Goodwill

The change in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment during the six months ended July 31, 2016 is as follows:



	Platform Solutions and Emerging Business		Architecture, Engineering and Construction		Manufacturing			Media and Entertainment			Total
Balances as of January 31, 2016
Goodwill	$	386.9	$	427.2	$	613.9		$	256.2		$	1,684.2
Accumulated impairment losses	—		—		—			(149.2		)	(149.2		)
	386.9		427.2		613.9			107.0			1,535.0
Addition arising from other acquisitions	17.4		—		13.6			31.8			62.8
Effect of foreign currency translation, purchase accounting adjustments, and other	0.7		2.0		(3.5		)	0.4			(0.4		)
Balances as of July 31, 2016
Goodwill	405.0		429.2		624.0			288.4			1,746.6
Accumulated impairment losses	—		—		—			(149.2		)	(149.2		)
	$	405.0	$	429.2	$	624.0		$	139.2		$	1,597.4

Goodwill consists of the excess of consideration transferred over the fair value of net assets acquired in business combinations. Autodesk assigns goodwill to the reporting unit associated with each business combination, and tests goodwill for impairment annually in its fourth fiscal quarter or more often if circumstances indicate a potential impairment. The company has established reporting units based upon its current reporting structure.

When goodwill is assessed for impairment, Autodesk has the option to perform an assessment of qualitative factors of impairment (“optional assessment”) prior to necessitating a two-step quantitative impairment test. Should the optional assessment be used for any given fiscal year, qualitative factors to consider include cost factors; financial performance; legal, regulatory, contractual, political, business, or other factors; entity specific factors; industry and market considerations, macroeconomic conditions, and other relevant events and factors affecting the reporting unit. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is greater than its carrying value, then performing the two-step impairment test is unnecessary.

Therefore, the two-step quantitative impairment test is necessary when either Autodesk does not use the optional assessment or, as a result of the optional assessment, it is not more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is greater than its carrying value. In performing the two-step impairment test, Autodesk uses discounted cash flow models which include assumptions regarding projected cash flows. Variances in these assumptions could have a significant impact on Autodesk's conclusion as to whether goodwill is impaired, or the amount of any impairment charge. Impairment charges, if any, result from instances where the fair values of net assets associated with goodwill are less than their carrying values. As changes in business conditions and assumptions occur, Autodesk may be required to record impairment charges. The process of evaluating the potential impairment of goodwill is subjective and requires significant judgment at many points during the analysis. The value of Autodesk’s goodwill could also be impacted by future adverse changes such as: (i) declines in Autodesk’s actual financial results, (ii) a sustained decline in Autodesk’s market capitalization, (iii) significant slowdown in the worldwide economy or the industries Autodesk serves, or (iv) changes in Autodesk’s business strategy or internal financial results forecasts.