
If a redemption is paid in cash:
| payment will generally be made by means of a federal funds transfer to the bank account designated in the relevant GMO Trust Application |
▶ | designation of one or more additional bank accounts or any change in the bank accounts originally designated in the GMO Trust Application must be made in a recordable format by an authorized signatory according to the procedures in the GMO Trust Redemption Order Form |
▶ | if an ambiguity in wire instructions cannot be resolved in a timely manner, GMO may elect to remit redemption proceeds by check |
| upon request, payment will be made by check mailed to the registered address (unless another address is specified according to the procedures in the GMO Trust Redemption Order Form). |
The Trust will not process what it reasonably believes are duplicate redemption requests.
The Trust will not pay redemption proceeds to third-parties and does not offer check-writing privileges.
The Trust typically will not pay redemption proceeds to multiple bank accounts.
Redemption requests may be revoked prior to the Cut-off Time on the redemption date.
If a redemption is paid with securities, you should note that:
| the securities will be valued as set forth under Determination of Net Asset Value; |
| the securities will be selected by GMO in light of the Funds objective and other practical considerations and may not represent a pro rata distribution of each security held in the Funds portfolio; |
| you will likely incur brokerage charges on the sale of the securities; |
| redemptions paid in securities generally are treated by shareholders for tax purposes the same as redemptions paid in cash; |
| you may bear any stamp or other transaction-based taxes or certain other costs arising in connection with the Funds transfer of securities to you; and |
| the securities will be transferred and delivered by the Trust as directed in writing by an authorized person on your account. |
The Fund may suspend the right of redemption and may postpone payment for more than seven days:
| during periods when the NYSE is closed other than customary weekend or holiday closings; |
| during periods when trading on the NYSE is restricted; |
| during an emergency that makes it impracticable for the Fund to dispose of its securities or to fairly determine its net asset value; or |
| during any other period permitted by the SEC. |
Pursuant to the Trusts Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, the Trust has the unilateral right to redeem Fund shares held by a shareholder at any time (i) if at that time the shareholder owns shares of the Fund or a class of shares of the Fund having an aggregate net asset value of less than an amount determined from time to time by the Trustees; (ii) to the extent the shareholder owns shares of the Fund or a class of shares of the Fund equal to or in excess of a percentage of the outstanding shares of the Fund or the class of shares of the Fund determined from time to time by the Trustees; or (iii) as a means of satisfying legal obligations of the Trust in respect of a withholding tax and
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related interest, penalty and similar charges, including but not limited to obligations occasioned by the failure of a shareholder to provide any documentation requested by the Trust or its agent. The Trustees have authorized GMO in its sole discretion to redeem shares to prevent a shareholder from becoming an affiliated person of the Fund.
Top Funds may redeem shares of the Fund after the Cut-off Time and receive the current days price if the following conditions are met: (i) the Top Fund received a redemption order prior to the Cut-off Time on that day; and (ii) the redemption of the shares of the Fund is executed pursuant to an allocation predetermined by GMO prior to that days Cut-off Time.
Cost Basis Reporting. If your account is subject to U.S. federal tax reporting or you otherwise have informed the Fund that you would like to receive informational only U.S. federal tax reporting, upon your redemption or exchange of Fund shares you hold in that account, the Fund will provide you with cost basis and certain other related tax information about those shares. This cost basis reporting requirement is effective for shares newly purchased, including through dividend reinvestment, on or after December 1, 2015. Shares of the Fund newly purchased prior to December 1, 2015, generally are not subject to these rules, and shareholders are responsible for keeping their own records for determining tax basis in these shares. Please consult the Trust for more information regarding available methods for cost basis reporting, including the Funds default method, and how to select or change a particular method. You should consult your tax adviser to determine which available cost basis method is most appropriate for you.
If you purchased shares of the Fund through an intermediary, in general, the intermediary and not the Fund will be responsible for providing the cost basis and related reporting described above, including pursuant to the intermediarys available cost basis accounting methods. Thus, shareholders purchasing shares through an intermediary should contact the intermediary for more information about how to select a particular cost basis accounting method in respect of Fund shares, as well as for information about the intermediarys particular default method.
Submitting Your Redemption Order. Redemption orders can be submitted by mail, facsimile, or e-mail or other form of communication pre-approved by Shareholder Services to the Trust at the address/facsimile number/e-mail address set forth under How to Purchase Shares Submitting Your Purchase Order Form. Redemption orders are received by the Trust when they are actually received by the Trust or its agent. Call the Trust at 1-617-346-7646 or send an e-mail to SHS@GMO.com to confirm that GMO received, made a good order determination regarding, and accepted your redemption order.
PURCHASE PREMIUMS AND REDEMPTION FEES
Purchase premiums and redemption fees are paid to and retained by a GMO Fund to help offset estimated portfolio transaction costs and other related costs (e.g., bid to ask spreads, stamp duties, and transfer fees) incurred by such GMO Fund (directly or indirectly through investments in underlying GMO Funds or a wholly-owned subsidiary) as a result of the purchase or redemption by allocating estimated transaction costs to the purchasing or redeeming shareholder. Purchase premiums are not charged on reinvestments of dividends or other distributions. Redemption fees apply to all shares of a GMO Fund regardless of how the shares were acquired (e.g., by direct purchase or by reinvestment of dividends or other distributions). At present, the Fund does not charge any purchase premium or redemption fee. However, the Fund may impose a new purchase premium and/or redemption fee at any time.
MULTIPLE CLASSES AND ELIGIBILITY
The Fund offers multiple classes of shares. The sole economic difference among the various classes of shares is in their shareholder service fee. Differences in the shareholder service fee reflect the fact that, as the size of an investor relationship increases, the cost to service that investor decreases as a percentage of the investors assets managed by GMO and its affiliates. Thus, the shareholder service fee generally is lower for classes requiring greater minimum investments.
An investors eligibility to purchase Fund shares or different classes of Fund shares depends on the investors meeting either (i) the Minimum Total Fund Investment, which involves only an investors total investment in the Fund, or (ii) the Minimum Total GMO Investment, both of which are set forth in the table below. For investors owning shares of the Fund, no minimum additional investment is required to purchase additional shares of the Fund.
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Minimum Investment Criteria for Class Eligibility
Minimum Total Fund Investment |
Minimum Total GMO Investment |
Shareholder Service Fee | ||||
Class III Shares |
N/A | $10 million | 0.15% | |||
Class IV Shares |
$125 million | $250 million | 0.10% | |||
Class V Shares |
$250 million | $500 million | 0.085% | |||
Class VI Shares |
$300 million | $750 million | 0.055% |
An investors Minimum Total GMO Investment equals GMOs estimate of the market value of all the investors assets managed by GMO and its affiliates (i) at the time of the investors initial investment, (ii) at the close of business on the last business day of each calendar quarter, or (iii) at other times as determined by GMO (including those described below under Conversions between Classes) (each, a Determination Date). When purchasing shares of the Fund, investors should consult with GMO to determine the applicable Determination Date and the share class for which they are eligible.
Upon request GMO may permit an investor to undertake in writing to meet the applicable Minimum Total GMO Investment over a specified period (a Commitment Letter).
You should note:
| No minimum additional investment is required to purchase additional shares of the Fund if you hold shares of the Fund. |
| GMO makes all determinations as to which investor accounts should be aggregated for purposes of determining eligibility for the Fund. When making decisions regarding whether accounts should be aggregated because they are part of a larger client relationship, GMO considers several factors including, but not limited to, whether: the multiple accounts are for one or more subsidiaries of the same parent company; the multiple accounts have the same beneficial owner regardless of the legal form of ownership; the registered owner has full discretion over all underlying assets; the investment mandate is the same or substantially similar across the relationship; the asset allocation strategies are substantially similar across the relationship; GMO reports to the same investment board; the multiple accounts share the same consultant; GMO services the relationship through a single GMO relationship manager; the relationships have substantially similar reporting requirements; and the relationship can be serviced from a single geographic location. |
| Eligibility requirements for the Fund are subject to change. |
| GMO may waive eligibility requirements for some persons, accounts, or special situations. These waivers include the waiver of eligibility requirements for (i) GMO Funds and other accounts over which GMO has investment discretion that invest in other GMO Funds, (ii) GMO directors, partners, employees, agents, and their family members, (iii) the Trustees of the Trust, (iv) Trustees of other mutual funds sponsored by GMO, and (v) clients of an investment consultant or similar investment professional with a substantial ongoing business relationship with GMO. GMO may discontinue such waivers at any time without notice. |
Conversions between Classes
As described above, in determining whether an investor is eligible to purchase Fund shares, GMO considers each investors Minimum Total Fund Investment and Minimum Total GMO Investment on each Determination Date. Based on this determination, and subject to the following, each investors shares of the Fund eligible for conversion will be converted to the class of shares of the Fund with the lowest shareholder service fee for which the investor satisfies all minimum investment requirements (or, to the extent the investor already holds shares of that class, the investor will remain in that class). Except as noted below, with respect to the Fund:
| If an investor satisfies all minimum investment requirements for a class of shares then being offered that bears a lower shareholder service fee than the class held by the investor on the Determination Date (generally at the close of business on the last business day of each calendar quarter), the investors shares eligible for conversion |
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generally will be automatically converted to that class within 45 calendar days following the Determination Date on a date selected by GMO. |
| If an investor no longer satisfies all minimum investment requirements for the class of shares of the Fund held by the investor on the last Determination Date of a calendar year (generally at the close of business on the last business day of the calendar year), the Fund generally will convert the investors shares to the class it is then offering bearing the lowest shareholder service fee for which the investor satisfies all minimum investment requirements (which class typically will bear a higher shareholder service fee than the class then held by the investor). If an investor no longer satisfies all minimum investment requirements for any class of the Fund as of the last Determination Date of a calendar year, the Fund will convert the investors shares to the class of that Fund then being offered bearing the highest shareholder service fee. Notwithstanding the foregoing, an investors shares will not be converted to a class of shares bearing a higher shareholder service fee without at least 15 calendar days prior notice, and if the investor makes an additional investment or the value of the investors shares otherwise increases prior to the end of the notice period so as to satisfy all minimum investment requirements for the investors current class of shares, the investor will remain in the class of shares then held by the investor. Solely for the purpose of determining whether an investor has satisfied the minimum investment requirements for an investors current class of shares, the value of the investors shares is considered to be the greater of (i) the value of the investors shares on the relevant Determination Date, (ii) the value of the investors shares on the date that GMO reassesses the value of the investors account for the purpose of sending notice of a proposed conversion, or (iii) the value of the investors shares immediately prior to the date when the conversion would take place. If the investor is not able to make an additional investment in the Fund solely because the Fund is closed to new investment or is capacity constrained, the class of shares then held by the investor will not be converted unless GMO approves reopening the Fund to permit the investor to make an additional investment. The conversion of an investors shares to a class of shares bearing a higher shareholder service fee generally will occur within 60 calendar days following the last Determination Date of a calendar year or, in the case of conversion due to an abusive pattern of investments or redemptions (see next paragraph), on any other date GMO determines. |
The Fund may at any time without notice convert an investors shares to the class it is then offering bearing the lowest shareholder service fee for which the investor satisfied all minimum investment requirements (or, if the Fund has no such class, the class of the Fund bearing the highest shareholder service fee) if the investor no longer satisfies all minimum investment requirements for the class of shares held by the investor and: (i) GMO believes the investor has engaged in an abusive pattern of investments or redemptions (e.g., a large investment just before a Determination Date and a redemption immediately after the Determination Date), (ii) the investor fails to meet the applicable Minimum Total Fund Investment or Minimum Total GMO Investment by the time specified in the investors Commitment Letter, or (iii) the total expense ratio borne by the investor immediately following the conversion is equal to or less than the total expense ratio borne by the investor immediately before the conversion (after giving effect to any applicable fee and expense waivers or reimbursements).
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the conversion of an investors investment from one class of shares of the Fund to another class of shares of the Fund generally should not result in the recognition of gain or loss in the shares that are converted. Thus, in general, the investors tax basis in the new class of shares immediately after the conversion should equal the investors basis in the converted shares immediately before the conversion, and the holding period of the new class of shares should include the holding period of the converted shares.
Except as specifically noted below, this section provides a general summary of the principal U.S. federal income tax consequences of investing in the Fund for shareholders who are U.S. citizens, residents, or corporations. You should consult your own tax advisers about the precise tax consequences of an investment in the Fund in light of your particular tax situation, including possible non-U.S., state, local, or other applicable taxes (including the federal alternative minimum tax). The Funds shareholders may include certain GMO Funds not offered in this Prospectus, some of which are RICs as defined by Subchapter M of the Code. The summary below does not address tax consequences to shareholders of those other GMO Funds. Shareholders of those other GMO Funds should refer to the prospectuses or private placement
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memoranda, as applicable, and statements of additional information for those GMO Funds for a summary of the tax consequences applicable to them.
The policy of the Fund is to declare and pay dividends of its net investment income, if any, at least annually, although the Fund is permitted to, and will from time to time, declare and pay dividends of net investment income, if any, more frequently. The Fund also intends to distribute net realized capital gains, whether from the sale of investments held by the Fund for not more than one year (net short-term capital gains) or from the sale of investments held by the Fund for more than one year (net long-term capital gains), if any, at least annually. In addition, the Fund may, from time to time and at its discretion, make unscheduled distributions in advance of large redemptions by shareholders or as otherwise deemed appropriate by the Fund. Net investment income of the Fund includes (i) distributions received from an underlying fund taxed as a RIC attributable to the underlying funds own net investment income and net short-term capital gains and (ii) the Funds allocable share of net investment income of an underlying fund taxed as a partnership. Net realized capital gains includes (x) distributions received from an underlying fund taxed as a RIC attributable to the underlying funds net long-term capital gains and (y) the Funds allocable share of net short-term or net long-term capital gains of an underlying fund taxed as a partnership. From time to time, distributions by the Fund could constitute a return of capital to shareholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Shareholders should read the description below for information regarding the tax character of distributions from the Fund to shareholders.
Typically, all dividends or other distributions are reinvested in additional shares of the Fund, at net asset value, unless GMO or its agents receive and process a shareholder election to receive cash. Shareholders may elect to receive cash by marking the appropriate boxes on the GMO Trust Application, by writing to the Trust, or by notifying their broker or agent. No purchase premium, if any, is charged on reinvested dividends or distributions.
It is important for you to note:
| The Fund is treated as a separate taxable entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The Fund intends to elect to be treated and intends to qualify and be treated each year as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. A RIC generally is not subject to tax at the fund level on income and gains from investments that are timely distributed to shareholders. However, the Funds failure to qualify as a RIC would result in, among other things, Fund-level taxation, and consequently, a reduction in the value of the Fund. See Taxes in the SAI for more information about the tax consequences of not qualifying as a RIC. |
| For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions of net investment income generally are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. |
| For U.S. federal income tax purposes, taxes on distributions of net realized capital gains generally are determined by how long the Fund owned the investments generating the gains, rather than by how long a shareholder has owned shares in the Fund. Distributions of net realized capital gains from the sale of investments that the Fund owned for more than one year and that are reported by the Fund as capital gain dividends generally are taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gains. Distributions of net realized capital gains from the sale of investments that the Fund owned for one year or less generally are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Tax rules can alter the Funds holding period in investments and thereby affect the tax treatment of gain or loss on such investments. |
| The Fund may make total distributions during a taxable year in an amount that exceeds the Funds net investment income and net realized capital gains for that year, in which case the excess generally would be treated as a return of capital, which would reduce a shareholders tax basis in its shares, with any amounts exceeding such basis treated as capital gain. A return of capital is not taxable to shareholders to the extent such amount does not exceed a shareholders tax basis, but it reduces a shareholders tax basis in its shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition by the shareholder of its shares. |
| The Fund will carry any net realized capital losses (i.e., realized capital losses in excess of realized capital gains) from any taxable year forward to one or more subsequent taxable years to offset capital gains, if any, realized during such subsequent years. The Fund will carry net capital losses forward to one or more subsequent years without expiration. The Fund must apply such carryforwards first against gains of the same character. The Funds available capital loss carryforwards, if any, will be set forth in its annual shareholder report for each fiscal year. The Funds ability to utilize these and certain other losses to reduce distributable net realized capital gains in |
33
succeeding taxable years may be limited by reason of direct or indirect changes in the actual or constructive ownership of the Fund. See Taxes in the SAI for more information. |
| Distributions of net investment income properly reported by the Fund as derived from qualified dividend income will be taxable to shareholders taxed as individuals at the rates applicable to net capital gain, provided holding period and other requirements are met at both the shareholder and Fund levels. |
| Distributions of net investment income derived from dividends eligible for the dividends-received deduction may allow a corporate shareholder (other than an S corporation) to deduct a percentage of such distribution, as a dividends-received deduction, in computing its taxable income, provided holding period and other requirements are met at both the shareholder and Fund levels. |
| The Code generally imposes a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on the net investment income of individuals and of certain trusts and estates to the extent their income exceeds certain threshold amounts. Net investment income generally includes for this purpose dividends, including any capital gain dividends, paid by the Fund, and net gains recognized on the sale, redemption or exchange of shares in the Fund, and may be reduced by certain allowable deductions. Shareholders are advised to consult their tax advisers regarding the possible implications of this additional tax on their investment in the Fund in light of their particular circumstances. |
| Distributions by the Fund generally are taxable to a shareholder even if they are paid from income or gains earned by the Fund before that shareholder invested in the Fund (and accordingly the income or gains were included in the price the shareholder paid for the Funds shares). Distributions are taxable whether shareholders receive them in cash or reinvest them in additional shares. |
| Distributions by the Fund to retirement plans that qualify for tax-exempt treatment under U.S. federal income tax laws generally will not be taxable. Special tax rules apply to investments through such plans. You should consult your tax adviser to determine the suitability of the Fund as an investment through such a plan and the tax treatment of distributions from such a plan. |
| Any gain resulting from a shareholders sale, exchange, or redemption of Fund shares generally will be taxable to the shareholder as short- or long-term capital gain, depending on how long the Fund shares were held by the shareholder. Immediately following the change in tax status described above in the U.S. tax information section of the Fund Summary, each shareholder will have a split holding period for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Redemptions paid in securities generally are treated by shareholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes the same as redemptions paid in cash. |
| To the extent the Fund invests, directly or indirectly, in other GMO Funds, subsidiaries of GMO Funds, or other investment companies treated as RICs, partnerships, trusts or other pass-through structures for U.S. federal income tax purposes, including certain ETFs, the Funds distributions could vary in terms of their timing, character, and/or amount, in some cases significantly, from what the Funds distributions would have been had the Fund invested directly in the portfolio investments held by the underlying investment companies. See Taxes in the SAI for more information. |
| The Funds income from or the proceeds of dispositions of its non-U.S. investments may be subject to non-U.S. withholding or other taxes. The Fund may otherwise be subject to non-U.S. taxation on repatriation proceeds generated from those investments or to other transaction-based non-U.S. taxes on those investments. Those withholding and other taxes will reduce the Funds return on and taxable distributions in respect of its non-U.S. investments. In some cases, the Fund may seek a refund in respect of taxes paid to a non-U.S. country (see Description of Principal RisksNon-U.S. Investment Risk for more information). The non-U.S. withholding and other tax rates applicable to the Funds investments in certain non-U.S. jurisdictions may be higher in certain circumstances, for instance, if the Fund has a significant number of non-U.S. shareholders, if the Fund owns a significant holding of a non-U.S. issuer or if the Fund or an underlying fund invests through a subsidiary. In certain instances, shareholders may be entitled to claim a credit or deduction (but not both) for non-U.S. taxes paid directly or indirectly. In addition, the Funds investments in certain non-U.S. investments, foreign currencies or foreign currency derivatives may accelerate Fund distributions to shareholders and increase the distributions taxed to shareholders as ordinary income. See Taxes in the SAI for more information. |
34
| Any U.S. withholding or other taxes applicable to the Funds investments, including in respect of investments in its wholly-owned subsidiary will reduce the Funds return on its investments. |
| Under the Funds securities lending arrangements, if the Fund lends a portfolio security and a dividend is paid in respect of the security out on loan, the borrower is required to pay to that Fund a substitute payment at least equal, on an after-tax basis, to the dividend that the Fund would have received if it had received the dividend directly. Because some borrowers of non-U.S. securities may be subject to levels of taxation that are lower than the rates applicable to the Fund, some borrowers are likely to be motivated by the ability to earn a profit on those differential tax rates and to pay the Fund for the opportunity to earn that profit. In the United States, Congress has enacted legislation limiting the ability of certain swaps and similar derivative instruments and securities lending transactions to reduce otherwise applicable U.S. withholding taxes on U.S. stock dividends paid to a non-U.S. person. There can be no assurance that similar legislation will not be adopted in other jurisdictions with respect to non-U.S. investments or that non-U.S. taxing authorities will not otherwise challenge beneficial tax results arising from swaps or other derivative instruments or securities lending arrangements. |
| Some of the Funds investment practices, including derivative transactions, short sales, hedging activities generally, and securities lending activities, as well as some of the Funds investments, including debt obligations issued or purchased at a discount, asset-backed securities, assets marked to the market for U.S. federal income tax purposes, REITs, equity in certain non-U.S. corporations, master limited partnerships and, potentially, so-called indexed securities (such as TIPS or other inflation-indexed bonds), are subject to special and complex U.S. federal income tax provisions. These special rules may affect the timing, character, and amount of the Funds distributions and, in some cases, may cause the Fund to liquidate investments at disadvantageous times. |
| The Funds investment through a wholly-owned subsidiary could affect the amount, timing and character of its distributions and could cause the Fund to recognize taxable income in excess of the cash generated by such investment, requiring the Fund in turn to liquidate investments at disadvantageous times to generate cash needed to make required distributions. See Taxes in the SAI for more information about the tax consequences of specific Fund investment practices and investments, including the Funds investments in a wholly-owned subsidiary. |
| The Fund does not expect to pass through to shareholders the tax-exempt character of interest from investments in tax-exempt municipal bonds, if any. Therefore, any interest on municipal bonds will be taxable to shareholders of the Fund when received as a distribution from the Fund. |
| In general, in order to qualify as a RIC, the Fund must, among other things, derive at least 90% of its gross income from certain specified sources (qualifying income). The Fund generally should be entitled to treat income that it recognizes from its investments in a wholly-owned foreign subsidiary as qualifying income. There is a risk, however, that the IRS could determine that some or all of the gross income derived from investments in one or more of these foreign subsidiaries is not qualifying income, which might adversely affect the Funds ability to qualify as a RIC under the Code. |
| The Funds ability to pursue its investment strategy, including a strategy involving the ability to engage in certain derivative transactions, may be limited by the Funds intention to qualify as a RIC and the Funds strategy may bear adversely on the Funds ability to so qualify. |
| It is possible that withholding taxes will apply to certain categories of the U.S.-source income of the wholly-owned foreign subsidiary of the Fund. It is expected that (i) all the net income and gain from the investments of such foreign subsidiary will be includible in the Funds net investment income at the end of such subsidiarys taxable year as so-called subpart F income; and (ii) all such subpart F income will be treated as ordinary income in the hands of the Fund. The subsidiarys distributions to the Fund, including in redemption of subsidiary shares, are generally tax-free to the extent of the subsidiarys subpart F income previously included in the Funds income. The subsidiary may be required to liquidate investments at disadvantageous times to generate cash needed to make such distributions to the Fund. Net losses the subsidiary recognizes during a taxable year will not flow through to the Fund to offset income or gain generated by the Funds other investments, or carry forward to subsequent taxable years; this will limit the benefit from those losses. |
35
| Dividends (other than capital gain dividends) paid to non-U.S. shareholders are generally subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax at a rate of 30% (or lower applicable treaty rate). For more information on the tax consequences of investing in the Fund for non-U.S. shareholders, see Taxes in the SAI. Non-U.S. shareholders described in section 892 of the Code should consult their tax advisers with respect to their investment in the Fund. |
| Sections 1471-1474 of the Code and the U.S. Treasury Regulations and IRS guidance issued thereunder (collectively, FATCA) generally require the Fund to obtain information sufficient to identify the status of each of its shareholders under FATCA or under an applicable intergovernmental agreement (an IGA). If a shareholder fails to provide this information or otherwise fails to comply with FATCA or an IGA, the Fund or its agent may be required to withhold under FATCA 30% of the distributions, other than distributions properly reported as capital gain dividends, the Fund pays to that shareholder and, on or after January 1, 2017 (which date, under recent Treasury guidance, is expected to be delayed until on or after January 1, 2019), 30% of the gross proceeds of the sale, redemption or exchange of Fund shares and certain capital gain dividends the Fund pays to that shareholder. If a payment by the Fund is subject to FATCA withholding, the Fund or its agent is required to withhold even if the payment would otherwise be exempt from withholding under rules applicable to non-U.S. shareholders (e.g., capital gain dividends). Each prospective shareholder is urged to consult its tax adviser regarding the applicability of FATCA and any other reporting requirements. In addition, foreign countries are considering, and may implement, laws similar in purpose and scope to FATCA, as more fully described above. See Taxes in the SAI for more information. |
| Most states permit mutual funds, such as the Fund, to pass through to their shareholders the state tax exemption on income earned from investments in some direct U.S. Treasury obligations, as well as some limited types of U.S. government agency securities, so long as a fund meets all applicable state requirements. Therefore, you may be allowed to exclude from your state taxable income distributions made to you by the Fund that are attributable to interest the Fund directly or indirectly earned on such investments. The availability of these exemptions varies by state. You should consult your tax adviser regarding the applicability of any such exemption to your situation. |
See Taxes in the SAI for more information, including a summary of some of the tax consequences of investing in the Fund for non-U.S. shareholders.
As described above under Management of the Fund, GMO Singapore furnishes discretionary investment advisory services and makes investment decisions for and places orders for the purchase and sale of securities for, all or a part of the Funds (including its subsidiarys) portfolio, as determined by GMO.
GMO believes that an exemption from Singapore taxation should apply to income and gains derived from the provision of such discretionary investment advisory services and from such investment decisions made by GMO Singapore for a qualifying fund, so long as, among other requirements, such income and gains constitute specified income from designated investments as those terms are defined under current Singapore tax law. In this regard, the sources of specified income from designated investments earned solely by the Fund (and not by any other series of GMO Trust) are considered. GMO expects that substantially all such income and gains earned by the Fund will constitute specified income from designated investments. This tax position takes into account advice received from Singapore legal counsel and relevant Singapore tax law. All income and gains that are considered to be Singapore-sourced (including amounts attributable to Fund-level permanent establishment in Singapore) and that do not otherwise qualify for the exemption would generally be subject to Singapore taxation at the current corporate rate of 17%. Shareholders bear the risk of all Fund income tax consequences in the event that income or gains are subject to Singapore taxation.
In addition to the foregoing, a non-qualifying shareholder (described below) may be required to pay a financial amount to the Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore and fulfill certain Singapore tax reporting requirements. Very generally, non-qualifying shareholders may include, but are not limited to, Singapore-domiciled shareholders that maintain a permanent establishment in Singapore and who, either alone or with their associates, beneficially own applicable qualifying fund shares representing in excess of 50% of a qualifying funds net assets as of the final day of that qualifying funds financial year-end (or in excess of 30% of the qualifying funds net assets, to the extent the qualifying fund has less than 10 shareholders). The financial amount is generally computed by applying the prevailing corporate rate of tax to a non-qualifying shareholders share of qualifying fund profits.
Shareholders are responsible for evaluating their percentage interest of net assets in a qualifying fund for the purpose of their own particular situations. Relevant information may be derived from account statements and other information
36
provided to shareholders in respect of the qualifying fund. Upon the reasonable request of a shareholder, GMO will provide information necessary to allow the shareholder to assess its percentage ownership in the qualifying fund.
As described above under Management of the Fund, GMO has entered into a personnel sharing agreement with GMO Australia. GMO currently believes that the Funds (including its subsidiarys) income or gains should not become Australian sourced and thus should not be subject to Australian income tax merely by virtue of such personnel sharing arrangement. The Australian Government has recently enacted certain legislation relating to the taxation of foreign managed funds in Australia that may mitigate the Australian tax risks for the Fund (including its subsidiary). The income or gains of the Fund, as a non-resident of Australia and to the extent the Fund (including its subsidiary) or its shareholders are not qualified to claim tax treaty benefits with Australia, will be subject to Australian income tax where that income or those gains constitute ordinary income which is Australian sourced. Given the way in which the Fund undertakes its trading activities, there is a low risk of any Australian sourced income or gains being derived by the Fund.
GMO currently believes that the Funds (including its subsidiarys) income or gains should not become Australian sourced merely by virtue of GMO Australia sharing personnel with GMO and the provision of certain investment management and other services in Australia, as described above in Management of the Fund. Its position takes into account advice received from Australian counsel and the published views of the Australian Commissioner of Taxation (Commissioner) in respect of similar arrangements. Any income or gains of the Fund (including its subsidiary) which the Commissioner considers to be Australian sourced and which do not otherwise qualify for tax treaty benefits with Australia (or with the Investment Manager Regime (IMR) described below) would generally be subject to Australian tax at the corporate rate of 30%. Shareholders of the Fund bear the risk of any such Australian income tax consequences in the event the Funds (including its subsidiarys) income or gains were to be subject to Australian tax.
The Australian Government has undertaken a review of the laws relating to the taxation of foreign managed funds in Australia. In particular, it has enacted or is implementing certain tax exemptions/concessions as part of IMR that may mitigate the Australian tax risks for the Fund (including its subsidiary) and its shareholders. The effect of IMR may be to exempt the Fund (including its subsidiary) and its shareholders from Australian taxes even if the income or gains of the Fund (including its subsidiary) were held to have an Australian source.
Shareholders should consult their own tax advisers regarding the tax consequences of an investment in the Fund, including the implications described herein.
See Taxes in the SAI for more information, including a summary of some of the tax consequences of investing in the Fund for non-U.S. shareholders.
37
(For a share outstanding throughout each period)
The financial highlights table is intended to help you understand the Funds financial performance for the past five years. Some information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the tables represent the rate that an investor would have earned (or lost) on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). This information (except for information for the six months ended August 31, 2015) has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the Funds financial statements, is incorporated by reference in the SAI and included in the Trusts annual reports, which are available upon request. The Funds unaudited financial statements for the six months ended August 31, 2015 are also incorporated by reference in the SAI and included in the Trusts semi-annual report, which are available upon request. All unaudited interim financial statements reflect all adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary to a fair statement of the results for the interim periods presented. In addition, all such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. Information is presented for the Fund, and class of Fund shares, that had investment operations during the reporting periods and is currently being offered by this Prospectus.
Information presented in the table for the Fund includes the accounts of the Fund and its wholly-owned subsidiary GMO Alternative Asset SPC Ltd. The consolidated financial highlights include 100% of the assets and liabilities of GMO Alternative Asset SPC Ltd. All significant interfund accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
GMO SGM Major Markets Fund Consolidated Financial Highlights
Class III Shares | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Year Ended February 28/29, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Six Months Ended August 31, 2015 (Unaudited) |
2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$ | 33.80 | $ | 32.18 | $ | 30.47 | $ | 30.05 | $ | 32.55 | $ | 27.24 | ||||||||||||
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Income (loss) from investment operations: |
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Net investment income (loss)(a) |
(0.13 | ) | (0.25 | ) | (0.22 | ) | (0.18 | ) | 0.00 | (b) | 0.11 | |||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) |
(0.45 | ) | 1.87 | (c) | 1.93 | 0.60 | (2.50 | ) | 5.20 | |||||||||||||||
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Total from investment operations |
(0.58 | ) | 1.62 | 1.71 | 0.42 | (2.50 | ) | 5.31 | ||||||||||||||||
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Net asset value, end of period |
$ | 33.22 | $ | 33.80 | $ | 32.18 | $ | 30.47 | $ | 30.05 | $ | 32.55 | ||||||||||||
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Total Return(d) |
(1.72 | )%** | 5.03 | % | 5.61 | % | 1.40 | % | (7.68 | )% | 19.49 | % | ||||||||||||
Ratios/Supplemental Data: |
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Net assets, end of period (000s) |
$ | 1,422,091 | $ | 1,499,443 | $ | 1,662,189 | $ | 959,752 | $ | 44,320 | $ | 25,546 | ||||||||||||
Net expenses to average daily net assets(e) |
0.85 | %* | 0.80 | % | 0.75 | % | 0.75 | %(f) | 0.69 | %(f) | 0.60 | % | ||||||||||||
Net investment income to average daily net assets(a) |
(0.77 | )%* | (0.76 | )% | (0.70 | )% | (0.61 | )% | (0.01 | )% | 0.38 | % | ||||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate |
0 | %** | 45 | % | 97 | % | 17 | % | 48 | % | 60 | % | ||||||||||||
Fees and expenses reimbursed and/or waived by GMO to average daily net assets: |
0.03 | %* | 0.08 | % | 0.13 | % | 0.17 | % | 1.64 | % | 1.15 | % |
(a) | Net investment income is affected by the timing of the declaration of dividends by the underlying funds in which the Fund invests. |
(b) | Net investment income (loss) was less than $0.01 per share. |
(c) | The amount shown for a share outstanding does not correspond with the aggregate net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments due to the timing of purchases and redemptions of Fund shares in relation to fluctuating market values of the investments of the Fund. |
(d) | Total returns would have been lower had certain expenses not been reimbursed and/or waived during the periods shown, if applicable, and assumes the effect of reinvested distributions, if any. Calculation excludes purchase premiums and redemption fees which are borne by the shareholder purchasing or redeeming Fund shares, if any. |
(e) | Net expenses exclude expenses incurred indirectly through investment in the underlying funds. |
(f) | The net expense ratio does not include the effect of expense reductions. |
| Calculated using average shares outstanding throughout the period. |
| Effective December 1, 2015, GMO Systematic Global Macro Opportunity Fund was renamed GMO SGM Major Markets Fund. |
* | Annualized. |
** | Not Annualized. |
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GMO U.S. Treasury Fund. GMO U.S. Treasury Fund (U.S. Treasury Fund), a series of the Trust, is not offered by this Prospectus. U.S. Treasury Fund is managed by GMO.
U.S. Treasury Fund pays an investment management fee to GMO at the annual rate of 0.08% of U.S. Treasury Funds average daily net assets. As of the date of this Prospectus, GMO has voluntarily waived U.S. Treasury Funds entire management fee. GMO may change or terminate this waiver at any time. U.S. Treasury Fund does not pay shareholder services fees to GMO. U.S. Treasury Fund offers a single class of shares.
U.S. Treasury Funds investment objective is liquidity and safety of principal with current income as a secondary objective.
GMO pursues investment strategies for U.S. Treasury Fund that are intended to complement the strategies it is pursuing in other funds or accounts managed by GMO. Accordingly, U.S. Treasury Fund is not a standalone investment.
Under normal circumstances, U.S. Treasury Fund invests at least 80% of its assets in Direct U.S. Treasury Obligations and repurchase agreements collateralized by these Obligations. Direct U.S. Treasury Obligations include U.S. Treasury bills, bonds and notes and other securities issued by the U.S. Treasury, as well as Separately Traded Registered Interest and Principal Securities (STRIPS) and other zero-coupon securities. GMO normally seeks to maintain an interest rate duration of one year or less for U.S. Treasury Funds portfolio.
U.S. Treasury Fund also may enter into repurchase agreements, under which U.S. Treasury Fund purchases a security backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government from a seller who simultaneously commits to repurchase, on an agreed upon date in the future, the security from U.S. Treasury Fund at the original purchase price plus an agreed upon amount representing the original purchase price plus interest. The counterparties in repurchase agreements are typically brokers and banks, and the safety of the arrangement depends on, among other things, U.S. Treasury Funds having an interest in the security that it can realize in the event of the insolvency of the counterparty.
In addition to Direct U.S. Treasury Obligations, U.S. Treasury Fund may invest in other fixed income securities that are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, such as fixed income securities issued by the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA) and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) that are guaranteed by the U.S. government. U.S. Treasury Fund also may invest in money market funds unaffiliated with GMO.
Although the fixed income securities purchased by U.S. Treasury Fund normally will have a stated or remaining maturity of one year or less, Direct U.S. Treasury Obligations purchased pursuant to repurchase agreements may not, and, therefore, if the counterparty to the repurchase agreement defaults, U.S. Treasury Fund may end up owning a security with a stated or remaining maturity of more than one year.
U.S. Treasury Fund is not a money market fund and is not subject to the duration, quality, diversification and other requirements applicable to money market funds.
In selecting U.S. Treasury securities for U.S. Treasury Funds portfolio, GMO focuses primarily on the relative attractiveness of different obligations (such as bonds, notes, or bills), which can vary depending on the general level of interest rates as well as supply and demand imbalances and other market conditions. The factors considered and investment methods used by GMO can change over time.
Other GMO Funds may invest in U.S. Treasury Fund.
To the extent the Fund invests in U.S. Treasury Fund, it is subject to all of the risks to which U.S. Treasury Fund is exposed. The principal risks of an investment in U.S. Treasury Fund include Market Risk Fixed Income Investments, Credit Risk, Focused Investment Risk, Large Shareholder Risk, Management and Operational Risk, and Market Disruption and Geopolitical Risk. Shareholders of each GMO Fund investing in U.S. Treasury Fund are indirectly exposed to these risks.
39
The following chart identifies the ticker, news-media symbol, and CUSIP number for each share class of the Fund currently being offered (if any).
Share Class |
Ticker | Symbol | CUSIP | |||||||||
Class III |
| | 362014 65 6 | |||||||||
Class IV |
| | 362014 64 9 | |||||||||
Class V |
| | 362014 63 1 | |||||||||
Class VI |
| | 362014 62 3 |
40
GMO TRUST
The Funds annual and semiannual reports to shareholders contain additional information about the Funds investments. The Funds annual report contains a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Funds performance during its last fiscal year. The Funds annual and semiannual reports are, and the Funds SAI is, available free of charge at http://www.gmo.com or by writing to Shareholder Services at GMO, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110 or by calling collect at 1-617-346-7646. The SAI contains more detailed information about the Fund and is incorporated by reference into this Prospectus, which means that it is legally considered to be part of this Prospectus.
You can review and copy the Prospectus, SAI, and reports at the SECs Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Information regarding the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-202-551-8090. Reports and other information about the Fund are available on the EDGAR database on the SECs Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. Copies of this information may be obtained, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the Public Reference Section of the SEC, Washington, D.C. 20549-1520.
Shareholders who wish to communicate with the Trustees must do so by mailing a written communication, addressed as follows: To the Attention of the Board of Trustees, c/o GMO Trust Chief Compliance Officer, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110. The shareholder communication must (i) be in writing and be signed by the shareholder, (ii) identify the Fund to which it relates, and (iii) identify the class and number of shares held beneficially or of record by the shareholder.
Shareholders may request additional
information from and direct inquiries to:
Shareholder Services at
Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110
1-617-346-7646 (call collect)
1-617-439-4192 (fax)
SHS@GMO.com
website: http://www.gmo.com
Funds Distributor, LLC
3 Canal Plaza
Suite 100
Portland, Maine 04101
Investment Company Act File No. 811-04347
41
GMO TRUST
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
December 1, 2015
GMO SGM Major Markets Fund
(formerly known as GMO Systematic Global Macro Opportunity Fund)
Class III:
Class IV:
Class V:
Class VI:
This Statement of Additional Information (SAI) is not a prospectus. It relates to the prospectus for GMO SGM Major Markets Fund (the Fund), dated December 1, 2015, as amended and revised from time to time (the Prospectus), and should be read in conjunction therewith. The Fund is a series of GMO Trust (the Trust). Information from the Prospectus is, and the Trusts audited financial statements, financial highlights, and report of the independent registered public accounting firm of the Fund, which are included in the annual report to shareholders of the Fund, are incorporated by reference into this SAI. The Prospectus and the annual report to shareholders of the Fund may be obtained free of charge from GMO Trust, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, or by calling the Trust collect at 1-617-346-7646.
Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (GMO) is not offering or placing interests in the Fund to or with or otherwise promoting the Fund to any natural or legal persons domiciled or with a registered office in any European Economic Area (EEA) Member State where the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (Directive 2011/61/EU) is in force and effect. GMO, in its discretion, may accept any such investor into the Fund, but only if it is satisfied that, by accepting such investor, it would not be in breach of any law, rule, regulation or other legislative or administrative measure in or otherwise applicable to the relevant EEA Member State and such investor is otherwise eligible under the laws of such EEA Member State to invest in the Fund. None of the Fund, GMO, their respective affiliates, or any natural or legal person acting on their behalf have been registered with, have been approved by, or have made a notification to any EEA Member State, European Union, or other regulatory, governmental, or similar body with respect to the Fund, and no such body has approved, endorsed, reviewed, acquiesced, or taken any similar action with respect to any offering, marketing, or other promotional materials relating to the Fund.
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-i-
The Fund is a series of the Trust. Prior to December 1, 2015, the Fund was known as GMO Systematic Global Macro Opportunity Fund. Prior to June 25, 2014, the Fund was known as GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund.
The Trust is a series investment company that consists of separate series of investment portfolios (the Series), each of which is represented by a separate series of shares of beneficial interest. Each Series manager is GMO. Shares of the other Series of the Trust are offered pursuant to separate prospectuses or private placement memoranda, as applicable, and statements of additional information.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
The investment objective and principal strategies of, and risks of investing in, the Fund are described in the Prospectus. Unless otherwise indicated in the Prospectus or this SAI, the investment objective and policies of the Fund may be changed without shareholder approval.
The following list indicates the types of investments that the Fund is generally permitted (but not required) to make. The Fund may, however, make other types of investments, provided the investments are consistent with the Funds investment objective and policies and the Funds investment restrictions do not expressly prohibit it from so doing.
Investors should note that, when used in this SAI, the term invest includes both direct and indirect investing and the term investments includes both direct and indirect investments. For instance, the Fund may invest indirectly or make indirect investments by investing in another investment company or in derivatives and synthetic instruments with economic characteristics similar to the underlying asset. Accordingly, the following list indicates the types of investments that the Fund is directly or indirectly permitted to make.
U.S. Equity Securities1
Non-U.S. Investments Non-U.S. Issuers2
Non-U.S. Investments Non-U.S. Issuers (Traded on U.S. Exchanges)2
Non-U.S. Investments Emerging Countries2
Securities Lending
Depositary Receipts
Convertible Securities
Preferred Stocks
Warrants and Rights
Non-Standard Warrants (LEPOs and P-Notes)
Options, Futures, and Forward Contracts
Swap Contracts and Other Two-Party Contracts
Foreign Currency Transactions
Repurchase Agreements
Debt and Other Fixed Income Securities
Debt and Other Fixed Income Securities Long- and Medium-Term Corporate & Government Bonds3
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Debt and Other Fixed Income Securities Short-Term Corporate & Government Bonds2
Debt and Other Fixed Income Securities Municipal Securities4
Cash and Other High Quality Investments
U.S. Government Securities and Foreign Government Securities
Auction Rate Securities
Real Estate Investment Trusts and Other Real Estate-Related Investments
Asset-Backed and Related Securities
Adjustable Rate Securities
Below Investment Grade Securities
Distressed or Defaulted Debt Securities
Brady Bonds
Euro Bonds
Zero Coupon Securities
Indexed Investments
Structured Notes
Firm Commitments, When-Issued Securities, and TBAs
Loans, Loan Participations, and Assignments
Reverse Repurchase Agreements and Dollar Roll Agreements
Commodity-Related Investments
Illiquid Securities, Private Placements, Restricted Securities, and IPOs and Other Limited Opportunities
Investments in Other Investment Companies or Other Pooled Investments
Investments in Other Investment Companies Shares of Other GMO Trust Funds
Investments in Subsidiary Companies Shares of Wholly-Owned Subsidiary5
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Footnotes to Fund Investments List
1 | For more information, see, among other sections, Description of Principal Risks Market Risk Equities in the Prospectus. |
2 | For more information, see, among other sections, Description of Principal Risks Non-U.S. Investment Risk in the Prospectus and Descriptions and Risks of Fund Investments Risks of Non-U.S. Investments herein. |
3 | For more information, see, among other sections, Descriptions and Risks of Fund Investments U.S. Government Securities and Foreign Government Securities herein. |
4 | For more information, see, among other sections, Descriptions and Risks of Fund Investments Municipal Securities herein. |
5 | For more information, see, among other sections, Descriptions and Risks of Fund Investments Investments in Wholly-Owned Subsidiaries herein. |
(Note: Some of the footnotes to the above list refer investors to various risks described in the Description of Principal Risks section of the Prospectus for more information relating to a particular type of investment listed above. The presence of such a risk cross-reference for the Fund investment is not intended to indicate that such risk is a principal risk of the Fund, and instead is intended to provide more information regarding the risks associated with the particular investment. Please refer to the Fund Summary and Description of Principal Risks sections of the Prospectus for a description of the Funds principal risks.)
DESCRIPTIONS AND RISKS OF FUND INVESTMENTS
The following is a description of investment practices in which the Fund may engage and the risks associated with their use. As noted in the Prospectus, the Fund may invest in wholly-owned subsidiaries, other series of the Trust (each series of the Trust, including the Fund, a GMO Fund, and collectively, the GMO Funds), or other investment companies (such other GMO Funds and other investment companies, the Underlying Funds). The Fund is indirectly exposed to the investment practices of the subsidiaries and Underlying Funds in which it invests, and is therefore subject to all risks associated with the practices of the subsidiaries and Underlying Funds. UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED HEREIN, THE INVESTMENT PRACTICES AND ASSOCIATED RISKS DETAILED BELOW ALSO INCLUDE THOSE TO WHICH THE FUND INDIRECTLY MAY BE EXPOSED THROUGH ITS INVESTMENT IN SUBSIDIARIES AND THE UNDERLYING FUNDS. ANY REFERENCES TO INVESTMENTS MADE BY THE FUND INCLUDE THOSE THAT MAY BE MADE BOTH DIRECTLY BY THE FUND AND INDIRECTLY BY THE FUND (E.G., THROUGH ITS INVESTMENTS IN SUBSIDIARIES AND THE UNDERLYING FUNDS OR THROUGH ITS INVESTMENTS IN DERIVATIVES OR SYNTHETIC INSTRUMENTS).
The Fund may achieve exposure to a particular investment, industry, country, or geographic region by investing in a wholly-owned subsidiary or Underlying Funds. In particular, the Fund, through its investment in a wholly-owned foreign subsidiary, may have indirect exposure to a wide variety of investments, including, but not limited to, forward foreign-exchange contracts; futures contracts in the global equity, bond, and currency markets; investments in wholly-owned subsidiaries; futures and forward contracts on various commodities or commodity indices; commodity swaps on one or more broad-based commodities indices (e.g., the Dow Jones-UBS Commodity Index); and commodity swaps on individual commodities or baskets of
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commodities. See Commodity-Related Investments below for more discussion of the Funds use of commodity futures and swap contracts and other related types of derivatives.
Portfolio Turnover
Based on GMOs assessment of market conditions, GMO may trade the Funds investments more frequently at some times than at others, resulting in a higher portfolio turnover rate. Increased portfolio turnover involves correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and other transaction costs, which will be borne directly by the Fund and which may adversely affect the Funds performance. It also may give rise to additional taxable income for shareholders, including through the realization of capital gains or other types of income that are taxable to Fund shareholders when distributed by the Fund to them, unless those shareholders are themselves exempt from taxation or otherwise investing in the Fund through a tax-advantaged account. If portfolio turnover results in the recognition of short-term capital gains, those gains typically are taxed to shareholders at ordinary income tax rates when distributed to shareholders. The after-tax impact of portfolio turnover is not considered when making investment decisions for the Fund. See Distributions and Taxes in the Prospectus and Distributions and Taxes below for more information.
The historical portfolio turnover rate for the Fund is shown under the heading Financial Highlights in the Prospectus. Changes in portfolio turnover rates were generally the result of active trading strategies employed by the Funds portfolio manager(s) in response to market conditions, and not reflective of a material change in investment strategy.
Diversified and Non-Diversified Portfolios
As stated in the Prospectus, the Fund is a non-diversified fund under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act), and as such is not required to satisfy the requirements for diversified funds, which require that at least 75% of the value of a diversified funds total assets must be represented by cash and cash items (including receivables), government securities, securities of other investment companies, and other securities that for the purposes of this calculation are limited in respect of any one issuer to not greater than 5% of the value of the funds total assets and not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any single issuer. As a non-diversified fund, the Fund is permitted (but is not required) to invest a higher percentage of its assets in the securities of fewer issuers. That concentration could increase the risk of loss to the Fund resulting from a decline in the market value of particular portfolio securities. Investment in a non-diversified fund may entail greater risks than investment in a diversified fund.
The Fund must meet diversification standards to qualify as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code). See the Taxes section below for a description of these diversification standards.
Accelerated Transactions
For the Fund to take advantage of certain available investment opportunities, GMO may need to make investment decisions on an expedited basis. In such cases, the information available to GMO at the time of an investment decision may be limited. GMO may not, therefore, have access to the detailed information necessary for a full analysis and evaluation of the investment opportunity.
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Risks of Non-U.S. Investments
General. Investment in non-U.S. issuers or securities principally traded outside the United States may involve special risks due to non-U.S. economic, political, and legal developments, including favorable or unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates, exchange control regulations (including currency blockage), expropriation, nationalization or confiscatory taxation of assets, other government involvement in the economy or in the affairs of specific companies or industries (including in the case of wholly or partially state-owned enterprises) and possible difficulty in obtaining and enforcing judgments against non-U.S. entities. The Fund may be subject to non-U.S. taxes, including potentially on a retroactive basis, on (i) capital gains it realizes or dividends, interest or other amounts it realizes or accrues in respect of non-U.S. investments; (ii) transactions in those investments; and (iii) repatriation of proceeds generated from the sale or other disposition of those investments. Any taxes or other charges paid or incurred by the Fund in respect of its non-U.S. investments will reduce its return thereon. The Fund may seek a refund in respect of taxes paid to a foreign country. In those cases, all or a portion of those taxes could ultimately be recovered by the Fund. However, the recovery process could take several years and the Fund will incur expenses in its efforts to collect the refund, which will reduce the benefit of recovery, if any. The Funds efforts to collect a refund may not be successful, in which case the Fund will have incurred additional expenses for no economic benefit. The Funds decision to seek a refund is in its sole discretion, and it may decide not to seek a refund, even if eligible. The outcome of the Funds efforts to obtain a refund is not predictable, and some refunds may not be reflected in the Funds net asset value. See the Taxes section below for more information about other special tax considerations applicable to non-U.S. investments. In addition, see the Distribution and Taxes section in the Prospectus for information on possible Australian or Singapore tax consequences of an investment in the Fund.
In addition, the tax laws of some non-U.S. jurisdictions in which the Fund may invest are unclear and interpretations of such laws can change over time, including on a retroactive basis in which case the Fund could potentially incur non-U.S. taxes on a retroactive basis. Moreover, in order to comply with guidance related to the accounting and disclosure of uncertain tax positions under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), the Fund may be required to accrue for book purposes certain non-U.S. taxes in respect of its non-U.S. securities or other non-U.S. investments that it may or may not ultimately pay. Such tax accruals will reduce the Funds net asset value at the time accrued, even though, in some cases, the Fund ultimately will not pay the related tax liabilities. Conversely, the Funds net asset value will be increased by any tax accruals that are ultimately reversed.
Issuers of non-U.S. securities are subject to different, often less comprehensive, accounting, custody, reporting, and disclosure requirements than U.S. issuers. The securities of some foreign governments, companies, and securities markets are less liquid, and at times more volatile, than comparable U.S. securities and securities markets. Non-U.S. brokerage commissions and related fees also are generally higher than in the United States. To the extent the Fund invests in non-U.S. securities, it also may be affected by different custody and/or settlement practices or delayed settlements in some non-U.S. markets. The laws of some foreign countries may limit the Funds ability to invest in securities of certain issuers located in those countries. Foreign countries may have reporting requirements with respect to the ownership of securities, and those reporting requirements may be subject to interpretation or change without prior notice to investors. While the Fund makes reasonable efforts to stay informed of foreign reporting requirements relating to the Funds non-U.S. portfolio securities (e.g., through the Funds
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brokerage contacts, publications of the Investment Company Institute, which is the national association of U.S. investment companies, the Funds custodial network, and, to the extent deemed appropriate by the Fund under the circumstances, local counsel in the relevant foreign country), no assurance can be given that the Fund will satisfy applicable foreign reporting requirements at all times.
Emerging Countries. The risks described above apply to an even greater extent to investments in emerging countries. The securities markets of emerging countries are generally smaller, less developed, less liquid, and more volatile than the securities markets of the United States and other developed countries, and disclosure and regulatory standards in many respects are less stringent. In addition, the securities markets of emerging countries are typically subject to a lower level of monitoring and regulation. Government enforcement of existing securities regulations is limited, and any such enforcement may be arbitrary and the results may be difficult to predict. In addition, reporting requirements of emerging countries with respect to the ownership of securities are more likely to be subject to interpretation or changes without prior notice to investors than more developed countries.
Many emerging countries have experienced substantial, and in some periods extremely high, rates of inflation for many years. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had and may continue to have negative effects on such countries economies and securities markets.
Economies of emerging countries generally are heavily dependent on international trade and, accordingly, have been and may continue to be affected adversely by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values, and other protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which they trade. Economies of emerging countries also have been and may continue to be adversely affected by economic conditions in the countries with which they trade. The economies of emerging countries may be predominantly based on only a few industries or dependent on revenues from particular commodities. In many cases, governments of emerging countries continue to exercise significant control over their economies, and government actions relative to the economy, as well as economic developments generally, may affect the capacity of creditors in those countries to make payments on their debt obligations, regardless of their financial condition.
Custodial services are often more expensive and other investment-related costs higher in emerging countries than in developed countries, which could reduce the Funds income from investments in securities or debt instruments of emerging country issuers.
Emerging countries are more likely than developed countries to experience political uncertainty and instability, including the risk of war, terrorism, nationalization, limitations on the removal of funds or other assets, or diplomatic developments that affect U.S. investments in these countries. No assurance can be given that adverse political changes will not cause the Fund to suffer a loss of any or all of its investments (or, in the case of fixed income securities, interest) in emerging countries.
Special Risks of Investing in Asian Securities. In addition to the risks of non-U.S. investments and emerging countries investments described above, investments in Asia are subject to other risks. The economies of Asian countries are at varying levels of development. Markets of countries whose economies are in the early stages of development typically exhibit a high concentration of market capitalization and have less trading volume, lower liquidity, and more volatility than more developed markets. Some Asian countries depend heavily on foreign trade
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and can be adversely affected by trade barriers, exchange controls, and other measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which they trade. The economies of some Asian countries are not diversified and are based on only a few commodities or industries. Financial imbalances among various economic sectors, fueled by rising asset prices, strong credit growth, and relatively easy financing conditions in certain economies in Asia may also negatively impact those economies.
Investments in Asia also are susceptible to social, political, legal, and operational risks. Some countries have authoritarian or relatively unstable governments. Certain Asian countries have experienced violence, terrorism, armed conflict, and social instability, which has negatively impacted their economies. Some governments in the region provide less supervision and regulation of their financial markets and in some countries less financial information is available than is typical of more developed markets. Some governments in the region exercise considerable influence on their respective economies and, as a result, companies in the region may be subject to government interference and nationalization. Some Asian countries restrict direct foreign investment in securities markets, and investments in securities traded on those markets may be made, if at all, only indirectly (e.g., through Depositary Receipts, as defined below under Depositary Receipts, derivatives, etc.). Some countries in the region require foreign investors to be registered with local authorities prior to investing in the securities markets and impose limitations on the amount of investments that may be made by foreign investors and the repatriation of the proceeds from investments.
Asian countries periodically experience increases in market volatility and declines in foreign currency exchange rates. Currency fluctuations affect the value of securities because the prices of these securities are generally denominated or quoted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Fluctuations in currency exchange rates can also affect a countrys or companys ability to service its debt. The governments of certain Asian countries also maintain their currencies at artificial levels in relation to the U.S. dollar rather than at levels determined by the market, which may have an adverse impact on foreign investors.
Investment in particular Asian countries is subject to unique risks, yet the political and economic prospects of one country or group of countries can affect other countries in the region. For example, the economies of some Asian countries are directly affected by Japanese capital investment in the region and by Japanese consumer demands. In addition, a recession, debt crisis, or decline in currency valuation in one Asian country may spread to other Asian countries. The economies of Asian countries are also vulnerable to effects of natural disasters occurring within the region, including droughts, floods, tsunamis, and earthquakes. Disaster recovery in Asia can be poorly coordinated, and the economic impact of natural disasters is significant at both the country and company levels.
Special Risks of Investing in Russian Securities. The Fund may invest directly in the securities of Russian issuers. The Fund may have indirect exposure to Russian securities through its investment in one or more of the GMO Funds with direct investments in Russia. Investment in those securities presents many of the same risks as investing in the securities of emerging country issuers, as described in the preceding sections.
The social, political, legal, and operational risks of investing in Russian issuers, and of having assets held in custody within Russia, however, may be particularly pronounced relative to investments in more developed countries.
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Russias system of share registration and custody creates certain risks of loss (including the risk of total loss) that are not normally associated with investments in other securities markets. The recent formation of the Russian securities markets and the underdeveloped state of Russias banking system subjects settlement, clearing, and registration of securities transactions to significant risks. Prior to 2013, there was no central registration system for equity share registration in Russia and registration was carried out by either the issuers themselves or by registrars located throughout Russia. Such registrars were not necessarily subject to effective state supervision, nor were they licensed with any governmental entity, thereby increasing the risk that the Fund could lose ownership of its securities through fraud, negligence, or even mere oversight. With the implementation of the National Settlement Depository (NSD) in Russia as a recognized central securities depository, title to Russian equities is now based on the records of the NSD and not the registrars. Although the implementation of the NSD is generally expected to decrease the risk of loss in connection with recording and transferring title to securities, issues resulting in loss still may occur. In addition, issuers and registrars are still prominent in the validation and approval of documentation requirements for corporate action processing in Russia. Because the documentation requirements and approval criteria vary between registrars and/or issuers, there remain unclear and inconsistent market standards in the Russian market with respect to the completion and submission of corporate action elections. To the extent that the Fund suffers a loss relating to title or corporate actions relating to its portfolio securities, it may be difficult for the Fund to enforce its rights or otherwise remedy the loss.
In addition, as a result of political and military actions undertaken by Russia, the United States and the European Union have instituted sanctions against certain Russian officials and institutions. These sanctions and any additional sanctions or other intergovernmental actions that may be undertaken against Russia in the future may result in the devaluation of Russian currency, a downgrade in the countrys credit rating, and a decline in the value and liquidity of Russian securities. Such actions could result in a freeze of Russian securities, impairing the ability of the Fund to buy, sell, receive, or deliver those securities. Retaliatory action by the Russian government could involve the seizure of U.S. and/or European residents assets, and any such actions are likely to impair the value and liquidity of such assets. Any or all of these potential results could have an adverse/recessionary effect on Russias economy. All of these factors could have a negative effect on the performance of the Fund, to the extent it has significant exposure to Russia.
Securities Lending
The Fund may make secured loans of its portfolio securities amounting to not more than one-third of its total assets. For these purposes, total assets include the proceeds of such loans. The risks in lending portfolio securities, as with other extensions of credit, consist of possible delay in recovery of the securities or possible loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially, including possible impairment of the Funds ability to vote the securities. However, securities loans will be made to brokers that GMO believes to be of relatively high credit standing pursuant to agreements requiring that the loans be collateralized by cash, liquid securities, or shares of other investment companies with a value at least equal to the market value of the loaned securities (marked to market daily). If a loan is collateralized by U.S. government or other securities, the Fund receives a fee from the borrower. If a loan is collateralized by cash, the Fund typically invests the cash collateral for its own account in one or more money market funds (in which case the Fund will bear its pro rata share of such money market funds fees and expenses), or directly in interest-bearing, short-term securities, and typically pays a fee to the borrower that normally represents a portion of the Funds earnings on the collateral. As with other extensions of credit, the Fund bears the risk of delay in the recovery of loaned securities
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and of loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially. The Fund also bears the risk that the value of investments made with collateral may decline. The Fund bears the risk of total loss with respect to the investment of collateral.
Voting rights or rights to consent with respect to the loaned securities pass to the borrower. The Fund has the right to call loans at any time on reasonable notice and will do so if both (i) GMO receives adequate notice of a proposal upon which shareholders are being asked to vote, and (ii) GMO believes that the benefits to the Fund of voting on such proposal outweigh the benefits to the Fund of having the security remain out on loan. However, the Fund bears the risk of delay in the return of the security, impairing the Funds ability to vote on such matters. GMO may retain lending agents on behalf of the Fund that would be compensated based on a percentage of the Funds return on its securities lending. The Fund also may pay various fees in connection with securities loans, including shipping fees and custodian fees.
Depositary Receipts
The Fund may invest in American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs), and European Depositary Receipts (EDRs) or other similar securities representing ownership of non-U.S. securities (collectively, Depositary Receipts) if issues of such Depositary Receipts are available that are consistent with the Funds investment objective. Depositary Receipts generally evidence an ownership interest in a corresponding non-U.S. security on deposit with a financial institution. Transactions in Depositary Receipts usually do not settle in the same currency as the underlying non-U.S. securities are denominated or traded. Generally, ADRs are designed for use in the U.S. securities markets and EDRs are designed for use in European securities markets. GDRs may be traded in any public or private securities market and may represent securities held by institutions located anywhere in the world. GDRs and other types of Depositary Receipts are typically issued by foreign banks or trust companies, although they may be issued by U.S. financial institutions, and evidence ownership interests in a security or pool of securities issued by either a U.S. or foreign corporation.
Because the value of a Depositary Receipt is dependent upon the market price of an underlying non-U.S. security, Depositary Receipts are subject to most of the risks associated with investing in non-U.S. securities directly. Depositary Receipts may be issued as sponsored or unsponsored programs. See Risks of Non-U.S. Investments above. Depositary Receipts also may be subject to illiquidity risk.
Convertible Securities
A convertible security is a security (a bond or preferred stock) that may be converted at a stated price within a specified period into a specified number of shares of common stock of the same or a different issuer. Convertible securities are senior to common stock in a corporations capital structure, but are usually subordinated to senior debt obligations of the issuer. Convertible securities provide holders, through their conversion feature, an opportunity to participate in increases in the market prices of their underlying securities. The price of a convertible security is influenced by the market price of the underlying security, and tends to increase as the market price rises and decrease as the market price declines. GMO regards convertible securities as a form of equity security.
The value of a convertible security is a function of its investment value (determined by its yield in comparison with the yields of other securities of comparable maturity and quality that do
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not have a conversion privilege) and its conversion value (the securitys worth, at market value, if converted into the underlying common stock). The investment value of a convertible security is influenced by changes in interest rates, with investment value declining as interest rates increase and increasing as interest rates decline. The credit standing of the issuer and other factors also may have an effect on the convertible securitys investment value. The conversion value of a convertible security is determined by the market price of the underlying common stock. If the conversion value is low relative to the investment value, as in the case of broken or busted convertibles, the price of the convertible security is governed principally by its investment value. To the extent the market price of the underlying common stock approaches or exceeds the conversion price, the price of the convertible security will be increasingly influenced by its conversion value. A convertible security generally will sell at a premium over its conversion value by the extent to which investors place value on the right to acquire the underlying common stock while holding a fixed income security. Generally, the amount of the premium decreases as the convertible security approaches maturity.
A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a price established in the convertible securitys governing instrument. If a convertible security held by the Fund is called for redemption, the Fund will be required to permit the issuer to redeem the security, convert it into the underlying common stock or sell it to a third party.
Preferred Stocks
Preferred stocks include convertible and non-convertible preferred and preference stocks that are senior to common stock. Preferred stocks are equity securities that are senior to common stock with respect to the right to receive dividends and a fixed share of the proceeds resulting from the issuers liquidation. Some preferred stocks also entitle their holders to receive additional liquidation proceeds on the same basis as holders of the issuers common stock, and thus represent an ownership interest in the issuer. Depending on the features of the particular security, holders of preferred stock may bear the risks disclosed in the Prospectus or this SAI regarding equity or fixed income securities.
Investment in preferred stocks involves certain risks. Certain preferred stocks contain provisions that allow an issuer under certain conditions to skip or defer distributions. If the Fund owns a preferred stock that is deferring its distribution, it may be required to report income for tax purposes despite the fact that it is not receiving current income on this position. Preferred stocks often are subject to legal provisions that allow for redemption in the event of certain tax or legal changes or at the issuers call. In the event of redemption, the Fund may not be able to reinvest the proceeds at comparable rates of return. Preferred stocks are subordinated to bonds and other debt securities in an issuers capital structure in terms of priority for corporate income and liquidation payments, and therefore will be subject to greater credit risk than those debt securities. Preferred stocks may trade less frequently and in a more limited volume and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than many other securities, such as common stocks, corporate debt securities, and U.S. government securities.
Warrants and Rights
Warrants and rights generally give the holder the right to receive, upon exercise, a security of the issuer at a stated price. The Fund typically uses warrants and rights in a manner similar to its use of options on securities, as described in Options, Futures, and Forward Contracts below. Risks associated with the use of warrants and rights are generally similar to risks associated with the
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use of options. Unlike most options, however, warrants and rights are issued in specific amounts, and warrants generally have longer terms than options. Warrants and rights are not likely to be as liquid as exchange-traded options backed by a recognized clearing agency. In addition, the terms of warrants or rights may limit the Funds ability to exercise the warrants or rights at such time, or in such quantities, as the Fund would otherwise wish.
