UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO
SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2016
(Mark One)
| x | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
| For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 | |
| OR | |
| ¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from _________to_________
Commission File Number
000-19932
RELIV’ INTERNATIONAL, INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware | 371172197 | |
| (State or other jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) | |
| incorporation or organization) | ||
| 136 Chesterfield Industrial Boulevard | ||
| Chesterfield, Missouri | 63005 | |
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) |
(636) 537-9715
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code
Securities registered pursuant to Sections 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of Each Class | Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered | |
| Common Stock, par value $0.001 | NASDAQ Global Select Market |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨ No þ
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer ¨ Accelerated filer ¨ Non-accelerated filer ¨ Smaller Reporting Company þ
Indicate by check mark whether registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No þ
Based upon the closing price of $0.60 per share of the registrant’s common stock as reported on the NASDAQ Global Select Market on June 30, 2016, the aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $4.8 million. (The determination of stock ownership by non-affiliates was made solely for the purpose of responding to the requirements of the Form and the registrant is not bound by this determination for any other purpose.)
The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock as of March 10, 2017 was 1,845,160 (excluding treasury shares).
Documents Incorporated by Reference
| Document | Part of Form 10-K
into Which Document Is Incorporated | |
| Sections of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on May 25, 2017, which is expected to be filed no later than 120 days after December 31, 2016 | Part III |
INDEX
| Part I | ||
| Item No. 1 | Business | 1 |
| Item No. 2 | Properties | 18 |
| Item No. 3 | Legal Proceedings | 18 |
| Part II | ||
| Item No. 5 | Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | 19 |
| Item No. 7 | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 20 |
| Item No. 8 | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | 29 |
| Item No. 9 | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | 29 |
| Item No. 9A | Controls and Procedures | 29 |
| Item No. 9B | Other Information | 29 |
| Part III | ||
| Item No. 10 | Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | 30 |
| Item No. 11 | Executive Compensation | 30 |
| Item No. 12 | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters | 30 |
| Item No. 13 | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence | 30 |
| Item No. 14 | Principal Accounting Fees and Services | 30 |
| Part IV | ||
| Item No. 15 | Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules | 30 |
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This annual report includes both historical and “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and projections about future results. Words such as “may,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “continue,” or similar words are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. Although we believe that our opinions and expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements, and our actual results may differ substantially from the views and expectations set forth in this annual report. We disclaim any intent or obligation to update any forward-looking statements after the date of this annual report to conform such statements to actual results or to changes in our opinions or expectations.
Overview
We are a developer, manufacturer and marketer of a proprietary line of nutritional supplements addressing basic nutrition, specific wellness needs, weight management and sports nutrition. We sell our products through an international network marketing system using independent distributors. We have sold products in the United States since 1988 and in selected international markets since 1991.
We currently offer 20 nutritional supplements, and our product offering has selectively evolved over our history. Our core line of nutritional supplements which represented 62.9% of net sales for the year ended December 31, 2016, included the following five products:
| • | Reliv Classic and Reliv NOW — two basic nutritional supplements containing a full and balanced blend of vitamins, minerals, protein and herbs |
| • | Innergize! — an isotonic sports supplement in two flavors |
| • | FibRestore — a high-fiber and antioxidant supplement |
| • | LunaRich X — a soy concentrate with elevated levels of lunasin, in capsule form |
Following the introduction of our LunaRich X capsules in 2013, we experienced a gradual shift in our product sales mix reflecting an increasing emphasis on Reliv NOW and LunaRich X capsules. For the year ended December 31, 2016, Reliv NOW constituted 22.6% of net product sales, and LunaRich X capsules represented 17.7%. The combination of Reliv NOW and LunaRich X capsules have increasingly become the focus of our product strategy. As a result of this strategy, we offer a Super Pack product kit that contains four cans of Reliv NOW and four bottles of LunaRich X each containing 60 capsules. We also offer a Super Pack kit with Reliv Classic instead of Reliv NOW. The Super Pack was designed as a simple, focused approach that capitalizes on our most popular products and provides an entry point at a 25% discount for new distributors who want to build a business.
In February 2017, we launched our Fit3 fitness and weight loss program in the United States to broaden and bolster our weight management offering, and to appeal to a broader demographic than our essential nutrition. The Fit3 program consists of three principal components: (1) nutrition coaching, (2) exercise coaching and videos, and (3) three fitness products: Active, Burn and Purify. The Fit3 program involves our most interactive offering for distributors and customers, including a separate website with independent content and a focused social media outreach and support initiative. We offer a Fit Kit that includes a 90-day supply of the Fit3 products and access to the information, tools and videos we offer through the program. We believe the Fit3 program provides an attractive alternate entry point for new distributors or customers who are more interested in weight loss and fitness than our essential nutrition or targeted solutions.
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We periodically refine our products and introduce related new products and product categories. Our internal research and development team has developed most of our products, and we hold U.S. patents on six of these products —Arthaffect, ReversAge, GlucAffect, ProVantage, 24K and CardioSentials. We also own several U.S. and international patents and patent applications related to lunasin through our acquisition of the lunasin technology in September 2016.
We believe that our network marketing model is the best method for the marketing and sale of our products because it utilizes ongoing personal contact among our distributors and their retail customers. This enables our distributors to communicate directly regarding the products, the business opportunity we offer and their personal experiences with both. We provide our distributors with a financially rewarding and entrepreneurial business opportunity, affording them the ability to earn compensation both from the direct sale of products and from sales volume generated by distributors they sponsor. We actively support our distributors by providing marketing materials, a dependable product fulfillment system and frequent educational, training and motivational programs.
The majority of our sales traditionally has been, and is expected to continue to be, made through our distributors in the United States. We also currently generate sales through distributor networks in Australia, Austria, Canada, France, Germany, Indonesia, Ireland, Malaysia, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore and the United Kingdom. In each country in which we conduct business, our distributors operate under a business and compensation model that maintains consistent marketing, sales, fulfillment, and compliance procedures. As of December 31, 2016, our network consisted of approximately 38,480 distributors and preferred customers —27,220 in the United States and 11,260 across our international markets.
We manufacture nearly all of our powdered nutritional supplements and all of our encapsulated products at our facility in Chesterfield, Missouri. We believe our ability to formulate and manufacture our own nutritional supplements enables us to produce our products efficiently while maintaining our high standards of quality assurance and proprietary product composition.
Industry Overview
Nutritional Supplement Market
We operate primarily in the $38.8 billion U.S. nutritional supplement market, which is part of the broader $140 billion U.S. nutrition industry according to data published by the Nutrition Business Journal, or NBJ, and an estimated $320.0 billion global nutrition industry, also according to the NBJ. Additionally, more than 170 million Americans, or 71% of all U.S. adults, take dietary supplements annually according to the Council for Responsible Nutrition.
A combination of demographic, healthcare and lifestyle trends are expected to drive continued growth in the nutritional supplement market. These trends include:
| · | Aging Population: The older population (persons 65 years or older) numbered 44.7 million in 2013 according to latest information from the Department of Health and Human Services. They represented 14.1% of the U.S. population, about one in every seven Americans. By 2060, there will be approximately 98 million older persons living in the United States, more than twice their number in 2013. Recent data from the Council for Responsible Nutrition shows that 74% of adults aged 55 and over take dietary supplements. We believe this ever-growing population, living longer lives than in previous decades, will continue to focus on their nutritional needs as they age. |
| · | Rising Healthcare Costs and Commitment to Health: The cost of healthcare in the United States continues to increase rapidly each year and grew at an annual rate of 5.8% according to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). In 2015, U.S. healthcare spending reached $3.2 trillion or $9,990 per person. As reported from Frost and Sullivan, approximately 75% of total U.S. health care expenditures are spent on preventable health issues. Many studies have demonstrated that dietary supplements have a positive effect on reducing the potential for health issues and consumers are reacting to this by taking charge of their personal health. In a recent survey conducted by Harris Poll, taking vitamins was in the top five commitments to health and wellness habits. We believe more consumers will seek the use of nutritional supplements to maintain quality of life as well as reduce medical costs. |
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| · | Continued Focus on Weight Management: According to a report published by The State of Obesity in September 2016, nearly 38%, or more than one-third of U.S. men and women were obese, as were almost 17% of U.S. children. It is estimated that 86.3% of Americans will be overweight or obese by 2030. Health care costs related to obesity are expected to grow, from $860.7 billion to $956.9 billion by 2030 and currently account for almost 21% of U.S. health care costs according to a report by Cornell University. Being overweight is linked to more than 90 chronic diseases and can lead to more serious health concerns such as diabetes, heart disease and other chronic illnesses. According to a May 2016 report from Technavio, the global weight loss supplement market via direct selling was valued at $624.9 million in 2015 and North America accounted for more than one-third of those sales. Bearing these facts in mind, we believe that there will be a continual need not only for weight loss products but also for wellness products. |
Direct Selling Market
Health and nutrition products are distributed through various market means, including retailers such as supermarkets, drugstores, mass merchants and specialty retailers; direct marketers such as mail order companies and Internet retailers; and direct sellers such as network marketers and healthcare practitioners. We distribute our products through the direct selling channel via our network marketers.
Direct selling involves the marketing of products and services directly to consumers in a person-to-person manner. Direct selling is a significant global industry largely utilized for the sale of a wide range of consumer products from companies such as Avon Products Inc., Alticor Inc. (Amway Corp.) and Tupperware Brands Corporation. According to the World Federation of Direct Selling Associations, or WFDSA, the 2015 global direct selling market (for all product categories) was estimated to be $183.7 billion, an increase from $182.8 billion in 2014. The WFDSA estimates that the number of individuals engaged in direct selling more than doubled between 1999 and 2015, from 35.9 million sellers to 103.2 million in 2015. The United States had 20.2 million direct sellers in 2015, the most of any country. Globally, wellness products came in as the top selling category, compared to 2014 when it was second behind cosmetics and personal care.
While the United States is currently the largest direct selling market with $36.1 billion in annual sales in 2015, international markets account for 81% of the entire industry, according to the WFDSA. Twenty-three countries (including the United States) have annual direct sales revenue of at least $1 billion and another thirty-one have annual direct sales revenue of at least $100 million, according to the WFDSA.
We believe that we are well positioned to capitalize on the world-wide growth trends in direct sales, as both a developer and manufacturer of proprietary nutritional products, utilizing our network marketing distribution system.
Our Competitive Strengths
We believe that we possess a number of competitive strengths that are the keys to our growth and profitability in the future.
Leading Marketer of Bioavailable Lunasin-Containing Products. We own certain technology and proprietary testing and manufacturing processes that allow us to produce LunaRich X, to our knowledge, the only commercial source of soy concentrate with elevated levels of bioactive lunasin. One 310 mg capsule of LunaRich X contains an amount of lunasin equivalent to 25 grams of high quality soy protein. In addition to our LunaRich X capsules, we fortified seven other nutritional supplements with LunaRich X so that a serving of those products yields an amount of bioactive lunasin equivalent to consuming 25 grams of soy protein. The products fortified with LunaRich X are Reliv NOW, Reliv NOW for Kids, ProVantage, GlucAffect, SoySentials, Slimplicity and Fit3 Active.
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Complete, Simple Nutrition. We focus on the completeness, balance and simplicity of our basic nutritional supplements — Reliv Classic or Reliv NOW — combined with LunaRich X. Our recommended daily regimen of essential nutrition for any new distributor or customer is one shake of either Reliv NOW or Reliv Classic and two capsules of LunaRich X. Our two basic nutritional supplements each contain a full and balanced blend of vitamins, minerals, proteins and herbs supporting an individual’s daily nutritional needs and our LunaRich X capsules support an individual’s wellness at the epigenetic level. The combination of Reliv NOW or Reliv Classic and LunaRich X makes supplementation simple and effective for the consumer. For more specific individual needs, we provide 17 additional supplements. We believe that our two basic nutritional supplements, together with LunaRich X and our additional supplements, enhance the ability of our distributors to build their businesses by providing a comprehensive, simple product offering.
In-House Development and Production. We utilize nutrition science as the basis for product formulation. We maintain an ongoing research and development effort led by Carl W. Hastings, Ph.D., our Chief Scientific Officer and Vice Chairman. Since 1993, we have manufactured substantially all of our nutritional products at our facility in Chesterfield, Missouri. In 2015, we installed an encapsulator and bottling line to produce our encapsulated products. In 2017, we ordered equipment to install a canister line to produce our Active product and potentially other products as we transition from cardboard cans to plastic canisters. We anticipate that our canister production line will be operational by the end of our second quarter if not earlier. We outsource our ready-to-drink product, 24K. We believe our ability to formulate and manufacture nearly all of our nutritional supplement products enables us to maintain our high standards of quality assurance and proprietary product composition.
Experienced Ambassador Team. Our Ambassador corps consists of distributors who have achieved the level of Master Director, have earned royalty payments of at least $4,000 in consecutive months and meet our leadership and character criteria necessary to garner our invitation to be an Ambassador. Our Ambassadors generally are our most productive distributors and are essential in recruiting, motivating and training our entire distributor network. We, and our Ambassadors, lead hundreds of annual events throughout all of our markets to motivate and train distributors, including regular recruiting meetings, trainings, conference calls, training schools for Master Affiliates and higher levels and regional, national and international distributor conferences. As of December 31, 2016, we had approximately 332 Ambassadors worldwide.
Experienced and Incentivized Management Team. Our management team is led by our founder, Robert L. Montgomery, who has been our Chief Executive Officer since the inception of our company in 1985. Our executive officers have been employed by our company for an average of 21 years and are experienced in their areas of focus, which include manufacturing, sales, finance, marketing and operations. As of March 10, 2017, our directors and executive officers beneficially own approximately 37.8% of our common stock.
Our Business Strategy
Our basic objective is to increase our net sales by adding customers and distributors, increasing the productivity of our distributors, and by periodically improving our existing products and introducing new products. We also intend to invest in our infrastructure to improve our operating efficiencies, provide better service to our customers and distributors and leverage our current operating facilities to improve our profitability. We seek to accomplish these objectives by employing the following strategic initiatives:
Leverage and Expand our Existing Distributor Base Throughout the United States. The United States has been and will continue to be our largest market. Our growth strategy in the United States involves multiple initiatives, such as the launch in early 2017 of our Fit3 product line and fitness program, continued investment in company-sponsored events and distributor training and better utilization of our upper-level distributors across different geographical areas to increase our distributor base.
Increase Appeal to Broader Demographic. Traditionally, our customer and distributor demographic has skewed towards baby boomers and older individuals searching for nutritional solutions to supplement their diet and support overall wellness. While continuing to maintain our focus on the needs of this important segment, we believe there is an opportunity to expand our sales and distributor base by increasing our appeal to younger generations interested in nutrition and an active healthy lifestyle. In February 2017, we launched our Fit3 product line and fitness program aimed at individuals seeking to improve their fitness levels and incorporate healthier options into their daily routines. We believe the nutritional and fitness aspects of Fit3 will attract health conscious on-the-go individuals, many of whom fall within the under-40 demographic. Further, we maintain an active presence on popular social media sites including Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and several other social networks that are popular with younger generations. Our internal social media team is comprised of Gen X and Gen Y staffers who regularly interact with distributors, customers and prospects. We plan to continue to develop products and programs and expand our technology offerings in an effort to further appeal to younger generations interested in healthy active lifestyles and a vibrant evolving business opportunity.
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Expand in Existing and New International Markets. We believe there is a significant opportunity to increase our net sales in international markets. We have a business model that is compatible across all of our markets and encourages our distributors to pursue their business in multiple markets. We believe this business model supports expansion of our distributor network in our existing international markets and will provide a framework that facilitates our entry into new international markets. To that end, we continue to monitor business conditions in potential new markets and will selectively expand as timing and conditions are appropriate.
Invest in Improved and New Products. As a developer of nutritional supplements, it is vital to continue to invest in the research and development of new and innovative products. For example, in January 2017, we introduced our Fit3 line of products and in January 2013 we launched LunaRich X to support heart health and overall wellness. Additionally, we will continue to improve and validate the efficacy of our existing product line. These types of investments should facilitate customer and distributor retention, as well as the recruitment of new distributors.
Expand and Improve our Manufacturing and Distribution Capabilities. We currently manufacture all of our powdered nutritional supplements, excluding Active, and our encapsulated products at our facility in Chesterfield, Missouri. This allows us to precisely control product composition and quality assurance as well as better manage inventory levels. Periodically, we make appropriate investments that enhance our manufacturing capabilities and capacity to further leverage our existing facilities and trained production staff. We recently ordered equipment to install a canister line in our facilities to produce Active and allow us the option to transition the packaging of our other products to a plastic canister. We expect to have the canister line operational by mid-2017. In the second half of 2014, we purchased and installed an encapsulation production line. We expect to continue to make appropriate investments in our manufacturing and fulfillment facilities.
Our Products
Product Overview
Our product line includes nutritional supplements that address basic nutrition, specific wellness needs, weight management and sports nutrition. We combine ingredients from science and nature in targeted, well-balanced, easy-to-use formulas that are specifically designed to enhance wellness and increase performance and energy in specific applications. All but four of our supplements are in powdered form that the consumer mixes with water, juice or other liquid. 24K is a ready-to-drink nutritional supplement and LunaRich X, Burn and Purify are available in capsule form.
We currently offer 20 nutritional supplements. Our basic nutritional supplements are formulated to provide a balanced and complete level of supplementation for the consumer. For more specific needs, we provide other focused product formulations. We have purposely been selective in the number and types of products that we offer. By providing a line of targeted products, we make it simple for our distributors and consumers to choose products appropriate for their objectives. We consider four of our oldest and best selling products — Reliv Classic, Reliv NOW, Innergize!, and FibRestore — along with LunaRich X capsules to be our primary or “core” products.
