Autodesk’s revenue is divided into three categories: subscription revenue, maintenance revenue, and other revenue. Revenue is recognized when control for these offerings is transferred to our customers and in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for products and services.

Our contracts with customers may include promises to transfer multiple products and services to a customer. Determining whether the products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately or as one combined performance obligation may require significant judgment. Judgment is required to determine the level of integration and interdependency between individual components of software and cloud functionality. This determination influences whether the software is considered distinct and accounted for separately as a license performance obligation, or not distinct and accounted for together with the cloud functionality as a single subscription performance obligation recognized over time.

For product subscriptions and enterprise business agreement ("EBA") subscriptions in which the desktop software and related cloud functionality are highly interrelated, the combined performance obligation is recognized ratably over the contract term as the obligation is delivered. For contracts involving distinct software licenses, the license performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time when control is transferred to the customer. For standalone maintenance subscriptions, cloud subscriptions, and technical support services, the performance obligation is satisfied ratably over the contract term as those services are delivered. For consulting services, the performance obligation is satisfied over a period of time as those services are delivered.

When an arrangement includes multiple performance obligations, which are concurrently delivered and have the same pattern of transfer to the customer (the services transfer to the customer over the contract period), we account for those performance obligations as a single performance obligation.

For contracts with more than one performance obligation, the transaction price is allocated among the performance obligations in an amount that depicts the relative standalone selling price ("SSP") of each obligation. Judgment is required to determine the SSP for each distinct performance obligation. We use a range of amounts to estimate SSP when we sell each of the products and services separately and need to determine whether there is a discount that should be allocated based on the relative SSP of the various products and services.

In instances where SSP is not directly observable, such as when we do not sell the product or service separately, we determine the SSP using information that includes market conditions and other observable inputs. We typically have more than one SSP for individual products and services due to the stratification of those products and services by customer and circumstance. In these instances, we use relevant information such as the sales channel and geographic region to determine the SSP.

Our indirect channel model includes both a two-tiered distribution structure, where Autodesk sells to distributors that subsequently sell to resellers, and a one-tiered structure where Autodesk sells directly to resellers. For these arrangements, transfer of control begins at the time access to our subscriptions is made available electronically to our customer, provided all other criteria for revenue recognition are met. Judgment is required to determine whether our distributors and resellers have the ability to honor their commitment to pay, regardless of whether they collect payment from their customers. If we were to change this assessment, it could cause a material increase or decrease in the amount of revenue that we report in a particular period.

As part of the indirect channel model, we have a partner incentive program that uses quarterly attainment of monetary rewards to motivate distributors and resellers to achieve mutually agreed upon business goals in a specified time period. Incentives related to our subscription program are recorded as a reduction to deferred revenue in the period the subscription transaction is billed, and are subsequently recognized as a reduction to subscription revenue over the contract period. A small portion of partner incentives reduce maintenance revenue in the current period. These incentive balances do not require significant assumptions or judgments. Depending on how the payments are made, the reserves associated with the partner incentive program are recorded on the balance sheet as either contra accounts receivable or accounts payable.

Autodesk recognizes revenue from the sale of (1) product subscriptions, cloud service offerings, and EBAs, (2) renewal fees for existing maintenance plan agreements that were initially purchased with a perpetual software license, and (3) consulting, training and other goods and services. The three categories are presented as line items on Autodesk's unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.



	Three Months Ended October 31,				Nine Months Ended October 31,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Net revenue by product family:
Architecture, Engineering and Construction	358.0		$	263.8	$	996.5	$	728.7
AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT	245.4		190.6		689.9		522.8
Manufacturing	182.2		158.5		524.3		440.0
Media and Entertainment	50.6		43.6		146.9		127.1
Other	6.5		4.4		17.4		13.9
Total net revenue	$	842.7	$	660.9	$	2,375.0	$	1,832.5

Net revenue by geographic area:
Americas
U.S.	$	287.3	$	225.0	$	804.3	$	626.1
Other Americas	62.0		43.5		166.7		123.4
Total Americas	349.3		268.5		971.0		749.5
Europe, Middle East and Africa	329.6		266.5		943.0		735.7
Asia Pacific	163.8		125.9		461.0		347.3
Total net revenue	$	842.7	$	660.9	$	2,375.0	$	1,832.5

Net revenue by sales channel:
Indirect	$	586.6	$	477.0	$	1,663.2	$	1,315.5
Direct	256.1		183.9		711.8		517.0
Total net revenue	$	842.7	$	660.9	$	2,375.0	$	1,832.5

Payments for product subscriptions, industry collections, cloud subscriptions, and maintenance subscriptions are typically due up front with payment terms of 30 to 45 days. Payments on EBAs are typically due in annual installments over the contract term, with payment terms of 30 to 60 days. Autodesk does not have any material variable consideration, such as obligations for returns, refunds, warranties or amounts due to customers for which significant estimation or judgment is required as of the reporting date.

Remaining performance obligations consist of total billed and unbilled deferred revenue. As of October 31, 2019, Autodesk had remaining performance obligations of $2.97 billion, which represents the total contract price allocated to remaining performance obligations, which are recognized over the next three years. We expect to recognize $2.05 billion or 69% of our remaining performance obligations as revenue during the next 12 months. We expect to recognize the remaining $918.9 million or 31% of our remaining performance obligations as revenue thereafter.

We expect that the amount of remaining performance obligations will change from quarter to quarter for several reasons, including the specific timing, duration and size of customer subscription and support agreements, varying billing cycles of such agreements, the specific timing of customer renewals, and foreign currency fluctuations.

We receive payments from customers based on a billing schedule as established in our contracts. Contract assets relate to performance completed in advance of scheduled billings. Contract assets were not material as of October 31, 2019. Deferred revenue relates to billings in advance of performance under the contract. The primary changes in our contract assets and deferred revenues are due to our performance under the contracts and billings.

Revenue recognized during the nine months ended October 31, 2019, that was included in the deferred revenue balances at January 31, 2019, was $1.58 billion. The satisfaction of performance obligations typically lags behind payments received under revenue contracts from customers, which may lead to an increase in our deferred revenue balance over time.