Non-Standard Warrants. From time to time, the Fund may use non-standard warrants, including low exercise price warrants or low exercise price options (LEPOs) and participatory notes (P-Notes), to gain exposure to issuers in certain countries. LEPOs are different from standard warrants in that they do not give their holders the right to receive a security of the issuer upon exercise. Rather, LEPOs pay the holder the difference in price of the underlying security between the date the LEPO was purchased and the date it is sold. P-Notes are a type of equity-linked derivative that generally are traded over-the-counter and constitute general unsecured contractual obligations of the banks or brokers that issue them. Generally, banks and brokers associated with non-U.S.-based brokerage firms buy securities listed on certain non-U.S. exchanges and then issue P-Notes that are designed to replicate the performance of certain issuers and markets. The performance results of P-Notes will not replicate exactly the performance of the issuers or markets that the notes seek to replicate due to transaction costs and other expenses. The return on a P-Note that is linked to a particular underlying security generally is increased to the extent of any dividends paid in connection with the underlying security. However, the holder of a P-Note typically does not receive voting or other rights as it would if it directly owned the underlying security, and P-Notes present similar risks to investing directly in the underlying security. Additionally, LEPOs and P-Notes entail the same risks as other over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives. These include the risk that the counterparty or issuer of the LEPO or P-Note may not be able to fulfill its obligations, that the holder and counterparty or issuer may disagree as to the meaning or application of contractual terms, or that the instrument may not perform as expected. See Description of Principal Risks Derivatives and Short Sales Risk and Counterparty Risk in the Prospectus and Uses of Derivatives below. Additionally, while LEPOs or P-Notes may be listed on an exchange, there is no guarantee that a liquid market will exist or that the counterparty or issuer of a LEPO or P-Note will be willing to repurchase such instrument when the Fund wishes to sell it.
Options, Futures, and Forward Contracts
The Fund may use options, futures, and forward contracts for various purposes, including for investment purposes and as a means to hedge other investments. See Uses of Derivatives below for more information regarding the various derivatives strategies the Fund may employ using options, futures, and forward contracts. The use of options contracts, futures contracts, forward contracts, and options on futures contracts involves risk. Thus, while the Fund may benefit from the use of options, futures, forward contracts, and options on futures, unanticipated changes in interest rates, securities prices, currency exchange rates, or other underlying assets or reference rates may adversely affect the Funds performance.
Options on Securities and Indices. The Fund may purchase and sell put and call options on equity, fixed income, or other securities or indices in standardized exchange-traded contracts. An option on a security or index is a contract that gives the holder of the option, in return for a premium, the right (but not the obligation) to buy from (in the case of a call) or sell to (in the case of a put) the writer of the option the security underlying the option (or the cash value of the index underlying the option) at a specified price. Upon exercise, the writer of an option on a security has the obligation to deliver the underlying security upon payment of the exercise price
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or to pay the exercise price upon delivery of the underlying security. Upon exercise, the writer of an option on an index is required to pay the difference between the cash value of the index and the exercise price multiplied by the specified multiplier for the index option.
Purchasing Options on Securities and Indices. Among other reasons, the Fund may purchase a put option to hedge against a decline in the value of a portfolio security. If such a decline occurs, the put option will permit the Fund to sell the security at the higher exercise price or to close out the option at a profit. By using put options in this manner, the Fund will reduce any profit it might otherwise have realized in the underlying security by the amount of the premium paid for the put option and by its transaction costs. In order for a put option purchased by the Fund to be profitable, the market price of the underlying security must decline sufficiently below the exercise price to cover the premium paid by the Fund and transaction costs.
Among other reasons, the Fund may purchase call options to hedge against an increase in the price of securities the Fund anticipates purchasing in the future. If such a price increase occurs, a call option will permit the Fund to purchase the securities at the exercise price or to close out the option at a profit. The premium paid for the call option, plus any transaction costs, will reduce the benefit, if any, that the Fund realizes upon exercise of the option and, unless the price of the underlying security rises sufficiently, the option may expire worthless to the Fund. Thus, for a call option purchased by the Fund to be profitable, the market price of the underlying security must rise sufficiently above the exercise price to cover the premium paid by the Fund to the writer and transaction costs.
In the case of both call and put options, the purchaser of an option risks losing the premium paid for the option plus related transaction costs if the option expires worthless.
Writing Options on Securities and Indices. Because the Fund receives a premium for writing a put or call option, the Fund may seek to increase its return by writing call or put options on securities or indices. The premium the Fund receives for writing an option will increase the Funds return in the event the option expires unexercised or is closed out at a profit. The size of the premium the Fund receives reflects, among other things, the relationship of the market price and volatility of the underlying security or index to the exercise price of the option, the remaining term of the option, supply and demand, and interest rates.
The Fund may write a call option on a security or other instrument held by the Fund (commonly known as writing a covered call option). In such case, the Fund limits its opportunity to profit from an increase in the market price of the underlying security above the exercise price of the option. Alternatively, the Fund may write a call option on securities in which it may invest but that are not currently held by the Fund (commonly known as writing a naked call option). During periods of declining securities prices or when prices are stable, writing these types of call options can be a profitable strategy to increase the Funds income with minimal capital risk. However, when securities prices increase, the Fund is exposed to an increased risk of loss, because if the price of the underlying security or instrument exceeds the options exercise price, the Fund will suffer a loss equal to the amount by which the market price exceeds the exercise price at the time the call option is exercised, minus the premium received. Calls written on securities that the Fund does not own are riskier than calls written on securities owned by the Fund because there is no underlying security held by the Fund that can act as a partial hedge. When such a call is exercised, the Fund must purchase the underlying security to meet its call obligation or make a payment equal to the value of its obligation in order to close out the option. Calls written on securities that the Fund does not own have speculative characteristics and the
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potential for loss is theoretically unlimited. There is also a risk, especially with less liquid preferred and debt securities, that the securities may not be available for purchase.
The Fund also may write a put option on a security. In so doing, the Fund assumes the risk that it may be required to purchase the underlying security for an exercise price higher than its then-current market price, resulting in a loss on exercise equal to the amount by which the market price of the security is below the exercise price minus the premium received.
OTC Options. The Fund also may invest in OTC options. OTC options differ from exchange-traded options in that they are two-party contracts, with price and other terms negotiated between the buyer and seller, and generally do not have as much market liquidity as exchange-traded options.
Closing Options Transactions. The holder of an option may terminate its position in a put or call option it has purchased by allowing it to expire or by exercising the option. If an option is American-style, it may be exercised on any day up to its expiration date. In contrast, a European-style option may be exercised only on its expiration date.
In addition, a holder of an option may terminate its obligation prior to the options expiration by effecting an offsetting closing transaction. In the case of exchange-traded options, the Fund, as a holder of an option, may effect an offsetting closing sale transaction by selling an option of the same series as the option previously purchased. The Fund realizes a loss from a closing sale transaction if the premium received from the sale of the option is less than the premium paid to purchase the option (plus transaction costs). Similarly, the Fund that has written an option may effect an offsetting closing purchase transaction by buying an option of the same series as the option previously written. The Fund realizes a loss from a closing purchase transaction if the cost of the closing purchase transaction (option premium plus transaction costs) is greater than the premium received from writing the option. If the Fund desires to sell a security on which it has written a call option, it will effect a closing purchase prior to or concurrently with the sale of the security. There can be no assurance, however, that a closing purchase or sale can be effected when the Fund desires to do so.
Risk Factors in Options Transactions. The market price of an option is affected by many factors, including changes in the market prices or dividend rates of underlying securities (or in the case of indices, the securities in such indices); the time remaining before expiration; changes in interest rates or exchange rates; and changes in the actual or perceived volatility of the relevant stock market and underlying securities. The market price of an option also may be adversely affected if the market for the option becomes less liquid. In addition, since an American-style option allows the holder to exercise its rights any time before the options expiration, the writer of an American-style option has no control over when it will be required to fulfill its obligations as a writer of the option. (The writer of a European-style option is not subject to this risk because the holder may only exercise the option on its expiration date.)
The Funds ability to use options as part of its investment program depends on the liquidity of the options market. In addition, that market may not exist when the Fund seeks to close out an option position. If the Fund were unable to close out an option that it had purchased on a security, it would have to exercise the option in order to realize any profit or the option may expire worthless. As the writer of a call option on a portfolio security, during the options life, the Fund foregoes the opportunity to profit from increases in the market value of the security underlying the call option above the sum of the premium and the strike price of the call, but
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retains the risk of loss (net of premiums received) should the price of the underlying security decline. Similarly, as the writer of a call option on a securities index, the Fund foregoes the opportunity to profit from increases in the index over the strike price of the option, though it retains the risk of loss (net of premiums received) should the price of the Funds portfolio securities decline. If the Fund writes a call option and does not hold the underlying security or instrument, the amount of the Funds potential loss is theoretically unlimited.
An exchange-traded option may be closed out by means of an offsetting transaction only on a national securities exchange (Exchange), which provides a secondary market for an option of the same series. If a liquid secondary market for an exchange-traded option does not exist, the Fund might not be able to effect an offsetting closing transaction for a particular option. Reasons for the absence of a liquid secondary market on an Exchange include the following: (i) insufficient trading interest in some options; (ii) restrictions by an Exchange on opening or closing transactions, or both; (iii) trading halts, suspensions, or other restrictions on particular classes or series of options or underlying securities; (iv) unusual or unforeseen interruptions in normal operations on an Exchange; (v) inability to handle current trading volume; or (vi) discontinuance of options trading (or trading in a particular class or series of options) (although outstanding options on an Exchange that were issued by the Options Clearing Corporation should continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms). In addition, the hours of trading for options on an Exchange may not conform to the hours during which the securities held by the Fund are traded. To the extent that the options markets close before the markets for the underlying securities, significant price and rate movements can take place in the markets for underlying securities that are not immediately reflected in the options markets.
The Exchanges generally have established limits on the maximum number of options an investor or group of investors acting in concert may write. The Fund, GMO, and other funds advised by GMO may constitute such a group. These limits could restrict the Funds ability to purchase or write options on a particular security.
An OTC option may be closed only with the consent of the counterparty, although either party may engage in an offsetting transaction that puts that party in the same economic position as if it had closed out the option with the counterparty; however, the exposure to counterparty risk may differ. No guarantee exists that the Fund will be able to effect a closing purchase or a closing sale with respect to a specific option at any particular time. See Swap Contracts and Other Two-Party Contracts Risk Factors in Swap Contracts, OTC Options, and Other Two-Party Contracts below for a discussion of counterparty risk and other risks associated with investing in OTC options.
Currency Options and Quantity-Adjusting (Quanto) Options. The Fund may purchase and sell options on currencies. Options on currencies possess many of the same characteristics as options on securities and generally operate in a similar manner. The Fund may invest in securities denominated in foreign currencies and may purchase or sell options on currencies. In addition, the Fund may purchase and sell quanto options, which are cash-settled options in which the underlying asset (often an index) is denominated in a currency other than the currency in which the option is settled. See Foreign Currency Transactions below for more information on the Funds use of currency options.
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Futures. To the extent consistent with applicable law and its investment restrictions, the Fund may invest in futures contracts on, among other things, financial instruments (such as a U.S. government security or other fixed income security), individual equity securities (single stock futures), securities indices, interest rates, currencies, inflation indices, and (to the extent the Fund is permitted to invest in commodities and commodity-related derivatives (as defined in Commodity-Related Investments below)) commodities or commodities indices. Futures contracts on securities indices are referred to herein as Index Futures. The purchase of futures contracts can serve as a long hedge, and the sale of futures contracts can serve as a limited short hedge. The purchase and sale of futures contracts also may be used for speculative purposes.
Certain futures contracts are physically settled (i.e., involve the making and taking of delivery of a specified amount of an underlying security or other asset). For instance, the sale of futures contracts on foreign currencies or financial instruments creates an obligation of the seller to deliver a specified quantity of an underlying foreign currency or financial instrument called for in the contract for a stated price at a specified time. Conversely, the purchase of such futures contracts creates an obligation of the purchaser to pay for and take delivery of the underlying foreign currency or financial instrument called for in the contract for a stated price at a specified time. In some cases, the specific instruments delivered or taken, respectively, on the settlement date are not determined until on or near that date. That determination is made in accordance with the rules of the exchange on which the sale or purchase was made.
Some futures contracts are cash settled (rather than physically settled), which means that the purchase price is subtracted from the current market value of the instrument and the net amount, if positive, is paid to the purchaser by the seller of the futures contract and, if negative, is paid by the purchaser to the seller of the futures contract. In particular, Index Futures are agreements pursuant to which two parties agree to take or make delivery of an amount of cash equal to the difference between the value of a securities index at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at which the index contract was originally written. Although the value of a securities index might be a function of the value of certain specified securities, no physical delivery of these securities is made.
The purchase or sale of a futures contract differs from the purchase or sale of a security or option in that no price or premium is paid or received. Instead, an amount of cash, U.S. government securities, or other liquid assets equal in value to a percentage of the face amount of the futures contract must be deposited with the broker. This amount is known as initial margin. The amount of the initial margin is generally set by the market on which the contract is traded (margin requirements on non-U.S. exchanges may be different than those on U.S. exchanges). Subsequent payments to and from the broker, known as variation margin, are made on a daily basis as the price of the underlying futures contract fluctuates, making the long and short positions in the futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as marking to the market. Prior to the settlement date of the futures contract, the position may be closed by taking an opposite position. A final determination of variation margin is then made, additional cash is required to be paid to or released by the broker, and the purchaser realizes a loss or gain. In addition, a commission is paid to the broker on each completed purchase and sale.
Although some futures contracts call for making or taking delivery of the underlying securities, currencies, commodities, or other underlying instrument, in most cases futures contracts are closed before the settlement date without the making or taking of delivery by offsetting purchases or sales of matching futures contracts (i.e., with the same exchange, underlying financial instrument, currency, commodity, or index, and delivery month). If the price of the
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initial sale exceeds the price of the offsetting purchase, the seller is paid the difference and realizes a gain. Conversely, if the price of the offsetting purchase exceeds the price of the initial sale, the seller realizes a loss. Similarly, a purchase of a futures contract is closed out by selling a corresponding futures contract. If the offsetting sale price exceeds the original purchase price, the purchaser realizes a gain, and, if the original purchase price exceeds the offsetting sale price, the purchaser realizes a loss. Any transaction costs must also be included in these calculations.
In the United States, futures contracts are traded only on commodity exchanges or boards of trade known as contract markets approved by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), and must be executed through a futures commission merchant or brokerage firm that is a member of the relevant market. The Fund also may purchase futures contracts on non-U.S. exchanges or similar entities, which are not regulated by the CFTC and may not be subject to the same degree of regulation as the U.S. contract markets. See Additional Risks of Options on Securities, Futures Contracts, and Options on Futures Contracts Traded on Non-U.S. Exchanges below.
Index Futures. To the extent consistent with applicable law and investment restrictions, the Fund may purchase or sell Index Futures. The Fund may close open positions on a contract market on which Index Futures are traded at any time up to and including the expiration day. In general, all positions that remain open at the close of business on that day must be settled on the next business day (based on the value of the relevant index on the expiration day). Additional or different margin requirements as well as settlement procedures may apply to non-U.S. stock Index Futures.
Interest Rate Futures. The Fund may engage in transactions involving the use of futures on interest rates. These transactions may be in connection with investments in U.S. government securities and other fixed income securities.
Inflation-Linked Futures. The Fund may engage in transactions involving inflation-linked futures, including Consumer Price Index (CPI) futures, which are exchange-traded futures contracts that represent the inflation on a notional value of $1,000,000 for a period of three months, as implied by the CPI. Inflation-linked futures may be used by the Fund to hedge the inflation risk in nominal bonds (i.e., non-inflation-indexed bonds) thereby creating synthetic inflation-indexed bonds. The Fund also may combine inflation-linked futures with U.S. Treasury futures contracts to create synthetic inflation-indexed bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury. See Indexed Investments Inflation-Indexed Bonds below for a discussion of inflation-indexed bonds.
Currency Futures. The Fund may invest in securities denominated in foreign currencies and may buy and sell futures contracts on currencies. See Foreign Currency Transactions below for a description of the Funds use of currency futures.
Options on Futures Contracts. Options on futures contracts give the purchaser the right in return for the premium paid to assume a long position (in the case of a call option) or a short position (in the case of a put option) in a futures contract at the option exercise price at any time during the period of the option (in the case of an American-style option) or on the expiration date (in the case of European-style option). Upon exercise of a call option, the holder acquires a long position in the futures contract and the writer is assigned the opposite short position. In the case of a put option, the holder acquires a short position and the writer is assigned the opposite long position in the futures contract. Accordingly, in the event that an option is exercised, the parties
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will be subject to all the risks associated with the trading of futures contracts, such as payment of initial and variation margin deposits.
The Fund may use options on futures contracts in lieu of writing or buying options directly on the underlying securities or purchasing and selling the underlying futures contracts. For example, to hedge against a possible decrease in the value of its portfolio securities, the Fund may purchase put options or write call options on futures contracts rather than selling futures contracts. Similarly, the Fund may hedge against a possible increase in the price of securities the Fund expects to purchase by purchasing call options or writing put options on futures contracts rather than purchasing futures contracts. In addition, the Fund may purchase and sell interest rate options on U.S. Treasury or Eurodollar futures to take a long or short position on interest rate fluctuations. Options on futures contracts generally operate in the same manner as options purchased or written directly on the underlying investments. See Foreign Currency Transactions below for a description of the Funds use of options on currency futures.
The Fund is also required to deposit and maintain margin with respect to put and call options on futures contracts written by it. Such margin deposits may vary depending on the nature of the underlying futures contract (and the related initial margin requirements), the current market value of the option, and other futures positions held by the Fund.
A position in an option on a futures contract may be terminated by the purchaser or seller prior to expiration by effecting a closing purchase or sale transaction, subject to the availability of a liquid secondary market, which is the purchase or sale of an option of the same type (i.e., the same exercise price and expiration date) as the option previously purchased or sold. The difference between the premiums paid and received represents the Funds profit or loss on the transaction.
Commodity Futures and Options on Commodity Futures. The Fund may have direct or indirect exposure to futures contracts on various commodities or commodities indices (commodity futures) and options on commodity futures. A futures contract on a commodity is an agreement between two parties in which one party agrees to purchase a commodity, such as an energy, agricultural, or metal commodity, from the other party at a later date at a price and quantity agreed upon when the contract is made. Futures contracts on commodities indices operate in a manner similar to Index Futures. While commodity futures on individual commodities are physically settled, GMO intends to close out those futures contracts before the settlement date without the making or taking of delivery. See also Commodity-Related Investments below.
Forward Contracts. A forward contract is a contract to buy or sell an underlying security or currency at a pre-determined price on a specific future date. The initial terms of the contract are set so that the contract has no value at the outset. Forward prices are obtained by taking the spot price of a security or currency and adding to it the cost of carry. No money is transferred upon entering into a forward contract and the trade is delayed until the specified date when the underlying security or currency is exchanged for cash. Subsequently, as the price of the underlying security or currency moves, the value of the contract also changes, generally in the same direction.
Forward contracts involve a number of the same characteristics and risks as futures contracts but there also are several differences. Forward contracts are not market traded, and are not necessarily marked to market on a daily basis. They settle only at the pre-determined settlement date. This can result in deviations between forward prices and futures prices, especially in
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circumstances where interest rates and futures prices are positively correlated. Second, in the absence of exchange trading and involvement of clearing houses, there are no standardized terms for forward contracts. Accordingly, the parties are free to establish such settlement times and underlying amounts of a security or currency as desirable, which may vary from the standardized provisions available through any futures contract. Finally, forward contracts, as two party obligations for which there is no secondary market, involve counterparty credit risk not present with futures.
Forward currency contracts are contracts between two parties to purchase and sell a specific quantity of a particular currency at a specified price, with delivery and settlement to take place on a specified future date. Currency transactions involve significant risk. Currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time. They generally are determined by the forces of supply and demand in the foreign exchange markets, the relative merits of investments in different countries, actual or perceived changes in interest rates and other complex factors. Currency exchange rates also can be affected unpredictably as a result of intervention (or the failure to intervene) by U.S. governments or foreign governments or central banks, or by currency controls or political developments in the United States or abroad, including repatriation limitations. The Funds exposure to foreign dollar currencies means that a change in the value of any such currency against the U.S. dollar will result in a change in the U.S. dollar value of the Funds assets.
Risk Factors in Futures and Futures Options Transactions. Investment in futures contracts involves risk. A purchase or sale of futures contracts may result in losses in excess of the amount invested in the futures contract. If a futures contract is used for hedging, an imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the futures contract and the price of the security, currency, or other investment being hedged creates risk. Correlation is higher when the investment being hedged underlies the futures contract. Correlation is lower when the investment being hedged is different than the security, currency, or other investment underlying the futures contract, such as when a futures contract on an index of securities or commodities is used to hedge a single security or commodity, a futures contract on one security (e.g., U.S. Treasury bonds) or commodity (e.g., gold) is used to hedge a different security (e.g., a mortgage-backed security) or commodity (e.g., copper), or when a futures contract in one currency is used to hedge a security denominated in another currency. In the case of Index Futures and futures on commodity indices, changes in the price of those futures contracts may not correlate perfectly with price movements in the relevant index due to market distortions. In the event of an imperfect correlation between a futures position and the portfolio position (or anticipated position) intended to be hedged, the Fund may realize a loss on the futures contract at the same time the Fund is realizing a loss on the portfolio position intended to be hedged. To compensate for imperfect correlations, the Fund may purchase or sell futures contracts in a greater amount than the hedged investments if the volatility of the price of the hedged investments is historically greater than the volatility of the futures contracts. Conversely, the Fund may purchase or sell fewer futures contracts if the volatility of the price of the hedged investments is historically less than that of the futures contract. The successful use of transactions in futures and related options for hedging also depends on the direction and extent of exchange rate, interest rate and asset price movements within a given time frame. For example, to the extent equity prices remain stable during the period in which a futures contract or option is held by the Fund investing in equity securities (or such prices move in a direction opposite to that anticipated), the Fund may realize a loss on the futures transaction, which is not fully or partially offset by an increase in the value of its portfolio securities. As a result, the Funds total return for such period may be less than if it had not engaged in the hedging transaction.
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All participants in the futures market are subject to margin deposit and maintenance requirements. Instead of meeting margin calls, investors may close futures contracts through offsetting transactions, which could distort normal correlations. The margin deposit requirements in the futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities market, allowing for more speculators who may cause temporary price distortions. Furthermore, the low margin deposits normally required in futures trading permit a high degree of leverage. Accordingly, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract can result in immediate and substantial losses. Trading hours for non-U.S. stock Index Futures may not correspond perfectly to the trading hours of the non-U.S. exchange to which a particular non-U.S. stock Index Future relates. As a result, the lack of continuous arbitrage may cause a disparity between the price of non-U.S. stock Index Futures and the value of the relevant index.
The Fund may purchase futures contracts (or options on them) as an anticipatory hedge against a possible increase in the price of a currency in which securities the Fund anticipates purchasing is denominated. In such instances, the currency may instead decline. If the Fund does not then invest in those securities, the Fund may realize a loss on the futures contract that is not offset by a reduction in the price of the securities purchased.
The Funds ability to engage in the futures and options on futures strategies described above depends on the liquidity of those instruments. Trading interest in various types of futures and options on futures cannot be predicted. Therefore, no assurance can be given that the Fund will be able to utilize these instruments at all or that their use will be effective. In addition, a liquid market may not exist at a time when the Fund seeks to close out a futures or option on a futures contract position, and the Fund would remain obligated to meet margin requirements until the position is closed. The liquidity of a secondary market in a futures contract may be adversely affected by daily price fluctuation limits established by commodity exchanges to limit the amount of fluctuation in a futures contract price during a single trading day. Once the daily limit has been reached, no trades of the contract may be entered at a price beyond the limit, thus preventing the liquidation of open futures positions. In the past, prices have exceeded the daily limit on several consecutive trading days. Short (and long) positions in Index Futures or futures on commodities indices may be closed only by purchasing (or selling) a futures contract on the exchange on which the Index Futures or commodity futures, as applicable, are traded.
As discussed above, if the Fund purchases or sells a futures contract, it is only required to deposit initial and variation margin as required by relevant CFTC regulations and the rules of the contract market. The Funds net asset value will generally fluctuate with the value of the security or other instrument underlying a futures contract as if it were already in the Funds portfolio. Futures transactions can have the effect of investment leverage. Furthermore, if the Fund combines short and long positions, in addition to possible declines in the values of its investment securities, the Fund will incur losses if the index underlying the long futures position underperforms the index underlying the short futures position.
In addition, if a futures broker of the Fund becomes bankrupt or insolvent, or otherwise defaults on its obligations to the Fund, the Fund may not receive all amounts owing to it in respect of its trading, despite the futures clearing house fully discharging all of its obligations. In the event of the bankruptcy of a futures broker, the Fund could be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds segregated on behalf of the futures brokers combined customer accounts. Also, in contrast to the treatment of margin provided for cleared derivatives, the futures broker does not typically notify the futures clearing house of the amount of margin provided by the
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futures broker to the futures clearing house that is attributable to each customer. Therefore, the Fund is subject to the risk that its margin will be used by the futures clearing house to satisfy the obligations of another customer of its futures broker. In addition, in the event of the bankruptcy or insolvency of a clearing house, the Fund might experience a loss of funds deposited through its futures broker as margin with the clearing house, a loss of unrealized profits on its open positions, and the loss of funds owed to it as realized profits on closed positions. Such a bankruptcy or insolvency might also cause a substantial delay before the Fund could obtain the return of funds owed to it by a futures broker who was a member of such clearing house. Furthermore, if a futures broker does not comply with the applicable regulations or its agreement with the Fund, or in the event of fraud or misappropriation of customer assets by a futures broker, the Fund could have only an unsecured creditor claim in an insolvency of the futures broker with respect to the margin held by the futures broker.
Additional Risk Associated with Commodity Futures Transactions. Several additional risks are associated with transactions in commodity futures contracts.
Physical Delivery Risk. The Fund may trade in physical commodities and/or invest in certain futures contracts on commodities that are not required to be cash settled. In such cases, the Fund may take physical delivery of commodities. Such commodities may be subject to the risk of theft, spoilage, destruction and similar risks. In addition, storage, insurance, and other costs associated with holding commodities will affect the value of such contracts. In the event that the Fund holds physical commodities and one or more of the foregoing risks materialize, and in light of the costs associated with holding commodities, the Fund may suffer losses.
Reinvestment Risk. In the commodity futures markets, producers of an underlying commodity may sell futures contracts to lock in the price of the commodity at delivery. To induce speculators to purchase the other side (the long side) of the contract, the commodity producer generally must sell the contract at a lower price than the expected futures spot price. Conversely, if most purchasers of the underlying commodity purchase futures contracts to hedge against a rise in commodity prices, then speculators will only sell the contract at a higher price than the expected future spot price of the commodity. The changing nature of the hedgers and speculators in the commodity markets will influence whether futures prices are above or below the expected futures spot price. As a result, when GMO reinvests the proceeds from a maturing contract, it may purchase a new futures contract at a higher or lower price than the expected futures spot prices of the maturing contract or choose to pursue other investments.
Additional Economic Factors. The value of the commodities underlying commodity futures contracts may be subject to additional economic and non-economic factors, such as drought, floods or other weather conditions, livestock disease, trade embargoes, competition from substitute products, transportation bottlenecks or shortages, fluctuations in supply and demand, tariffs, and international economic, political, and regulatory developments.
See also Commodity-Related Investments below for more discussion of the special risks of investing in commodity futures, options on commodity futures, and related types of derivatives, including certain tax-related risks.
Additional Risks of Options on Securities, Futures Contracts, and Options on Futures Contracts Traded on Non-U.S. Exchanges. Options on securities, futures contracts, options on futures contracts, and options on currencies may be traded on non-U.S. exchanges. Such transactions may not be regulated as effectively as similar transactions in the United States
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(which are regulated by the CFTC) and may be subject to greater risks than trading on U.S. exchanges. For example, some non-U.S. exchanges may be principal markets so that no common clearing facility exists and a trader may look only to the broker for performance of the contract. The lack of a common clearing facility creates counterparty risk. If a counterparty defaults, the Fund will have contractual remedies against that counterparty, but may be unsuccessful in enforcing those remedies. When seeking to enforce a contractual remedy, the Fund also is subject to the risk that the parties may interpret contractual terms (e.g., the definition of default) differently. Counterparty risk is greater for derivatives with longer maturities where events may intervene to prevent settlement. Counterparty risk is also greater when the Fund has entered into derivatives contracts with a single or small group of counterparties as it sometimes does as a result of its use of swaps and other OTC derivatives. If a dispute occurs, the cost and unpredictability of the legal proceedings required for the Fund to enforce its contractual rights may lead the Fund to decide not to pursue its claims against the counterparty. The Fund thus assumes the risk that it may be unable to obtain payments owed under foreign futures contracts or that those payments may be delayed or made only after the Fund has incurred the costs of litigation. To the extent that GMOs view with respect to a particular counterparty changes adversely (whether due to external events or otherwise), the Funds existing transactions with that counterparty will not necessarily be required to be terminated or modified. In addition, the Fund may enter into new transactions with a counterparty that GMO no longer considers a desirable counterparty if the transaction is primarily designed to reduce the Funds overall risk of potential exposure to that counterparty (for example, re-establishing the transaction with a lower notional amount). In addition, unless the Fund hedges against fluctuations in the exchange rate between the currencies in which trading is done on non-U.S. exchanges and other currencies, any profits that the Fund might realize in trading could be offset (or worse) by adverse changes in the exchange rate. The value of non-U.S. options and futures also may be adversely affected by other factors unique to non-U.S. investing. See Risks of Non-U.S. Investments above.
Swap Contracts and Other Two-Party Contracts
The Fund may use swap contracts (or swaps) and other two-party contracts for the same or similar purposes as options, futures, and forward contracts. See Uses of Derivatives below for more information regarding the various derivatives strategies the Fund may employ using swap contracts and other two-party contracts.
Swap Contracts. The Fund may directly or indirectly use various different swaps, such as swaps on securities and securities indices, total return swaps, interest rate swaps, basis swaps, currency swaps, credit default swaps, variance swaps, commodity swaps, inflation swaps, municipal swaps, dividend swaps, volatility swaps, correlation swaps, and other types of available swap agreements, depending on the Funds investment objective and policies. Swap contracts are two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors for periods ranging from a few weeks to a number of years. Under a typical swap, one party may agree to pay a fixed rate or a floating rate determined by reference to a specified instrument, rate, or index, multiplied in each case by a specified amount (notional amount), while the other party agrees to pay an amount equal to a different floating rate multiplied by the same notional amount. On each payment date, the parties obligations are netted, with only the net amount paid by one party to the other.
Swap contracts are typically individually negotiated and structured to provide exposure to a variety of different types of investments or market factors. Swap contracts may be entered into for hedging or non-hedging purposes and therefore may increase or decrease the Funds exposure to the underlying instrument, rate, asset or index. Swaps can take many different forms
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and are known by a variety of names. The Fund is not limited to any particular form or variety of swap agreement if GMO determines it is consistent with the Funds investment objective and policies.
The Fund may enter into swaps on securities, baskets of securities or securities indices. For example, the parties to a swap contract may agree to exchange returns calculated on a notional amount of a security, basket of securities, or securities index (e.g., S&P 500 Index). Additionally, the Fund may use total return swaps, which typically involve commitments to pay amounts computed in the same manner as interest in exchange for a market-linked return, both based on notional amounts. The Fund may use such swaps to gain investment exposure to the underlying security or securities where direct ownership is either not legally possible or is economically unattractive. To the extent the total return of the security, basket of securities, or index underlying the transaction exceeds or falls short of the offsetting interest rate obligation, the Fund will receive a payment from or make a payment to the counterparty, respectively.
In addition, the Fund may enter into interest rate swaps (including municipal swaps) in order to protect against declines in the value of fixed income securities held by the Fund. In such an instance, the Fund may agree with a counterparty to pay a fixed rate (multiplied by a notional amount) and the counterparty pay a floating rate multiplied by the same notional amount. If interest rates rise, resulting in a diminution in the value of the Funds portfolio, the Fund would receive payments under the swap that would offset, in whole or in part, such diminution in value. The Fund also may enter into swaps to modify its exposure to particular currencies using currency swaps. For instance, the Fund may enter into a currency swap between the U.S. dollar and the Japanese yen in order to increase or decrease its exposure to each such currency. The Fund may also enter into basis swaps in order to limit interest-rate risk as a result of the difference between borrowing and lending rates. Basis swaps are interest rate swaps that involve the exchange of two floating interest rate payments and may involve the exchange of two different currencies.
The Fund may use inflation swaps (including inflation swaps tied to the CPI), which involve commitments to pay a regular stream of inflation-indexed cash payments in exchange for receiving a stream of nominal interest payments (or vice versa), where both payment streams are based on a notional amount. The nominal interest payments may be based on either a fixed interest rate or variable interest rate, such as LIBOR. Inflation swaps may be used to hedge the inflation risk in nominal bonds (i.e., non-inflation-indexed bonds), thereby creating synthetic inflation-indexed bonds, or combined with U.S. Treasury futures contracts to create synthetic inflation-indexed bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury. See Indexed Investments Inflation-Indexed Bonds below.
In addition, the Fund may directly or indirectly use credit default swaps to take an active long or short position with respect to the likelihood of default by a corporate or sovereign issuer of fixed income securities (including asset-backed securities). In a credit default swap, one party pays, in effect, an insurance premium through a stream of payments to another party in exchange for the right to receive a specified return in the event of default (or similar events) by one or more third parties on their obligations. For example, in purchasing a credit default swap, the Fund may pay a premium in return for the right to put specified bonds or loans to the counterparty, such as a U.S. or non-U.S. issuer or basket of such issuers, upon issuer default (or similar events) at their par (or other agreed-upon) value. The Fund, as the purchaser in a credit default swap, bears the risk that the investment might expire worthless. It also would be subject to counterparty risk the risk that the counterparty may fail to satisfy its payment obligations to the Fund in the event
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of a default (or similar event) (see Risk Factors in Swap Contracts, OTC Options, and Other Two-Party Contracts below). In addition, as a purchaser in a credit default swap, the Funds investment would only generate income in the event of an actual default (or similar event) by the issuer of the underlying obligation. The Fund also may invest in credit default indices, which are indices that reflect the performance of a basket of credit default swaps.
The Fund also may use credit default swaps for investment purposes by selling a credit default swap, in which case the Fund will receive a premium from its counterparty in return for the Funds taking on the obligation to pay the par (or other agreed-upon) value to the counterparty upon issuer default (or similar events). As the seller in a credit default swap, the Fund effectively adds economic leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to its total net assets, the Fund is subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap. If no event of default (or similar event) occurs, the Fund would keep the premium received from the counterparty and generally would have no payment obligations, with the exception of an initial payment made on the credit default swap or any margin requirements with the credit default swap counterparty. For credit default swap agreements, trigger events for payment under the agreement vary by the type of underlying investment (e.g., corporate and sovereign debt, asset-backed securities, and credit default swap indices) and by jurisdiction (e.g., United States, Europe and Asia).
The Fund may use dividend swaps. Under a dividend swap, one party pays to the other party the dividends paid with respect to a notional amount of a security (or a basket or index of securities) during the term of the swap, in exchange for interest rate or other payments. To the extent the dividends paid on the security, basket of securities, or index underlying the transaction exceeds or falls short of the offsetting obligation, the Fund will receive a payment from or make a payment to the counterparty, respectively.
In addition, the Fund may use volatility swaps. Volatility swaps involve the exchange of forward contracts on the future realized volatility of a given underlying asset, and allow the Fund to take positions on the volatility of that underlying asset. The Fund also may use a particular type of volatility swap, known as a variance swap agreement, which involves an agreement by two parties to exchange cash flows based on the measured variance (volatility squared) of a specified underlying asset. One party agrees to exchange a fixed rate or strike price payment for the floating rate or realized price variance on the underlying asset with respect to the notional amount. At inception, the strike price chosen is generally fixed at a level such that the fair value of the swap is zero. As a result, no money changes hands at the initiation of the contract. At the expiration date, the amount paid by one party to the other is the difference between the realized price variance of the underlying asset and the strike price multiplied by the notional amount. A receiver of the realized price variance would receive a payment when the realized price variance of the underlying asset is greater than the strike price and would make a payment when that variance is less than the strike price. A payer of the realized price variance would make a payment when the realized price variance of the underlying asset is greater than the strike price and would receive a payment when that variance is less than the strike price. This type of agreement is essentially a forward contract on the future realized price variance of the underlying asset.
The Fund may use correlation swaps, which provide exposure to increases or decreases in the correlation between the prices of different assets or market rates. Correlation swaps involve receiving a stream of payments based on the actual average correlation between or among the price movements of two or more underlying variables over a period of time, in exchange for
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making a regular stream of payments based on a fixed strike correlation level (or vice versa), where both payment streams are based on a notional amount. The underlying variables may include, without limitation, commodity prices, exchange rates, interest rates and stock indices.
The Fund may have direct or indirect exposure to commodity swaps on one or more broad-based commodities indices (e.g., the Dow Jones-UBS Commodity Index) or to commodity swaps on individual commodities or baskets of commodities. See Commodity-Related Investments below for more discussion of the Funds use of commodity swap contracts and other related types of derivatives.
Contracts for Differences. Contracts for differences are swap arrangements in which the parties agree that their return (or loss) will be based on the relative performance of two different groups or baskets of securities. Often, one or both baskets will be an established securities index. The Funds return will be based on changes in value of theoretical long futures positions in the securities comprising one basket (with an aggregate face value equal to the notional amount of the contract for differences) and theoretical short futures positions in the securities comprising the other basket. The Fund also may use actual long and short futures positions and achieve similar market exposure by netting the payment obligations of the two contracts. The Fund will only enter into contracts for differences (and analogous futures positions) when GMO believes that the basket of securities constituting the long position will outperform the basket constituting the short position. If the short basket outperforms the long basket, the Fund will realize a loss even in circumstances when the securities in both the long and short baskets appreciate in value. In addition, the Fund may use contracts for differences that are based on the relative performance of two different groups or baskets of commodities. Often, one or both baskets is a commodities index. Contracts for differences on commodities operate in a similar manner to contracts for differences on securities described above.
Interest Rate Caps, Floors, and Collars. The Fund may use interest rate caps, floors, and collars for the same or similar purposes as it uses interest rate futures contracts and related options and, as a result, will be subject to similar risks. See Options, Futures, and Forward Contracts Risk Factors in Options Transactions and Risk Factors in Futures and Futures Options Transactions above. Like interest rate swap contracts, interest rate caps, floors, and collars are two-party agreements in which the parties agree to pay or receive interest on a notional principal amount and are generally individually negotiated with a specific counterparty. The purchaser of an interest rate cap receives interest payments from the seller to the extent that the return on a specified index exceeds a specified interest rate. The purchaser of an interest rate floor receives interest payments from the seller to the extent that the return on a specified index falls below a specified interest rate. The purchaser of an interest rate collar receives interest payments from the seller to the extent that the return on a specified index falls outside the range of two specified interest rates.
Swaptions. An option on a swap agreement, also called a swaption, is an OTC option that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to enter into a swap on a specified future date in exchange for paying a market-based premium. A receiver swaption gives the owner the right to receive the total return of a specified asset, reference rate, or index (such as a call option on a bond). A payer swaption gives the owner the right to pay the total return of a specified asset, reference rate, or index (such as a put option on a bond). Swaptions also include options that allow one of the counterparties to terminate or extend an existing swap.
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Risk Factors in Swap Contracts, OTC Options, and Other Two-Party Contracts. The Fund may only close out a swap, contract for differences, cap, floor, collar, or OTC option (including swaption) with its particular counterparty, and may only transfer a position with the consent of that counterparty. If a counterparty fails to meet or disputes its contractual obligations, goes bankrupt, or otherwise experiences a business interruption, the Fund could miss investment opportunities or otherwise hold investments it would prefer to sell, resulting in losses for the Fund. If the counterparty defaults, the Fund will have contractual remedies, but there can be no assurance that the counterparty will be able to meet its contractual obligations or that the Fund will be able to enforce its rights. For example, because the contract for each OTC derivatives transaction is individually negotiated with a specific counterparty, the Fund is subject to the risk that a counterparty may interpret contractual terms (e.g., the definition of default) differently than the Fund. The cost and unpredictability of the legal proceedings required for the Fund to enforce its contractual rights may lead it to decide not to pursue its claims against the counterparty. Counterparty risk is greater for derivatives with longer maturities where events may intervene to prevent settlement. Counterparty risk is also greater when the Fund has concentrated its derivatives with a single or small group of counterparties as it sometimes does as a result of its use of swaps and other OTC derivatives. To the extent the Fund has significant exposure to a single counterparty, this risk will be particularly pronounced for the Fund. The Fund, therefore, assumes the risk that it may be unable to obtain payments GMO believes are owed under an OTC derivatives contract or that those payments may be delayed or made only after the Fund has incurred the costs of litigation. In addition, counterparty risk is pronounced during unusually adverse market conditions and is particularly acute in environments (like those of 2008) in which financial services firms are exposed to systemic risks of the type evidenced by the insolvency of Lehman Brothers and subsequent market disruptions.
The credit rating of a counterparty may be adversely affected by greater-than-average volatility in the markets, even if the counterpartys net market exposure is small relative to its capital.
Counterparty risk with respect to derivatives has been and will continue to be affected by new rules and regulations relating to the derivatives market. Some derivatives transactions are required to be centrally cleared, and a party to a cleared derivatives transaction is subject to the credit risk of the clearing house and the clearing member through which it holds its cleared position. Credit risk of market participants with respect to derivatives that are centrally cleared is concentrated in a few clearing houses, and it is not clear how an insolvency proceeding of a clearing house would be conducted and what impact an insolvency of a clearing house would have on the financial system. A clearing member is obligated by contract and regulation to segregate all funds received from customers with respect to cleared derivatives positions from the clearing members proprietary assets. However, all funds and other property received by a clearing member from its customers with respect to cleared derivatives are generally held by the clearing member on a commingled basis in an omnibus account (which can be invested in instruments permitted under the regulations). Therefore, the Fund might not be fully protected in the event of the bankruptcy of the Funds clearing member because the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of the funds held by the clearing member on behalf of customers, with a claim against the clearing member for any deficiency. Also, the clearing member is required to transfer to the clearing house the amount of margin required by the clearing house for cleared derivatives, which amount is generally held in an omnibus account at the clearing house for all customers of the clearing member. Regulations promulgated by the CFTC require that the clearing member notify the clearing house of the initial margin provided by the clearing member to the clearing house that is attributable to each customer. However, if the clearing member does not accurately report the Funds initial margin, the Fund is subject to
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the risk that a clearing house will use the assets attributable to it in the clearing houses omnibus account to satisfy payment obligations a defaulting customer of the clearing member has to the clearing house. In addition, clearing members generally provide the clearing house the net amount of variation margin required for cleared swaps for all of its customers, rather than individually for each customer. The Fund is therefore subject to the risk that a clearing house will not make variation margin payments owed to the Fund if another customer of the clearing member has suffered a loss and is in default, and the risk that the Fund will be required to provide additional variation margin to the clearing house before the clearing house will move the Funds cleared derivatives positions to another clearing member. In addition, if a clearing member does not comply with the applicable regulations or its agreement with the Fund, or in the event of fraud or misappropriation of customer assets by a clearing member, the Fund could have only an unsecured creditor claim in an insolvency of the clearing member with respect to the margin held by the clearing member.
Additional Risk Factors in OTC Derivatives Transactions. OTC derivatives are also subject to documentation risk, which is the risk that ambiguities, inconsistencies, or errors in the documentation relating to a derivative transaction lead to a dispute with the counterparty or unintended investment results.
Additionally, participants in OTC derivatives markets typically are not subject to the same level of credit evaluation and regulatory oversight as are members of exchange-based markets and, therefore, OTC derivatives generally expose the Fund to greater counterparty risk than exchange-traded derivatives.
Among other trading agreements, the Fund is party to International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. Master Agreements (ISDA Agreements) or other similar types of agreements with select counterparties that generally govern OTC derivative transactions entered into by the Fund. The ISDA Agreements typically include representations and warranties as well as contractual terms related to collateral, events of default, termination events, and other provisions. Termination events may include the decline in the net assets of the Fund below a certain level over a specified period of time and entitle a counterparty to elect to terminate early with respect to some or all the transactions under the ISDA Agreement with that counterparty. Such an election by one or more of the counterparties could have a material adverse impact on the Funds operations.
Additional Risk Factors in Cleared Derivatives Transactions. Under recently adopted rules and regulations, transactions in some types of swaps (including interest rate swaps and credit default swaps on North American and European indices) are required to be centrally cleared. In a transaction involving those swaps (cleared derivatives), the Funds counterparty is a clearing house, rather than a bank or broker. Since the Fund is not a member of clearing houses and only members of a clearing house (clearing members) can participate directly in the clearing house, the Fund holds cleared derivatives through accounts at clearing members. In cleared derivatives positions, the Fund makes payments (including margin payments) to and receives payments from a clearing house through its accounts at clearing members. Clearing members guarantee performance of their clients obligations to the clearing house.
In some ways, cleared derivative arrangements are less favorable to mutual funds than bilateral arrangements, for example, by requiring that funds provide more margin for their cleared derivatives positions. Also, as a general matter, in contrast to a bilateral derivatives position, following a period of notice to the Fund, a clearing member at any time can require termination
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of an existing cleared derivatives position or an increase in margin requirements above those required at the outset of a transaction. Clearing houses also have broad rights to increase margin requirements for existing positions or to terminate those positions at any time. Any increase in margin requirements or termination of existing cleared derivatives positions by the clearing member or the clearing house could interfere with the ability of the Fund to pursue its investment strategy. Further, any increase in margin requirements by a clearing member could expose the Fund to greater credit risk to its clearing member because margin for cleared derivatives positions in excess of a clearing houses margin requirements typically is held by the clearing member. Also, the Fund is subject to risk if it enters into a derivatives transaction that is required to be cleared (or that GMO expects to be cleared), and no clearing member is willing or able to clear the transaction on the Funds behalf. While the documentation in place between the Fund and its clearing members generally provides that the clearing members will accept for clearing all cleared derivatives transactions that are within credit limits (specified in advance) for the Fund, the Fund is still subject to the risk that no clearing member will be willing or able to clear a transaction. In those cases, the position might have to be terminated, and the Fund could lose some or all of the benefit of the position, including loss of an increase in the value of the position and/or loss of hedging protection. In addition, the documentation governing the relationship between the Fund and clearing members is drafted by the clearing members and generally is less favorable to the Fund than typical bilateral derivatives documentation. For example, documentation relating to cleared derivatives generally includes a one-way indemnity by the Fund in favor of the clearing member for losses the clearing member incurs as the Funds clearing member and typically does not provide the Fund any remedies if the clearing member defaults or becomes insolvent. While futures contracts entail similar risks, the risks likely are more pronounced for cleared swaps due to their more limited liquidity and market history.
Some types of cleared derivatives are required to be executed on an exchange or on a swap execution facility. A swap execution facility is a trading platform where multiple market participants can execute derivatives by accepting bids and offers made by multiple other participants in the platform. While this execution requirement is designed to increase transparency and liquidity in the cleared derivatives market, trading on a swap execution facility can create additional costs and risks for the Fund. For example, swap execution facilities typically charge fees, and if the Fund executes derivatives on a swap execution facility through a broker intermediary, the intermediary may impose fees as well. Also, the Fund may indemnify a swap execution facility, or a broker intermediary who executes cleared derivatives on a swap execution facility on the Funds behalf, against any losses or costs that may be incurred as a result of the Funds transactions on the swap execution facility. If the Fund wishes to execute a package of transactions that include a swap that is required to be executed on a swap execution facility as well as other transactions (for example, a transaction that includes both a security and an interest rate swap that hedges interest rate exposure with respect to such security), the Fund may be unable to execute all components of the package on the swap execution facility. In that case, the Fund would need to trade some components of the package on the swap execution facility and other components in another manner, which could subject the Fund to the risk that some components would be executed successfully and others would not, or that the components would be executed at different times, leaving the Fund with an unhedged position for a period of time.
These and other new rules and regulations could, among other things, further restrict the Funds ability to engage in, or increase the cost to the Fund of, derivatives transactions, for example, by making some types of derivatives no longer available to the Fund, or otherwise limiting liquidity. The implementation of the clearing requirement has increased the costs of derivatives transactions for the Fund since the Fund has to pay fees to its clearing members and is typically
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required to post more margin for cleared derivatives than it has historically posted for bilateral derivatives. The costs of derivatives transactions are expected to increase further as clearing members raise their fees to cover the costs of additional capital requirements and other regulatory changes applicable to the clearing members, and when rules imposing mandatory minimum margin requirements on bilateral swaps become effective. These rules and regulations are new and evolving, so their potential impact on the Fund and the financial system are not yet known. While the new rules and regulations and central clearing of some derivatives transactions are designed to reduce systemic risk (i.e., the risk that the interdependence of large derivatives dealers could cause them to suffer liquidity, solvency or other challenges simultaneously), there is no assurance that they will achieve that result, and in the meantime, as noted above, central clearing and related requirements expose the Fund to new kinds of costs and risks.
Use of Futures and Related Options, Interest Rate Floors, Caps and Collars, Certain Types of Swap Contracts and Related Instruments Commodity Pool Operator Status. The Fund is a commodity pool under the Commodity Exchange Act (the CEA) and GMO is registered as a commodity pool operator under the CEA with respect to the Fund. As a result, additional CFTC-mandated disclosure, reporting and recordkeeping obligations apply to the Fund and compliance with the CFTCs regulatory requirements could increase Fund expenses, adversely affecting the Funds total return.
Foreign Currency Transactions
Currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time. They generally are determined by the forces of supply and demand in the currency exchange markets, trade balances, the relative merits of investments in different countries, actual or perceived changes in interest rates, differences in relative values of similar assets in different currencies, long-term opportunities for investment and capital appreciation, and other complex factors. Currency exchange rates also can be affected unpredictably as a result of intervention (or the failure to intervene) by the U.S. or foreign governments, central banks, or supranational agencies such as the International Monetary Fund, or by currency or exchange controls or political and economic developments in the United States or abroad. Currencies in which the Funds assets are denominated, or in which the Fund has taken a long position, may be devalued against other currencies, resulting in a loss to the Fund. Similarly, currencies in which the Fund has taken a short position may increase in value relative to other currencies, resulting in a loss to the Fund.
In addition, some currencies are illiquid (e.g., emerging country currencies), and the Fund may not be able to convert these currencies into U.S. dollars, in which case GMO may decide to purchase U.S. dollars in a parallel market with an unfavorable exchange rate. Exchange rates for many currencies (e.g., emerging country currencies) are particularly affected by exchange control regulations.
The Fund may invest in securities denominated in foreign currencies and may buy or sell foreign currencies or deal in forward foreign currency contracts, currency futures contracts and related options, and options on currencies. The Fund may use such currency instruments for hedging, investment, and/or currency risk management. Currency risk management may include taking overweighted or underweighted currency positions relative to both the securities portfolio of the Fund and the Funds performance benchmark or index. Those Funds also may purchase forward foreign currency contracts in conjunction with U.S. dollar-denominated securities in order to create a synthetic foreign currency-denominated security that approximates desired risk and
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return characteristics when the non-synthetic securities either are not available in non-U.S. markets or possess undesirable characteristics.
Forward foreign currency contracts are contracts between two parties to purchase and sell a specified quantity of a particular currency at a specified price, with delivery and settlement to take place on a specified future date. A forward foreign currency contract can reduce the Funds exposure to changes in the value of the currency it will deliver and can increase its exposure to changes in the value of the currency it will receive for the duration of the contract. The effect on the value of the Fund is similar to the effect of selling securities denominated in one currency and purchasing securities denominated in another currency. Contracts to sell a particular foreign currency would limit any potential gain that might be realized by the Fund if the value of the hedged currency increases. In addition, it is not always possible to hedge fully or perfectly against currency fluctuations affecting the value of the securities denominated in foreign currencies because the value of such securities also is likely to fluctuate because of independent factors not related to currency fluctuations. If a forward foreign currency contract is used for hedging, an imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the forward foreign currency contract and the price of the currency or other investment being hedged creates risk.
Forward foreign currency contracts involve a number of the same characteristics and risks as currency futures contracts (discussed below) but there also are several differences. Forward foreign currency contracts settle only at the pre-determined settlement date. This can result in deviations between forward foreign currency prices and currency futures prices, especially in circumstances where interest rates and currency futures prices are positively correlated. Second, in the absence of exchange trading and involvement of clearing houses, there are no standardized terms for forward currency contracts. Accordingly, the parties are free to establish such settlement times and underlying amounts of a currency as desirable, which may vary from the standardized provisions available through any currency futures contract.
The Fund also may purchase or sell currency futures contracts and related options. Currency futures contracts are contracts to buy or sell a standard quantity of a particular currency at a specified future date and price. However, currency futures can be and often are closed out prior to delivery and settlement. In addition, the Fund may use options on currency futures contracts, which give their holders the right, but not the obligation, to buy (in the case of a call option) or sell (in the case of a put option) a specified currency futures contract at a fixed price during a specified period. See Options, Futures, and Forward Contracts Futures above for more information on futures contracts and options on futures contracts.
The Fund also may purchase or sell options on currencies. Options on currencies possess many of the same characteristics as options on securities and generally operate in a similar manner. They may be traded on an exchange or in the OTC markets. Options on currencies traded on U.S. or other exchanges may be subject to position limits, which may limit the ability of the Fund to reduce foreign currency risk using options. See Options, Futures, and Forward Contracts Currency Options above for more information on currency options.
Repurchase Agreements
The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with banks and brokers. A repurchase agreement is a contract under which the Fund acquires a security (usually an obligation of the government in the jurisdiction where the transaction is initiated or in whose currency the agreement is denominated) for a relatively short period (usually less than a week) for cash and
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subject to the commitment of the seller to repurchase the security for an agreed-upon price on a specified date. The repurchase price exceeds the acquisition price and reflects an agreed-upon market rate unrelated to the coupon rate on the purchased security. Repurchase agreements afford the Fund the opportunity to earn a return on temporarily available cash without market risk, although the Fund bears the risk of a sellers failure to meet its obligation to pay the repurchase price when it is required to do so. Such a default may subject the Fund to expenses, delays, and risks of loss including: (i) possible declines in the value of the underlying security while the Fund seeks to enforce its rights thereto; (ii) possible reduced levels of income and lack of access to income during this period; and (iii) the inability to enforce its rights and the expenses involved in attempted enforcement. Entering into repurchase agreements entails certain risks, which include the risk that the counterparty to the repurchase agreement may not be able to fulfill its obligations, as discussed above, that the parties may disagree as to the meaning or application of contractual terms, or that the instrument may not perform as expected. See Description of Principal Risks Counterparty Risk in the Prospectus.
Debt and Other Fixed Income Securities Generally
Debt and other fixed income securities include fixed and floating rate securities of any maturity. Fixed rate securities pay a specified rate of interest or dividends. Floating rate securities pay a rate that is adjusted periodically by reference to a specified index or market rate. Fixed and floating rate securities include securities issued by federal, state, local, and foreign governments and related agencies, and by a wide range of private issuers, and generally are referred to in this SAI as fixed income securities. Indexed bonds are a type of fixed income security whose principal value and/or interest rate is adjusted periodically according to a specified instrument, index, or other statistic (e.g., another security, inflation index, currency, or commodity). See Adjustable Rate Securities and Indexed Investments below. In addition, the Fund may create synthetic bonds which approximate desired risk and return profiles. This may be done where a non-synthetic security having the desired risk/return profile either is unavailable (e.g., short-term securities of certain foreign governments) or possesses undesirable characteristics (e.g., interest payments on the security would be subject to non-U.S. withholding taxes). See, for example, Options, Futures, and Forward Contracts Inflation-Linked Futures above.
Holders of fixed income securities are exposed to both market and credit risk. Market risk (or interest rate risk) relates to changes in a securitys value as a result of changes in interest rates. In general, the values of fixed income securities increase when interest rates fall and decrease when interest rates rise. Credit risk relates to the ability of an issuer to make payments of principal and interest. Obligations of issuers are subject to bankruptcy, insolvency and other laws that affect the rights and remedies of creditors. Fixed income securities denominated in foreign currencies also are subject to the risk of a decline in the value of the denominating currency.
Because interest rates vary, the future income of the Fund, to the extent it invests in floating rate fixed income securities, cannot be predicted with certainty. To the extent the Fund invests in indexed securities, the future income of the Fund also will be affected by changes in those securities indices over time (e.g., changes in inflation rates, currency rates, or commodity prices).
The Fund may invest in a wide range of debt and fixed income instruments, including, but not limited to, Asset-Backed and Mortgage-Backed Securities, Brady Bonds, Euro Bonds, U.S.
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Government and Foreign Government Securities and Zero Coupon Securities, each of which is described below.
Cash and Other High Quality Investments
The Fund may temporarily invest a portion of its assets in cash or cash items pending other investments or to maintain liquid assets required in connection with some of the Funds investments. These cash items and other high quality debt securities may include money market instruments, such as securities issued by the U.S. government and its agencies, bankers acceptances, commercial paper, and bank certificates of deposit. If a custodian holds cash on behalf of the Fund, the Fund may be an unsecured creditor in the event of the insolvency of the custodian. In addition, the Fund will be subject to credit risk with respect to such a custodian, which may be heightened to the extent the Fund takes a temporary defensive position.
U.S. Government Securities and Foreign Government Securities
U.S. government securities include securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its authorities, agencies, or instrumentalities. Foreign government securities include securities issued or guaranteed by foreign governments (including political subdivisions) or their authorities, agencies, or instrumentalities or by supra-national agencies. Different kinds of U.S. and foreign government securities have different kinds of government support. For example, some U.S. government securities (e.g., U.S. Treasury bonds) are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States. Other U.S. government securities are issued or guaranteed by federal agencies or government-chartered or -sponsored enterprises but are neither guaranteed nor insured by the U.S. government (e.g., debt securities issued by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac), Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae), and Federal Home Loan Banks (FHLBs)). Similarly, some foreign government securities are supported by the full faith and credit of a foreign national government or political subdivision and some are not. Foreign government securities of some countries may involve varying degrees of credit risk as a result of financial or political instability in those countries or the possible inability of the Fund to enforce its rights against the foreign government. As with issuers of other fixed income securities, sovereign issuers may be unable or unwilling to satisfy their obligations to pay principal or interest payments.
Supra-national agencies are agencies whose member nations make capital contributions to support the agencies activities. Examples include the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (the World Bank), the Asian Development Bank, and the Inter-American Development Bank.
As with other fixed income securities, U.S. and foreign government securities expose their holders to market risk because their values typically change as interest rates fluctuate. For example, the value of U.S. or foreign government securities may fall during times of rising interest rates. Yields on U.S. and foreign government securities tend to be lower than those of corporate securities of comparable maturities. Generally, when interest rates on short-term U.S. Treasury obligations equal or approach zero, to the extent the Fund invests a substantial portion of its assets in U.S. Treasury obligations, it will have a negative return unless GMO waives or reduces its management fees.
In addition to investing directly in U.S. and foreign government securities, the Fund may purchase certificates of accrual or similar instruments evidencing undivided ownership interests
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in interest payments and/or principal payments of U.S. government securities and foreign government securities. The Fund also may invest in Separately Traded Registered Interest and Principal Securities (STRIPS), which are interests in separately traded interest and principal component parts of U.S. Treasury obligations that represent future interest payments, principal payments, or both, are direct obligations of the U.S. government, and are transferable through the federal reserve book-entry system. Certificates of accrual and similar instruments may be more volatile than other government securities.
Municipal Securities
Municipal obligations are issued by or on behalf of states, territories and possessions of the United States and their political subdivisions, agencies and instrumentalities and the District of Columbia to obtain funds for various public purposes. Municipal obligations are subject to more credit risk than U.S. government securities that are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States. The ability of municipalities to meet their obligations will depend on the availability of tax and other revenues, economic, political, and other conditions within the state and municipality, and the underlying fiscal condition of the state and municipality. As with other fixed income securities, municipal securities also expose their holders to market risk because their values typically change as interest rates fluctuate. The two principal classifications of municipal obligations are notes and bonds.
Municipal notes are generally used to provide for short-term capital needs, such as to finance working capital needs of municipalities or to provide various interim or construction financing, and generally have maturities of one year or less. They are generally payable from specific revenues expected to be received at a future date or are issued in anticipation of long-term financing to be obtained in the market to provide for the repayment of the note.
Municipal bonds, which meet longer-term capital needs and generally have maturities of more than one year when issued, have two principal classifications: general obligation bonds and revenue bonds. Issuers of general obligation bonds, the proceeds of which are used to fund a wide range of public projects including the construction or improvement of schools, highways and roads, water and sewer systems and a variety of other public purposes, include states, counties, cities, towns and regional districts. The basic security behind general obligation bonds is the issuers pledge of its full faith, credit, and taxing power for the payment of principal and interest.
Revenue bonds have been issued to fund a wide variety of capital projects including: electric, gas, water and sewer systems; highways, bridges and tunnels; port and airport facilities; colleges and universities; and hospitals. The principal security for a revenue bond is generally the net revenues derived from a particular facility or group of facilities or, in some cases, from the proceeds of a special excise or other specific revenue source. Although the principal security behind these bonds varies widely, many provide additional security in the form of a debt service reserve fund whose monies also may be used to make principal and interest payments on the issuers obligations. In addition to a debt service reserve fund, some authorities provide further security in the form of a states ability (without obligation) to make up deficiencies in the debt reserve fund.
Securities purchased for the Fund may include variable/floating rate instruments, variable mode instruments, put bonds, and other obligations that have a specified maturity date but also are payable before maturity after notice by the holder. There are, in addition, a variety of hybrid and
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special types of municipal obligations as well as numerous differences in the security of municipal obligations both within and between the two principal classifications (i.e., notes and bonds). The Fund also may invest in credit default swaps on municipal securities. See Swap Contracts and Other Two-Party Contracts Swap Contracts above.
See the Taxes section below for a discussion of the tax treatment of municipal obligations at the Fund and shareholder level.
Auction Rate Securities
Auction rate securities consist of auction rate municipal securities and auction rate preferred securities sold through an auction process issued by closed-end investment companies, municipalities and governmental agencies. Provided that the auction mechanism is successful, auction rate securities usually permit the holder to sell the securities in an auction at par value at specified intervals. The dividend is reset by Dutch auction in which bids are made by brokers and other institutions for a certain amount of securities at a specified minimum yield. The dividend rate set by the auction is the lowest interest or dividend rate that covers all securities offered for sale. While this process is designed to permit auction rate securities to be traded at par value, there is the risk that an auction will fail due to insufficient demand for the securities.
Real Estate Investment Trusts and Other Real Estate-Related Investments
The Fund may invest in pooled real estate investment vehicles (so-called real estate investment trusts or REITs) and other real estate-related investments such as securities of companies principally engaged in the real estate industry. In addition to REITs, companies in the real estate industry and real estate-related investments may include, for example, entities that either own properties or make construction or mortgage loans, real estate developers, and companies with substantial real estate holdings. Each of these types of investments is subject to risks similar to those associated with direct ownership of real estate. Factors affecting real estate values include the supply of real property in particular markets, overbuilding, changes in zoning laws, casualty or condemnation losses, delays in completion of construction, changes in operations costs and property taxes, levels of occupancy, adequacy of rent to cover operating expenses, possible environmental liabilities, regulatory limitations on rent, fluctuations in rental income, increased competition, and other risks related to local and regional market conditions. The value of real estate-related investments also may be affected by changes in interest rates, macroeconomic developments, and social and economic trends. For instance, during periods of declining interest rates, certain mortgage REITs may hold mortgages that the mortgagors elect to prepay, which prepayment may diminish the yield on securities issued by those REITs. Some REITs have relatively small market capitalizations, which can tend to increase the volatility of the market prices of their securities.
REITs are pooled investment vehicles that invest in real estate or real estate-related companies. The Fund may invest in different types of REITs, including equity REITs, mortgage REITs, and hybrid REITs. Equity REITs, which invest in and own real estate directly, generally invest a majority of their assets in income-producing properties to generate cash flow from rental income and gradual asset appreciation. The income-producing properties in which equity REITs invest typically include land, office, retail, industrial, hotel and apartment buildings, self storage, specialty and diversified and healthcare facilities. Equity REITs can realize capital gains (or losses) by selling properties that have appreciated (or depreciated) in value. Mortgage REITs, which make construction, development, or long-term mortgage loans, generally invest the
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majority of their assets in real estate mortgages or mortgage-backed securities and derive their income primarily from interest payments on the mortgages. Hybrid REITs share characteristics of equity REITs and mortgage REITs.
REITs can be listed and traded on national securities exchanges or can be traded privately between individual owners. An exchange-traded REIT is generally more liquid than a REIT that is not traded on a securities exchange. The Fund may invest in both exchange-traded and privately traded REITs.