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The following table summarizes our product categories as of December 31, 2016. The net sales figures are for the year ended December 31, 2016:
| Product Category | Product Name | % of 2016 Net Sales(1) | Year Introduced | |||||
| Basic Nutrition | Reliv NOW | 20.2 | 1988 | |||||
| Reliv Classic | 9.6 | 1988 | ||||||
| NOW for Kids | 4.2 | 2000 | ||||||
| Specific Wellness | FibRestore | 9.7 | 1993 | |||||
| Arthaffect | 6.8 | 1996 | ||||||
| ReversAge | 3.7 | 2000 | ||||||
| SoySentials | 1.6 | 1998 | ||||||
| CardioSentials | 1.5 | 2005 | ||||||
| GlucAffect | 1.2 | 2008 | ||||||
| 24K | 1.8 | 2011 | ||||||
| LunaRich X capsules | 15.8 | 2013 | ||||||
| Weight Management | Meal Replacements(2) | 1.1 | Various | |||||
| Cellebrate | 0.8 | 1995 | ||||||
| Sports Nutrition | Innergize! | 7.6 | 1991 | |||||
| ProVantage | 3.6 | 1997 | ||||||
| Other | Sweetener and Reliv Delight(3) | 0.1 | Various | |||||
| (1) | This table does not include net sales for the year ended December 31, 2016 related to freight and handling and sales of marketing materials, which represented approximately 10.7% of net sales for the year ended December 31, 2016. |
| (2) | Since its introduction in February 2007, our Slimplicity Meal Replacement formula has replaced Reliv Ultrim-Plus (available since 1988) in all but our Canadian and Mexican markets. Upon introduction of our Slimplicity products in a particular market, our Reliv Ultrim-Plus line was discontinued in that market. In October 2013, Reliv ReShape was launched in our Australian and New Zealand markets, at which time Slimsimply was discontinued in those markets. With the launch of our Fit3 program and products in February 2017, we plan to discontinue Slimplicity in the United States. |
| (3) | Our sweetener product was discontinued in early 2016. Reliv Delight is expected to be discontinued once remaining inventory is exhausted. |
Basic Nutrition Supplements
Our three basic nutrition supplements provide consumers with a broad spectrum of essential nutrients. Every formulation is specifically designed to optimize and enhance the benefits of the nutrients it contains.
| • | Reliv NOW is a nutritional supplement containing a variety of vitamins and minerals, soy and various herbs. Reliv NOW is available in every country where we operate. In Australia, the product is marketed as Nourish. |
| • | Reliv Classic is a nutritional supplement containing a variety of vitamins and minerals, soy and various herbs. It is a vegetarian product that contains no animal compounds, artificial preservatives, artificial flavors or added simple sugars. Reliv Classic is available in the United States, Canada, France, Germany, Austria, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and Ireland. |
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| • | NOW for Kids is a product designed to provide a balanced nutritional supplement for a child’s diet and contains a variety of vitamins and minerals. NOW for Kids is available in Australia, New Zealand, the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Ireland, Austria, the Netherlands, Mexico, Malaysia and the Philippines. In Australia, the product is marketed as Nourish for Kids. |
Specific Wellness Supplements
Our line of eight specific wellness supplements contains specific compounds that target certain nutritional needs. Each product is intended to work in conjunction with our basic nutritional supplement formulas to provide an effective and balanced method for sustaining health and well-being.
| • | ReversAge is a patented youth-promoting nutritional supplement designed to slow down the effects of the aging process. Three proprietary complexes form the foundation of the supplement: longevity complex, antioxidant complex and herbal complex. The longevity complex is restorative and designed to replenish key hormones while creating balance within the body’s major systems; the antioxidant complex is designed to slow aging at the cellular level; and the herbal complex delivers a variety of herbs, including Ginkgo Biloba and Maca. ReversAge is available in every country where we operate except Germany, the United Kingdom, France, the Netherlands and Ireland. In Canada, the product is marketed as Nutriversal. |
| • | SoySentials is a nutritional supplement containing soy as well as other vitamins, minerals and herbs designed for use by women. SoySentials provides a woman with key nutrients targeted to promote women’s health and ease the symptoms of menopause and PMS. SoySentials is available in the United States and Mexico. |
| • | CardioSentials is a patented berry-flavored nutritional supplement that promotes heart health. The product contains 1,500 mg of phytosterols per serving, policosanol and several powerful antioxidants. In a clinical study of this product, participants experienced meaningful reductions in cholesterol as well as improvement in their high-density lipoprotein, or HDL, and low-density lipoprotein, or LDL, ratios. CardioSentials is available only in the United States. |
| • | Arthaffect is a patented nutritional supplement containing Arthred, a form of hydrolyzed collagen protein, which is clinically reported to support healthy joint function. The product is available in the United States, Australia, New Zealand, Mexico, the Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, and Canada. The product is marketed as A-Affect in Australia, New Zealand and Canada due to local product regulations. |
| • | FibRestore is a nutritional supplement containing fiber, vitamins, minerals and herbs. A modified version of the FibRestore formula is marketed in Canada under the name Herbal Harmony to comply with Canada’s nutritional regulations. FibRestore is available in all of the countries in which we operate. |
| • | GlucAffect is a patented cinnamon cream flavored nutritional supplement designed to support healthy blood sugar levels. GlucAffect contains Pycnogenol® and other clinically supported active ingredients. GlucAffect has been clinically proven to assist in healthy blood sugar management and support weight loss. GlucAffect is available in the United States. |
| • | 24K is a patented ready-to-drink healthy energy product. 24K is our first ready-to-drink nutritional supplement available in a multi-serving 30-ounce bottle and in a two-ounce double serving bottle. 24K is formulated with a synergistic blend of 24 active ingredients designed to enhance the body’s natural vitality and provide energy, focus and stress relief. It contains no caffeine and only 5 calories per serving. 24K is available only in the United States. |
| • | LunaRich X is a nutritional supplement available in capsule form and comes in a bottle of 60 or 120 capsules. LunaRich X is a soy concentrate with elevated levels of bioactive lunasin, a soy peptide shown to have heart health and wellness benefits. LunaRich X is currently available in the United States, Canada, Mexico, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Ireland, Austria, the Netherlands, Indonesia, the Philippines and Singapore. The product is marketed as LunaRich C in Germany, Austria, the United Kingdom, France, the Netherlands and Ireland due to local regulations. |
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Weight Management Supplements
Our seven weight management supplements combine advanced weight loss promoting complexes with scientifically balanced nutrition and protein for muscle development and toning. Our ingredients are designed to work together, along with proper diet and exercise, to turn unwanted fat into energy without sacrificing muscle mass.
| • | Active is a nutritional supplement designed as the protein, energy and recovery product for use in our Fit3 program introduced in February 2017. Active combines a three-protein blend of whey, casein and non-GMO soy with active ingredients to support weight loss, physical performance and energy when combined with healthy eating and exercise. Active is currently available in the United States. |
| • | Burn is a nutritional supplement in our Fit 3 program that promotes weight loss when combined with healthy eating and exercise through a targeted fat-burning formula. Burn is available in the United States. |
| • | Purify is a nutritional supplement in our Fit3 program that contains probiotics and liver and metabolic supporting ingredients intended to cleanse the digestive system and allow maximum absorption and metabolic efficiency. Purify is available in the United States. |
| • | Reliv ReShape is designed as a meal replacement or a nutritious snack delivering 12 grams of protein. Reliv ReShape is only sold in Australia and New Zealand. |
| • | Slimplicity is a meal replacement intended for use, along with proper diet and exercise, to facilitate weight management. Slimplicity is currently available in the United States, but has been discontinued with the introduction of the Fit3 product line. |
| • | Reliv Ultrim-Plus is designed as a meal replacement (for a maximum of two meals per day) for use in a weight loss program. Reliv Ultrim-Plus is sold in Mexico and Canada, but has been discontinued in Canada. |
| • | Cellebrate is a weight loss aid designed to suppress appetite, curb the storage of body fat, and facilitate the body’s fat burning process. Cellebrate is available in the United States, but has been discontinued with the introduction of our Fit 3 product line. |
Sports Nutrition Supplements
Our two sports nutrition supplements contain a balance of nutrients scientifically designed to improve athletic performance and endurance, as well as muscle recovery and repair.
| • | Innergize! is a sports supplement, containing vitamins and minerals designed for performance enhancement. Innergize! is available in every country where we operate. In Canada, the product is marketed as Optain due to local product regulations. |
| • | ProVantage is a patented nutritional supplement containing soy designed to enhance athletic performance with a balance of nutrients needed to improve endurance, muscle recovery and repair. The product also benefits those seeking to increase their soy intake. ProVantage is available in the United States and Canada. |
Research and Development
We maintain an ongoing research and development effort, led by Carl W. Hastings, Ph.D., and consult with other industry professionals with respect to developments in nutritional science, product enhancements and new products. Since 2011, we have introduced five nutritional supplement products, including 24K, LunaRich X, Active, Burn and Purify. From time to time, we reformulate and enhance our products. Our research and development team consistently evaluates product advancements in the marketplace and advancements in raw materials and ingredients available for new product ideas and developments.
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For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, our research and development expenses were $694,000 and $765,000, respectively.
SL Technology, Inc.
In mid-2013, we formed a wholly-owned subsidiary, SL Technology, Inc. (“SLTI”) for the purpose of entering into a Technology License Agreement (the “License Agreement”) with Soy Labs, LLC (“Soy Labs”). Pursuant to this License Agreement, Soy Labs granted SLTI an exclusive license for its intellectual property related to its soy concentrate with elevated levels of bioactive lunasin and other soy-related ingredients. The license covered an issued patent and several patent applications related to lunasin and soy-related peptides, proprietary information and manufacturing processes of Soy Labs.
In September 2016, we entered into a letter agreement with Soy Labs to acquire sole ownership of intellectual property subject to the License Agreement. In consideration for acceleration of the final payment under the License Agreement, Soy Labs transferred all rights, title and interest in the technology to us and terminated any of our future royalty obligations under the License Agreement. See Note 6 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on the terms of the License Agreement and subsequent letter agreement.
Network Marketing Program
General Overview
We market and sell our products through a network marketing system of independent distributors, who purchase our products from us, or from other distributors, and who then sell our products directly to consumers. In addition to selling our products, our distributors also recruit others to distribute our products. Distributors receive compensation from both the sale of the products they have purchased at wholesale and, in the case of Master Affiliates and above, commissions on the volume of products sold by their downline organization. We believe network marketing is an effective way to distribute our products because it allows and relies on personal contact, education and endorsement of products which are not as readily available through other distribution channels.
We recognize that our sales growth is based on the continued development and growth of our independent distributor force and we strive to maintain an active and motivated distributor network through a combination of quality products, and a business opportunity with distributor discounts, commissions and bonus payments, sales conventions, training, personal recognition and a variety of publications and promotional materials.
Program Structure
Individuals that do not wish to become distributors, but want to purchase products directly from the company may enroll as retail or preferred customers, so long as they are sponsored by an existing distributor. We created a Preferred Customer program in the United States and Canada, effective February 1, 2016. Those wishing to join as a preferred customer may enroll for an annual fee of $10, for which they receive a 10% discount from the retail prices of our products.
Individuals who desire to market and sell our products may become distributors by being sponsored into the program by an existing distributor, and becoming part of that distributor’s “downline.” We offer a tiered discount and commission, or royalty, format that consists of four principal levels and several sub-levels, which are designed to compensate and motivate distributors to increase their networks and sales volumes.
Our distributors consist principally of individuals, although we also permit entities such as corporations, partnerships, limited liability companies and trusts to become distributors. A new distributor is required to complete a distributor application and, in most areas, to purchase a package of distributor materials (for $40 plus sales tax in the United States, as of February 1, 2016) consisting of a Distributor Guide and CD, business forms and promotional materials. The Distributor Agreement, when accepted by us, becomes the contract between us and the distributor and obligates the distributor to the terms of the agreement, which includes our Policies and Procedures for conduct of their business. All distributors are independent contractors and are not our employees.
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In each country in which we conduct business, distributors operate under a compensation system pursuant to which distributors generally are compensated based on their sales volumes. On the basis of sales volume or commission volume, distributors may achieve the following successive levels of achievement and compensation:
| Designation | Discount | |||
| Retail Distributor(1) | 10 | % | ||
| Affiliate | 25 | % | ||
| Key Affiliate | 30 | % | ||
| Senior Affiliate | 35 | % | ||
| Master Affiliate | 40 | %(2) | ||
| Director | 40 | %(2) | ||
| Key Director | 40 | %(2) | ||
| Senior Director | 40 | %(2) | ||
| Master Director/Ambassador | 40 | %(2) | ||
| Presidential Director/Ambassador | 40 | %(2) | ||
| (1) | Effective February 1, 2016, we made adjustments to our distributor compensation plan. Among the changes made, we reduced the purchasing discount of a Retail Distributor to 10%; however, the distributor is able to reach the Affiliate level through cumulative purchases totaling $750 at suggested retail. |
| (2) | In addition to discounts, these levels also receive commissions based on sales in their downline organization. |
Distributors purchase products from us at a discount from the suggested retail price for the products and then may sell the product at retail to customers, sell the product to other distributors at wholesale or consume the product. The amount of the discount varies depending on the distributor’s level of achievement, as indicated above.
Distributors generate income equal to the difference between the price at which they sell the product to customers and the discounted price they pay for the product. Distributors also earn wholesale commissions on products purchased by downline distributors in the distributor’s sponsored group equal to the difference between the price at which the distributor is entitled to purchase product and the price at which downline distributors purchase product. We calculate payments and issue a check directly to the qualified distributor once a month. For example, assume Distributor A is a 40% discount Master Affiliate who signs up Distributor B, a 30% discount Key Affiliate, who signs up Distributor C, a 10% discount Retail Distributor. If Distributor C purchases directly from us, a 10% wholesale profit check will be sent to Distributor A and a 20% wholesale profit check will be sent to Distributor B.
Upon achieving the level of Master Affiliate, distributors begin to receive additional compensation — “generation royalty” — payments of 8%, 6%, 4%, 3% and 2% of the retail volume of product purchased from us by Master Affiliates and above (and their personal groups) whom they have sponsored, and for each of five downline levels of sponsorship. To qualify for these additional compensation payments, Master Affiliates and above are required to maintain certain monthly sales volumes.
Master Affiliates who sponsor other distributors that achieve the level of Master Affiliate are entitled to become part of the Director Program. Advancement at the Director level is based upon achieving increasing levels of royalties based on sales generated by other distributors in the Director’s downline organization. Distributors achieving each level receive recognition for their achievements at our company-sponsored events and in our publications. We also have a Star Director Program under which distributors achieving the level of Director and above receive additional compensation based on the number of Master Affiliates they have sponsored into the program. Directors receive an additional 1% to 3% royalty on the retail sales volume of Master Affiliates in their downline organization for an unlimited number of levels of sponsorship, until reaching a level that includes a Master Affiliate who also has achieved Star Director status.
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Master Directors and Presidential Directors may also be invited to participate in the Ambassador Program. As of December 31, 2016, we had approximately 332 Ambassadors worldwide. Qualifications to be invited by us to participate in the Ambassador Program include demonstrated competence and leadership qualities. Ambassadors receive recognition and awards for achieving Ambassador status and can then achieve additional levels of accomplishment. We utilize our Ambassadors to lead meetings and conferences, and to provide training and education to our distributors. Ambassadors achieving the level of Silver and higher also participate in the “Reliv Inner Circle,” which may entitle them to receive additional compensation, paid participation in our sponsored events, health insurance and car allowances.
In addition to the levels of compensation described, we also provide a variety of incentives, bonuses, awards and trips to distributors who achieve high sales volumes and who advance in the distributor ranks.
Distributor Training, Motivation and Management
Our marketing efforts are focused on the development, training, motivation and support of our independent distributors. We support an active training program for our distributors in which our representatives and experienced distributors, usually Ambassadors, lead group training sessions. We provide distributors with manuals, brochures and other promotional, training and informational publications. We encourage distributors to hold regular weekly recruiting meetings and training sessions. We sponsor weekly training conference calls in which a significant number of distributors participate.
Our sponsorship generally includes the following:
| • | During 2016, we sponsored numerous special events in cities across all of our markets led by corporate executives and/or experienced Ambassadors; |
| • | For the key markets in which we operate, we sponsor an annual conference for distributors; and |
| • | In the United States during 2016, we sponsored an annual International Conference in the summer for U.S. distributors. |
During 2016, we invested approximately $1.59 million in training, conferences and promotional events for our distributors worldwide compared with $1.96 million in 2015.
Distributor Compliance
Our distributor organization and business model are designed and intended to promote the sale of our products to consumers by distributors. Sales training and promotional efforts emphasize that intention. To that end, we monitor purchases by distributors to identify potentially excessive individual purchases and keep detailed information regarding customer purchases through our corporate shopping cart and as part of our autoship program. Distributors are not required at any time to purchase product, although Master Affiliates and above are required to maintain certain minimum sales levels in their personal groups to continue receiving generation royalty compensation payments.
Distributors may create their own advertising provided that it is within our advertising rules. Unless a distributor is using our designed and approved advertisements, the distributor must submit for approval in writing all advertising (e.g. brochures, flyers, audio tapes, classified or display ads, radio scripts) to our Compliance Department before placing it or arranging for placement.
Pursuant to our Policies and Procedures, which are incorporated by reference into our Distributor Agreement, distributors are permitted to make only those claims about our products that have been approved by us and/or provided in sales and training materials. Distributors acknowledge that our products are not represented as drugs and they are not authorized to make any diagnosis of any medical condition, make drug-type claims for, or prescribe our products to treat or cure, any disease or condition. We do not authorize or permit our distributors to make any express or implied references with regard to our products that they cure, prevent or relieve disease, replace or augment medication, provide therapy, promote healing, alleviate illnesses or symptoms of illnesses, or make any other medical claims for specific ailments.
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In order to comply with regulations that apply to both us and our distributors, we conduct considerable research into the applicable regulatory framework prior to entering any new market to identify all necessary licenses and approvals and applicable limitations on operations in that market. We devote substantial resources to obtaining the necessary licenses and approvals and maintaining operations that are in compliance with the applicable limitations. We also research laws applicable to distributor operations and revise or alter distributor materials and products, as required by applicable regulations in each market.
Regulations in existing and new markets often are ambiguous and subject to considerable interpretive and enforcement discretion by the responsible regulators. In addition, regulations affecting our business often change and are subject to varying interpretation and application. We make every effort to monitor and comply with changes in laws and regulations as they occur.
We have a Compliance Department that receives and reviews allegations of distributor misconduct. If we determine that a distributor has violated our Policies and Procedures, we may take a number of disciplinary actions. For example, we may impose sanctions such as warnings or suspensions until specific conditions are satisfied, or take other appropriate actions at our discretion, including termination of the distributor’s agreement.
Geographic Presence
Markets
We currently sell our products throughout the United States and in 14 other countries around the world. We have sold products in the United States since 1988 and our first product outside of the United States in 1991 when we entered Australia. In 2016, approximately 21.8% of our net sales were generated outside of the United States.
The table below shows the countries in which we operate and the year we commenced selling products:
| Country | Year Entered | Country | Year Entered | |||
| United States | 1988 | Ireland | 2003 | |||
| Australia | 1991 | Singapore | 2004 | |||
| New Zealand | 1992 | Germany | 2005 | |||
| Canada | 1992 | Austria | 2006 | |||
| Mexico | 1993 | Netherlands | 2006 | |||
| United Kingdom(1) | 1995 | Indonesia | 2009 | |||
| Philippines | 2000 | France | 2013 | |||
| Malaysia | 2003 |
| (1) | Includes Great Britain, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. |
Within the United States, we sell our products to distributors in all 50 states. We derived 43.1% of our domestic net sales in 2016 in California, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Michigan, Texas, Ohio, and Florida, with each state contributing at least 4% of net sales. We believe that there is the opportunity to increase the number of our distributors in all markets where we sell our products.
We organize all of our international operations under our wholly owned subsidiary, Reliv’ World. As of December 31, 2016, Reliv’ World consisted of the following market-specific entities: Reliv’ Australia, Reliv’ New Zealand, Reliv’ Canada, Reliv’ Mexico, Reliv’ Europe, Reliv’ Philippines, Reliv’ Malaysia, Reliv’ Singapore, and PT Reliv’ Indonesia. We have utilized this method of separate corporations in most of our markets, as local business licensing and product approvals require a local legal entity.
We believe that there is a significant opportunity to increase sales in our current international markets, as a whole. We have established a substantially consistent business model and compensation plan across all of our markets, and we continue to support our international markets with additional marketing programs and materials.
In addition to increasing sales in current international markets, our expansion strategy targets selected new foreign markets, when appropriate.
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New Market Entry Process
When conditions warrant, we evaluate new markets for our products. In order to do so, we perform an analysis of synergies between new and existing countries and distributor presence or interest in new markets, market conditions, regulatory conditions, product approval procedures and competition before selecting markets to enter. Once we decide to enter a new market, we first hire local legal counsel and/or a consultant with appropriate expertise to:
| • | help ensure that our network marketing system and products comply with all applicable regulations; |
| • | help establish favorable public relations in the new market by acting as an intermediary between us and local regulatory authorities, public officials and business people; and |
| • | explain our products and product ingredients to appropriate regulators and, when necessary, to arrange for local technicians to conduct required ingredient analysis tests of the products. |
Where regulatory approval in a foreign market is required, we utilize local counsel and/or consultants to work with regulatory agencies to confirm that all of the ingredients in our products are permissible within the new market. Where reformulation of one or more of our products is required, we attempt to obtain substitute or replacement ingredients. During the regulatory compliance process, we may alter the formulation, packaging, branding or labeling of our products to conform to applicable regulations as well as local variations in customs and consumer habits, and we may modify some aspects of our network marketing system as necessary to comply with applicable regulations.
Following completion of the regulatory compliance phase, we undertake the steps necessary to meet the operations requirements of the new market. In the majority of our new markets, we establish a sales center in a major city and provide for product purchases by telephone and/or pick up. Product is shipped to the purchaser from a warehouse located in the general geographic market or the distributor may walk in to the local office and purchase products, if a pick up center is available. In addition, we initiate plans to satisfy inventory, personnel and transportation requirements of the new market, and we modify our distributor materials, recordings, videos and other training materials as necessary to be suitable for the new market.
In some countries, regulations applicable to the activities of our distributors also may affect our business because in some countries we are, or regulators may assert that we are, responsible for our distributors’ conduct. In these countries, regulators may request or require that we take steps to ensure that our distributors comply with local regulations.
Manufacturing
We established a manufacturing line at our headquarters facility in Chesterfield, Missouri and began to manufacture all of our nutritional supplements in early 1993. We expanded our Chesterfield facility in 1997 to now include 126,000 square feet of total space. At this facility, we manufacture all of our powdered nutritional supplements, excluding Active, and encapsulated products for distribution both domestically and internationally. Currently, our 24K and Active products are manufactured by a third party. In January 2017, we ordered equipment to install a canister production line to produce Active and any other products we determine to produce in a plastic canister versus our traditional cardboard can.