In general, the value of a REITs shares changes in light of factors affecting the real estate industry. In addition, equity REITs may be affected by any changes in the value of the underlying property owned by the trusts, while mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of any credit extended. REITs are also subject to the risk of fluctuations in income from underlying real estate assets, poor performance by the REITs manager and the managers inability to manage cash flows generated by the REITs assets, prepayments and defaults by borrowers, self-liquidation, adverse changes in the tax laws, and, with regard to U.S. REITs (as defined in the Taxes section below), the risk of failing to qualify for tax-free pass-through of income under the Code and/or to maintain exempt status under the 1940 Act. If a REIT were not to be eligible for the favorable tax treatment afforded to REITs under the Code, , it would be subject to federal income tax, thus reducing its value. See the Taxes section below for a discussion of special tax considerations relating to the Funds investments in U.S. REITs.
By investing in REITs indirectly through the Fund, an investor will bear not only his or her proportionate share of the expenses of the Fund, but also, indirectly, similar expenses of REITs. In addition, REITs depend generally on their ability to generate cash flow to make distributions to investors. Investments in REITs are subject to risks associated with the direct ownership of real estate.
Asset-Backed and Related Securities
An asset-backed security is a fixed income security that predominantly derives its creditworthiness from cash flows relating to a pool of assets. There are a number of different types of asset-backed and related securities, including mortgage-backed securities, securities backed by other pools of collateral (such as automobile loans, student loans, sub-prime mortgages, and credit card receivables), collateralized mortgage obligations, and collateralized debt obligations, each of which is described in more detail below. Investments in asset-backed securities are subject to all of the market risks for fixed income securities described in the Prospectus under Description of Principal Risks Market Risk Fixed Income Investments and elsewhere in this SAI.
Mortgage-Backed Securities. Mortgage-backed securities are asset-backed securities backed by pools of residential and commercial mortgages, which may include sub-prime mortgages. Mortgage-backed securities may be issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government (including those whose securities are neither guaranteed nor insured by the U.S. government, such as Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae, and FHLBs), foreign governments (or their agencies or instrumentalities), or non-governmental issuers. Interest and principal payments (including prepayments) on the mortgage loans underlying mortgage-backed securities pass through to the holders of the mortgage-backed securities. Prepayments occur when the mortgagor on an individual mortgage loan prepays the remaining principal before the loans scheduled maturity date. Unscheduled prepayments of the underlying mortgage loans may result
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in early payment of the applicable mortgage-backed securities held by the Fund. The Fund may be unable to invest prepayments in an investment that provides as high a yield as the mortgage-backed securities. Consequently, early payment associated with mortgage-backed securities may cause these securities to experience significantly greater price and yield volatility than traditional fixed income securities. Many factors affect the rate of mortgage loan prepayments, including changes in interest rates, general economic conditions, further deterioration of worldwide economic and liquidity conditions, the location of the property underlying the mortgage, the age of the mortgage loan, governmental action, including legal impairment of underlying home loans, changes in demand for products financed by those loans, the inability of borrowers to refinance existing loans (e.g., sub-prime mortgages), and social and demographic conditions. During periods of falling interest rates, the rate of mortgage loan prepayments usually increases, which tends to decrease the life of mortgage-backed securities. During periods of rising interest rates, the rate of mortgage loan prepayments usually decreases, which tends to increase the life of mortgage-backed securities.
Mortgage-backed securities are subject to varying degrees of credit risk, depending on whether they are issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government (including those whose securities are neither guaranteed nor insured by the U.S. government) or by non-governmental issuers. Securities issued by private organizations may not be readily marketable, and since the deterioration of worldwide economic and liquidity conditions that became acute in 2008, mortgage-backed securities have been subject to greater illiquidity risk. These conditions may occur again. Also, government actions and proposals affecting the terms of underlying home loans, changes in demand for products (e.g., automobiles) financed by those loans, and the inability of borrowers to refinance existing loans (e.g., sub-prime mortgages), have had, and may continue to have, adverse valuation and liquidity effects on mortgage-backed securities. Although liquidity of mortgage-backed securities has improved recently, there can be no assurance that in the future the market for mortgage-backed securities will continue to improve and become more liquid. In addition, mortgage-backed securities are subject to the risk of loss of principal if the obligors of the underlying obligations default in their payment obligations, and to certain other risks described in Other Asset-Backed Securities below. The risk of defaults associated with mortgage-backed securities is generally higher in the case of mortgage-backed investments that include sub-prime mortgages. See Description of Principal Risks Market Risk Asset-Backed Securities and Credit Risk in the Prospectus for more information regarding credit and other risks associated with investments in asset-backed securities.
Mortgage-backed securities may include Adjustable Rate Securities as such term is defined in Adjustable Rate Securities below.
Other Asset-Backed Securities. Similar to mortgage-backed securities, other types of asset-backed securities may be issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government (including those whose securities are neither guaranteed nor insured by the U.S. government), foreign governments (or their agencies or instrumentalities), or non-governmental issuers. These securities include securities backed by pools of automobile loans, educational loans, home equity loans, and credit card receivables. The underlying pools of assets are securitized through the use of trusts and special purpose entities. These securities may be subject to risks associated with changes in interest rates and prepayment of underlying obligations similar to the risks of investment in mortgage-backed securities described immediately above. Similar to mortgage-backed securities, other asset-backed securities face illiquidity risk from worldwide economic and liquidity conditions as described above in Mortgage-Backed Securities. The risk of investing in asset-backed securities has increased because performance of the various sectors in
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which the assets underlying asset-backed securities are concentrated (e.g., auto loans, student loans, sub-prime mortgages, and credit card receivables) has become more highly correlated since the deterioration in worldwide economic and liquidity conditions referred to above.
Payment of interest on asset-backed securities and repayment of principal largely depends on the cash flows generated by the underlying assets backing the securities and, in certain cases, may be supported by letters of credit, surety bonds, or other credit enhancements. The amount of market risk associated with asset-backed securities depends on many factors, including the deal structure (e.g., the amount of underlying assets or other support available to produce the cash flows necessary to service interest and make principal payments), the quality of the underlying assets, the level of credit support, if any, provided for the securities, and the credit quality of the credit-support provider, if any. Asset-backed securities involve risk of loss of principal if obligors of the underlying obligations default in payment of the obligations and the defaulted obligations exceed the securities credit support. The obligations of issuers (and obligors of underlying assets) may be subject to bankruptcy, insolvency and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors. In addition, the existence of insurance on an asset-backed security does not guarantee that principal and/or interest will be paid because the insurer could default on its obligations. In recent years, a significant number of asset-backed security insurers have defaulted on their obligations.
The market value of an asset-backed security may be affected by the factors described above and other factors, such as the availability of information concerning the pool and its structure, the creditworthiness of the servicing agent for the pool, the originator of the underlying assets, or the entities providing the credit enhancement. The market value of asset-backed securities also can depend on the ability of their servicers to service the underlying collateral and is, therefore, subject to risks associated with servicers performance. In some circumstances, a servicers or originators mishandling of documentation for underlying assets (e.g., failure to properly document a security interest in the underlying collateral) may affect the rights of the holders of those underlying assets. In addition, the insolvency of an entity that generated the assets underlying an asset-backed security is likely to result in a decline in the market price of that security as well as costs and delays.
Certain types of asset-backed securities present additional risks that are not presented by mortgage-backed securities. In particular, certain types of asset-backed securities may not have the benefit of a security interest in the related assets. For example, many securities backed by credit card receivables are unsecured. In addition, the Fund may invest in securities backed by pools of corporate or sovereign bonds, bank loans to corporations, or a combination of bonds and loans, many of which may be unsecured (commonly referred to as collateralized debt obligations or collateralized loan obligations) (see Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs) below). Even when security interests are present, the ability of an issuer of certain types of asset-backed securities to enforce those interests may be more limited than that of an issuer of mortgage-backed securities. For instance, automobile receivables generally are secured by automobiles rather than by real property. Most issuers of automobile receivables permit loan servicers to retain possession of the underlying assets. In addition, because of the large number of underlying vehicles involved in a typical issue of asset-backed securities and technical requirements under state law, the trustee for the holders of the automobile receivables may not have a proper security interest in all of the automobiles. Therefore, recoveries on repossessed automobiles may not be available to support payments on these securities.
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In addition, certain types of asset-backed securities may experience losses on the underlying assets as a result of certain rights provided to consumer debtors under federal and state law. In the case of certain consumer debt, such as credit card debt, debtors are entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer credit laws, many of which give such debtors the right to set off certain amounts owed on their credit cards (or other debt), thereby reducing their balances due. For instance, a debtor may be able to offset certain damages for which a court has determined that the creditor is liable to the debtor against amounts owed to the creditor by the debtor on his or her credit card.
Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (CMOs); Residuals and Strips. A CMO is a debt obligation backed by a portfolio of mortgages or mortgage-backed securities held under an indenture. The issuer of a CMO generally pays interest and prepaid principal on a monthly basis. These payments are secured by the underlying portfolio, which typically includes mortgage pass-through securities guaranteed by Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae, or the Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae) and their income streams, and which also may include whole mortgage loans and private mortgage bonds.
CMOs are issued in multiple classes, often referred to as tranches. Each class has a different maturity and is entitled to a different schedule for payments of principal and interest, including pre-payments.
In a typical CMO transaction, the issuer of the CMO bonds uses proceeds from the CMO offering to buy mortgages or mortgage pass-through certificates (the Collateral). The issuer then pledges the Collateral to a third party trustee as security for the CMOs. The issuer uses principal and interest payments from the Collateral to pay principal on the CMOs, paying the tranche with the earliest maturity first. Thus, the issuer pays no principal on a tranche until all other tranches with earlier maturities are paid in full. The early retirement of a particular class or series has the same effect as the prepayment of mortgage loans underlying a mortgage-backed pass-through security.
CMOs may be less liquid and may exhibit greater price volatility than other types of mortgage- or other asset-backed securities.
The Fund also may invest in CMO residuals, which are issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government or by private lenders of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, homebuilders, mortgage banks, commercial banks, and investment banks. A CMO residual represents excess cash flow generated by the Collateral after the issuer of the CMO makes all required principal and interest payments and after the issuers management fees and administrative expenses have been paid. Thus, CMO residuals have value only to the extent income from the Collateral exceeds the amount necessary to satisfy the issuers debt obligations on all other outstanding CMOs. The amount of residual cash flow resulting from a CMO will depend on, among other things, the characterization of the mortgage assets, the coupon rate of each class of CMO, prevailing interest rates, the amount of administrative expenses, and the pre-payment experience on the mortgage assets.
CMOs also include certificates representing undivided interests in payments of interest-only or principal-only (IO/PO Strips) on the underlying mortgages.
IO/PO Strips and CMO residuals tend to be more volatile than other types of securities. If the underlying securities are prepaid, holders of IO/PO Strips and CMO residuals may lose a
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substantial portion or the entire value of their investment. In addition, if a CMO pays interest at an adjustable rate, the cash flows on the related CMO residual will be extremely sensitive to rate adjustments.
Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs). The Fund may invest in CDOs, which include collateralized bond obligations (CBOs), collateralized loan obligations (CLOs), and other similarly structured securities. CBOs and CLOs are asset-backed securities. A CBO is an obligation of a trust or other special purpose vehicle backed by a pool of fixed income securities. A CLO is an obligation of a trust or other special purpose vehicle typically collateralized by a pool of loans, which may include U.S. and non-U.S. senior secured and unsecured loans, and subordinate corporate loans, including loans that may be rated below investment grade, or equivalent unrated loans.
For both CBOs and CLOs, the cash flows from the trust are split into two or more portions, called tranches, which vary in risk and yield. The riskier portions are the residual, equity, and subordinate tranches, which bear some or all of the risk of default by the bonds or loans in the trust, and therefore protect the other, more senior tranches from default in all but the most severe circumstances. Since it is partially protected from defaults, a senior tranche from a CBO trust or CLO trust typically has higher ratings and lower yields than its underlying securities, and can be rated investment grade. Despite the protection from the riskier tranches, senior CBO or CLO tranches can experience substantial losses due to actual defaults(including collateral default), the total loss of the riskier tranches due to losses in the collateral, market anticipation of defaults, fraud by the trust, and the illiquidity of CBO or CLO securities.
The risks of an investment in a CDO largely depend on the type of underlying collateral securities and the tranche in which the Fund invests. The Fund may invest in any tranche of a CBO or CLO. Typically, CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs are privately offered and sold, and thus, are not registered under the securities laws. As a result, the Fund may characterize its investments in CDOs as illiquid, unless an active dealer market for a particular CDO allows the CDO to be purchased and sold in Rule 144A transactions. CDOs are subject to the typical risks associated with debt instruments discussed elsewhere in this SAI and the Prospectus, including interest rate risk (which may be exacerbated if the interest rate payable on a structured financing changes based on multiples of changes in interest rates or inversely to changes in interest rates), default risk, prepayment risk, credit risk, illiquidity risk, market risk, structural risk, and legal risk. Additional risks of CDOs include: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will be insufficient to make interest or other payments; (ii) the possibility that the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default, due to factors such as the availability of any credit enhancement, the level and timing of payments and recoveries on and the characteristics of the underlying receivables, loans, or other assets that are being securitized, remoteness of those assets from the originator or transferor, the adequacy of and ability to realize upon any related collateral, and the capability of the servicer of the securitized assets; (iii) market and illiquidity risks affecting the price of a structured finance investment, if required to be sold, at the time of sale; and (iv) if the particular structured product is invested in a security in which the Fund is also invested, this would tend to increase the Funds overall exposure to the credit of the issuer of such securities, at least on an absolute, if not on a relative basis. In addition, due to the complex nature of a CDO, an investment in a CDO may not perform as expected. An investment in a CDO also is subject to the risk that the issuer and the investors may interpret the terms of the instrument differently, giving rise to disputes.
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The Fund may invest in covered bonds, which are debt securities issued by banks or other credit institutions that are backed by both the issuing institution and underlying pool of assets that compose the bond (a cover pool). The cover pool for a covered bond is typically composed of residential or commercial mortgage loans or loans to public sector institutions. A covered bond may lose value if the credit rating of the issuing bank or credit institution is downgraded or the quality of the assets in the cover pool deteriorates.
Adjustable Rate Securities
Adjustable rate securities are securities that have interest rates that reset at periodic intervals, usually by reference to an interest rate index or market interest rate. Adjustable rate securities include U.S. government securities and securities of other issuers. Some adjustable rate securities are backed by pools of mortgage loans. Although the rate adjustment feature may act as a buffer to reduce sharp changes in the value of adjustable rate securities, changes in market interest rates or changes in the issuers creditworthiness may still affect their value. Because the interest rate is reset only periodically, changes in the interest rates on adjustable rate securities may lag changes in prevailing market interest rates. Also, some adjustable rate securities (or, in the case of securities backed by mortgage loans, the underlying mortgages) are subject to caps or floors that limit the maximum change in interest rate during a specified period or over the life of the security. Because of the rate adjustments, adjustable rate securities are less likely than non-adjustable rate securities of comparable quality and maturity to increase significantly in value when market interest rates fall.
Below Investment Grade Securities
The Fund may invest some or all of its assets in securities or instruments rated below investment grade (that is, rated below Baa3/P-2 by Moodys Investors Service, Inc. (Moodys) or below BBB-/A-2 by Standard & Poors (S&P) for a particular security/commercial paper, or securities unrated by Moodys or S&P that are determined by GMO to be of comparable quality to securities so rated) at the time of purchase, including securities in the lowest rating categories and comparable unrated securities (Below Investment Grade Securities) (commonly referred to as junk bonds). In addition, the Fund may hold securities that are downgraded to below investment grade status after the time of purchase by the Fund. Many issuers of high yield debt are highly leveraged, and their relatively high debt-to-equity ratios create increased risks that their operations might not generate sufficient cash flow to service their debt obligations. In addition, many issuers of high yield debt may be (i) in poor financial condition; (ii) experiencing poor operating results; (iii) having substantial capital needs or negative net worth; or (iv) facing special competitive or product obsolescence problems, and may include companies involved in bankruptcy or other reorganizations or liquidation proceedings. Compared to higher quality fixed income securities, Below Investment Grade Securities offer the potential for higher investment returns but subject holders to greater credit and market risk. The ability of an issuer of Below Investment Grade Securities to meet principal and interest payments is considered speculative. The Funds investments in Below Investment Grade Securities are more dependent on GMOs own credit analysis than its investments in higher quality bonds. Certain of these securities may not be publicly traded, and therefore it may be difficult to obtain information as to the true condition of the issuers. The market for Below Investment Grade Securities may be more severely affected than other financial markets by economic recession or substantial interest rate increases, changing public perceptions, or legislation that limits the ability of certain categories of financial institutions to invest in Below Investment Grade Securities. In addition, the market may be less liquid for Below Investment Grade Securities than for other types of
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securities. Reduced liquidity can affect the values of Below Investment Grade Securities, make their valuation and sale more difficult, and result in greater volatility. Because Below Investment Grade Securities are difficult to value and are more likely to be fair valued (see Determination of Net Asset Value in the Prospectus and herein), particularly during erratic markets, the values realized on their sale may differ from the values at which they are carried on the books of the Fund. Some Below Investment Grade Securities in which the Fund invests may be in poor standing or in default.
Securities in the lowest investment-grade category (BBB or Baa) also have some speculative characteristics. See Appendix B Commercial Paper and Corporate Debt Ratings for more information concerning commercial paper and corporate debt ratings.
Distressed or Defaulted Debt Securities
The Fund may invest in securities, claims, and obligations of U.S. and non-U.S. issuers which are experiencing significant financial or business difficulties (including companies involved in bankruptcy or other reorganization and liquidation proceedings). The Fund may purchase distressed securities and instruments of all kinds, including equity and debt instruments and, in particular, loans, loan participations, claims held by trade or other creditors, bonds, notes, non-performing and sub-performing mortgage loans, beneficial interests in liquidating trusts or other similar types of trusts, fee interests and financial interests in real estate, partnership interests and similar financial instruments, executory contracts and participations therein, many of which are not publicly traded and which may involve a substantial degree of risk.
Investments in distressed or defaulted debt securities generally are considered speculative and may involve substantial risks not normally associated with investments in higher quality securities, including adverse business, financial or economic conditions that can lead to payment defaults and insolvency proceedings on the part of their issuers.
In particular, defaulted obligations might be repaid, if at all, only after lengthy workout or bankruptcy proceedings, during which the issuer might not make any interest or other payments. The amount of any recovery may be adversely affected by the relative priority of the Funds investment in the issuers capital structure. The ability to enforce obligations may be adversely affected by actions or omissions of predecessors in interest that give rise to counterclaims or defenses, including causes of action for equitable subordination or debt recharacterization. In addition, such investments, collateral securing such investments, and payments made in respect of such investments may be challenged as fraudulent conveyances or to be subject to avoidance as preferences under certain circumstances.
Investments in distressed securities inherently have more credit risk than do investments in similar securities and instruments of non-distressed companies, and the degree of risk associated with any particular distressed securities may be difficult or impossible for GMO to determine within reasonable standards of predictability. The level of analytical sophistication, both financial and legal, necessary for successful investment in distressed securities is unusually high.
If GMOs assessment of the eventual recovery value of a defaulted debt security proves incorrect, the Fund may lose a substantial portion or all of its investment or may be required to accept cash or instruments worth less than its original investment.
Investments in financially distressed companies domiciled outside the United States involve additional risks. Bankruptcy law and creditor reorganization processes may differ substantially
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from those in the United States, resulting in greater uncertainty as to the rights of creditors, the enforceability of such rights, reorganization timing and the classification, seniority and treatment of claims. In certain developing countries, although bankruptcy laws have been enacted, the process for reorganization remains highly uncertain.
In addition, investments in distressed or defaulted debt securities can present special tax issues for the Fund. See the Taxes section below for more information.
Brady Bonds
Brady Bonds are securities created through the restructuring of commercial bank loans to public and private entities under a debt restructuring plan introduced by former U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Nicholas F. Brady (the Brady Plan). Brady Plan debt restructurings have been implemented in Mexico, Uruguay, Venezuela, Costa Rica, Argentina, Nigeria, the Philippines, and other emerging countries.
Brady Bonds may be collateralized, are issued in various currencies (but primarily the U.S. dollar), and are traded in OTC secondary markets. U.S. dollar-denominated, collateralized Brady Bonds, which may be fixed-rate bonds or floating-rate bonds, are generally collateralized in full as to principal by U.S. Treasury zero coupon bonds having the same maturity as the bonds.
The valuation of a Brady Bond typically depends on an evaluation of: (i) any collateralized repayments of principal at final maturity; (ii) any collateralized interest payments; (iii) the uncollateralized interest payments; and (iv) any uncollateralized repayments of principal at maturity (the uncollateralized amounts constitute the residual risk). In light of the history of prior defaults by the issuers of Brady Bonds, investments in Brady Bonds may be viewed as speculative regardless of the current credit rating of the issuer. There are very few remaining Brady Bonds in existence today.
Euro Bonds
Euro bonds are securities denominated in U.S. dollars or another currency and sold to investors outside of the country whose currency is used. Euro bonds may be issued by government or corporate issuers, and are typically underwritten by banks and brokerage firms in numerous countries. While Euro bonds often pay principal and interest in U.S. dollars held in banks outside of the United States (Eurodollars), some Euro bonds may pay principal and interest in other currencies. Euro bonds are subject to the same risks as other fixed income securities. See Debt and Other Fixed Income Securities Generally above.
Zero Coupon Securities
To the extent the Fund invests in zero coupon fixed income securities, it accrues interest income at a fixed rate based on initial purchase price and length to maturity, but the securities do not pay interest in cash on a current basis. The Fund is required to distribute the accrued income to its shareholders, even though the Fund is not receiving the income in cash on a current basis. Thus, the Fund may have to sell other investments to obtain cash to make income distributions (including at a time when it may not be advantageous to do so). See the Taxes section below. The market value of zero coupon securities is often more volatile than that of non-zero coupon fixed income securities of comparable quality and maturity. Zero coupon securities include IO/PO Strips and STRIPS.
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Indexed Investments
The Fund may invest in various transactions and instruments that are designed to track the performance of an index (including, but not limited to, securities indices and credit default indices). Indexed securities are securities the redemption values and/or coupons of which are indexed to a specific instrument, group of instruments, index, or other statistic. Indexed securities typically, but not always, are debt securities or deposits whose value at maturity or coupon rate is determined by reference to other securities, securities or inflation indices, currencies, precious metals or other commodities, or other financial indicators. For example, the maturity value of gold-indexed securities depends on the price of gold and, therefore, their price tends to rise and fall with gold prices.
While investments that track the performance of an index may increase the number, and thus the diversity, of the underlying assets to which the Fund is exposed, such investments are subject to many of the same risks of investing in the underlying assets that comprise the index discussed elsewhere in this section, as well as certain additional risks that are not typically associated with investments in such underlying assets. An investment that is designed to track the performance of an index may not replicate and maintain exactly the same composition and relative weightings of the assets in the index. Additionally, the liquidity of the market for such investments may be subject to the same conditions affecting liquidity in the underlying assets and markets and could be relatively less liquid in certain circumstances. The performance of indexed securities depends on the performance of the security, security index, inflation index, currency, or other instrument to which they are indexed. Interest rate changes in the United States and abroad also may influence performance. Indexed securities also are subject to the credit risks of the issuer, and their values are adversely affected by declines in the issuers creditworthiness.
The Funds investments in certain indexed securities, including inflation-indexed bonds, may generate taxable income in excess of the interest they pay to the Fund, which may cause the Fund to sell investments to obtain cash to make income distributions to shareholders (including at a time when it may not be advantageous to do so). See the Taxes section below.
Currency-Indexed Securities. Currency-indexed securities have maturity values or interest rates determined by reference to the values of one or more foreign currencies. Currency-indexed securities also may have maturity values or interest rates that depend on the values of a number of different foreign currencies relative to each other.
Inverse Floating Obligations. Indexed securities in which the Fund may invest include so-called inverse floating obligations or residual interest bonds on which the interest rates typically decline as the index or reference rates, typically short-term interest rates, increase and increase as index or reference rates decline. An inverse floating obligation may have the effect of investment leverage to the extent that its interest rate varies by a magnitude that exceeds the magnitude of the change in the index or reference rate of interest. Generally, leverage will result in greater price volatility.
Inflation-Indexed Bonds. The Fund may invest in inflation-indexed bonds and in futures contracts on inflation-indexed bonds. See Options, Futures, and Forward Contracts Inflation-Linked Futures above for a discussion of inflation-linked futures. Inflation-indexed bonds are fixed income securities whose principal value is adjusted periodically according to the rate of inflation. Two structures are common. The U.S. Treasury and some other issuers use a structure
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that accrues inflation into the principal value of the bond. Most other issuers pay out the CPI accruals as part of a semiannual coupon.
Inflation-indexed securities issued by the U.S. Treasury (or TIPS) have maturities of approximately three, five, ten, or thirty years, although it is possible that securities that have other maturities will be issued in the future. U.S. Treasury securities pay interest on a semi-annual basis equal to a fixed percentage of the inflation-adjusted principal amount. For example, if the Fund purchased an inflation-indexed bond with a par value of $1,000 and a 3% real rate of return coupon (payable 1.5% semi-annually), and the rate of inflation over the first six months was 1%, the mid-year par value of the bond would be $1,010 and the first semi-annual interest payment would be $15.15 ($1,010 times 1.5%). If inflation during the second half of the year resulted in the whole years inflation equaling 3%, the end-of-year par value of the bond would be $1,030 and the second semi-annual interest payment would be $15.45 ($1,030 times 1.5%).
If the periodic adjustment rate measuring inflation falls, the principal value of inflation-indexed bonds will be adjusted downward and, consequently, the interest they pay (calculated with respect to a smaller principal amount) will be reduced. The U.S. government guarantees the repayment of the original bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) in the case of a TIPS, even during a period of deflation, although the inflation-adjusted principal received could be less than the inflation-adjusted principal that had accrued to the bond at the time of purchase. However, the current market value of the bonds is not guaranteed and will fluctuate. The Fund also may invest in other inflation-related bonds which may or may not provide a similar guarantee. If a guarantee of principal is not provided, the adjusted principal value of the bond repaid at maturity may be less than the original principal.
The market price of inflation-indexed bonds (including TIPS) normally changes when real interest rates change. Their value typically declines during periods of rising real interest rates (i.e., nominal interest rate minus inflation) and increases during periods of declining real interest rates. Real interest rates, in turn, are tied to the relationship between nominal interest rates (i.e., stated interest rates) and the rate of inflation. Therefore, if the rate of inflation rises at a faster rate than nominal interest rates, real interest rates (i.e., nominal interest rate minus inflation) might decline, leading to an increase in value of inflation-indexed bonds. In contrast, if nominal interest rates increase at a faster rate than inflation, real interest rates might rise, leading to a decrease in value of inflation-indexed bonds. In some interest rate environments, such as when real interest rates are rising faster than nominal interest rates, the market price of inflation-indexed bonds may decline more than the price of non-inflation-indexed (or nominal) fixed income bonds with similar maturities. Moreover, if the index measuring inflation falls, the principal value of inflation-indexed bond investments will be adjusted downward, and, consequently, the interest they pay (calculated with respect to a smaller principal amount) will be reduced.
Although inflation-indexed bonds protect their holders from long-term inflationary trends, short-term increases in inflation may result in a decline in value. In addition, inflation-indexed bonds do not protect holders from increases in interest rates due to reasons other than inflation (such as changes in currency exchange rates).
The periodic adjustment of U.S. inflation-indexed bonds is tied to the Consumer Price Index for Urban Consumers (CPI-U), which is calculated monthly by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The CPI-U is a measurement of changes in the cost of living, made up of components such as housing, food, transportation, and energy. Inflation-indexed bonds issued by a foreign
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government are generally adjusted to reflect changes in a comparable inflation index calculated by the foreign government. No assurance can be given that the CPI-U or any foreign inflation index will accurately measure the real rate of inflation in the prices of goods and services. In addition, no assurance can be given that the rate of inflation in a foreign country will correlate to the rate of inflation in the United States.
Coupon payments received by the Fund from inflation-indexed bonds generally are included in the Funds gross income for the period in which they accrue. In addition, any increase in the principal amount of an inflation-indexed bond constitutes taxable ordinary income to investors in the Fund, even though principal is not paid until maturity.
Structured Notes
Similar to indexed securities, structured notes are derivative debt securities, the interest rate or principal of which is determined by reference to changes in the value of a specific asset, reference rate, or index (the reference) or the relative change in two or more references. The interest rate or the principal amount payable upon maturity or redemption may increase or decrease, depending upon changes in the reference. The terms of a structured note may provide that, in certain circumstances, no principal is due at maturity and, therefore, may result in a loss of invested capital. Structured notes may be indexed positively or negatively, so that appreciation of the reference may produce an increase or decrease in the interest rate or value of the principal at maturity. In addition, changes in the interest rate or the value of the principal at maturity may be fixed at a specified multiple of the change in the value of the reference, making the value of the note particularly volatile.
Structured notes may entail a greater degree of market risk than other types of debt securities because the investor bears the risk of the reference. Structured notes also may be more volatile, less liquid, and more difficult to price accurately than less complex securities or more traditional debt securities.
Firm Commitments, When-Issued Securities, and TBAs
The Fund may enter into firm commitments and similar agreements with banks or brokers for the purchase or sale of securities at an agreed-upon price on a specified future date. For example, the Fund that invests in fixed income securities may enter into a firm commitment agreement if GMO anticipates a decline in interest rates and believes it is able to obtain a more advantageous future yield by committing currently to purchase securities to be issued later. The Fund generally does not earn income on the securities it has committed to purchase until after delivery. The Fund may take delivery of the securities or, if deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy, may sell the securities before the settlement date. When payment is due on when-issued or delayed-delivery securities, the Fund makes payment from then-available cash flow or the sale of securities, or from the sale of the when-issued or delayed-delivery securities themselves (which may have a value greater or less than what the Fund paid for them).
The Fund may purchase or sell securities, including mortgage-backed securities, in the to-be-announced (TBA) market. A TBA purchase commitment is a security that is purchased or sold for a fixed price and the underlying securities are announced at a future date. The seller does not specify the particular securities to be delivered. Instead, the Fund agrees to accept any security that meets specified terms. For example, in a TBA mortgage-backed security transaction, the Fund and the seller would agree upon the issuer, interest rate and terms of the underlying
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mortgages. The seller would not identify the specific underlying mortgages until it issues the security. The purchaser of TBA securities generally is subject to increased market risk and interest rate risk because the delivered securities may be less favorable than anticipated by the purchaser.
Loans (Including Bank Loans), Loan Participations, and Assignments
The Fund may invest in direct debt instruments, which are interests in amounts owed to lenders or lending syndicates, to suppliers of goods or services, or to other parties by a corporate, governmental, or other borrower. Such loans may include bank loans, promissory notes, and loan participations, or in the case of suppliers of goods or services, trade claims or other receivables. Investments in direct debt instruments are subject to the Funds policies regarding the quality of debt investments generally. Such instruments may include term loans and revolving loans, may pay interest at a fixed or floating rate, and may be senior or subordinated. The Fund may acquire interests in loans either directly (by way of sale or assignment) or indirectly (by way of participation).
Purchases of loans and other forms of direct indebtedness depend primarily upon the creditworthiness of the borrower for payment of principal and interest, and adverse changes in the creditworthiness of the borrower may affect its ability to pay principal and interest. Direct debt instruments may not be rated by any rating agency. In the event of non-payment of interest or principal, loans that are secured offer the Fund more protection than comparable unsecured loans. However, no assurance can be given that the collateral for a secured loan can be liquidated or that the proceeds will satisfy the borrowers obligation. Investment in the indebtedness of borrowers with low creditworthiness involves substantially greater risks, and may be highly speculative. Borrowers that are in bankruptcy or restructuring may never pay off their indebtedness, or may pay only a small fraction of the amount owed. Investments in sovereign debt similarly involve the risk that the governmental entities responsible for repayment of the debt may be unable or unwilling to pay interest and repay principal when due. The bank loans acquired by the Fund may be below investment grade or unrated.
When investing in a loan participation, the Fund typically purchases participation interests in a portion of a lenders or participants interest in a loan but has no direct contractual relationship with the borrower. Participation interests in a portion of a debt obligation typically result in a contractual relationship only with the institution participating in the interest, not with the borrower. The Fund must rely on the seller of the participation interest not only for the enforcement of the Funds rights against the borrower but also for the receipt and processing of principal, interest, or other payments due under the loan. This may subject the Fund to greater delays, expenses, and risks than if the Fund could enforce its rights directly against the borrower. In addition, the Fund generally will have no rights of set-off against the borrower, and the Fund may not directly benefit from the collateral supporting the debt obligation in which it has purchased the participation. A participation agreement also may limit the rights of the Fund to vote on changes that may be made to the underlying loan agreement, such as waiving a breach of a covenant. In addition, under the terms of a participation agreement, the Fund may be treated as a creditor of the seller of the participation interest (rather than of the borrower), thus exposing the Fund to the credit risk of the seller in addition to the credit risk of the borrower. Additional risks include inadequate perfection of a loans security interest, the possible invalidation or compromise of an investment transaction as a fraudulent conveyance or preference under relevant creditors rights laws, the validity and seniority of bank claims and guarantees, environmental liabilities that may arise with respect to collateral securing the obligations, and
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adverse consequences resulting from participating in such instruments through other institutions with lower credit quality.
Bank loans and participation interests may not be readily marketable and may be subject to restrictions on resale. There can be no assurance that future levels of supply and demand in loan or loan participation trading will provide an adequate degree of liquidity and no assurance that the market will not experience periods of significant illiquidity in the future.
Investments in loans through direct assignment of a lenders interests may involve additional risks to the Fund. For example, if a secured loan is foreclosed, the Fund could become part owner of any collateral, and would bear the costs and liabilities associated with owning and disposing of the collateral. In addition, under legal theories of lender liability, the Fund potentially might be held liable as a co-lender.
A loan is often administered by a bank or other financial institution that acts as agent for all holders. The agent administers the terms of the loan, as specified in the loan agreement. Unless, under the terms of the loan or other indebtedness the Fund has direct recourse against the borrower, it may have to rely on the agent to enforce its rights against the borrower.
GMO may, with respect to its management of investments in certain loans for the Fund, seek to remain flexible to purchase and sell other securities in the borrowers capital structure, by remaining public. In such cases, GMO will seek to avoid receiving material, non-public information about the borrowers to which the Fund may lend (through assignments, participations or otherwise). GMOs decision not to use material, non-public information about borrowers may place GMO at an information disadvantage relative to other lenders. Also, in instances where lenders are asked to grant amendments, waivers or consents in favor of the borrower, GMOs ability to assess the significance of the amendment, waiver or consent or its desirability from the Funds point of view may be materially and adversely affected.
When GMOs employees, on-site consultants, partners, members, directors, or officers come into possession of material, non-public information about the issuers of loans that may be held by the Fund or other accounts managed by GMO (either intentionally or inadvertently), or material, non-public information is otherwise attributed to GMO, GMOs ability to trade in other securities of the issuers of these loans for the account of GMO may be limited pursuant to applicable securities laws. Such limitations on GMOs ability to trade could have an adverse effect on the Fund. In many instances, these trading restrictions could continue in effect for a substantial period of time.
Direct indebtedness purchased by the Fund may include letters of credit, revolving credit facilities, or other standby financing commitments obligating the Fund to pay additional cash on demand. These commitments may have the effect of requiring the Fund to increase its investment in a borrower at a time when it would not otherwise have done so. The Fund is required to maintain liquid assets to cover the Funds potential obligations under standby financing commitments.
Loans may not be considered securities, and if the Fund purchases a loan the Fund may not be entitled to rely on anti-fraud and other protections under the federal securities laws.
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Trade Claims. The Fund may purchase trade claims against companies, including companies in bankruptcy or reorganization proceedings. Trade claims generally include claims of suppliers for goods delivered and not paid, claims for unpaid services rendered, claims for contract rejection damages and claims related to litigation. An investment in trade claims is very speculative and carries a high degree of risk. Trade claims are illiquid instruments which generally do not pay interest and there can be no guarantee that the debtor will ever be able to satisfy the obligation on the trade claim. Additionally, there can be restrictions on the purchase, sale, and/or transferability of trade claims during all or part of a bankruptcy proceeding. The markets in trade claims generally are not regulated by U.S. federal securities laws or the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
Trade claims are typically unsecured and may be subordinated to other unsecured obligations of a debtor, and generally are subject to defenses of the debtor with respect to the underlying transaction giving rise to the trade claim. Although GMO endeavors to protect against such risks in connection with the evaluation and purchase of claims, trade claims are subject to risks not generally associated with standardized securities and instruments due to the idiosyncratic nature of the claims purchased. These risks include the risk that the debtor may contest the allowance of the claim due to disputes the debtor has with the original claimant or the inequitable conduct of the original claimant, or due to administrative errors in connection with the transfer of the claim. Recovery on allowed trade claims also may be impaired if the anticipated dividend payable on unsecured claims in the bankruptcy is not realized or if the timing of the bankruptcy distribution is delayed. As a result of the foregoing factors, trade claims are also subject to the risk that if the Fund does receive payment, it may be in an amount less than what the Fund paid for or otherwise expects to receive in respect of the claim.
In addition, because they are not negotiable instruments, trade claims are typically less liquid than negotiable instruments. Given these factors, trade claims often trade at a discount to other pari passu instruments.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements and Dollar Roll Agreements
The Fund may enter into reverse repurchase agreements and dollar roll agreements with banks and brokers to enhance return. Reverse repurchase agreements involve sales by the Fund of portfolio securities concurrently with an agreement by the Fund to repurchase the same securities at a later date at a fixed price. During the reverse repurchase agreement period, the Fund continues to receive principal and interest payments on the securities and also has the opportunity to earn a return on the collateral furnished by the counterparty to secure its obligation to redeliver the securities.
Dollar rolls are transactions in which the Fund sells securities for delivery in the current month and simultaneously contracts to repurchase substantially similar (same type and coupon) securities on a specified future date. During the roll period, the Fund foregoes principal and interest paid on the securities. The Fund is compensated by the difference between the current sales price and the forward price for the future purchase (often referred to as the drop) as well as by the interest earned on the cash proceeds of the initial sale.
If the buyer in a reverse repurchase agreement or dollar roll agreement files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, the Funds use of proceeds from the sale of its securities may be restricted while the other party or its trustee or receiver determines whether to honor the Funds right to repurchase the securities. Furthermore, in that situation the Fund may be unable to recover the
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securities it sold in connection with a reverse repurchase agreement and as a result would realize a loss equal to the difference between the value of the securities and the payment it received for them. This loss would be greater to the extent the buyer paid less than the value of the securities the Fund sold to it (e.g., a buyer may only be willing to pay $95 for a bond with a market value of $100). The Funds use of reverse repurchase agreements also subjects the Fund to interest costs based on the difference between the sale and repurchase price of a security involved in such a transaction. Additionally, reverse repurchase agreements entail the same risks as OTC derivatives. These include the risk that the counterparty to the reverse repurchase agreement may not be able to fulfill its obligations, as discussed above, that the parties may disagree as to the meaning or application of contractual terms, or that the instrument may not perform as expected. See Description of Principal Risks Derivatives and Short Sales Risk and Counterparty Risk in the Prospectus and Uses of Derivatives below. Reverse repurchase agreements and dollar rolls are not considered borrowings by the Fund for purposes of the Funds fundamental investment restriction on borrowings.
Commodity-Related Investments
Commodity prices can be extremely volatile and may be directly or indirectly affected by many factors, including changes in overall market movements, real or perceived inflationary trends, commodity index volatility, changes in interest rates or currency exchange rates, population growth and changing demographics, and factors affecting a particular industry or commodity, such as drought, floods, or other weather conditions, livestock disease, trade embargoes, competition from substitute products, transportation bottlenecks or shortages, fluctuations in supply and demand, tariffs, and international regulatory, political, and economic developments (e.g., regime changes and changes in economic activity levels). In addition, some commodities are subject to limited pricing flexibility because of supply and demand factors, and others are subject to broad price fluctuations as a result of the volatility of prices for certain raw materials and the instability of supplies of other materials.
Actions of and changes in governments, and political and economic instability, in commodity-producing and -exporting countries may affect the production and marketing of commodities. In addition, commodity-related industries throughout the world are subject to greater political, environmental, and other governmental regulation than many other industries. Changes in government policies and the need for regulatory approvals may adversely affect the products and services of companies in the commodities industries. For example, the exploration, development, and distribution of coal, oil, and gas in the United States are subject to significant federal and state regulation, which may affect rates of return on coal, oil, and gas and the kinds of services that the federal and state governments may offer to companies in those industries. In addition, compliance with environmental and other safety regulations has caused many companies in commodity-related industries to incur production delays and significant costs. Government regulation also may impede the development of new technologies. The effect of future regulations affecting commodity-related industries cannot be predicted.
The value of commodity-related derivatives fluctuates based on changes in the values of the underlying commodity, commodity index, futures contract, or other economic variable to which they are related. Additionally, economic leverage will increase the volatility of these instruments as they may increase or decrease in value more quickly than the underlying commodity or other relevant economic variable. See Options, Futures, and Forward Contracts, Structured Notes, Swap Contracts and Other Two-Party Contracts, and Uses of Derivatives herein for more information on the Funds investments in derivatives, including commodity-related derivatives
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such as swap agreements, commodity futures contracts, and options on commodity futures contracts.
The Fund should generally be entitled to treat the income that it recognizes from its investment in a wholly-owned foreign subsidiary as qualifying income for purposes of qualifying as a regulated investment company under the Code. There is a risk, however, that the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) could determine that some or all of the income derived from investments in such subsidiary is not qualifying income, which might adversely affect the ability of the Fund to qualify as a regulated investment company. The Funds foreign subsidiary is a controlled foreign corporation for U.S. federal tax purposes. See Investments in Wholly-Owned Subsidiaries and the Taxes section below.
The Funds ability to pursue an investment strategy that involves investments in certain commodity-related instruments may be limited by the Funds intention to qualify as a regulated investment company under the Code, and its strategy may bear adversely on the Funds ability to so qualify. See the Taxes section below for more information.
Illiquid Securities, Private Placements, Restricted Securities, and IPOs and Other Limited Opportunities
At the time of purchase, the Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities. For this purpose, illiquid securities are securities that the Fund may not sell or dispose of within seven days in the ordinary course of business at approximately the amount at which the Fund has valued the securities.
A repurchase agreement maturing in more than seven days is considered illiquid, unless it can be terminated after a notice period of seven days or less.
Private Placements and Restricted Investments. Illiquid securities include securities of private issuers, securities traded in unregulated or shallow markets, securities issued by entities deemed to be affiliates of the Fund, and securities that are purchased in private placements and are subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale. Because relatively few purchasers of these securities may exist, especially in the event of adverse economic and liquidity conditions or adverse changes in the issuers financial condition, the Fund may not be able to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position in such investments at a desirable price. Disposing of illiquid securities may involve time-consuming negotiation and legal expenses, and selling them promptly at an acceptable price may be difficult or impossible.
While private placements may offer attractive opportunities not otherwise available in the open market, the securities purchased are usually restricted securities or are not readily marketable. Restricted securities cannot be sold without being registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the 1933 Act), unless they are sold pursuant to an exemption from registration (such as Rules 144 or 144A). Securities that are not readily marketable are subject to other legal or contractual restrictions on resale. The Fund may have to bear the expense of registering restricted securities for resale and the risk of substantial delay in effecting registration. The Fund selling its securities in a registered offering may be deemed to be an underwriter for purposes of Section 11 of the 1933 Act. In such event, the Fund may be liable to purchasers of the securities under Section 11 if the registration statement prepared by the issuer, or the prospectus forming a part of it, is materially inaccurate or misleading, although the Fund may have a due diligence defense.
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At times, the inability to sell illiquid securities can make it more difficult to determine their fair value for purposes of computing the Funds net asset value. The judgment of GMO normally plays a greater role in valuing these securities than in valuing publicly traded securities.
IPOs and Other Limited Opportunities. The Fund may purchase securities of companies that are offered pursuant to an initial public offering (IPO) or other similar limited opportunities. Although companies can be any age or size at the time of their IPO, they are often smaller and have a limited operating history, which involves a greater potential for the value of their securities to be impaired following the IPO. The price of a companys securities may be highly unstable at the time of its IPO and for a period thereafter due to factors such as market psychology prevailing at the time of the IPO, the absence of a prior public market, the small number of shares available, and limited availability of investor information. Securities purchased in IPOs have a tendency to fluctuate in value significantly shortly after the IPO relative to the price at which they were purchased. These fluctuations could impact the net asset value and return earned on the Funds shares. Investors in IPOs can be adversely affected by substantial dilution in the value of their shares, by sales of additional shares, and by concentration of control in existing management and principal shareholders. In addition, all of the factors that affect the performance of an economy or equity markets may have a greater impact on the shares of IPO companies. IPO securities tend to involve greater risk due, in part, to public perception and the lack of publicly available information and trading history.
Investments in Other Investment Companies or Other Pooled Investments
Subject to applicable regulatory requirements, the Fund may invest in shares of both open- and closed-end investment companies (including other GMO Funds, money market funds, and ETFs). Investing in another investment company exposes the Fund to all the risks of that investment company and, in general, subjects it to a pro rata portion of the other investment companys fees and expenses. The Fund also may invest in private investment funds, vehicles, or structures. The Funds investment in other investment companies or private investment funds, vehicles or structures could affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to shareholders, and in certain circumstances could cause the Fund to recognize taxable income in excess of the cash generated by such investment, which could require the Fund in turn to liquidate investments, including when it is not advantageous to do so, in order to make required distributions. See the Taxes section below.
ETFs are hybrid investment companies that are registered as open-end investment companies or unit investment trusts (UITs) but possess some of the characteristics of closed-end funds. ETFs in which the Fund may invest typically hold a portfolio of common stocks that is intended to track the price and dividend performance of a particular index. Unlike the index, an ETF incurs administrative expenses and transaction costs in trading securities. In addition, the timing and magnitude of cash inflows and outflows from and to investors buying and redeeming shares in the ETF could create cash balances that cause the ETFs performance to deviate from the index (which remains fully invested at all times). Performance of an ETF and the index it is designed to track also may diverge because the composition of the index and the securities held by the ETF may occasionally differ. The Fund also may invest in actively-managed ETFs. Common examples of ETFs include S&P Depositary Receipts (SPDRs), Vanguard ETFs, and iShares, which may be purchased from the UIT or investment company issuing the securities or in the secondary market (SPDRs, Vanguard ETFs, and iShares are predominantly listed on the NYSE Arca). The market prices for ETF shares may be higher or lower than the ETFs net asset
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value. The sale and redemption prices of ETF shares purchased from the issuer are based on the issuers net asset value.
Because ETFs are investment companies, investments in ETFs would, absent exemptive relief, be limited under applicable statutory limitations. Those limitations restrict the Funds investment in the shares of an ETF or other investment company to up to 5% of the Funds assets (which may represent no more than 3% of the securities of such ETF or other investment company) and limit aggregate investments in all ETFs and other investment companies to 10% of the Funds assets. The Fund may invest in one or more ETFs beyond the statutory limitations pursuant to an agreement with the ETF, provided that the Fund complies with the terms and conditions of the agreement and the conditions of the ETFs exemptive order.
Investments in Wholly-Owned Subsidiaries
It is expected that the Fund will invest in a wholly-owned foreign subsidiary company. To the extent the Fund invests in a foreign subsidiary, including indirectly through other GMO Funds, it will be indirectly exposed to the risks of any such subsidiarys investments.
As of the date of this SAI, the Fund invests in its foreign subsidiary, GMO Alternative Asset SPC Ltd. (Alternative Asset SPC). Alternative Asset SPC is a controlled foreign corporation (CFC) for U.S. federal tax purposes. As described in the Prospectus, Alternative Asset SPC invests primarily in swap contracts on commodities indices, commodities futures contracts, and other commodity-related derivatives, and in fixed income securities, but may also invest in any other investments in which the Fund may invest directly. The Fund is indirectly exposed to the risks of its subsidiarys investments. In particular, see Commodity-Related Investments above.
GMO serves as the investment manager to Alternative Asset SPC, but does not receive any additional management or other fees in respect of such services. In addition, State Street Bank and Trust Company, One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, serves as Alternative Asset SPCs custodian, transfer agent, and fund accounting agent.
Future changes in the securities, corporate, tax or other applicable laws of the United States and/or the jurisdiction in which the Funds foreign subsidiary is organized could result in the inability of the Fund and/or its foreign subsidiary to operate as described in the Prospectus or this SAI and could adversely affect the Fund and its shareholders. See Commodity-Related Investments above and Taxes below for more information.
Legal and Regulatory Risk
Legal, tax, and regulatory changes could occur during the term of the Fund that may adversely affect the Fund. New (or revised) laws or regulations or interpretations of existing law may be issued by the IRS or Treasury Department, the CFTC, the SEC, the U.S. Federal Reserve or other banking regulators, or other governmental regulatory authorities, or self-regulatory organizations that supervise the financial markets that could adversely affect the Fund. In particular, these agencies are empowered to promulgate a variety of new rules pursuant to recently enacted financial reform legislation in the United States. The Fund also may be adversely affected by changes in the enforcement or interpretation of existing statutes and rules by these governmental regulatory authorities or self-regulatory organizations. For example, there has been an increase in governmental, as well as self-regulatory, scrutiny of the alternative investment industry. It is impossible to predict what, if any, changes in regulations may occur,
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but any regulation that restricts the ability of the Fund or any Underlying Funds to trade in securities could have a material adverse impact on the Funds performance.
In addition, the securities and futures markets are subject to comprehensive statutes, regulations, and margin requirements. The CFTC, the SEC, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, other regulators, and self-regulatory organizations and exchanges are authorized to take extraordinary actions in the event of market emergencies. The regulation of securitization and derivatives transactions and funds that engage in such transactions is an evolving area of law and is subject to modification by government and judicial action.
The U.S. government has enacted legislation that provides for new regulation of the derivatives market, including clearing, margin, reporting and registration requirements. The CFTC, SEC, and other federal regulators have been tasked with developing the rules and regulations enacting the provisions of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the Dodd-Frank Act). The European Union (and some other countries) are implementing similar requirements that will affect the Fund when it enters into derivatives transactions with a counterparty organized in that country or otherwise subject to that countrys derivatives regulations.
The U.S. government and the European Union have proposed mandatory minimum margin requirements for bilateral derivatives. Such requirements could increase the amount of margin required to be provided by the Fund in connection with its derivatives transactions and, therefore, make derivatives transactions more expensive.
While certain of the rules are not effective, other rules are not yet final, so their ultimate impact remains unclear. New regulations could, among other things, restrict the Funds ability to engage in derivatives transactions (for example, by making certain types of derivatives transactions no longer available to the Fund) and/or increase the costs of such derivatives transactions, and the Fund may be unable to execute its investment strategy as a result.
The CFTC and certain futures exchanges have established limits, referred to as position limits, on the maximum net long or net short positions which any person may hold or control in particular options and futures contracts. The CFTC has proposed position limits for certain swaps. All positions owned or controlled by the same person or entity, even if in different accounts, may be aggregated for purposes of determining whether the applicable position limits have been exceeded. Thus, even if the Fund does not intend to exceed applicable position limits, it is possible that different clients managed by GMO and its affiliates may be aggregated for this purpose. Although it is possible that the trading decisions of GMO may have to be modified and that positions held by the Fund may have to be liquidated in order to avoid exceeding such limits, GMO believes that this is unlikely. The modification of investment decisions or the elimination of open positions, if it occurs, may adversely affect the profitability of the Fund.
The SEC has in the past adopted interim rules requiring reporting of all short positions above a certain de minimis threshold and may adopt rules requiring monthly public disclosure in the future. In addition, other non-U.S. jurisdictions where the Fund may trade have adopted reporting requirements. If the Funds short positions or its strategy become generally known, it could have a significant effect on GMOs ability to implement its investment strategy. In particular, it would make it more likely that other investors could cause a short squeeze in the securities held short by the Fund forcing the Fund to cover its positions at a loss. Such reporting requirements also may limit GMOs ability to access management and other personnel at certain
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companies where GMO seeks to take a short position. In addition, if other investors engage in copycat behavior by taking positions in the same issuers as the Fund, the cost of borrowing securities to sell short could increase drastically and the availability of such securities to the Fund could decrease drastically. Such events could make the Fund unable to execute its investment strategy. Short sales are also subject to certain SEC regulations. If the SEC were to adopt additional restrictions regarding short sales, they could restrict the Funds ability to engage in short sales in certain circumstances, and the Fund may be unable to execute its investment strategy as a result.
The SEC and regulatory authorities in other jurisdictions may adopt (and in certain cases, have adopted) bans on short sales of certain securities in response to market events. Bans on short selling may make it impossible for the Fund to execute certain investment strategies and may have a material adverse effect on the Funds ability to generate returns.
Recently adopted rules implementing the credit risk retention requirements of the Dodd-Frank Act for asset-backed securities require the sponsor of certain securitization vehicles to retain, and to refrain from transferring, selling, conveying to a third party, or hedging 5% of the credit risk in assets transferred, sold, or conveyed through the issuance of such vehicle, subject to certain exceptions. These requirements may increase the costs to originators, securitizers, and, in certain cases, collateral managers of securitization vehicles in which the Fund may invest, which costs could be passed along to the Fund as an investor in such transactions.
Investors should also be aware that some EU-regulated institutions (banks, certain investment firms, and authorized managers of alternative investment funds) are currently restricted from investing in securitizations (including U.S.-related securitizations), unless, in summary: (i) the institution is able to demonstrate that it has undertaken certain due diligence in respect of various matters, including its investment position, the underlying assets, and (in the case of authorized managers of alternative investment funds) the sponsor and the originator of the securitization; and (ii) the originator, sponsor, or original lender of the securitization has explicitly disclosed to the institution that it will retain, on an ongoing basis, a net economic interest of not less than five percent of specified credit risk tranches or asset exposures related to the securitization. In the future, EU insurance and reinsurance undertakings and UCITS funds are expected to become subject to similar restrictions. Although the requirements do not apply to the Fund directly, the costs of compliance, in the case of any securitization within the EU risk retention rules in which the Fund has invested or is seeking to invest, could be indirectly borne by the Fund and the other investors in the securitization.
ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
Merger Arbitrage Transactions
The Fund may engage in transactions in which the Fund purchases securities at prices below the value of the consideration GMO expects to be paid for them upon consummation of a proposed merger, exchange offer, tender offer, or other similar transaction (merger arbitrage transactions). The purchase price may substantially exceed the market prices of the securities before the announcement of the transaction.
If the Fund engages in a merger arbitrage transaction and that transaction later appears unlikely to be consummated or, in fact, is not consummated or is delayed, the market prices of the
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securities purchased by the Fund may decline sharply, resulting in losses to the Fund. The risk/reward payout of merger arbitrage strategies typically is asymmetric the losses in failed transactions often far exceeding the gains in successful transactions. A merger arbitrage transaction can fail for many reasons, including regulatory and antitrust restrictions, political motivations, industry weakness, stock specific events, failed financings, and general market declines.
Merger arbitrage strategies depend for success on the overall volume of merger activity, which has historically been cyclical. When merger activity is low, GMO may be unable to identify enough opportunities to provide sufficient diversification.
In conjunction with merger arbitrage transactions, the Fund may sell securities short in an effort to maximize risk-adjusted returns. For example, when the terms of a proposed acquisition call for an exchange of securities, the Fund may sell short the securities of the acquiring company to protect against a decline in the market value of those securities before the acquisitions completion. The Fund also may employ various hedging strategies to protect against market fluctuations or other risks, and also may use derivatives to increase, or reduce, long or short exposure to one or more asset classes or issuers.
Merger arbitrage strategies are subject to the risk of overall market movements, and the Fund may experience losses even if a transaction is consummated. The Funds investments in derivatives or short sales of securities to hedge or otherwise adjust long or short investment exposure in connection with a merger arbitrage transaction may not perform as expected or may otherwise reduce the Funds gains or increase its losses. At any given time, the Fund can become improperly hedged, which can lead to inadvertent market-related losses. Also, in certain transactions, the Fund may be unable to hedge against market fluctuations or other risks, and market movements can result in losses to the Fund even if the proposed transaction is consummated. In addition, to the extent the Fund sells securities short that GMO expects it to receive upon consummation of a transaction but it does not actually receive (and thus has an unintended naked short position), it may be required to cover its short position at a time when the securities sold short have appreciated in value, thus resulting in a loss.
The Funds merger arbitrage transactions could result in the realization of short-term capital gains by the Fund, which are generally taxed to shareholders at ordinary income tax rates when distributed.
Short Sales
The Fund may sell securities or currencies short as part of its investment program in an attempt to increase its returns or for hedging purposes. The Fund may make short sales against the box, meaning the Fund may make short sales where the Fund owns, or has the right to acquire at no added cost, securities or currencies identical to those sold short. If the Fund makes a short sale against the box, the Fund will not immediately deliver the securities or currencies sold and will not immediately receive the proceeds from the sale. However, with respect to securities, the Fund is required to hold securities equivalent in kind and amount to the securities sold short (or securities convertible or exchangeable into such securities) while the short sale is outstanding. Once the Fund closes out its short position by delivering the securities or currencies sold short, it will receive the proceeds of the sale. The Fund will incur transaction costs, including interest, in connection with opening, maintaining, and closing short sales against the box. Short sales expose the Fund to the risk that it will be required to acquire, convert, or exchange a security or
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currency to replace the borrowed security or currency when the security or currency sold short has appreciated in value, thus resulting in a loss to the Fund. In addition, the Fund is permitted to engage in short sales of securities or currencies, including securities or currencies that it does not own (i.e., short sales that are not against the box), in anticipation of a decline in the market value of that security or currency. To do so, the Fund borrows the security (e.g., shares of an ETF) or currency from a broker and sells it to a third party, pays to borrow the security or currency, and agrees to pay the broker any dividends or interest it receives on the borrowed security or currency. Purchasing securities or currencies to close out a short position can itself cause the price of the securities or currencies to rise further, thereby exacerbating any losses. To the extent the Fund sells short a security or currency it does not own, it also may have to pay borrowing fees to a broker and may be required to pay the broker any dividends or interest it receives on a borrowed security. To borrow the security or currency, the Fund also may be required to pay a premium, which would increase the cost of the security or currency sold. The net proceeds of the short sale will be retained by the broker, to the extent necessary to meet margin requirements, until the short position is closed out. The Fund also will incur transaction costs in effecting short sales that are not against the box.
The Fund will incur a loss as a result of a short sale if the price of the security or index or currency increases between the date of the short sale and the date on which the Fund replaces the borrowed security or currency. The Fund will realize a gain if the price of the security or currency declines between those dates. The amount of any gain will be decreased, and the amount of any loss increased, by the amount of the premium, dividends or interest the Fund may be required to pay in connection with a short sale. Short sales that are not against the box involve a form of investment leverage, and the amount of the Funds loss on such a short sale is theoretically unlimited. Under adverse market conditions, the Fund may have difficulty purchasing securities or currencies to meet its short sale delivery obligations, and may have to sell portfolio securities or currencies to raise the capital necessary to meet its short sale obligations at a time when it would be unfavorable to do so. If a request for return of borrowed securities and/or currencies occurs at a time when other short sellers of the securities and/or currencies are receiving similar requests, a short squeeze can occur, and the Fund may be compelled to replace borrowed securities and/or currencies previously sold short with purchases on the open market at the most disadvantageous time, possibly at prices significantly in excess of the proceeds received in originally selling the securities and/or currencies short. In addition, the Fund may have difficulty purchasing securities and/or currencies to meet its delivery obligations in the case of less liquid securities and/or currencies sold short by the Fund, such as certain emerging market country securities or securities of companies with smaller market capitalizations. The Fund also may create short investment exposure by taking a derivative position in which the value of the derivative moves in the opposite direction from the price of an underlying investment, pool of investments, index or currency. These derivative positions will typically expose the Fund to economic risks similar to those associated with shorting securities directly. Short sales of securities or currencies the Fund does not own and short derivative positions involve forms of investment leverage, and the amount of the Funds potential loss is theoretically unlimited.
There can be no assurance that the short positions that the Fund holds will act as an effective hedge against its long positions. Any decrease in negative correlation or increase in positive correlation between the positions GMO anticipated would be offsetting (such as short and long positions in securities or currencies held by the Fund) could result in significant losses for the Fund.
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To the extent GMO employs a hedging strategy for the Fund, the success of any such hedging strategy will depend, in part, upon GMOs ability to correctly assess the degree of correlation between the performance of the instruments used in the hedging strategy and the performance of the investments being hedged.
The Funds short sale transactions, including in connection with its merger arbitrage activities could result in the realization of short-term capital gains by the Fund, which are generally taxed to shareholders at ordinary income tax rates when distributed.
Introduction and Overview
Derivatives are financial contracts whose value depends on, or is derived from, the value of underlying assets, reference rates, or indices, to increase, decrease, or adjust elements of the investment exposures of the Funds portfolio. Derivatives may relate to securities, interest rates, currencies, currency exchange rates, inflation rates, commodities, and indices, and include foreign currency contracts, swap contracts, reverse repurchase agreements, and other exchange-traded and OTC contracts.
It is the policy of the Fund to comply with Section 18(f) of the 1940 Act and the Fund is permitted to use any practices permitted by or consistent with relevant SEC releases, no-action letters and other pronouncements.
This overview outlines various ways in which the Fund and any wholly-owned subsidiaries may use different types of exchange-traded and OTC derivatives in implementing their investment programs. It is intended to supplement the information included in the Prospectus, including the risks associated with derivatives described under Description of Principal Risks in the Prospectus, and the information provided in the Fund Investments and Descriptions and Risks of Fund Investments sections above. As indicated in the Prospectus and above, the Fund may use the derivatives and engage in the derivatives strategies described below directly and/or indirectly through its investments in subsidiaries. This overview, however, is not intended to be exhaustive and the Fund may use types of derivatives and/or employ derivatives strategies not otherwise described in this SAI or the Prospectus.
In addition, the Fund may decide not to employ any of the strategies described below, and no assurance can be given that any strategy used will succeed. Also, suitable derivatives transactions may not be available in all circumstances and there can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to identify or employ a desirable derivatives transaction at any time or from time to time, or that any such transactions will be successful.
The Fund may take advantage of instruments and any security or synthetic or derivative instruments which are not presently contemplated for use by the Fund or which are not currently available, but which may be developed, to the extent such opportunities are both consistent with the Funds investment objective and legally permissible for the Fund. The Fund may become a party to various other customized derivative instruments entitling the counterparty to certain payments on the gain or loss on the value of an underlying or referenced instrument.
Note: Unless otherwise noted below in this section, the uses of derivatives discussed herein with respect to the Fund only refer to the Funds direct use of such derivatives. As indicated in the
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Prospectus and in the Fund Investments section above, the Fund may invest in other GMO Funds and in wholly-owned subsidiaries, which, in turn, may use types of derivatives and/or employ derivatives strategies that differ from those described in this SAI or the Prospectus.
Function of Derivatives in the Fund. The Fund may use exchange-traded and OTC financial derivatives as an integral part of its investment program. The Fund uses exchange traded futures and forward contracts as an integral part of its investment program. In addition, specific market conditions may influence GMOs choice of derivatives and derivatives strategies for the Fund, in some cases to a significant extent.
Legal and Regulatory Risk Relating to Derivatives. As described above under Descriptions and Risks of Fund Investments Legal and Regulatory Risk, the U.S. government, the European Union, and some other countries have enacted legislation that includes provisions for new regulation of the derivatives market, including clearing, margin, reporting, and registration requirements. Because the legislation leaves much to rule making (and many of the rules are not yet final), its ultimate impact remains unclear. The regulatory changes could, among other things, restrict the Funds ability to engage in derivatives transactions (including because certain types of derivatives transactions may no longer be available to the Fund) and/or increase the costs of such derivatives transactions (including through increased margin or capital requirements), and the Fund may be unable to execute its investment strategy as a result.
Use of Derivatives by the Fund
The Fund may use derivatives to gain long and/or short investment exposure to global equities, bonds, currencies, commodities, or other assets. In particular, the Fund may use exchange traded futures and forward foreign exchange contracts to gain exposure to a range of global equity, bond, currency, and commodity markets. The Fund also may use currency derivatives (including forward currency contracts, futures contracts, swap contracts and options) to gain exposure to a given currency.
The Fund may use derivatives in an attempt to adjust its investment exposures. For example, the Fund may use credit default swaps to take a short position with respect to the likelihood of default by an issuer. The Fund also may use currency derivatives in an attempt to reduce (which may result in a reduction below zero) some aspect of the currency exposure in its portfolio. For these purposes, the Fund may use an instrument denominated in a different currency that GMO believes is highly correlated with the relevant currency.
The Fund may use derivatives, such as futures, related options, and swap contracts, in an attempt to adjust elements of its investment exposures to individual commodities, various securities, sectors, markets, indices and currencies without actually having to sell existing investments or make new direct investments. For example, if the Fund holds a large proportion of a certain type of security or commodity and GMO believes that another security or commodity will outperform such security or commodity, the Fund might use a short futures contract on an appropriate index (to synthetically sell a portion of the Funds portfolio) in combination with a long futures contract on another index (to synthetically buy exposure to that index). Long and short swap contracts and contracts for differences also may be used for these purposes. Derivatives used to effect synthetic sales and purchases will generally be unwound as actual portfolio securities are sold and purchased. In addition, GMO may alter the interest rate exposure of debt instruments by employing interest rate swaps. Such a strategy is designed to maintain the Funds exposure to the credit of an issuer through the debt instrument but adjust the Funds interest rate exposure
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through the swap. With these swaps, the Fund and its counterparties exchange interest rate exposure, such as fixed versus variable rates and shorter duration versus longer duration exposure. In adjusting its investment exposure, the Fund also may use currency derivatives in an attempt to adjust its currency exposure, seeking currency exposure that is different (in some cases, significantly different) from the currencies in which their equities are traded.
The Fund is not limited in its use of derivatives or in the total notional value of its derivative positions. As a result of its derivative positions, the Fund will typically have gross investment exposures in excess of its net assets (i.e., the Fund will be leveraged) and therefore is subject to heightened risk of loss. The Funds performance can depend substantially, if not primarily, on the performance of assets or indices underlying its derivatives even though it does not own those assets or indices.
Fundamental Restrictions:
The following are Fundamental Investment Restrictions of the Fund, which may not be changed without shareholder approval:
(1) The Fund may not borrow money except under the following circumstances: (i) The Fund may borrow money from banks so long as after such a transaction, the total assets (including the amount borrowed) less liabilities other than debt obligations, represent at least 300% of outstanding debt obligations; (ii) The Fund may also borrow amounts equal to an additional 5% of its total assets without regard to the foregoing limitation for temporary purposes, such as for the clearance and settlement of portfolio transactions and to meet shareholder redemption requests; and (iii) The Fund may enter into transactions that are technically borrowings under the 1940 Act because they involve the sale of a security coupled with an agreement to repurchase that security (e.g., reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls, and other similar investment techniques) without regard to the asset coverage restriction described in (i) above, so long as and to the extent that the Funds custodian earmarks and maintains cash and/or high-grade debt securities equal in value to its obligations in respect of these transactions.
Under current pronouncements of the SEC staff, the above types of transactions are not treated as involving senior securities so long as and to the extent that the Fund maintains liquid assets equal in value to its obligations in respect of these transactions.
(2) The Fund may not underwrite securities issued by other persons except to the extent that, in connection with the disposition of its portfolio investments, it may be deemed to be an underwriter under federal securities laws.
(3) The Fund may not purchase or sell real estate, although it may purchase securities of issuers which deal in real estate, including securities of real estate investment trusts, and may purchase securities which are secured by interests in real estate.
(4) The Fund may not make loans, except by purchase of debt obligations or by entering into repurchase agreements or through the lending of the Funds portfolio securities. Loans of portfolio securities may be made with respect to up to 33 1/3% of the Funds total assets.
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(5) The Fund may not concentrate more than 25% of the value of its total assets in any one industry.
For purposes of this Fundamental Restriction (5) the U.S. government and its agencies and instrumentalities shall not be considered to be an industry.
(6) The Fund may not purchase commodities, except that the Fund may purchase and sell commodity contracts or any type of commodity-related derivatives (including, without limitation, all types of commodity-related swaps, futures contracts, forward contracts and options contracts).
For purposes of this Fundamental Restriction (6), at the time of the establishment of the restriction, swap contracts on financial instruments or rates were not within the understanding of the terms commodities or commodity contracts, and notwithstanding any federal legislation or regulatory action by the CFTC that subject such swaps to regulation by the CFTC, the Fund will not consider such instruments to be commodities or commodity contracts for purposes of this restriction.
(7) The Fund may not issue senior securities, as defined in the 1940 Act and as amplified by rules, regulations and pronouncements of the SEC.
The SEC has concluded that even though reverse repurchase agreements, firm commitment agreements, and standby commitment agreements fall within the functional meaning of the term evidence of indebtedness, the issue of compliance with Section 18 of the 1940 Act will not be raised with the SEC by the Division of Investment Management if the Fund covers such obligations or maintains liquid assets equal in value to its obligations with respect to these transactions. Similarly, so long as such assets are maintained, the issue of compliance with Section 18 will not be raised with respect to any of the following: any swap contract or contract for differences; any pledge or encumbrance of assets permitted by Non-Fundamental Restriction (4) below; any borrowing permitted by Fundamental Restriction (1) above; any collateral arrangements with respect to initial and variation margin; and the purchase or sale of options, forward contracts, futures contracts or options on futures contracts.
Non-Fundamental Restrictions:
The following are Non-Fundamental Investment Restrictions of the Fund, which may be changed by the Trustees without shareholder approval:
(1) The Fund may not make investments for the purpose of gaining control of a companys management.
This restriction shall not apply with respect to the Funds investments in one or more wholly-owned subsidiaries.
(2) The Fund may not invest more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities.
Except as indicated above in Fundamental Restriction (1), all percentage limitations on investments set forth herein and in the Prospectus will apply at the time of the making of an investment and shall not be considered violated unless an excess or deficiency occurs or exists immediately after and as a result of such investment.
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For purposes of determining compliance with the Funds policy not to concentrate investments in a particular industry, futures contracts will be valued at current market value (not notional value).
The phrase shareholder approval, as used in the Prospectus and in this SAI, and the phrases vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities and the approval of shareholders, as used herein with respect to the Fund, mean the affirmative vote of the lesser of (1) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of that Fund, or (2) 67% or more of the shares of that Fund present at a meeting if more than 50% of the outstanding shares are represented at the meeting in person or by proxy. Except for policies and restrictions that are explicitly described as fundamental in the Prospectus or this SAI, the investment policies and restrictions of the Fund may be changed by the Trusts Trustees without the approval of shareholders of that Fund. Policies and restrictions of the Fund that are explicitly described as fundamental in the Prospectus or this SAI cannot be changed without the approval of shareholders of that Fund.
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
The net asset value (or NAV) of each class of shares of the Fund is determined as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally at 4:00 p.m. Eastern time. Current net asset value per share for each class of shares of the Fund is available at www.gmo.com.
The NAV per share of a class of shares of the Fund is determined by dividing the total value of the Funds portfolio investments and other assets, less any liabilities, allocated to that share class by the total number of outstanding shares of that class. NAV is not determined (and accordingly transactions in shares of the Fund are not processed) on any days when either the NYSE or the U.S. bond markets are closed. For these purposes, the U.S. bond markets are deemed to be closed on the dates that the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association recommends a full close for the trading of U.S. dollar-denominated fixed income securities in the United States.
The Fund also may elect not to determine NAV on days during which no share is tendered for redemption and no order to purchase or sell a share is received by that Fund. Please refer to Determination of Net Asset Value in the Prospectus for additional information. In addition, to the extent the Fund holds portfolio securities listed on non-U.S. exchanges that trade on days on which the NYSE or the U.S. bond markets are closed, the net value of the Funds assets may change significantly on days when shares cannot be redeemed.
Although GMO normally does not evaluate pricing sources on a day-to-day basis, it does evaluate pricing sources on an ongoing basis and may change a pricing source at any time. GMO monitors erratic or unusual movements (including unusual inactivity) in the prices supplied for a security and has discretion to override a price supplied by a source (e.g., by taking a price supplied by another) when it believes that the price supplied is not reliable. Alternative pricing sources are often but not always available for securities held by the Fund, although the prices supplied by those alternative sources do not necessarily align with the prices supplied by primary pricing sources.
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The Prospectus describes the distribution policies of the Fund under the heading Distributions and Taxes. The Fund generally maintains a policy to pay its shareholders, as dividends, substantially all net investment income, if any, and substantially all net realized capital gains, if any, after offsetting any available capital loss carryforwards. The Fund generally maintains a policy to make distributions at least annually, sufficient to avoid the imposition of a nondeductible 4% excise tax on certain undistributed amounts of ordinary income and net realized capital gain. The Fund may also make unscheduled distributions of net investment income, short-term capital gains, and/or long-term capital gains from time to time and at its sole discretion, including prior to large redemptions by shareholders from the Fund. From time to time or as otherwise provided in the Prospectus, distributions by the Fund could constitute, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a return of capital to shareholders (see discussion in Taxes below).
Except as specifically noted below, the following discussion is a general summary of the principal U.S. federal income tax consequences to shareholders who are U.S. citizens, residents, or corporations. The consequences under other tax laws may differ. This discussion does not address all aspects of taxation that may be relevant to particular shareholders in light of their own investment or tax circumstances, or to particular types of shareholders (including insurance companies, financial institutions or brokers, tax-exempt entities, foreign corporations, and persons who are not citizens or residents of the United States) subject to special treatment under the U.S. federal income tax laws. This summary is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (previously defined above as the Code), the regulations thereunder, published rulings, and court decisions, all as currently in effect. These laws are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive basis. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers about the precise tax consequences of an investment in the Fund in light of their particular tax situation, including possible non-U.S., state, local, or other applicable tax laws (including the federal alternative minimum tax).
Special tax rules apply to investments through defined contribution plans and other tax-qualified plans. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers to determine the suitability of shares of the Fund as an investment through such plans. The Funds shareholders may include certain GMO Funds, including GMO Funds not offered in this SAI, some of which are RICs as defined by Subchapter M of the Code. The summary below does not address tax consequences to shareholders of those other GMO Funds. Shareholders of those other GMO Funds should refer to the prospectuses or private placement memoranda, as applicable, and statements of additional information for those GMO Funds for a summary of the tax consequences applicable to them.
Tax Status and Taxation of the Fund
The Fund is treated as a separate taxable entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The Fund intends to elect to be treated and intends to qualify and be treated each year as a regulated investment company (RIC) under Subchapter M of the Code. In order to qualify for the special tax treatment accorded RICs and their shareholders, the Fund must, among other things:
(a) | derive at least 90% of its gross income for each taxable year from (i) dividends, interest, |
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payments with respect to certain securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities, or foreign currencies, or other income (including but not limited to gains from options, futures, or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities, or currencies and (ii) net income derived from interests in qualified publicly traded partnerships (as defined below); |
(b) | diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of the Funds taxable year, (i) at least 50% of the market value of the Funds total assets consists of cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs, and other securities limited in respect of any one issuer to a value not greater than 5% of the value of the Funds total assets and not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of the Funds total assets is invested, including through corporations in which the Fund owns a 20% or more voting stock interest in the securities (other than those of the U.S. government or RICs) of any one issuer or of two or more issuers which the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same, similar, or related trades or businesses, or in the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships (as defined below); and |
(c) | distribute with respect to each taxable year at least 90% of the sum of its investment company taxable income (as that term is defined in the Code without regard to the deduction for dividends paid generally, taxable ordinary income and the excess, if any, of net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses) and any net tax-exempt interest income for such year. |
In general, for purposes of the 90% gross income requirement described in paragraph (a) above, income derived from a partnership will be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such income is attributable to items of income of the partnership which would be qualifying income if realized directly by the RIC. However, 100% of the net income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership (defined generally as a partnership (i) the interests in which are traded on an established securities market or are readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof; (ii) that derives at least 90% of its income from passive income sources defined in Section 7704(d) of the Code; and (iii) that derives less than 90% of its income from the qualifying income described in paragraph (a)(i) above) will be treated as qualifying income. In general, such entities will be treated as partnerships for federal income tax purposes because they meet the passive income requirement under Section 7704(c)(2) of the Code. In addition, although in general the passive loss rules of the Code do not apply to RICs, such rules do apply to a RIC with respect to items attributable to an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership. Further, for the purposes of the diversification test in paragraph (b) above: (i) the term outstanding voting securities of such issuer will include the equity securities of a qualified publicly traded partnership, and (ii) identification of the issuer (or, in some cases, issuers) of a particular Fund investment can depend on the terms and conditions of that investment. In some cases, identification of the issuer (or issuers) is uncertain under current law, and an adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS with respect to issuer identification for a particular type of investment may adversely affect the Funds ability to meet the diversification test in (b) above.
If the Fund qualifies as a RIC that is accorded special tax treatment, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on income distributed in a timely manner to its shareholders in the form of dividends (including Capital Gain Dividends, as defined below).
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As described above, the Fund intends generally to distribute at least annually to its shareholders its net investment income (including any net tax-exempt interest income), if any, and its net realized capital gains (including both net short-term and long-term capital gains), if any. Any net taxable investment income or net short-term capital gains (as reduced by any net long-term capital losses) retained by the Fund will be subject to tax at the Fund level at regular corporate rates. Although the Fund intends generally to distribute all of its net capital gain (i.e., the excess of any net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses) each year, the Fund reserves the right to retain for investment all or a portion of its net capital gain. If the Fund retains any net capital gain, it will be subject to tax at the Fund level at regular corporate rates on the amount retained. In that case, the Fund is permitted to designate the retained amount as undistributed capital gains in a timely notice to its shareholders, who would then, in turn, be (i) required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their shares of such undistributed amount, and (ii) entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the tax paid by the Fund on such undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds on a properly filed U.S. tax return to the extent the credit exceeds such liabilities. If the Fund properly makes this designation, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the tax basis of shares owned by a shareholder of the Fund will be increased by an amount equal under current law to the difference between the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholders gross income under clause (i) of the preceding sentence and the tax deemed paid by the shareholder under clause (ii) of the preceding sentence. The Fund is not required to, and there can be no assurance that the Fund will, make this designation if it retains all or a portion of its net capital gain in a taxable year.
In determining its net capital gain, including in connection with determining the amount available to support a Capital Gain Dividend (as defined below), its taxable income, and its earnings and profits, the Fund generally may elect to treat part or all of any post-October capital loss (defined as any net capital loss attributable to the portion of the taxable year after October 31 or, if there is no such loss, the net long-term capital loss or net short-term capital loss attributable to such portion of the taxable year), or late-year ordinary loss (generally, the sum of its (i) net ordinary loss from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of property, attributable to the portion of the taxable year after October 31, and its (ii) other net ordinary loss attributable to the portion of the taxable year after December 31) as if incurred in the succeeding taxable year.
If the Fund were to fail to distribute in a calendar year at least an amount generally equal to the sum of 98% of its ordinary income for such calendar year and 98.2% of its capital gain net income for the one-year period ending October 31 within that year, plus any such retained amounts from the prior year, the Fund would be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax on the undistributed amounts. The Fund intends generally to make distributions sufficient to avoid imposition of the 4% excise tax, although the Fund reserves the right to pay an excise tax rather than make an additional distribution when circumstances warrant (e.g., the payment of the excise tax amount is deemed by the Fund to be de minimis).
Realized capital losses in excess of realized capital gains (Net Capital Losses) are not permitted to be deducted against net investment income. Instead, potentially subject to the limitations described below, the Fund will carry Net Capital Losses forward from any taxable year to subsequent taxable years to offset capital gains, if any, realized during such subsequent taxable years. Distributions from capital gains are generally made after applying any available capital loss carryforwards. Capital loss carryforwards are reduced to the extent they offset current-year net realized capital gains, whether the Fund retains or distributes such gains.
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If the Fund incurs Net Capital Losses, those losses will be carried forward to one or more subsequent taxable years, and will be treated as realized on the first day of the taxable year in which it is used to reduce capital gain, without expiration; any such carryforward losses will generally retain their character as short-term or long-term and will be applied first against gains of the same character before offsetting gains of a different character (e.g., Net Capital Losses resulting from previously realized net long-term losses will first offset any long-term capital gain, with any remaining amounts available to offset any net short-term capital gain). See the Funds most recent annual shareholder report for more information concerning the Funds Net Capital Losses available to be carried forward, if any, as of the end of its most recently ended fiscal year.
In addition, the Funds ability to use Net Capital Losses may be limited following the occurrence of certain (i) acquisitive reorganizations and (ii) shifts in the ownership of the Fund by a shareholder owning or treated as owning 5% or more of the shares of the Fund (each, an ownership change). The Code may similarly limit the Funds ability to use any of its other capital losses, or ordinary losses, that have accrued but have not been recognized (i.e., built-in losses) at the time of an ownership change to the extent they are realized within the five-year period following the ownership change.
The Fund will make investments through a foreign subsidiary. Any such subsidiary will be a controlled foreign corporation (previously defined above as a CFC) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. See Tax Implications of Certain Investments below for more information.
Transactions in Fund Shares
The sale, exchange, or redemption of Fund shares generally will give rise to a taxable gain or loss, generally equal to the difference between the amount realized by a shareholder on the disposition of the shares (that is, gross proceeds) and the shareholders adjusted basis in those shares. To the extent a shareholders account is subject to U.S. federal tax reporting (including an account for which a shareholder has informed the Fund that it would like to receive informational only U.S. federal tax reporting), the Fund generally will provide cost basis information (on an IRS Form 1099-B) to the IRS and to the shareholders with respect to Fund shares newly purchased on or after December 1, 2015, and held in such accounts, when such shares are subsequently redeemed or exchanged. The Fund is required to use the particular cost basis reporting method (e.g., average cost basis, first in first out, specific share identification) selected by the shareholder in reporting such adjusted basis information, and if a shareholder fails to select a particular method, use the Funds default method. This reporting is generally not required for Fund shares held in a retirement or other tax-advantaged account, unless a shareholder has opted for informational only reporting as described above. Shareholders should contact the Fund for more information about how to select a particular cost basis accounting method, as well as for information about the Funds particular default method.
Shareholders also should consult their tax advisers concerning the application of these rules to their investment in the Fund, and for advice about selecting a cost basis accounting method suitable for them in light of their particular circumstances. Shares of the Fund newly purchased before December 1, 2015, generally are not subject to these rules, and shareholders are responsible for keeping track of their own cost basis in these shares.
If a shareholder has purchased shares of the Fund through an intermediary, in general, the intermediary and not the Fund will be responsible for providing the cost basis and related
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reporting described above to the shareholder, including pursuant to the intermediarys available cost basis accounting methods. Thus, shareholders purchasing shares through an intermediary, should contact the intermediary for more information about how to select a particular cost basis accounting method in respect of shares newly purchased on or after December 1, 2015, as well as for information about the intermediarys particular default method.
In general, any gain or loss realized upon a taxable disposition of shares will be treated as long-term capital gain if the shares have been held for more than one year and as short-term capital gain if the shares have been held for not more than one year. However, if the Fund were to be deemed a nonpublicly offered RIC as described under Limitation on Deductibility of Fund Expenses below, depending on a shareholders percentage ownership in the Fund, a shareholders partial redemption of Fund shares could cause the shareholder to be treated as receiving a so-called section 301 distribution, treated, to the extent of such distributions allocable share of the Funds current and accumulated earnings and profits, as a dividend taxable under the rules applicable to dividends and distributions described below, rather than capital gain income realized in exchange for Fund shares. If a redeeming shareholder were treated as receiving a dividend, there would be a risk that other shareholders of the Fund, whose percentage interests in the Fund increase as a result of such redemption, would be treated as having a taxable distribution from the Fund. In this case, a shareholder would generally not be able to recognize any losses on the redeemed Fund shares. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers regarding the proper tax treatment of their redemptions from the Fund.
Any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares held by a shareholder for six months or less generally will be treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of any Capital Gain Dividends, as defined below, received or deemed received by a shareholder with respect to those shares. Further, all or a portion of any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares will be disallowed under the Codes wash-sale rules if other shares of the same Fund are purchased, including by means of dividend reinvestment, within 30 days before or after the disposition. In such a case, the basis of the newly purchased shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.
Taxation of Fund Distributions
Fund distributions are taxable to shareholders under the rules described below whether received in cash or reinvested in additional Fund shares.
Dividends and distributions on the Funds shares are generally subject to U.S. federal income tax as described below to the extent they do not exceed the Funds realized income and gains, even though such dividends and distributions may economically represent a return of a particular shareholders investment. Such dividends and distributions are likely to occur in respect of shares purchased at a time when the Funds net asset value reflects unrealized gains, or realized but undistributed income or gains that were therefore included in the price the shareholder paid for its shares. Such distributions may reduce the net asset value of the Funds shares below the shareholders cost basis in those shares. Such realized income and gains may be required to be distributed even when the Funds net asset value also reflects unrealized losses.
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income made by the Fund are generally taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Taxes on distributions of capital gains are determined by how long the Fund owned the investments that generated them, rather than how long a shareholder may have owned shares in the Fund. In general, the Fund will recognize
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long-term capital gain or loss on investments it has owned for more than one year, and short-term capital gain or loss on investments it has owned for one year or less. Tax rules can alter the Funds holding period in investments and thereby affect the tax treatment of gain or loss on such investments. Distributions of net capital gains (that is, the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss, in each case determined with reference to capital loss carryforwards) that are properly reported by the Fund as capital gain dividends (Capital Gain Dividends) generally are taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gains. Distributions attributable to net short-term capital gain (as reduced by any net long-term capital loss for the taxable year, in each case determined with reference to capital loss carryforwards) generally are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income.
Distributions of investment income properly reported by the Fund as derived from qualified dividend income will be taxable to shareholders taxed as individuals at the rates applicable to long-term capital gain, provided holding period and other requirements are met at both the shareholder and Fund levels.
In order for some portion of the dividends received by the Fund shareholder to be qualified dividend income, the Fund must meet holding period and other requirements with respect to some portion of the dividend-paying stocks in its portfolio and the shareholder must meet holding period and other requirements with respect to the Funds shares. In general, a dividend will not be treated as qualified dividend income (at either the Fund or shareholder level) (i) if the dividend is received with respect to any share of stock held for fewer than 61 days during the 121-day period beginning on the date which is 60 days before the date on which such share becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend (or, in the case of certain preferred stock, 91 days during the 181-day period beginning 90 days before such date); (ii) to the extent that the recipient is under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property; (iii) if the recipient elects to have the dividend income treated as investment income for purposes of the limitation on deductibility of investment interest; or (iv) if the dividend is received from a foreign corporation that is (A) not eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty with the United States (with the exception of dividends paid on stock of such a foreign corporation readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States) or (B) treated as a passive foreign investment company (as defined below).
In general, distributions of investment income reported by the Fund as derived from qualified dividend income will be treated as qualified dividend income in the hands of a shareholder taxed as an individual, provided the shareholder meets the holding period and other requirements described above with respect to the Funds shares. If the above described holding period and other requirements are met at both the shareholder and Fund level, qualified dividend income will be taxed in the hands of individuals at the rates applicable to long-term capital gain. If the aggregate qualified dividend income received by the Fund during any taxable year is 95% or more of its gross income, then 100% of the Funds dividends (other than Capital Gain Dividends) will be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income. For this purpose, the only gain included in the term gross income is the excess of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss.
For information regarding qualified dividend income received by the Fund from certain Underlying Funds, see Special Tax Considerations Pertaining to the Funds Investment in Underlying Funds below.
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If the Fund receives dividends from an Underlying Fund, including an ETF, that is treated as a RIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes (Underlying RIC), and the Underlying RIC reports such dividends as qualified dividend income, then the Fund is permitted, in turn, to report a portion of its distributions as qualified dividend income, provided that the Fund meets the holding period and other requirements with respect to shares of the Underlying RIC.
For corporate shareholders (other than S corporations), the 70% dividends-received deduction will generally apply (subject to holding period and other requirements imposed by the Code) to the Funds dividends paid from investment income to the extent derived from dividends received from U.S. corporations for the taxable year. A dividend received by the Fund from a U.S. corporation will not be treated as a dividend eligible for the dividends-received deduction (1) if it has been received with respect to any share of stock that the Fund has held for less than 46 days (91 days in the case of certain preferred stock) during the 91-day period beginning on the date which is 45 days before the date on which such share becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend (during the 181-day period beginning 90 days before such date in the case of certain preferred stock) or (2) to the extent that the Fund is under an obligation (pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property. Moreover, the dividends received deduction may otherwise be disallowed or reduced (1) if the corporate shareholder fails to satisfy the foregoing requirements with respect to its shares of the Fund or (2) by application of various provisions of the Code (for instance, the dividends-received deduction is reduced in the case of a dividend received on debt-financed portfolio stock (generally, stock acquired with borrowed funds)). For information regarding eligibility for the dividends-received deduction of dividends received by the Fund from certain Underlying Funds, see Special Tax Considerations Pertaining to the Funds Investment in Underlying Funds below.
To the extent the Fund invests in its foreign subsidiary, it does not expect that income from such subsidiary will be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income. In addition, the Fund does not expect that distributions from such subsidiary will be eligible for the corporate dividends-received deduction.
A portion of the original issue discount (OID) accrued on certain high yield discount obligations may not be deductible to the issuer as interest and will instead be treated as a dividend for purposes of the corporate dividends-received deduction. In such cases, if the issuer of the high yield discount obligations is a domestic corporation, dividend payments by the Fund may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction to the extent attributable to the deemed dividend portion of such OID. See Tax Implications of Certain Investments below for more discussion of OID.
To the extent that the Fund makes a distribution of income that is attributable to (i) income received by the Fund in lieu of dividends with respect to securities on loan pursuant to a securities lending transaction or (ii) dividend income received by the Fund on securities it temporarily purchased from a counterparty pursuant to a repurchase agreement treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a loan, such distribution will not constitute qualified dividend income to individual shareholders and will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction for corporate shareholders.
The Code generally imposes a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on the net investment income of certain individuals, trusts, and estates to the extent their income exceeds certain threshold amounts. For these purposes, net investment income generally includes, among other things,
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(i) distributions paid by the Fund of ordinary dividends and capital gain dividends as described above, and (ii) any net gain from the sale, redemption or exchange of Fund shares. Shareholders are advised to consult their tax advisers regarding the possible implications of this additional tax on their investment in the Fund.
In any taxable year, the Fund may make a distribution to its shareholders in excess of its current and accumulated earnings and profits (a Return of Capital Distribution), in which case the excess distribution will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of each shareholders tax basis in its shares, and thereafter as capital gain. A return of capital is not taxable to the extent such an amount does not exceed a shareholders tax basis. Return of Capital Distributions reduce a shareholders tax basis in its shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition by such shareholder of the shares.
A distribution paid to shareholders by the Fund in January of a year generally is deemed to have been received by shareholders on December 31 of the preceding year, if the distribution was declared and payable to shareholders of record on a date in October, November, or December of that preceding year.
The Fund may make distributions in excess of net investment income and net realized capital gain for the taxable year that are nonetheless supported by earnings and profits. In such cases, the distributions will be taxable as ordinary dividends, even though the distributed excess amounts would not have been subject to tax if retained by the Fund.
Early each calendar year, the Trust will provide U.S. federal tax information, including information about the character and amount of dividends and distributions paid during the preceding year, to taxable investors and others requesting such information (generally on an IRS Form 1099). In certain cases, the Fund may be required to amend tax information reported to shareholders in respect of a particular year. In this event, shareholders may be required to file amended U.S. federal income or other tax returns in respect of such amended information and pay additional taxes (including potentially interest and penalties), and may incur other related costs. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers in this regard.
Limitation on Deductibility of Fund Expenses
The Fund will be considered to be a nonpublicly offered RIC if its shares are not continuously offered pursuant to a public offering within the meaning of the 1933 Act. Very generally, pursuant to Treasury regulations, expenses of nonpublicly offered RICs, except those expenses specific to their status as a RIC or separate entity (e.g., registration fees or transfer agency fees), are subject to special pass-through rules. A RIC is nonpublicly offered if it has fewer than 500 shareholders at any time during a taxable year, and its shares are not continuously offered pursuant to a public offering. In the event that the Fund were deemed to be a nonpublicly offered RIC, the affected expenses (which include Management Fees) would be treated as additional dividends to certain Fund shareholders (generally including individuals and entities that compute their taxable income in the same manner as individuals) and would be deductible by those shareholders, subject to the 2% floor on miscellaneous itemized deductions and other significant limitations on itemized deductions set forth in the Code.
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Tax Implications of Certain Investments
The Funds transactions in derivative instruments (e.g., swap agreements, options, futures or forward contracts), as well as any of its other hedging, short sales, or similar transactions, may be subject to one or more special tax rules (e.g., notional principal contract, straddle, constructive sale, wash-sale, and short-sale rules). These rules, the application of which in any given instance may not be clear, may affect whether gains and losses recognized by the Fund are treated as ordinary or capital and/or as short-term or long-term, accelerate the recognition of income or gains to the Fund, defer losses, and cause adjustments in the holding periods of the Funds investments. The rules could therefore affect the amount, timing, and/or character of distributions to shareholders.
The Fund may make extensive use of various types of derivative financial instruments to the extent consistent with its investment policies and restrictions. The tax rules applicable to swaps and other derivative financial instruments are in some cases uncertain under current law, including under Subchapter M of the Code. Accordingly, while the Fund intends to account for such transactions in a manner they deem to be appropriate, an adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS with respect to one or more of these rules (which determination or guidance could be retroactive) may adversely affect the Funds ability to meet one or more of the relevant requirements to maintain its qualification as a RIC, as well as to avoid a fund-level tax. See Loss of RIC Status below.
To the extent the Fund participates in short sales, including in connection with its merger arbitrage activities, by contracting for the sale of stock it does not own and later purchasing stock necessary to close the sale, the character of the gain or loss realized on such a short sale is determined by reference to the property used to close the short sale and is thus generally short-term. Because net short-term capital gain (after reduction by any long-term capital loss) is generally taxed at ordinary income rates, the Funds short sale transactions will likely increase the percentage of the Funds gains that are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income.
The tax treatment of certain futures contracts, including certain short positions, entered into by the Fund as well as listed non-equity options written or purchased by the Fund on certain U.S. and non-U.S. exchanges (including options on futures contracts, equity indices, and debt securities) will be governed by Section 1256 of the Code (Section 1256 contracts). Gains or losses on Section 1256 contracts generally are considered 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gains or losses (60/40), although certain foreign currency gains and losses from such contracts may be treated as ordinary in character. Also, Section 1256 contracts held by the Fund at the end of each taxable year (and, for purposes of the 4% excise tax, on certain other dates as prescribed under the Code) are marked to market, with the result that unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized and the resulting gain or loss is treated as ordinary or 60/40 gain or loss, as applicable.
Certain investments made and investment practices engaged in by the Fund can produce a difference between its book income and its taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any). These can include, but are not limited to, certain hedging activities, as well as investments in foreign currencies, foreign currency-denominated debt instruments, Section 1256 contracts, passive foreign investment companies (as defined below), and debt obligations with discount or purchased at a premium. In addition, certain foreign currency transactions associated with the redemption of the Funds shares (in the case where the Fund permits redemption of its shares in foreign currencies) may produce a difference between the Funds book income and its taxable
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income. If the Funds book income exceeds the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt interest income (if any), the distribution (if any) of such excess generally will be treated as (i) a dividend to the extent of the Funds remaining earnings and profits (including earnings and profits arising from tax-exempt interest income (if any)); (ii) thereafter, as a return of capital to the extent of the recipients basis in its shares; and (iii) thereafter, as gain from the sale or exchange of a capital asset. If the Funds book income is less than the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any), the Fund could be required to make distributions exceeding book income to qualify as a RIC that is accorded special tax treatment.
Any transactions by the Fund in foreign currencies, foreign currency-denominated debt obligations, or certain foreign currency options, futures contracts, or forward contracts (or similar instruments) may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency concerned and, as described above, can give rise to differences between the Funds book and taxable income. Such ordinary income treatment may accelerate Fund distributions to shareholders and increase the distributions taxed to shareholders as ordinary income. Any net ordinary losses so created cannot be carried forward by the Fund to offset income or gains earned in subsequent taxable years.
In general, option premiums received by the Fund are not immediately included in the income of the Fund. Instead, the premiums generally are recognized when the option contract expires, the option is exercised by the holder, or the Fund transfers or otherwise terminates the option (e.g., through a closing transaction). The remainder of this paragraph describes the general tax consequences to the Fund of writing a put or call option that is not subject to one or more of the special rules described in the immediately following paragraphs. If securities or other assets are purchased by the Fund pursuant to the exercise of a put option written by it, the Fund generally will subtract the premium received from its cost basis in the securities or other assets purchased. If a call option written by the Fund is exercised and the Fund sells or delivers the underlying securities or other assets, the Fund generally will recognize capital gain or loss equal to (i) the sum of the strike price and the option premium received by the Fund minus (ii) the Funds basis in the underlying securities or other assets. Such gain or loss generally will be short-term or long-term depending upon the holding period of the underlying securities or other assets. The gain or loss with respect to any termination of the Funds obligation under an option other than through the exercise of the option and related purchase, sale, or delivery of the underlying securities or other assets generally will be short-term gain or loss depending on whether the premium income received by the Fund is greater or less than the amount paid by the Fund (if any) in terminating the transaction. Thus, for example, if an option written by the Fund expires unexercised, the Fund generally will recognize short-term gain equal to the premium received.
Certain covered call writing activities and other option strategies of the Fund may trigger the U.S. federal income tax straddle rules of Section 1092 of the Code, requiring the deferral of losses and the termination of holding periods on offsetting positions in options and stocks deemed to constitute substantially similar or related property. Call options on stocks that are not deep in the money may qualify as qualified covered calls, which generally are not subject to the straddle rules; the holding period on stock underlying qualified covered calls that are in the money although not deep in the money will be suspended during the period that such calls are outstanding. Thus, the straddle rules and the rules governing qualified covered calls could cause gains that would otherwise constitute long-term capital gains to be treated as short-term capital gains, and distributions that would otherwise constitute qualified dividend income or qualify for the corporate dividends-received deduction to fail to satisfy the holding period requirements and
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therefore to be taxed as ordinary income or to fail to qualify for the dividends-received deduction, as the case may be.
As a result of the special tax rules described above generally applicable to the Funds options transactions, such transactions could cause a substantial portion of the Funds income to consist of net short-term capital gain, which, when distributed, is treated as taxable to shareholders subject to U.S. income tax as ordinary income.
Any investment by the Fund in U.S. REIT equity securities may result in the Funds receipt of cash in excess of the U.S. REITs earnings; if the Fund distributes these amounts, these distributions could constitute a return of capital to Fund shareholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Investments in U.S. REIT equity securities also may require the Fund to accrue and distribute income not yet received. To generate sufficient cash to make the requisite distributions, the Fund may be required to sell investments (including when it is not advantageous to do so) that it otherwise would have continued to hold. Dividends received by the Fund from a U.S. REIT will not qualify for the corporate dividends-received deduction and generally will not constitute qualified dividend income.
Under a notice issued by the IRS in October 2006 and Treasury regulations that have not yet been issued, but may apply retroactively, a portion of the Funds income (including income allocated to the Fund from a U.S. REIT or other pass-through entity) that is attributable to a residual interest in a real estate mortgage investment conduit (REMIC) (including by investing in residual interests in CMOs with respect to which an election to be treated as a REMIC is in effect) or an equity interest in a taxable mortgage pool (TMP) (referred to in the Code as an excess inclusion) will be subject to U.S. federal income tax in all events. This notice also provides and the regulations are expected to provide that excess inclusion income of RICs, such as the Fund, will be allocated to shareholders of RICs in proportion to the dividends received by such shareholders, with the same consequences as if the shareholders held the related interest directly. As a result, to the extent the Fund invests in any such interests, it may not be a suitable investment for certain tax-exempt investors, as noted below.
In general, excess inclusion income allocated to shareholders (i) cannot be offset by net operating losses (subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions); (ii) will constitute unrelated business taxable income (UBTI) to entities (including a qualified pension plan, an individual retirement account, a 401(k) plan, a Keogh plan, or other tax-exempt entity) subject to tax on UBTI, thereby potentially requiring such an entity that is allocated excess inclusion income, and otherwise might not be required to file a tax return, to file a tax return and pay tax on such income; and (iii) in the case of a Non-U.S. Shareholder, will not qualify for any reduction in U.S. federal withholding tax. A shareholder will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such inclusions notwithstanding any exemption from such income tax otherwise available under the Code.
Under current law, income of the Fund that would be treated as UBTI if earned directly by a tax-exempt entity generally will not be attributed and taxed as UBTI when distributed to tax-exempt shareholders (that is, the Fund blocks this income with respect to such shareholders). Notwithstanding this blocking effect, a tax-exempt shareholder could realize UBTI by virtue of its investment in the Fund if shares in the Fund constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of Section 514(b) of the Code. A tax-exempt shareholder also may recognize UBTI if the Fund recognizes excess inclusion income derived from direct or indirect investments in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs as
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described above, if the amount of such income recognized by the Fund exceeds the Funds investment company taxable income (after taking into account deductions for dividends paid by the Fund).
In addition, special tax consequences apply to charitable remainder trusts (CRTs) that invest in RICs that invest directly or indirectly in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs. Under legislation enacted in December 2006, a CRT (as defined in Section 664 of the Code) that realizes any UBTI for a taxable year must pay an excise tax annually of an amount equal to such UBTI. Under IRS guidance issued in October 2006, a CRT will not recognize UBTI as a result of investing in the Fund that recognizes excess inclusion income. Rather, if at any time during any taxable year a CRT (or one of certain other tax-exempt shareholders, such as the United States, a state or political subdivision, or an agency or instrumentality thereof, and certain energy cooperatives) is a record holder of a share in the Fund that recognizes excess inclusion income, then the Fund will be subject to a tax on that portion of its excess inclusion income for the taxable year that is allocable to such shareholders at the highest U.S. federal corporate income tax rate. The extent to which this IRS guidance remains applicable in light of the December 2006 legislation is unclear. To the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the Fund may elect to specially allocate any such tax to the applicable CRT, or other shareholder, and thus reduce such shareholders distributions for the year by the amount of the tax that relates to such shareholders interest in the Fund. CRTs and other tax-exempt investors are urged to consult their tax advisers concerning the consequences of investing in the Fund.
Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance (and zero-coupon debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance) will be treated as debt obligations that are issued originally at a discount. Also very generally, the amount of the OID is treated as interest income and is included in the Funds taxable income (and required to be distributed by the Fund) over the term of the debt security, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, usually upon partial or full repayment or disposition of the debt security. In addition, payment-in-kind securities will give rise to income which is required to be distributed and is taxable even though the Fund holding the security receives no interest payment in cash on the security during the year.
Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance that are acquired by the Fund in the secondary market may be treated as having market discount. Very generally, market discount is the excess of the stated redemption price of a debt obligation (or in the case of an obligation issued with OID, its revised issue price) over the purchase price of such obligation. Also very generally, any gain recognized on the disposition of, and any partial payment of principal on, a debt security having market discount is treated as ordinary income to the extent the gain, or principal payment, does not exceed the accrued market discount on such debt security. Alternatively, the Fund may elect to accrue market discount currently, in which case the Fund will be required to include the accrued market discount in the Funds income (as ordinary income) and thus distribute it over the term of the debt security, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, upon partial or full repayment or disposition of the debt security. The rate at which the market discount accrues, and thus is included in the Funds income, will depend upon which of the permitted accrual methods the Fund elects.
Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of one year or less from the date of issuance may be treated as having OID or, in certain cases, acquisition discount (very generally, the excess of the stated redemption price over the purchase price). Also very generally, the Fund
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will be required to include the OID or acquisition discount in income (as ordinary income) over the term of the debt security, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, usually when the debt security matures. The OID or acquisition discount accrues ratably in equal daily installments or, if the Fund so elects, at a constant (compound) interest rate. If the Fund elects the constant interest rate method, the character and timing of recognition of income by the Fund will differ from what they would have been under the default pro rata method.
Increases in the principal amount of an inflation-indexed bond will be treated as OID includible in income (as ordinary income) over the term of the bond, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time. Decreases in the principal amount of an inflation-indexed bond generally will reduce the amount of interest from the debt instrument that would otherwise be includible in income by the Fund. In addition, if the negative inflation adjustment exceeds the income includible by the Fund with respect to the debt instrument (including any OID) for the taxable year, such excess will be an ordinary loss to the extent the Funds total interest inclusions on the debt instrument in prior taxable years exceed the total amount treated by the Fund as an ordinary loss on the debt instrument in prior taxable years. Any remaining excess may be carried forward to reduce taxable income and/or gain from the instrument in subsequent years.
The Fund may also purchase contingent payment debt instruments. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, holders of contingent payment debt instruments generally have to include taxable income (as interest) on a constant yield basis without regard to whether cash is received with respect thereto. Gain on the disposition of contingent payment debt instruments generally will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as ordinary interest income rather than as capital gain.
If the Fund holds the foregoing kinds of debt instruments, it may be required to pay out as an income distribution each year an amount which is greater than the total amount of cash interest the Fund actually received. Such distributions may be made from the cash assets of the Fund or, if necessary, by liquidation of portfolio investments including at a time when it may not be advantageous to do so. The Fund may realize gains or losses from such liquidations. In the event the Fund realizes net long-term or short-term capital gains from such transactions, its shareholders may receive a larger Capital Gain Dividend or ordinary dividend, respectively, than they would in the absence of such transactions.
Very generally, where the Fund purchases a bond at a price that exceeds the redemption price at maturity, that is, at a premium, the premium is amortizable over the remaining term of the bond. In the case of a taxable bond, if the Fund makes an election applicable to all such bonds it purchases, which election is irrevocable without the consent of the IRS, the Fund reduces the current taxable income from the bond by the amortized premium and reduces its tax basis in the bond by the amount of such offset; upon the disposition or maturity of such bonds acquired on or after January 4, 2013, the Fund is generally permitted to deduct any remaining premium allocable to a prior period. In the case of a tax-exempt bond, tax rules require the Fund to reduce its tax basis by the amount of amortized premium.
Investments in debt obligations that are at risk of or in default present special tax issues for the Fund. Tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as whether and to what extent the Fund should recognize market discount on a debt obligation; when the Fund may cease to accrue interest, OID, or market discount; when and to what extent the Fund may take deductions for bad debts or worthless securities; and how the Fund should allocate payments received on obligations in default between principal and income. These and other related issues will be addressed by the
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Fund when, as, and if it invests in such securities, in order to seek to ensure that it distributes sufficient income to preserve its status as a RIC and does not become subject to U.S. federal income or excise tax.
The Funds ability to pursue an investment strategy that involves investments in certain commodity-linked instruments may be limited by the Funds intention to qualify as a RIC, and the Funds strategy may bear adversely on the Funds ability to so qualify. In general, in order to qualify as a RIC, the Fund must, among other things, derive at least 90% of its gross income from certain specified sources (qualifying income). Income and gains from certain commodity-linked instruments generally would not constitute qualifying income to a RIC for purposes of the 90% gross income test described above if a RIC were to invest directly in such instruments. The tax treatment of some other commodity-linked instruments in which the Fund might invest is not certain, in particular with respect to whether income or gains from such instruments constitute qualifying income to a RIC. If the Fund were to treat income or gains from a particular instrument as qualifying income and the income or gains were later determined not to constitute qualifying income and, together with any other nonqualifying income, caused the Funds nonqualifying income to exceed 10% of its gross income in any taxable year, the Fund would fail to qualify as a RIC unless it were eligible to and did pay a tax at the Fund level. See Loss of RIC Status below.
As discussed above, the Fund achieves indirect exposure to commodities through foreign subsidiaries, which, in turn, invest in various commodity-related derivatives. The Fund should generally be entitled to treat all of the income that it recognizes from its investment in its wholly-owned foreign subsidiary as qualifying income. There is a risk, however, that the IRS could determine that some or all of the income derived from its investment in such foreign subsidiary is not qualifying income, which might adversely affect the ability of the Fund to qualify as a RIC. See Loss of RIC Status below.
In addition, the Fund may invest in Underlying RICs that invest in commodity-linked instruments or other instruments the treatment of which as securities is unclear. An Underlying RICs ability to pursue an investment strategy that involves investments in certain such instruments may be limited by the Underlying RICs intention to qualify as a RIC and the Underlying RICs strategy may bear adversely on that Underlying RICs ability to so qualify. The tax treatment of certain such instruments in which an Underlying RIC might invest is not certain, in particular with respect to whether income or gains from such instruments constitute qualifying income to a RIC. If an Underlying RIC were to treat income or gains from a particular instrument as qualifying income and the income or gains were later determined not to constitute qualifying income and, together with any other nonqualifying income, caused the Underlying RICs nonqualifying income to exceed 10% of its gross income in any taxable year, the Underlying RIC would fail to qualify as a RIC unless it were eligible to and did pay a tax at the Underlying RIC level. If an Underlying RIC were to fail to qualify as a RIC for a particular year, the value of the Funds investment in such Underlying RIC and, depending on the size of the Funds investment in such Underlying RIC, the Funds ability to qualify as a RIC, could be adversely affected. See Loss of RIC Status below.
To the extent the Fund invests in commodities-related entities that are partnerships (other than qualified publicly traded partnerships (as defined above)), income or other trusts, or other pass-through structures for U.S. federal income tax purposes, including, for instance, certain royalty trusts and certain ETFs (e.g., ETFs investing in gold bullion), all or a portion of any income and gains from such entities could constitute non-qualifying income to the Fund for purposes of the
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90% gross income requirement described above. Similarly, certain other income trusts in which the Fund may invest could be partnerships or other pass-through structures for U.S. federal income tax purposes, such that, depending on the specific assets held by the income trust, all or a portion of any income or gains from such investment could constitute non-qualifying income to the Fund. In any such cases, the Funds ability to pursue an investment strategy that involves investments in such entities may be limited by the Funds intention to qualify as a RIC and the Funds strategy may bear adversely on the Funds ability to so qualify. See Loss of RIC Status below.
Certain of the commodities-related ETFs in which the Fund may invest may qualify as qualified publicly traded partnerships sometimes referred to as QPTPs. In such cases, the net income derived from such investments will constitute qualifying income for purposes of the 90% gross income requirement described above for RIC qualification. If, however, such a vehicle were to fail to qualify as a QPTP in a particular year, a portion of the gross income derived from it in such year could constitute non-qualifying income to the Fund for purposes of the 90% gross income requirement and thus could adversely affect the Funds ability to qualify as a RIC for a particular year. In addition, the diversification requirement described above for RIC qualification will limit the Funds investments, including through corporations in which the Fund owns a 20% or more voting stock interest, in one or more vehicles that are QPTPs to 25% of the Funds total assets as of the close of each quarter of the Funds taxable year.
To the extent the Fund invests in certain passive foreign investment companies (PFICs), as defined below, the Fund could be subject to U.S. federal income tax (including interest charges) on distributions received from a PFIC or on proceeds received from the disposition of shares in a PFIC, which tax cannot be eliminated by making distributions to Fund shareholders. However, the Fund may elect to avoid the imposition of that tax. For example, the Fund may elect to treat a PFIC as a qualified electing fund (QEF) (i.e., make a QEF election), in which case the Fund will be required to include its share of the PFICs income and net capital gain annually, regardless of whether it receives any distribution from the PFIC. Alternatively, the Fund may elect to mark the gains (and to a limited extent the losses) in such holdings to the market as though it had sold (and, solely for purposes of this mark-to-market election, repurchased) its holdings in those PFICs on the last day of the Funds taxable year. Such gains and losses are treated as ordinary income and loss. The QEF and mark-to-market elections may have the effect of accelerating the recognition of income (without the receipt of cash) and increasing the amount required to be distributed for the Fund to avoid taxation. Making either of these elections therefore may require the Fund to liquidate other investments (including when it is not advantageous to do so) to meet its distribution requirement, which also may accelerate the recognition of gain and affect the Funds total return. In general, to the extent the Fund indirectly invests in PFICs by virtue of the Funds investment in Underlying RICs or other investment companies, it may not make such elections; rather, the Underlying RICs or other investment companies directly investing in PFICs would decide whether to make such elections. In addition, whether a foreign corporation is a PFIC is not always entirely clear. Therefore there is a risk, for example, that the Fund may not realize that a foreign corporation in which it invests is a PFIC for U.S. federal tax purposes and thus fail to timely make a QEF or mark-to-market election in respect of that corporation, in which event the Fund could be subject to the U.S. federal income taxes and interest charges described above.
A PFIC is any foreign corporation in which (i) 75% or more of the gross income for the taxable year is passive income, or (ii) the average percentage of the assets (generally by value, but by adjusted tax basis in certain cases) that produce, or are held for the production of, passive income
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is at least 50%. Generally, passive income for this purpose means dividends, interest (including income equivalent to interest), royalties, rents, annuities, the excess of gains over losses from certain property transactions and commodities transactions, income from certain notional principal contracts, and foreign currency gains. Passive income for this purpose does not include rents and royalties received by the foreign corporation from active business and certain income received from related persons.
Dividends paid by PFICs will not be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income or for the dividends-received deduction.
The Fund invests a portion of its assets in a wholly-owned foreign subsidiary that is classified as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes. It is expected that such subsidiary will neither be subject to taxation on its net income in the same manner as a corporation formed in the United States nor subject to branch profits tax on the income and gain derived from its activities in the United States. A foreign corporation will generally not be subject to such taxation unless it is deemed to be engaged in a U.S. trade or business.
The Funds foreign subsidiary conducts its activities in a manner so as to meet the requirements of a safe harbor under Section 864(b)(2) of the Code (the Safe Harbor), pursuant to which the foreign subsidiary, provided it is not a dealer in securities or commodities, may engage in the following activities without being deemed to be engaged in a U.S. trade or business: (i) engage in the United States in trading securities (including contracts or options to buy or sell securities) for its own account; and (ii) engage in the United States in trading, for its own account, commodities that are of a kind customarily dealt in on an organized commodity exchange, if the transaction is of a kind customarily consummated at such place. If certain of the foreign subsidiarys activities were determined to be not of the type described in the Safe Harbor, then the activities of such subsidiary may constitute a U.S. trade or business.
In addition, as described below, a foreign corporation is subject to U.S. federal income tax as if it earned income that is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business (ECI) to the extent it realizes any gains from U.S. real property interests (USRPIs). It is not expected that the Funds subsidiary will invest in any USRPI.
In general, a foreign corporation that does not conduct a U.S. trade or business is nonetheless subject to tax at a flat rate of 30% (or lower tax treaty rate), generally payable through withholding, on the gross amount of certain U.S.-source income that is not effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business. There is presently no tax treaty in force between the United States and the jurisdiction in which any subsidiary is (or would be) resident that would reduce this rate of withholding tax. Income subject to such a flat tax is of a fixed or determinable annual or periodic nature and includes dividends and interest income. Certain types of income are specifically exempted from the 30% tax and thus withholding is not required on payments of such income to a foreign corporation. The 30% tax generally does not apply to capital gains (whether long-term or short-term) or to interest paid to a foreign corporation on its deposits with U.S. banks. The 30% tax also does not apply to interest which qualifies as portfolio interest. Very generally, the term portfolio interest includes U.S.-source interest (including OID) on an obligation in registered form, and with respect to which the person, who would otherwise be required to deduct and withhold the 30% tax, received the required statement that the beneficial owner of the obligation is not a U.S. person within the meaning of the Code.
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As discussed in more detail below, FATCA (as defined below) generally imposes a reporting and 30% withholding tax regime (which is different from the withholding regime described above) with respect to certain U.S.-source income (withholdable payments) paid to foreign financial institutions and certain other non-U.S. entities when those entities fail to satisfy the applicable account documentation, information reporting, withholding, registration, certification and/or other requirements applicable to their status under FATCA. The Funds subsidiary will be subject to the 30% withholding tax in respect of any withholdable payment it receives if it fails to satisfy these requirements, as may be applicable to the subsidiary. The subsidiary expects to satisfy these requirements, as may be applicable to it, so as to avoid this additional 30% withholding. See Other Reporting and Withholding Requirements below for more discussion of these rules.
A U.S. person, including the Fund, who owns (directly or indirectly) 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of a foreign corporation is a U.S. Shareholder for purposes of the CFC provisions of the Code. A CFC is a foreign corporation that, on any day of its taxable year, is owned (directly, indirectly, or constructively) more than 50% (measured by voting power or value) by U.S. Shareholders. The Funds investment in its wholly-owned foreign subsidiary makes the Fund a U.S. Shareholder in a CFC. Additionally, from time to time, it is possible that the Fund will be a U.S. Shareholder in other CFCs. As a U.S. Shareholder, the Fund is required to include in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes for each taxable year of the Fund its pro rata share of its CFCs subpart F income for the CFCs taxable year ending within the Funds taxable year whether or not such income is actually distributed by the CFC, provided that the foreign corporation has been a CFC for at least 30 uninterrupted days in its taxable year. Subpart F income generally includes interest, OID, dividends, net gains from the disposition of stocks or securities, net gains from transactions (including futures, forward, and similar transactions) in commodities, receipts with respect to securities loans, and net payments received with respect to equity swaps and similar derivatives. Subpart F income is treated as ordinary income, regardless of the character of the CFCs underlying income. Net losses incurred by a CFC during a tax year do not flow through to the Fund and thus will not be available to offset income or capital gain generated from the Funds other investments. In addition, net losses incurred by a CFC during a tax year generally cannot be carried forward by the CFC to offset gains realized by it in subsequent taxable years. To the extent the Fund invests in its foreign subsidiary or other CFCs, if any, and recognizes subpart F income in excess of actual cash distributions from such CFCs, if any, it may be required to sell assets (including when it is not advantageous to do so) to generate the cash necessary to distribute as dividends to its shareholders all of its income and gains and therefore to eliminate any tax liability at the Fund level. Subpart F income also includes the excess of gains over losses from transactions (including futures, forward and other similar transactions) in commodities. The Funds recognition of any subpart F income from its investment in its foreign subsidiary will increase the Funds tax basis in such subsidiary. Distributions by the Funds foreign subsidiary to the Fund, including in redemption of such subsidiarys shares, will be tax free, to the extent of such subsidiarys previously undistributed subpart F income, and will correspondingly reduce the Funds tax basis in such subsidiary, and any distributions in excess of the Funds tax basis in its subsidiary will be treated as realized gain. Any losses with respect to the Funds shares of its foreign subsidiary will not be currently recognized. Subpart F income is generally treated as ordinary income, regardless of the character of its foreign subsidiarys underlying income.
The Fund intends to gain exposure to commodities, precious metals or other assets, in whole or in part, through its investment in a foreign subsidiary. In the past, the IRS issued private letter rulings to RICs to the effect that income a fund was deemed to earn from its direct or indirect
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foreign subsidiary was qualifying income to the fund for purposes of the 90% gross income requirement for RIC qualification without regard to whether such income was currently paid to the parent RIC in the form of a cash dividend (repatriated). In 2011, the IRS suspended the issuance of such rulings. It is unclear whether or when the IRS will release published guidance on the issue, and whether such guidance would be favorable to RICs, and, for example, eliminate the need for funds to seek their own rulings, or be unfavorable. In the absence of a private letter ruling to the effect described above or guidance issued by the IRS to the same or similar effect, the Fund will employ other means of ensuring that this requirement is satisfied, including but not limited to receiving a distribution from its foreign subsidiary out of the subsidiarys earnings and profits at least once during every taxable year.
The Funds investment in its foreign subsidiary will potentially have the effect of accelerating the Funds recognition of income and causing its income to be treated as ordinary income, regardless of the character of such subsidiarys income. If a net loss is realized by the Funds foreign subsidiary, such loss is generally not available to offset the income earned by the Fund. In addition, the net losses incurred during a taxable year by the Funds foreign subsidiary cannot be carried forward by such subsidiary to offset gains realized by it in subsequent taxable years. The Fund will not receive any credit in respect of any non-U.S. tax borne by its foreign subsidiary.
Although the interest on municipal obligations is generally exempt from U.S. federal income tax, distributions from the Fund derived from interest on municipal obligations are taxable to shareholders of the Fund when received. In addition, gains realized by the Fund on the sale or exchange of municipal obligations are taxable to shareholders of the Fund.
Special Tax Considerations Pertaining to the Funds Investment in Underlying Funds
Tax Considerations Related to the Funds Investments in Underlying RICs.
If the Fund invests substantially in shares of one or more Underlying RICs, its distributable income and gains will normally consist substantially of distributions from Underlying RICs and gains and losses on the disposition of shares of Underlying RICs. To the extent that an Underlying RIC realizes net capital losses on its investments for a given taxable year, the Fund will not be able to benefit from those losses until and only to the extent that (i) the Underlying RIC realizes capital gains that can be reduced by those losses, or (ii) the Fund recognizes a portion or all of its share of those losses when it disposes of shares of the Underlying RIC. Moreover, even when the Fund does make such a disposition of Underlying RIC shares at a net capital loss, a portion of its loss may be recognized as a long-term capital loss, which will not be treated as favorably for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a short-term capital loss or an ordinary deduction. The Fund also will not be able to offset any capital losses realized from its dispositions of Underlying RIC shares against its ordinary income (including distributions of any net short-term capital gains realized by an Underlying RIC).
In addition, in certain circumstances, the wash-sale rules under Section 1091 of the Code may apply to the Funds sales of Underlying RIC shares that have generated losses. A wash sale occurs if shares of an Underlying RIC are sold by the Fund at a loss and the Fund acquires additional shares of that same Underlying RIC 30 days before or after the date of the sale. The wash-sale rules could defer losses in the Funds hands on sales of Underlying RIC shares (to the extent such sales are wash sales) for extended periods of time.
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As a result of the foregoing rules, and certain other special rules, the amounts of net investment income and net capital gains that the Fund will be required to distribute to shareholders may be greater than such amounts would have been had the Fund invested directly in the investments held by the Underlying RICs, rather than investing in shares of the Underlying RICs. For similar reasons, the amount or timing of distributions from the Fund qualifying for treatment as a particular character (e.g., long-term capital gain, eligibility for dividends-received deduction, etc.) will not necessarily be the same as it would have been had the Fund invested directly in the investments held by the Underlying RICs.
If the Fund were to own 20% or more of the voting interests of an Underlying RIC, subject to certain exceptions, the Fund would be required to look through the Underlying RIC to its holdings and combine the appropriate percentage of the Underlying RICs assets with the Funds assets for purposes of satisfying the 25% diversification test described above.
Depending on the Funds percentage ownership in an Underlying RIC both before and after a redemption of Underlying RIC shares, the Funds redemption of shares of such Underlying RIC may cause it to be treated as receiving a dividend taxable as ordinary income on the full amount of the redemption instead of being treated as realizing capital gain (or loss) on the redemption of the shares of the Underlying RIC. This could be the case where the Fund holds a significant interest in an Underlying RIC that is not a publicly offered RIC within the meaning of the Code (e.g., certain underlying GMO Funds principally available only to other GMO Funds and certain other accredited investors, including GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund) and redeems only a small portion of such interest. Dividend treatment of a redemption by the Fund would affect the amount and character of income required to be distributed by both the Fund and the Underlying RIC for the year in which the redemption occurred. It is possible that any such dividend would qualify as qualified dividend income taxable at long-term capital gain rates; otherwise, it would be taxable as ordinary income and could cause shareholders of the Fund to recognize higher amounts of ordinary income than if the shareholders held shares of the Underlying RICs directly.
If the Fund receives dividends from an Underlying RIC, and the Underlying RIC reports such dividends as qualified dividend income, then the Fund is permitted, in turn, to report a portion of its distributions as qualified dividend income, provided that the Fund meets the holding period and other requirements with respect to shares of the Underlying RIC.
If the Fund receives dividends from an Underlying RIC, and the Underlying RIC reports such dividends as eligible for the dividends-received deduction, then the Fund is permitted, in turn, to report a portion of its distributions as eligible for the dividends-received deduction, provided that the Fund meets the holding period and other requirements with respect to shares of the Underlying RIC.
If, at the close of each quarter of the Funds taxable year, at least 50% of its total assets consists of interests in Underlying RICs, the Fund will be a qualified fund of funds. In that case, the Fund is permitted to elect to pass through to its shareholders foreign income and other similar taxes paid by the Fund in respect of non-U.S. investments held directly by the Fund or by an Underlying RIC in which its invests that itself elected to pass such taxes through to shareholders, so that shareholders of the Fund will be eligible to claim a tax credit or deduction for such taxes. If eligible, the Fund expects to make this election for any taxable year in which it directly or indirectly (through one or more Underlying RICs making this election) pays qualifying non-U.S.
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taxes. However, even if the Fund qualifies to make such election for any year, it may determine not to do so in its sole discretion. See Non-U.S. Taxes below for more information.
Tax Considerations Related to the Funds Investments in Partnerships.
Special tax considerations apply if the Fund invests in investment companies treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes, including one or more GMO Trust Funds offered pursuant to separate private placement memoranda. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, to the extent the Fund invests in such a partnership, it generally will be allocated its share of the income, gains, losses, deductions, credits, and other tax items of the partnership so as to reflect the Funds interest in the partnership. A partnership in which the Fund invests may modify its partner allocations to comply with applicable tax regulations, including, without limitation, the income tax provisions under Sections 704, 706, 708, 734, 743, 754, and 755 of the Code and the regulations thereunder. It also may make special allocations of specific tax items, including gross income, gain, deduction, or loss. These modified or special allocations could result in the Fund, as a partner, receiving more or fewer items of income, gain, deduction, or loss (and/or income, gain, deduction, or loss of a different character) than it would in the absence of such modified or special allocations. The Fund will be required to include in its income its share of a partnerships tax items, including gross income, gain, deduction, or loss, for any partnership taxable year ending within or with the Funds taxable year, regardless of whether or not the partnership distributes any cash to the Fund in such year.
In general, the Fund will not recognize its share of these tax items until the close of the partnerships taxable year. However, absent the availability of an exception, the Fund will recognize its share of these tax items as they are recognized by the partnership for purposes of determining the Funds liability for the 4% excise tax (described above). If the Fund and a partnership have different taxable years, the Fund may be obligated to make distributions in excess of the net income and gains recognized from that partnership and yet be unable to avoid the 4% excise tax because it is without sufficient earnings and profits at the end of its taxable year. In some cases, however, the Fund can take advantage of certain safe harbors which would allow it to include its share of a partnerships income, gain, loss, and certain other tax items at the close of the partnerships taxable year for both excise tax purposes and general Subchapter M purposes, thus avoiding the potential complexities arising from different taxable years.
In general, cash distributions to the Fund by a partnership in which it invests (including in partial or complete redemption of its interest in the partnership) will represent a nontaxable return of capital to the Fund up to the amount of the Funds adjusted tax basis in its interest in the partnership, with any amounts exceeding such basis treated as capital gain. Any loss may be recognized by the Fund only if it redeems its entire interest in the partnership for money.
If the Fund receives allocations of income from a partnership in which it invests that are eligible for qualified dividend treatment or the dividends-received deduction, then the Fund, in turn, may report a portion of its distributions as qualified dividend income or as eligible for the dividend-received deduction, as applicable, provided certain conditions are met.
More generally, as a result of the foregoing and certain other special rules, the Funds investment in investment companies that are partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes can cause the Funds distributions to shareholders to vary in terms of their timing, character, and/or amount from what the Funds distributions would have been had the Fund invested directly in the investments held by those underlying partnerships.
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If a partnership in which the Fund invests were not treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and were instead taxed as a corporation, the Funds return on its investment in such partnership could be adversely affected.
Loss of RIC Status
If the Fund were to fail to meet the income, diversification or distribution test described in Tax Status and Taxation of the Fund above, the Fund could in some cases cure such failure, including by paying the Fund-level tax, paying interest charges, making additional distributions or disposing of certain assets. If the Fund were ineligible to or otherwise did not cure such failure for any year, or if the Fund were otherwise to not qualify for taxation as a RIC for such year, it could affect the amount, timing, and character of the Funds distributions, it would cause the Funds income to be taxed at the Fund level at regular corporate rates, and depending on when the Fund discovered its qualification failure for a particular taxable year, the Fund might be subject to penalties and interest on any late payments of its Fund-level taxes for such year. In addition, in the event of any such loss of RIC status, all distributions from earnings and profits, including distributions of net long-term capital gains and net tax-exempt income (if any), generally would be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Such distributions generally would be eligible (i) to be treated as qualified dividend income in the case of shareholders taxed as individuals and (ii) for the dividends-received deduction in the case of corporate shareholders, provided, in both cases, the shareholder meets certain holding period and other requirements in respect of the Funds shares. In addition, in order to re-qualify for taxation as a RIC that is accorded special tax treatment, the Fund may be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest on such gains, and make certain substantial distributions. If an Underlying RIC were to fail to qualify as a RIC in a particular taxable year, the Funds return on its investment in such Underlying RIC and, depending on the size of the Funds investment in such Underlying RIC, the Funds ability to qualify as a RIC, could be adversely affected.
Certain of the Funds investments could affect the amount, timing and character of the Funds income, gains and distributions, and could cause the Fund to recognize taxable income in excess of the cash generated by such investment, which may require the Fund to liquidate investments, including when it is not advantageous to do so, in order to make required distributions. Further, the application of the requirements for treatment as a RIC under the Code can be unclear with respect to certain of these investments. As a result, certain of the Funds investments could cause the Fund to fail to qualify as a RIC.
Backup Withholding
The Fund (or in the case of shares held through an intermediary, the intermediary) generally is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of the taxable distributions and redemption proceeds paid to any individual shareholder who fails to properly furnish the Fund (or the intermediary) with a correct taxpayer identification number, who has under-reported dividend or interest income, or who fails to certify that he or she is not subject to such withholding. The backup withholding tax rate is 28%. Any tax withheld as a result of backup withholding does not constitute an additional tax imposed on the record owner of the account, and may be claimed as a credit on the record owners U.S. federal income tax return, provided the appropriate information is furnished to the IRS.