Our ability to manufacture nearly all of our nutritional supplements is a competitive advantage over competitors not engaged in manufacturing and contributes to our ability to provide high-quality products. Our product manufacturing includes identifying suppliers of raw materials, acquiring the finest quality raw materials, blending exact amounts of raw materials into batches, and packaging and labeling the finished products. Since we carefully select our ingredient suppliers, we are able to control the quality of raw materials and our finished products. We have not experienced any significant difficulty in obtaining supplies of raw materials for our nutritional supplements or finished product of our 24K or Active products. By monitoring and testing products at all stages of the manufacturing process, we precisely control product composition. In addition, we believe we can more efficiently control costs by manufacturing nearly all of our nutritional supplements.
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In 1996, we received approval from the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration, or TGA, to manufacture products sold in Australia at our Chesterfield plant. In 2013, our Chesterfield plant was audited by the Australian TGA. Our current certification is valid until April 2017. In light of increasing costs associated with our TGA certification, we have determined to let it expire without renewal and adjust our product line in Australia accordingly. We continue to produce Nourish, Nourish for Kids, FibRestore and ReShape at our Chesterfield plant.
Fulfillment
Distributors order product in case lots of individual quantities and pay for the goods prior to shipment. We offer a program for distributors and their retail customers to order product in less than case lots directly from us by phone or internet order. Direct Advantage, an automatic monthly reorder program available for distributors and customers, provides a simple and convenient ordering process for consumers as well as distributors. Product is shipped directly to the distributor or customer and upline distributors earn wholesale profits or, if applicable, a commission on all Direct Advantage sales.
In the United States, our products are warehoused at our Chesterfield facility and shipped by common carrier to distributors upon order. Our facility in Chesterfield, Missouri serves all parts of the country. Our products are also warehoused in, and shipped to local distributors from: Sydney, Australia; Auckland, New Zealand; Oakville, Canada; Guadalajara, Mexico; Redditch (Birmingham), England; Makati (Manila), Philippines; Subang Jaya (Kuala Lumpur), Malaysia; Singapore; and Jakarta, Indonesia. With the exception of our Canada, New Zealand, and Singapore subsidiaries, each of our subsidiaries maintains an office and personnel to receive, record, and fill orders from distributors. Distributors in Ireland, France, Germany, Austria, and the Netherlands order and receive product from our UK-based subsidiary.
We maintain a policy that unused product may be returned by a customer to the selling distributor for a full refund or exchange within 30 days after purchase. We also maintain a policy that any distributor who terminates his or her distributorship may return saleable product which was purchased from us within twelve months of the termination for a refund of 100% of the purchase price less any compensation received relating to the purchase of the products. We believe this buyback policy addresses and satisfies a number of regulatory compliance issues pertaining to network marketing systems.
Historically, product returns and buy backs have not been significant. Product returns and buy backs have been approximately 0.20% and 0.24% of net sales in 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Information Technology Systems
In order to facilitate growth in the future and support our distributor activities, we continually upgrade our management information and telecommunication systems, along with increasing our internet-based capabilities. These systems include: (1) a centralized host computer in our Chesterfield headquarters, which is linked to our international offices via secure data connections that provide real-time order entry and information to respond to distributor inquiries, as well as financial and inventory management systems; (2) local area networks of personal computers within our markets, serving our local administrative staffs; (3) an international e-mail system through which our employees communicate; and (4) internet capabilities that provide a variety of online services to distributors, including product ordering, product information, event information and other related announcements, and tools to assist distributor leaders in managing their downline distributor group. We continue to pursue initiatives to increase the percentage of distributor orders placed via the internet. To accomplish this goal, we continue to make improvements to our shopping cart platform, and we have run periodic incentives to encourage distributors to place their orders via the internet. As a result of these initiatives, approximately 60% of our order volume in the United States is placed via internet.
These systems are designed to provide financial and operating data for management, timely and accurate product ordering, generation royalty payment calculation and processing, inventory management, and detailed distributor records. We intend to continue to invest in our systems in order to help meet our business strategies.
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Intellectual Property
Our formulas are protected as trade secrets and, to the extent necessary, by confidentiality agreements. In addition, we have obtained U.S. patents on six products as set forth below:
| Product | Patent Expiration Date | |
| Arthaffect | March 2018 | |
| ReversAge | May 2021 | |
| ProVantage | December 2030 | |
| GlucAffect | November 2029 | |
| 24K | February 2032 | |
| CardioSentials | January 2029 |
In addition to our patented formulas, we own three U.S. patents, 13 international patents and two patent applications related to our soy concentrate ingredient with elevated levels of bioactive lunasin, the key ingredient in our LunaRich X product. Further, we utilize a proprietary production process to produce our soy concentrate that we protect as a trade secret, along with the bioassay to determine the bioavailability of lunasin in our products.
Currently, we have 14 trademarks registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or USPTO, including Reliv and the names of 12 of our 20 nutritional products. Reliv NOW for Kids, LunaRich X, ReShape, Active, Burn and Purify are not registered with the USPTO. Cellebrate and Slimplicity trademarks have been abandoned due to their discontinuance. Trademark registrations for selected marks have been issued or applied for in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Mexico, the United Kingdom, Ireland, the Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Germany and several other foreign countries that offer network marketing opportunities. We consider our trademarks to be an important asset of our business.
Regulation
Product Regulation
The formulation, manufacturing, labeling and advertising or promotion of our products are subject to regulation by the Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, which regulates our products under the federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, or FDCA, the Federal Trade Commission, or FTC, and various agencies of the states or countries into which our products are shipped or sold. FDA regulations include requirements and limitations with respect to the labeling of our food products and also with respect to the formulation of those products. FDA regulations also limit and control the extent to which health or other claims can be made with respect to the efficacy of any food or cosmetic. The FDCA has been amended several times with respect to dietary supplements, most recently by the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990, or NLEA, and the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994, or DSHEA, and related regulations. Such legislation governs the formulation, manufacturing, marketing and sale of nutritional supplements, including the content and presentation of health-related information included on the labels or labeling of nutritional supplements.
The majority of the products we market are classified as dietary supplements under the FDCA. Dietary supplements such as those we manufacture and sell, for which no “drug” claim is made, are not subject to FDA approval prior to their sale. However, DSHEA established a pre-market notification process for dietary supplements that contain a “new dietary ingredient,” or NDI, a term that is defined as “a dietary ingredient that was not marketed in the United States before October 15, 1994,” the date on which DSHEA was signed into law. Certain NDIs that have been “present in the food supply” are exempt from the notification requirement. For those NDIs that are not exempt, DSHEA requires the manufacturer or distributor of a dietary supplement containing an NDI to submit to the FDA, at least 75 days prior to marketing, a notification containing the basis for concluding that the dietary supplement containing the NDI will “reasonably be expected to be safe.” Dietary supplement products can be removed from the market if shown to be unsafe, or if the FDA determines, based on the labeling of products, that the intended use of the product is for the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment or prevention of disease. The FDA can regulate those products as “drugs” and require premarket approval of a “new drug application.” Manufacturers of dietary supplements that make any claims for dietary supplements, including product performance and health benefit claims must have substantiation that the statements are truthful and not misleading.
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In January 2000, the FDA published a final rule that defines the types of statements that can be made concerning the effect of a dietary supplement on the structure or function of the body pursuant to DSHEA. Under DSHEA, dietary supplement labeling may bear “structure/function” claims, which are claims that the products affect the structure or function of the body, without prior FDA approval. They may not, without prior FDA approval, bear a claim that they can prevent, treat, cure, mitigate or diagnose disease, otherwise known as a “drug claim.” The final rule describes how the FDA will distinguish drug claims from structure/function claims. Dietary supplements, like conventional foods, are also permitted to make “health claims,” which are claims that are exempt from regulation as “drug” claims pursuant to the amendments to the FDCA established by the NLEA in 1990. A “health claim” is a claim, ordinarily approved by FDA regulation, on a food or dietary supplement product’s labeling that “characterizes the relationship of any substance to a disease or health-related condition.” To help assure that foods, dietary supplements and cosmetics comply with the provisions of the FDCA and FDA’s regulations, the FDA has numerous enforcement tools, including the ability to issue warning letters, initiate product seizures and injunctions and pursue criminal penalties.
The manufacture of dietary supplements is subject to existing FDA current good manufacturing practice, or cGMP, regulations for food. In June 2007, the FDA issued regulations relating to more detailed cGMP specifically for dietary supplements. Under these regulations, we qualify as a small business and became subject to the regulations in June 2009. We are periodically audited by the FDA and believe our systems and facilities in Chesterfield are in full compliance with cGMP.
Advertisements for our products are subject to regulation by the FTC. The FTC prohibits unfair methods of competition and unfair or deceptive acts or practices in or affecting commerce and provides that the dissemination of any false advertisement pertaining to drugs, cosmetics or foods, including dietary supplements, is an unfair or deceptive practice. Under the FTC’s substantiation doctrine, an advertiser must have a “reasonable basis” for all claims made about a product. The failure to be able to adequately substantiate claims may be considered either deceptive or unfair practices. In order to avoid a violation of the FTC standards, we endeavor to assure that we have adequate substantiation for all advertising claims made for our products. In addition, the FTC has increased its scrutiny of the use of distributor testimonials. Although it is impossible for us to monitor all the product claims made by our independent distributors, we make efforts to monitor distributor testimonials and restrict inappropriate distributor claims. The FTC has been more aggressive in pursuing enforcement against dietary supplement products since the passage of DSHEA in 1994, and has brought numerous actions against dietary supplement companies, some resulting in several million dollar civil penalties and/or restitution as well as court-ordered injunctions.
We are aware that there is adverse publicity in many markets, including the United States, concerning foods that are grown from genetically modified organisms, or GMOs. In some markets, the possibility of health risks thought to be associated with GMOs has prompted proposed or actual governmental regulation. Nearly all ingredients in our formulas are non-GMO. We use non-GMO ingredients when required by governmental regulations and strive to use non-GMO ingredients in every other instance when commercially feasible and available. We believe compliance with regulatory requirements in this area should not have a material adverse effect on our business.
Sales Program Regulation
Our distribution and sales program is subject to regulation by the FTC and other federal and state regulation as well as regulations in several countries in which we conduct business. Various state agencies regulate multi-level distribution services. We are required to register with, and submit information to, certain of such agencies and we believe we have complied fully with such requirements. We actively strive to comply with all applicable state and federal laws and regulations affecting our products and our sales and distribution programs. The Attorneys General of several states have taken an active role in investigating and prosecuting companies whose compensation plans they claim violate local anti-pyramid and/or consumer protection statutes. We are unable to predict the effect such increased activity will have on our business in the future nor are we able to predict the probability of future laws, regulations or interpretations which may be passed by state or federal regulatory authorities.
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Federal and state laws directed at network marketing programs have been adopted throughout the years to prevent the use of fraudulent practices often characterized as “pyramid schemes.” Illegal pyramid schemes compensate participants primarily for the introduction or enrollment of additional participants into the program. Often these schemes are characterized by large up-front entry or sign-up fees, over-priced products of low value, little or no emphasis on the sale or use of products, high-pressure recruiting tactics and claims of huge and quick financial rewards with little or no effort. Generally, these laws are directed at ensuring that product sales ultimately are made to consumers and that advancement within such sales organizations is based on sales of products.
We believe that our network marketing system satisfies the standards and case law defining a legal marketing system. It is an ongoing part of our business to monitor and respond to regulatory and legal developments, including those that may affect our network marketing system. However, the regulatory and legal requirements concerning network marketing systems do not include “bright line” rules and are inherently fact-based.
Competition
The business of developing and distributing nutritional products such as those we offer is highly competitive. Numerous manufacturers, distributors and retailers compete for consumers and, in the case of other network marketing companies, for distributors. Our competitors include both network marketing companies such as Alticor Inc. (Amway Corp.), Avon Products Inc., Herbalife Ltd., Mary Kay Inc., Melaleuca, Inc., Mannatech, Inc., Nature’s Sunshine Products Inc., NuSkin Enterprises Inc. and USANA Health Sciences Inc., as well as specialty and mass retail establishments. Our ability to remain competitive depends on the underlying science and high quality of our products and our success in recruiting and retaining distributors. The pool of individuals interested in network marketing tends to be limited in each market and may be reduced to the extent other network marketing companies successfully recruit these individuals into their businesses. We believe that we offer a rewarding compensation plan with attractive financial benefits to compete for the time, attention and commitment of distributors. Our compensation plan is seamless, permitting international expansion.
Reliv NOW and Reliv Classic compete with numerous supplements that offer multi-vitamin benefits. Our fitness and weight management products compete with other products in the weight loss market, including nationally advertised products such as SlimFast. Many companies have entered, or have plans to enter, the sports drink market in which Innergize! and ProVantage compete, a market led by Gatorade. 24K competes with 5-Hour Energy and numerous other liquid energy shots and drinks. With Arthaffect, FibRestore, ReversAge, GlucAffect, CardioSentials, SoySentials, and LunaRich X, we are in the specific wellness needs, food and anti-aging markets, which are extremely competitive and led by the major food companies.
Employees
As of December 31, 2016, we and all of our subsidiaries had approximately 161 full-time employees compared with 189 such employees at the end of 2015.
Additional Available Information
We make available, free of charge, copies of our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to these reports as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with, or furnished to the SEC pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. This information is available on our corporate web site at www.reliv.com under the “Investor Relations” section. This information may also be obtained from the SEC’s on-line database located at www.sec.gov.
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We own approximately six acres of land and a building containing approximately 126,000 square feet of office, manufacturing and warehouse space located in Chesterfield, Missouri, where we maintain our corporate headquarters and sole manufacturing facility. We believe that our worldwide facilities are suitable and adequate in relation to our present and immediate future needs.
The following table summarizes information related to our worldwide facilities as of March 10, 2017:
| Location | Nature of Use | Square Feet | Owned/Leased | |||
| Chesterfield, MO, USA | corporate headquarters/call center/manufacturing/warehouse | 126,000 | Owned | |||
| Seven Hills (Sydney), Australia | central office/call center | 1,000 | Leased | |||
| Oakville, Ontario, Canada | warehouse/distribution | 2,100 | Leased | |||
| Guadalajara, Mexico | central office/warehouse/call center | 2,300 | Leased | |||
| Makati City (Manila), Philippines | central office/ warehouse/distribution | 2,700 | Leased | |||
| Redditch (Birmingham), England, UK | central office/ warehouse/distribution | 11,500 | Leased | |||
| Subang Jaya (Kuala Lumpur), Malaysia | central office/call center | 1,300 | Leased | |||
| Jakarta, Indonesia | central office/ warehouse/distribution | 1,100 | Leased |
Item No. 3 - Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we are involved in litigation incidental to the conduct of our business. We do not believe that any current proceedings will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
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Item No. 5 - Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Our common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol: RELV. The following table sets forth the high and low sales prices of our common stock and the quarterly dividends per share paid on our common stock during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015. We executed a one-for-seven (1:7) reverse stock split on our common stock, effective when the market opened on October 4, 2016. All stock prices prior to that date have been adjusted for the effect of the reverse split for purposes of this table.
| High | Low | Dividend | ||||||||||
| Year Ending December 31, 2016 | ||||||||||||
| Fourth Quarter | $ | 12.53 | $ | 3.84 | $ | - | ||||||
| Third Quarter | 7.91 | 3.85 | - | |||||||||
| Second Quarter | 6.02 | 3.57 | - | |||||||||
| First Quarter | 7.14 | 3.43 | - | |||||||||
| Year Ending December 31, 2015 | ||||||||||||
| Fourth Quarter | $ | 5.53 | $ | 2.59 | $ | - | ||||||
| Third Quarter | 9.66 | 4.69 | - | |||||||||
| Second Quarter | 9.80 | 7.42 | - | |||||||||
| First Quarter | 8.68 | 7.49 | - | |||||||||
As of March 10, 2017, there were approximately 325 holders of record of our common stock and an additional 2,464 beneficial owners, including shares of common stock held in street name.
We have not declared any cash dividends over the past two years. The declaration of future dividends is subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon various factors, including our earnings, financial condition, restrictions imposed by any indebtedness that may be outstanding, cash requirements, and other factors deemed relevant by our Board of Directors. Our current lending agreements contain covenants which may limit our ability to declare cash dividends.
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Item No. 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The following discussion and analysis discusses the financial condition and results of our operations on a consolidated basis, unless otherwise indicated.
Overview
We are a developer, manufacturer and marketer of a proprietary line of nutritional supplements addressing basic nutrition, specific wellness needs, weight management and sports nutrition. We sell our products through an international network marketing system utilizing independent distributors. Sales in the United States represented approximately 78.2% of worldwide net sales for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to approximately 78.0% for the year ended December 31, 2015. Our international operations currently generate sales through distributor networks with facilities in Australia, Canada, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, the Philippines, and the United Kingdom. We also operate in Ireland, France, Germany, Austria and the Netherlands from our United Kingdom distribution center, in New Zealand from our Australia office, and in Singapore from our Malaysia office.
We derive our revenues principally through product sales made by our global independent distributor base, which, as of December 31, 2016, consisted of approximately 38,480 distributors and preferred customers. Our sales can be affected by several factors, including our ability to attract new distributors and retain our existing distributor base, our ability to properly train and motivate our distributor base and our ability to develop new products and successfully maintain our current product line.
All of our sales to distributors outside the United States are made in the respective local currency; therefore, our earnings and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency rates as compared to the U.S. dollar. As a result, exchange rate fluctuations may have an effect on sales and gross margins. Accounting practices require that our results from operations be converted to U.S. dollars for reporting purposes. Consequently, our reported earnings may be significantly affected by fluctuations in currency exchange rates, generally increasing with a weaker U.S. dollar and decreasing with a strengthening U.S. dollar. Products manufactured by us for sale to our foreign subsidiaries are transacted in U.S. dollars. From time to time, we enter into foreign exchange forward contracts to mitigate our foreign currency exchange risk.
Components of Net Sales and Expense
Product sales represent the actual product purchase price typically paid by our distributors, after giving effect to distributor allowances, which can range from 10% to 40% of suggested retail price, depending on the rank of a particular distributor. Handling and freight income represents the amounts billed to distributors for shipping costs. We record net sales and the related commission expense when the merchandise is shipped.
Our primary expenses include cost of products sold, distributor royalties and commissions and selling, general and administrative expenses.
Cost of products sold primarily consists of expenses related to raw materials, labor, quality control and overhead directly associated with production of our products and sales materials, as well as shipping costs relating to the shipment of products to distributors, and duties and taxes associated with product exports. Cost of products sold is impacted by the cost of the ingredients used in our products, the cost of shipping distributors’ orders, and our efficiency in managing the production of our products.
Distributor royalties and commissions are monthly payments made to distributors, based on products sold in their downline organization. Based on our distributor agreements, these expenses typically approximate 23% of sales at suggested retail. Distributor royalties and commissions are paid on an amount referred to as the business value (“BV”), which typically ranges between 80% and 90% of the suggested retail price of each product. Also, we include other sales leadership bonuses, such as Ambassador bonuses, within this caption. Overall, distributor royalties and commissions remain directly related to the level of our sales and should continue at comparable levels as a percentage of net sales going forward. We have implemented or are in the process of implementing similar pricing structures in all of our international markets.
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Selling, general and administrative expenses include the compensation and benefits paid to our employees except for those in manufacturing, all other selling expenses, marketing, promotional expenses, travel and other corporate administrative expenses. These other corporate administrative expenses include professional fees, non-manufacturing depreciation and amortization, occupancy costs, communication costs and other similar operating expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses can be affected by a number of factors, including staffing levels and the cost of providing competitive salaries and benefits; the amount we decide to invest in distributor training and motivational initiatives; and the cost of regulatory compliance.
Results of Operations
Year Ended December 31, 2016 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2015
Net sales decreased by 12.1% worldwide, as net sales in the United States decreased by 11.9% in the year ended December 31, 2016 compared with 2015. During 2016, our international net sales decreased by 12.9% over the prior year with 8.1% of the decline due to the impact of foreign currency fluctuation as the result of a stronger U.S. dollar. Net sales in Europe, our largest foreign market, decreased by 11.3% in 2016 compared to the prior year, with virtually the entire decline due to the impact of foreign currency fluctuation.
The following table summarizes net sales by geographic market for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015.