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Distributions to Non-U.S. Investors
In general, absent a specific statutory exemption, the Funds ordinary dividends are subject to a U.S. withholding tax of 30% when paid to a shareholder that is not a U.S. person within the meaning of the Code (a Non-U.S. Shareholder). To the extent withholding is made on an ordinary dividend paid to a Non-U.S. Shareholder, persons who are resident in a country that has an income tax treaty with the United States may be eligible for a reduced withholding rate (upon filing of appropriate forms), and are urged to consult their tax advisers regarding the applicability and effect of such a treaty.
The Funds Capital Gain Dividends and Return of Capital Distributions are generally not subject to withholding when paid to a Non-U.S. Shareholder, as described more fully below.
In addition, for taxable years of a RIC beginning before January 1, 2015 (each a pre-2015 taxable year), the RIC is not required to withhold any amounts (i) with respect to distributions (other than distributions to a Non-U.S. Shareholder (A) that has not provided a satisfactory statement that the beneficial owner is not a U.S. person, (B) to the extent that the dividend is attributable to certain interest on an obligation if the Non-U.S. Shareholder is the issuer or is a 10% shareholder of the issuer, (C) that is within certain foreign countries that have inadequate information exchange with the United States, or (D) to the extent the dividend is attributable to interest paid by a person that is a related person of the Non-U.S. Shareholder and the Non-U.S. Shareholder is a controlled foreign corporation) from U.S.-source interest income of types similar to those not subject to U.S. federal income tax if earned directly by an individual Non-U.S. Shareholder, to the extent such distributions are properly reported as such by the RIC (interest-related dividends), and (ii) with respect to distributions (other than (A) distributions to an individual Non-U.S. Shareholder who was present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year of the distribution and (B) distributions subject to special rules regarding the disposition of U.S. real property interests (USRPIs) as described below) of net short-term capital gains in excess of net long-term capital losses, to the extent such distributions were properly reported as such by the RIC (short-term capital gain dividends). A RIC is permitted to report such parts of its dividends paid in respect of a pre-2015 taxable year as interest-related and/or short-term capital gain dividends as are eligible, but is not required to do so.
Additionally, if a RIC invests in an Underlying Fund or another investment company registered under the 1940 Act, including an Underlying RIC, that reports and pays such short-term capital gain or interest-related dividends to its shareholders in respect of a taxable year of the Underlying RIC beginning before January 1, 2015, such distributions generally remain not subject to withholding if properly reported as such in respect of distributions paid by the RIC to its shareholders for a pre-2015 taxable year of the RIC. Similarly, if a RIC has invested in an Underlying Fund that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, then to the extent that the Underlying Fund has allocated to the RIC income that would have given rise to interest-related or short-term capital gain dividends if it had been earned directly by the RIC, the RIC generally is permitted to report any dividends attributable to such income in respect of a pre-2015 taxable year as interest-related or short-term capital gain dividends, as applicable.
The exemption from withholding for interest-related and short-term capital gain dividends has expired for distributions with respect to taxable years of a RIC beginning on or after January 1, 2015. It is currently unclear whether Congress will extend this exemption for distributions with respect to taxable years of a RIC beginning on or after January 1, 2015, and what the terms of
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any such extension would be, including whether any such extension would have retroactive effect.
In the case of shares held through an intermediary, the intermediary may withhold even if a RIC properly reports the payment as an interest-related or short-term capital gain dividend to shareholders in respect of a pre-2015 taxable year. Non-U.S. Shareholders should contact their intermediaries regarding the application of these rules to their accounts.
In certain circumstances, a Non-U.S. Shareholder may be required to file appropriate U.S. federal tax forms in order to receive the benefit of these exemptions.
Under U.S. federal tax law, a Non-U.S. Shareholder is not, in general, subject to U.S. federal income tax on gains (and is not allowed a deduction for losses) realized on the sale of shares of the Fund or on Capital Gain Dividends unless (i) such gain or Capital Gain Dividend is effectively connected with the conduct by the Non-U.S. Shareholder of a trade or business within the United States; (ii) in the case of a Non-U.S. Shareholder that is an individual, the shareholder is present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year of the sale or the receipt of the Capital Gain Dividend and certain other conditions are met; or (iii) the special rules relating to gain attributable to the sale or exchange of USRPIs apply to the Non-U.S. Shareholders sale of shares of the Fund or to the Capital Gain Dividend received (as described below).
Also, Non-U.S. Shareholders with respect to whom income from the Fund is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business carried on by such shareholder will in general be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the income derived from the Fund at the graduated rates applicable to U.S. citizens, residents, or domestic corporations, whether such income is received in cash or reinvested in shares, and, in the case of a foreign corporation, may also be subject to a branch profits tax. If a Non-U.S. Shareholder is eligible for the benefits of a tax treaty, any effectively connected income or gain will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net basis only if it is also attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by the shareholder in the United States. Again, Non-U.S. Shareholders who are residents in a country with an income tax treaty with the United States may obtain different tax results, and are urged to consult their tax advisers.
Special withholding and other rules apply to distributions to Non-U.S. Shareholders from a RIC, if the RIC is either a U.S. real property holding corporation (USRPHC) or would be a USRPHC but for the operation of the exceptions to the definition thereof described below. Additionally, special withholding and other rules apply to the redemption of shares in a RIC, if the RIC is a USRPHC or former USRPHC. Very generally, a USRPHC is a domestic corporation that holds USRPIs USRPIs are defined as any interest in U.S. real property or any equity interest in a USRPHC or former USRPHC the fair market value of which equals or exceeds 50% of the sum of the fair market values of the corporations USRPIs, interests in real property located outside the United States, and other assets. To the extent a RIC holds (directly or indirectly) significant interests in real estate investment trusts (as defined in Section 856 of the Code) qualifying for the special tax treatment under Subchapter M of the Code (U.S. REITs), it may be a USRPHC. The special rules discussed in the next paragraph also apply to distributions from a RIC, if it would be a USRPHC absent exclusions from USRPI treatment for interests in domestically controlled U.S. REITs (or, prior to January 1, 2015, RICs) and not-greater-than-5% interests in publicly traded classes of stock in U.S. REITs or RICs.
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To the extent a RIC is a USRPHC or would be a USRPHC but for the exceptions from the definition of USRPI (described above), under a special look-through rule, any dividend distributions by the RIC and certain distributions made by the RIC in redemption of its shares that are attributable directly or indirectly to distributions received by the RIC from a lower-tier REIT that the RIC is required to treat as USRPI gain in its hands will retain their character as gains realized from USRPIs in the hands of the RICs Non-U.S. Shareholders. If a Non-U.S. Shareholder holds (or has held in the prior year) more than a 5% interest in any class of the RIC, such distributions generally will be treated as gains effectively connected with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business, and subject to tax at graduated rates. Moreover, such shareholders generally will be required to file a U.S. income tax return for the year in which the gain was recognized and the RIC generally will be required to withhold 35% of the amount of such distribution. In the case of all other Non-U.S. Shareholders (i.e., those whose interest in the RIC did not exceed 5% in any class of the RIC at any time during the prior year), the USRPI distribution generally will be treated as ordinary income (regardless of any reporting by the RIC that such distribution is a short-term capital gain dividend or a Capital Gain Dividend), and the RIC generally must withhold 30% (or a lower applicable treaty rate) of the amount of the distribution paid to such Non-U.S. Shareholder.
Prior to January 1, 2015, the special look-through rule discussed above for distributions by a RIC to Non-U.S. Shareholders also applied to distributions attributable to (i) gains realized on the disposition of USRPIs by the RIC and (ii) distributions received by the RIC from a lower-tier RIC that the RIC was required to treat as USRPI gain in its hands. It is currently unclear whether Congress will extend these former look-through provisions to distributions made on or after January 1, 2015, and what the terms of any such extension would be, including whether any such extension would have retroactive effect.
Non-U.S. Shareholders of the Fund also may be subject to certain wash sale rules to prevent the avoidance of the tax filing and payment obligations discussed above through the sale and repurchase of Fund shares.
In addition, if a RIC is a USRPHC or former USRPHC, it must typically withhold 10% of the amount realized in a redemption by a greater-than-5% Non-U.S. Shareholder, and that shareholder typically must file a U.S. income tax return for the year of the disposition of RIC shares and pay any additional tax due on the sale. A similar withholding obligation may apply to Return of Capital Distributions by a RIC that is a USRPHC or former USRPHC to a greater-than-5% Non-U.S. Shareholder, even if all or a portion of such distribution would be treated as a return of capital to the Non-U.S. Shareholder. Prior to January 1, 2015, such withholding on these redemptions and distributions generally was not required if a RIC was a domestically controlled USRPHC or, in certain limited cases, if a RIC (whether or not domestically controlled) held substantial investments in Underlying RICs that were domestically controlled USRPHCs. These exemptions from withholding for redemptions or distributions has expired and such withholding is required, without regard to whether a RIC or any Underlying RIC in which it invests is domestically controlled. It is currently unclear whether Congress will extend this exemption for redemptions or distributions made on or after January 1, 2015, and what the terms of any such extension would be, including whether any such extension would have retroactive effect.
Non-U.S. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers (and if holding shares through an intermediary, their intermediary) concerning the application of these rules to their investment in the Fund.
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In order to qualify for any exemptions from withholding described above or for lower withholding tax rates under income tax treaties, or to establish an exemption from backup withholding, a Non-U.S. Shareholder must comply with special certification and filing requirements relating to its non-U.S. status (including, for example, furnishing an IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E). Non-U.S. shareholders in the Fund should consult their tax advisers and, if holding shares through intermediaries, their intermediaries, in this regard.
Special rules (including withholding and reporting requirements) apply to foreign partnerships and those holding Fund shares through foreign partnerships. Also, additional considerations may apply to foreign trusts and estates. Investors holding Fund shares through foreign entities should consult their tax advisers about their particular situation.
A Non-U.S. Shareholder may be subject to state and local taxes and to the U.S. federal estate tax in addition to the U.S. federal income tax referred to above.
Non-U.S. shareholders described in section 892 of the Code should consult their tax advisers with respect to their investment in the Fund.
See also Other Reporting and Withholding Requirements below for information regarding the potential application of an additional withholding regime.
Non-U.S. Taxes
The Funds non-U.S. investments may be subject to non-U.S. withholding and other taxes on dividends, interest, capital gains, or the proceeds of dispositions that will decrease the Funds return on its investments. The Fund may otherwise be subject to non-U.S. taxation on repatriation proceeds generated from those investments or to other transaction-based non-U.S. taxes on those investments, including potentially on a retroactive basis, which can also decrease the Funds return on its investments. Such non-U.S. withholding taxes and other taxes may be reduced or eliminated under income tax treaties between the United States and certain non-U.S. jurisdictions. In some cases, the Fund may seek to collect a refund in respect of taxes paid to a non-U.S. jurisdiction (see Descriptions and Risks of Fund InvestmentsRisks of Non-U.S. Investments above for more information). The non-U.S. withholding and other tax rates applicable to the Funds investments in certain non-U.S. jurisdictions may be higher, in certain circumstances, for instance, if the Fund has a significant number of Non-U.S. Shareholders or if the Fund or Underlying Fund invests through a subsidiary.
If, at the end of the Funds taxable year, more than 50% of the value of the total assets of the Fund is represented by direct investments in stock or other securities of non-U.S. corporations, the Fund may make an election that allows shareholders to claim a foreign tax credit or deduction (but not both) on their U.S. income tax return in respect of non-U.S. taxes paid by or withheld from the Fund on its non-U.S. portfolio investments. Only non-U.S. taxes that meet certain qualifications are eligible for this pass-through treatment. If the Fund is eligible for and makes such an election, its shareholders generally will include in gross income from non-U.S. sources their pro rata shares of such taxes paid by the Fund. A shareholders ability to claim an offsetting foreign tax credit or deduction in respect of these taxes is subject to limitations imposed by the Code, which may result in the shareholders not receiving a full credit or deduction (if any) for the amount of such taxes. Shareholders who do not itemize deductions on their U.S. federal income tax returns may claim a credit (but not a deduction) for such non-U.S.
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taxes. The Fund does not expect to be eligible to make this election. However, even if the Fund is eligible to make this election, it may determine not to do so in its sole discretion, in which case any such qualified non-U.S. taxes paid by the Fund cannot be given this special pass-through treatment by the Fund or its shareholders. Investors should consult their tax advisers for further information relating to the foreign tax credit and deduction. Shareholders that are not subject to U.S. federal income tax, and those who invest in the Fund through tax-advantaged accounts (including those who invest through individual retirement accounts or other tax-advantaged retirement plans), generally will receive no benefit from any tax credit or deduction passed through by the Fund.
In some cases, the Fund also may be eligible to pass through to its shareholders the non-U.S. taxes paid by Underlying RICs in which it invests that themselves elected to pass through such taxes to their shareholders. The Fund does not expect to be eligible to make this election for any taxable year in which it directly or indirectly (through one or more Underlying RICs making this election) pays qualifying non-U.S. taxes as described above. However, even if the Fund is eligible to make such an election for a given year, it may determine not to do so. See Special Tax Considerations Pertaining to the Funds Investment in Underlying Funds for more information.
Withholding taxes that are accrued on dividends in respect of (i) securities on loan pursuant to a securities lending transaction during the period that any such security was not directly held by the Fund or (ii) securities the Fund temporarily purchased from a counterparty pursuant to a repurchase agreement that is treated as a loan for U.S. federal income tax purposes generally will not qualify as a non-U.S. tax paid by the Fund, in which case they could not be passed through to shareholders even if the Fund meets the other requirements described above.
Shareholder Reporting Obligations With Respect to Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts
Shareholders that are U.S. persons and own, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the Fund could be required to report annually their financial interest in the Funds foreign financial accounts, if any, on FinCEN Form 114, Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts (FBAR). Shareholders should consult their intermediaries through which the Fund investment is made (if applicable), as well as a tax adviser, regarding the applicability to them of this reporting requirement.
Other Reporting and Withholding Requirements
Sections 1471-1474 of the Code and the U.S. Treasury Regulations and IRS guidance issued thereunder (collectively, FATCA) generally require the Fund to obtain information sufficient to identify the status of each of its shareholders under FATCA or under an applicable intergovernmental agreement (an IGA). If a shareholder fails to provide this information or otherwise fails to comply with FATCA or an IGA, the Fund or its agent may be required to withhold under FATCA 30% of the distributions, other than distributions properly reported as capital gain dividends, the Fund pays to that shareholder and, on or after January 1, 2017 (which date, under recent Treasury guidance, is expected to be delayed until on or after January 1, 2019), 30% of the gross proceeds of the sale, redemption or exchange of Fund shares and certain Capital Gain Dividends the Fund pays to that shareholder. If a payment by the Fund is subject to FATCA withholding, the Fund or its agent is required to withhold even if the payment would otherwise be exempt from withholding under the rules applicable to Non-U.S. Shareholders described above (e.g., Capital Gain Dividends).
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Payments to a shareholder will generally not be subject to FATCA withholding, provided the shareholder provides the Fund with such certifications, waivers or other documentation or information as the Fund requires, including, to the extent required, with regard to such shareholders direct and indirect owners, to establish the shareholders FATCA status and otherwise to comply with these rules. In order to avoid withholding, a shareholder that is a foreign financial institution (FFI) must either (i) become a participating FFI by entering into a valid U.S. tax compliance agreement with the IRS; (ii) qualify for an exception from the requirement to enter into such an agreement, for example by becoming a deemed compliant FFI; or (iii) be covered by and in compliance with an applicable intergovernmental agreement between the United States and a non-U.S. government to implement FATCA. In any of these cases, the investing FFI generally will be required to provide the Fund with appropriate identifiers, certifications or documentation concerning its status. The IRS has issued guidance on how FATCA interacts with other U.S. withholding tax rules and, accordingly, the above-described withholding tax may apply differently in the event that income is subject to multiple types of withholding.
The Fund will disclose the information that it receives from (or concerning) its shareholders to the IRS, non-U.S. taxing authorities or other parties as necessary to comply with FATCA, related intergovernmental agreements or other applicable law or regulation.
If an Underlying Fund were to fail to comply with FATCA or were to be a member of an expanded affiliated group in which a member of such group causes other members to not be in compliance with FATCA, such non-compliance could reduce the Funds return on its investments.
Each prospective investor is urged to consult its tax adviser regarding the applicability and consequences of FATCA and any other reporting requirements with respect to the prospective investors own situation, including investments through an intermediary.
The Fund and its shareholders may be subject to certain other tax reporting requirements as a result of the investment strategy and activities of the Fund. Certain U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. tax reporting requirements may require the Fund to provide certain information about its shareholders to the IRS or other similar authorities responsible for tax matters in other jurisdictions (e.g., non-U.S. countries).
Tax Shelter Reporting Regulations
Under Treasury regulations, if a shareholder recognizes a loss on disposition of the Funds shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct holders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a RIC are not excepted. Future guidance may extend the current exception from this reporting requirement to shareholders of most or all RICs. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayers treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
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State and Local Tax Matters
Most states permit mutual funds, such as the Fund, to pass through to their shareholders the state tax exemption on income earned from investments in some direct U.S. Treasury obligations, as well as some limited types of U.S. government agency securities (such as Federal Farm Credit Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank securities), so long as the Fund meets all applicable state requirements. Therefore, shareholders in the Fund may be allowed to exclude from their state taxable income distributions made to them by the Fund to the extent attributable to interest the Fund directly or indirectly earned on such investments. The availability of these exemptions varies by state. Investments in securities of certain U.S. government agencies, including securities issued by Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae, and Freddie Mac, and repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities generally do not qualify for these exemptions. Moreover, these exemptions may not be available to corporate shareholders. All shareholders should consult their tax advisers regarding the applicability of these exemptions to their situation.
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The following tables present information as of December 1, 2015 regarding each current Trustee and officer of the Trust. Each Trustees and officers year of birth (YOB) is set forth after his or her name. Unless otherwise noted, (i) each Trustee and officer has engaged in the principal occupation(s) noted in the table for at least the most recent five years, although not necessarily in the same capacity, and (ii) the address of each Trustee and officer is c/o GMO Trust, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110. Each Trustee serves in office until the earlier of (a) the election and qualification of a successor at the next meeting of shareholders called to elect Trustees or (b) the Trustee dies, resigns, or is removed as provided in the Trusts governing documents. Each of the Trustees of the Trust, other than Mr. Kittredge, is not an interested person of the Trust, as such term is used in the 1940 Act (each, an Independent Trustee). Because the Fund does not hold annual meetings of shareholders, each Trustee will hold office for an indeterminate period. Each officer serves in office until his or her successor is elected and determined to be qualified to carry out the duties and responsibilities of the office, or until the officer resigns or is removed from office.
Name and Year of Birth |
Position(s) Held with the Trust |
Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years |
Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex1 Overseen |
Other Directorships Held in the Past Five Years | |||||
INDEPENDENT TRUSTEES | ||||||||||
Donald W. Glazer YOB: 1944 |
Chairman of the Board of Trustees | Chairman of the Board of Trustees since March 2005; Lead Independent Trustee (September 2004-March 2005); Trustee since December 2000. | Consultant Law and Business2; Author of Legal Treatises. | 39 | None. | |||||
Peter Tufano YOB: 1957 |
Trustee | Since December 2008. | Peter Moores Dean and Professor of Finance, University of Oxford Saïd Business School (as of July 1, 2011); Sylvan C. Coleman Professor of Financial Management, Harvard Business School (1989-2011). | 39 | Trustee of State Street Navigator Securities Lending Trust (5 Portfolios). |
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Name and Year of Birth |
Position(s) Held with the Trust |
Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years |
Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex1 Overseen |
Other Directorships Held in the Past Five Years | |||||
Paul Braverman YOB: 1949 |
Trustee | Since March 2010. | Director of Courier Corporation (a book publisher and manufacturer) (January 2008-present); Director of Claren Road Asset Management, LLC (hedge fund) (January 2011-present); Director of Leerink Swann Holdings, LLC (investment bank) (October 2013-present). | 39 | Trustee of HIMCO Variable Insurance Trust (27 Portfolios); Director of Courier Corporation (a book publisher and manufacturer). | |||||
INTERESTED TRUSTEE AND OFFICER | ||||||||||
Joseph B. Kittredge, Jr.3 YOB: 1954 |
Trustee; President of the Trust |
Trustee since March 2010; President since March 2009; Chief Executive Officer, March 2009-June 2015. | General Counsel, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (October 2005-present); Partner, Ropes & Gray, LLP (1988-2005). | 51 | None. |
1 | The Fund Complex includes series of each of GMO Trust and GMO Series Trust. Mr. Kittredge also serves as a Trustee of GMO Series Trust. |
2 | As part of Mr. Glazers work as a consultant, he provides part-time consulting services to Goodwin Procter LLP (Goodwin). Goodwin has provided legal services to Renewable Resources, LLC, an affiliate of GMO; GMO, in connection with its relationship with Renewable Resources; and funds managed by Renewable Resources. Mr. Glazer has represented that he has no financial interest in, and is not involved in the provision of, such legal services. In the calendar years ended December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2014, these entities paid $2,005.60 and $1,194.25, respectively, in legal fees and disbursements to Goodwin. In correspondence with the staff of the SEC (the Staff) beginning in August 2006, the Independent Trustees legal counsel provided the Staff with information regarding Mr. Glazers relationship with Goodwin and his other business activities. On September 11, 2007, based on information that had been given to the Staff as of that date, the Staff provided oral no-action assurance consistent with the opinion of the Independent Trustees legal counsel that Mr. Glazer is not an interested person of the Trust. |
3 | Mr. Kittredge is an interested person of the Trust, as such term is used in the 1940 Act (an Interested Trustee), by virtue of his positions with the Trust and GMO indicated in the table above and his interest as a member of GMO. |
Information About Each Trustees Experience, Qualifications, Attributes, or Skills for Board Membership. As described in additional detail below under Committees, the Governance Committee, which is comprised solely of Independent Trustees, has responsibility for recommending to the Board of Trustees the nomination of candidates for election as Trustees, including identifying and evaluating the skill sets and qualifications of, potential candidates. In recommending the election of the current board members as Trustees, the Governance Committee generally considered the educational, business, and professional experience of each
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Trustee in determining his or her qualifications to serve as a Trustee of the Trust. The Governance Committee focuses on the complementary skills and experience of the Trustees as a group, as well as on those of any particular Trustee. With respect to Messrs. Glazer, Tufano, and Braverman, the Governance Committee noted that these Trustees all had considerable experience in overseeing investment management activities and/or related operations and in serving on the boards of other companies. In addition, the Committee also considered, among other factors, the particular attributes described below with respect to the various individual Trustees:
Donald W. Glazer Mr. Glazers experience serving as Chairman of the Board of Trustees and as a director of other companies, his professional training and his experience as a business lawyer, including as a partner at a leading law firm, and his business experience.
Peter Tufano Mr. Tufanos experience serving as Trustee of the Trust and as a director of other companies, and his professional training and his experience in business and finance, including as a dean of a leading business school.
Paul Braverman Mr. Bravermans experience as a director, his professional training and his experience as a certified public accountant and lawyer and his experience in the management of a leading investment management firm.
Joseph B. Kittredge, Jr. Mr. Kittredges experience serving as President of the Trust, President and Trustee of GMO Series Trust, and General Counsel and a Member of GMO, his professional training and his experience as a lawyer representing mutual funds and investment management firms, including as a partner at a leading law firm, and his perspective on Board matters as a senior executive of GMO.
Information relating to the experience, qualifications, attributes, and skills of the Trustees is required by the registration form adopted by the SEC, does not constitute holding out the Board or any Trustee as having any special expertise or experience, and does not impose any greater responsibility or liability on any such person or on the Board as a whole than would otherwise be the case.
Officers
Name and Year of Birth |
Position(s) Held |
Length |
Principal Occupation(s) | |||
Joseph B. Kittredge, Jr. YOB: 1954 |
Trustee and President |
Trustee since March 2010; President since March 2009; Chief Executive Officer, March 2009-June 2015. | General Counsel, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (October 2005-present); Partner, Ropes & Gray LLP (1988-2005). | |||
Sheppard N. Burnett YOB: 1968 |
Chief Executive Officer | Chief Executive Officer since June 2015; Chief Financial Officer, March 2007-June 2015; Treasurer, November 2006-June 2015; Assistant Treasurer, September 2004-November 2006. | Head of Fund Treasury and Tax, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (December 2006-present). |
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Name and Year of Birth |
Position(s) Held |
Length |
Principal Occupation(s) | |||
Carly Cushman YOB: 1984 |
Treasurer, Chief Accounting Officer and Chief Financial Officer | Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer since June 2015; Chief Accounting Officer since May 2014; Assistant Treasurer, September 2013-June 2015. | Fund Administrator, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (December 2009-present); Senior Accountant, Renaissance HealthCare (February 2009-December 2009); Auditor/Senior Auditor, Deloitte & Touche (September 2006-February 2009). | |||
John L. Nasrah YOB: 1977 |
Assistant Treasurer and Chief Tax Officer | Since March 2007. | Fund Administrator, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (September 2004-present). | |||
Betty Chang YOB: 1972 |
Assistant Treasurer | Since September 2013. | Fund Administrator, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (July 2010-present); Assistant Treasurer (June 2009-July 2010), Manager, Fund Administration and Regulatory Affairs (2006-2009), Hambrecht & Quist Capital Management LLC. | |||
Craig Parker YOB: 1982 |
Assistant Treasurer | Since February 2015. | Fund Administrator, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (October 2010-present); Senior Associate, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (September 2009-October 2010). | |||
Mahmoodur Rahman YOB: 1967 |
Assistant Treasurer | Since September 2007. | Fund Administrator, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (April 2007-present). | |||
Brian Kadehjian YOB: 1974 |
Assistant Treasurer and Treasury Officer | Assistant Treasurer since February 2015; Treasury Officer since September 2013. | Fund Administrator, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (April 2002-present). | |||
Douglas Y. Charton YOB: 1982 |
Chief Legal Officer, Vice President and Clerk | Since August 2015. | Legal Counsel, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (July 2015-present); Associate, K&L Gates LLP (September 2007-July 2015). | |||
Megan Bunting YOB: 1978 |
Vice President and Assistant Clerk | Since September 2013. | Legal Counsel, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (September 2006-present). | |||
Meta S. David YOB: 1982 |
Vice President and Assistant Clerk | Since September 2013. | Legal Counsel, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (August 2012-present). | |||
Gregory L. Pottle YOB: 1971 |
Chief Compliance Officer | Chief Compliance Officer since May 2015; Vice President and Assistant Clerk, November 2006-November 2015. | Chief Compliance Officer, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (May 2015-present); Legal Counsel, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (March 2000-May 2015). |
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Name and Year of Birth |
Position(s) Held |
Length |
Principal Occupation(s) | |||
Kelly Hollister YOB: 1988 |
Anti-Money Laundering Officer | Since November 2014. | Compliance Associate, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (May 2012-present). |
* | Each officer of the Trust may also serve as an officer and/or director of certain pooled investment vehicles of which GMO or an affiliate of GMO serves as the investment adviser. With the exceptions of Messrs. Kittredge and Parker, each officer listed in the table above also serves as an officer of GMO Series Trust. |
Trustees Responsibilities. Under the provisions of the Declaration of Trust (as defined below under Description of the Trust and Ownership of Shares), the Trustees manage the business of the Trust, an open-end management investment company. The Trustees have all powers necessary or convenient to carry out that responsibility, including the power to engage in securities transactions on behalf of the Trust. Without limiting the foregoing, the Trustees may: adopt By-Laws not inconsistent with the Declaration of Trust providing for the regulation and management of the affairs of the Trust; amend and repeal By-Laws to the extent that such By-Laws do not reserve that right to the shareholders; fill vacancies in or remove members of the Board of Trustees (including any vacancies created by an increase in the number of Trustees); remove members of the Board of Trustees with or without cause; elect and remove such officers and appoint and terminate agents as they consider appropriate; appoint members of the Board of Trustees to one or more committees consisting of two or more Trustees, which may exercise the powers and authority of the Trustees, and terminate any such appointments; employ one or more custodians of the assets of the Trust and authorize such custodians to employ subcustodians and to deposit all or any part of such assets in a system or systems for the central handling of securities or with a Federal Reserve Bank; retain a transfer agent or a shareholder servicing agent, or both; provide for the distribution of Shares by the Trust, through one or more principal underwriters or otherwise; set record dates for the determination of Shareholders with respect to various matters; and in general delegate such authority as they consider desirable to any officer of the Trust, to any committee of the Trustees, and to any agent or employee of the Trust or to any such custodian or underwriter.
Board Leadership Structure and Risk Oversight. The Board of Trustees is responsible for the general oversight of each GMO Funds affairs and for assuring that each GMO Fund is managed in the best interests of its shareholders. The Board regularly reviews each GMO Funds investment performance as well as the quality of services provided to each GMO Fund and its shareholders by GMO and its affiliates, including shareholder servicing. At least annually, the Board reviews and evaluates the fees and operating expenses paid by each GMO Fund for these services and negotiates changes that it deems appropriate. In carrying out these responsibilities, the Board is assisted by the GMO Funds auditors, independent counsel to the Independent Trustees and other persons as appropriate, who are selected by and responsible to the Board. In addition, the GMO Funds Chief Compliance Officer reports directly to the Board.
Currently, all but one of the Trustees are Independent Trustees. The Independent Trustees must vote separately to approve all financial arrangements and other agreements with the Funds investment adviser, GMO, and other affiliated parties. The role of the Independent Trustees has been characterized as that of a watchdog charged with oversight of protecting shareholders interests against overreaching and abuse by those who are in a position to control or influence a fund. The Independent Trustees meet regularly as a group in executive session without
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representatives of GMO present. An Independent Board Member currently serves as Chairman of the Board of Trustees.
Taking into account the number, diversity, and complexity of the GMO Funds overseen by the Board of Trustees and the aggregate amount of assets under management in the GMO Funds, the Board has determined that the efficient conduct of its affairs makes it desirable to delegate responsibility for certain specific matters to committees of the Board. These committees, which are described in more detail below, review and evaluate matters specified in their charters and make recommendations to the Board as they deem appropriate. Each committee may utilize the resources of the GMO Funds counsel and auditors as well as other persons. The committees meet from time to time, either in conjunction with regular meetings of the Board or otherwise. The membership and chair of each committee are appointed by the Board upon recommendation of the Governance Committee. The membership and chair of each committee other than the Risk Oversight Committee consists exclusively of Independent Trustees.
The Board of Trustees has determined that this committee structure also allows the Board to focus more effectively on the oversight of risk as part of its broader oversight of each GMO Funds affairs. While risk management is primarily the responsibility of the Funds investment adviser, GMO, the Board regularly receives reports, including reports from GMO and the GMO Funds Chief Compliance Officer, regarding investment risks, compliance risks, and certain other risks applicable to the GMO Funds. The Boards committee structure allows separate committees, such as the Audit Committee, Pricing Committee, and Governance Committee, which are discussed in more detail below under Committees, to focus on different aspects of these risks within the scope of the committees authority and their potential impact on some or all of the GMO Funds, and to discuss with the GMO the ways in which GMO monitors and controls such risks. The Board has also established a separate Risk Oversight Committee to oversee the management of risks applicable to the Fund, to the extent such risks are not overseen by a separate standing committee of the Board or by the Board itself.
The Board recognizes that not all risks that may affect the GMO Funds can be identified, that it may not be practical or cost-effective to eliminate or mitigate certain risks, that it may be necessary to bear certain risks (such as investment-related risks) to achieve a GMO Funds goals, that reports received by the Trustees with respect to risk management matters are typically summaries of the relevant information, and that the processes, procedures and controls employed to address risks may be limited in their effectiveness. As a result of the foregoing and other factors, risk management oversight by the Board and by the Committees is subject to substantial limitations.
Committees
The Board of Trustees has the authority to establish committees, which may exercise the power and authority of the Trustees to the extent the Board determines. The committees assist the Board of Trustees in performing its functions and duties under the 1940 Act and Massachusetts law.
The Board of Trustees currently has established four standing committees: the Audit Committee, the Pricing Committee, the Risk Oversight Committee, and the Governance Committee. During the fiscal year ended February 28, 2015, the Audit Committee held five meetings; the Governance Committee held three meetings; the Pricing Committee held four meetings; and the Risk Oversight Committee held three meetings.
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Audit Committee. The Audit Committee (i) oversees the Trusts accounting and financial reporting policies and practices and internal controls over financial reporting; (ii) oversees the quality and objectivity of the Trusts financial statements and the independent audit of those statements; (iii) appoints, determines the independence and compensation of, and oversees the work performed by the Trusts independent auditors in preparing or issuing an audit report or related work; (iv) approves all audit and permissible non-audit services provided to the Trust, and certain other persons by the Trusts independent auditors; and (v) acts as a liaison between the Trusts independent auditors and the Board of Trustees. Mr. Braverman and Mr. Tufano are members of the Audit Committee, and Mr. Glazer is an alternate member of the Audit Committee. Mr. Braverman is the Chairman of the Audit Committee.
Governance Committee. The Governance Committee oversees general GMO Fund governance-related matters, including making recommendations to the Board of Trustees relating to governance of the Trust, reviewing possible conflicts of interest and independence issues involving Trustees, considering the skill sets and qualifications of prospective Trustees and to propose to the Board candidates to serve as Trustees, overseeing the determination that any person serving as legal counsel for the Independent Trustees qualifies as independent legal counsel, as that term is defined in the 1940 Act, and performing any other functions delegated to it by the Board of Trustees. Mr. Glazer and Mr. Braverman are members of the Governance Committee, and Mr. Tufano is an alternate member of the Governance Committee. Mr. Glazer is the Chairman of the Governance Committee.
As described above under Information About Each Trustees Experience, Qualifications, Attributes or Skills for Board Membership, the Governance Committee has responsibility for recommending to the Board of Trustees the nomination of candidates for election as Trustees, including identifying and evaluating the skill sets and qualifications of potential candidates. Prospective nominees may be recommended by the current Trustees, the Trusts Officers, GMO, current shareholders, or other sources that the Governance Committee deems appropriate. Candidates properly submitted by shareholders will be considered on the same basis as candidates recommended by other sources. The Governance Committee has full discretion to reject nominees.
The Governance Committee considers a variety of qualifications, skills, and other attributes in evaluating potential candidates for nomination to the Board of Trustees. The attributes considered may include, but are not limited to: (i) relevant industry and related experience, including experience serving on other boards; (ii) skill sets, areas of expertise, abilities and judgment; and (iii) availability and commitment to attend meetings and to perform the responsibilities of a Trustee. In evaluating potential candidates, the Governance Committee also considers the overall composition of the Board of Trustees and assesses the needs of the Board and its committees.
Shareholders may recommend nominees to the Board of Trustees by writing the Board of Trustees, c/o GMO Trust Chief Compliance Officer, GMO Trust, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110. A recommendation must (i) be in writing and signed by the shareholder; (ii) identify the GMO Fund to which it relates; and (iii) identify the class and number of shares held by the shareholder.
Pricing Committee. The Pricing Committee oversees the valuation of the securities and other assets held by the GMO Funds, reviews and makes recommendations regarding the Trusts Pricing Policies, and, to the extent required by the Trusts Pricing Policies, determines the fair value of the securities or other assets held by the GMO Funds. Mr. Tufano and Mr. Glazer are members of the Pricing
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Committee, and Mr. Braverman is an alternate member of the Pricing Committee. Mr. Tufano is the Chairman of the Pricing Committee.
Risk Oversight Committee. The Risk Oversight Committee assists the Board in overseeing the management of risks applicable to the GMO Funds to the extent those risks are not overseen by another standing committee of the Board or by the Board itself (e.g., financial reporting and audit-related operational or compliance risks, which are overseen by the Audit Committee, valuation-related operational or compliance risks, which are overseen by the Pricing Committee, or legal risks, which are overseen by the Board as a whole) including, without limitation, investment, operational and compliance risks. All of the Trustees are members of the Risk Oversight Committee, and Messrs. Braverman and Tufano are Co-Chairmen of the Risk Oversight Committee.
Trustee Fund Ownership
The following table sets forth ranges of the current Trustees direct beneficial share ownership in the Fund and the aggregate dollar ranges of their direct beneficial share ownership in all series of GMO Trust and GMO Series Trust (the Family of Investment Companies) as of December 31, 2014.
Name/Fund |
Dollar Range of Shares Directly Owned in the Fund |
Aggregate Dollar Range of Shares Directly Owned in all Registered Investment Companies (whether or not offered in the Prospectus) Overseen by Trustee in Family of Investment Companies | ||
INDEPENDENT TRUSTEES | ||||
Donald W. Glazer |
None | Over $100,000 | ||
Peter Tufano |
None | None | ||
Paul Braverman |
None | None | ||
INTERESTED TRUSTEE | ||||
Joseph B. Kittredge, Jr. |
None | None |
The following table sets forth ranges of the current Trustees indirect beneficial share ownership in the Fund and the aggregate dollar range of their indirect beneficial share ownership in the Family of Investment Companies as of December 31, 2014.
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Name/Fund |
Dollar Range of Shares Indirectly Owned in the Fund |
Aggregate Dollar Range of Shares Indirectly Owned in all Registered Investment Companies (whether or not offered in the Prospectus) Overseen by Trustee in Family of Investment Companies | ||
INDEPENDENT TRUSTEES | ||||
Donald W. Glazer |
None | Over $100,000 | ||
Peter Tufano |
None | None | ||
Paul Braverman |
None | None | ||
INTERESTED TRUSTEE | ||||
Joseph B. Kittredge, Jr. |
None | None |
Independent Trustee Ownership of Securities Issued by GMO or Principal Underwriter
None.
Independent Trustee Ownership of Related Companies
The following table sets forth information about securities owned by the current Independent Trustees and their family members, as of December 31, 2014, in GMO, Funds Distributor, LLC, the GMO Funds principal underwriter, or entities directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with GMO or Funds Distributor, LLC.
Name of Independent |
Name of Owner(s) and Relationship to Trustee |
Company |
Title of |
Value of Securities² |
% of Class | |||||
Donald W. Glazer |
Self | GMO Multi-Strategy Fund (Offshore), a private investment company managed by GMO.1 | Limited partnership interest Class A | $642,997.28 | 0.01% | |||||
Peter Tufano |
N/A | None | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||
Paul Braverman |
N/A | None | N/A | N/A | N/A |
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1 | GMO may be deemed to control this fund by virtue of its serving as investment manager of the fund and by virtue of its ownership interest in the fund. |
2 | Securities valued as of December 31, 2014. |
Remuneration. The Trust has adopted a compensation policy for its Independent Trustees. Each Independent Trustee receives an annual retainer from the Trust for his services. In addition, each Chairman of the Trusts standing committees and the Chairman of the Board of Trustees receive an annual fee. The Trust reimburses the Independent Trustees for travel expenses incurred in connection with attending Board and committee meetings. The Trust pays no additional compensation for travel time to meetings, attendance at directors educational seminars or conferences, service on industry or association committees, participation as speakers at directors conferences, or service on special director task forces or subcommittees, although the Trust does reimburse Independent Trustees for seminar or conference fees and for travel expenses incurred in connection with attendance at seminars or conferences. The Independent Trustees do not receive any employee benefits such as pension or retirement benefits or health insurance.
Other than as set forth in the following table, no Trustee of the Trust received any direct compensation from the Fund Complex or the Fund during the fiscal year ended February 28, 2015:
Donald W. Glazer, Trustee |
Peter Tufano, Trustee |
Paul Braverman, Trustee |
||||||||||
Compensation from the Fund: |
$ | 4,814 | $ | 4,064 | $ | 4,084 | ||||||
Pension or Retirement Benefits Accrued as Part of Fund Expenses: |
N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
Estimated Annual Benefits Upon Retirement: |
N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
Total Compensation from the Fund Complex: 1 |
$ | 385,367 | $ | 325,640 | $ | 328,241 |
1 | Reflects actual direct compensation received during the fiscal year ended February 28, 2015 from series of the Fund Complex that had commenced operations on or before February 28, 2015, which consisted of 47 series of GMO Trust and GMO Series Trust. |
No officer of the Trust received aggregate compensation exceeding $60,000 from the Fund during the fiscal year ended February 28, 2015.
Mr. Kittredge does not receive any compensation from the Fund Complex, but as a member of GMO will benefit from management, shareholder servicing, administration, and any other fees paid to GMO and its affiliates by the Fund and various other series of the Fund Complex not offered through the Prospectus. The officers of the Trust do not receive any employee benefits such as pension or retirement benefits or health insurance from the Trust.
As of November 16, 2015, the Trustees and officers of the Trust as a group owned less than 1% of the outstanding shares of the class of shares of the Fund.
Code of Ethics. The Trust and GMO have each adopted a Code of Ethics pursuant to the requirements of the 1940 Act. Under each Code of Ethics, personnel are permitted to engage in personal securities transactions only in accordance with specified conditions relating to their position, the identity of the security, the timing of the transaction, and similar factors. Transactions in securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund are permitted, subject to
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compliance with each Code. Personal securities transactions must be reported quarterly and broker confirmations must be provided for review.
The independent Trustees of the Trust are subject to a separate Code of Ethics for the Independent Trustees pursuant to the requirements of the 1940 Act. Transactions by the Independent Trustees in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund, are permitted, subject to compliance with the Code of Ethics. Pursuant to the Code of Ethics, an Independent Trustee ordinarily is not required to report his or her personal securities transactions or to identify his or her brokerage accounts to the Fund or its representatives, subject to certain limited exceptions specified in the Code of Ethics.
The Funds principal underwriter, which is not affiliated with the Fund or GMO, also has adopted a Code of Ethics pursuant to the requirements of the 1940 Act. Transactions in securities effected by the principal underwriters personnel who are designated as Access Persons under the Code of Ethics, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund, are permitted, subject to compliance with the Code of Ethics.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES
Management Contracts
As disclosed in the Prospectus under the heading Management of the Fund, under separate Management Contracts (each, a Management Contract) between the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and GMO, subject to such policies as the Trustees of the Trust may determine, GMO furnishes continuously an investment or asset allocation program, as applicable, for the Fund, and makes investment decisions on behalf of the Fund and places all orders for the purchase and sale of portfolio securities. Subject to the control of the Trustees, GMO also manages, supervises, and conducts the other affairs and business of the Trust, furnishes office space and equipment, provides bookkeeping and certain clerical services, and pays all salaries, fees, and expenses of officers and Trustees of the Trust who are affiliated with GMO. As indicated under Portfolio Transactions Brokerage and Research Services, the Trusts portfolio transactions may be placed with brokers who furnish GMO, at no cost, research, statistical and quotation services of value to GMO in advising the Trust or its other clients.
In addition, as disclosed in the Prospectus, GMO has contractually agreed to waive and/or reimburse the Fund for specified Fund expenses (as described in the Prospectus under the heading Fees and expenses) through at least December 1, 2016.
The Management Contract provides that GMO shall not be subject to any liability in connection with the performance of its services in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties.
The Management Contract was approved by the Trustees of the Trust (including a majority of the Trustees who were not interested persons of GMO) and by the Funds sole initial shareholder in connection with the organization of the Trust and the establishment of the Fund. Generally, the Management Contract continues in effect for a period of two years from the date of its execution and continuously thereafter so long as its continuance is approved at least annually by (i) the vote, cast in person at a meeting called for that purpose, of a majority of those Trustees who are not interested persons of GMO or the Trust; and by (ii) the majority vote of either the full Board of Trustees or the vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund. The Management Contract automatically terminates on assignment, and is terminable on not
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more than 60 days notice by the Trust to GMO. In addition, the Management Contract may be terminated on not more than 60 days written notice by GMO to the Trust.
The Management Fee is calculated based on a fixed percentage of the Funds average daily net assets.
Pursuant to the Funds previous Management Contract, the Fund has paid the following amounts as Management Fees to GMO during the last three fiscal years:
Gross | Reduction | Net | ||||||||||
Year ended 2/28/15 |
$ | 10,612,865 | $ | 1,184,588 | $ | 9,428,777 | ||||||
Year ended 2/28/14 |
$ | 11,288,705 | $ | 2,068,353 | $ | 9,220,352 | ||||||
Year ended 2/28/13 |
$ | 3,133,713 | $ | 743,265 | $ | 2,390,448 |
In the event that GMO ceases to be the manager of the Fund, the right of the Trust to use the identifying initials GMO and the name Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC may be withdrawn.
Portfolio Management
Management of the Fund is the responsibility of the GMO Systematic Global Macro Team. The teams members work collaboratively to manage the Funds portfolio, and no one person is primarily responsible for management of the Fund.
The following table sets forth information about accounts overseen or managed by the senior member of the GMO Systematic Global Macro Team as of February 28, 2015.
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Senior Member |
Registered investment companies managed (including non-GMO mutual fund subadvisory relationships) |
Other pooled investment vehicles managed (world- wide) |
Separate accounts managed (world-wide) | |||||||||
Number of accounts |
Total assets1 | Number of accounts |
Total assets | Number of accounts |
Total assets | |||||||
Jason Halliwell |
1 | $1,499,451,199 | 5 | $4,648,402,118 | 2 | $685,493,944 | ||||||
Senior Member |
Registered investment companies managed for which GMO receives a performance-based fee (including non-GMO mutual fund subadvisory relationships) |
Other pooled investment vehicles managed (world- wide) for which GMO receives a performance-based fee |
Separate accounts managed (world-wide) for which GMO receives a performance-based fee | |||||||||
Number of accounts |
Total assets | Number of accounts |
Total assets | Number of accounts |
Total assets | |||||||
Jason Halliwell |
0 | $0 | 3 | $4,644,881,869 | 1 | $604,670,576 |
1 | Total assets may include assets invested by other GMO Funds (including GMO Funds not offered through the Prospectus). |
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Because the senior member manages other accounts, including accounts that pay higher fees or accounts that pay performance-based fees, potential conflicts of interest exist, including potential conflicts between the investment strategy of the Fund and the investment strategy of the other accounts managed by the senior member and potential conflicts in the allocation of investment opportunities between the Fund and the other accounts.
The senior member of the GMO Systematic Global Macro Team is a member (partner) of GMO. As of February 28, 2015, the compensation of the senior member consisted of a fixed annual base salary and, possibly, an additional, discretionary, bonus related to the senior members contribution to GMOs success and a partnership interest in the firms profits. The compensation program does not disproportionately reward outperformance by higher-fee/performance-fee products. Base salary is determined by taking into account current industry norms and market data to ensure that GMO pays a competitive base salary. A discretionary bonus may be paid to recognize specific business contributions and to ensure that the total level of compensation is competitive with the market. The level of partnership interest is determined by taking into account the individuals contribution to GMO and its mission statement. Because each persons compensation is based on his or her individual performance, GMO does not have a typical percentage split among base salary, bonus and other compensation. A GMO partnership interest is the primary incentive for persons to maintain employment with GMO. GMO believes this is the best incentive to maintain stability of portfolio management personnel.
Senior Member Fund Ownership. Jason Halliwell did not have any direct beneficial share ownership in the Fund as of February 28, 2015. As of February 28, 2015, Mr. Halliwells dollar range of indirect beneficial share ownership in the Fund was $1$10,000.
Custodial Arrangements and Fund Accounting Agents. As described in the Prospectus, State Street Bank and Trust Company (State Street Bank), One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, serves as the Trusts custodian and fund accounting agent. As such, State Street Bank holds in safekeeping certificated securities and cash belonging to the Fund and, in such capacity, is the registered owner of securities in book-entry form belonging to the Fund. Upon instruction, State Street Bank receives and delivers cash and securities of the Fund in connection with Fund transactions and collects all dividends and other distributions made with respect to Fund portfolio securities. State Street Bank also maintains certain accounts and records of the Trust and calculates the total net asset value, total net income and net asset value per share of the Fund on a daily basis.
Shareholder Service Arrangements. As disclosed in the Prospectus, pursuant to the terms of an amended and restated servicing and supplemental support agreement (the Servicing Agreement) with the Fund and other GMO Funds of the Trust, GMO provides direct client service, maintenance, and reporting to Fund shareholders. The Servicing Agreement was approved by the Trustees of the Trust (including a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons of GMO or the Trust). The Servicing Agreement will continue in effect for a period of more than one year from the date of its execution only so long as its continuance is approved at least annually by (i) the vote, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose, of a majority of those Trustees who are not interested persons of GMO or the Trust, and (ii) the majority vote of the full Board of Trustees. The Servicing Agreement automatically terminates
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on assignment (except as specifically provided in the Servicing Agreement) and is terminable by either party upon not more than 60 days written notice to the other party.
The Trust entered into the Servicing Agreement with GMO on May 30, 1996. Pursuant to the terms of the Servicing Agreement, the Fund paid GMO the following amounts (after reimbursement by GMO) during the last three fiscal years:
March 1, 2012 Through February 28, 2013 |
March 1, 2013 Through February 28, 2014 |
March 1, 2014 Through February 28, 2015 |
||||||||
$ | 671,509 | $ | 2,419,008 | $ | 2,272,572 |
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. The Trusts independent registered public accounting firm is PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, 101 Seaport Boulevard, Suite 500, Boston, Massachusetts 02210. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP conducts annual audits of the Trusts financial statements, assists in the preparation of the Funds federal and state income tax returns, consults with the Trust as to matters of accounting and federal and state income taxation, provides assistance in connection with the preparation of various SEC filings, and consults with the Trust as to certain non-U.S. tax matters.
Distributor. Funds Distributor, LLC, 3 Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101, serves as the Trusts distributor on behalf of the Fund. GMO pays all distribution-related expenses of the Fund. Funds Distributor, LLC offers shares of the Fund for sale on a continuous basis and will use all reasonable efforts in connection with distribution of shares of the Fund.
Counsel. Ropes & Gray LLP, Prudential Tower, 800 Boylston Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02199, serves as counsel to the Trust. Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, 225 Franklin Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, serves as independent counsel to the independent Trustees of the Trust.
Transfer Agent. State Street Bank serves as the Trusts transfer agent on behalf of the Fund.
Decisions to buy and sell portfolio securities for the Fund and for each of its other investment advisory clients are made by GMO with a view to achieving each clients investment objectives taking into consideration other account-specific factors such as, without limitation, cash flows into or out of the account, current holdings, the accounts benchmark(s), if any, applicable regulatory limitations, liquidity, cash restrictions, applicable transaction documentation requirements, market registration requirements, and/or time constraints limiting GMOs ability to confirm adequate transaction documentation or seek interpretation of investment guideline ambiguities. Therefore, a particular security may be bought or sold only for certain clients of GMO even though it could have been bought or sold for other clients at the same time. Also, a particular security may be bought/sold for one or more clients when one or more other clients are selling/buying the security or taking a short position in the security, including clients invested in the same investment strategy. Additionally, one of GMOs investment teams may share
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investment ideas with one or more other investment teams and/or may manage a portion of another investment teams client accounts.
To the extent permitted by applicable law, GMOs compliance policies and procedures and a clients investment guidelines, GMO may engage in cross trades where, as investment manager to a client account, GMO causes that client account to purchase a security directly from (or sell a security directly to) another client account.
In certain cases, GMO may identify investment opportunities that are suitable for the Fund and one or more private investment companies for which GMO or one of its affiliates serves as investment manager, general partner, and/or managing member (GMO Private Funds). In most cases, GMO receives greater compensation in respect of a GMO Private Fund (including incentive-based compensation) than it receives in respect of a GMO Fund. In addition, senior members or other portfolio managers frequently have a personal investment in a GMO Private Fund that is greater than such persons investment in a similar GMO Fund (or, in some cases, may have no investment in the similar GMO Fund). GMO itself also makes investments in GMO Private Funds. To help manage these potential conflicts, GMO has developed and reviewed with the Trusts Board of Trustees trade allocation policies that establish a framework for allocating IPOs and other limited opportunities that take into account the needs and objectives of each GMO Fund and the other GMO clients.
Transactions involving the issuance of Fund shares for securities or assets other than cash will be limited to a bona fide reorganization or statutory merger and to other acquisitions of portfolio securities that meet all of the following conditions: (i) such securities meet the investment objectives and policies of the Fund; (ii) such securities are acquired for investment and not for resale; and (iii) such securities can be valued pursuant to the Trusts pricing policies.
Brokerage and Research Services. Orders for the purchase or sale of securities may be placed on a principal or agency basis with brokers, in GMOs discretion. In selecting brokers and dealers to effect portfolio transactions for the Fund, GMO seeks best execution and also takes into account the research services provided by the broker. Best execution is not based solely on the explicit commission charged by the broker and, consequently, a broker effecting a transaction may be paid a commission higher than that charged by another broker for the same transaction. Seeking best execution involves the weighing of qualitative as well as quantitative factors, and evaluations of best execution are, to a large extent, possible, if at all, only after multiple trades have been completed. GMO does place trades with brokers that provide investment ideas and other research services, even if the relevant broker has not yet demonstrated an ability to effect best execution; however, trading with such a broker (as with any and all brokers) will typically be curtailed or suspended, in due course, if GMO is not reasonably satisfied with the quality of particular trade executions, unless or until the broker has altered its execution capabilities in such a way that GMO can reasonably conclude that the broker is capable of achieving best execution.
The determination of what may constitute best execution involves a number of considerations in varying degrees of emphasis, including, without limitation, the overall net economic result to the Fund; the efficiency with which the transaction is effected; access to order flow; the ability of the executing broker to effect the transaction where a large block is involved; reliability (e.g., lack of
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failed trades); availability of the broker to stand ready to execute possibly difficult transactions in the future; technological capabilities of the broker, including but not limited to execution technology; the brokers inventory of securities sought; reported broker flow; post-transaction reporting capabilities; the financial strength and stability of the broker; past bids and willingness to commit capital in the case of principal trades; and the relative weighting of opportunity costs (i.e., timeliness of execution) by different trading strategies. Due to the similarities among brokers in technological execution capabilities and commissions paid, GMO often allocates program or algorithmic developed market equity trades across multiple brokers. Additionally, regulations in certain markets, particularly emerging markets, require GMO to identify and trade with one or a limited number of brokers. Most of the foregoing are subjective considerations made in advance of the trade and are not always borne out by the actual execution.
GMOs broker selection may, in addition to the factors listed above, also be based on research services provided by the broker. In seeking best execution and in determining the overall reasonableness of brokerage commissions, GMO may consider research services received by brokers and therefore, may select or recommend a broker based on GMOs interest in receiving the research, rather than on the lowest commission charged. GMO may also direct trades to brokers based in part on the brokers history of providing, and capability to continue providing, pricing information for securities purchased.
Generally, GMO determines the overall reasonableness of brokerage commissions paid upon consideration of the relative merits of a number of factors, which may include: (i) the net economic effect to the particular Fund; (ii) historical and current commission rates; (iii) the kind and quality of the execution services rendered; (iv) the size and nature of the transactions effected; and (v) research services received. These factors are considered mostly over multiple transactions covering extended periods of time in varying degrees of emphasis. In some instances, GMO may evaluate best execution on principal bids based on the total commissions charged (the bid for handling a trade as a principal trade) because the trades were filled at the price set at an agreed upon time (e.g., previous nights close). In those cases, any additional impact or cost is represented by the cents per share or basis points paid in addition to a typical commission rate.
GMO relies on the statutory safe harbor in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the 1934 Act) because GMO will frequently use brokers that provide research in all markets and that research is a factor in evaluating brokers. However, GMO does not participate in any formal soft dollar arrangements involving third party research (i.e., research provided by someone other than the executing broker) or the payment of GMOs out-of-pocket expenses for data or other research services. The research services received by GMO are limited to the types of research contemplated by Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act. Research services provided by brokers take various forms, including personal interviews with analysts, written reports, pricing services in respect of securities, and meetings arranged with various sources of information regarding particular issuers (including, where permissible, company management), industries, governmental policies, specific information about local markets and applicable regulations, economic trends, and other matters. To the extent that services of value are received by GMO, GMO receives a benefit because it does not have to produce or pay for the services itself. Such services furnished to GMO may be used in furnishing investment or other advice to
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all or some subset of GMOs clients, including the Fund, and services received from a broker that executed transactions for a particular Fund will not necessarily be used by GMO specifically in providing investment advice to that particular Fund.
The Trust paid, on behalf of the Fund, the following amounts in brokerage commissions(a) during the three most recent fiscal years:
March 1, 2012 Through February 28, 2013 |
March 1, 2013 Through February 28, 2014 |
March 1, 2014 Through February 28, 2015 |
||||||||
$ | 97,127 | $ | 414,973 | $ | 517,175 |
(a) | Brokerage commissions include commissions paid by the Fund and its wholly-owned subsidiary. |
Differences in the amount of brokerage commissions paid by the Fund during the Funds three most recent fiscal years (as disclosed in the table above) are generally the result of (i) active trading strategies employed by GMO when responding to changes in market conditions; (ii) management of cash flows into and out of the Fund as a result of shareholder purchases and redemptions; (iii) rebalancing portfolios to reflect the results of GMOs portfolio management models; (iv) changes in commission rates in the relevant markets; or (v) the use of principal trades. Changes in the amount of brokerage commissions paid by the Fund do not reflect material changes in the Funds investment objective or strategies.
The Fund did not acquire securities of its regular brokers or dealers (as defined in the 1940 Act) or of its parents during the fiscal year ended February 28, 2015.
Due to restrictions under the 1940 Act, it is possible that, as the result of certain affiliations between a broker or its affiliates and the Fund, GMO or the Funds distributor, all of the GMO Funds may refrain, or be required to refrain, from engaging in principal trades with such broker. Additionally, the GMO Funds may be restricted in their ability to purchase securities issued by affiliates of the Funds distributor.
PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
The Trust has adopted a proxy voting policy under which responsibility to vote proxies related to its portfolio securities has been delegated to GMO. The Board of Trustees of the Trust has reviewed and approved the proxy voting policies and procedures GMO follows when voting proxies on behalf of the Fund. The Trusts proxy voting policy and GMOs proxy voting policies and procedures are attached to this SAI as Appendix C.
GMOs proxy voting policies on a particular issue may or may not reflect the views of individual members of the Board of Trustees of the Trust, or a majority of the Board of Trustees.
Information regarding how the Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 will be available on the Trusts website at www.gmo.com and on the SECs website at www.sec.gov no later than August 31 of each year.
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DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
The policy of the Trust is to protect the confidentiality of the Funds portfolio holdings and to prevent inappropriate selective disclosure of those holdings. The Board of Trustees has approved this policy and material amendments require its approval.
Registered investment companies that are sub-advised by GMO may be subject to different portfolio holdings disclosure policies, and neither GMO nor the Board of Trustees exercises control over those policies. In addition, separate account clients of GMO have access to their portfolio holdings and are not subject to the Funds portfolio holdings disclosure policies. Some of the funds that are sub-advised by GMO and some of the separate accounts managed by GMO have substantially similar investment objectives and strategies and, therefore, potentially similar portfolio holdings.
Information regarding the composition of the Funds portfolio is the property of that Fund. Neither GMO nor any Fund will receive any compensation or other consideration in connection with its disclosure of the Funds portfolio holdings.
GMO may disclose the Funds portfolio holdings (together with any other information from which the Funds portfolio holdings could reasonably be derived, as reasonably determined by GMO) (the Portfolio Holdings Information) to shareholders (including shareholders of record of indirect investments in the Fund through another fund managed by GMO), qualified potential shareholders as determined by GMO (including qualified potential shareholders of record who are considering an indirect investment in the Fund through another fund managed by GMO), and their consultants and agents (collectively, Permitted Recipients).
Except as otherwise noted, to receive Portfolio Holdings Information, Permitted Recipients must enter into a confidentiality agreement with GMO that requires that the Portfolio Holdings Information be used solely for purposes determined by senior management of GMO to be lawful and in the best interest of the shareholders of the Fund to which the information relates. Any exception must be approved in advance as described below.
The Funds Prospectus describes the type of information disclosed on GMOs website, as well as the frequency with which it is disclosed and the lag between the date of the information and the date of its disclosure. Up to the largest fifteen holdings of some GMO Funds may be posted monthly on GMOs website and typically are available to shareholders without a confidentiality agreement. In addition, position attribution information regarding one or more Funds may be posted monthly to GMOs website (e.g., best/worst performing positions in the Fund over a specified time period). Such information is available without a confidentiality agreement to registered users of GMOs website.
GMO also may make Portfolio Holdings Information available to Permitted Recipients without a confidentiality agreement, by e-mail, or by any other means in such scope and form and with such frequency as GMO may reasonably determine, (i) on any day following the day on which the Portfolio Holdings Information is posted on the GMO website (provided that the Prospectus describes the nature and scope of the Portfolio Holdings Information that will be available on the GMO website, when the information will be available and the period for which the information
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will remain available, and the location on the Funds website where the information will be made available) or (ii) on the same day or any day after the day such Portfolio Holdings Information is made available through a publicly available, routine filing with the SEC.
GMO also may from time to time disclose Portfolio Holdings Information to all shareholders of the Fund and, as applicable, their consultants and agents (including shareholders of record of indirect investments in the Fund through another fund managed by GMO). Such disclosure may be made by e-mail, written notice or any other means in such scope and form as GMO may reasonably determine, and generally will not be subject to a confidentiality agreement and will not be required to be posted to GMOs website in advance.
In some cases, GMO may disclose to a third party Portfolio Holdings Information that has not been made available to Permitted Recipients on the GMO website or in a publicly available, routine filing with the SEC. That disclosure may only be made if GMO determines that it is in the best interests of the shareholders of the Fund to which the information relates. That determination may be made by either GMOs General Counsel (or persons designated by GMOs General Counsel) or GMOs Chief Compliance Officer, in consultation with the relevant portfolio manager. The third party receiving the Portfolio Holdings Information must be, and shall be informed that it is, under a duty not to trade on such information or disclose it to others and shall agree in writing not to do so. In addition, the third party receiving the Portfolio Holdings Information must enter into a confidentiality agreement with GMO that requires that the Portfolio Holdings Information be used solely for purposes determined by GMO senior management to be in the best interest of the Funds shareholders.
The procedures pursuant to which GMO may disclose to a third party Portfolio Holdings Information that has not been made available to Permitted Recipients do not apply to Portfolio Holdings Information provided to entities who provide on-going services to the Fund in connection with their day-to-day operations and management, including GMO, GMOs affiliates, the Funds custodians and auditors, the Funds pricing service vendors, brokers when requesting bids for or price quotations on securities, brokers in the normal course of trading on the Funds behalf, and persons assisting the Fund in the voting of proxies. In addition, (i) when an investor indicates that it wants to purchase shares of the Fund in exchange for securities acceptable to GMO, GMO may make available a list of securities that it would be willing to accept for the Fund, and, from time to time, the securities on the list may overlap with securities currently held by the Fund; and (ii) when the Fund determines to pay redemption proceeds wholly or partly in-kind with securities, GMO may make available a list of securities it intends to deliver from the Fund.
No provision of this policy is intended to restrict or prevent the disclosure of Portfolio Holdings Information as may be required by applicable law, rules or regulations.
GMOs General Counsel or Chief Compliance Officer may authorize exceptions to these procedures. Exceptions must be disclosed to the Chief Compliance Officer of the Trust or his designee.
If GMO becomes aware that a recipient has or is likely to violate the terms of a confidentiality agreement regarding Portfolio Holdings Information, GMO shall cease providing such
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information to such recipient.
If senior management of GMO identifies a potential conflict with respect to the disclosure of Portfolio Holdings Information between the interest of the Funds shareholders, on the one hand, and GMO or an affiliated person of GMO or the Fund, on the other, GMO is required to inform the Trusts Chief Compliance Officer of the potential conflict, and the Trusts Chief Compliance Officer has the power to decide whether, in light of the potential conflict, disclosure should be permitted under the circumstances. The Trusts Chief Compliance Officer also is required to report his decision to the Board of Trustees.
GMO periodically reports the following information to the Board of Trustees:
| Determinations made by senior management of GMO relating to the use of Portfolio Holdings Information by Permitted Recipients and third parties; |
| The nature and scope of disclosure of Portfolio Holdings Information to third parties; |
| Exceptions to the disclosure policy authorized by GMOs General Counsel or Chief Compliance Officer; and |
| Any other information the Trustees may request relating to the disclosure of Portfolio Holdings Information. |
Ongoing Arrangements to Make Portfolio Holdings Available. Senior management of GMO has authorized disclosure of Portfolio Holdings Information on an on-going basis (generally, daily, except with respect to PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, which receives holdings semi-annually and as necessary in connection with the services it provides to the Fund) to the following entities that provide on-going services to the Fund in connection with their day-to-day operations and management, provided that they agree to, or have a duty to, maintain this information in confidence:
Name of Recipient |
Purpose of Disclosure | |
State Street Bank and Trust Company |
Custodial services, fund accounting services and compliance testing | |
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP |
Independent registered public accounting firm | |
Interactive Data Corporation |
Fair value pricing | |
Institutional Shareholder Services Inc. (formerly known as RiskMetrics Group, Inc.) |
Corporate actions services | |
Super Derivatives, Inc. |
Derivative valuations | |
TriOptima AB |
Portfolio derivative reconciliations | |
FactSet |
Data service provider |
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Name of Recipient |
Purpose of Disclosure | |
Ernst & Young |
Consulting and local tax services |
Senior management of GMO has authorized disclosure of Portfolio Holdings Information on an on-going basis (daily) to the following recipients, provided that they agree or have a duty to maintain this information in confidence and are limited to using the information for the specific purpose for which it was provided:
Name of Recipient |
Purpose of Disclosure | |
Epstein & Associates, Inc. |
Software provider for Code of Ethics monitoring system |
DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST AND OWNERSHIP OF SHARES
The Trust, an open-end management investment company, is organized as a Massachusetts business trust under the laws of Massachusetts by an Agreement and Declaration of Trust (Declaration of Trust) dated June 24, 1985, as amended and restated September 10, 2009, and as such Declaration of Trust may be amended from time to time. A copy of the Declaration of Trust is on file with the Secretary of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Trust operates as a series investment company that consists of separate series of investment portfolios, each of which is represented by a separate series of shares of beneficial interest. The Fund is a series of the Trust. The fiscal year for the Fund ends on the last day of February.