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2016 | 2015 | Change from prior year | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Sales by Market (in thousands) | Amount | % of Net Sales | Amount | % of Net Sales | Amount | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| United States | $ | 35,592 | 78.2 | % | $ | 40,385 | 78.0 | % | $ | (4,793 | ) | (11.9 | )% | |||||||||||
| Australia/New Zealand | 1,079 | 2.4 | 1,280 | 2.5 | (201 | ) | (15.7 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Canada | 1,065 | 2.3 | 1,297 | 2.5 | (232 | ) | (17.9 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Mexico | 530 | 1.2 | 719 | 1.4 | (189 | ) | (26.3 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Europe | 5,491 | 12.0 | 6,192 | 12.0 | (701 | ) | (11.3 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Asia | 1,756 | 3.9 | 1,896 | 3.6 | (140 | ) | (7.4 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated total | $ | 45,513 | 100.0 | % | $ | 51,769 | 100.0 | % | $ | (6,256 | ) | (12.1 | )% | |||||||||||
The following table sets forth, as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the number of our active distributors and Master Affiliates and above. The total number of active distributors includes Master Affiliates and above. We define an active distributor as one that enrolls as a distributor or renews his or her distributorship during the prior twelve months. Master Affiliates and above are distributors that have attained the highest level of discount and are eligible for royalties generated by Master Affiliate groups in their downline organization. In February 2016, we introduced a formal Preferred Customer program in the United States and Canada. As a result, we are including Preferred Customers as part of our Active Distributor count. Preferred Customer programs were previously in place in Europe and other foreign markets. Preferred Customers represent approximately 5,050 and 4,180 of the Active Distributor count as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The significant majority of these Preferred Customers are in Europe.
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| December 31, 2016 | December 31, 2015 | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Active Distributors/Master Affiliates by Market | Active Distributors and Preferred Customers | Master Affiliates and Above | Active Distributors and Preferred Customers | Master Affiliates and Above | Active Distributors and Preferred Customers | Master Affiliates and Above | ||||||||||||||||||
| United States | 27,220 | 4,080 | 32,310 | 4,740 | (15.8 | )% | (13.9 | )% | ||||||||||||||||
| Australia/New Zealand | 1,530 | 130 | 1,700 | 140 | (10.0 | ) | (7.1 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Canada | 840 | 150 | 1,200 | 230 | (30.0 | ) | (34.8 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Mexico | 940 | 90 | 1,220 | 110 | (23.0 | ) | (18.2 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Europe | 4,860 | 530 | 6,300 | 650 | (22.9 | ) | (18.5 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Asia | 3,090 | 340 | 2,990 | 330 | 3.3 | 3.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated total | 38,480 | 5,320 | 45,720 | 6,200 | (15.8 | )% | (14.2 | )% | ||||||||||||||||
Use of Non-GAAP Financial Information
Net sales expressed in local currency or net sales adjusted for the impact of foreign currency fluctuation are non-GAAP financial measures. We use these measurements to assess the level of business activity in a foreign market, absent the impact of foreign currency fluctuation relative to the U.S. dollar, which our local management has no ability to influence. This is a meaningful measurement to management, and we believe this is a useful measurement to provide to shareholders.
The following table provides key statistics related to distributor activity by market and should be read in conjunction with the following discussion.
| International | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributor Activity by Market | United States | AUS/NZ | Canada | Mexico | Europe | Asia | — Total | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales in USD (in 000's): | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year ended 12/31/2016 | $ | 35,592 | $ | 1,079 | $ | 1,065 | $ | 530 | $ | 5,491 | $ | 1,756 | $ | 9,921 | ||||||||||||||
| Year ended 12/31/2015 | $ | 40,385 | $ | 1,280 | $ | 1,297 | $ | 719 | $ | 6,192 | $ | 1,896 | $ | 11,384 | ||||||||||||||
| % change in sales-2016 vs. 2015: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in GAAP sales in USD | -11.9 | % | -15.7 | % | -17.9 | % | -26.3 | % | -11.3 | % | -7.4 | % | -12.9 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Due to currency fluctuation | - | -0.9 | % | -3.1 | % | -13.0 | % | -11.3 | % | -3.8 | % | -8.1 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Sales in local currency (non-GAAP) | -11.9 | % | -14.8 | % | -14.8 | % | -13.3 | % | 0.0 | % | -3.6 | % | -4.8 | % | ||||||||||||||
| # of new distributors-2016(1) | 5,553 | 370 | 165 | 389 | 2,110 | 1,720 | 4,754 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| # of new distributors-2015(1) | 8,069 | 533 | 403 | 662 | 3,247 | 1,625 | 6,470 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| % change | -31.2 | % | -30.6 | % | -59.1 | % | -41.2 | % | -35.0 | % | 5.8 | % | -26.5 | % | ||||||||||||||
| # of new Master Affiliates-2016 | 747 | 28 | 22 | 20 | 152 | 129 | 351 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| # of new Master Affiliates-2015 | 1,302 | 28 | 67 | 30 | 185 | 163 | 473 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| % change | -42.6 | % | 0.0 | % | -67.2 | % | -33.3 | % | -17.8 | % | -20.9 | % | -25.8 | % | ||||||||||||||
| # of Product orders-2016 | 145,172 | 6,846 | 3,716 | 3,698 | 20,850 | 12,937 | 48,047 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| # of Product orders-2015 | 167,947 | 8,064 | 4,999 | 4,143 | 24,103 | 11,484 | 52,793 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| % change | -13.6 | % | -15.1 | % | -25.7 | % | -10.7 | % | -13.5 | % | 12.7 | % | -9.0 | % | ||||||||||||||
(1) The new distributor totals for 2016 and 2015 include 3,510 and 2,640, respectively, new worldwide preferred customers.
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United States
| · | Net sales declined in the United States in 2016 compared to the prior-year period. We believe this decrease is due in part to the changes made effective February 1, 2016 to our distributor compensation plan in the United States and Canada. |
| · | Effective February 1, 2016, we updated our distributor compensation plan to introduce a Preferred Customer program and to modify the requirements for a Retail Distributor (entry-level) to advance to the Affiliate distributor level. Advancement to Affiliate distributor entitles a distributor to a higher discount on their purchases and the opportunity to earn retail and wholesale profits. The updates to the distributor compensation plan also included adjustments to a distributor’s group business volume required to achieve the Master Affiliate level. We believe these changes enhance the value of the business opportunity to Master Affiliates and distributors at levels below Master Affiliate; however, we continue to train the distributor field to understand the benefit of these changes and to teach these concepts to their local distributor groups. |
| · | Flagship products in the LunaRich line, including Reliv Now® and LunaRich X™, constituted 18.0% and 15.4% of net sales in the United States, respectively, in 2016 as our marketing continued to focus on these two products. Reliv NOW and LunaRich X represented 18.8% and 15.5%, respectively, of net sales in the United States in 2015. |
| · | Distributor/preferred customer enrollments and new Master Affiliate qualifications decreased by 31.2% and 42.6%, respectively, in 2016 compared to the prior year in response to the changes to the new distributor enrollment process and the increased business volume requirements to reach the Master Affiliate level. |
| · | Distributor retention was 66.9% in 2016 compared to 71.1% for 2015. Distributor retention is determined by the percentage of active distributors from 2015 that renewed their distributorships in 2016. |
| · | Our average order size in 2016 increased by 2.0% to $341 at suggested retail value compared to the prior year. However, the number of product orders decreased by 13.6% in 2016 compared to the prior year for the same reasons as the overall decrease in sales. |
International Operations
| · | The average foreign exchange rate for the U.S. dollar for 2016 was stronger versus all of the local currencies in which we conduct business when compared with the average exchange rates for 2015. |
| · | As a result of the stronger U.S. dollar, we have implemented price increases in all of our international markets. We are also reviewing sales by product to phase out products with lower sales levels and gross margins as strategically appropriate. |
| · | Net sales in Australia/New Zealand decreased by 14.8% in local currency in 2016 compared to the prior year. We instituted price increases effective May 1, 2016, and new distributor/preferred customer enrollments decreased by 30.6% in 2016 compared to the prior year. |
| · | Canadian net sales in 2016 decreased by 14.8% in local currency compared to the prior year as a result of decreased distributor activity in the market. New distributor/preferred customers enrollments and new Master Affiliate qualifications decreased by 59.1% and 67.2%, respectively, in 2016, compared to the prior year as the result of changes to the new distributor enrollment process and increased business volume requirements to reach the Master Affiliate level, similar to the United States. Additionally, we implemented price increases effective April 1, 2016. |
| · | Net sales in Mexico decreased by 13.3% in local currency in 2016 compared to the prior year. We implemented price increases in this market on April 1, 2016, and distributor activity remains down as new distributor enrollments decreased by 41.2% in 2016 compared to the prior year. The decline in the value in the Mexican peso, especially since the U.S. presidential election, puts greater pressure on our gross margins in Mexico and concerns over U.S. policy in Mexico causes uncertainty in the local distributor base regarding the business. |
| · | Net sales in Europe remained level in local currency in 2016 compared to the prior year. Sales have rebounded in the second half of 2016 when compared to Q2 2016 subsequent to a price increase on May 1, 2016. However, we face declining margins subsequent to the drop in the value of the British pound after the Brexit vote on June 23, 2016. New distributor/preferred customer enrollments decreased by 35.0% and new Master Affiliate qualifications decreased by 17.8% in 2016 compared to 2015. |
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| · | Our Asia region consists of sales operations in the Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia. Sales in Asia decreased by 3.6% in local currency in 2016 compared to the prior year. A slight increase in net sales in local currency in the Philippines, our largest Asian market, of 0.4% in 2016 was offset by declines in our other Asian markets. New distributor/preferred customer enrollments increased by 5.8% in 2016 compared to the prior year; however, new Master Affiliate qualifications decreased by 20.9% in 2016. |
Costs and Expenses
The following table sets forth selected results of our operations expressed as a percentage of net sales for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015. Our results of operations for the periods described below are not necessarily indicative of results of operations for future periods.
| 2016 | 2015 | |||||||||||||||
| Statement of Operations data (amounts in thousands) | Amount | % of net sales | Amount | % of net sales | ||||||||||||
| Net sales | $ | 45,513 | 100.0 | % | $ | 51,769 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||
| Costs and expenses: | ||||||||||||||||
| Cost of products sold | 10,024 | 22.0 | 11,086 | 21.4 | ||||||||||||
| Distributor royalties and commissions | 16,095 | 35.4 | 18,410 | 35.6 | ||||||||||||
| Selling, general and adminstrative | 20,206 | 44.4 | 23,547 | 45.5 | ||||||||||||
| Loss from operations | (812 | ) | (1.8 | ) | (1,274 | ) | (2.5 | ) | ||||||||
| Interest income | 107 | 0.2 | 117 | 0.2 | ||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (107 | ) | (0.2 | ) | (114 | ) | (0.2 | ) | ||||||||
| Other income/(expense) | 196 | 0.4 | (192 | ) | (0.4 | ) | ||||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | (616 | ) | (1.4 | ) | (1,463 | ) | (2.9 | ) | ||||||||
| Provision (benefit) for income taxes | 9 | - | (238 | ) | (0.5 | ) | ||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | (625 | ) | (1.4 | )% | $ | (1,225 | ) | (2.4 | )% | ||||||
| Loss per common share-Basic(1) | $ | (0.34 | ) | $ | (0.67 | ) | ||||||||||
| Loss per common share-Diluted(1) | $ | (0.34 | ) | $ | (0.67 | ) | ||||||||||
(1) All per share amounts have been adjusted for the 1-for-7 reverse stock split effective on October 4, 2016.
Cost of Products Sold:
| · | The cost of products sold as a percentage of net sales in 2016 increased by 0.6% compared to the prior-year period. The cost of products sold as a percentage of net sales in 2016 was negatively impacted by lower plant utilization and higher quality control expenses. |
Distributor Royalties and Commissions:
| · | Distributor royalties and commissions as a percentage of net sales for 2016 compared to the prior-year period remained relatively steady. Overall, distributor royalties and commissions remain directly related to the level of our sales and should continue at comparable levels as a percentage of net sales. |
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses:
| · | Selling, general and administrative expenses declined by $3.34 million in 2016 compared to the prior-year period. |
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| · | Salaries, salary-related expenses, and incentive compensation decreased in the aggregate by $1.48 million in 2016, compared to the prior-year period. Total compensation expense decreased as the result of continued headcount reductions in the United States through attrition and a worldwide workforce reduction that took place in May 2016. This headcount reduction program eliminated approximately 9 percent of the company's worldwide employees. The total cost of this program, representing severance and benefits, was approximately $275,000, and was included in the company's operating results for 2016. The aggregate annual salaries of the affected employees were approximately $1.10 million. |
| · | Other general and administrative expenses decreased by $777,000 in 2016 vs. the prior-year period. This reduction was the result of both ongoing expense reductions, coupled with non-recurring expense items. Non-recurring expense items from 2015 include: |
| o | Compensation expense recognized as part of a long-term incentive agreement with our management team in our European subsidiary was $91,000 in 2015. During Q2 2015, this long-term incentive agreement became 100% vested and the participants exercised their put option in the agreement. This incentive agreement is described in Note 13 of the Consolidated Financial Statements. |
| o | In Mexico, we recognized expense of approximately $130,000 during Q2 2015 related to the write-off of VAT credits and VAT paid on behalf of our distributors as part of an amnesty agreement related to the implementation of a new VAT arrangement in that country. |
Significant ongoing expense reductions include:
| o | Consulting, legal, accounting, and other professional fees decreased by $312,000 in 2016 compared to the prior-year period. |
| o | General & administrative travel expenses decreased by $68,000 in 2016 compared to the prior-year period. |
| o | Business insurance expenses decreased by $44,000. |
Offsetting increases include:
| o | Foreign product compliance requirements increased by $101,000 in 2016 compared to the prior-year period. |
| · | Sales and marketing expenses decreased by $1.00 million in 2016 compared to 2015. Components of the decrease include: |
| o | $477,000 decrease in Star Director and other distributor bonuses, credit card fees, and other expenses related to the level of sales. |
| o | $199,000 decrease in distributor conferences and meeting expenses. Most of the decrease was the result of not holding regional conferences in the United States during Q1 2016. |
| o | $149,000 decrease in the cost of our promotional trips and other promotional incentives. |
Other Income/Expense:
| · | The other income in 2016 is primarily the result of foreign currency exchange gains on intercompany debt denominated in U.S. dollars in certain of our subsidiaries. In 2015, we recognized foreign currency exchange losses on the same intercompany debt. |
Income Taxes/Benefit:
| · | We reported income tax expense of $9,000 for 2016, compared to an income tax benefit of $238,000 in 2015. |
| · | During the second quarter of 2016, we determined that it was more likely than not that Federal and various state net operating losses we expect to generate in 2016 will not be realized based on projections of future taxable income and other considerations. Accordingly, as of December 31, 2016, the tax provision for 2016 includes the impact of recording a valuation allowance of $292,000 against the losses generated from a U.S. tax perspective. |
| · | See Note 11 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional detail regarding income taxes, including a reconciliation of the income tax expense/benefit to the U.S. statutory rate for each period. |
Net Income/Loss:
| · | For 2016, we reported a net loss, although smaller compared to the same period in 2015. The impact of the decline in net sales in the United States and other foreign markets was offset by the reduction in selling, general and administrative expenses in 2016. |
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
In 2016, we generated $1.53 million of net cash in operating activities, $70,000 was used in investing activities, and we used $1.02 million in financing activities. This compares to $800,000 used in operating activities, $146,000 used in investing activities, and $733,000 used in financing activities in 2015. Cash and cash equivalents increased by $345,000 to $3.61 million as of December 31, 2016 compared to $3.26 million as of December 31, 2015.
Significant changes in working capital items consisted of a decrease in inventory of $538,000, a decrease in refundable income taxes of $425,000, and an increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses of $405,000 in 2016. The decrease in inventory is the result of a planned decrease in our inventory levels relative to sales, the decrease in refundable income taxes is the result of collecting a refund on the net operating loss carryback from 2015, and the increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses is primarily due to inventory and other purchases related to the launch of our Fit3 product line in late January 2017.
Investing activities during 2016 consisted of $173,000 for net capital expenditures, offset by payments received on a distributor note receivable of $103,000. Financing activities during 2016 consisted of principal payments of $1.02 million on long-term borrowings, including an accelerated final principal payment of $250,000 due under a Technology License Agreement entered into in 2013. See Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a further description. No cash dividends were paid in 2016.
Stockholders’ equity decreased to $14.91 million at December 31, 2016 compared to $15.88 million at December 31, 2015. The decrease is due to our net loss in 2016 of $625,000 coupled with an unfavorable adjustment in foreign currency translation of $396,000. Our working capital balance was $4.31 million at December 31, 2016 compared to $5.08 million at December 31, 2015. The current ratio at December 31, 2016 was 1.93 compared to 2.08 at December 31, 2015.
On September 30, 2015, we entered into a series of agreements with a new primary lender which included agreements for a $3.25 million term loan and a $3.5 million revolving credit facility. These lending agreements replaced similar borrowings under agreements with our former primary lender.
The $3.25 million term loan is for a period of three years and requires monthly term loan payments, under a ten-year amortization, consisting of principal of $27,080 plus interest with a balloon payment for the outstanding balance due and payable on September 30, 2018. The term loan's interest rate is based on the 30-day LIBOR plus 2.25% and was 2.78% at December 31, 2016.
The proceeds from the new $3.25 million term loan were used to pay off the outstanding term loan and revolving line of credit balances, plus accrued interest, due under loan agreements with our former primary lender. Borrowings under the new lending agreements are secured by all our tangible and intangible assets, a whole life insurance policy on the life of our Chief Executive Officer, and by a mortgage on the real estate of our headquarters.
The $3.5 million revolving line of credit agreement accrues interest at a floating interest rate based on the 30-day LIBOR plus 2.25% and was renewed on September 30, 2016, with a new maturity date of April 30, 2018. As of December 31, 2016, there were no outstanding borrowings on the revolving line of credit.
The original September 30, 2015 lending agreements include a quarterly covenant requiring us to maintain net tangible worth of not less than $9.5 million. The September 30, 2016 revolving line of credit agreement extension adds a quarterly financial covenant under which we will have: i) a quarterly minimum requirement of earnings before interest expense, income tax expense, depreciation, and amortization ("EBITDA") of $200,000 for the quarter ended December 31, 2016; ii) a cumulative minimum EBITDA requirement of $200,000, $400,000, $600,000, and $800,000 for the fiscal periods ending March 31, 2017, June 30, 2017, September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2017, respectively; and iii) a minimum EBITDA of $200,000 for the quarter ended March 31, 2018.
As defined, EBITDA means our consolidated net income for such period, before interest expense, income tax expense, depreciation and amortization, and management fees, and further adjusted to exclude any gain or loss on the sale of assets, other extraordinary gains or losses, and any one-time adjustment approved by the lender.
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At December 31, 2016, we were in compliance with all applicable covenants.
Management believes that our cash on hand, internally generated funds, and revolving line of credit extension will be sufficient to meet working capital requirements and our debt service requirements for the next twelve months.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our financial statements are based on the selection and application of significant accounting policies, which require management to make significant estimates and assumptions. We believe that the following are some of the more critical judgment areas in the application of our accounting policies that currently affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Revenue
We receive payment by credit card, personal check, or guaranteed funds for orders from independent distributors and make related commission payments in the following month. Net sales reflect product sales at suggested retail price less the distributor discount of 10% to 40%. Sales revenue and commission expenses are recorded when the merchandise is shipped, as this is the point title and risk of loss pass. In accordance with FASB ASC, Topic 650-50, “Revenue Recognition-Customer Payments and Incentives,” we present distributor royalty and commission expense as an operating expense, rather than a reduction to net sales, as these payments are not made to the purchasing distributor.
Actual and estimated returns are classified as a reduction of net sales. We estimate and accrue a reserve for product returns based on our return policy and historical experience. Our return policy allows for a distributor to return product only upon termination of his or her distributorship. Allowable returns are limited to saleable product which was purchased within twelve months of the termination for a refund of 100% of the original purchase price less any distributor royalties and commission received relating to the original purchase of the returned products. Total returns have been approximately 0.20% and 0.24% of net sales in 2016 and 2015, respectively. We record handling and freight income as a component of net sales and record handling and freight costs as a component of cost of products sold. Total revenues do not include sales tax as we consider ourselves a pass-through conduit for collecting and remitting applicable sales taxes.
Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market. Product cost includes raw material, labor and overhead costs and is accounted for using the first-in, first-out basis. On a periodic basis, we review our inventory levels in each country for estimated obsolescence or unmarketable items, as compared to future demand requirements and the shelf life of the various products. Based on this review, we record inventory write-downs when costs exceed expected net realizable value. Historically, our estimates of obsolete or unmarketable items have been materially accurate.