Pursuant to the Declaration of Trust, the Trustees have currently authorized the issuance of an unlimited number of full and fractional shares of thirty-nine series: Alpha Only Fund; Asset Allocation Bond Fund; Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund; Benchmark-Free Fund; Benchmark-Free Bond Fund; Core Plus Bond Fund; Currency Hedged International Bond Fund; Debt Opportunities Fund; Developed World Stock Fund; Emerging Countries Fund; Emerging Country Debt Fund; Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund; Emerging Markets Fund; Foreign Fund; Foreign Small Companies Fund; GAAR Implementation Fund; Global Asset Allocation Fund; Global Bond Fund; Global Developed Equity Allocation Fund; Global Equity Allocation Fund; Global Focused Equity Fund; High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund; Implementation Fund; International Developed Equity Allocation Fund; International Equity Allocation Fund; International Equity Fund; International Large/Mid Cap Equity Fund; International Small Companies Fund; Quality Fund; Resources Fund; Risk Premium Fund; Special Opportunities Fund; Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund; SGM Major Markets Fund; Taiwan Fund; Tax-Managed International Equities Fund; U.S. Equity Allocation Fund; U.S. Treasury Fund; and World Opportunity Overlay Fund.
Note that International Large/Mid Cap Equity Fund and U.S. Equity Allocation Fund are successors to International Disciplined Equity Fund and U.S. Core Equity Fund, respectively (each, a Predecessor Fund). Each Predecessor Fund is a former series of GMO Trust.
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Interests in each portfolio (GMO Fund) are represented by shares of the corresponding series. Each share of each series represents an equal proportionate interest, together with each other share, in the corresponding GMO Fund. The shares of such series do not have any preemptive rights. Upon liquidation of a GMO Fund, shareholders of the corresponding series are entitled to share pro rata in the net assets of the GMO Fund available for distribution to shareholders. The Declaration of Trust also permits the Trustees to charge shareholders directly for custodial, transfer agency, and servicing expenses, but the Trustees have no present intention to make such charges.
The Declaration of Trust also permits the Trustees, without shareholder approval, to subdivide any series of shares into various sub-series or classes of shares with such dividend preferences and other rights as the Trustees may designate. This power is intended to allow the Trustees to provide for an equitable allocation of the effect of any future regulatory requirements that might affect various classes of shareholders differently. The Trustees have currently authorized the establishment and designation of up to ten classes of shares for each series of the Trust: Class I Shares, Class II Shares, Class III Shares, Class IV Shares, Class V Shares, Class VI Shares, Class VII Shares, Class VIII Shares, Class M Shares, and Class MF Shares.
The Trustees also may, without shareholder approval, establish one or more additional separate portfolios for investments in the Trust or merge two or more existing portfolios (i.e., a new fund). Shareholders investments in such a portfolio would be evidenced by a separate series of shares.
The Declaration of Trust provides for the perpetual existence of the Trust. The Trust, however, may be terminated at any time by vote of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares of the Trust. While the Declaration of Trust further provides that the Trustees also may terminate the Trust upon written notice to the shareholders, the 1940 Act requires that the Trust receive the authorization of a majority of its outstanding shares in order to change the nature of its business so as to cease to be an investment company.
On November 16, 2015, the following shareholders held beneficially (unless otherwise indicated) greater than 25% of the outstanding shares of the Fund offered in the Prospectus. For each shareholder listed that is not an individual, the jurisdiction under the laws of which the shareholder is organized (if applicable) and any parent company of the shareholder are listed, if known:
Fund |
Shareholders | Jurisdiction of Organization |
Parent Company |
|||||||||
SGM Major Markets Fund |
GMO Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund | MA | N/A |
The above shareholders may be deemed to control their respective series as such term is defined in the 1940 Act.
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Shareholders should be aware that to the extent a shareholders investment in the Fund exceeds certain threshold amounts or percentages, the investment may constitute a reportable acquisition under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Act (HSR) and the shareholder may be required to make a corresponding filing under HSR. HSR regulations are complex and shareholders should consult their legal advisers about the precise HSR filing consequences of an investment in the Fund.
As of November 16, 2015, substantially all of the Funds shares were held by accounts for which GMO has investment discretion.
Shareholders are entitled to one vote for each full share held (with fractional votes for fractional shares held) and to vote by individual GMO Fund (to the extent described below) in the election of Trustees and the termination of the Trust and on other matters submitted to the vote of shareholders. Shareholders vote by individual GMO Fund on all matters except (i) when required by the 1940 Act, shares are voted in the aggregate and not by individual GMO Fund, and (ii) when the Trustees have determined that the matter affects the interests of more than one GMO Fund, then shareholders of the affected GMO Funds are entitled to vote. Shareholders of one GMO Fund are not entitled to vote on matters exclusively affecting another GMO Fund including, without limitation, such matters as the adoption of or change in the investment objectives, policies, or restrictions of the other GMO Fund and the approval of the investment advisory contract of the other GMO Fund. Shareholders of a particular class of shares do not have separate class voting rights except for matters that affect only that class of shares and as otherwise required by law.
Normally the Trust does not hold meetings of shareholders to elect Trustees except in accordance with the 1940 Act (i) the Trust will hold a shareholders meeting for the election of Trustees at such time as less than a majority of the Trustees holding office have been elected by shareholders, and (ii) if, as a result of a vacancy in the Board of Trustees, less than two-thirds of the Trustees holding office have been elected by the shareholders, that vacancy may only be filled by a vote of the shareholders. In addition, Trustees may be removed from office by a written consent signed by the holders of two-thirds of the outstanding shares and filed with the Trusts custodian or by a vote of the holders of two-thirds of the outstanding shares at a meeting duly called for that purpose, which meeting shall be held upon the written request of the holders of not less than 10% of the outstanding shares. Upon written request by the holders of at least 1% of the outstanding shares stating that such shareholders wish to communicate with the other shareholders for the purpose of obtaining the signatures necessary to demand a meeting to consider removal of a Trustee, the Trust has undertaken to provide a list of shareholders or to disseminate appropriate materials (at the expense of the requesting shareholders). Except as set forth above, the Trustees will continue to hold office and may appoint successor Trustees. Voting rights are not cumulative.
The Declaration of Trust may be amended at any time by an instrument in writing signed by a majority of the then Trustees when authorized so to do by vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Trust entitled to vote, except that amendments described in Article III, Section 5 of the Declaration of Trust (permitting the Trustees to add to, delete, replace or otherwise modify any provisions relating to shares contained in the Declaration of Trust for the purpose of (i)
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responding to or complying with any regulations, orders, rulings or interpretations of any governmental agency or any laws applicable to the Trust, or (ii) designating and establishing series and classes) or having the purpose of changing the name of the Trust or of supplying any omission, curing any ambiguity or curing, correcting or supplementing any defective or inconsistent provision contained in the Declaration of Trust shall not require authorization by shareholder vote.
SHAREHOLDER AND TRUSTEE LIABILITY
Under Massachusetts law, shareholders could, under some circumstances, be held personally liable for the obligations of the Trust. However, the Declaration of Trust disclaims shareholder liability for acts or obligations of the Trust and requires that notice of that disclaimer be given in each agreement, obligation, or instrument entered into or executed by the Trust or the Trustees. The Declaration of Trust provides for indemnification out of all the property of the Fund for all loss and expense of any shareholder of the Fund held personally liable for the obligations of the Trust. Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which the disclaimer is inoperative and the Fund in which the shareholder holds shares is unable to meet its obligations.
The Declaration of Trust further provides that the Trustees will not be liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law. However, nothing in the Declaration of Trust protects a Trustee against any liability to which the Trustee would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office. The By-Laws of the Trust provide for indemnification by the Trust of the Trustees and the officers of the Trust except for any matter as to which any such person did not act in good faith in the reasonable belief that his action was in or not opposed to the best interests of the Trust. Trustees and officers may not be indemnified against any liability to the Trust or the Trust shareholders to which they would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of their office.
BENEFICIAL OWNERS OF 5% OR MORE OF THE FUNDS SHARES
As of the date of this SAI, only Class III shares of the Fund are outstanding. The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding Class III Shares of the Fund as of November 16, 2015:
Name and Address |
% Ownership | |||
GMO Benchmark Free Allocation Fund c/o GMO LLC 40 Rowes Wharf Boston, MA 02110 |
71.06 |
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Name and Address |
% Ownership | |||
GMO Benchmark-Free Fund c/o GMO LLC 40 Rowes Wharf Boston, MA 02110 |
14.85 | |||
GMO Global Asset Allocation Fund c/o GMO LLC 40 Rowes Wharf Boston, MA 02110 |
8.12 |
The Trusts audited financial statements, financial highlights, and report of the independent registered public accounting firm of the Fund, included in the Annual Report for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2015 for the Fund and filed with the SEC pursuant to Section 30(d) of the 1940 Act and the rules promulgated thereunder, are hereby incorporated in this SAI by reference. The Funds Annual Report for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2015 was filed electronically with the SEC on Form N-CSR on May 1, 2015 (Accession No. 0001193125-15-165975).
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GMO TRUST
SPECIMEN PRICE MAKE-UP SHEETS
Following are computations for the Fund of the total offering price per share of the class of shares of beneficial interest of the Fund that are offered through the Prospectus and that had shares of beneficial interest outstanding as of February 28, 2015, based upon its net asset values and shares of beneficial interest outstanding as of the close of business on February 28, 2015.
GMO SGM Major Markets Fund Class III |
| |||
Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $33.80 per share based on 44,362,462 shares of beneficial interest outstanding) |
$ | 1,499,442,615 | ||
Offering Price |
$ | 33.80 |
A-1
COMMERCIAL PAPER AND CORPORATE DEBT RATINGS
Commercial Paper Ratings
Standard & Poors. Standard & Poors short-term ratings are generally assigned to those obligations considered short-term in the relevant market. In the U.S., for example, that means obligations with an original maturity of no more than 365 days including commercial paper. The following are excerpts from Standard & Poors short-term issue credit ratings definitions:
A-1 A short-term obligation rated A-1 is rated in the highest category by Standard & Poors. The obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.
A-2 A short-term obligation rated A-2 is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.
A-3 A short-term obligation rated A-3 exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B A short-term obligation rated B is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligors inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.
C A short-term obligation rated C is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
D A short-term obligation rated D is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the D rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless Standard & Poors believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligations rating is lowered to D if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.
Moodys. Moodys short-term ratings are assigned to obligations with an original maturity of thirteen months or less and reflect the likelihood of a default on contractually promised payments. The following are excerpts from Moodys short-term ratings definitions:
P-1 Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
B-1
P-2 Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-3 Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.
NP Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
Corporate Debt Ratings
Standard & Poors. A Standard & Poors issue credit rating is a forward-looking opinion about the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of financial obligations, or a specific financial program. The following are excerpts from Standard & Poors long-term issue credit ratings definitions:
AAA An obligation rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poors. The obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.
AA An obligation rated AA differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.
A An obligation rated A is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.
BBB An obligation rated BBB exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
BB, B, CCC, CC, and C Obligations rated BB, B, CCC, CC, and C are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. BB indicates the least degree of speculation and C the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
BB An obligation rated BB is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, which could lead to the obligors inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B An obligation rated B is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated BB, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligors capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CCC An obligation rated CCC is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on
B-2
the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CC An obligation rated CC is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The CC rating is used when a default has not yet occurred, but Standard & Poors expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.
C An obligation rated C is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared to obligations that are rated higher.
D An obligation rated D is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the D rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless Standard & Poors believes that such payments will be made within five business days, in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligations rating is lowered to D if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.
Plus (+) or Minus (-) The ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
NR This indicates that no rating has been requested, or that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poors does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.
Moodys. Moodys long-term ratings are assigned to issuers or obligations with an original maturity of one year or more and reflect both on the likelihood of a default on contractually promised payments and expected financial loss suffered in the event of default. The following are excerpts from Moodys long-term obligation ratings definitions:
Aaa Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.
Aa Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
A Obligations rated A are judged to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
Baa Obligations rated Baa are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
Ba Obligations rated Ba are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.
B Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
Caa Obligations rated Caa are judged to be speculative of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
B-3
Ca Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
C Obligations rated C are the lowest rated and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.
Note: Moodys appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category. Additionally, a (hyb) indicator is appended to all ratings of hybrid securities issued by banks, insurers, finance companies, and securities firms.*
* | By their terms, hybrid securities allow for the omission of scheduled dividends, interest, or principal payments, which can potentially result in impairment if such an omission occurs. Hybrid securities may also be subject to contractually allowable write-downs of principal that could result in impairment. Together with the hybrid indicator, the long-term obligation rating assigned to a hybrid security is an expression of the relative credit risk associated with that security. |
B-4
GMO TRUST
PROXY VOTING POLICY
Adopted September 16, 2003, Revised March 11, 2010
I. Statement of Policy
GMO Trust (the Trust) delegates the authority and responsibility to vote proxies related to portfolio securities held by the series of the Trust (each, a Fund, and collectively, the Funds) to Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC, its investment adviser (the Adviser).
The Board of Trustees (the Board) of the Trust has reviewed and approved the use of the proxy voting policies and procedures of the Adviser (Proxy Voting Procedures) on behalf of the Funds when exercising voting authority on behalf of the Funds.
II. Standard
The Adviser shall vote proxies related to portfolio securities in the best interests of the Funds and their shareholders. In the event of any conflicts of interest between the Adviser and the Funds, the Adviser shall follow procedures that enable it to cause the proxy to be voted in the best interests of the Funds and their shareholders, which may include (1) causing the proxy to be voted pursuant to the recommendation of an independent third party, pursuant to pre-established proxy voting guidelines, or (2) seeking instructions from the Board on the manner in which the proxy should be voted.
III. Review of Proxy Voting Procedures
The Board shall periodically review the Proxy Voting Procedures presented by the Adviser.
The Adviser shall provide periodic reports to the Board regarding any proxy votes where a material conflict of interest was identified except in circumstances where the Adviser caused the proxy to be voted consistent with the recommendation of the independent third party.
The Adviser shall notify the Board promptly of any material change to its Proxy Voting Procedures.
IV. Securities Lending
When a Fund lends its portfolio securities, the Adviser pursuant to the authority delegated to it by the Fund retains an obligation with respect to voting proxies relating to such securities. However, while such securities are on loan, a Fund will not have the right to vote the proxies relating to those securities. As a result, a Fund will only loan its portfolio securities pursuant to securities lending arrangements that permit the Fund to recall a loaned security or to exercise voting rights associated with the security. However, the Adviser generally will not arrange to have a security recalled or to exercise voting rights associated with a security unless the Adviser
C-1
both (1) receives adequate notice of a proposal upon which shareholders are being asked to vote (which the Adviser often does not receive, particularly in the case of non-U.S. issuers) and (2) the Adviser believes that the benefits to the Fund of voting on such proposal outweigh the benefits to the Fund of having the security remain out on loan. The Adviser may use third party service providers to assist it in identifying and evaluating proposals, and to assist it in recalling loaned securities for proxy voting purposes.
V. Certain Non-U.S. Markets
In certain non-U.S. markets, shareholders who vote proxies of a non-U.S. issuer may not be able to trade in the issuers stock for a period of time around the shareholder meeting date. In addition, there may be other costs or impediments to voting proxies in certain non-U.S. markets (e.g., receiving adequate notice, arranging for a proxy, and re-registration requirements). In non-U.S. markets with the foregoing attributes, the Adviser generally will determine not to vote proxies unless it believes that the potential benefits to the Fund of voting outweigh the impairment of portfolio management flexibility and the expected costs/impediments associated with voting.
VI. Disclosure
The following disclosure shall be provided:
A. | Each Funds proxy voting record shall annually be included in the Funds Form N-PX. |
B. | The Adviser shall cause each Fund to include the Trusts proxy voting policies and procedures in the Trusts statement of additional information. |
C. | Each Funds shareholder report shall include a statement that a description of the Funds proxy voting policies and procedures is available (i) without charge, upon request, by calling a specified toll-free or collect telephone number; (ii) on the Funds website, if applicable; and (iii) on the Commissions website at http://www.sec.gov. |
D. | The Trusts statement of additional information and each Funds shareholder report shall include a statement that information regarding how the Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 is available (i) without charge, upon request, by calling a specified toll-free or collect telephone number, or on or through the Funds website, or both; and (ii) on the Commissions website at http://www.sec.gov. |
C-2
GRANTHAM, MAYO, VAN OTTERLOO & CO. LLC
GMO AUSTRALIA LTD.
GMO EUROPE LLC
GMO SINGAPORE PTE LTD.
(TOGETHER GMO)
PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
Amended and Restated as of May 12, 2011
Amended as of December 12, 2011, October 22, 2013, and June 25, 2014
I. | Introduction and General Principles |
GMO provides investment advisory services primarily to institutional, including both ERISA and non-ERISA clients, and commercial clients. GMO understands that proxy voting is an integral aspect of security ownership. Accordingly, in cases where GMO has been delegated authority to vote proxies, that function must be conducted with the same degree of prudence and loyalty accorded any fiduciary or other obligation of an investment manager.
This policy permits clients of GMO to: (1) delegate to GMO the responsibility and authority to vote proxies on their behalf according to GMOs proxy voting polices and guidelines; (2) delegate to GMO the responsibility and authority to vote proxies on their behalf according to the particular clients own proxy voting policies and guidelines; or (3) elect to vote proxies themselves. In instances where clients elect to vote their own proxies, GMO shall not be responsible for voting proxies on behalf of such clients.
GMO believes that the following policies and procedures are reasonably designed to ensure that proxy matters are conducted in the best interest of its clients, in accordance with GMOs fiduciary duties, applicable rules under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and fiduciary standards and responsibilities for ERISA clients set out in the Department of Labor interpretations.
II. | Proxy Voting Guidelines |
GMO has engaged Institutional Shareholder Services Group, Inc. (ISS) as its proxy voting agent to:
(1) | research and make voting recommendations or, for matters for which GMO has so delegated, to make the voting determinations; |
(2) | ensure that proxies are voted and submitted in a timely manner; |
(3) | handle other administrative functions of proxy voting; |
(4) | maintain records of proxy statements received in connection with proxy votes and provide copies of such proxy statements promptly upon request; |
(5) | maintain records of votes cast; and |
(6) | provide recommendations with respect to proxy voting matters in general. |
C-3
Proxies generally will be voted in accordance with the voting recommendations contained in the applicable ISS Regional Proxy Voting Policy, as in effect from time to time, subject to such modifications as may be determined by GMO (as described below). Copies of concise summaries of the current ISS regional proxy voting guidelines are available through ISS Policy Gateway at http://www.issgovernance.com. To the extent GMO determines to adopt proxy voting guidelines that differ from the ISS proxy voting recommendations, such guidelines will be set forth on Exhibit A and proxies with respect to such matters will be voted in accordance with the guidelines set forth on Exhibit A. GMO reserves the right to modify any of the recommendations set forth in the ISS Proxy Voting Manual in the future. If any such changes are made, an amended Exhibit A to these Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures will be made available for clients.
Except in instances where a GMO client retains voting authority, GMO will instruct custodians of client accounts to forward all proxy statements and materials received in respect of client accounts to ISS.
In certain non-U.S. markets, shareholders who vote proxies of a non-U.S. issuer may not be able to trade in the issuers stock for a period of time around the shareholder meeting date. In addition, there may be other costs or impediments to voting proxies in certain non-U.S. markets (e.g., receiving adequate notice, arranging for a proxy, and re-registration requirements). In non-U.S. markets with the foregoing attributes, GMO generally will determine to not vote proxies unless it believes that the potential benefits to the client of voting outweigh the impairment of portfolio management flexibility and the expected costs/impediments associated with voting. In addition, if a portfolio security is out on loan, GMO generally will not arrange to have the security recalled or to exercise voting rights associated with the security unless GMO both (1) receives adequate notice of a proposal upon which shareholders are being asked to vote (which GMO often does not receive, particularly in the case of non-U.S. issuers) and (2) GMO believes that the benefits to the client of voting on such proposal outweigh the benefits to the client of having the security remain out on loan. GMO may use third-party service providers to assist it in identifying and evaluating proposals, and to assist it in recalling loaned securities for proxy voting purposes.
III. | Proxy Voting Procedures |
GMO has a Corporate Actions Group with responsibility for administering the proxy voting process, including:
1. | Implementing and updating the applicable ISS regional proxy voting guidelines set forth in the ISS Proxy Voting Manual, as modified from time to time by Exhibit A hereto; |
2. | Overseeing the proxy voting process; and |
3. | Providing periodic reports to GMOs Compliance Department and clients as requested. |
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There may be circumstances under which a portfolio manager or other GMO investment professional (GMO Investment Professional) believes that it is in the best interest of a client or clients to vote proxies in a manner inconsistent with the proxy voting guidelines described in Section II. In such an event, the GMO Investment Professional will inform GMOs Corporate Actions Group of its decision to vote such proxy in a manner inconsistent with the proxy voting guidelines described in Section II.
IV. | Conflicts of Interest |
As ISS will vote proxies in accordance with the proxy voting guidelines described in Section II, GMO believes that this process is reasonably designed to address conflicts of interest that may arise between GMO and a client as to how proxies are voted.
In addition, if GMO is aware that one of the following conditions exists with respect to a proxy, GMO shall consider such event a potential material conflict of interest:
1. | GMO has a business relationship or potential relationship with the issuer; |
2. | GMO has a business relationship with the proponent of the proxy proposal; or |
3. | GMO members, employees or consultants have a personal or other business relationship with the participants in the proxy contest, such as corporate directors or director candidates. |
In the event of a potential material conflict of interest, GMO will (i) vote such proxy according to Exhibit A (if applicable) or the specific recommendation of ISS; (ii) seek instructions from the client or request that the client votes such proxy; or (iii) abstain. All such instances shall be reported to GMOs Compliance Department at least quarterly.
V. | Special Procedures for Voting Shares of GMO Trust |
GMOs responsibility and authority to vote proxies on behalf of its clients for shares of GMO Trust, a family of registered mutual funds for which GMO serves as the investment adviser, may give rise to conflicts of interest. Accordingly, GMO will (i) vote such proxies in the best interests of its clients with respect to routine matters, including proxies relating to the election of Trustees; and (ii) with respect to matters where a conflict of interest exists between GMO and GMO Trust, such as proxies relating to a new or amended investment management contract between GMO Trust and GMO, or a re-organization of a series of GMO Trust, GMO will either (a) vote such proxies in the same proportion as the votes cast with respect to that proxy, (b) seek instructions from its clients and vote on accordance with those instructions, or (c) take such other action as GMO deems appropriate in consultation with the Trusts Chief Compliance Officer.
VI. | Special Procedures for Voting Shares of GMO Series Trust |
GMO also serves as investment adviser for the GMO Series Trust family of registered mutual funds. Each series of GMO Series Trust is a Feeder Fund investing substantially of its assets in shares of a corresponding series of GMO Trust (each a Master Fund) in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(E) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act). In accordance with
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Section 12(d)(1)(E) of the 1940 Act, GMO will either (i) seek instructions from a Feeder Funds holders with regard to the voting of all proxies with respect to the Feeder Funds shares in the corresponding Master Fund and vote such proxies only in accordance with such instructions, or (ii) vote the shares of the corresponding Master Fund held by a Feeder Fund in the same proportion as the vote of all other holders of the Master Fund.
VII. | Recordkeeping |
GMO will maintain records relating to the implementation of these proxy voting policies and procedures, including:
(1) | a copy of these policies and procedures which shall be made available to clients, upon request; |
(2) | a record of each vote cast (which ISS maintains on GMOs behalf); and |
(3) | each written client request for proxy records and GMOs written response to any client request for such records. |
Such proxy voting records shall be maintained for a period of five years.
VIII. | Disclosure |
Except as otherwise required by law, GMO has a general policy of not disclosing to any issuer or third party how GMO or its voting delegate voted a clients proxy.
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Exhibit A (as amended February 2, 2009)
Modifications to recommendations set forth in the ISS Proxy Voting Manual
Shareholder Ability to Act by Written Consent
Vote FOR proposals to restrict or prohibit shareholder activity to take action by written consent.
Vote AGAINST proposals to allow or make easier shareholder action by written consent.
Cumulative Voting
Vote FOR proposals to eliminate cumulative voting.
Vote AGAINST proposals to restore or provide for cumulative voting.
Incumbent Director Nominees
Vote WITH managements recommendations regarding incumbent director nominees.
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GMO TRUST
PART C. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 28. | Exhibits |
(a) | 1. | Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust of GMO Trust (the Trust or Registrant), dated September 10, 2009 (the Declaration of Trust);18 | ||
2. | Amendment No. 1 to the Declaration of Trust;19 | |||
3. | Amendment No. 2 to the Declaration of Trust;21 | |||
4. | Amendment No. 3 to the Declaration of Trust;23 | |||
5. | Amendment No. 4 to the Declaration of Trust;24 | |||
6. | Amendment No. 5 to the Declaration of Trust;26 | |||
7. | Amendment No. 6 to the Declaration of Trust;26 | |||
8. | Amendment No. 7 to the Declaration of Trust;26 | |||
9. | Amendment No. 8 to the Declaration of Trust;29 | |||
10. | Amendment No. 9 to the Declaration of Trust;30 | |||
11. | Amendment No. 10 to the Declaration of Trust;31 | |||
12. | Amendment No. 11 to the Declaration of Trust;32 | |||
13. | Amendment No. 12 to the Declaration of Trust;33 | |||
14. | Amendment No. 13 to the Declaration of Trust;36 | |||
15. | Amendment No. 14 to the Declaration of Trust;37 | |||
16. | Amendment No. 15 to the Declaration of Trust;37 | |||
17. | Amendment No. 16 to the Declaration of Trust;39 | |||
18. | Amendment No. 17 to the Declaration of Trust;40 | |||
19. | Amendment No. 18 to the Declaration of Trust;40 | |||
20. | Amendment No. 19 to the Declaration of TrustExhibit (a)(20); and | |||
21 | Amendment No. 20 to the Declaration of TrustExhibit (a)(21). | |||
(b) | Amended and Restated By-laws of the Trust, effective as of March 1, 2007, as amended November 17, 2015 (the By-laws)Exhibit (b). | |||
(c) | 1. | Please refer to Article III (Shares) and Article V (Shareholders Voting Powers and Meetings) of Amendment No. 19 to the Declaration of Trust, which is filed herewith as Exhibit (a)(20); and | ||
2. | Please refer to Article 11 (Meetings of Shareholders), Article 12 (Choice of Law), Article 13 (Forum) and Article 14 (Claims) of the By-laws, which are filed herewith as Exhibit (b). | |||
(d) | 1. | Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated as of June 30, 2008, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO International Equity Fund (formerly GMO International Intrinsic Value Fund and GMO International Core Fund), and GMO;16 | ||
2. | Management Contract, dated October 15, 1991, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO International Small Companies Fund, and GMO;39 | |||
3. | Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Emerging Countries Fund (formerly GMO Evolving Countries Fund), and GMO;13 | |||
4. | Management Contract, dated June 24, 1994, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Currency Hedged International Bond Fund, and GMO;39 | |||
5. | Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Emerging Country Debt Fund, and GMO;13 | |||
6. | Management Contract, dated June 25, 1994, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Alpha Only Fund (formerly GMO Global Hedged Equity Fund), and GMO;39 | |||
7. | Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated as of January 1, 2012, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund, and GMO;30 | |||
8. | Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Taiwan Fund, and GMO;13 | |||
9. | Management Contract, dated December 20, 1995, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Global Bond Fund, and GMO;39 | |||
10. | Management Contract, dated June 27, 1995, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Foreign Fund, and GMO;39 |
11. | Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO International Equity Allocation Fund, and GMO;1 | |||
12. | Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Global Asset Allocation Fund (formerly GMO Global Balanced Asset Allocation Fund, GMO World Balanced Allocation Fund, and GMO World Equity Allocation Fund), and GMO;2 | |||
13. | Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Global Equity Allocation Fund (formerly GMO Global (U.S.+) Equity Allocation Fund), and GMO;2 | |||
14. | Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Core Plus Bond Fund (formerly GMO U.S. Bond/Global Alpha A Fund and GMO Global Fund), and GMO;13 | |||
15. | Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated as of June 30, 2008, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Tax-Managed International Equities Fund, and GMO;16 | |||
16. | Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Foreign Small Companies Fund, and GMO;3 | |||
17. | Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated February 12, 2014, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Debt Opportunities Fund (formerly GMO Short-Duration Collateral Fund), and GMO;38 | |||
18. | Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Quality Fund (formerly GMO U.S. Quality Equity Fund), and GMO;7 | |||
19. | Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO World Opportunity Overlay Fund, and GMO;8 | |||
20. | Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund (formerly GMO Strategic Balanced Allocation Fund), and GMO;9 | |||
21. | Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Global Developed Equity Allocation Fund (formerly GMO World Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund), and GMO;9 | |||
22. | Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated as of June 30, 2008, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Developed World Stock Fund, and GMO;16 | |||
23. | Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO U.S. Equity Allocation Fund (formerly GMO U.S. Core Equity Fund), and GMO;11 | |||
24. | Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO International Large/Mid Cap Equity Fund (formerly GMO International Core Equity Fund), and GMO;11 | |||
25. | Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO International Developed Equity Allocation Fund (formerly GMO International Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund), and GMO;12 | |||
26. | Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO U.S. Treasury Fund, and GMO;18 | |||
27. | Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Asset Allocation Bond Fund, and GMO;18 |
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28. | Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated as of August 12, 2009, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Emerging Markets Fund, and GMO;20 | |||||
29. | Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated as of December 1, 2015, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO SGM Major Markets Fund (formerly GMO Systematic Global Macro Opportunity Fund and GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund), and GMOExhibit (d)(29); | |||||
30. | Management Contract, dated as of December 2, 2009, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Debt Opportunities Fund, and GMO;21 | |||||
31. | Management Contract, dated as of December 2, 2009, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund, and GMO;21 | |||||
32. | Management Contract, dated as of August 2, 2010, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund, and GMO;23 | |||||
33. | Management Contract, dated as of May 20, 2011, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Benchmark-Free Fund, and GMO;25 | |||||
(i) | Management Contract, dated as of November 24, 2015, between GMO Benchmark-Free SPC Ltd. and GMOExhibit (d)(33)(i); | |||||
34. | Management Contract, dated as of September 12, 2011, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Global Focused Equity Fund, and GMO;27 | |||||
35. | Management Contract, dated as of December 6, 2011, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Resources Fund, and GMO;28 | |||||
36. | Management Contract, dated as of December 5, 2011, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Implementation Fund, and GMO;29 | |||||
(i) Management Contract, dated as of February 23, 2015, between GMO Implementation SPC Ltd. and GMO.42 | ||||||
37. | Management Contract, dated as of June 27, 2014, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Special Opportunities Fund, and GMO;40 | |||||
(i) Management Contract, dated as of July 9, 2014, between GMO Special Opportunities SPC Ltd. and GMO.40 | ||||||
38. | Management Contract, dated as of September 15, 2014, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Benchmark-Free Bond Fund, and GMO; 41 | |||||
39. | Management Contract, dated as of April 13, 2015, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO GAAR Implementation Fund, and GMO;42 | |||||
(i) Management Contract, dated as of April 13, 2015, between GMO GAAR Implementation SPC Ltd. and GMO.42 | ||||||
40. | Sub-Advisory Agreement, dated as of December 30, 2013, among GMO, GMO Singapore Pte. Limited (GMO Singapore), and the Trust, on behalf of GMO Systematic Global Macro Opportunity Fund;37 and | |||||
41. | Sub-Advisory Agreement, dated as of December 30, 2013, among GMO, GMO Singapore, and the Trust, on behalf of GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund.37 | |||||
(e) | 1. | Amended and Restated Distribution Agreement (the Distribution Agreement), effective June 30, 2012, between the Trust, on behalf of the Funds listed on Schedule A thereto, as Schedule A may be amended from time to time, and Funds Distributor, LLC;35 and |
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(i) Schedule A to the Distribution Agreement amended as of December 1, 2015Exhibit (e)(1)(i). | ||||||
2. | Master Placement Agency Agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the Funds listed on Schedule A thereto, as Schedule A may be amended from time to time, and Funds Distributor, LLC, dated September 8, 2014.41 | |||||
(i) Schedule A to the Master Placement Agency Agreement amended as of December 1, 2015Exhibit (e)(2)(i). | ||||||
(f) | None. | |||||
(g) | 1. | Form of Custodian Agreement (the IBT Custodian Agreement), dated August 1, 1991, among the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed therein, GMO and Investors Bank & Trust Company (IBT), as amended from time to time to include GMO Currency Hedged International Bond Fund, GMO Emerging Country Debt Fund, GMO Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund, GMO Global Bond Fund, GMO International Equity Allocation Fund, GMO Global Asset Allocation Fund, GMO Global Equity Allocation Fund, GMO Core Plus Bond Fund, GMO Emerging Country Debt Share Fund, GMO Debt Opportunities Fund, GMO Quality Fund, GMO World Opportunity Overlay Fund, GMO Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund, GMO SGM Major Markets Fund, GMO Global Developed Equity Allocation Fund, GMO U.S. Equity Allocation Fund, GMO International Developed Equity Allocation Fund, GMO U.S. Treasury Fund, GMO Asset Allocation Bond Fund, GMO Debt Opportunities Fund, GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund, GMO Benchmark-Free Fund, GMO Implementation Fund, GMO Risk Premium Fund, GMO Special Opportunities Fund, GMO Benchmark-Free Bond Fund, and GMO GAAR Implementation Fund;13 | ||||
(i) | Letter Amendment to the IBT Custodian Agreement, dated May 30, 2003, among the Trust, GMO and IBT;6 | |||||
(ii) | Form of Letter Amendment to the IBT Custodian Agreement, dated January 2005, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO SGM Major Markets Fund, GMO and IBT;10 | |||||
(iii) | Letter Amendment to the IBT Custodian Agreement, dated March 10, 2009, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO U.S. Treasury Fund and GMO Asset Allocation Bond Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);18 | |||||
(iv) | Form of Letter Amendment to the IBT Custodian Agreement, dated November 25, 2009, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Debt Opportunities Fund and GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);21 | |||||
(v) | Form of Letter Amendment to the IBT Custodian Agreement, dated May 20, 2011, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Benchmark-Free Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);25 |
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(vi) | Form of Letter Amendment to the IBT Custodian Agreement, dated December 2011, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Implementation Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);29 | |||||
(vii) | Form of Letter Amendment to the IBT Custodian Agreement, dated September 2012, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Risk Premium Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);34 | |||||
(viii) | Letter Amendment to the IBT Custodian Agreement, dated July 1, 2014, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Special Opportunities Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);40 | |||||
(ix) | Letter Amendment to the IBT Custodian Agreement, dated September 8, 2014, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Benchmark-Free Bond Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);41 | |||||
(x) | Amendment to the IBT Custodian Agreement, dated February 17, 2015, among the Trust, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);42 and | |||||
(xi) | Letter Amendment to the IBT Custodian Agreement, dated April 13, 2015, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO GAAR Implementation Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT).43 | |||||
2. | Form of Custodian Agreement (the BBH Custodian Agreement), dated June 29, 2001, between the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Schedule I thereto, and Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. (BBH), as amended from time to time to include GMO Taiwan Fund, GMO Developed World Stock Fund, GMO International Large/Mid Cap Equity Fund, GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund, GMO Global Focused Equity Fund, and GMO Resources Fund;5 | |||||
(i) | Letter Amendment to the BBH Custodian Agreement, dated June 4, 2003, among the Trust and BBH;6 | |||||
(ii) | Amendment to the BBH Custodian Agreement, dated June 30, 2009, among the Trust and BBH;19 | |||||
(iii) | Letter Amendment to the BBH Custodian Agreement, dated May 21, 2010, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund, and BBH;23 | |||||
(iv) | Form of Letter Amendment to the BBH Custodian Agreement, dated September 12, 2011 among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Global Focused Equity Fund, and BBH;27 and | |||||
(v) | Form of Letter Amendment to the BBH Custodian Agreement, dated December 2011 among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Resources Fund, and BBH.28 |
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3. | Form of Accounting Agency Agreement (the Accounting Agency Agreement), dated June 29, 2001, between the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Schedule I thereto, and BBH, as amended to include GMO Taiwan Fund, GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund, GMO Global Focused Equity Fund, and GMO Resources Fund;5 | |||||
(i) | Form of Second Amendment to the Accounting Agency Agreement, dated November 22, 2005, between the Trust, on behalf of the Funds listed on Schedule I thereto, and BBH;13 | |||||
(ii) | Letter Amendment to the Accounting Agency Agreement, dated May 21, 2010, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund, and BBH;23 | |||||
(iii) | Form of Letter Amendment to the Accounting Agency Agreement, dated September 12, 2011 among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Global Focused Equity Fund and BBH;27 and | |||||
(iv) | Form of Letter Amendment to the Accounting Agency Agreement, dated December 2011 among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Resources Fund, and BBH.28 | |||||
4. | Form of 17f-5 Delegation Schedule (the Delegation Schedule), dated June 29, 2001, between the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Schedule 1 thereto, and BBH, as amended from time to time to include GMO Taiwan Fund, GMO Developed World Stock Fund, GMO International Large/Mid Cap Equity Fund, GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund, GMO Global Focused Equity Fund, and GMO Resources Fund;5 | |||||
(i) | Letter Amendment to the Delegation Schedule, dated May 21, 2010, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund, and BBH;23 | |||||
(ii) | Form of Letter Amendment to the Delegation Schedule, dated September 12, 2011, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Global Focused Equity Fund and BBH;27 and | |||||
(iii) | Form of Letter Amendment to the Delegation Schedule, dated December 2011, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Resources Fund, and BBH.28 | |||||
5. | Form of Amended and Restated Delegation Agreement (the Delegation Agreement), dated June 29, 2001, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Core Plus Bond Fund, GMO Currency Hedged International Bond Fund, GMO Global Bond Fund, GMO Emerging Country Debt Fund, and GMO Emerging Country Debt Share Fund, and IBT, as amended from time to time to include GMO Debt Opportunities Fund, GMO Systematic Global Macro Opportunity Fund, GMO Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund, GMO SGM Major Markets Fund, GMO Global Developed Equity Allocation Fund, GMO U.S. Equity Allocation Fund, GMO International Developed Equity Allocation Fund, GMO U.S. Treasury Fund, GMO Asset Allocation Bond Fund, GMO Debt Opportunities Fund, GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund, GMO Benchmark-Free Fund, GMO Implementation Fund, GMO Risk Premium Fund, GMO Special Opportunities Fund, GMO Benchmark-Free Bond Fund, and GMO GAAR Implementation Fund;5 |
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(i) | Form of Letter Amendment to the Delegation Agreement, dated January 2005, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO SGM Major Markets Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);10 | |||||
(ii) | Letter Amendment to the Delegation Agreement, dated March 10, 2009, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO U.S. Treasury Fund and GMO Asset Allocation Bond Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);18 | |||||
(iii) | Form of Letter Amendment to the Delegation Agreement, dated November 25, 2009, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Debt Opportunities Fund and GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);21 | |||||
(iv) | Form of Letter Amendment to the Delegation Agreement, dated May 20, 2011, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Benchmark-Free Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);25 | |||||
(v) | Form of Letter Amendment to the Delegation Agreement, dated December 2011, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Implementation Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);29 | |||||
(vi) |
Form of Letter Amendment to the Delegation Agreement, dated September 2012, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Risk Premium Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);34 | |||||
(vii) |
Letter Amendment to the Delegation Agreement, dated July 1, 2014, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Special Opportunities Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);40 | |||||
(viii) | Letter Amendment to the Delegation Agreement, dated September 8, 2014, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Benchmark-Free Bond Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);41 and | |||||
(ix) | Letter Amendment to the Delegation Agreement, dated April 13, 2015, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO GAAR Implementation Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT).43 | |||||
(h) | 1. | Form of Transfer Agency and Service Agreement (the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement), dated August 1, 1991, among the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed therein, GMO and IBT, as amended from time to time to include GMO Global Bond Fund, GMO Foreign Fund, GMO International Equity Allocation Fund, GMO Global Asset Allocation Fund, GMO Global Equity Allocation Fund, GMO Core Plus |
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Bond Fund, GMO Tax-Managed International Equities Fund, GMO Emerging Country Debt Share Fund, GMO Foreign Small Companies Fund, GMO Debt Opportunities Fund, GMO Quality Fund, GMO World Opportunity Overlay Fund, GMO Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund, GMO SGM Major Markets Fund, GMO Global Developed Equity Allocation Fund, GMO Developed World Stock Fund, GMO International Large/Mid Cap Equity Fund, GMO U.S. Equity Allocation Fund, GMO International Developed Equity Allocation Fund, GMO U.S. Treasury Fund, GMO Asset Allocation Bond Fund, GMO Debt Opportunities Fund, GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund, GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund, GMO Benchmark-Free Fund, GMO Global Focused Equity Fund, GMO Resources Fund, GMO Implementation Fund, GMO Risk Premium Fund, GMO Special Opportunities Fund, GMO Benchmark-Free Bond Fund, and GMO GAAR Implementation Fund;13 | ||||||
(i) | Form of Letter Amendment to the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, dated January 2005, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO SGM Major Markets Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);10 | |||||
(ii) | Letter Amendment to the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, dated March 10, 2009, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO U.S. Treasury Fund and GMO Asset Allocation Bond Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);18 | |||||
(iii) | Form of Letter Amendment to the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, dated November 25, 2009, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Debt Opportunities Fund and GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);21 | |||||
(iv) | Form of Letter Amendment to the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, dated July 30, 2010, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);23 | |||||
(v) | Form of Letter Amendment to the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, dated May 20, 2011 among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Benchmark-Free Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);25 | |||||
(vi) | Form of Letter Amendment to the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, dated September 12, 2011 among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Global Focused Equity Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);27 | |||||
(vii) | Letter Amendment Regarding Fund of Fund Procedures to the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, dated June 1, 2010, among the Trust, GMO, and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);28 | |||||
(viii) | Letter Amendment to the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, dated November 17, 2011 among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Resources Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);28 |
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(ix) | Form of Letter Amendment to the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, dated December 2011, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Implementation Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);29 | |||||
(x) | Form of Letter Amendment to the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, dated September 2012, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Risk Premium Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);34 | |||||
(xi) | Letter Amendment to the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, dated July 1, 2014, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Special Opportunities Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);41 | |||||
(xii) | Letter Amendment to the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, dated September 8, 2014, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Benchmark-Free Bond Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);41 | |||||
(xiii) | Letter Amendment to the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, dated April 13, 2015, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO GAAR Implementation Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);43 and | |||||
(xiv) | FATCA Support Services Amendment to the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, dated May 22, 2015, among the Trust, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT).44 | |||||
2. | Notification of Undertaking to Reimburse Selected Fund Expenses and Waive Selected Fees by GMO to the Trust, dated as of June 30, 2015.45 | |||||
(i) | Notification of Undertaking to Reimburse Selected Fund Expenses and Waive Selected Fees by GMO to the Trust, on behalf of its GMO SGM Major Markets Fund, dated as of December 1, 2015Exhibit (h)(2)(i). | |||||
3. | Amended and Restated Servicing and Supplemental Support Agreement, dated May 30, 1996, as amended and restated effective December 1, 2015, between the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Exhibit I thereto, and GMOExhibit (h)(3). | |||||
(i) | Notification of Undertaking to Reduce Supplemental Support Fees by GMO to the Trust, dated as of June 30, 2015.45 | |||||
4. | Distribution Agreement, dated as of February 27, 2015, between the Trust and GMO U.K. Limited.42 | |||||
5. | Letters Regarding Services Provided by GMO Under Management Contracts with the TrustExhibit (h)(5). | |||||
(i) | Opinion and Consent of Ropes & Gray LLPExhibit (i). | |||||
(j) | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting FirmExhibit (j). |
9
(k) | Financial Statements Not applicable. | |||||
(l) | None. | |||||
(m) | 1. | GMO Trust Amended and Restated Distribution and Service Plan (Class M), dated as of November 15, 2001, as amended and restated as of June 30, 2013, on behalf of GMO Emerging Countries Fund;35 | ||||
2. | Amended and Restated Administration Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2013, on behalf of GMO Emerging Countries Fund;35 | |||||
3. | Form of Service Agreement (Service Agreement), dated October 1, 2001, between American Express Financial Advisors Inc. and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Schedule A thereto, as Schedule A may be amended from time to time;4 | |||||
(i) | Second Amendment to Service Agreement, dated September 9, 2005, between American Express Financial Advisors Inc. and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Schedule A thereto;13 and | |||||
(ii) | Assignment Agreement, effective as of April 2, 2007, between Wachovia Bank, Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc. (f/k/a American Express Financial Advisors Inc.) and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Schedule A thereto.15 | |||||
4. | Form of Services Agreement, dated as of March 2002, between Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC and National Financial Services LLC, and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Exhibit B thereto;5 | |||||
5. | Funds Trading Agreement (Funds Trading Agreement), dated July 1, 2001, between Fidelity Investments Institutional Operations Company, Inc. (FIIOC), IBT, GMO, and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Exhibit A thereto;13 | |||||
(i) | Second Amendment to Funds Trading Agreement, dated as of April 1, 2003, between FIIOC, IBT, GMO and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Exhibit A thereto;13 | |||||
(ii) | Third Amendment to Funds Trading Agreement, dated as of November 28, 2003, between FIIOC, IBT, GMO and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Exhibit A thereto;13 | |||||
(iii) | Fourth Amendment to Funds Trading Agreement, dated as of April 1, 2004, between FIIOC, IBT, GMO and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Exhibit A thereto;13 | |||||
(iv) | Fifth Amendment to Funds Trading Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2005, between FIIOC, IBT, GMO and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Exhibit A thereto;13 |
10
(v) | Sixth Amendment to Funds Trading Agreement, dated as of July 2005, between FIIOC, IBT, GMO and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Exhibit A thereto;13 and | |||||
(vi) | Seventh Amendment to Funds Trading Agreement, dated as of September, 2005, between FIIOC, IBT, GMO and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Exhibit A thereto.13 | |||||
6. | Form of Funds Trading Agreement (BBH Funds Trading Agreement), dated July 1, 2001, between FIIOC, IBT, BBH, GMO and the Trust on behalf of certain Funds listed on Exhibit A thereto;5 | |||||
(i) | Form of First Amendment to the BBH Funds Trading Agreement, dated January 1, 2002, between FIIOC, IBT, BBH, GMO, and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Exhibit A thereto;5 and | |||||
(ii) | Second Amendment to the BBH Funds Trading Agreement, dated July 1, 2002, between FIIOC, IBT, BBH, GMO, and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Exhibit A thereto.13 | |||||
7. | Form of Shareholder Services Agreement (Shareholder Services Agreement), dated as of October 31, 2001, between Citistreet LLC (Citistreet) and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Attachment A thereto;6 and | |||||
(i) | First Amendment to Shareholder Services Agreement, dated as of May 6, 2002, between Citistreet and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Attachment A thereto;13 | |||||
(ii) | Second Amendment to Shareholder Services Agreement, dated as of October 15, 2002, between Citistreet and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Attachment A thereto;13 | |||||
(iii) | Third Amendment to Shareholder Services Agreement, dated as of April 30, 2003, between Citistreet and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Attachment A thereto;13 | |||||
(iv) | Fourth Amendment to Shareholder Services Agreement, dated as of July 1, 2005, between Citistreet and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Attachment A thereto;13 and | |||||
(v) | Fifth Amendment to Shareholder Services Agreement, dated as of September 1, 2005, between Citistreet and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Attachment A thereto.13 | |||||
8. | Operating Agreement (Operating Agreement), dated as of April 19, 2000, between Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (Schwab) and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Schedule I thereto.22 | |||||
(i) | First Amendment to Operating Agreement, dated as of March 10, 2010, between Schwab and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Schedule I thereto.22 | |||||
(n) | Plan pursuant to Rule 18f-3 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, effective June 1, 1996, as amended and restated June 20, 2014.41 | |||||
(o) | Reserved. |
11
(p) | 1. | GMO Code of Ethics, dated June 19, 2015, adopted by GMO, GMO Australia Ltd., GMO Europe LLC, GMO Netherlands, a branch office of GMO U.K. Ltd., GMO Singapore PTE Ltd., GMO U.K. Ltd., GMO Renewable Resources LLC, GMO Renewable Resources (in New Zealand), and GMO Renewable Resources Uruguay, SRL;46 | ||||
2. | GMO Trust Code of Ethics, dated August 27, 2015, adopted by the Trust;46 and | |||||
3. | Code of Ethics for the Independent Trustees of GMO Trust, dated as of June 1, 2006, as revised August 27, 2015, adopted by the Board of Trustees of the Trust.46 |
1. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 27 to the Registration Statement under the Securities Act of 1933 (the 1933 Act) and Amendment No. 28 to the Registration Statement under the Investment Company Act of 1940 Act (the 1940 Act) on March 13, 1996, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
2. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 29 to the Registration Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 30 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on June 28, 1996, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
3. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 63 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on July 3, 2000, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
4. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 63 to the Registration Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 76 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on March 1, 2002, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
5. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 64 to the Registration Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 77 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on May 1, 2002, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
6. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 71 to the Registration Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 89 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on June 30, 2003, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
7. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 72 to the Registration Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 90 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on October 31, 2003, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
8. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 126 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on November 18, 2004, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
9. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 105 to the Registration Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 131 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on March 15, 2005, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
10. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 132 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on March 29, 2005, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
11. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 114 to the Registration Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 142 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on August 17, 2005, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
12. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 123 to the Registration Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 151 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on May 17, 2006, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
13. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 154 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on June 28, 2006, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
14. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 127 to the Registration Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 156 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on May 1, 2007, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
15. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 128 to the Registration Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 158 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on June 29, 2007, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
16. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 161 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on June 27, 2008, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
12
17. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 164 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on December 24, 2008, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
18. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 133 to the Registration Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 167 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on March 13, 2009, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
19. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 137 to the Registration Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 172 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on July 17, 2009, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
20. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 139 to the Registration Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 174 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on October 30, 2009, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
21. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 175 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on December 3, 2009, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
22. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 178 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on June 25, 2010, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
23. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 143 to the Registration Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 180 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on August 2, 2010, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
24. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 144 to the Registration Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 181 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on April 15, 2011, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
25. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 183 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on May 20, 2011, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
26. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 184 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on June 27, 2011, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
27. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 149 to the Registration Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 188 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on September 13, 2011, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
28. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 153 to the Registration Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 192 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on December 6, 2011, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
29. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 193 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on December 8, 2011, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
30. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 156 to the Registration Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 196 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on December 29, 2011, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
31. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 200 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on March 27, 2012, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
32. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 202 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on June 27, 2012, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
33. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 162 to the Registration Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 204 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on July 12, 2012, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
34. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 164 to the Registration Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 206 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on September 25, 2012, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
35. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 209 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on June 26, 2013, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
36. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 169 to the Registration Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 212 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on December 11, 2013, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
37. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 170 to the Registration Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 213 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on February 7, 2014, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
38. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 172 to the Registration Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 215 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on April 30, 2014, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
39. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 217 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on June 25, 2014, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
40. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 176 to the Registration Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 220 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on July 18, 2014, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
13
41. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 179 to the Registration Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 223 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on September 15, 2014, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
42. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 225 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on April 13, 2015, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
43. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 181 to the Registration Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 226 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on April 16, 2015, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
44. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 228 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on June 26, 2015, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
45. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 183 to the Registration Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 229 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on June 29, 2015, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
46. | Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 185 to the Registration Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 231 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on September 17, 2015, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
Item 29. | Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control with a Fund |
Controlling Fund |
Person Controlled |
Nature of Control | ||
GMO SGM Major Markets Fund |
GMO Alternative Asset SPC Ltd.(a) (b) | 100% Ownership(c) | ||
GMO Special Opportunities Fund |
GMO Special Opportunities SPC Ltd. (a) (b) | 100% Ownership(c) | ||
GMO Implementation Fund |
GMO Implementation SPC Ltd. (a) (b) | 100% Ownership(d) | ||
GMO Benchmark-Free Fund |
GMO Benchmark-Free SPC Ltd. (a) (b) | 100% Ownership(e) |
(a) | Included (or, in the case of each of GMO Implementation SPC Ltd. and GMO Benchmark-Free SPC Ltd., will be included, when available) in the controlling Funds consolidated financial statements. |
(b) | Organized under the laws of Bermuda. |
(c) | As of the most recent fiscal year ended February 28, 2015. |
(d) | As of March 2, 2015. |
(e) | As of August 27, 2015. |
Item 30. | Indemnification |
Please refer to Article 4 (Indemnification) of the By-laws.
In addition, the Trust will maintain a trustees and officers liability insurance policy under which the Trust and its trustees and officers will be named insureds. The Trust also has entered into agreements with each of its trustees pursuant to which each of the Funds has agreed to indemnify each Trustee to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law against any liability and expense incurred by the Trustee by reason of the Trustee being or having been a Trustee.
Insofar as indemnification for liability arising under the Securities Act of 1933 (the Securities Act) may be permitted to trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the Trusts By-laws, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised
14
that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a trustee, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such trustee, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
Item 31. | Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser |
A description of the business of Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC, the investment adviser of the Funds of the Registrant (the Investment Adviser), is set forth under the captions Management of the Trust in the Prospectus and Investment Advisory and Other Services in the Statement of Additional Information, all forming part of this Registration Statement.
Except as set forth below, the directors, officers, and members of the Investment Adviser, have been engaged during the past two fiscal years in no business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature other than as directors, officers, or members of the Investment Adviser or certain of its affiliates. Certain directors, officers, and members of the Investment Adviser serve as officers or trustees of the Registrant as set forth under the caption Management of the Trust in the Registrants Statement of Additional Information, forming part of this Registration Statement, and/or as officers and/or directors of certain private investment companies managed by the Investment Adviser or certain of its affiliates. The address of the Investment Adviser and the Registrant is 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110.
Name |
Position with Investment Adviser |
Other Connections | ||
Stephen P. Casper |
Member of the Board of Directors | Lead Independent Director, MarketAxess, 299 Park Avenue, 10th Floor, New York, NY 10171; Investment Committee Member, Brooklyn Museum, 200 Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn, NY 11238 |
15
Name |
Position with Investment Adviser |
Other Connections | ||
Arjun Divecha |
Member, Chairman of the Board of Directors, and Investment Director | Board Member, Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India; Director, Frog Hollow Fresh LLC, P.O. Box 872, Brentwood, CA 94513 | ||
Myra Drucker |
Member of the Board of Directors | Chair of the Board, TrustedPeer Inc., 800 Noe Street, San Francisco, CA 94114; Board Member, Financial Accounting Foundation, 401 Merritt 7 #2, Norwalk, CT 06851;
Investment Committee Advisor, The Boeing Company, 100 North Riverside Plaza, Chicago, IL 60606; Investment Committee Member, The Kresge Foundation, 3215 West Big Beaver Road, Troy, MI 48084;
Investment Committee Chair, The Nathan Cummings Foundation, 475 Tenth Avenue, 14th Floor, New York, NY 10018 |
16
Name |
Position with Investment Adviser |
Other Connections | ||
R. Jeremy Grantham |
Founding Member, Member of the Board of Directors, and Chief Investment Strategist | Board Member, RARE Conservation, 1310 North Courthouse Road, Suite 110, Arlington, VA 22201; Board Member, Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India; CFA Institute Investors Working Group (IWG) Member, 560 Ray C. Hunt Drive, Charlottesville, VA 22903; Board Member, Imperial College of London Grantham Institute for Climate Change, London SW7 2AZ; Board Member, London School of Economics Grantham Institute for Climate Change, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE; Board Member, The Nature Conservancy, 4245 North Fairfax Drive, Suite 100, Arlington, VA 22203; Trustee, The Grantham Foundation for the Protection of the Environment, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, MA 02110; Trustee, The Jeremy and Hannelore Grantham Environmental Trust, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, MA 02110 | ||
Margaret McGetrick |
Member of the Board of Directors | Investment Committee Member, Partners Healthcare, Prudential Center, 800 Boylston Street, 11th Floor, Boston, MA, 02199; Finance and Investment Committee Member, Our Sisters School, 145 Brownell Avenue, New Bedford, MA 02740 |
17
Name |
Position with Investment Adviser |
Other Connections | ||
John Rosenblum |
Member and Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors | Vice Chair of the Board, Maine Media Workshops, 70 Camden Street, Rockport, ME 04856; Board Member, Maine Chapter, The Nature Conservancy, 14 Maine Street, Brunswick, ME 04011 | ||
Eyk Van Otterloo |
Founding Member | Board Member, Chemonics International, 1133 20th Street, NW, Suite 600, Washington, D.C. 20036; Board Member, CliniLabs, 423 W. 55th Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10019 |
Item 32. | Principal Underwriters |
Item 32(a). | Funds Distributor, LLC (FD) acts as principal underwriter for the following investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended: |
GMO Series Trust
GMO Trust
Mirae Asset Discovery Funds
Item 32(b). | FD is registered with the SEC as a broker-dealer and is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority. FDs principal business address is Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101. |
Information about the Manager and Officers of FD is as follows:
Manager or Officer |
Positions and Offices with FD | |
Mark A. Fairbanks |
President | |
Richard J. Berthy |
Vice President, Treasurer, and Manager | |
Jennifer E. Hoopes |
Secretary | |
Nanette K. Chern |
Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer | |
Lisa S. Clifford |
Vice President and Managing Director of Compliance | |
Paula R. Watson |
Assistant Secretary |
The above FD manager and officers do not have positions or offices with the Trust.
Item 32(c). Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fee Payments by certain Funds of the Trust with respect to the last fiscal year(a):
18
GMO Fund Name |
Class M(b) Distribution and Service
(12b-1) Fees March 1, 2014 through May 2, 2014(c) |
|||
GMO Emerging Countries Fund |
$ | 7,102.37 |
(a) | FD was entitled to receive any distribution and service (12b-1) fees paid by the Class M Shares for services rendered and expenses borne by FD which had been primarily intended to result in the sale of Class M shares and/or the provision of certain other services incidental thereto. During the last fiscal year, FD did not retain any of the distribution and service (12b-1) fees paid by the Class M Shares of the Funds and directed that the Funds remit the distribution and service (12b-1) fees directly to certain third party intermediaries who rendered services to the Funds. |
(b) | Other classes of the GMO Funds do not pay distribution (12b-1) fees or any other type of commission or compensation to FD. |
(c) | Class M liquidated on May 2, 2014. |
Item 33. | Location of Accounts and Records |
The accounts, books, and other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) and the rules thereunder will be maintained at the offices of the Registrant, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, MA 02110; the Registrants investment adviser, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, MA 02110; the Registrants distributor, Funds Distributor, LLC, 3 Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101; the Registrants custodian for certain of the Funds, Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., 50 Post Office Square, Boston, MA 02110; and the Registrants custodian for certain of the Funds and transfer agent, State Street Bank and Trust Company, One Lincoln Street, Boston, MA 02111.
Item 34. | Management Services |
Not applicable.
Item 35. | Undertakings |
None.
19
Notice
A copy of the Declaration of Trust, together with all amendments thereto, is on file with the Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and notice is hereby given that this instrument is executed on behalf of the Trust by an officer of the Trust as an officer and not individually and that the obligations of this instrument are not binding upon any of the Trustees or officers of the Trust or shareholders of any series of the Trust individually but are binding only upon the assets and property of the Trust or the respective series.
20
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 (the 1933 Act) and the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act), each as amended, the Registrant, GMO Trust, certifies that it meets all of the requirements for effectiveness of this Registration Statement under Rule 485(b) under the 1933 Act and has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment No. 186 under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 232 under the 1940 Act to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Boston and The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, on the 1st day of December, 2015.
GMO Trust | ||
By: | SHEPPARD N. BURNETT* | |
Sheppard N. Burnett | ||
Title: Chief Executive Officer; | ||
Principal Executive Officer |
Pursuant to the requirements of the 1933 Act, this Post-Effective Amendment No. 186 to GMO Trusts Registration Statement under the 1933 Act has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the date indicated.
Signatures |
Title |
Date | ||
SHEPPARD N. BURNETT* Sheppard N. Burnett |
Chief Executive Officer; Principal Executive Officer | December 1, 2015 | ||
CARLY CUSHMAN* Carly Cushman |
Treasurer; Chief Financial Officer; Chief Accounting Officer; Principal Financial and Accounting Officer | December 1, 2015 | ||
PAUL BRAVERMAN* Paul Braverman |
Trustee | December 1, 2015 | ||
DONALD W. GLAZER* Donald W. Glazer |
Trustee | December 1, 2015 | ||
J.B. KITTREDGE* J.B. Kittredge |
Trustee | December 1, 2015 | ||
PETER TUFANO* Peter Tufano |
Trustee | December 1, 2015 |
* By: |
/s/ Douglas Y. Charton | |||
Douglas Y. Charton Attorney-in-Fact** |
** | Pursuant to Power of Attorney for each of Paul Braverman, Donald W. Glazer, J.B. Kittredge and Peter Tufano filed herewith as Exhibit 1; pursuant to Power of Attorney for each of Sheppard N. Burnett and Carly Cushman filed herewith as Exhibit 2. |
GMO SGM MAJOR MARKETS FUND 485(b) FILING
21
EXHIBIT INDEX
GMO TRUST
Exhibit |
Title of Exhibit | |
(a)(20) | Amendment No. 19 to the Declaration of Trust. | |
(a)(21) | Amendment No. 20 to the Declaration of Trust. | |
(b) | Amended and Restated By-laws of the Trust, effective as of March 1, 2007, as amended November 17, 2015. | |
(d)(29) | Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated as of December 1, 2015, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO SGM Major Markets Fund, and GMO. | |
(d)(33)(i) | Management Contract, dated as of November 24, 2015, between GMO Benchmark-Free SPC Ltd. and GMO. | |
(e)(1)(i) | Schedule A to the Distribution Agreement amended as of December 1, 2015. | |
(e)(2)(i) | Schedule A to the Master Placement Agency Agreement amended as of December 1, 2015. | |
(h)(2)(i) | Notification of Undertaking to Reimburse Selected Fund Expenses and Waive Selected Fees by GMO to the Trust, on behalf of its GMO SGM Major Markets Fund, dated as of December 1, 2015. | |
(h)(3) | Amended and Restated Servicing and Supplemental Support Agreement, dated May 30, 1996, as amended and restated effective December 1, 2015, between the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Exhibit I thereto, and GMO. | |
(h)(5) | Letters Regarding Services Provided by GMO Under Management Contracts with the Trust. | |
(i) | Opinion and Consent of Ropes & Gray LLP. | |
(j) | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. | |
Other | ||
1 | Power of Attorney for each of Paul Braverman, Donald W. Glazer, Joseph B. Kittredge, and Peter Tufano. | |
2 | Power of Attorney for each of Sheppard N. Burnett and Carly Cushman. | |
3 | Certificate of Clerk. |
22
Exhibit (a)(20)
GMO TRUST
AMENDMENT NO. 19
TO
AMENDED AND RESTATED
AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST
THIS AMENDMENT NO. 19 TO THE AMENDED AND RESTATED AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST made at Boston, Massachusetts this 30th day of November, 2015 hereby amends and restates in its entirety the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust of GMO Trust dated September 10, 2009, as heretofore amended from time to time. This Amendment No. 19 to the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust shall be effective upon filing with the Secretary of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts:
WITNESSETH that
WHEREAS the Trustees have agreed to manage all property coming into their hands as trustees of a Massachusetts business trust in accordance with the provisions hereinafter set forth.
NOW, THEREFORE, the Trustees hereby direct that this Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust be filed with the Secretary of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts and with the City Clerk of the City of Boston and do hereby declare that they will hold all cash, securities and other assets, which they may from time to time acquire in any manner as Trustees hereunder IN TRUST to manage and dispose of the same upon the following terms and conditions for the pro rata benefit of the holders from time to time of Shares in this Trust as hereinafter set forth.
ARTICLE I.
Name and Definitions
Section 1. This Trust shall be known as GMO Trust with its principal place of business at 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, and the Trustees shall conduct the business of the Trust under that name or any other name as they may from time to time determine.