Sales aids and promotional materials inventories represent distributor kits, product brochures, and other sales and business development materials which are held for sale to distributors. Costs of the sales aids and promotional materials held for sale are capitalized as inventories and subsequently recorded to cost of goods sold upon recognition of revenue when sold to distributors. All other advertising and promotional costs are expensed when incurred.
Legal Proceedings
In the ordinary course of business, we are subject to various legal proceedings, including lawsuits and other claims related to labor, product and other matters. We are required to assess the likelihood of adverse judgments and outcomes to these matters as well as the range of potential loss. Such assessments are required to determine whether a loss contingency reserve is required under the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 450, “Contingencies,” and to determine the amount of required reserves, if any. These assessments are subjective in nature. Management makes these assessments for each individual matter based on consultation with outside counsel and based on prior experience with similar claims. To the extent additional information becomes available or our strategies or assessments change, our estimates of potential liability for a given matter may change. Changes to estimates of liability would result in a corresponding additional charge or benefit recognized in the statement of operations in the period in which such changes become known. We recognize the costs associated with legal defense in the periods incurred. Accordingly, the future costs of defending claims are not included in our estimated liability.
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Income Tax Matters
We account for income taxes in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes,” (ASC Topic 740) which requires that deferred tax assets and liabilities be recognized using enacted tax rates for the effect of temporary differences between the book and tax bases of recorded assets and liabilities. ASC Topic 740 also requires that deferred tax assets be reduced by a valuation allowance if it is “more likely than not” that some portion or the entire deferred tax asset will not be realized. In our quarterly evaluation of the need for a valuation allowance, we consider and weigh both positive and negative factors, including the expected level of future taxable income and available tax planning strategies. If actual results differ from the assumptions made in our previous evaluation of our valuation allowance, we may record a change in valuation allowance through income tax expense in the period this determination is made.
The calculations of our tax liabilities involve dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax regulations. We recognize liabilities for uncertain tax positions based on the two-step process prescribed in the guidance under ASC Topic 740. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step requires us to estimate and measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. It is inherently difficult and subjective to estimate such amounts, as we have to determine the probability of various possible outcomes. We reevaluate these uncertain tax positions on a quarterly basis. This evaluation is based on factors including, but not limited to, changes in facts or circumstances, changes in tax law, effectively settled issues under audit, or new audit activity. Such a change in recognition or measurement would result in the recognition of a tax benefit or an additional charge to the tax provision.
During the second quarter of 2016, we determined that it was more likely than not that U.S. federal and various state net operating losses primarily generated in 2016 will not be realized based on projections of future U.S. taxable income, estimated reversals of existing taxable timing differences, and other considerations. This determination was affirmed as of December 31, 2016. Accordingly, the 2016 income tax provision includes the impact of recording a full deferred tax asset valuation allowance of approximately $292,000 against the 2016 losses generated from a U.S. tax perspective.
At December 31, 2016, we had deferred tax assets related to net operating loss carryforwards and other income tax credits in our foreign operations with a tax value of $3.2 million. These net operating loss carryforwards have various expiration dates, depending on the country and period in which they occurred. A valuation allowance of $2.7 million has been established for these deferred tax assets based on the weight of positive and negative evidence considered, including history of income or loss, projected future taxable income, availability of tax planning strategies and the expiration dates of these carryforwards. In 2014, we recorded a tax benefit of $758,000 due to a reduction of the valuation allowance related to deferred tax assets for net operating losses of approximately $3.6 million in our United Kingdom subsidiary. Based on our assessment, we reduced the United Kingdom’s NOL valuation allowance because the weight of evidence regarding the future realizability of the deferred tax assets had become predominantly positive and realization of the deferred tax assets was more likely than not. The positive evidence considered primarily related to three years of consistent profitability while the only negative evidence was historical losses prior to 2012 for this subsidiary. As of December 31, 2016 the net deferred tax asset attributable to the United Kingdom subsidiary’s net operating loss carryforward was $487,000.
Current-Year Adoption of Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Discussion regarding our adoption of accounting pronouncements is included in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
| 28 |
Item No. 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Reference is made to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part IV hereof.
Item No. 9 - Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None
Item No. 9A - Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2016. Based on such review and evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2016, to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (a) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time period specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (b) is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Our management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the 2013 framework in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. This evaluation included review of the documentation of controls, evaluation of the design effectiveness of controls, testing of the operating effectiveness of controls and a conclusion on this evaluation. Although there are inherent limitations in the effectiveness of any system of internal control over financial reporting, based on our evaluation, management has concluded our internal controls over financial reporting were effective as of December 31, 2016.
Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm
This annual report does not include an attestation report of the company’s independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by the company’s independent registered public accounting firm as the company is classified as a “Smaller Reporting Company.”
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no material changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the fourth quarter of 2016 that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal controls over financial reporting.
Item No. 9B - Other Information
None
| 29 |
Item No. 10 - Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Information called for by Item 10 of Part III is incorporated by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement for the 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 25, 2017, which is expected to be filed with the Commission within 120 days after December 31, 2016.
Item No. 11 - Executive Compensation
Information called for by Item 11 of Part III is incorporated by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement for the 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 25, 2017, which is expected to be filed with the Commission within 120 days after December 31, 2016.
Item No. 12 - Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Information called for by Item 12 of Part III is incorporated by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement for the 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 25, 2017, which is expected to be filed with the Commission within 120 days after December 31, 2016.
Item No. 13 - Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Information called for by Item 13 of Part III is incorporated by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement for the 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 25, 2017, which is expected to be filed with the Commission within 120 days after December 31, 2016.
Item No. 14 - Principal Accountant Fees and Services
Information called for by Item 14 of Part III is incorporated by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement for the 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 25, 2017, which is expected to be filed with the Commission within 120 days after December 31, 2016.
Item No. 15 - Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
| (a) | 1. | The Consolidated Financial Statements filed as part of this report on Form 10-K are listed on the accompanying Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Consolidated Financial Statement Schedules. | |
| 2. | Financial schedules required to be filed by Item 8 of this form, and by Item 15(d) below: | ||
| All other financial schedules are not required under the related instructions or are inapplicable and therefore have been omitted. | |||
| 3. | Exhibits: See the Exhibit Index immediately following the signature page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. |
| 30 |
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| RELIV’ INTERNATIONAL, INC. | |
| By: | /s/ Robert L. Montgomery |
| Robert L. Montgomery, Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer | |
Date: March 28, 2017
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| By: | /s/ Robert L. Montgomery | |
| Robert L. Montgomery, Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer | ||
| Date: March 28, 2017 | ||
| By: | /s/ Steven D. Albright | |
| Steven D. Albright, Chief Financial Officer (and accounting officer) | ||
| Date: March 28, 2017 | ||
| By: | /s/ Carl W. Hastings | |
| Carl W. Hastings, Vice Chairman, Chief Scientific Officer, Director | ||
| Date: March 28, 2017 | ||
| By: | /s/ John B. Akin | |
| John B. Akin, Director | ||
| Date: March 28, 2017 | ||
| By: | /s/ Robert M. Henry | |
| Robert M. Henry, Director | ||
| Date: March 28, 2017 | ||
| By: | /s/ John M. Klimek | |
| John M. Klimek, Director | ||
| Date: March 28, 2017 | ||
| 31 |
Exhibit Index
| Exhibit | ||
| Number | Document | |
| 3.1 | Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Appendix B of Schedule 14A of the Registrant filed on April 17, 2003). | |
| 3.2 | Certificate of Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (filed herewith) | |
| 3.3 | By-Laws (incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form S-3 of the Registrant filed on February 21, 2006). | |
| 3.4 | Amendment to By-Laws dated March 22, 2001 (incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form S-3 of the Registrant filed on February 21, 2006). | |
| 3.5 | Certificate of Designation to Create a Class of Series A Preferred Stock for Reliv’ International, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Form 10-Q of the Registrant for quarter ended March 31, 2003). | |
| 4.1 | Form of Reliv International, Inc. common stock certificate (incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form S-3 of the Registrant filed on February 21, 2006). | |
| 10.1 | Amended Exclusive License Agreement with Theodore P. Kalogris dated December 1, 1991 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 10-K of the Registrant for the year ended December 31, 1992). | |
| 10.2* | Robert L. Montgomery Employment Agreement dated June 19, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K of the Registrant filed June 25, 2007). | |
| 10.3* | Carl W. Hastings Employment Agreement dated March 31, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K of the Registrant filed April 3, 2014). | |
| 10.4* | Reliv’ International, Inc. Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan dated June 1, 1998 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to the Form10-K of the Registrant for year ended December 31, 1998). | |
| 10.5* | Reliv International, Inc. Employee Stock Ownership Plan and Trust dated August 24, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K of the Registrant filed August 30, 2006). | |
| 10.6* | 2009 Distributor Stock Purchase Plan (incorporated by reference to Appendix 1 of Form S-3 Registration Statement the Registrant filed July 1, 2009). | |
| 10.7* | 2009 Incentive Stock Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form S-8 Registration Statement the Registrant filed December 2, 2010). | |
| 10.8* | 2014 Incentive Stock Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form S-8 Registration Statement the Registrant filed November 19, 2014). | |
| 10.9* | Reliv International, Inc. Incentive Compensation Plan effective January 1, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K of the Registrant filed May 31, 2007). | |
| 10.10* | R. Scott Montgomery Employment Agreement dated January 2, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K of the Registrant filed January 4, 2008). |
| 32 |
| 10.11* | Ryan A. Montgomery Employment Agreement dated January 2, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Form 8-K of the Registrant filed January 4, 2008). | |
| 10.12* | Steven G. Hastings Employment Agreement dated January 2, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Form 8-K of the Registrant filed January 4, 2008). | |
| 10.13* | Steven D. Albright Employment Agreement dated January 2, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Form 8-K of the Registrant filed January 4, 2008). | |
| 10.14* | Brett M. Hastings Employment Agreement dated January 2, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Form 8-K of the Registrant filed January 4, 2008). | |
| 10.15 | Loan Sale Agreement between 2010-1 RADC/CADC Venture, LLC and Reliv International, Inc. dated March 16, 2012 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 10-Q of the Registrant for the quarter ended March 31, 2012). | |
| 10.16 | Technology License Agreement by and between SL Technology, Inc. and Soy Labs, LLC dated July 23, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K of the Registrant filed July 25, 2013). | |
| 10.17 | Agreement by and among Reliv International, Inc., SL Technology, Inc., Soy Labs, LLC and 1Soy, Inc. dated July 23, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Form 8-K of the Registrant filed July 25, 2013). | |
| 10.18 | Letter agreement between SL Technology, Inc. and Soy Labs, LLC dated September 2, 2016 (filed herewith). | |
| 10.19 | Promissory Note (term loan) dated September 30, 2015 among Reliv International, Inc., Reliv, Inc., Reliv World Corporation, and SL Technology, Inc., as Borrowers and Enterprise Bank & Trust (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 10-Q of the Registrant filed November 13, 2015). | |
| 10.20 | Promissory Note (revolving credit facility) dated September 30, 2015 among Reliv International, Inc., Reliv, Inc., Reliv World Corporation, and SL Technology, Inc., as Borrowers and Enterprise Bank & Trust (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Form 10-Q of the Registrant filed November 13, 2015). | |
| 10.21 | Business Loan Agreement dated September 30, 2015 among Reliv International, Inc., Reliv, Inc., Reliv World Corporation, and SL Technology, Inc., as Borrowers and Enterprise Bank & Trust (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Form 10-Q of the Registrant filed November 13, 2015). | |
| 10.22 | Deed of Trust dated September 30, 2015 between Reliv International, Inc. as Grantor and Enterprise Bank & Trust (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Form 10-Q of the Registrant filed November 13, 2015). | |
| 10.23 | First Amendment to Loan Agreement dated September 30, 2016 among Reliv International, Inc., Reliv, Inc., Reliv World Corporation, and SL Technology, Inc., as Borrowers and Enterprise Bank & Trust (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 10-Q of the Registrant filed November 14, 2016). | |
| 10.24 | Change in Terms Agreement (revolving credit facility) dated September 30, 2016 among Reliv International, Inc., Reliv, Inc., Reliv World Corporation, and SL Technology, Inc., as Borrowers and Enterprise Bank & Trust (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Form 10-Q of the Registrant filed November 14, 2016). |
| 33 |
| 11 | Statement re: computation of per share earnings (incorporated by reference to Note 8 of the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part IV). | |
| 21 | Subsidiaries of the Registrant (filed herewith). | |
| 23 | Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (filed herewith). | |
| 31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended (filed herewith). | |
| 31.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended (filed herewith). | |
| 32 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith). | |
| 101 | Interactive Data Files, including the following materials from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, formatted in XBRL: (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Net Loss and Comprehensive Loss, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (v) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. |
*Indicates management compensation plan, contract or arrangement.
| 34 |
Reliv’ International, Inc.
and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Financial Statements
Years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015
Contents
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders
Reliv’ International, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Reliv’ International, Inc. and Subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of net loss and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2016. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. We were not engaged to perform an audit of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Reliv’ International, Inc. and Subsidiaries at December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2016, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
St. Louis, Missouri
March 28, 2017
| F-1 |
Reliv’ International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets
| December 31 | ||||||||
| 2016 | 2015 | |||||||
| Assets | ||||||||
| Current assets: | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 3,606,817 | $ | 3,262,263 | ||||
| Accounts receivable, less allowances of $26,700 in 2016 and $30,200 in 2015 | 126,113 | 89,376 | ||||||
| Accounts due from employees and distributors | 139,931 | 134,668 | ||||||
| Inventories: | ||||||||
| Finished goods | 2,629,541 | 3,657,612 | ||||||
| Raw materials | 1,728,136 | 1,382,635 | ||||||
| Sales aids and promotional materials | 130,153 | 132,475 | ||||||
| Total inventories | 4,487,830 | 5,172,722 | ||||||
| Refundable income taxes | 97,194 | 522,035 | ||||||
| Deferred income taxes | - | 66,000 | ||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 474,183 | 552,645 | ||||||
| Total current assets | 8,932,068 | 9,799,709 | ||||||
| Other assets | 305,137 | 285,153 | ||||||
| Cash surrender value of life insurance | 2,965,981 | 2,848,232 | ||||||
| Note receivable due from distributor | 1,521,005 | 1,630,164 | ||||||
| Deferred income taxes | 487,000 | 623,000 | ||||||
| Intangible assets, net | 2,400,234 | 2,655,647 | ||||||
| Property, plant, and equipment | 18,600,665 | 18,766,218 | ||||||
| Less accumulated depreciation | 12,746,363 | 12,347,091 | ||||||
| Property, plant, and equipment, net | 5,854,302 | 6,419,127 | ||||||
| Total assets | $ | 22,465,727 | $ | 24,261,032 | ||||
| F-2 |
Reliv’ International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets (continued)
| December 31 | ||||||||
| 2016 | 2015 | |||||||
| Liabilities and stockholders’ equity | ||||||||
| Current liabilities: | ||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | 4,234,305 | $ | 3,937,752 | ||||
| Current maturities of long-term debt | 389,096 | 781,505 | ||||||
| Total current liabilities | 4,623,401 | 4,719,257 | ||||||
| Noncurrent liabilities: | ||||||||
| Long-term debt, less current maturities | 2,518,341 | 3,159,575 | ||||||
| Noncurrent deferred income taxes | - | 94,000 | ||||||
| Other noncurrent liabilities | 409,813 | 405,705 | ||||||
| Total noncurrent liabilities | 2,928,154 | 3,659,280 | ||||||
| Stockholders’ equity: | ||||||||
| Preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share; 3,000,000 shares authorized; -0- shares issued and outstanding in 2016 and 2015 | - | - | ||||||
| Common stock, par value $0.001 per share; 30,000,000 shares authorized, 2,110,013 shares issued and 1,845,160 shares outstanding in 2016; 2,110,436 shares issued and 1,845,583 shares outstanding in 2015 | 2,110 | 2,110 | ||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 30,565,144 | 30,512,480 | ||||||
| Accumulated deficit | (9,284,317 | ) | (8,659,262 | ) | ||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss: | ||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | (1,030,205 | ) | (634,273 | ) | ||||
| Treasury stock | (5,338,560 | ) | (5,338,560 | ) | ||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | 14,914,172 | 15,882,495 | ||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 22,465,727 | $ | 24,261,032 | ||||
See accompanying notes.
| F-3 |
Reliv’ International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Net Loss
and Comprehensive Loss
| Year ended December 31 | ||||||||
| 2016 | 2015 | |||||||
| Product sales | $ | 42,004,961 | $ | 47,759,553 | ||||
| Handling & freight income | 3,507,875 | 4,009,304 | ||||||
| Net sales | 45,512,836 | 51,768,857 | ||||||
| Costs and expenses: | ||||||||
| Cost of products sold | 10,024,021 | 11,086,152 | ||||||
| Distributor royalties and commissions | 16,095,032 | 18,410,190 | ||||||
| Selling, general, and administrative | 20,205,762 | 23,546,926 | ||||||
| Loss from operations | (811,979 | ) | (1,274,411 | ) | ||||
| Other income (expense): | ||||||||
| Interest income | 107,006 | 117,027 | ||||||
| Interest expense | (106,682 | ) | (113,881 | ) | ||||
| Other income (expense) | 195,600 | (191,402 | ) | |||||
| Loss before income taxes | (616,055 | ) | (1,462,667 | ) | ||||
| Provision (benefit) for income taxes | 9,000 | (238,000 | ) | |||||
| Net loss available to common shareholders | $ | (625,055 | ) | $ | (1,224,667 | ) | ||
| Other comprehensive income (loss): | ||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | (395,932 | ) | (68,435 | ) | ||||
| Comprehensive loss | $ | (1,020,987 | ) | $ | (1,293,102 | ) | ||
| Loss per common share - Basic | ($ | 0.34 | ) | ($ | 0.67 | ) | ||
| Weighted average shares | 1,845,000 | 1,839,000 | ||||||
| Loss per common share - Diluted | ($ | 0.34 | ) | ($ | 0.67 | ) | ||
| Weighted average shares | 1,845,000 | 1,839,000 | ||||||
2015 loss per common share has been restated for the 2016 reverse stock split; see Note 7.
See accompanying notes.
| F-4 |
Reliv’ International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
| Accumulated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additional | Other | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock | Paid-In | Accumulated | Comprehensive | Treasury Stock | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Capital | Deficit | Loss | Shares | Amount | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2014 | 2,096,150 | $ | 2,096 | $ | 30,334,175 | $ | (7,434,595 | ) | $ | (565,838 | ) | 264,853 | $ | (5,338,560 | ) | $ | 16,997,278 | |||||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | - | - | (1,224,667 | ) | - | - | - | (1,224,667 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss): | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | - | - | - | - | (68,435 | ) | - | - | (68,435 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total comprehensive loss | (1,293,102 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock issued (Note 13) | 14,286 | 14 | 116,986 | - | - | - | - | 117,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | - | - | 63,064 | - | - | - | - | 63,064 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expired stock options & warrants; deferred tax effect | - | - | (1,745 | ) | - | - | - | - | (1,745 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2015 | 2,110,436 | 2,110 | 30,512,480 | (8,659,262 | ) | (634,273 | ) | 264,853 | (5,338,560 | ) | 15,882,495 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | - | - | (625,055 | ) | - | - | - | (625,055 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss): | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | - | - | - | - | (395,932 | ) | - | - | (395,932 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total comprehensive loss | (1,020,987 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | - | - | 60,342 | - | - | - | - | 60,342 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expired stock options & warrants; deferred tax effect | - | - | (5,467 | ) | - | - | - | - | (5,467 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock repurchased and retired | (423 | ) | - | (2,211 | ) | - | - | - | - | (2,211 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2016 | 2,110,013 | $ | 2,110 | $ | 30,565,144 | $ | (9,284,317 | ) | $ | (1,030,205 | ) | 264,853 | $ | (5,338,560 | ) | $ | 14,914,172 | |||||||||||||||
Applicable 2015 and 2014 amounts have been restated for the 2016 reverse stock split; see Note 7.