Section 2. Definitions. Whenever used herein, unless otherwise required by the context or specifically provided:
(a) Trust refers to the Massachusetts business trust established by this Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended from time to time;
(b) Trustees refers to the Trustees of the Trust named in Article IV hereof or elected in accordance with such Article;
(c) Shares means the equal proportionate units of interest into which the beneficial interest in the Trust or in the Trust property belonging to any Series of the Trust (or in the property belonging to any Series allocable to any Class of that Series) (as the context may require) shall be divided from time to time;
(d) Shareholder means a record owner of Shares;
(e) 1940 Act refers to the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the Rules and Regulations thereunder, all as amended from time to time;
(f) The terms Commission and principal underwriter shall have the meanings given to them in the 1940 Act;
(g) Declaration of Trust shall mean this Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended or restated from time to time;
(h) By-Laws shall mean the By-Laws of the Trust as amended from time to time;
(i) Series Company refers to the form of registered open-end investment company described in Section 18(f)(2) of the 1940 Act or in any successor statutory provision;
(j) Series refers to Series of Shares established and designated under or in accordance with the provisions of Article III; and
(k) Class refers to any Class of Shares established and designated under or in accordance with the provisions of Article III. The Shares of any Class shall represent a subset of Shares of a Series, and together with all other Classes of the same Series, shall constitute all Shares of that Series.
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ARTICLE II.
Purpose of Trust
The purpose of the Trust is to provide investors a managed investment primarily in securities (including options), debt instruments, commodities, commodity contracts and options thereon.
ARTICLE III.
Shares
Section 1. Division of Beneficial Interest. The beneficial interest in the Trust shall at all times be divided into an unlimited number of transferable Shares, without par value. Subject to the provisions of Section 6 of this Article III, each Share shall have voting rights as provided in Article V hereof, and holders of the Shares of any Series or Class shall be entitled to receive dividends, when and as declared with respect thereto in the manner provided in Article VI, Section 1 hereof. No Share shall have any priority or preference over any other Share of the same Series and Class with respect to dividends or distributions upon termination of the Trust or of such Series or Class made pursuant to Article VIII, Section 4 hereof. All dividends and distributions shall be made ratably among all Shareholders of a particular Series or Class from the assets belonging to such Series (or, in the case of a Class, allocable to such Class) according to the number of Shares of such Series or Class held of record by such Shareholders on the record date for any dividend or on the date of termination, as the case may be. Shareholders shall have no preemptive or other right to subscribe to any additional Shares or other securities issued by the Trust. The Trust may from time to time divide or combine the Shares of any particular Series or Class into a greater or lesser number of Shares of that Series or Class without thereby changing the proportionate beneficial interest of the Shares of that Series or Class in the assets belonging to that Series (or, in the case of a Class, allocable to such Class) in any way affecting the rights of Shares of any other Series or Class.
Section 2. Ownership of Shares. The ownership of Shares shall be recorded on the books of the Trust or a transfer or similar agent for the Trust, which books shall be maintained separately for the Shares of each Series and Class. No certificates certifying the ownership of Shares shall be issued except as the Trustees may otherwise determine from time to time. The Trustees may make such rules as they consider appropriate for the transfer of Shares of each Series and Class and similar matters. The record books of the Trust as kept by the Trust or any transfer or similar agent, as the case may be, shall be conclusive as to who are the Shareholders of each Series and Class and as to the number of Shares of each Series and Class held from time to time by each.
Section 3. Investments in the Trust. The Trustees shall accept investments in the Trust from such persons and on such terms and for such consideration as they from time to time authorize.
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Section 4. Status of Shares and Limitation of Personal Liability. Shares shall be deemed to be personal property giving Shareholders only the rights provided in this Declaration of Trust. Among the rights Shareholders shall not have unless expressly provided by the By-Laws or expressly provided by law and not permitted to be waived are rights to: (i) enforce contractual claims of the Trust or any Series, (ii) assert claims against the Trust or any Series or its Trustees, Officers or service providers, (iii) assert derivative claims on behalf of the Trust or any Series or involving any alleged harm to the Trust or any Series, or (iv) bring a claim on behalf of any other shareholder. Every Shareholder by virtue of having become a Shareholder shall be held to have expressly assented and agreed to the terms hereof and to have become a party hereto.
The death of a Shareholder during the continuance of the Trust shall not operate to terminate the same nor entitle the representative of any deceased Shareholder to an accounting or to take any action in court or elsewhere against the Trust or the Trustees, but entitles such representative only to the rights of said deceased Shareholder under this Trust.
Ownership of Shares shall not entitle the Shareholder to any title in or to the whole or any part of the Trust property or right to call for a partition or division of the same or for an accounting, nor shall the ownership of Shares constitute the Shareholders partners.
Neither the Trust nor the Trustees, nor any officer, employee or agent of the Trust shall have any power to bind personally any Shareholders, nor except as specifically provided herein to call upon any Shareholder for the payment of any sum of money or assessment whatsoever other than such as the Shareholder may at any time personally agree to pay.
Section 5. Power of Trustees to Change Provisions Relating to Shares. Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Declaration of Trust and without limiting the power of the Trustees to amend the Declaration of Trust as provided elsewhere herein, the Trustees shall have the power to amend this Declaration of Trust, at any time and from time to time, in such manner as the Trustees may determine in their sole discretion, without the need for Shareholder action, so as to add to, delete, replace or otherwise modify any provisions relating to the Shares contained in this Declaration of Trust for the purpose of (i) responding to or complying with any regulations, orders, rulings or interpretations of any governmental agency or any laws, now or hereafter applicable to the Trust, or (ii) designating and establishing Series and Classes in addition to the Series and Classes established in Section 6 of this Article III; provided that before adopting any such amendment without Shareholder approval the Trustees shall determine that it is consistent with the fair and equitable treatment of all Shareholders. The establishment and designation of any Series or Class of Shares in addition to the Series and Classes established and designated in Section 6 of this Article III shall be effective upon the execution by a majority of the then Trustees of an amendment to this Declaration of Trust, taking the form of a complete restatement or otherwise, setting forth such establishment and designation and the relative rights and preferences of such Series or Class, as the case may be, or as otherwise provided in such instrument.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Trustees may, for the above-stated purposes, amend the Declaration of Trust to:
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(a) create one or more Series or Classes of Shares (in addition to any Series or Classes already existing or otherwise) with such rights and preferences and such eligibility requirements for investment therein as the Trustees shall determine and reclassify any or all outstanding Shares as shares of particular Series or Classes in accordance with such eligibility requirements;
(b) amend any of the provisions set forth in paragraphs (a) through (j) of Section 6 of this Article III;
(c) combine one or more Series or Classes of Shares into a single Series or Class on such terms and conditions as the Trustees shall determine;
(d) change or eliminate any eligibility requirements for investment in Shares of any Series or Class, including without limitation the power to provide for the issue of Shares of any Series or Class in connection with any merger or consolidation of the Trust with another trust or company or any acquisition by the Trust of part or all of the assets of another trust or company;
(e) change the designation of any Series or Class of Shares;
(f) change the method of allocating dividends among the various Series and Classes of Shares;
(g) allocate any specific assets or liabilities of the Trust or any specific items of income or expense of the Trust to one or more Series or Classes of Shares; and
(h) specifically allocate assets to any or all Series or Classes of Shares or create one or more additional Series or Classes of Shares which are preferred over all other Series or Classes of Shares in respect of assets specifically allocated thereto or any dividends paid by the Trust with respect to any net income, however determined, earned from the investment and reinvestment of any assets so allocated or otherwise and provide for any special voting or other rights with respect to such Series or Classes.
Section 6. Establishment and Designation of Series. Without limiting the authority of the Trustees set forth in Section 5, inter alia, to establish and designate any further Series or Classes or to modify the rights and preferences of any Series, each Series set forth on Schedule 3.6 hereto (as may be amended from time to time by the Trustees) shall be, and are hereby, established and designated. In addition, with respect to each such Series, the Class I Shares, Class II Shares, Class III Shares, Class IV Shares, Class V Shares, Class VI Shares, Class VII Shares, Class VIII Shares and Class M Shares which each such Series may issue from time to time, shall be, and are hereby, established and designated, which Classes shall have the respective rights and preferences as are set forth in Exhibit 3.6 attached hereto as it may be amended from time to time by the Board of Trustees.
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Shares of each Series (or Class, as the case may be) established in this Section 6 shall have the following relative rights and preferences:
(a) Assets belonging to Series. All consideration received by the Trust for the issue or sale of Shares of a particular Series, together with all assets in which such consideration is invested or reinvested, all income, earnings, profits, and proceeds thereof from whatever source derived, including, without limitation, any proceeds derived from the sale, exchange or liquidation of such assets, and any funds or payments derived from any reinvestment of such proceeds in whatever form the same may be, shall irrevocably belong to that Series for all purposes, subject only to the rights of creditors, and shall be so recorded upon the books of account of the Trust. Such consideration, assets, income, earnings, profits and proceeds thereof, from whatever source derived, including, without limitation, any proceeds derived from the sale, exchange or liquidation of such assets, and any funds or payments derived from any reinvestment of such proceeds, in whatever form the same may be, are herein referred to as assets belonging to that Series. The right to bring, permit or maintain any action, proceeding or claim on behalf of the Trust or any Series is not an asset belonging to any Series, and the exclusive power to exercise this right is vested in the Trustees; provided, however, that nothing in this sentence shall restrict the treatment of the proceeds of an action, proceeding or claim on behalf of a Series as an asset belonging to that Series. In the event that there are any assets, income, earnings, profits and proceeds thereof, funds or payments which are not readily identifiable as belonging to any particular Series (collectively General Assets), the Trustees shall allocate such General Assets to, between or among any one or more of the Series established and designated from time to time in such manner and on such basis as they, in their sole discretion, deem fair and equitable, and any General Asset so allocated to a particular Series shall belong to that Series. Each such allocation by the Trustees shall be conclusive and binding upon the Shareholders of all Series for all purposes.
(b) Liabilities Belonging to Series. The assets belonging to each particular Series shall be charged solely with the liabilities of the Trust in respect to that Series, expenses, costs, charges and reserves attributable to that Series, and any general liabilities of the Trust which are not readily identifiable as belonging to any particular Series but which are allocated and charged by the Trustees to and among any one or more of the Series established and designated from time to time in a manner and on such basis as the Trustees in their sole discretion deem fair and equitable. The liabilities, expenses, costs, charges, and reserves so charged to a Series are herein referred to as liabilities belonging to that Series. Each allocation of liabilities, expenses, costs, charges and reserves by the Trustees shall be conclusive and binding upon the holders of all Series for all purposes.
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(c) Dividends, Distributions, Redemptions, and Repurchases. Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Declaration, including, without limitation, Article VI, no dividend or distribution (including, without limitation, any distribution paid upon termination of the Trust or of any Series or Class) with respect to, nor any redemption or repurchase of, the Shares of any Series shall be effected by the Trust other than from the assets belonging to such Series, nor shall any Shareholder of any particular Series otherwise have any right or claim against the assets belonging to any other Series except to the extent that such Shareholder has such a right or claim hereunder as a Shareholder of such other Series.
(d) Voting. Notwithstanding any of the other provisions of this Declaration, including, without limitation, Section 1 of Article V, the Shareholders of any particular Series or Class shall not be entitled to vote on any matters as to which such Series or Class is not affected except as otherwise required by the 1940 Act or other applicable law. On any matter submitted to a vote of Shareholders, all Shares of the Trust then entitled to vote shall be voted by individual Series, unless otherwise required by the 1940 Act or other applicable law.
(e) Equality. All the Shares of each particular Class of a Series shall represent an equal proportionate interest in the assets allocable to that Class, and each Share of any particular Series shall be equal to each other Share of that Series (subject to the liabilities allocated to each Class of that Series).
(f) Fractions. Any fractional Share of a Series or Class shall carry proportionately all the rights and obligations of a whole share of that Series or Class, including rights with respect to voting, receipt of dividends and distributions, redemption of Shares and termination of the Trust.
(g) Exchange Privilege. The Trustees shall have the authority to provide that the holders of Shares of any Series or Class shall have the right to exchange said Shares for Shares of one or more other Series or Class of Shares in accordance with such requirements and procedures as may be established by the Trustees.
(h) Combination of Series or Classes. The Trustees shall have the authority, without the approval of the Shareholders of any Series or Class unless otherwise required by applicable law, to combine the assets and liabilities belonging to any two or more Series (or the assets allocable to any two or more Classes) into assets and liabilities belonging (or allocable) to a single Series (or Class).
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(i) Elimination of Series or Classes. At any time that there are no Shares outstanding of any particular Series or Class previously established and designated, the Trustees may amend this Declaration of Trust to abolish that Series or Class and to rescind the establishment and designation thereof, such amendment to be effected in the manner provided in Section 5 of this Article III.
(j) Assets and Liabilities Allocable to a Class. The assets and liabilities belonging to a Series shall be proportionately allocated among all the Classes of that Series according to the percentage of net assets allocated to each particular Class. For purposes of determining the assets and liabilities belonging to a Series that are allocable to a Class of that Series, subject to the provisions of paragraph (g) of Section 5 of this Article III, expenses shall be accrued as set forth in Exhibit 3.6 attached hereto.
Section 7. Indemnification of Shareholders. In case any Shareholder or former Shareholder shall be held to be personally liable solely by reason of his or her being or having been a Shareholder of the Trust or of a particular Series and not because of his or her acts or omissions or for some other reason, the Shareholder or former Shareholder (or his or her heirs, executors, administrators or other legal representatives or in the case of a corporation or other entity, its corporate or other general successor) shall be entitled out of the assets of the Series of which he is a Shareholder or former Shareholder to be held harmless from and indemnified against all loss and expense arising from such liability.
Section 8. No Preemptive Rights. Shareholders shall have no preemptive or other right to subscribe to any additional Shares or other securities issued by the Trust.
ARTICLE IV.
The Trustees
Section 1. Election and Tenure. The Trustees may fix the number of vacancies arising from an increase in the number of Trustees, or remove Trustees with or without cause. Each Trustee shall serve during the continued lifetime of the Trust until he dies, resigns or is removed, or if sooner, until the next meeting of Shareholders called for the purpose of electing Trustees and until the election and qualification of his successor. Any Trustee may resign at any time by written instrument signed by him and delivered to any officer of the Trust or to a meeting of the Trustees. Such resignation shall be effective upon receipt unless specified to be effective at some other time. Except to the extent expressly provided in a written agreement with the Trust, no Trustee resigning and no Trustee removed shall have any right to any compensation for any period following his resignation or removal, or any right to damages on account of such removal. The Shareholders may fix the number of Trustees and elect Trustees at any meeting of Shareholders called by the Trustees for that purpose.
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Section 2. Effect of Death, Resignation, etc. of a Trustee. The death, declination, resignation, retirement, removal, or incapacity of the Trustees, or any of them, shall not operate to annul the Trust or to revoke any existing agency created pursuant to the terms of this Declaration of Trust.
Section 3. Powers. Subject to the provisions of this Declaration of Trust, the business of the Trust shall be managed by the Trustees, and they shall have all powers necessary or convenient to carry out that responsibility including the power to engage in securities transactions of all kinds on behalf of the Trust and the exclusive power to bring, permit or maintain any action, proceeding or claim on behalf of the Trust or a Series. Without limiting the foregoing, the Trustees may adopt By-Laws not inconsistent with this Declaration of Trust providing for the regulation and management of the affairs of the Trust and may amend and repeal them to the extent that such By-Laws do not reserve that right to the Shareholders; they may fill vacancies in or remove from their number (including any vacancies created by an increase in the number of Trustees); they may remove from their number with or without cause; they may elect and remove such officers and appoint and terminate such agents as they consider appropriate; they may appoint from their own number and terminate one or more committees consisting of two or more Trustees which may exercise the powers and authority of the Trustees to the extent that the Trustees determine; they may employ one or more custodians of the assets of the Trust and may authorize such custodians to employ subcustodians and to deposit all or any part of such assets in a system or systems for the central handling of securities or with a Federal Reserve Bank, retain a transfer agent or a shareholder servicing agent, or both, provide for the distribution of Shares by the Trust, through one or more principal underwriters or otherwise, set record dates for the determination of Shareholders with respect to various matters, and in general delegate such authority as they consider desirable to any officer of the Trust, to any committee of the Trustees and to any agent or employee of the Trust or to any such custodian or underwriter.
Without limiting the foregoing, the Trustees shall have power and authority:
(a) To invest and reinvest cash, and to hold cash uninvested;
(b) To sell, exchange, lend, pledge, mortgage, hypothecate, lease, or write options with respect to or otherwise deal in any property rights relating to any or all of the assets of the Trust;
(c) To vote or give assent, or exercise any rights of ownership, with respect to stock or other securities or property; and to execute and deliver proxies or powers of attorney to such person or persons as the Trustees shall deem proper, granting to such person or persons such power and discretion with relation to securities or property as the Trustees shall deem proper;
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(d) | To exercise power and rights of subscription or otherwise which in any manner arise out of ownership of securities; |
(e) To hold any security or property in a form not indicating any trust, whether in bearer, unregistered or other negotiable form, or in its own name or in the name of a custodian or subcustodian or a nominee or nominees or otherwise;
(f) To consent to or participate in any plan for the reorganization, consolidation or merger of any corporation or issuer of any security which is held in the Trust; to consent to any contract, lease, mortgage, purchase or sale of property by such corporation or issuer; and to pay calls or subscriptions with respect to any security held in the Trust;
(g) To join with other security holders in acting through a committee, depositary, voting trustee or otherwise, and in that connection to deposit any security with, or transfer any security to, any such committee, depositary or trustee, and to delegate to them such power and authority with relation to any security (whether or not so deposited or transferred) as the Trustees shall deem proper and to agree to pay, and to pay, such portion of the expenses and compensation of such committee, depositary or trustee as the Trustees shall deem proper;
(h) To compromise, arbitrate or otherwise adjust claims in favor of or against the Trust or any matter in controversy, including but not limited to claims for taxes;
(i) To enter into joint ventures, general or limited partnerships and any other combinations or associations;
(j) To borrow funds or other property;
(k) To endorse or guarantee the payment of any notes or other obligations of any person; to make contracts of guaranty or suretyship, or otherwise assume liability for payment thereof;
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(l) To purchase and pay for entirely out of Trust property such insurance as they may deem necessary or appropriate for the conduct of the business, including without limitation, insurance policies insuring the assets of the Trust and payment of distributions and principal on its portfolio investments, and insurance policies insuring the Shareholders, Trustees, officers, employees, agents, investment advisers, principal underwriters, or independent contractors of the Trust individually against all claims and liabilities of every nature arising by reason of holding being or having held any such office or position, or by reason of any action alleged to have been taken or omitted by any such person as Trustee, officer, employee, agent, investment adviser, principal underwriter, or independent contractor, including any action taken or omitted that may be determined to constitute negligence, whether or not the Trust would have the power to indemnify such person against liability; and
(m) To pay pensions as deemed appropriate by the Trustees and to adopt, establish and carry out pension, profit-sharing, share bonus, share purchase, savings, thrift and other retirement, incentive and benefit plans, trusts and provisions, including the purchasing of life insurance and annuity contracts as a means of providing such retirement and other benefits, for any or all of the Trustees, officers, employees and agents of the Trust.
The Trustees shall not in any way be bound or limited by any present or future law or custom in regard to investments by Trustees. The Trustees shall not be required to obtain any court order to deal with any assets of the Trust or take any other action hereunder.
Section 4. Payment of Expenses by the Trust. The Trustees are authorized to pay or cause to be paid out of the principal or income of the Trust, or partly out of principal and partly out of income, as they deem fair, all expenses, fees, charges, taxes and liabilities incurred or arising in connection with the Trust, or in connection with the management thereof, including but not limited to, the Trustees compensation and such expenses and charges for the services of the Trusts officers, employees, investment adviser or manager, principal underwriter, auditor, counsel, custodian, transfer agent, shareholder servicing agent, and such other agents or independent contractors and such other expenses and charges as the Trustees may deem necessary or proper to incur.
Section 5. Payment of Expenses by Shareholders. The Trustees shall have the power, as frequently as they may determine, to cause each Shareholder, or each Shareholder of any particular Series or Class, to pay directly, in advance or arrears, for charges of the Trusts custodian or transfer, shareholder servicing or similar agent, an amount fixed from time to time by the Trustees, by setting off such charges due from such Shareholder from declared but unpaid dividends owed such Shareholder and/or by reducing the number of Shares in the account of such Shareholder by that number of full and/or fractional Shares which represents the outstanding amount of such charges due from such Shareholder.
Section 6. Ownership of Assets of the Trust. Title to all of the assets of the Trust shall at all times be considered as vested in the Trustees.
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Section 7. Advisory, Management and Distribution Contracts. Subject to such requirements and restrictions as may be set forth in the By-Laws, the Trustees may, at any time and from time to time, contract for exclusive or nonexclusive advisory and/or management services for the Trust or for any Series with Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (including any limited liability company, provided that a majority of the beneficial owners of Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC hold a majority of the equity interest in such entity and substantially all business of Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC is assigned thereto) or any other partnership, corporation, trust, association or other organization (the Manager); and any such contract may contain such other terms as the Trustees may determine, including, without limitation, authority for a Manager to determine from time to time without prior consultation with the Trustees what investments shall be purchased, held, sold or exchanged and what portion, if any, of the assets of the Trust shall be held uninvested and to make changes in the Trusts investments. The Trustees may also, at any time and from time to time, contract with the Manager or any other partnership, corporation, trust, association or other organization, appointing it exclusive or nonexclusive distributor or principal underwriter for the Shares, every such contract to comply with such requirements and restrictions as may be set forth in the By-Laws; and any such contract may contain such other terms as the Trustees may determine. The Trustees may clarify or interpret on behalf of the Trust provisions of the contracts that it enters into pursuant to this Article IV, Section 7 that are ambiguous, implicit or missing.
The fact that:
(i) any of the Shareholders, Trustees or officers of the Trust is a shareholder, director, officer, partner, trustee, employee, manager, adviser, principal underwriter, distributor or affiliate or agent of or for any partnership, corporation, trust, association, or other organization, or of or for any parent or affiliate of any organization, with which an advisory or management contract, or principal underwriters or distributors contract, or transfer, shareholder servicing or other agency contract may have been or may hereafter be made, or that any such organization, or any parent or affiliate thereof, is a Shareholder or has an interest in the Trust, or that
(ii) any corporation, trust, association or other organization with which an advisory or management contract or principal underwriters or distributors contract, or transfer, shareholder servicing or other agency contract may have been or may hereafter be made also has an advisory or management contract, or principal underwriters or distributors contract, or transfer, shareholder servicing or other agency contract with one or more other corporations, trusts, associations, or other organizations, or has other business or interests,
shall not affect the validity of any such contract or disqualify any Shareholder, Trustee or officer of the Trust from voting upon or executing the same or create any liability or accountability to the Trust or its Shareholders.
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ARTICLE V.
Shareholders Voting Powers and Meetings
Section 1. Voting Powers. The Shareholders shall have power to vote only (i) for the election of Trustees as provided in Article IV, Section 1, (ii) with respect to any amendment of this Declaration of Trust to the extent and as provided in Article VIII, Section 8, (iii) to the same extent as the stockholders of a Massachusetts business corporation as to whether or not a court action, proceeding or claim should or should not be brought or maintained derivatively or as a class action on behalf of the Trust or the Shareholders, (iv) with respect to the termination of the Trust or any Series or Class to the extent and as provided in Article VIII, Section 4, and (v) with respect to such additional matters relating to the Trust as may be required by this Declaration of Trust, the By-Laws or any registration of the Trust with the Commission (or any successor agency) or any state, or as the Trustees may consider necessary or desirable. Each whole Share shall be entitled to one vote as to any matter on which it is entitled to vote and each fractional Share shall be entitled to a proportionate fractional vote. There shall be no cumulative voting in the election of Trustees. Shares may be voted in person or by proxy. A proxy with respect to Shares held in the name of two or more persons shall be valid if executed by any one of them unless at or prior to exercise of the proxy the Trust receives a specific written notice to the contrary from any one of them. A proxy purporting to be executed by or on behalf of a Shareholder shall be deemed valid unless challenged at or prior to its exercise and the burden of proving invalidity shall rest on the challenger. At any time when no Shares of a Series or Class are outstanding the Trustees may exercise all rights of Shareholders of that Series or Class with respect to matters affecting that Series or Class and may with respect to that Series or Class take any action required by law, this Declaration of Trust or the By-Laws to be taken by the Shareholders.
Section 2. Voting Power and Meetings. Meetings of the Shareholders may be called by the Trustees for the purpose of electing Trustees as provided in Article IV, Section 1 and for such other purposes as may be prescribed by law, by this Declaration of Trust or by the By-Laws. Meetings of the Shareholders may also be called by the Trustees from time to time for the purpose of taking action upon any other matter deemed by the Trustees to be necessary or desirable. A meeting of Shareholders may be held at any place designated by the Trustees. Written notice of any meeting of Shareholders shall be given or caused to be given by the Trustees by mailing such notice at least seven days before such meeting, postage prepaid, stating the time and place of the meeting, to each Shareholder at the Shareholders address as it appears on the records of the Trust. Whenever notice of a meeting is required to be given to a Shareholder under this Declaration of Trust or the By-Laws, a written waiver thereof, executed before or after the meeting by such Shareholder or his attorney thereunto authorized and filed with the records of the meeting, shall be deemed equivalent to such notice.
Section 3. Quorum and Required Vote. Except when a larger quorum is required by law, by the By-Laws or by this Declaration of Trust, 40% of the Shares entitled to vote shall constitute a quorum at a Shareholders meeting. When any one Series or Class is to vote separately from any
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other Shares which are to vote on the same matters as a separate Series or Class, 40% of the Shares of each such Series or Class entitled to vote shall constitute a quorum at a Shareholders meeting of that Series or Class. Any meeting of Shareholders may be adjourned from time to time by a majority of the votes property cast upon the question, whether or not a quorum is present, and the meeting may be held as adjourned within a reasonable time after the date set for the original meeting without further notice. When a quorum is present at any meeting, a majority of the Shares voted shall decide any questions and a plurality shall elect a Trustee, except when a larger vote is required by any provision of this Declaration of Trust or the By-Laws or by law. If any question on which the Shareholders are entitled to vote would adversely affect the rights of any Series or Class of Shares, the vote of a majority (or such larger vote as is required as aforesaid) of the Shares of such Series or Class which are entitled to vote, voting separately, shall also be required to decide such question.
Section 4. Action by Written Consent. Any action taken by Shareholders may be taken without a meeting if Shareholders holding a majority of the Shares entitled to vote on the matter (or such larger proportion thereof as shall be required by any express provision of this Declaration of Trust or by the By-Laws) and holding a majority (or such larger proportion as aforesaid) of the Shares of any Series or Class entitled to vote separately on the matter consent to the action in writing and such written consents are filed with the records of the meetings of Shareholders. Such consent shall be treated for all purposes as a vote taken at a meeting of Shareholders.
Section 5. Record Dates. For the purpose of determining the Shareholders of any Series or Class who are entitled to vote or act at any meeting or any adjournment thereof, the Trustees may from time to time fix a time, which shall be not more than 60 days before the date of any meeting of Shareholders, as the record date for determining the Shareholders of such Series or Class having the right to notice of and to vote at such meeting and any adjournment thereof, and in such case only Shareholders of record on such record date shall have such right, notwithstanding any transfer of shares on the books of the Trust after the record date. For the purpose of determining the Shareholders of any Series or Class who are entitled to receive payment of any dividend or of any other distribution, the Trustees may from time to time fix a date, which shall be before the date for the payment of such dividend or such other payment, as the record date for determining the Shareholders of such Series or Class having the right to receive such dividend or distribution. Without fixing a record date the Trustees may for voting and/or distribution purposes close the register or transfer books for one or more Series or Class for all or any part of the period between a record date and a meeting of shareholders or the payment of a distribution. Nothing in this section shall be construed as precluding the Trustees from setting different record dates for different Series or Classes.
Section 6. Additional Provisions. The By-Laws may include further provisions for Shareholders votes and meetings and related matters.
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ARTICLE VI.
Net Income, Distributions, Allocations, and Redemptions and Repurchases
Section 1. Distributions of Net Income. The Trustees shall each year, or more frequently if they so determine in their sole discretion, distribute to the Shareholders of each Series or Class, in shares of that Series or Class, cash or otherwise, an amount approximately equal to the net income attributable to the assets belonging to such Series (or the assets allocable to such Class) and may from time to time distribute to the Shareholders of each Series or Class, in shares of that Series, cash or otherwise, such additional amounts, but only from the assets belonging to such Series (or allocable to that Class), as they may authorize; provided, however, that with respect to GMO World Opportunity Overlay Fund and any other Series for which it is determined, prior to the time that any Shares of such Series are outstanding, that the Series will elect to be treated as a partnership for tax purposes, the Trustees shall determine in their sole discretion the timing and amount of any distributions to Shareholders of such Series. All dividends and distributions on Shares of a particular Series or Class shall be distributed pro rata to the holders of that Series or Class in proportion to the number of Shares of that Series or Class held by such holders and recorded on the books of the Trust at the date and time of record established for that payment or such dividend or distributions.
The manner of determining net income, income, asset values, capital gains, expenses, liabilities and reserves of any Series or Class may from time to time be altered as necessary or desirable in the judgment of the Trustees to conform such manner of determination to any other method prescribed or permitted by applicable law. Net income shall be determined by the Trustees or by such person as they may authorize at the times and in the manner provided in the By-Laws. Determinations of net income of any Series or Class and determination of income, asset value, capital gains, expenses, and liabilities made by the Trustees, or by such person as they may authorize, in good faith, shall be binding on all parties concerned. The foregoing sentence shall not be construed to protect any Trustee, officer or agent of the Trust against any liability to the Trust or its security holders to which he would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office.
If, for any reason, the net income of any Series or Class determined at any time is a negative amount, the pro rata share of such negative amount allocable to each Shareholder of such Series or Class shall constitute a liability of such Shareholder to that Series or Class which shall be paid out of such Shareholders account at such times and in such manner as the Trustees may from time to time determine (x) out of the accrued dividend account of such Shareholder, (y) by reducing the number of Shares of that Series or Class in the account of such Shareholder, or (z) otherwise.
Section 2. Allocations. In respect of any Series that is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, the Trustees (or such other person designated by the Trustees as having responsibility for making tax determinations on behalf of the Series) shall have authority to make special allocations of income, gain, loss or deduction among Shareholders upon withdrawals or
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transfers of shares as necessary to avoid mandatory basis adjustments in the assets of the Series as required by Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), section 743 or 734 that would otherwise apply as a result of amendments to such Code sections under The American Jobs Creation Act of 2004, enacted on October 22, 2004.
Section 3. Redemptions and Repurchases. The Trust shall purchase such Shares as are offered by any Shareholder for redemption, upon the presentation of a proper instrument of transfer together with a request directed to the Trust or a person designated by the Trust that the Trust purchase such Shares or in accordance with such other procedures for redemption as the Trustees may from time to time authorize; and the Trust will pay therefor the net asset value thereof, as determined in accordance with the By-Laws, next determined. Payment for said Shares shall be made by the Trust to the Shareholder within seven days after the date on which the request is made. The obligation set forth in this Section 2 is subject to the provision that in the event that any time the New York Stock Exchange is closed for other than weekends or holidays, or if permitted by the rules of the Commission during periods when trading on the Exchange is restricted or during any emergency which makes it impracticable for the Trust to dispose of the investments of the applicable Series or to determine fairly the value of the net assets belonging to such Series (or net assets allocable to such Class) or during any other period permitted by order of the Commission for the protection of investors, such obligations may be suspended or postponed by the Trustees. The Trust may also purchase or repurchase Shares at a price not exceeding the net asset value of such Shares in effect when the purchase or repurchase or any contract to purchase or repurchase is made.
The redemption price may in any case or cases be paid wholly or partly in kind if the Trustees determine that such payment is advisable in the interest of the remaining Shareholders of the Series or Class the Shares of which are being redeemed. In making any such payment wholly or partly in kind, the Trust shall, so far as may be practicable, deliver assets which approximate the diversification of all of the assets belonging at the time to the Series (or allocable to the Class) the Shares of which are being redeemed. Subject to the foregoing, the fair value, selection and quantity of securities or other property so paid or delivered as all or part of the redemption price may be determined by or under authority of the Trustees. In no case shall the Trust be liable for any delay of any corporation or other person in transferring securities selected for delivery as all or part of any payment in kind.
For avoidance of doubt, nothing in this Section 3 shall preclude the Trust from purchasing Shares of any Series or Class offered for redemption at net asset value less any applicable redemption fee as the Board may approve from time to time.
Section 4. Redemptions at the Option of the Trust. The Trust shall have the right at its option and at any time to redeem Shares of any Shareholder at the net asset value thereof as described in Section 1 of this Article VI: (i) if at such time such Shareholder owns Shares of any Series or Class having an aggregate net asset value of less than an amount determined from time to time by the Trustees; or (ii) to the extent that such Shareholder owns Shares equal to or in excess of a percentage determined from time to time by the Trustees of the outstanding Shares of the Trust or of any Series or Class.
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ARTICLE VII.
Compensation and Limitation of Liability of Trustees
Section 1. Compensation. The Trustees as such shall be entitled to reasonable compensation from the Trust; they may fix the amount of their compensation. Nothing herein shall in any way prevent the employment of any Trustee for advisory, management, legal, accounting, investment banking or other services and payment for the same by the Trust.
Section 2. Limitation of Liability. The Trustees shall not be responsible or liable in any event for any neglect or wrong-doing of any officer, agent, employee, Manager or principal underwriter of the Trust, nor shall any Trustee be responsible for the act or omission of any other Trustee, but nothing herein contained shall protect any Trustee against any liability to which he would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office.
Every note, bond, contract, instrument, certificate or undertaking and every other act or thing whatsoever issued, executed or done by or on behalf of the Trust or the Trustees or any of them in connection with the Trust shall be conclusively deemed to have been issued, executed or done only in or with respect to their or his capacity as Trustees or Trustee, and such Trustees or Trustee shall not be personally liable thereon.
ARTICLE VIII.
Miscellaneous
Section 1. Trustees, Shareholders, etc. Not Personally Liable; Notice. All persons extending credit to, contracting with or having any claim against the Trust or any Series or Class shall look only to the assets of the Trust, or, to the extent that the liability of the Trust may have been expressly limited by contract to the assets of a particular Series (or the assets allocable to a particular Class), only to the assets belonging to the relevant Series (or allocable to the relevant Class), for payment under such credit, contract or claim; and neither the Shareholders nor the Trustees, nor any of the Trusts officers, employees or agents, whether past, present or future, shall be personally liable therefor. Nothing in this Declaration of Trust shall protect any Trustee against any liability to which such Trustee would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the office of Trustee.
Every note, bond, contract, instrument, certificate or undertaking made or issued on behalf of the Trust by the Trustees, by any officers or officer or otherwise shall give notice that this Declaration of Trust is on file with the Secretary of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts and shall recite that the same was executed or made by or on behalf of the Trust or by them as
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Trustee or Trustees or as officers or officer or otherwise and not individually and that the obligations of such instrument are not binding upon any of them or the shareholders individually but are binding only upon the assets and property of the Trust or upon the assets belonging to the Series (or allocable to the Class) for the benefit of which the Trustees have caused the note, bond, contract, instrument, certificate or undertaking to be made, or issued, and may contain such further recital as he or they may deem appropriate, but the omission of any such recital shall not operate to bind any Trustee or Trustees or officers or officer or Shareholders or any other person individually.
Section 2. Trustees Good Faith Action, Expert Advice, No Bond or Surety. The exercise by the Trustees of their powers and discretions hereunder shall be binding upon everyone interested. A Trustee shall be liable for his own willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the office of Trustee, and for nothing else, and shall not be liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law. The Trustees may take advice of counsel or other experts with respect to the meaning and operation of this Declaration of Trust, and shall be under no liability for any act or omission in accordance with such advice or for failing to follow such advice. The Trustees shall not be required to give any bond as such, nor any surety if a bond is required.
Section 3. Liability of Third Persons Dealing with Trustees. No person dealing with the Trustees shall be bound to make any inquiry concerning the validity of any transaction made or to be made by the Trustees or to see to the application of any payments made or property transferred to the Trust or upon its order.
Section 4. Termination of Trust or Series or Class. Unless terminated as provided herein, the Trust shall continue without limitation of time. The Trust may be terminated at any time by vote of at least 66-2/3% of the Shares of each Series entitled to vote and voting separately by Series or by the Trustees by written notice to the Shareholders. Any Series may be terminated at any time by vote of at least 66-2/3% of the Shares of that Series or by the Trustees by written notice to the Shareholders of that Series. Any Class may be separately terminated at any time by vote of at least a majority of the Shares of that Class present and voting on the question (a quorum being present) or by the Trustees by written notice to the Shareholders of that Class.
Upon termination of the Trust (or any Series or Class, as the case may be), after paying or otherwise providing for all charges, taxes, expenses and liabilities belonging, severally, to each Series or allocable to each Class (or the applicable Series or Classes, as the case may be), whether due or accrued or anticipated as may be determined by the Trustees, the Trust shall in accordance with such procedures as the Trustees consider appropriate reduce the remaining assets belonging, severally, to each Series or allocable to each Class (or the applicable Series or Classes, as the case may be), to distributable form in cash or shares or other securities, or any combination thereof, and distribute the proceeds belonging to each Series or allocable to each Class (or the applicable Series or Classes, as the case may be), to the Shareholders of that Series or Class, as a Series or Class, ratably according to the number of Shares of that Series or Class held by the several Shareholders on the date of termination.
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Section 5. Merger and Consolidation. The Trustees may cause the Trust to be merged into or consolidated with another trust or company or its shares exchanged under or pursuant to any state or federal statute, if any, or otherwise to the extent permitted by law, if such merger or consolidation or share exchange has been authorized by vote of a majority of the outstanding Shares; provided that in all respects not governed by statute or applicable law, the Trustees shall have power to prescribe the procedure necessary or appropriate to accomplish a sale of assets, merger or consolidation.
Section 6. Filing of Copies, References, Headings. The original or a copy of this instrument and of each amendment hereto shall be kept at the office of the Trust where it may be inspected by any Shareholder. A copy of this instrument and of each amendment hereto shall be filed by the Trust with the Secretary of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts and with any other governmental office where such filing may from time to time be required. Anyone dealing with the Trust may rely on a certificate by an officer of the Trust as to whether or not any such amendments have been made and as to any matters in connection with the Trust hereunder; and, with the same effect as if it were the original, may rely on a copy certified by an officer of the Trust to be a copy of this instrument or of any such amendments. In this instrument and in any such amendment, references to this instrument, and all expressions like herein, hereof and hereunder, shall be deemed to refer to this instrument as amended or affected by any such amendments. Headings are placed herein for convenience of reference only and shall not be taken as a part hereof or control or affect the meaning, construction or effect of this instrument. This instrument may be executed in any number of counterparts each of which shall be deemed an original.
Section 7. Applicable Law. This Declaration of Trust is made in The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and it is created under and is to be governed by and construed and administered according to the laws of said Commonwealth. The Trust shall be of the type commonly called a Massachusetts business trust, and without limiting the provisions hereof, the Trust may exercise all powers which are ordinarily exercised by such a trust.
Section 8. Amendments. This Declaration of Trust may be amended at any time by an instrument in writing signed by a majority of the then Trustees when authorized so to do by vote of a majority of the Shares entitled to vote, except that amendments described in Article III, Section 5 hereof or having the purpose of changing the name of the Trust or of supplying any omission, curing any ambiguity or curing, correcting or supplementing any defective or inconsistent provision contained herein shall not require authorization by Shareholder vote.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Trustees as aforesaid do hereto set their hands this 30th day of November 2015.
/s/ Donald W. Glazer |
Donald W. Glazer |
Trustee |
|
Paul Braverman |
Trustee |
/s/ Peter Tufano |
Peter Tufano Trustee |
/s/ Joseph B. Kittredge, Jr. |
Joseph B. Kittredge, Jr. |
Trustee |
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Exhibit 3.6 to Declaration of Trust
GMO TRUST
Plan pursuant to Rule 18f-3 under the
Investment Company Act of 1940
Effective June 1, 1996
As Amended and Restated June 20, 2014
This Plan (the Plan) is adopted by GMO Trust (the Trust) pursuant to Rule 18f-3 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the Act) and sets forth the general characteristics of, and the general conditions under which the Trust may offer, multiple classes of shares of its now existing and hereafter created portfolios (Funds). This Plan may be revised or amended from time to time as provided below.
Class Designations
Each Fund of the Trust may from time to time issue one or more of the following classes of shares: Class I Shares, Class II Shares, Class III Shares, Class IV Shares, Class V Shares, Class VI Shares, Class VII Shares, Class VIII Shares, and Class MF Shares. Each of the classes of shares of any Fund will represent interests in the same portfolio of investments and, except as described herein, shall have the same rights and obligations as each other class. Each class shall be subject to such investment minimums and other conditions of eligibility as are set forth in the Trusts prospectus or statement of additional information as from time to time in effect (the Prospectus). The Trust may determine to modify such investment minimums from time to time as set forth in the Prospectus from time to time.
Class Eligibility
Eligibility Information for Class I, Class II, Class III, Class IV, Class V, Class VI, Class VII and Class VIII Shares:
With certain exceptions described below, eligibility for Class I, Class II, Class III, Class IV, Class V, Class VI, Class VII and Class VIII Shares is dependent upon the client meeting either (i) a minimum Total Fund Investment requirement, which includes only a clients total investment in a particular Fund, or (ii) a minimum Total GMO Investment requirement, which includes the clients total investment with Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (GMO or the Manager), provided that clients who qualify for investment in Class IV, Class V, Class VI, Class VII or Class VIII shares of a particular Fund as a result of satisfying the minimum Total GMO Investment requirement may also be required to make a minimum investment in such Fund, in such amount as is set forth in the Prospectus from time to time.
Determination of Total GMO Investments: A clients Total GMO Investment will be determined by GMO (i) at the time of the clients initial investment, (ii) at the close of business on the last business day of each calendar quarter, or (iii) on such other dates as may be determined by GMO (each a Determination Date).
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A clients Total GMO Investment as of any Determination Date will be determined as of such Determination Date by reference to the criteria set forth in the Prospectus (as amended from time to time) and this Plan, provided that any changes to the definition of Total GMO Investment must be approved by the Trusts Board of Trustees and provided further that, in the event that the terms of this Plan and the Prospectus conflict, the provisions of this Plan shall apply. For the avoidance of doubt, a determination as to aggregation of client accounts does not constitute a change in the definition of Total GMO Investment.
Aggregation of Accounts. GMO will make all determinations as to aggregation of client accounts for purposes of determining eligibility. GMO may, in its sole discretion, determine that an account is part of a larger client relationship with GMO that includes other accounts managed by GMO and its affiliates (including accounts managed for affiliates of the client) and, accordingly, that the account should be aggregated with those other accounts for purposes of determining its eligibility for a particular class of shares of a Fund. When making decisions regarding whether an account should be aggregated with other accounts because they are part of a larger client relationship, GMO considers several factors, including, but not limited to, whether: the multiple accounts are for one or more subsidiaries of the same parent company; the multiple accounts have the same beneficial owner regardless of the legal form of ownership; the investment mandate is the same or substantially similar across the relationship; the asset allocation strategies are substantially similar across the relationship; GMO reports to the same investment board; the consultant is the same for the entire relationship; GMO services the relationship through a single GMO relationship manager; the relationships have substantially similar reporting requirements; and/or the relationship can be serviced from a single geographic location.
Commitments to Invest. For purposes of calculating a clients Total Fund Investment or Total GMO Investment on a Determination Date, GMO may determine to include assets which the client has committed to deliver to GMO or its affiliates for management over an agreed upon period of time, but which have not been delivered as of the Determination Date.
Waiver of Eligibility Requirements. The Trust may waive eligibility requirements for certain persons, accounts, or special situations (e.g., GMO employees and their family members, the Trustees of the Trust, and other Funds of the Trust and other accounts over which GMO has investment discretion that invest in the Funds).
Eligibility Information for Class MF Shares:
Investors that are retail mutual funds seeking supplemental support services will be eligible to purchase Class MF Shares.
Class Characteristics
Class I, Class II, Class III, Class IV, Class V, Class VI, Class VII and Class VIII Shares:
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Shareholder Service Fees. The sole economic difference among the Class I, Class II, Class III, Class IV, Class V, Class VI, Class VII and Class VIII Shares is the level of shareholder service fee (Shareholder Service Fee) borne by the class for client and shareholder service, reporting, and other support provided to such class by GMO. The multiple class structure reflects the fact that, as the size of the client relationship increases, the cost to service that client decreases as a percentage of the clients assets. Thus, the Shareholder Service Fee generally is lower for classes requiring greater minimum investments.
Conversion Features. For Class I, Class II, Class III, Class IV, Class V, Class VI, Class VII and Class VIII Shares, GMO considers the value of each clients Total Fund Investment and Total GMO Investment on each Determination Date. Based on that determination, and subject to the following, each clients shares of a Fund eligible for conversion will be converted to the class of shares of that Fund with the lowest Shareholder Service Fee for which the client satisfies all minimum investment requirements (or, to the extent the client already holds shares of that class, the client will remain in that class). With respect to any Fund:
(i) | To the extent a client satisfies all minimum investment requirements for a class of shares then being offered that bears a lower Shareholder Service Fee than the class held by the client on the Determination Date (generally at the close of business on the last business day of each calendar quarter), the clients shares eligible for conversion will be automatically converted to that class within the period of time following the Determination Date specified in the Prospectus in effect from time to time. |
(ii) | If a client no longer satisfies all minimum investment requirements for the class of shares of a Fund held by the client on the last Determination Date of a calendar year (generally at the close of business on the last business day of the calendar year), except as noted below, the Fund will convert the clients shares to the class it is then offering bearing the lowest Shareholder Service Fee for which the client satisfies all minimum investment requirements (and which class will typically bear a higher Shareholder Service Fee than the class then held by the client). If a client no longer satisfies all minimum investment requirements for any class of shares of a Fund as of the last Determination Date of a calendar year, the Fund will convert the clients shares to the class of that Fund then being offered bearing the highest Shareholder Service Fee. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a clients shares will not be converted to a class of shares bearing a higher Shareholder Service Fee without prior notification by the Fund. In addition, as described in the Prospectus in effect from time to time, if the client makes an additional investment and/or the value of the clients shares otherwise increases prior to the end of the notice period so as to satisfy all minimum investment requirements for the clients current class of shares, the client will remain in the class of shares then held by the client. Solely for the purpose of determining whether a client has satisfied the minimum investment requirements for a clients current class of shares, the value of the clients shares is considered to be the greater of |
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(A) the value of the clients shares on the relevant Determination Date or (B) the value of the clients shares on the date that GMO reassesses the value of the clients account for the purpose of sending notice of a proposed conversion. In addition, if the client is not able to make an additional investment in a Fund solely because the Fund is closed to new investment or is capacity constrained, the class of shares then held by the client will not be converted unless the Manager approves reopening the Fund to permit the client to make an additional investment. Any conversion of a clients shares to a class of shares bearing a higher Shareholder Service Fee generally will occur within the period of time following the last Determination Date of a calendar year specified in the Prospectus in effect from time to time. |
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in clause (ii) above, if a client no longer satisfies all minimum investment requirements for the class of shares of a Fund held by the client as of any date, the Fund at any time without notice may convert the clients shares to the class it is then offering bearing the lowest Shareholder Service Fee for which the client satisfies all minimum investment requirements (or, if the Fund has no such class, the class of that Fund bearing the highest Shareholder Service Fee) if:
| The Manager believes the client has engaged in an abusive pattern of investments and/or redemptions (e.g., a large investment just before a Determination Date and a redemption right after the Determination Date); or |
| The client fails to meet the applicable Total Fund Investment or Total GMO Investment minimums by the time specified in the clients commitment letter; or |
| The total expense ratio borne by client immediately following the conversion is equal to or less than the total expense ratio borne by client immediately prior to such conversion (after giving effect to any applicable fee and expense waivers or reimbursements). |
Shares of one class will always convert into shares of another class on the basis of the relative net asset value of the two classes, without the imposition of any sales load, fee or other charge. The conversion of a clients investment from one class of shares to another is not a taxable event, and will not result in the realization of gain or loss that may exist in Fund shares held by the client. The clients tax basis in the new class of shares will equal its basis in the old class before conversion. The conversion of shares from one class to another class of shares may be suspended if the opinion of counsel obtained by the Fund that the conversion does not constitute a taxable event under current federal income tax law is no longer available.
Special Rules for Shareholders of Accounts Since May 31, 1996. Certain special rules will be applied by the Manager with respect to clients for whom GMO managed assets prior to the creation of multiple classes on May 31, 1996. Any client that has been a continuous shareholder of GMO Foreign Fund or GMO International Intrinsic Value Fund since May 31, 1996 (prior to the issuance of multiple classes of shares) will be eligible indefinitely to remain invested in Class III shares of that Fund.
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Notwithstanding the foregoing special rules applicable to clients owning shares of the Funds on May 31, 1996, such clients shall always be eligible to remain in and/or be converted to any class of shares of the relevant Fund with a lower Shareholder Service Fee which the client would be eligible to purchase pursuant to the eligibility requirements set forth elsewhere in this Plan or in the Prospectus.
Class MF:
Supplemental Support Fees. Class MF Shares are subject to a supplemental support fee (Supplement Support Fee) for support (other than personal services or services in connection with the maintenance of shareholder accounts described in the Shareholder Service Fees section above) provided to the shareholders of Class MF Shares.
Conversion Features. Clients holding Class MF Shares are not currently eligible to convert their Class MF Shares to any other class of shares offered by the Trust.
Allocations to Each Class
Expense Allocations:
Shareholder Service Fees payable by the Trust to the shareholder servicer of the Trusts shares (the Shareholder Servicer) shall be allocated, to the extent practicable, on a class-by-class basis, excluding Class MF Shares, which pay no Shareholder Service Fees. In addition, all Supplemental Support Fees payable by the Trust to the supplemental support provider (the Support Provider) in respect of its Class MF Shares shall be allocated exclusively to Class MF Shares. Subject to the approval of the Trusts Board of Trustees, including a majority of the independent Trustees, the following Class Expenses may (if such expense is properly assessable at the class level) in the future be allocated on a class-by-class basis: (a) transfer agency costs attributable to each class, (b) printing and postage expenses related to preparing and distributing materials such as shareholder reports, prospectuses and proxy statements to current shareholders of a specific Class, (c) SEC registration fees incurred with respect to a specific class, (d) blue sky and foreign registration fees and expenses incurred with respect to a specific class, (e) the expenses of personnel and services required to support shareholders of a specific class (including, but not limited to, maintaining telephone lines and personnel to answer shareholder inquiries about their accounts or about the Trust), (f) litigation and other legal expenses relating to a specific class of shares, (g) Trustees fees or expenses incurred as a result of issues relating to a specific class of shares, (h) accounting and consulting expenses relating to a specific class of shares, (i) any fees imposed pursuant to a non-Rule 12b-1 shareholder service or support plan that relate to a specific class of shares, and (j) any additional expenses, not including advisory or custodial fees or other expenses related to the management of the Trusts assets, if these expenses are actually incurred in a different amount with respect to a class, or if services are provided with respect to a class, or if services are provided with respect to a class that are of a different kind or to a different degree than with respect to one or more other classes.
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All expenses not now or hereafter designated as Class Expenses (Fund Expenses) will be allocated to each class on the basis of the net asset value of that class in relation to the net asset value of the relevant Fund.
However, notwithstanding the above, a Fund may allocate all expenses other than Class Expenses on the basis of any methodology permitted by Rule 18f-3(c) under the Act, provided, however, that until such time as this Plan is amended with respect to the Funds allocation methodology, the Fund will allocate all expenses other than Class Expenses on the basis of relative net assets.
Waivers and Reimbursements:
The Manager, the Shareholder Servicer, the Funds distributor, and the Support Provider may choose to waive or reimburse Shareholder Service Fees, Supplemental Support Fees, or any other Class Expenses on a voluntary or temporary basis.
Income, Gain and Loss Allocations:
Income and realized and unrealized capital gains and losses shall be allocated to each class on the basis of the net asset value of that class in relation to the net asset value of the relevant Fund.
Each Fund may allocate income and realized and unrealized capital gains and losses to each share based on any methodology permitted by Rule 18f-3(c) under the Act, consistent with the provisions set forth in Expense Allocations above.
Redemptions at the Option of the Trust
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Plan, pursuant to Article VI, Section 4 of the Trusts Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, the Trust has the right to redeem unilaterally any shareholder of the Trust (i) if at such time such shareholder owns shares of any Fund or class thereof having an aggregate net asset value of less than an amount determined from time to time by the Trustees or (ii) to the extent that such shareholder owns shares equal to or in excess of a percentage, determined from time to time by the Trustees, of the outstanding shares of the Trust or of any Fund or class thereof.
Dividends
Dividends paid by the Trust with respect to any class of shares, to the extent any dividends are paid, will be calculated in the same manner, at the same time and will be in the same amount, except that any Shareholder Service Fee or Supplemental Support Fee payments relating to a class of shares will be borne exclusively by that class and, if applicable, Class Expenses relating to a class shall be borne exclusively by that class.
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Voting Rights
Each share of the Trust entitles the shareholder of record to one vote. Each class of shares of the Trust will vote separately as a class on matters for which class voting is required under applicable law.
Amendments
The Plan may be amended from time to time in accordance with the provisions and requirements of Rule 18f-3 under the Act.
Adopted this 20th day of June, 2014
By: |
/s/ Jason Harrison |
Name: | Jason Harrison | |
Title: | Clerk |
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Schedule 3.6 to Declaration of Trust
Series
GMO U.S. Equity Allocation Fund
GMO Quality Fund
GMO International Large/Mid Cap Equity Fund
GMO International Equity Fund
GMO Developed World Stock Fund
GMO Foreign Fund
GMO Foreign Small Companies Fund
GMO International Small Companies Fund
GMO Emerging Markets Fund
GMO Emerging Countries Fund
GMO Tax-Managed International Equities Fund
GMO Core Plus Bond Fund
GMO International Bond Fund
GMO Currency Hedged International Bond Fund
GMO Global Bond Fund
GMO Emerging Country Debt Fund
GMO International Equity Allocation Fund
GMO International Developed Equity Allocation Fund
GMO Global Equity Allocation Fund
GMO Global Developed Equity Allocation Fund
GMO Global Asset Allocation Fund
GMO Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund
GMO Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund
GMO Alpha Only Fund
GMO Systematic Global Macro Opportunity Fund
GMO Debt Opportunities Fund
GMO Taiwan Fund
GMO World Opportunity Overlay Fund
GMO U.S. Treasury Fund
GMO Asset Allocation Bond Fund
GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund
GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund
GMO Benchmark-Free Fund
GMO Global Focused Equity Fund
GMO Resources Fund
GMO Implementation Fund
GMO Risk Premium Fund
GMO Special Opportunities Fund
GMO Benchmark-Free Bond Fund
GMO GAAR Implementation Fund
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Exhibit (a)(21)
GMO TRUST
AMENDMENT NO. 20
TO
AMENDED AND RESTATED AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST
The undersigned, constituting at least a majority of the trustees of GMO Trust, a Massachusetts business trust created and existing under an Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated September 10, 2009 (the Declaration of Trust), as amended from time to time, a copy of which is on file in the Office of the Secretary of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, hereby rescind the establishment and designation of one series of GMO Trust, GMO International Bond Fund, and, having determined that it is desirable, appropriate and consistent with the fair and equitable treatment of all shareholders to change the name of GMO Systematic Global Macro Opportunity Fund, a series of GMO Trust, to GMO SGM Major Markets Fund, do hereby direct that this Amendment No. 20 be filed with the Secretary of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts and do hereby amend the Declaration of Trust by amending and restating Schedule 3.6 of the Declaration of Trust in its entirety as attached hereto.
The foregoing amendment shall become effective upon its execution by a majority of the Trustees of GMO Trust.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, we have hereunto set our hands for ourselves and for our successors and assigns this 1st day of December, 2015.
/s/ Donald W. Glazer |
Donald W. Glazer |
Trustee |
/s/ Joseph B. Kittredge, Jr. |
Joseph B. Kittredge, Jr. |
Trustee |
/s/ Paul Braverman |
Paul Braverman |
Trustee |
/s/ Peter Tufano |
Peter Tufano |
Trustee |
Schedule 3.6 to Declaration of Trust
Series
GMO U.S. Equity Allocation Fund
GMO Quality Fund
GMO International Large/Mid Cap Equity Fund
GMO International Equity Fund
GMO Developed World Stock Fund
GMO Foreign Fund
GMO Foreign Small Companies Fund
GMO International Small Companies Fund
GMO Emerging Markets Fund
GMO Emerging Countries Fund
GMO Tax-Managed International Equities Fund
GMO Core Plus Bond Fund
GMO Currency Hedged International Bond Fund
GMO Global Bond Fund
GMO Emerging Country Debt Fund
GMO International Equity Allocation Fund
GMO International Developed Equity Allocation Fund
GMO Global Equity Allocation Fund
GMO Global Developed Equity Allocation Fund
GMO Global Asset Allocation Fund
GMO Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund
GMO Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund
GMO Alpha Only Fund
GMO SGM Major Markets Fund
GMO Debt Opportunities Fund
GMO Taiwan Fund
GMO World Opportunity Overlay Fund
GMO U.S. Treasury Fund
GMO Asset Allocation Bond Fund
GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund
GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund
GMO Benchmark-Free Fund
GMO Global Focused Equity Fund
GMO Resources Fund
GMO Implementation Fund
GMO Risk Premium Fund
GMO Special Opportunities Fund
GMO Benchmark-Free Bond Fund
GMO GAAR Implementation Fund
Exhibit (b)
AMENDED AND RESTATED BY-LAWS
OF
GMO TRUST
Effective as of March 1, 2007
Amended as of November 17, 2015
ARTICLE 1
Agreement and Declaration
of Trust and Principal Office
1.1 Agreement and Declaration of Trust. These By-Laws shall be subject to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as from time to time in effect (the Declaration of Trust), of GMO Trust (the Trust), the Massachusetts business trust established by the Declaration of Trust.
1.2 Principal Office of the Trust. The principal office of the Trust shall be located in Boston, Massachusetts.
ARTICLE 2
Meetings of Trustees
2.1 Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Trustees may be held without call or notice at such places and at such times as the Trustees may from time to time determine, provided that notice of the first regular meeting following any such determination shall be given to absent Trustees.
2.2 Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Trustees may be held, at any time and at any place designated in the call of the meeting, when called by the Chairman of the Board, the President, or the Treasurer or by two or more Trustees, sufficient notice thereof being given to each Trustee by the Clerk or an Assistant Clerk or by the person or persons calling the meeting.
2.3 Notice. It shall be sufficient notice to a Trustee of a special meeting (a) to send notice by mail or courier at least forty-eight hours or by telegram at least twenty-four hours before the meeting addressed to the Trustee at his usual or last known business or residence address, (b) to send notice by email at least twenty-four hours before the meeting addressed to the Trustee at his usual or last known email address, or (c) to give notice to him in person or by telephone, telex or telecopy or other electronic means (including by facsimile or telephone voice-message) in each case at least twenty-four hours before the meeting. Notice of a meeting need not be given to any Trustee if a written waiver of notice, executed by him before or after the meeting, is filed with the records of the meeting, or to any Trustee who attends the meeting without protesting prior thereto or at its commencement the lack of notice to him. Neither notice of a meeting nor a waiver of a notice need specify the purposes of the meeting.
2.4 Quorum. Subject to the provisions of Section 2.9, at any meeting of the Trustees a majority of the Trustees then in office shall constitute a quorum. Any meeting may be adjourned from time to time by a majority of the votes cast upon the question, whether or not a quorum is present, and the meeting may be held as adjourned without further notice.
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2.5 Action by Vote. When a quorum is present at any meeting, a majority of Trustees present may take any action, except when a larger vote is expressly required by law, by the Declaration of Trust or by these By-Laws.
2.6 Action by Writing. Except as required by law, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Trustees may be taken without a meeting if a majority of the Trustees (or such larger proportion thereof as shall be required by any express provision of the Declaration of Trust or these By-Laws) consent to the action in writing and such written consents are filed with the records of the meetings of Trustees. Such consent shall be treated for all purposes as a vote taken at a meeting of Trustees.
2.7 Presence through Communications Equipment. Except as required by law, the Trustees may participate in a meeting of Trustees by means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other at the same time and participation by such means shall constitute presence in person at a meeting.
2.8 Committees. Except as provided below or as otherwise specifically provided in the resolutions constituting a Committee of the Trustees and providing for the conduct of its meetings, a majority of the members of any Committee of the Trustees shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, and any action of such a Committee may be taken at a meeting by a vote of a majority of the members present (a quorum being present) or evidenced by one or more writings signed by such a majority. Members of a Committee may participate in a meeting of such Committee by means of a conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other at the same time and participation by such means shall constitute presence in person at a meeting.
With respect to a Pricing Committee of the Trustees, one or more of the Committee members shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business.
Except as specifically provided in the resolutions constituting a Committee of the Trustees and providing for the conduct of its meetings, Article 2, Section 2.3 of these By-Laws relating to special meetings shall govern the notice requirements for Committee meetings, except that it shall be sufficient notice to a Pricing Committee of the Trustees to provide notice by telephone or to send notice by telegram, telex or telecopy or other electronic means (including by facsimile, by telephone voice-message or e-mail) in each case at least fifteen minutes before the meeting.
2.9 Emergency Procedures. For purposes of this Section 2.9, an emergency shall exist if, in the judgment of one or more officers of the Trust, action by the Trustees is necessary or desirable and a quorum of the Trustees or a Committee thereof, as defined in Article 2, Sections 2.4 and 2.8 of these By-Laws, cannot readily be assembled because of a catastrophic event. During the existence of an emergency, an emergency meeting of the Trustees or a Committee thereof may be called by any officer of the Trust by giving notice to the Trustees in the media contemplated by Article 2, Sections 2.3 and 2.8 of these By-Laws but with only fifteen minutes advance notice. The Trustee or Trustees in attendance at such emergency meeting shall constitute a quorum of the Trustees or the relevant Committee thereof at any such emergency meeting, and shall have all of the powers of the Trustees or the Committee thereof to conduct the business of the Trust and to take any action on behalf of the Trustees or the Committee thereof that is in accordance with applicable law, the Declaration of Trust, and these By-Laws. During the existence of an emergency, every Trustee attending a meeting of a Committee shall be an alternate member of that Committee, shall have all of the powers of a member of such Committee, and shall be deemed a member of such Committee for purposes of constituting a quorum of the Committee.
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Failure of any Trustee to receive actual notice of an emergency meeting called pursuant to this Section 2.9 shall not affect the power of the Trustee or Trustees present at such meeting to exercise the powers described in this Section 2.9.
ARTICLE 3
Officers and Chairman of the Board
3.1 Enumeration; Qualification. The officers of the Trust shall be a President, a Treasurer, a Clerk, and such other officers, if any, as the Trustees from time to time may in their discretion elect. The Trust may also have such agents as the Trustees from time to time may in their discretion appoint. Any officer may, but need not, be a Trustee or shareholder of the Trust. Any two or more offices may be held by the same person.
3.2 Election and Tenure. The President, the Treasurer, the Clerk, and such other officers as the Trustees may in their discretion from time to time elect shall each be elected by the Trustees to serve until his successor is elected or qualified, or until he sooner dies, resigns, is removed or becomes disqualified. Each officer shall hold office and each agent shall retain authority at the pleasure of the Trustees.
3.3 Powers. Subject to the other provisions of these By-Laws, each officer shall have, in addition to the duties and powers herein and in the Declaration of Trust set forth, such duties and powers as are commonly incident to the office occupied by him or her as if the Trust were organized as a Massachusetts business corporation and such other duties and powers as the Trustees may from time to time designate.
3.4 Chairman of the Board. There shall be a Chairman of the Board, who shall not be an officer of the Trust. The functions of the Chairman of the Board may be performed by more than one person. Any Chairman of the Board shall be elected by a majority of the Trustees, including a majority of the disinterested Trustees if required by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the Investment Company Act). If required by the Investment Company Act, any Chairman of the Board shall be a disinterested Trustee and may, but need not, be a shareholder of the Trust. The powers and duties of the Chairman of the Board shall include any and all such powers and duties relating to the Trustees as, from time to time, may be conferred upon or assigned to the Chairman of the Board by the Trustees or as may be required by law, provided that the Chairman of the Board shall have no individual authority to act for the Trust as an officer of the Trust. In carrying out his responsibilities and duties, the Chairman of the Board may seek assistance and input from other Trustees or Committees of the Trustees, officers of the Trust and the Trusts investment adviser and other service providers, as deemed necessary or appropriate. The Trustees, including a majority of the disinterested Trustees if required by the Investment Company Act, may appoint one or more persons to perform the duties of the Chairman of the Board in the event of his absence at any meeting or in the event of his disability. The Chairman of the Board shall serve until his successor is elected or qualified, or until he sooner dies, resigns, is removed or becomes disqualified.
3.5 President and Vice Presidents. The President shall have the duties and powers specified in these By-Laws and shall have such other duties and powers as may be determined by the Trustees.
Any Vice Presidents shall have such duties and powers as shall be designated from time to time by the Trustees.
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3.6 Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Executive Officer of the Trust shall be the President or such other officer as is designated by the Trustees and shall, subject to the control of the Trustees, have general charge and supervision of the business of the Trust. If no such designation is made, the President shall be the Chief Executive Officer.