See accompanying notes.
| F-5 |
Reliv’ International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
| Year ended December 31 | ||||||||
| 2016 | 2015 | |||||||
| Operating activities | ||||||||
| Net loss | $ | (625,055 | ) | $ | (1,224,667 | ) | ||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: | ||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 984,031 | 1,003,096 | ||||||
| Stock-based compensation | 60,342 | 63,064 | ||||||
| Non-cash life insurance policy accretion | (117,750 | ) | (100,288 | ) | ||||
| Deferred income taxes | (3,000 | ) | 92,000 | |||||
| Foreign currency transaction (gain)/loss | (147,623 | ) | 109,491 | |||||
| (Increase) decrease in accounts receivable and accounts due from employees and distributors | (39,282 | ) | 156,865 | |||||
| (Increase) decrease in inventories | 537,665 | (138,490 | ) | |||||
| (Increase) decrease in refundable income taxes | 425,099 | (264,243 | ) | |||||
| (Increase) decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets | 66,014 | 95,861 | ||||||
| (Increase) decrease in other assets | (19,936 | ) | 10,776 | |||||
| Increase (decrease) in accounts payable & accrued expenses and other non-current liabilities | 404,767 | (603,020 | ) | |||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 1,525,272 | (799,555 | ) | |||||
| Investing activities | ||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of property, plant, and equipment | 912 | 7,281 | ||||||
| Purchase of property, plant, and equipment | (173,903 | ) | (250,284 | ) | ||||
| Payments received on distributor note receivable | 102,818 | 96,845 | ||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (70,173 | ) | (146,158 | ) | ||||
| Financing activities | ||||||||
| Repayment of revolving line of credit borrowings | - | (500,000 | ) | |||||
| Proceeds from long-term borrowings | - | 3,249,501 | ||||||
| Principal payments on long-term borrowings | (1,017,367 | ) | (3,482,561 | ) | ||||
| Purchase of stock for treasury | (2,211 | ) | - | |||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | (1,019,578 | ) | (733,060 | ) | ||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | (90,967 | ) | (48,356 | ) | ||||
| Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 344,554 | (1,727,129 | ) | |||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | 3,262,263 | 4,989,392 | ||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | $ | 3,606,817 | $ | 3,262,263 | ||||
| F-6 |
Reliv’ International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (continued)
| Year ended December 31 | ||||||||
| 2016 | 2015 | |||||||
| Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: | ||||||||
| Cash paid during the year for: | ||||||||
| Interest | $ | 94,100 | $ | 87,710 | ||||
| Income taxes paid (received), net | $ | (398,900 | ) | $ | (68,000 | ) | ||
| Noncash financing transactions (Note 13): | ||||||||
| Issuance of promissory notes | $ | - | $ | 424,000 | ||||
| Issuance of company common stock | $ | - | $ | 117,000 | ||||
See accompanying notes.
| F-7 |
Reliv’ International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2016
1. Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies
Nature of Business
Reliv’ International, Inc. (the Company) produces a proprietary line of nutritional supplements addressing basic nutrition, specific wellness needs, weight management, and sports nutrition. These products are sold by subsidiaries of the Company to a sales force of independent distributors of the Company that sell products directly to consumers. The Company and its subsidiaries sell products to distributors throughout the United States and in Australia, Austria, Canada, France, Germany, Indonesia, Ireland, Malaysia, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, and the United Kingdom.
Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its foreign and domestic subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
On October 4, 2016, the Company effected a 1-for-7 reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock. Each stockholder’s percentage ownership and proportional voting power remained unchanged as a result of the reverse stock split. All applicable share data, per share amounts, and related information in these consolidated financial statements and notes thereto have been adjusted retroactively to give effect to the 1-for-7 reverse stock split.
Cash Equivalents
The Company's policy is to consider the following as cash and cash equivalents: demand deposits and short-term investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased.
Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market. Product cost includes raw materials, labor, and overhead costs and is accounted for on a first-in, first-out basis. On a periodic basis, the Company reviews its inventory levels, as compared to future demand requirements and the shelf life of the various products. Based on this review, the Company records inventory write-downs when necessary.
Sales aids and promotional materials inventories represent distributor kits, product brochures, and other sales and business development materials which are held for sale to distributors. Cost of the sales aids and promotional materials held for sale are capitalized as inventories and subsequently recorded to cost of goods sold upon recognition of revenue when sold to distributors. All other advertising and promotional costs are expensed when incurred.
| F-8 |
Reliv’ International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
1. Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
Property, Plant, and Equipment
Property, plant, and equipment are stated on the cost basis. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line or an accelerated method over the useful life of the related assets. Generally, computer equipment and software are depreciated over 3 to 5 years, office equipment and machinery over 7 years, and real property over 39 years.
Foreign Currency Translation and Transaction Gains or Losses
All balance sheet accounts have been translated using the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Statements of net income (loss) amounts have been translated using the average exchange rate for the year. The gains and losses resulting from the changes in exchange rates from year to year have been reported in other comprehensive income (loss). The foreign currency translation adjustment is the only component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. If applicable, foreign currency translation adjustments exclude income tax expense (benefit) as certain of the Company’s investments in non-U.S. subsidiaries are deemed to be reinvested for an indefinite period of time. Foreign currency transaction gains (losses) were $147,623 and $(109,491) for 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share
Basic earnings per common share are computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per common share are computed using the weighted average number of common shares and potential dilutive common shares that were outstanding during the period. Potential dilutive common shares consist of outstanding stock options, outstanding stock warrants, and convertible preferred stock. See Note 8 for additional information regarding earnings per share.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company has stock-based incentive plans under which it may grant stock option, restricted stock, and unrestricted stock awards. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense based on the grant date fair value of the award and the related vesting terms. Depending upon the characteristics of the option, the fair value of stock-based awards is primarily determined using the Black-Scholes model, which incorporates assumptions and management estimates including the risk-free interest rate, expected volatility, expected option life, and dividend yield. See Note 7 for additional information.
The Company accounts for options granted to non-employees and warrants granted to distributors under the fair value approach required by FASB ASC Topic 505-50, “Equity Based Payments to Non-Employees.”
| F-9 |
Reliv’ International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
1. Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
Revenue Recognition
The Company receives payment by credit card, personal check, or guaranteed funds for orders from independent distributors and makes related commission payments in the following month. Generally, net sales reflect product sales less the distributor discount of 20 percent to 40 percent of the suggested retail price. Sales revenue and commission expenses are recorded when the merchandise is shipped, as this is the point title and risk of loss pass to the distributor. In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 605-50, “Revenue Recognition – Customer Payments and Incentives,” the Company presents distributor royalty and commission expense as an operating expense, rather than a reduction to net sales, as these payments are not made to the purchasing distributor.
Actual and estimated sales returns are classified as a reduction of net sales. The Company estimates and accrues a reserve for product returns based on the Company’s return policy and historical experience. The Company’s return policy allows for distributors to return product only upon termination of his or her distributorship. Allowable returns are limited to saleable product which was purchased within twelve months of the termination for a refund of 100% of the original purchase price less any distributor royalties and commission received relating to the original purchase of the returned products. For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, total returns as a percent of net sales were approximately 0.20% and 0.24%, respectively.
The Company records handling and freight income as a component of net sales and records handling and freight costs as a component of cost of products sold. Total net sales do not include sales tax as the Company considers itself a pass-through conduit for collecting and remitting applicable sales taxes.
Fair Value Measurements
FASB ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and requires disclosures about fair value measurements required under other accounting pronouncements. See Note 5 for further discussion.
Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes is computed using the liability method. The primary differences between financial statement and taxable income result from financial statement accruals and reserves and differences between depreciation and stock options for book and tax purposes.
Unrecognized tax benefits are accounted for as required by FASB ASC Topic 740 which prescribes a more likely than not threshold for financial statement presentation and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. See Note 11 for further discussion.
| F-10 |
Reliv’ International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
1. Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
Advertising
Costs of sales aids and promotional materials are capitalized as inventories. All other advertising and promotional costs are expensed when incurred. The Company recorded $36,900 and $18,500 of advertising expense in 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses, which are charged to selling, general, and administrative expenses as incurred, were $694,000 and $765,000 in 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Amortizable Intangible Assets
The Company records intangible assets based on management’s determination of the fair value of the respective assets at the time of acquisition. Determining the fair value of intangible assets is judgmental and involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions of future company operations. The Company bases its fair value estimates and related asset lives on assumptions it believes to be reasonable but that are unpredictable and inherently uncertain. Actual future results may differ from these estimates.
Intangible assets estimated to have finite lives are amortized over their estimated economic life under the straight-line method; such method correlates to management’s estimate of the assets’ economic benefit. Based on management’s estimates at origination, these lives range from two to seventeen years. Related amortization expense is presented within Selling, General, and Administrative in the accompanying consolidated statements of net loss and comprehensive loss. As of December 31, 2016, remaining lives of intangible assets range from eight to thirteen years.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
| F-11 |
Reliv’ International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
1. Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
New Accounting Pronouncements
In November 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes, which requires all deferred income tax assets and liabilities to be classified as non-current on the balance sheet, rather than being separated into current and non-current amounts. The new standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016 with early adoption permitted. The Company early adopted ASU No. 2015-17 as of December 31, 2016. The prospective adoption of this guidance resulted in the classification of all deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities as non-current on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016. Prior periods were not reclassified.
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The ASU will replace most existing U.S. GAAP revenue recognition guidance and becomes effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. The new standard permits the use of either the retrospective or modified retrospective transition method. The Company anticipates adopting this guidance in the first quarter of fiscal 2018. The Company’s primary source of revenue is from the sale of nutritional products to the Company’s independent distributors whereby revenue is currently recognized when product is shipped and risk of loss has passed to the customer. Upon adoption of this new standard, the Company believes that the timing of revenue recognition related to nutritional product sales will remain materially consistent with its current practice. Based on the evaluation completed to date, the Company has identified membership fee-type revenue and sales incentive programs as areas that may be affected by the new standard; and these areas require further evaluation. Overall, the Company continues to evaluate the adoption of this standard, including the transition method, will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11, Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory, which requires inventory within the scope of this update to be measured at the lower of its cost or net realizable value, with net realizable value being the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. The new standard is effective prospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016 and will be adopted by the Company in the first quarter of 2017. The Company does not anticipate that the adoption of this standard will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
| F-12 |
Reliv’ International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
1. Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
New Accounting Pronouncements (continued)
In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern, which requires management to assess, at each annual and interim reporting period, the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year from the date the financial statements are issued and provide related disclosures. As required, the Company adopted this standard as of December 31, 2016. The Company’s adoption of this standard did not have any impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-2, Leases (Topic 842) which supersedes the existing lease guidance. This update requires lessees to recognize a lease liability and a lease asset for all leases, including operating leases, with a term greater than twelve months on its balance sheet. The update also expands the required quantitative and qualitative disclosures surrounding leases. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within those fiscal years, with earlier application permitted. The Company expects the adoption of this standard to result in the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities not currently recorded in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company is evaluating its transition method and other effects that the new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. This amendment is intended to simplify several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liability, forfeitures, and classification on the statement of cash flows. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016 and will be adopted by the Company in the first quarter of 2017. The Company does not anticipate that the adoption of this standard will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
| F-13 |
Reliv’ International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
2. Property, Plant, and Equipment
Property, plant, and equipment at December 31, 2016 and 2015, consist of the following:
| 2016 | 2015 | |||||||
| Land and land improvements | $ | 905,190 | $ | 905,190 | ||||
| Building | 9,943,512 | 9,951,555 | ||||||
| Machinery and equipment | 4,329,329 | 4,344,403 | ||||||
| Office equipment | 1,203,868 | 1,223,921 | ||||||
| Computer equipment and software | 2,218,766 | 2,341,149 | ||||||
| 18,600,665 | 18,766,218 | |||||||
| Less accumulated depreciation | 12,746,363 | 12,347,091 | ||||||
| $ | 5,854,302 | $ | 6,419,127 | |||||
For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, depreciation expense was $728,618 and $732,968, respectively.
3. Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses
Accounts payable and accrued expenses at December 31, 2016 and 2015, consist of the following:
| 2016 | 2015 | |||||||
| Trade payables | $ | 2,352,692 | $ | 1,859,716 | ||||
| Distributors' commissions | 1,402,370 | 1,567,883 | ||||||
| Sales taxes | 234,153 | 232,996 | ||||||
| Payroll and payroll taxes | 245,090 | 277,157 | ||||||
| $ | 4,234,305 | $ | 3,937,752 | |||||
4. Amortizable Intangible Assets
The Company had amortizable intangible assets as follows as of December 31, 2016 and 2015:
| Accumulated | ||||||||||||||||
| Gross Carrying Amount | Amortization | |||||||||||||||
| 2016 | 2015 | 2016 | 2015 | |||||||||||||
| Distributorship and related agreements | $ | 2,060,000 | $ | 2,060,000 | $ | 1,217,689 | $ | 1,078,394 | ||||||||
| Lunasin technology license | 1,954,661 | 1,954,661 | 396,738 | 280,620 | ||||||||||||
| $ | 4,014,661 | $ | 4,014,661 | $ | 1,614,427 | $ | 1,359,014 | |||||||||
| F-14 |
Reliv’ International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
4. Amortizable Intangible Assets (continued)
Amortization expense for intangible assets totaled $255,413 and $270,128 in 2016 and 2015, respectively. Amortization expense for amortizable intangible assets over the next five years is estimated to be:
| Intangible | ||||
| Amortization | ||||
| 2017 | $ | 226,000 | ||
| 2018 | 226,000 | |||
| 2019 | 226,000 | |||
| 2020 | 226,000 | |||
| 2021 | 226,000 | |||
5. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying amount and fair value of financial instruments at December 31, 2016 and 2015 were approximately as follows:
| Carrying | Fair | |||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Amount | Value | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | |||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2016 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt | $ | 2,907,437 | $ | 2,907,437 | - | $ | 2,907,437 | - | ||||||||||||
| Note receivable | 1,630,164 | 1,812,000 | - | 1,812,000 | ||||||||||||||||
| Marketable securities | 296,000 | 296,000 | $ | 296,000 | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2015 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt | $ | 3,941,080 | $ | 3,941,080 | - | $ | 3,941,080 | |||||||||||||
| Note receivable | 1,732,982 | 1,942,000 | - | 1,942,000 | - | |||||||||||||||
| Marketable securities | 275,000 | 275,000 | $ | 275,000 | - | - | ||||||||||||||
Fair value can be measured using valuation techniques such as the market approach (comparable market prices), the income approach (present value of future income or cash flow), and the cost approach (cost to replace the service capacity of an asset or replacement cost). Accounting standards utilize a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The following is a brief description of those levels:
| Level 1: | Observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. |
| Level 2: | Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active. |
| F-15 |
Reliv’ International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
5. Fair Value of Financial Instruments (continued)
| Level 3: | Unobservable inputs that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions. |
Long-term debt: The fair value of the Company’s term and revolver loans approximate carrying value as these loans have variable market-based interest rates that reset every thirty days. The fair value of the Company’s obligation for the acquisition of its lunasin technology license approximates carrying value as this obligation was a zero-interest based obligation discounted utilizing an interest rate factor comparable to the Company’s market-based interest rate of its term and revolver loans. The fair value of the Company’s notes payable approximates carrying value as these notes have variable market-based interest rates that reset every ninety days.
Note receivable: The Company’s note receivable is a variable rate residential mortgage-based financial instrument. An average of published interest rate quotes for a fifteen-year residential jumbo mortgage, a comparable financial instrument, was used to estimate fair value of this note receivable under a discounted cash flow model.
Marketable securities: The assets (trading securities) of the Company’s Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, and are presented within Other Assets in the consolidated balance sheets.
The carrying value of other financial instruments, including cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable, and accrued liabilities approximate fair value due to their short maturities or variable-rate nature of the respective balances.
6. Debt
Debt at December 31, 2016 and 2015 consists of the following:
| 2016 | 2015 | |||||||
| Term loan | $ | 2,843,301 | $ | 3,168,261 | ||||
| Notes payable | 64,136 | 283,455 | ||||||
| Obligation for acquisition of technology license, net | - | 489,364 | ||||||
| 2,907,437 | 3,941,080 | |||||||
| Less current maturities | 389,096 | 781,505 | ||||||
| Long-term portion | $ | 2,518,341 | $ | 3,159,575 | ||||
| F-16 |
Reliv’ International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
6. Debt (continued)
Principal maturities of debt at December 31, 2016, are as follows:
| 2017 | $ | 389,096 | ||
| 2018 | 2,518,341 | |||
| $ | 2,907,437 |
Term Loan and Revolving Loan Agreements
Effective September 30, 2015, the Company entered into a series of lending agreements with a new primary lender which include agreements for a $3.25 million term loan and $3.5 million revolving credit facility. These lending agreements replace similar borrowings under agreements with the Company’s former primary lender.
The new $3.25 million term loan is for a period of three years and requires monthly term loan payments, under a ten-year amortization, consisting of principal of $27,080 plus interest with a balloon payment for the outstanding balance due and payable on September 30, 2018. The term loan’s interest is based on the 30-day LIBOR plus 2.25% and was 2.78% at December 31, 2016.
The new $3.5 million revolving line of credit agreement, originally dated September 30, 2015, accrues interest at a floating interest rate based on the 30-day LIBOR plus 2.25% and had an original term of one year. Effective September 30, 2016, the revolving line of credit agreement was extended under similar terms to April 30, 2018. As of December 31, 2016, there were no outstanding borrowings on the revolving line of credit.
The proceeds from the new $3.25 million term loan were used to pay off the outstanding term loan and revolving line of credit balances, plus accrued interest, due under loan agreements with the Company’s former primary lender.
Borrowings under the new lending agreements are secured by all tangible and intangible assets of the Company, a whole life insurance policy on the life of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, and by a mortgage on the real estate of the Company’s headquarters.
The original September 30, 2015 lending agreements include a quarterly covenant requiring the Company to maintain net tangible worth of not less than $9.5 million. The September 30, 2016 revolving line of credit agreement extension adds a quarterly financial covenant under which the Company will have: i) a quarterly minimum requirement of earnings before interest expense, income tax expense, depreciation, and amortization (“EBITDA”) of $200,000 for the quarter ended December 31, 2016; ii) a cumulative minimum EBITDA requirement of $200,000, $400,000, $600,000, and $800,000 for the fiscal periods ending March 31, 2017, June 30, 2017, September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2017, respectively; and iii) a minimum EBITDA of $200,000 for the quarter ended March 31, 2018.
| F-17 |
Reliv’ International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
6. Debt (continued)
Term Loan and Revolving Loan Agreements (continued)
As defined, EBITDA means the Company’s consolidated net income for such period, before interest expense, income tax expense, depreciation and amortization, management fees, and further adjusted to exclude any gain or loss on the sale of assets, other extraordinary gains or losses, and any one-time adjustments approved by the lender.
At December 31, 2016, the Company was in compliance with its loan covenant requirements.
Obligation for Acquisition of Technology License, net
In July 2013, a newly-formed, wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company entered into a Technology License Agreement (TLA) with a privately-held company. The TLA provides the Company the exclusive license for certain intellectual property related to the nutritional ingredient lunasin and other soy-related peptides and proteins. In consideration for the TLA, the Company agreed to pay the licensor a purchase price of $2 million; $1.15 million paid at closing, with the remaining obligation (non-interest bearing) payable over the next four years in a series of annual payments ranging from $150,000 to $250,000 as stated in the agreement. Subject to certain minimum and maximum thresholds, the Company may also have been required to pay the licensor royalties during the remaining life of the intellectual properties. During the third quarter of 2016, the Company made a scheduled $250,000 payment on this obligation. In addition, during the third quarter of 2016, the Company and licensor entered into a letter agreement pursuant to which the Company paid licensor the final $250,000 payment, due in July 2017 per the original agreement. In consideration for acceleration of the final payment, the licensor transferred all rights, title and interest in the technology to the Company and terminated any future royalty obligations on the part of the Company.
The Company has accounted for the TLA as an asset purchase acquisition consisting of a long-term finite-lived asset to be amortized over the life of the associated intellectual property (approximately seventeen years at origination).
Notes Payable
A description of the Notes Payable is presented in Note 13 – Incentive Compensation Plans.
7. Stockholders’ Equity
On October 4, 2016, the Company effected a 1-for-7 reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock. Each stockholder’s percentage ownership and proportional voting power remained unchanged as a result of the reverse stock split. All applicable share data, per share amounts, and related information in these consolidated financial statements and notes thereto have been adjusted retroactively to give effect to the 1-for-7 reverse stock split.
| F-18 |
Reliv’ International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
7. Stockholders’ Equity (continued)
Stock Options – Incentive Stock Plans
The Company sponsors two incentive stock plans (a “2014 Plan” and a “2009 Plan”) each allowing for a maximum of 142,857 shares to be granted in the form of either incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, restricted stock awards, or unrestricted stock awards. Employees, directors, advisors, and consultants of the Company are eligible to receive the grants. These plans have been approved by the stockholders of the Company. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors administers the plans.