The Chief Executive Officer shall serve as the principal executive officer of the Trust for purposes of the Trusts regulatory filings, including without limitation all filings relating to the Trusts registration statement (including amendments thereto) and all certifications required pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and its implementing rules and regulations (together, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act). The Chief Executive Officer shall also serve as the principal executive officer of the Trust for all other purposes in connection with the Trusts compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, including, together with the principal financial officer, responsibility for establishing, maintaining and evaluating disclosure controls and procedures for the Trust.
3.7 Treasurer. The Treasurer shall, subject to the provisions of the Declaration of Trust and to any arrangement made by the Trustees with a custodian, investment adviser or manager or transfer, shareholder servicing or similar agent, be in charge of the valuable papers, books of account and accounting records of the Trust, and shall have such other duties and powers as may be designated from time to time by the Trustees or by the Chief Executive Officer.
3.8 Chief Financial Officer. The Treasurer or such other officer as is designated by the Trustees shall be the Chief Financial Officer of the Trust. The Chief Financial Officer shall serve as the principal financial and accounting officer of the Trust for purposes of the Trusts regulatory filings, including without limitation all filings relating to the Trusts registration statement (including amendments thereto) and all certifications required pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The Chief Financial Officer shall also serve as the principal financial officer of the Trust for all other purposes in connection with the Trusts compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, including, together with the principal executive officer, responsibility for establishing, maintaining and evaluating disclosure controls and procedures for the Trust.
3.9 Clerk. The Clerk shall record all proceedings of the Shareholders and the Trustees in books to be kept therefor, which books or a copy thereof shall be kept at the principal office of the Trust. In the absence of the Clerk from any meeting of the Shareholders or Trustees, an assistant Clerk, or if there be none or if he is absent, a temporary clerk chosen at such meeting shall record the proceedings thereof in the aforesaid books.
3.10 Resignations and Removals. The Chairman of the Board may resign from his duties as such, and any officer of the Trust may resign such office, at any time by written instrument signed by him and delivered to the President or the Clerk or to a meeting of the Trustees. Such resignation shall be effective upon receipt unless specified to be effective at some other time. The Trustees may at any time remove any officer of the Trust with or without cause by a vote of a majority of the Trustees. The Trustees may at any time relieve any Chairman of the Board from his duties as such with or without cause by a vote or consent of a majority of the Trustees, including a majority of the disinterested Trustees. Except to the extent expressly provided in a written agreement with the Trust, no officer of the Trust or Chairman of the Board resigning and no officer of the Trust or Chairman of the Board removed shall have any right to any compensation for any period following his resignation or removal, or any right to damages on account of such removal.
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ARTICLE 4
Indemnification
4.1 Trustees, Officers, etc. The Trust shall, to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, indemnify each of its Trustees and officers (including persons who serve at the Trusts request as directors, officers or trustees of another organization in which the Trust has any interest as a shareholder, creditor or otherwise) (hereinafter referred to as a Covered Person) against all liabilities and expenses, including but not limited to amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines and penalties, and counsel fees reasonably incurred by any Covered Person in connection with the defense or disposition of any action, suit or other proceedings, whether civil or criminal, before any court or administrative or legislative body, in which such Covered Person may be or may have been involved as a party or otherwise or with which such person may be or may have been threatened, while in office or thereafter, by reason of any alleged act or omission as a Trustee or officer or by reason of his being or having been such a Trustee or officer, except with respect to any matter as to which such Covered Person shall have been finally adjudicated in any such action, suit or other proceeding not to have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that such Covered Persons action was in or not opposed to the best interest of the Trust and except that no Covered Person shall be indemnified against any liability to the Trust or its Shareholders to which such Covered Person would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such Covered Persons office. Expenses, including counsel fees so incurred by any such Covered Person (but excluding amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines or penalties), shall be paid by the Trust in advance of the final disposition of any such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such Covered Person to repay amounts so paid to the Trust if it is ultimately determined that indemnification of such expenses is not authorized under this Article, provided, however, that (a) such Covered Person shall provide security for his or her undertaking, (b) the Trust shall be insured against losses arising by reason of such Covered Persons failure to fulfill his or her undertaking, or (c) either a majority of the Trustees who are disinterested persons and who are not Interested Persons of the Trust (provided that a majority of such Trustees then in office act on the matter), or independent legal counsel in a written opinion, shall determine, based on a review of readily available facts (but not a full trial-type inquiry), that there is reason to believe such Covered Person ultimately will be entitled to indemnification.
4.2 Compromise Payment. As to any matter disposed of (whether by a compromise payment, pursuant to a consent decree or otherwise) without an adjudication in a decision on the merits by a court, or by any other body before which the proceeding was brought, that such Covered Person either (a) did not act in good faith in the reasonable belief that such Covered Persons action was in or not opposed to the best interests of the Trust or (b) is liable to the Trust or its Shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such Covered Persons office, indemnification shall be provided if (x) approved as in or not opposed to the best interests of the Trust, after notice that it involves such indemnification, by at least a majority of the Trustees who are disinterested persons and are not Interested Persons of the Trust (provided that a majority of such Trustees then in office act on the matter), upon a determination, based upon a review of readily available facts (but not a full trial-type inquiry) that such Covered Person is not liable to the Trust or its Shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such Covered Persons office, or (y) there has been obtained an opinion in writing of independent legal counsel, based upon a review of readily available facts (but not a full trial-type inquiry), to the effect that such indemnification would not protect such Covered Person against any liability to the Trust or its Shareholders to which such Covered Person would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office. Any approval pursuant to this Section 4.2 shall not prevent the recovery from any Covered Person of any amount paid to such Covered Person in accordance with this Section 4.2 as indemnification if such Covered Person is subsequently adjudicated by a court of competent
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jurisdiction not to have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that such Covered Persons action was in or not opposed to the best interests of the Trust or to have been liable to the Trust or its Shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such Covered Persons office.
4.3 Rebuttable Presumption. For purposes of the determination or opinion referred to in clause (c) of Section 4.1 or clauses (x) or (y) of Section 4.2, the disinterested Trustees acting on the matter or independent legal counsel, as the case may be, shall be entitled to rely upon a rebuttable presumption that the Covered Person has not engaged in willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such Covered Persons office.
4.4 Indemnification Not Exclusive. The right of indemnification hereby provided shall not be exclusive of or affect any other rights to which any such Covered Person may be entitled, whether by contract or otherwise. As used in this Article 4, the term Covered Person shall include such persons heirs, executors and administrators; a disinterested Trustee or disinterested person is a Trustee or a person against whom none of such actions, suits or other proceedings or another action, suit or other proceeding on the same or similar grounds is then or has been pending; and the term Interested Person shall have the meaning set forth in the Investment Company Act. Nothing contained in this Article 4 shall affect the power of the Trust to purchase and maintain liability insurance on behalf of any such person.
4.5 Amendment. Notwithstanding any other provision of these By-Laws relating to their amendment generally, any repeal or modification of this Article 4 shall not adversely affect any right or protection of a Trustee or officer of the Trust with respect to any acts or omission of such Trustee or officer occurring prior to such repeal or modification except as may be required by law.
ARTICLE 5
Reports
5.1 General. The Trustees and officers shall render reports at the time and in the manner required by the Declaration of Trust or any applicable law. Officers shall render such additional reports as they may deem desirable or as may from time to time be required by the Trustees.
ARTICLE 6
Fiscal Year
6.1 General. Except as from time to time otherwise provided by the Trustees, the initial fiscal year of the Trust shall end on such date as is determined in advance or in arrears.
ARTICLE 7
Seal
7.1 General. The seal of the Trust shall consist of a flat-faced die with the word Massachusetts, together with the name of the Trust and the year of its organization cut or engraved thereon, but, unless otherwise required by the Trustees, the seal shall not be necessary to be placed on, and its absence shall not impair the validity of, any document, instrument or other paper executed and delivered by or on behalf of the Trust.
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ARTICLE 8
Execution of Papers
8.1 General. Except as the Trustees may generally or in particular cases authorize the execution thereof in some other manner, all checks, notes, drafts and other obligations and all registration statements and amendments thereto and all applications and amendments thereto to the Securities and Exchange Commission shall be signed by one or more of the President, any Vice President or the Treasurer or any of such other officers or agents as shall be designated for that purpose by a vote of the Trustees.
ARTICLE 9
Provisions Relating to the
Conduct of the Trusts Business
9.1 Determination of Net Asset Value. The net asset value per share of each class and each series of shares of the Trust shall be determined in accordance with the Investment Company Act and the rules thereunder and any related procedures adopted by the Trustees from time to time. Determinations made under and pursuant to this Section 9.1 in good faith and in accordance with the provisions of the Investment Company Act and the rules thereunder shall be binding on all parties concerned.
ARTICLE 10
Amendment to the By-Laws
10.1 General. Subject to the provisions of Section 4.5, these By-Laws may be amended or repealed, in whole or in part, by a majority of the Trustees then in office.
ARTICLE 11
Meetings of Shareholders
11.1 Presence through Communications Equipment. Except as required by law, the Shareholders of the Trust may participate in a meeting of Shareholders by means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other at the same time and participation by such means shall constitute presence in person at a meeting. Participation by such means shall be pursuant to reasonable procedures approved by the officers of the Trust in connection with such meeting.
11.2 Proxy Instructions Transmitted by Telephonic or Electronic Means. The placing of a Shareholders name on a proxy pursuant to telephonic or electronically transmitted instructions obtained pursuant to procedures reasonably designed to verify that such instructions have been authorized by such Shareholder shall constitute execution of such proxy by or on behalf of such Shareholder.
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ARTICLE 12
Choice of Law
12.1 Choice of Law. The laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts shall govern the validity, interpretation, construction and effect of these By-Laws and the operations of the Trust, including, absent a provision to the contrary therein, any contract between the Trust and any party relating to the provision of investment advisory, administrative or distribution services to the Trust.
ARTICLE 13
Forum
13.1 Forum for Adjudication of Disputes. Absent the consent in writing of all parties, the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any action or proceeding brought by or on behalf of the Trust or any Series or Shareholders against the Trust or any Series, the Trusts investment adviser, or the Trustees, Officers or employees of the Trust, (ii) any action arising under or to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of the Declaration of Trust or these By-laws or any investment advisory agreement, or (iii) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine shall be brought in either the federal courts sitting within the City of Boston in The Commonwealth of Massachusetts or the Business Litigation Session of the Massachusetts Superior Court in Suffolk County (each, a Covered Action). Any person purchasing or otherwise acquiring or holding any interest in shares of the Trust shall be (i) deemed to have notice of and consented to the provisions of this Section 13.1, and (ii) deemed to have waived any argument relating to the inconvenience of the forums referenced above in connection with any action or proceeding described in this Section 13.1.
ARTICLE 14
Claims
14.1 Claims. As used in these By-Laws, a direct shareholder claim shall refer to (i) a claim based upon alleged violations of a Shareholders individual rights distinct from any harm to the Trust or a Series or other individual Shareholders, including a particular Shareholders voting rights, rights to a dividend payment, rights to inspect books and records, or other similar rights personal to the Shareholder and distinct from any harm to the Trust or a Series or other individual shareholders; and (ii) a claim for which a direct shareholder action is expressly provided under the U.S. federal securities laws. Any other claim asserted by a Shareholder, including without limitation any claims purporting to be brought on behalf of the Trust or a Series or other individual Shareholders involving any alleged harm to the Trust or a Series or to other individual Shareholders, shall be considered a derivative claim as used in these By-Laws.
No Shareholder shall have the right to bring or maintain any court action or other proceeding (including but not limited to any putative class action) asserting a derivative claim without first making written demand on the Trustees requesting the Trustees to bring or maintain such action, proceeding or claim. Such demand shall not be excused under any circumstances, including claims of alleged interest on the part of the Trustees, unless the Shareholder makes a specific showing that irreparable nonmonetary injury to the Trust or a Series would otherwise result. Such demand shall be mailed to the Clerk of the Trust at
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the Trusts principal office and shall set forth with particularity the nature of the proposed court action, proceeding or claim and the essential facts relied upon by the Shareholder to support the allegations made in the demand. The Trustees shall consider such demand within 90 days of its receipt by the Trust. In their sole discretion, the Trustees, including a majority of Trustees who are not interested persons of the Trust within the meaning set forth in the Investment Company Act (Interested Persons), may submit the matter to a vote of Shareholders of the Trust or the Series. Any decision by the Trustees, including a majority of Trustees who are not Interested Persons of the Trust (or, if applicable, any vote by Shareholders), to bring, maintain or settle (or not to bring, maintain or settle) such court action, proceeding or claim, or to submit the matter to a vote of Shareholders, shall be binding upon the Shareholders.
ARTICLE 15
Severability
15.1 Severability. If any provision or provisions of these By-Laws shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable as applied to any person or circumstance for any reason whatsoever, then, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the validity, legality and enforceability of such provision(s) in any other circumstance and of the remaining portions of such provision and all other provisions hereof shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.
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Exhibit (d)(29)
AMENDED AND RESTATED MANAGEMENT CONTRACT
Amended and Restated Management Contract executed as of December 1, 2015 between GMO TRUST, a Massachusetts business trust (the Trust) on behalf of its GMO SGM Major Markets Fund (the Fund), and GRANTHAM, MAYO, VAN OTTERLOO & CO. LLC, a Massachusetts limited liability company (the Manager).
W I T N E S S E T H:
That in consideration of the mutual covenants herein contained, it is agreed as follows:
1. | SERVICES TO BE RENDERED BY MANAGER TO THE TRUST. |
(a) Subject always to the control of the Trustees of the Trust and to such policies as the Trustees may determine, the Manager will, at its expense, (i) furnish continuously an investment program for the Fund and will make investment decisions on behalf of the Fund and place all orders for the purchase and sale of its portfolio securities and (ii) furnish office space and equipment, provide bookkeeping and clerical services (excluding determination of net asset value, shareholder accounting services and the fund accounting services for the Fund being supplied by State Street Bank and Trust Company or such other administrator as the Fund may engage from time to time) and pay all salaries, fees and expenses of officers and Trustees of the Trust who are affiliated with the Manager. In the performance of its duties, the Manager will comply with the provisions of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust and By-laws of the Trust and the Funds stated investment objective, policies and restrictions.
(b) In placing orders for the portfolio transactions of the Fund, the Manager will seek the best price and execution available, except to the extent it may be permitted to pay higher brokerage commissions for brokerage and research services as described below. In using its best efforts to obtain for the Fund the most favorable price and execution available, the Manager shall consider all factors it deems relevant, including, without limitation, the overall net economic result to the Fund (involving price paid or received and any commissions and other costs paid), the efficiency with which the transaction is effected, the ability to effect the transaction at all where a large block is involved, availability of the broker to stand ready to execute possibly difficult transactions in the future and financial strength and stability of the broker. Subject to such policies as the Trustees may determine, the Manager shall not be deemed to have acted unlawfully or to have breached any duty created by this Contract or otherwise solely by reason of its having caused a Fund to pay a broker or dealer that provides brokerage and research services to the Manager an amount of commission for effecting a portfolio investment transaction in excess of the amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction, if the Manager determines in good faith that such amount of commission was reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by such broker or dealer, viewed in terms of either that particular transaction or the Managers overall responsibilities with respect to the Trust and to other clients of the Manager as to which the Manager exercises investment discretion.
(c) The Manager shall not be obligated under this agreement to pay any expenses of or for the Trust or of or for the Fund not expressly assumed by the Manager pursuant to this Section 1 other than as provided in Section 3.
2. | OTHER AGREEMENTS, ETC. |
It is understood that any of the shareholders, Trustees, officers and employees of the Trust may be a partner, shareholder, director, officer or employee of, or be otherwise interested in, the Manager, and in any person controlled by or under common control with the Manager, and that the Manager and any person controlled by or under common control with the Manager may have an interest in the Trust. It is also understood that the Manager and persons controlled by or under common control with the Manager have and may have advisory, management service, distribution or other contracts with other organizations and persons, and may have other interests and businesses.
3. | COMPENSATION TO BE PAID BY THE TRUST TO THE MANAGER. |
The Fund will pay to the Manager as compensation for the Managers services rendered, for the facilities furnished and for the expenses borne by the Manager pursuant to Section 1, a fee, computed and paid monthly at the annual rate of 0.85% of the Funds average daily net asset value. Such average daily net asset value of the Fund shall be determined by taking an average of all of the determinations of such net asset value during such month at the close of business on each business day during such month while this Contract is in effect. Such fee shall be payable for each month within five (5) business days after the end of such month.
In the event that expenses of the Fund for any fiscal year should exceed the expense limitation on investment company expenses imposed by any statute or regulatory authority of any jurisdiction in which shares of the Trust are qualified for offer and sale, the compensation due the Manager for such fiscal year shall be reduced by the amount of such excess by a reduction or refund thereof. In the event that the expenses of the Fund exceed any expense limitation which the Manager may, by written notice to the Trust, voluntarily declare to be effective with respect to the Fund, subject to such terms and conditions as the Manager may prescribe in such notice, the compensation due the Manager shall be reduced, and, if necessary, the Manager shall bear the Funds expenses to the extent required by such expense limitation.
If the Manager shall serve for less than the whole of a month, the foregoing compensation shall be prorated.
4. | ASSIGNMENT TERMINATES THIS CONTRACT; AMENDMENTS OF THIS CONTRACT. |
This Contract shall automatically terminate, without the payment of any penalty, in the event of its assignment; and this Contract shall not be amended unless such amendment is approved at a meeting by the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund, and by the vote, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval, of a majority of the Trustees of the Trust who are not interested persons of the Trust or of the Manager.
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5. | EFFECTIVE PERIOD AND TERMINATION OF THIS CONTRACT. |
This Contract shall become effective upon its execution, and shall remain in full force and effect continuously thereafter (unless terminated automatically as set forth in Section 4) until terminated as follows:
(a) Either party hereto may at any time terminate this Contract by not more than sixty days written notice delivered or mailed by registered mail, postage prepaid, to the other party, or
(b) If (i) the Trustees of the Trust or the shareholders by the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund, and (ii) a majority of the Trustees of the Trust who are not interested persons of the Trust or of the Manager, by vote cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval, do not specifically approve at least annually the continuance of this Contract, then this Contract shall automatically terminate at the close of business on the first anniversary of its execution, or upon the expiration of one year from the effective date of the last such continuance, whichever is later; provided, however, that if the continuance of this Contract is submitted to the shareholders of the Fund for their approval and such shareholders fail to approve such continuance of this Contract as provided herein, the Manager may continue to serve hereunder in a manner consistent with the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the rules and regulations thereunder.
Action by the Trust under (a) above may be taken either (i) by vote of a majority of its Trustees, or (ii) by the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund.
Termination of this Contract pursuant to this Section 5 shall be without the payment of any penalty.
6. | CERTAIN DEFINITIONS. |
For the purposes of this Contract, the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund means the affirmative vote, at a duly called and held meeting of shareholders, (a) of the holders of 67% or more of the shares of the Fund present (in person or by proxy) and entitled to vote at such meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund entitled to vote at such meeting are present in person or by proxy, or (b) of the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund entitled to vote at such meeting, whichever is less.
For the purposes of this Contract, the terms affiliated person, control, interested person and assignment shall have their respective meanings defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the rules and regulations thereunder, subject, however, to such exemptions as may be granted by the Securities and Exchange Commission under said Act; and the phrase specifically approve at least annually shall be construed in a manner consistent with the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the rules and regulations thereunder.
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7. | NONLIABILITY OF MANAGER. |
In the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the part of the Manager, or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties hereunder, the Manager shall not be subject to any liability to the Trust, or to any shareholder of the Trust, for any act or omission in the course of, or connected with, rendering services hereunder.
8. | INITIALS GMO. |
The Manager owns the initials GMO which may be used by the Trust only with the consent of the Manager. The Manager consents to the use by the Trust of the name GMO Trust or any other name embodying the initials GMO, in such forms as the Manager shall in writing approve, but only on condition and so long as (i) this Contract shall remain in full force and (ii) the Trust shall fully perform, fulfill and comply with all provisions of this Contract expressed herein to be performed, fulfilled or complied with by it. No such name shall be used by the Trust at any time or in any place or for any purposes or under any conditions except as in this section provided. The foregoing authorization by the Manager to the Trust to use said initials as part of a business or name is not exclusive of the right of the Manager itself to use, or to authorize others to use, the same; the Trust acknowledges and agrees that as between the Manager and the Trust, the Manager has the exclusive right so to authorize others to use the same; the Trust acknowledges and agrees that as between the Manager and the Trust, the Manager has the exclusive right so to use, or authorize others to use, said initials and the Trust agrees to take such action as may reasonably be requested by the Manager to give full effect to the provisions of this section (including, without limitation, consenting to such use of said initials). Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Trust agrees that, upon any termination of this Contract by either party or upon the violation of any of its provisions by the Trust, the Trust will, at the request of the Manager made within six months after the Manager has knowledge of such termination or violation, use its best efforts to change the name of the Trust so as to eliminate all reference, if any, to the initials GMO and will not thereafter transact any business in a name containing the initials GMO in any form or combination whatsoever, or designate itself as the same entity as or successor to an entity of such name, or otherwise use the initials GMO or any other reference to the Manager. Such covenants on the part of the Trust shall be binding upon it, its trustees, officers, stockholders, creditors and all other persons claiming under or through it.
9. | LIMITATION OF LIABILITY OF THE TRUSTEES AND SHAREHOLDERS. |
A copy of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Trust is on file with the Secretary of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and notice is hereby given that this instrument is executed on behalf of the Trustees of the Trust as Trustees and not individually and that the obligations of this instrument are not binding upon any of the Trustees or shareholders individually but are binding only upon the assets and property of the Fund.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, GMO TRUST and GRANTHAM, MAYO, VAN OTTERLOO & CO. LLC have each caused this instrument to be signed in duplicate on its behalf by its duly authorized representative, all as of the day and year first above written.
GMO TRUST
|
By |
/s/ Douglas Y. Charton |
Name: Douglas Y. Charton Title: Clerk | ||
GRANTHAM, MAYO, VAN OTTERLOO & CO. LLC |
By | /s/ J.B. Kittredge |
Name: J.B. Kittredge | ||
Title: General Counsel |
This Agreement is executed on behalf of Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (GMO) by a duly authorized officer or other agent solely in his or her capacity as an authorized signatory, pursuant to delegated authority from GMO, and not individually. The obligations of or arising out of this Agreement are not binding upon any officer or other agent, partner, member or director of GMO individually, but are binding upon GMO and its assets. GMOs certificate of incorporation is on file with the Secretary of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
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Exhibit (d)(33)(i)
MANAGEMENT CONTRACT
Management Contract executed as of November 24, 2015 among GMO Benchmark-Free SPC Ltd., a company incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act 1981 of Bermuda on the 10th day of March 2015 as an exempted company (the Company) and a wholly owned subsidiary of GMO Benchmark-Free Fund (the Fund), a series of GMO Trust, a Massachusetts business trust (the Trust), and GRANTHAM, MAYO, VAN OTTERLOO & CO. LLC, a Massachusetts limited liability company (the Manager).
W I T N E S S E T H:
That in consideration of the mutual covenants herein contained, it is agreed as follows:
1. | SERVICES TO BE RENDERED BY MANAGER TO THE COMPANY. |
(a) Subject always to the control of the Company, and to such policies as the Company may determine, the Manager will, at its expense, furnish continuously an investment program for the Company and will make investment decisions on behalf of the Company and place all orders for the purchase and sale of its portfolio securities. In the performance of its duties, the Manager will comply with the provisions of the Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and the Manager, dated as of May 20, 2011 (the Fund Management Contract), the Bye-Laws of the Company, and the stated investment objective, policies and restrictions of the Fund.
(b) In placing orders for the portfolio transactions of the Company, the Manager will seek the best price and execution available, except to the extent it may be permitted to pay higher brokerage commissions for brokerage and research services as described below. In using its best efforts to obtain for the Company the most favorable price and execution available, the Manager shall consider all factors it deems relevant, including, without limitation, the overall net economic result to the Company (involving price paid or received and any commissions and other costs paid), the efficiency with which the transaction is effected, the ability to effect the transaction at all where a large block is involved, availability of the broker to stand ready to execute possibly difficult transactions in the future and financial strength and stability of the broker. Subject to such policies as the Company may determine, the Manager shall not be deemed to have acted unlawfully or to have breached any duty created by this Contract or otherwise solely by reason of its having caused the Company to pay a broker or dealer that provides brokerage and research services to the Manager an amount of commission for effecting a portfolio investment transaction in excess of the amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction, if the Manager determines in good faith that such amount of commission was reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by such broker or dealer, viewed in terms of either that particular transaction or the Managers overall responsibilities with respect to the Company and to other clients of the Manager, including the Trust, as to which the Manager exercises investment discretion.
(c) The Manager shall not be obligated under this agreement to pay any expenses of or for the Company not expressly assumed by the Manager pursuant to this Section 1 other than as provided in Section 3.
2. | OTHER AGREEMENTS, ETC. |
It is understood that any of the shareholders, officers and directors of the Company may be a member, partner, shareholder, director, officer or employee of, or be otherwise interested in, the Manager, and in any person controlled by or under common control with the Manager, and that the Manager and any person controlled by or under common control with the Manager may have an interest in the Company. It is also understood that the Manager and persons controlled by or under common control with the Manager have and may have advisory, management service, distribution or other contracts with other organizations and persons, and may have other interests and businesses.
3. | COMPENSATION TO BE PAID BY THE COMPANY TO THE MANAGER. |
The Company will pay no direct fee to the Manager as compensation for the Managers services rendered hereunder. Since the Fund is the sole shareholder of the Company, the Manager will be indirectly compensated for its services rendered hereunder pursuant to the terms of the Fund Management Contract.
4. | ASSIGNMENT TERMINATES THIS CONTRACT; AMENDMENTS OF THIS CONTRACT. |
This Contract shall automatically terminate, without the payment of any penalty, in the event of its assignment; and this Contract shall not be amended unless such amendment is approved by both parties hereto and the sole shareholder of the Company.
5. | EFFECTIVE PERIOD AND TERMINATION OF THIS CONTRACT. |
This Contract shall become effective upon its execution, and shall remain in full force and effect continuously thereafter (unless terminated automatically as set forth in Section 4) until:
(a) Either party hereto may at any time terminate this Contract by not more than sixty days written notice delivered or mailed by registered mail, postage prepaid, to the other party, or
(b) The Fund Management Contract is terminated or otherwise ceases to remain in effect.
Termination of this Contract pursuant to this Section 5 shall be without the payment of any penalty.
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6. | CERTAIN DEFINITIONS. |
For the purposes of this Contract, the terms control and assignment shall have their respective meanings defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the rules and regulations thereunder, subject, however, to such exemptions as may be granted by the Securities and Exchange Commission under said Act.
7. | NONLIABILITY OF MANAGER. |
In the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the part of the Manager, or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties hereunder, the Manager shall not be subject to any liability to the Company, or to any shareholder of the Company, including the Fund, for any act or omission in the course of, or connected with, rendering services hereunder.
8. | INITIALS GMO. |
The Manager owns the initials GMO which may be used by the Company only with the consent of the Manager. The Manager consents to the use by the Company of the name GMO as part of the Companys name, but only on condition and so long as (i) this Contract shall remain in full force and (ii) the Company shall fully perform, fulfill and comply with all provisions of this Contract expressed herein to be performed, fulfilled or complied with by it. No such name shall be used by the Company at any time or in any place or for any purposes or under any conditions except as in this section provided. The foregoing authorization by the Manager to the Company to use said initials as part of a business or name is not exclusive of the right of the Manager itself to use, or to authorize others to use, the same; the Company acknowledges and agrees that as between the Manager and the Company, the Manager has the exclusive right so to authorize others to use the same; the Company acknowledges and agrees that as between the Manager and the Company, the Manager has the exclusive right so to use, or authorize others to use, said initials and the Company agrees to take such action as may reasonably be requested by the Manager to give full effect to the provisions of this section (including, without limitation, consenting to such use of said initials). Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company agrees that, upon any termination of this Contract by either party or upon the violation of any of its provisions by the Company, the Company will, at the request of the Manager made within six months after the Manager has knowledge of such termination or violation, use its best efforts to change the name of the Company so as to eliminate all reference, if any, to the initials GMO and will not thereafter transact any business in a name containing the initials GMO in any form or combination whatsoever, or designate itself as the same entity as or successor to an entity of such name, or otherwise use the initials GMO or any other reference to the Manager. Such covenants on the part of the Company shall be binding upon it, its directors, officers, shareholders, creditors and all other persons claiming under or through it.
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9. | MISCELLANEOUS. |
(a) It is understood that the Manager is an independent contractor and not an employee or agent of the Company. Except as provided in this Contract, the Manager shall not have authority to bind, obligate or represent the Company.
(b) This Contract shall be executed outside of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
(c) Pursuant to an exemption from the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the CFTC) in connection with accounts of qualified eligible persons, this brochure or account document is not required to be, and has not been, filed with the CFTC. The CFTC does not pass upon the merits of participation in a trading program or upon the adequacy or accuracy of commodity trading advisor disclosure. Consequently, the CFTC has not reviewed or approved this trading program or this brochure or account document.
10. | LIMITATION OF LIABILITY OF SHAREHOLDERS, DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS. |
The Manager agrees that in satisfaction of any liability, debt, judgment, or other obligation owing from the Company under this Contract, it shall have recourse to the assets of the Company only and not to any shareholder, director or officer of the Company individually.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, GMO BENCHMARK-FREE SPC LTD. and GRANTHAM, MAYO, VAN OTTERLOO & CO. LLC have each caused this instrument to be signed in duplicate on its behalf by its duly authorized representative, all as of the day and year first above written.
GMO BENCHMARK-FREE SPC LTD. | ||
By | /s/ Gregory L. Pottle | |
Title: Director |
GRANTHAM, MAYO, VAN OTTERLOO & CO. LLC | ||
By | /s/ J.B. Kittredge | |
Title: General Counsel |
Reviewed by: /s/ DYC
Execution of this Agreement by Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (GMO), whether as a party itself, a managing member of a party or the managing member of the general partner of a party, is by a duly authorized officer solely in his capacity as an authorized signatory, pursuant to delegated authority from GMO, and not individually. The obligations of or arising out of this Agreement are binding solely on the named parties to this Agreement and are not binding upon any officer or other agent, partner, member or director of GMO individually. A Certificate of Organization of GMO is on file with the Secretary of State of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
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Exhibit (e)(1)(i)
SCHEDULE A
Distribution Agreement
GMO TRUST
40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, MA 02110
# of |
Series |
Class | ||
1 |
U.S. Equity Allocation Fund | III, IV, V, VI | ||
2 |
Quality Fund | III, IV, V, VI | ||
3 |
International Equity Fund | II, III, IV | ||
4 |
International Large/Mid Cap Equity Fund | III, IV, VI | ||
5 |
Developed World Stock Fund | III, IV | ||
6 |
Foreign Fund | II, III, IV | ||
7 |
Foreign Small Companies Fund | III, IV | ||
8 |
International Small Companies Fund | III | ||
9 |
Emerging Markets Fund | II, III, IV, V, VI | ||
10 |
Emerging Countries Fund | III | ||
11 |
Core Plus Bond Fund | III, IV | ||
12 |
Currency Hedged International Bond Fund | III | ||
13 |
Global Bond Fund | III | ||
14 |
Emerging Country Debt Fund | III, IV | ||
15 |
International Equity Allocation Fund | III | ||
16 |
International Developed Equity Allocation Fund | III | ||
17 |
Global Equity Allocation Fund | III | ||
18 |
Global Developed Equity Allocation Fund | III | ||
19 |
Global Asset Allocation Fund | III | ||
20 |
Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund | III | ||
21 |
Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund | III, IV, V, VI, MF | ||
22 |
Alpha Only Fund | III, IV | ||
23 |
Tax-Managed International Equities Fund | III | ||
24 |
U.S. Treasury Fund | N/A | ||
25 |
Asset Allocation Bond Fund | III, VI | ||
26 |
Debt Opportunities Fund | III, VI | ||
27 |
Taiwan Fund | III, VI | ||
28 |
Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund | II, III, IV, V, VI | ||
29 |
Global Focused Equity Fund | III, IV, V, VI | ||
30 |
Resources Fund | III, IV, V, VI | ||
31 |
Risk Premium Fund | III, IV, V, VI | ||
32 |
Special Opportunities Fund | III, IV, V, VI, VII | ||
33 |
Benchmark-Free Bond Fund | III, IV, V, VI | ||
34 |
Benchmark-Free Fund | III | ||
35 |
Implementation Fund | N/A | ||
36 |
SGM Major Markets Fund | III, IV, V, VI |
Exhibit (e)(2)(i)
SCHEDULE A
Placement Agency Agreement
GMO TRUST
40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, MA 02110
# of |
Series |
Class | ||
1 | GMO GAAR Implementation Fund | |||
2 | GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund | III, VI | ||
3 | GMO World Opportunity Overlay Fund |
Exhibit (h)(2)(i)
GRANTHAM, MAYO, VAN OTTERLOO & CO. LLC
Notification of Undertaking to Reimburse
Selected Fund Expenses and Waive Selected Fees
NOTIFICATION made as of December 1, 2015 by GRANTHAM, MAYO, VAN OTTERLOO & CO. LLC, a Massachusetts limited liability company (the Advisor), to GMO TRUST, a Massachusetts business trust (the Trust), with respect to GMO SGM Major Markets Fund (formerly GMO Systematic Global Macro Opportunity Fund) (the Fund), a series of the Trust.
WHEREAS, the Advisor has historically paid for some of the operating expenses of the Fund; and
WHEREAS, the Advisor has historically waived some or all of the management and shareholder service fees charged by the Fund, to the extent that the Fund invests in other series of the Trust (collectively, the GMO Funds), in order to prevent the double payment of such fees; and
WHEREAS, the Advisor wishes to simplify those expense reimbursement undertakings and combine them into one document.
NOW, THEREFORE, the Advisor hereby notifies the Trust that, provided that the fee rate set forth in (i) the Amended and Restated Management Contract between the Fund and the Advisor and (ii) the Amended and Restated Servicing and Supplemental Support Agreement between the Trust and the Advisor remain unchanged, the Advisor shall, as set forth below, pay a portion of the expenses of the Fund through December 1, 2016 (and any subsequent periods as may be designated by the Advisor by notice to the Trust).
Operating Expense Reimbursement
The Advisor will reimburse the Fund for its Specified Operating Expenses (as defined below).
Specified Operating Expenses
As used in this Notification, Specified Operating Expenses means: audit expenses, fund accounting expenses, pricing service expenses, expenses of non-investment related tax services, transfer agency expenses, expenses of non-investment related legal services provided to the Fund by or at the direction of the Advisor, federal securities law filing expenses, printing expenses, state and federal registration fees and custody expenses.
Management Fee Waiver
The Advisor will waive or reduce the Funds management fee, but not below zero, to the extent necessary to offset the management fees paid to the Advisor that are directly or indirectly borne by the Fund as a result of the Funds direct or indirect investments in other GMO Funds.
Shareholder Service Fee Waiver
The Advisor will waive or reduce the shareholder service fee charged to holders of each class of shares of the Fund, but not below zero, to the extent necessary to offset the shareholder service fees directly or indirectly borne by the class of shares of the Fund as a result of the Funds direct or indirect investments in other GMO Funds.
Miscellaneous
In providing this Notification, the Advisor understands and acknowledges that the Trust intends to rely on this Notification, including in connection with the preparation and printing of the Trusts prospectuses and its daily calculation of the net asset value of each class of shares of the Fund.
Please be advised that all previous notifications by the Advisor with respect to fee waivers and/or expense limitations regarding the Fund shall hereafter be null and void and of no further force and effect.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Advisor has executed this Notification on the day and year first above written.
GRANTHAM, MAYO, VAN OTTERLOO & CO. LLC | ||
By: | /s/ J.B. Kittredge | |
Name: J.B. Kittredge | ||
Title: General Counsel |
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Exhibit (h)(3)
AMENDED AND RESTATED SERVICING AND
SUPPLEMENTAL SUPPORT AGREEMENT
This Amended and Restated Servicing and Supplemental Support Agreement (the Agreement), effective December 1, 2015, between GMO TRUST, a Massachusetts business trust (the Trust), on behalf of each of its Class II, Class III, Class IV, Class V, Class VI, and Class VII (each a Standard Class and, collectively, the Standard Classes) and Mutual Fund Class (the MF Class and together with the Standard Classes, collectively the Classes) Shares (the Shares), of each Fund listed on Exhibit I hereto (collectively, the Funds), and GRANTHAM, MAYO, VAN OTTERLOO & CO. LLC, a Massachusetts limited liability company (GMO or the Service Provider), hereby amends and restates the Servicing Agreement, executed as of May 30, 1996, between the Trust and the Service Provider.
W I T N E S S E T H:
That in consideration of the mutual covenants herein contained, it is agreed as follows:
1. | SERVICES TO BE RENDERED BY SERVICE PROVIDER TO THE TRUST. |
(a) GMO, in its capacity as shareholder servicer (Shareholder Servicer) to each Standard Class of Shares of each Fund set forth on Exhibit II hereto, will, at its expense, provide direct client service, maintenance and reporting to shareholders of such Funds or their consultants/agents, such services and reporting to include, without limitation, professional and informative reporting, client account information, personal and electronic access to Fund information, access to analysis and explanations of Fund reports, and assistance in the correction and maintenance of client-related information.
(b) GMO, in its capacity as supplemental support provider to shareholders of the MF Class of Shares of each Fund and their investment advisers (Support Provider), will, at its expense, provide supplemental support (Supplemental Support) to shareholders of the MF Class of each Fund set forth on Exhibit III hereto and their investment advisers (rather than the personal services or services in connection with the maintenance of shareholder accounts described in Section 1(a) above). MF Class Shares will be offered solely to retail mutual funds (each, an External Fund). Supplemental Support in the case of GMO Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund (BFAF) shall include, without limitation, any or all of the following: (1) provision and presentation of educational and explanatory information about BFAF and its asset allocation strategy as requested or directed by the External Fund or its investment adviser, (2) provision and presentation of similar educational and explanatory information about the strategies of the underlying Funds in which BFAF invests, (3) provision and presentation of information for inclusion in the quarterly or other periodic reports of the External Fund, (4) provision of responses to information requests relating to oversight functions of the External Funds board of directors in areas including pricing, compliance and taxation, (5) access to and meetings with GMOs Chief Investment Strategist and Head of GMOs Asset Allocation Division and other investment professionals of GMO, (6) assistance with services provided by the investment adviser of an External Fund, and (7) such other assistance as may be
requested from time to time by an External Fund or its agents. For avoidance of doubt, Supplemental Support shall not include any investment advisory or other services rendered by GMO to BFAF pursuant to any Management Contract with BFAF.
(c) The Service Provider shall not be obligated under this Agreement to pay any expenses of or for the Trust or of or for the Fund not expressly assumed by the Service Provider pursuant to this Section 1.
2. | OTHER AGREEMENTS, ETC. |
It is understood that any of the shareholders, Trustees, officers and employees of the Trust may be a partner, shareholder, director, officer or employee of, or be otherwise interested in, the Service Provider, and in any person controlled by or under common control with the Service Provider, and that the Service Provider and any person controlled by or under common control with the Service Provider may have an interest in the Trust. It is also understood that the Service Provider and persons controlled by or under common control with the Service Provider may have advisory, servicing, distribution or other contracts with other organizations and persons, and may have other interests and businesses.
3. | COMPENSATION TO BE PAID BY THE TRUST TO THE SERVICE PROVIDER. |
Each Standard Class of Shares of each Fund will pay to GMO, in its capacity as Shareholder Servicer, as compensation for services rendered and expenses borne by the Shareholder Servicer with respect to such Standard Class of Shares of such Fund pursuant to Section 1(a), a fee (the Service Fee), computed and accrued daily, and paid monthly or at such other intervals as the Trustees shall determine, at the annual rate of such Class average daily net asset value set forth on the Service Fee Schedule attached as Exhibit II hereto.
Each MF Class of Shares of each Fund will pay to GMO, in its capacity as Support Provider, as compensation for services rendered and expenses borne by the Support Provider with respect to such MF Class of Shares of such Fund pursuant to Section 1(b), a fee (the Support Fee), computed and accrued daily, and paid monthly or at such other intervals as the Trustees shall determine, at the annual rate of such Class average daily net asset value set forth on the Support Fee Schedule attached as Exhibit III hereto.
Service Fees and Support Fees shall be payable for each month (or other interval) within five (5) business days after the end of such month (or other interval). GMO, as reflected in Exhibits II or III or otherwise by notice to the Trust, may determine to temporarily or permanently reduce or waive part or all of the compensation it is entitled to receive pursuant to this Agreement with respect to one or more Funds or Classes.
If GMO shall serve for less than the whole of a month (or other interval), the foregoing compensation shall be prorated.
The Service Fee set forth on the Service Fee Schedule attached as Exhibit II hereto (after giving effect to any reductions noted in the Service Fee Schedule) for each Standard Class of BFAF will be reduced or waived by an amount equal to the Service Fees that are paid to the Shareholder
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Servicer pursuant to this Agreement and indirectly borne by such Class as a result of the Funds investment in other Funds (after giving effect to any waivers or reductions of such fees by the Shareholder Servicer with respect to those other Funds).
In addition, the Support Fee set forth on the Support Fee Schedule attached as Exhibit III hereto (after giving effect to any reductions noted in the Support Fee Schedule) for each MF Class will be reduced or waived by an amount equal to the Service Fees that are paid to the Shareholder Servicer pursuant to this Agreement and indirectly borne by such Class as a result of the Funds investment in other Funds (after giving effect to any waivers or reductions of such fees by the Shareholder Servicer with respect to those other Funds).
4. | ASSIGNMENT TERMINATES THIS AGREEMENT; AMENDMENTS OF THIS AGREEMENT. |
This Agreement shall automatically terminate, without the payment of any penalty, in the event of its assignment; provided, however, in the event of consolidation or merger in which the Service Provider is not the surviving corporation or which results in the acquisition of substantially all the Service Providers outstanding stock or other interests by a single person or entity or by a group of persons and/or entities acting in concert, or in the event of the sale or transfer of substantially all the Service Providers assets, the Service Provider may assign any such agreement to such surviving entity, acquiring entity, assignee or purchaser, as the case may be. This Agreement shall not be amended unless such amendment is approved by votes of a majority of both (a) the Trustees of the Trust, and (b) the Independent Trustees.
5. | EFFECTIVE PERIOD AND TERMINATION OF THIS AGREEMENT. |
This Agreement shall become effective upon its execution, and shall remain in full force and effect continuously thereafter (unless terminated automatically as set forth in Section 4) until terminated as follows:
(a) Either party hereto may at any time terminate this Agreement (or this Agreements application to one or more Classes or Funds) by not more than sixty days written notice delivered or mailed by registered mail, postage prepaid, to the other party, or
(b) If a majority of both (i) the Trustees of the Trust, and (ii) a majority of the Independent Trustees, do not specifically approve at least annually the continuance of this Agreement, then this Agreement shall automatically terminate at the close of business on the second anniversary of its execution, or upon the expiration of one year from the effective date of the last such continuance, whichever is later.
Termination of this Agreement pursuant to this Section 5 shall be without the payment of any penalty.
6. | CERTAIN DEFINITIONS. |
For purposes of this Agreement, (a) the term Independent Trustees shall mean those Trustees of the Trust who are not interested persons of the Trust or the Service Provider, and have no direct or indirect financial interest in this Agreement, (b) the terms affiliated person, control,
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interested person and assignment shall have their respective meanings defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the rules and regulations thereunder, subject, however, to such exemptions as may be granted by the Securities and Exchange Commission under said Act; and (c) the phrase specifically approve at least annually shall be construed in a manner consistent with the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the rules and regulations thereunder.
7. | NONLIABILITY OF SERVICE PROVIDER. |
In the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the part of the Service Provider, or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties hereunder, the Service Provider shall not be subject to any liability to the Trust, or to any shareholder of the Trust, for any act or omission in the course of, or connected with, rendering services hereunder.
8. | LIMITATION OF LIABILITY OF THE TRUSTEES AND SHAREHOLDERS. |
A copy of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Trust is on file with the Secretary of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and notice is hereby given that this instrument is executed on behalf of the Trustees of the Trust as Trustees and not individually and that the obligations of this instrument are not binding upon any of the Trustees or shareholders individually but are binding only upon the assets and property of the Fund.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, GMO TRUST and GRANTHAM, MAYO, VAN OTTERLOO & CO. LLC have each caused this instrument to be signed in duplicate on its behalf by its duly authorized representative, all as of the day and year first above written.
GMO TRUST | ||
By | /s/ Douglas Y. Charton | |
Name: Douglas Y. Charton | ||
Title: Clerk | ||
GRANTHAM, MAYO, VAN OTTERLOO & CO. LLC | ||
By | /s/ J.B. Kittredge | |
Name: J.B. Kittredge | ||
Title: General Counsel | ||
Reviewed by: /s/ DYC |
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EXHIBIT I
GMO U.S. Equity Allocation Fund
GMO Quality Fund
GMO SGM Major Markets Fund
GMO International Large/Mid Cap Equity Fund
GMO International Equity Fund
GMO Foreign Fund
GMO Foreign Small Companies Fund
GMO International Small Companies Fund
GMO Emerging Markets Fund
GMO Emerging Countries Fund
GMO Tax-Managed International Equities Fund
GMO Core Plus Bond Fund
GMO Currency Hedged International Bond Fund
GMO Global Bond Fund
GMO Emerging Country Debt Fund
GMO Debt Opportunities Fund
GMO Alpha Only Fund
GMO Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund
GMO International Equity Allocation Fund
GMO Global Asset Allocation Fund
GMO Global Equity Allocation Fund
GMO Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund
GMO Global Developed Equity Allocation Fund
GMO Taiwan Fund
GMO Developed World Stock Fund
GMO International Developed Equity Allocation Fund
GMO Asset Allocation Bond Fund
GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund
GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund
GMO Benchmark-Free Fund
GMO Global Focused Equity Fund
GMO Resources Fund
GMO Risk Premium Fund
GMO Special Opportunities Fund
GMO Benchmark-Free Bond Fund
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SERVICE FEE SCHEDULE |
EXHIBIT II |
Class II Shares
Fund |
Service Fee | |
GMO SGM Major Markets Fund |
0.22% | |
GMO International Equity Fund |
0.22% | |
GMO Foreign Fund |
0.22% | |
GMO Emerging Markets Fund |
0.22% | |
GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund |
0.22% |
Class III Shares
Fund |
Service Fee | |
GMO U.S. Equity Allocation Fund |
0.15% | |
GMO Quality Fund |
0.15% | |
GMO SGM Major Markets Fund |
0.15% | |
GMO International Large/Mid Cap Equity Fund |
0.15% | |
GMO International Equity Fund |
0.15% | |
GMO Foreign Fund |
0.15% | |
GMO Foreign Small Companies Fund |
0.15% | |
GMO International Small Companies Fund |
0.15% | |
GMO Emerging Markets Fund |
0.15% | |
GMO Emerging Countries Fund |
0.15% | |
GMO Tax-Managed International Equities Fund |
0.15% | |
GMO Core Plus Bond Fund |
0.15% | |
GMO Debt Opportunities Fund |
0.15% | |
GMO Alpha Only Fund |
0.15% | |
GMO Currency Hedged International Bond Fund |
0.15% | |
GMO Global Bond Fund |
0.15% | |
GMO Emerging Country Debt Fund |
0.15% |
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SERVICE FEE SCHEDULE |
EXHIBIT II |
Class III Shares
Fund |
Service Fee | |
GMO Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund |
0.15% | |
GMO International Equity Allocation Fund |
0.00% | |
GMO Global Asset Allocation Fund |
0.00% | |
GMO Global Equity Allocation Fund |
0.00% | |
GMO Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund |
0.00% | |
GMO Global Developed Equity Allocation Fund |
0.00% | |
GMO Taiwan Fund |
0.15% | |
GMO Developed World Stock Fund |
0.15% | |
GMO International Developed Equity Allocation Fund |
0.00% | |
GMO Asset Allocation Bond Fund |
0.15% | |
GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund |
0.15% | |
GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund |
0.15% | |
GMO Benchmark-Free Fund |
0.00% | |
GMO Global Focused Equity Fund |
0.15% | |
GMO Resources Fund |
0.15% | |
GMO Risk Premium Fund |
0.15% | |
GMO Special Opportunities Fund |
0.15% | |
GMO Benchmark-Free Bond Fund |
0.15% |
Class IV Shares
Fund |
Service Fee | |
GMO U.S. Equity Allocation Fund |
0.13% (with reduction: 0.10%)* | |
GMO Quality Fund |
0.13% (with reduction: 0.105%)* | |
GMO SGM Major Markets Fund |
0.13% (with reduction: 0.10%)* | |
GMO International Large/Mid Cap Equity Fund |
0.13% (with reduction: 0.09%)* | |
GMO International Equity Fund |
0.13% (with reduction: 0.09%)* | |
GMO Foreign Fund |
0.13% (with reduction: 0.09%)* | |
GMO Foreign Small Companies Fund |
0.13% (with reduction: 0.10%)* |
-8-
SERVICE FEE SCHEDULE |
EXHIBIT II |
Class IV Shares
Fund |
Service Fee | |
GMO Emerging Markets Fund |
0.13% (with reduction: 0.105%)* | |
GMO Emerging Country Debt Fund |
0.13% (with reduction: 0.10%)* | |
GMO Developed World Stock Fund |
0.13% (with reduction: 0.10%)* | |
GMO Alpha Only Fund |
0.13% (with reduction: 0.10%)* | |
GMO Core Plus Bond Fund |
0.13% (with reduction: 0.10%)* | |
GMO Asset Allocation Bond Fund |
0.13% (with reduction: 0.10%)* | |
GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund |
0.13% (with reduction: 0.10%)* | |
GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund |
0.13% (with reduction: 0.105%)* | |
GMO Global Focused Equity Fund |
0.13% (with reduction: 0.10%)* | |
GMO Resources Fund |
0.13% (with reduction: 0.10%)* | |
GMO Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund |
0.13% (with reduction: 0.10%)* | |
GMO Risk Premium Fund |
0.13% (with reduction: 0.10%)* | |
GMO Special Opportunities Fund |
0.13% (with reduction: 0.10%)* | |
GMO Benchmark-Free Bond Fund |
0.13% (with reduction: 0.10%)* |
Class V Shares
Fund |
Service Fee | |
GMO U.S. Equity Allocation Fund |
0.12% (with reduction: 0.085%)* | |
GMO Quality Fund |
0.12% (with reduction: 0.085%)* | |
GMO International Equity Fund |
0.12% (with reduction: 0.085%)* | |
GMO International Large/Mid Cap Equity Fund |
0.12% (with reduction: 0.085%)* | |
GMO Emerging Markets Fund |
0.12% (with reduction: 0.085%)* | |
GMO SGM Major Markets Fund |
0.12% (with reduction: 0.085%)* | |
GMO Developed World Stock Fund |
0.12% (with reduction: 0.085%)* | |
GMO Asset Allocation Bond Fund |
0.12% (with reduction: 0.085%)* | |
GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund |
0.12% (with reduction: 0.085%)* | |
GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund |
0.12% (with reduction: 0.085%)* | |
GMO Global Focused Equity Fund |
0.12% (with reduction: 0.085%)* | |
GMO Resources Fund |
0.12% (with reduction: 0.085%)* |
-9-
SERVICE FEE SCHEDULE |
EXHIBIT II |
Class V Shares
Fund |
Service Fee | |
GMO Risk Premium Fund |
0.12% (with reduction: 0.085%)* | |
GMO Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund |
0.12% (with reduction: 0.085%)* | |
GMO Special Opportunities Fund |
0.12% (with reduction: 0.085%)* | |
GMO Benchmark-Free Bond Fund |
0.12% (with reduction: 0.085%)* |
Class VI Shares
Fund |
Service Fee | |
GMO U.S. Equity Allocation Fund |
0.10% (with reduction: 0.055%)* | |
GMO Quality Fund |
0.10% (with reduction: 0.055%)* | |
GMO International Equity Fund |
0.10% (with reduction: 0.055%)* | |
GMO International Large/Mid Cap Equity Fund |
0.10% (with reduction: 0.055%)* | |
GMO Emerging Markets Fund |
0.10% (with reduction: 0.055%)* | |
GMO SGM Major Markets Fund |
0.10% (with reduction: 0.055%)* | |
GMO Developed World Stock Fund |
0.10% (with reduction: 0.055%)* | |
GMO Debt Opportunities Fund |
0.10% (with reduction: 0.055%)* | |
GMO Asset Allocation Bond Fund |
0.10% (with reduction: 0.055%)* | |
GMO Taiwan Fund |
0.10% (with reduction: 0.055%)* | |
GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund |
0.10% (with reduction: 0.055%)* | |
GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund |
0.10% (with reduction: 0.055%)* | |
GMO Global Focused Equity Fund |
0.10% (with reduction: 0.055%)* | |
GMO Resources Fund |
0.10% (with reduction: 0.055%)* | |
GMO Risk Premium Fund |
0.10% (with reduction: 0.055%)* | |
GMO Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund |
0.10% (with reduction: 0.055%)* | |
GMO Special Opportunities Fund |
0.10% (with reduction: 0.055%)* | |
GMO Benchmark-Free Fund |
0.10% (with reduction: 0.055%)* |
-10-
SERVICE FEE SCHEDULE |
EXHIBIT II |
Class VII Shares
Fund |
Service Fee | |
GMO Special Opportunities Fund |
0.06% (with reduction: 0.04%)* |
* | Notwithstanding the higher maximum annual service fee rate provided for in the Trusts Amended and Restated Service Plan, GMO has agreed permanently to reduce the annual service fee it receives from Class IV, Class V, Class VI, and Class VII shares of these Funds to the rate noted in the tables. This reduced fee rate may not be increased without prior approval by the Trustees in the manner provided for the amendment of this Agreement in Section 4 hereof. |
-11-
SUPPLEMENTAL SUPPORT FEE SCHEDULE |
EXHIBIT III |
Class MF Shares
Fund |
Supplemental Support Fee | |
GMO Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund |
0.10% |
-12-
Exhibit (h)(5)
November 25, 2015
Mr. Brad Hilsabeck
Chief Executive Officer
Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
Boston, MA 02110
RE: | Services Provided by Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (GMO) under Management Contracts with GMO Trust (the Trust) |
Dear Brad,
I have spoken with the other Trustees of GMO Trust (the Trust) and wanted to confirm to you our unanimous understanding on two points relating to the Management Contracts between each series (Fund) of the Trust and GMO. First, it has never been our intention or understanding that shareholders of a Fund would be third party beneficiaries of the Funds Management Contract. Second, while the Contracts do not specify a governing law, it is our intention and understanding that the Contracts would be governed by Massachusetts law. This is consistent with, and supported by, the fact that the vast majority of the services provided under the Management Contracts are provided from Massachusetts, as well as many other indicia of Massachusetts significant relationship to the Management Contracts. For example, the contracts have all been executed and negotiated in Massachusetts and all meetings of the Board of Trustees (Board) of the Trust, including those at which the Management Contracts have been approved or renewed, have been (and continue to be) conducted in Massachusetts.
While both of these points seem clear to us, in light of the recent Ninth Circuit decision, we thought it would be useful to memorialize our intentions and understandings. Please let us know if GMO has a different understanding on either of these points.
Very Truly Yours, |
/s/ Donald W. Glazer |
Donald W. Glazer |
Chairman of the Board of Trustees, GMO Trust |
November 30, 2015
Trustees of GMO Trust (the Trust)
Attention Donald W. Glazer, Chairman
RE: | Services Provided by Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (GMO) under Management Contracts with GMO Trust (the Trust) |
Dear Don,
This letter responds to your letter to me dated November 25, 2015 relating to the Management Contracts between each series (Fund) of the Trust and GMO. As I explain in more detail below, I can confirm that it has always been GMOs intention and understanding that there are no third party beneficiaries of the Funds Management Contract, and that the Management Contracts would be governed by Massachusetts law. If you will, there has always been a meeting of the minds of the two parties on both points. And we agree that it is useful to memorialize our mutual intentions and understanding on these two points in light of Ninth Circuits recent decision in Northstar Financial Advisors Inc. vs. Schwab Investments, et al.
First, it has always been GMOs intention and understanding that the Management Contracts between each Fund and GMO do not create any third party beneficiaries; that is, no Management Contract gives rise to possible contractual rights in favor of any third party, including any beneficial owner of the Trust or any Fund. In addition to being the shared intention of GMO and the Trusts Board of Trustees (the Board), this is consistent with Massachusetts law, which generally provides that a contract does not confer third-party beneficiary status unless language and circumstances of the contract show that the parties to the contract clearly and definitely intended the beneficiary to benefit from the promised performance. The Management Contracts do not identify (clearly, definitely or otherwise) any third party beneficiaries and provide that the services rendered by GMO are subject always to the control of the Trustees of the Trust and to such policies as the Trustees may determine. This result is also consistent with the terms of the Declaration of Trust of the Trust, which provides that ownership of Shares shall not entitle the Shareholder to any title in or to the whole or any part of the Trust property and that ownership of Shares shall not constitute the Shareholders partners.
Second, as to the governing law of the Management Contracts, it has always been GMOs intention and understanding that each Management Contract is subject to the applicable provisions, including Sections 15 and 36(b), of the federal Investment Company Act of 1940 and otherwise would be governed by the laws of Massachusetts. As you fairly note, the vast majority of the services provided under the Management Contracts are provided from Massachusetts, and there are many other indicia of Massachusetts significant (indeed, almost exclusive) relationship to the Management Contracts. These include, without limitation: 1) all meetings of the Board of Trustees (Board) of the Trust at which the Contracts were first approved or continued have been (and continue to be) conducted in Massachusetts; 2) all discussions between GMO and the Board regarding the services provided under
the Management Contracts have been (and continue to be) conducted in Massachusetts; 3) each Management Contract has been executed in Massachusetts; 4) the Trusts Declaration of Trust provides by its terms that the Trust is a Massachusetts business trust and that the Declaration is governed by Massachusetts law; 5) GMO was originally formed in 1979 pursuant to Chapter 108A of the General Laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and is today a limited liability company formed under Chapter 156C of the General Laws of Massachusetts; 6) GMO has always been domiciled in Massachusetts and a majority (frequently all) of the Trustees have been residents of Massachusetts throughout the existence of the Trust; and 7) each of the Trust and GMO has continuously since its respective inception date maintained its headquarters and principal place of business in Massachusetts.
I appreciate the opportunity to confirm our mutual understanding on these points.
Very Truly Yours, |
/s/ Brad Hilsabeck |
Brad Hilsabeck |
Chief Executive Officer, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC |
Cc: Douglas Charton, Esq.
Exhibit (i)
December 1, 2015
GMO Trust
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, MA 02110
Re: GMO SGM Major Markets Fund
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We are furnishing this opinion in connection with the proposed offer and sale by GMO Trust, a Massachusetts business trust (the Trust), of shares of beneficial interest (Shares) of GMO SGM Major Markets Fund (formerly GMO Systematic Global Macro Opportunity Fund) (the Fund) pursuant to the Trusts Registration Statement on Form N-1A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (File No. 002-98772) and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (File No. 811-04347) (the Registration Statement).
We are familiar with the actions taken by the Trustees of the Trust to authorize the issuance and sale to the public from time to time of authorized and unissued Shares of the Fund. We have examined or relied upon a copy of the Trusts Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended (the Declaration of Trust), on file in the offices of the Secretary of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the Clerk of the City of Boston and as certified by the Clerk of the Trust; a copy of the Trusts Amended and Restated By-Laws, as certified by the Clerk of the Trust; and copies of resolutions adopted at the meeting of the Trustees of the Trust held on August 27, 2015, as certified by the Clerk of the Trust. We have also examined a copy of the resolutions adopted at the meeting of the Trustees of the Trust held on January 20, 2005, and such other documents as we deem necessary for purposes of this opinion.
Based upon the foregoing, we are of the opinion that the issue and sale by the Trust of the authorized but unissued Shares of the Fund have been duly authorized under Massachusetts law. Upon the original issue and sale of any such authorized but unissued Shares of the Fund and upon receipt by the Trust of the authorized consideration therefor in an amount not less than the applicable net asset value, the Shares so issued will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable by the Trust.
The Trust is an entity of the type commonly known as a Massachusetts business trust. Under Massachusetts law, shareholders could, under certain circumstances, be held personally liable for the obligations of the Trust. However, the Declaration of Trust disclaims shareholder liability for acts or obligations of the Trust and requires that notice of such disclaimer be given in each note, bond, contract, instrument, certificate or undertaking made or issued on behalf of the Trust by the Trustees of the Trust, by any officer or officers of the Trust, or otherwise. The Declaration of Trust provides for indemnification out of the property of a particular series of the Trust for all loss and expense of any shareholder of that series held personally liable for the obligations of that series solely by reason of his or her being or having been a shareholder of that
-2-
GMO Trust |
December 1, 2015 |
series. Thus, the risk of a shareholders incurring financial loss on account of being a shareholder of a series is limited to circumstances in which the series itself would be unable to meet its obligations.
We consent to the filing of this opinion with and as part of the Registration Statement.
Very truly yours,
/s/ Ropes & Gray LLP |
Ropes & Gray LLP |
cc: | J.B. Kittredge, Esq., Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC |
Douglas Y. Charton, Esq., Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
Exhibit (j)
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form N-1A of our reports dated April 24, 2015, relating to the financial statements and financial highlights of GMO SGM Major Markets Fund (formerly known as GMO Systematic Global Macro Opportunity Fund), which appears in the February 28, 2015 Annual Reports to Shareholders and which is also incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement. We also consent to the references to us under the headings Financial Highlights, Financial Statements, Investment Advisory and Other ServicesIndependent Registered Public Accounting Firm and Disclosure of Portfolio HoldingsOngoing Arrangements to Make Portfolio Holdings Available in such Registration Statement.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP |
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP |
Boston, Massachusetts |
December 1, 2015 |
Exhibit 1
POWER OF ATTORNEY
We, the undersigned trustees of GMO Trust, a Massachusetts business trust, hereby severally constitute and appoint each of Douglas Y. Charton, Meta S. David and Megan Bunting singly, our true and lawful attorney, with full power to him/her to sign for each of us, and in each of our names and in the capacities indicated below, the Registration Statement of GMO Trust on Form N-1A and any and all amendments thereto (including pre- and post-effective amendments), and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite or necessary to be done in the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as each of us might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney lawfully could do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. This document supersedes and revokes any prior Power of Attorney executed by any of us in our capacities as trustee of GMO Trust.
Witness each of our hands on the date set forth below.
Signature |
Title |
Date | ||
/s/ Paul Braverman Paul Braverman |
Trustee | November 17, 2015 | ||
/s/ Donald W. Glazer Donald W. Glazer |
Trustee | November 17, 2015 | ||
/s/ J.B. Kittredge J.B. Kittredge |
Trustee | November 17, 2015 | ||
/s/ Peter Tufano Peter Tufano |
Trustee | November 17, 2015 |
Exhibit 2
POWER OF ATTORNEY
We, the undersigned officers of GMO Trust, a Massachusetts business trust, hereby severally constitute and appoint each of Douglas Y. Charton, Meta S. David and Megan Bunting singly, our true and lawful attorney, with full power to him/her to sign for each of us, and in each of our names and in the capacities indicated below, the Registration Statement of GMO Trust on Form N-1A and any and all amendments thereto (including pre- and post-effective amendments), and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite or necessary to be done in the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as each of us might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney lawfully could do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. This document supersedes and revokes any prior Power of Attorney executed by any of us in our capacities as officer of GMO Trust.
Witness each of our hands on the date set forth below.
Signature |
Title |
Date | ||
/s/ Sheppard N. Burnett Sheppard N. Burnett |
Chief Executive Officer; Principal Executive Officer |
November 17, 2015 | ||
/s/ Carly Cushman Carly Cushman |
Treasurer; Chief Financial Officer; Chief Accounting Officer; Principal Financial and Accounting Officer |
November 17, 2015 |
Exhibit 3
GMO TRUST
CERTIFICATE OF CLERK
I, Douglas Y. Charton, hereby certify that I am the duly elected and acting Clerk of GMO Trust, a Massachusetts business trust (the Trust), and do hereby further certify as follows:
1. Attached hereto as Exhibit A are true and correct copies of resolutions from the meeting of the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the Board) held November 17, 2015 (the Meeting). The resolutions were duly adopted by the Board at the Meeting. Such resolutions have not been modified or rescinded since their adoption and are in full force and effect as of the date hereof.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this 1st day of December, 2015.
By: | /s/ Douglas Y. Charton | |
Name: Douglas Y. Charton | ||
Title: Clerk |
Exhibit A
Resolutions of the Board November 17, 2015
Power of Attorney Authorizations
VOTED: | That each of Megan Bunting, Douglas Y. Charton and Meta S. David is authorized to sign for Sheppard N. Burnett, in his name and in the capacity of Chief Executive Officer and Principal Executive Officer, on behalf of the Trust, the Trusts Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) and any and all amendments, pursuant to a power of attorney executed by Mr. Burnett. |
VOTED: | That each of Megan Bunting, Douglas Y. Charton and Meta S. David is authorized to sign for Carly Cushman, in her name and in the capacity of Treasurer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Accounting Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer, on behalf of the Trust, the Trusts Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed with the SEC and any and all amendments, pursuant to a power of attorney executed by Ms. Cushman. |
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