The 2014 Plan and the 2009 Plan provide that options may be issued under the Plans at an option price not less than fair market value of the stock at the time the option is granted. Under these plans, restricted stock of the Company may be granted at no cost to the grantee. The grantees are entitled to dividends and voting rights for their respective shares. Restrictions limit the sale or transfer of these shares during the requisite service period. In addition, the committee may grant or sell unrestricted stock at a purchase price to be determined by the committee. Vesting terms and restrictions, if applicable, under the plans, are set by the committee and will be 10 years or less. The 2014 Plan expires in 2024 and the 2009 Plan expires in 2019.
In March 2015, under the 2014 Plan, the Company issued time-vesting stock option grants totaling 39,210 shares. These option grants have an exercise price of $7.77 per share with a five-year term and vest annually in equal increments over 4.8 years. The aggregate estimated compensation cost related to the time-vesting stock option grant was $150,200. The grant-date fair value of the options was $3.8311 per share and was determined using a Black-Scholes option pricing model using an average risk-free rate of 1.68%, an average dividend yield of 0%, and an average volatility of 56.3%.
Also, in March 2015, under the 2014 Plan, the Company issued performance-based stock option grants totaling 91,500 shares. These option grants have an exercise price of $7.77 per share with a five-year term. The options’ vesting provisions are contingent upon the Company achieving certain financial performance measurements. The aggregate estimated compensation cost related to the performance based options was $342,300; however, recognition is contingent upon performance vesting. As of December 31, 2016, vesting conditions are not probable and no expense has been recorded. The grant-date fair value of the options was $3.8311 per share and was determined using a Black-Scholes option pricing model using an average risk-free rate of 1.68%, an average dividend yield of 0%, and an average volatility of 56.3%.
Compensation cost for all of the stock option plans was approximately $56,280 ($56,000 net of tax) and $57,468 ($57,000 net of tax) for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and has been recorded in selling, general, and administrative expense. As of December 31, 2016, the total remaining unrecognized compensation cost related to the non-vested portion of time vesting stock options totaled $81,500 ($81,500 net of tax), which will be amortized over the weighted remaining requisite service period of 3.0 years.
| F-19 |
Reliv’ International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
7. Stockholders’ Equity (continued)
Stock Options – Incentive Stock Plans (continued)
A summary of the Company’s stock option activity and related information for the years ended December 31 follows:
| 2016 | 2015 | |||||||||||||||
| Options | Weighted Avg. Exercise Price | Options | Weighted Avg. Exercise Price | |||||||||||||
| Outstanding beginning of the year | 261,700 | $ | 8.11 | 197,419 | $ | 24.37 | ||||||||||
| Granted | - | 130,710 | 7.77 | |||||||||||||
| Exercised | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| Expired and forfeited | (24,856 | ) | 7.96 | (66,429 | ) | 55.78 | ||||||||||
| Outstanding at end of year | 236,844 | $ | 8.14 | 261,700 | $ | 8.11 | ||||||||||
| Exercisable at end of year | 55,066 | $ | 8.54 | 30,638 | $ | 8.64 | ||||||||||
The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options outstanding and currently exercisable at December 31, 2016 was $-0-.
| As of December 31, 2016 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Options Outstanding | Options Exercisable | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Range of Exercise Prices | Number Outstanding | Weighted Avg. Remaining Life | Weighted Avg. Exercise Price | Number Exercisable | Weighted Avg. Remaining Life | Weighted Avg. Exercise Price | ||||||||||||||||||||
| $ 7.77 | 114,282 | 3.17 | $ | 7.77 | 6,856 | 3.17 | $ | 7.77 | ||||||||||||||||||
| $ 8.19 | 26,142 | 1.17 | 8.19 | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||
| $8.40 - $9.24 | 96,420 | 0.04 | 8.57 | 48,210 | 0.04 | 8.65 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| $7.77 - $9.24 | 236,844 | 1.68 | $ | 8.14 | 55,066 | 0.43 | $ | 8.54 | ||||||||||||||||||
Distributor Stock Purchase Plan
In July 2009, the Company established a Distributor Stock Purchase Plan (2009 Plan) which replaced a similar plan which had expired. Since inception, a total of 14,396 warrants have been issued under the 2009 Plan.
The plan allows distributors who have reached the “Ambassador” status the opportunity to allocate up to 10% of their monthly compensation into the plan to be used to purchase the Company’s common stock at the current market value. The plan also states that at the end of each year, the Company will grant warrants to purchase additional shares of the Company’s common stock based on the number of shares purchased by the distributors under the plan during the year. The warrant exercise price will equal the market price for the Company’s common stock at the date of issuance. The warrants issued shall be in the amount of 25% of the total shares purchased under the plan during the year and the warrants are fully vested upon grant.
| F-20 |
Reliv’ International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
7. Stockholders’ Equity (continued)
Distributor Stock Purchase Plan
The Company records expense under the fair value method for warrants granted to distributors. Total expense recorded for these warrants was $4,062 and $5,596 in 2016 and 2015, respectively.
The fair value of the warrants was estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:
| Year ended December 31 | ||||||||
| 2016 | 2015 | |||||||
| Expected warrant life (years) | 3.0 | 3.0 | ||||||
| Risk-free weighted average interest rate | 1.47 | % | 1.37 | % | ||||
| Stock price volatility | 75.9 | % | 68.2 | % | ||||
| Dividend yield | 0.0 | % | 0.0 | % | ||||
A summary of the Company’s warrant activity and related information for the years ended December 31 follows:
| 2016 | 2015 | |||||||||||||||
| Warrants | Weighted Avg. Exercise Price | Warrants | Weighted Avg. Exercise Price | |||||||||||||
| Outstanding beginning of the year | 5,484 | $ | 10.13 | 4,974 | $ | 12.47 | ||||||||||
| Granted | 2,519 | 4.64 | 2,183 | 4.06 | ||||||||||||
| Exercised | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| Expired | (1,712 | ) | 19.67 | (1,673 | ) | 9.17 | ||||||||||
| Outstanding at end of year | 6,291 | $ | 5.34 | 5,484 | $ | 10.13 | ||||||||||
| Exercisable at end of year | 6,291 | 5,484 | ||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2016 | ||||||||||||
| Warrants Outstanding and Exercisable | ||||||||||||
| Range of Exercise Prices | Warrants | Weighted Avg. Exercise Price | Weighted Avg. Remaining Life | |||||||||
| $ 4.06 | 2,183 | $ | 4.06 | 2.00 | ||||||||
| $ 4.64 | 2,519 | 4.64 | 3.00 | |||||||||
| $ 8.19 | 1,589 | 8.19 | 1.00 | |||||||||
| $4.06 - $8.19 | 6,291 | $ | 5.34 | 2.15 | ||||||||
The intrinsic value for stock warrants outstanding at December 31, 2016 was $1,000.
| F-21 |
Reliv’ International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
8. Loss per Share
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted loss per share:
| Year ended December 31 | ||||||||
| 2016 | 2015 | |||||||
| Numerator: | ||||||||
| Net loss | $ | (625,055 | ) | $ | (1,224,667 | ) | ||
| Denominator: | ||||||||
| Denominator for basic loss per share – weighted average shares | 1,845,000 | 1,839,000 | ||||||
| Dilutive effect of employee stock options and other warrants | - | - | ||||||
| Denominator for diluted loss per share – adjusted weighted average shares | 1,845,000 | 1,839,000 | ||||||
| Basic loss per share | $ | (0.34 | ) | $ | (0.67 | ) | ||
| Diluted loss per share | $ | (0.34 | ) | $ | (0.67 | ) | ||
The 2015 loss per common share has been restated for the 2016 reverse stock split; see Note 7.
For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, options and warrants totaling 238,433 and 265,001, respectively, shares of common stock were not included in the denominator for diluted loss per share because their effect would be anti-dilutive or because the shares were deemed contingently issuable.
9. Leases
The Company leases certain office facilities, storage, and equipment. These leases have varying terms, and certain leases have renewal and/or purchase options. Future minimum payments under non-cancelable leases with initial or remaining terms in excess of one year consist of the following at December 31, 2016:
| 2017 | $ | 282,211 | ||
| 2018 | 133,435 | |||
| 2019 | 70,124 | |||
| 2020 | 50,742 | |||
| 2021 | - | |||
| Thereafter | - | |||
| $ | 536,512 |
Rent expense for operating leases was $370,554 and $424,810 for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
| F-22 |
Reliv’ International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
10. Note Receivable Due From Distributor
In March 2012, the Company purchased a note and mortgage (“Note”) from a real estate investment management firm on certain properties in Wyoming and Idaho for $2 million. In May 2012, the Company entered into a Loan Modification Agreement (“LMA”) with the Note’s original and present borrower (“Borrower”) to restructure the Note’s principal amount due and related terms. The LMA terms are for a principal balance due of $2 million with interest only payments made monthly in 2012. The LMA’s interest rate is the greater of 6% or prime and there is no prepayment penalty for voluntary principal payments. Concurrently, with the execution of the LMA, the Company and the Borrower also entered into a Security Agreement in which repayment of the LMA is secured by the Borrower’s Reliv distributorship business.
As originally structured, beginning in 2013, the LMA was to require monthly payment of principal and interest under a five-year amortization period. In February 2013, while retaining the Company’s right to require Borrower’s compliance with the LMA’s terms, the Company and the Borrower agreed to a verbal modification in the payment schedule in which the Company agreed to accept monthly payments of principal and interest under a fifteen-year amortization period. The outstanding balance of the note receivable was $1,630,164 and $1,732,982 as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
11. Income Taxes
| Compenents of loss before income taxes: | Year ended December 31 | |||||||
| 2016 | 2015 | |||||||
| United States | $ | (499,004 | ) | $ | (103,069 | ) | ||
| Foreign | (117,051 | ) | (1,359,598 | ) | ||||
| $ | (616,055 | ) | $ | (1,462,667 | ) | |||
| Compenents of provision (benefit) for income taxes: | Year ended December 31 | |||||||
| 2016 | 2015 | |||||||
| Current: | ||||||||
| Federal | $ | (15,000 | ) | $ | (389,000 | ) | ||
| State | (10,000 | ) | 21,000 | |||||
| Foreign | 29,000 | 38,000 | ||||||
| Total current | 4,000 | (330,000 | ) | |||||
| Deferred: | ||||||||
| Federal | (27,000 | ) | 27,000 | |||||
| State | (4,000 | ) | 5,000 | |||||
| Foreign | 36,000 | 60,000 | ||||||
| Total deferred | 5,000 | 92,000 | ||||||
| $ | 9,000 | $ | (238,000 | ) | ||||
| F-23 |
Reliv’ International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
11. Income Taxes (continued)
The provision (benefit) for income taxes is different from the amounts computed by applying the United States federal statutory income tax rate of 34%. The reasons for these differences are as follows:
| Year ended December 31 | ||||||||
| 2016 | 2015 | |||||||
| Income taxes at U.S. statutory rate | $ | (209,000 | ) | $ | (497,000 | ) | ||
| State income taxes, net of federal benefit | 11,000 | 21,000 | ||||||
| Higher/(lower) effective taxes on earnings/losses in foreign countries | (104,000 | ) | 63,000 | |||||
| Foreign corporate income taxes | 44,000 | 43,000 | ||||||
| Effect of future tax rate changes to foreign deferred income taxes | 21,000 | 55,000 | ||||||
| Nondeductible meals and entertainment expense | 15,000 | 18,000 | ||||||
| Qualified domestic production activities income, net | - | 45,000 | ||||||
| Net operating loss carryback claims | (19,000 | ) | - | |||||
| Valuation allowance, net | 292,000 | - | ||||||
| Other | (42,000 | ) | 14,000 | |||||
| $ | 9,000 | $ | (238,000 | ) | ||||
The Company has a deferred tax asset of $3,237,000 as of December 31, 2016, and $3,112,000 as of December 31, 2015, relating to foreign net operating loss carryforwards (NOLs) in various jurisdictions which expire in a range of years from one to unlimited. In 2014, the Company recorded a net income tax benefit of $758,000 due to a reduction of the valuation allowance related to deferred tax assets for net operating losses of approximately $3.6 million in the Company’s Europe subsidiary. Based on management’s 2014 assessment, the Company reduced the Europe subsidiary’s NOL valuation allowance because the weight of evidence regarding the future realizability of the deferred tax assets had become predominantly positive and realization of the deferred tax assets was more likely than not. The positive evidence considered in 2014 (and re-affirmed annually thereafter) primarily related to three years of consistent profitability while the only negative evidence was historical losses prior to 2012 for this subsidiary. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the net deferred tax asset attributable to the Europe subsidiary’s net operating loss carryforward was $487,000 and $623,000, respectively. The Company has recorded a valuation allowance of $2,750,000 against all other foreign net operating loss carryforward balances as it is more likely than not that this asset will not be realized before it expires beginning in 2017.
During 2016, the Company determined that it was more likely than not that U.S. federal and various state net operating losses primarily generated in 2016 will not be realized based on projections of future U.S. taxable income, estimated reversals of existing taxable timing differences, and other considerations. Accordingly, the 2016 income tax provision includes the impact of recording a full deferred tax asset valuation allowance of approximately $292,000 against the 2016 losses generated from a U.S. tax perspective.
| F-24 |
Reliv’ International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
11. Income Taxes (continued)
The components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities, and the related tax effects of each temporary difference at December 31, 2016 and 2015, are as follows:
| 2016 | 2015 | |||||||
| Deferred tax assets: | ||||||||
| Product refund reserve | $ | 10,000 | $ | 12,000 | ||||
| Inventory obsolescence reserve | 25,000 | 20,000 | ||||||
| Vacation accrual | 6,000 | 14,000 | ||||||
| Stock-based compensation | 9,000 | 11,000 | ||||||
| Organization costs | 189,000 | 195,000 | ||||||
| Deferred compensation | 108,000 | 107,000 | ||||||
| Miscellaneous accrued expenses | 10,000 | 13,000 | ||||||
| Domestic net operating loss carryforwards | 282,000 | - | ||||||
| Foreign net operating loss carryforwards | 3,237,000 | 3,112,000 | ||||||
| Valuation allowance | (3,042,000 | ) | (2,489,000 | ) | ||||
| 834,000 | 995,000 | |||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities: | ||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 182,000 | 240,000 | ||||||
| Foreign currency exchange | 165,000 | 160,000 | ||||||
| 347,000 | 400,000 | |||||||
| Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) | $ | 487,000 | $ | 595,000 | ||||
| Reported as: | ||||||||
| Current deferred tax assets | $ | - | $ | 66,000 | ||||
| Non-current deferred tax assets | 487,000 | 623,000 | ||||||
| Non-current deferred tax liabilities | - | 94,000 | ||||||
| Net deferred tax assets | $ | 487,000 | $ | 595,000 | ||||
Through December 31, 2016, the cumulative amount of unremitted earnings on which the Company has not recognized United States income tax was $57,000 as the Company plans to indefinitely reinvest these earnings outside the United States.
The Company applied applicable accounting guidance relating to accounting for uncertainty in income taxes. Reserves for uncertainty in income taxes are adjusted quarterly in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the progress of tax audits, case law, and emerging legislation. The primary difference between gross unrecognized tax benefits and net unrecognized tax benefits is the U.S. federal tax benefit from state tax deductions. It is the Company’s practice to recognize interest and / or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense.
| F-25 |
Reliv’ International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
11. Income Taxes (continued)
At December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company had $43,000 and $63,000, respectively, of cumulative unrecognized tax benefits, of which only the net amount of $32,000 would impact the effective income tax rate if recognized.
The aggregate changes in the balance of gross unrecognized tax benefits were as follows:
| 2016 | 2015 | |||||||
| Beginning of year | $ | 46,000 | $ | 48,000 | ||||
| Settlements and effective settlements with tax authorities | - | - | ||||||
| Lapse of statute of limitations | (13,000 | ) | (6,000 | ) | ||||
| Decrease to tax positions taken during prior periods | (7,000 | ) | (7,000 | ) | ||||
| Increase to tax positions taken during current period | 6,000 | 11,000 | ||||||
| End of year | $ | 32,000 | $ | 46,000 | ||||
At December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company had $13,000 and $22,000, respectively, accrued for interest and penalties within the balance of unrecognized tax benefits. The Company’s unrecognized tax benefits balance is included within other noncurrent liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.
The Company, including its domestic and foreign subsidiaries, is subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as income tax of multiple state and foreign jurisdictions. The Company has concluded all U.S. federal income tax matters for years through 2012 and concluded years through 2012 with its primary state jurisdiction.
One of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is presently under local country audit for alleged deficiencies (totaling approximately $800,000 plus interest at 20% per annum) in value-added tax (VAT) and withholding tax for the years 2004 through 2006. The Company, in consultation with its legal counsel, believes that there are strong legal grounds that it should not be liable to pay the majority of the alleged tax deficiencies. As of December 31, 2010, management estimated and reserved approximately $185,000 for resolution of this matter and recorded this amount within Selling, General, and Administrative expense in the 2010 Consolidated Statement of Income. In 2011, the Company made good faith deposits to the local tax authority under the tax agency’s administrative judicial resolution process. As of December 31, 2016, management’s estimated reserve (net of deposits) for this matter is approximately $158,000.
| F-26 |
Reliv’ International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
12. Employee Benefit Plans
The Company sponsors a 401(k) employee savings plan which covers substantially all employees. Employees can contribute up to 15% of their gross income to the plan. The Company matched a percentage of the employee’s contribution at a rate of 10% for the years ended December 31, 2016, and 2015, respectively. Company contributions under the 401(k) plan totaled $44,200 and $49,300 in 2016 and 2015, respectively.
On September 1, 2006, the Company established an employee stock ownership plan ("ESOP") which covers substantially all U.S. employees. Contributions to the ESOP are funded by the Company on a discretionary basis. In 2016 and 2015, the Company did not make any contributions to the ESOP.
13. Incentive Compensation Plans
In May 2007, the Board of Directors approved the adoption of a new incentive compensation plan. This new plan was effective for fiscal year 2007 and replaced a previous plan. Under the plan, bonuses are payable quarterly in an amount not to exceed 18% of the Company’s Income from Operations for any period, subject to the Company achieving a minimum quarterly Income from Operations of at least $500,000. For fiscal years 2016 and 2015, the Board determined that the aggregate amount of incentive compensation available under the Plan shall be equal to 18% of the Company’s Income from Operations. The bonus pool is allocated to executives according to a specified formula, with a portion allocated to a middle management group determined by the Executive Committee of the Board of Directors. The Company did not incur any incentive compensation expense for 2016 and 2015.
In July 2010, the Company’s Reliv Europe subsidiary entered into a long-term performance-based incentive compensation agreement with the subsidiary’s senior managers. The valuation of the compensation agreement was an EBITDA-based formula derived from the subsidiary’s financial performance and vested in 20% annual increments which began in April 2011. Thereafter, annually, the Company incrementally recognized compensation expense in correlation with the incentive’s valuation, with 2015 compensation expense of $90,800 presented within Selling, General, and Administrative in the accompanying consolidated statements of net loss and comprehensive loss.
During the second quarter of 2015, the cumulative incentive amount of $756,800 became 100% vested, and concurrently, each of the subsidiary’s senior managers exercised 100% of his/her put option. In the aggregate, the Company and the managers agreed to settle the incentive obligation whereby the Company: issued notes payable of approximately $424,000, issued 100,000 shares of Company common stock (fair value at settlement of $117,000), and made cash payments of approximately $216,000.
| F-27 |
Reliv’ International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
13. Incentive Compensation Plans (continued)
The notes payable were issued by the Company to the managers in April 2015 and range in length from one to two years with quarterly payments of principal and interest beginning three months from issuance. Each of the notes accrue interest at a floating interest rate based on the three-month pound LIBOR plus 3%. The interest rate at December 31, 2016 was 3.41%. The notes payable have a principal balance at December 31, 2016 of $64,136 and are presented within the respective current and noncurrent portions of long-term debt in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
The Company sponsors a Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (SERP) to allow certain executives to defer a portion of their annual salary and bonus into a grantor trust. A grantor trust was established to hold the assets of the SERP. The Company funds the grantor trust by paying the amount deferred by the participant into the trust at the time of deferral. Investment earnings and losses accrue to the benefit or detriment of the participants. The SERP also provides for a discretionary matching contribution by the Company not to exceed 100% of the participant’s annual contribution. In 2016 and 2015, the Company did not provide a match. The participants fully vest in the deferred compensation three years from the date they enter the SERP. The participants are not eligible to receive distribution under the SERP until retirement, death, or disability of the participant. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, SERP assets were $296,000 and $275,000, respectively, and are included in “Other Assets” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, SERP liabilities were $299,000 and $277,000, respectively, and are included in “Other Non-Current Liabilities” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The changes in the balances of SERP assets and SERP liabilities during 2016 and 2015 were due to net realized and unrealized investment gains/losses incurred by the plan.
14. Segment Information
Description of Products and Services by Segment
The Company classifies its sales into three categories of sales products plus handling & freight income. Net sales by product category data for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, follow:
| 2016 | 2015 | |||||||
| Net sales by product category | ||||||||
| Nutritional and dietary supplements | $ | 40,554,312 | $ | 46,276,222 | ||||
| Skin care products | - | 267,737 | ||||||
| Sales aids and other | 1,450,649 | 1,215,594 | ||||||
| Handling & freight income | 3,507,875 | 4,009,304 | ||||||
| Total net sales | $ | 45,512,836 | $ | 51,768,857 | ||||
| F-28 |
Reliv’ International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
14. Segment Information (continued)
Description of Products and Services by Segment (continued)
The Company operates in one reportable segment, a network marketing segment consisting of six operating units that sell nutritional and dietary products to a sales force of independent distributors that sell the products directly to customers. These operating units are based on geographic regions. Geographic area data for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 follow:
| 2016 | 2015 | |||||||
| Net sales to external customers | ||||||||
| United States | $ | 35,591,831 | $ | 40,384,993 | ||||
| Australia/New Zealand | 1,079,054 | 1,279,549 | ||||||
| Canada | 1,065,147 | 1,296,543 | ||||||
| Mexico | 529,871 | 719,101 | ||||||
| Europe (1) | 5,490,508 | 6,192,453 | ||||||
| Asia (2) | 1,756,425 | 1,896,218 | ||||||
| Total net sales | $ | 45,512,836 | $ | 51,768,857 | ||||
| Assets by area | ||||||||
| United States | $ | 18,563,523 | $ | 20,429,025 | ||||
| Australia/New Zealand | 568,890 | 562,961 | ||||||
| Canada | 375,264 | 374,863 | ||||||
| Mexico | 311,102 | 288,406 | ||||||
| Europe (1) | 1,694,113 | 1,879,473 | ||||||
| Asia (2) | 952,835 | 726,304 | ||||||
| Total consolidated assets | $ | 22,465,727 | $ | 24,261,032 | ||||
| (1) | Europe consists of United Kingdom, Ireland, France, Germany, Austria, and the Netherlands. |
| (2) | Asia consists of Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia. |
15. Restructuring Activities
In May 2016, the Company implemented an employee headcount cost reduction program resulting in the reduction of approximately 9% of the Company’s worldwide employees. The total cost of the program, representing severance and benefits, was approximately $275,000 in 2016, and was included within Selling, General, and Administrative in the accompanying consolidated statements of net loss and comprehensive loss. The aggregate annual salaries of the affected employees was approximately $1,100,000. At December 31, 2016, there was no remaining reserve for severance and benefits under the program.
| F-29 |
Exhibit 3.2
| State
of Delaware Secretary of State Division of Corporations Delivered 12:05 PM 09/30/2016 FILED 12:05 PM 09/30/2016 SR 20166015054 - File Number 3028773 |
CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT
TO THE SECOND
AMENDED AND RESTATED
CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION OF
RELIV’ INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Pursuant to the provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law, Reliv’ International, Inc., a Delaware corporation, hereby adopts the following Certificate of Amendment to its Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (“Certificate of Amendment”):
ARTICLE I
The Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company is hereby amended by adding the following paragraph as Article Thirteen:
“Each seven (7) shares of Common Stock either issued and outstanding or held by the corporation in treasury stock on the effective date of this Certificate of Amendment shall automatically be combined into one (1) validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable share of Common Stock, without any action by the holder thereof, subject to the treatment of fractional interests as described below (the “Reverse Stock Split”). No certificates representing fractional shares of Common Stock shall be issued in connection with the Reverse Stock Split. Stockholders who otherwise would be entitled to receive fractional share interests of Common Stock in connection with the Reverse Stock Split shall, with respect to such fractional interest, be entitled to receive cash (without interest or deduction) in lieu of such fractional interest in an amount equal to the product of (a) the fraction of one share owned by the stockholder following the Reverse Stock Split multiplied by (b) the average closing sale price of the Common Stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market for the five trading days ending on the last business day before the date before the date this Certificate of Amendment is filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware. Each certificate that immediately prior to such combination represented shares of Common Stock (“Old Certificate”) shall thereafter represent that number of shares of Common Stock into which the shares of Common Stock represented by the Old Certificate shall have been combined, subject to the elimination of fractional share interests as described above.”
ARTICLE II
This Certificate of Amendment has been approved in the manner required by the Delaware General Corporation Law and by the governing documents of the Company.
ARTICLE III
This Certificate of Amendment shall become effective as of October 3, 2016.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Certificate of Amendment to be signed on its behalf by the duly authorized officer below this 8lh day of September, 2016.
| RELIV’ INTERNATIONAL, INC. | ||
| By: | /s/ Stephen M. Merrick | |
| Stephen M. Merrick, its Secretary | ||
| 2 |
Exhibit 10.18
September 2, 2016
Dale R. Ludwig
Managing Member
Soy Labs, LLC
1150 Highway 50 West
Linn, Missouri 65051
Dear Mr. Ludwig:
This letter confirms and sets forth the terms of the agreement between Soy Labs, LLC (“Soy Labs”) and SL Technology, Inc. (“SLTI”) with respect to the assignment to SLTI of certain technology owned by Soy Labs and licensed by SLTI pursuant to that certain Technology License Agreement dated July 23, 2013 by and between Soy Labs and SLTI (the “License Agreement”).
In consideration of the payment of Two Hundred Fifty Thousand Dollars ($250,000) (the “Assignment Consideration”), Soy Labs hereby sells, assigns, transfers and quit claims to SLTI all right, title and interest in and to the Technology, as defined in the License Agreement. The parties acknowledge and agree that all obligations of SLTI under Sections 2.1(b) and 3 of the License Agreement are hereby terminated and Sections 2.1(b) and 3 of the License Agreement shall be of no further force or effect.
Upon execution of this letter agreement, the parties acknowledge and agree that SLTI shall remit an aggregate payment of Five Hundred Thousand Dollars ($500,000) to Soy Labs representing the Fourth Year Payment (as defined in the License Agreement) currently due under the License Agreement and the Assignment Consideration. Payment shall be made by SLTI to Soy Labs within ten business days of execution of this letter agreement. Upon receipt of the $500,000 payment, SLTI shall have no further monetary obligations to Soy Labs under the License Agreement.
Soy Labs shall execute, acknowledge, and deliver to SLTI all such further instruments and papers, including assignments and powers of attorney, as may be necessary to vest title to the Technology in SLTI, its successors or assigns. Soy Labs will render all such reasonable assistance as SLTI may require in any administrative proceeding, including within a government’s trademark, copyright, or patent office, and in litigation involving said Technology, and Soy Labs shall be compensated at an hourly rate typical in the industry for the type of assistance being provided.
This letter agreement constitutes the entire agreement among the parties hereto at this time, and supersedes all prior oral or written agreements, understandings, representations and warranties, and courses of conduct and dealing between the parties on the subject matter hereof. This letter agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the parties and their respective successors and assigns; provided, however, that neither party may assign this letter agreement, in whole or in part, without the prior written consent of the other party. This letter agreement may be amended or modified only by a writing executed by each of the parties. This letter agreement shall be governed by and construed under Missouri law without regard to conflicts of laws principles. If any legal action is brought to enforce any obligations hereunder, the prevailing party shall be entitled to receive its attorneys' fees, court costs and other collection expenses, in addition to any other relief it may receive. This letter agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, via facsimile transmission or otherwise, each of which shall be deemed to be an original copy of this letter agreement and all of which, when taken together, shall constitute one and the same agreement.
| 1 |
If the foregoing accurately describes our agreement, please counter-sign this letter where indicated below.
| Very truly yours, | ||
| SL Technology, Inc. | ||
| By | /s/ Brett M. Hastings | |
| Brett M. Hastings, Secretary | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGED and AGREED this 2nd day of September, 2016: | ||
| Soy Labs, LLC | ||
| By | /s/ Dale R. Ludwig | |
| Dale R. Ludwig, Managing Member | ||
| 2 |
Exhibit 21
Reliv International, Inc.
Subsidiaries of Registrant1
Nutrition 2000, Inc., a Delaware corporation
Reliv, Inc., an Illinois corporation
Reliv World Corporation, an Illinois corporation
Reliv Europe, Inc., an Illinois corporation
Reliv Australia Pty, Limited, organized under the laws of Australia
Reliv New Zealand, Limited, organized under the laws of New Zealand
Reliv Now de Mexico, S. de R.L. de C.V., organized under the laws of Mexico
Reliv Philippines, Inc., organized under the laws of the Philippines
Reliv Canada Company, organized under the laws of Canada
Reliv International Sdn. Bhd., organized under the laws of Malaysia
Reliv Singapore Pte Ltd., organized under the laws of Singapore
Reliv Europe Limited, organized under the laws of the United Kingdom
PT Reliv Indonesia, organized under the laws of Indonesia
SL Technology, Inc., a Missouri corporation
1 All of our subsidiaries conduct business under their legal names as stated above.
Exhibit 23
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
We consent to the incorporation by reference in the following Registration Statements:
| 1. | Registration Statement (Form S-3 No. 333-131974) of Relìv International, Inc., as amended, |
| 2. | Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-67921) pertaining to the Relìv International, Inc. 401(k) Plan, |
| 3. | Registration Statement (Form S-3 No. 333-160374) pertaining to the 2009 Distributor Stock Purchase Plan, |
| 4. | Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-170928) pertaining to the Relìv International, Inc. 2009 Incentive Stock Plan, and |
| 5. | Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-200372) pertaining to the Reliv International, Inc. 2014 Incentive Stock Plan. |
of our report dated March 28, 2017, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Relìv International, Inc. and Subsidiaries included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) of Relìv International, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2016.
| /s/ Ernst & Young LLP |
| St. Louis, Missouri |
| March 28, 2017 |
Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION
I, Robert L. Montgomery, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Reliv International, Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
| a. | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; |
| b. | Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; |
| c. | Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and |
| d. | Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and |
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
| a. | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and |
| b. | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. |
Date: March 28, 2017
| /s/ Robert L. Montgomery | ||
| Robert L. Montgomery | ||
| Chief Executive Officer |
Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION
I, Steven D. Albright, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Reliv International, Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
| a. | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; |
| b. | Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; |
| c. | Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and |
| d. | Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and |
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
| a. | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and |
| b. | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. |
Date: March 28, 2017
| /s/ Steven D. Albright | ||
| Steven D. Albright | ||
| Chief Financial Officer |
Exhibit 32
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Reliv’ International, Inc. (the “Company”) for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), Robert L. Montgomery, as Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and Steven D. Albright, as Chief Financial Officer of the Company, each hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
| /s/ Robert L. Montgomery | |
| Robert L. Montgomery | |
| Chief Executive Officer | |
| Date: March 28, 2017 | |
| /s/ Steven D. Albright | |
| Steven D. Albright | |
| Chief Financial Officer | |
| Date: March 28, 2017 |
The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and is not being “filed” as part of the Form 10-K or as a separate disclosure document for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or otherwise subject to liability under that section. This certification shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act except to the extent that this Exhibit 32 is expressly and specifically incorporated by reference in any such filing.
A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.
Document And Entity Information - USD ($) $ in Millions |
12 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2016 |
Mar. 10, 2017 |
Jun. 30, 2016 |
|
| Document Information [Line Items] | |||
| Document Type | 10-K | ||
| Amendment Flag | false | ||
| Document Period End Date | Dec. 31, 2016 | ||
| Document Fiscal Year Focus | 2016 | ||
| Document Fiscal Period Focus | FY | ||
| Entity Registrant Name | RELIV INTERNATIONAL INC | ||
| Entity Central Index Key | 0000768710 | ||
| Current Fiscal Year End Date | --12-31 | ||
| Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer | No | ||
| Entity Voluntary Filers | No | ||
| Entity Current Reporting Status | Yes | ||
| Entity Filer Category | Smaller Reporting Company | ||
| Entity Public Float | $ 4.8 | ||
| Trading Symbol | RELV | ||
| Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding | 1,845,160 |
Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) |
Dec. 31, 2016 |
Dec. 31, 2015 |
|---|---|---|
| Allowance for accounts receivable (in dollars) | $ 26,700 | $ 30,200 |
| Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ 0.001 | $ 0.001 |
| Preferred stock, shares authorized | 3,000,000 | 3,000,000 |
| Preferred stock, shares issued | 0 | 0 |
| Preferred stock, shares outstanding | 0 | 0 |
| Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ 0.001 | $ 0.001 |
| Common stock, shares authorized | 30,000,000 | 30,000,000 |
| Common stock, shares, issued | 2,110,013 | 2,110,436 |
| Common stock, shares, outstanding | 1,845,160 | 1,845,583 |
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) |
Total |
Common Stock [Member] |
Additional Paid-in Capital [Member] |
Accumulated Deficit [Member] |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Member] |
Treasury Stock [Member] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Balance at Dec. 31, 2014 | $ 16,997,278 | $ 2,096 | $ 30,334,175 | $ (7,434,595) | $ (565,838) | $ (5,338,560) |
| Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2014 | 2,096,150 | 264,853 | ||||
| Net loss | (1,224,667) | $ 0 | 0 | (1,224,667) | 0 | $ 0 |
| Other comprehensive income (loss): | ||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | (68,435) | 0 | 0 | 0 | (68,435) | 0 |
| Total comprehensive loss | (1,293,102) | |||||
| Common stock issued (Note 13) | 117,000 | $ 14 | 116,986 | 0 | 0 | $ 0 |
| Common stock issued (Note 13) (in shares) | 14,286 | 0 | ||||
| Stock-based compensation | 63,064 | $ 0 | 63,064 | 0 | 0 | $ 0 |
| Expired stock options & warrants; deferred tax effect | (1,745) | 0 | (1,745) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Balance at Dec. 31, 2015 | 15,882,495 | $ 2,110 | 30,512,480 | (8,659,262) | (634,273) | $ (5,338,560) |
| Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2015 | 2,110,436 | 264,853 | ||||
| Net loss | (625,055) | $ 0 | 0 | (625,055) | 0 | $ 0 |
| Other comprehensive income (loss): | ||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | (395,932) | 0 | 0 | 0 | (395,932) | 0 |
| Total comprehensive loss | (1,020,987) | |||||
| Stock-based compensation | 60,342 | 0 | 60,342 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Expired stock options & warrants; deferred tax effect | (5,467) | 0 | (5,467) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Common stock repurchased and retired | (2,211) | $ 0 | (2,211) | 0 | 0 | $ 0 |
| Common stock repurchased and retired (in shares) | (423) | 0 | ||||
| Balance at Dec. 31, 2016 | $ 14,914,172 | $ 2,110 | $ 30,565,144 | $ (9,284,317) | $ (1,030,205) | $ (5,338,560) |
| Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2016 | 2,110,013 | 264,853 |
Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies |
12 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2016 | ||
| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ||
| Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block] | 1. Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies Nature of Business Reliv’ International, Inc. (the Company) produces a proprietary line of nutritional supplements addressing basic nutrition, specific wellness needs, weight management, and sports nutrition. These products are sold by subsidiaries of the Company to a sales force of independent distributors of the Company that sell products directly to consumers. The Company and its subsidiaries sell products to distributors throughout the United States and in Australia, Austria, Canada, France, Germany, Indonesia, Ireland, Malaysia, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, and the United Kingdom. Basis of Presentation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its foreign and domestic subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. On October 4, 2016, the Company effected a 1-for-7 reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock. Each stockholder’s percentage ownership and proportional voting power remained unchanged as a result of the reverse stock split. All applicable share data, per share amounts, and related information in these consolidated financial statements and notes thereto have been adjusted retroactively to give effect to the 1-for-7 reverse stock split. Cash Equivalents The Company's policy is to consider the following as cash and cash equivalents: demand deposits and short-term investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased. Inventories Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market. Product cost includes raw materials, labor, and overhead costs and is accounted for on a first-in, first-out basis. On a periodic basis, the Company reviews its inventory levels, as compared to future demand requirements and the shelf life of the various products. Based on this review, the Company records inventory write-downs when necessary. Sales aids and promotional materials inventories represent distributor kits, product brochures, and other sales and business development materials which are held for sale to distributors. Cost of the sales aids and promotional materials held for sale are capitalized as inventories and subsequently recorded to cost of goods sold upon recognition of revenue when sold to distributors. All other advertising and promotional costs are expensed when incurred. Property, Plant, and Equipment Property, plant, and equipment are stated on the cost basis. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line or an accelerated method over the useful life of the related assets. Generally, computer equipment and software are depreciated over 3 to 5 years, office equipment and machinery over 7 years, and real property over 39 years. Foreign Currency Translation and Transaction Gains or Losses All balance sheet accounts have been translated using the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Statements of net income (loss) amounts have been translated using the average exchange rate for the year. The gains and losses resulting from the changes in exchange rates from year to year have been reported in other comprehensive income (loss). The foreign currency translation adjustment is the only component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. If applicable, foreign currency translation adjustments exclude income tax expense (benefit) as certain of the Company’s investments in non-U.S. subsidiaries are deemed to be reinvested for an indefinite period of time. Foreign currency transaction gains (losses) were $147,623 and $(109,491) for 2016 and 2015, respectively. Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share Basic earnings per common share are computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per common share are computed using the weighted average number of common shares and potential dilutive common shares that were outstanding during the period. Potential dilutive common shares consist of outstanding stock options, outstanding stock warrants, and convertible preferred stock. See Note 8 for additional information regarding earnings per share. Stock-Based Compensation The Company has stock-based incentive plans under which it may grant stock option, restricted stock, and unrestricted stock awards. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense based on the grant date fair value of the award and the related vesting terms. Depending upon the characteristics of the option, the fair value of stock-based awards is primarily determined using the Black-Scholes model, which incorporates assumptions and management estimates including the risk-free interest rate, expected volatility, expected option life, and dividend yield. See Note 7 for additional information. The Company accounts for options granted to non-employees and warrants granted to distributors under the fair value approach required by FASB ASC Topic 505-50, “Equity Based Payments to Non-Employees.” Revenue Recognition The Company receives payment by credit card, personal check, or guaranteed funds for orders from independent distributors and makes related commission payments in the following month. Generally, net sales reflect product sales less the distributor discount of 20 percent to 40 percent of the suggested retail price. Sales revenue and commission expenses are recorded when the merchandise is shipped, as this is the point title and risk of loss pass to the distributor. In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 605-50, “Revenue Recognition – Customer Payments and Incentives,” the Company presents distributor royalty and commission expense as an operating expense, rather than a reduction to net sales, as these payments are not made to the purchasing distributor. Actual and estimated sales returns are classified as a reduction of net sales. The Company estimates and accrues a reserve for product returns based on the Company’s return policy and historical experience. The Company’s return policy allows for distributors to return product only upon termination of his or her distributorship. Allowable returns are limited to saleable product which was purchased within twelve months of the termination for a refund of 100% of the original purchase price less any distributor royalties and commission received relating to the original purchase of the returned products. For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, total returns as a percent of net sales were approximately 0.20% and 0.24%, respectively. The Company records handling and freight income as a component of net sales and records handling and freight costs as a component of cost of products sold. Total net sales do not include sales tax as the Company considers itself a pass-through conduit for collecting and remitting applicable sales taxes. Fair Value Measurements FASB ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and requires disclosures about fair value measurements required under other accounting pronouncements. See Note 5 for further discussion. Income Taxes The provision for income taxes is computed using the liability method. The primary differences between financial statement and taxable income result from financial statement accruals and reserves and differences between depreciation and stock options for book and tax purposes. Unrecognized tax benefits are accounted for as required by FASB ASC Topic 740 which prescribes a more likely than not threshold for financial statement presentation and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. See Note 11 for further discussion. Advertising Costs of sales aids and promotional materials are capitalized as inventories. All other advertising and promotional costs are expensed when incurred. The Company recorded $36,900 and $18,500 of advertising expense in 2016 and 2015, respectively. Research and Development Expenses Research and development expenses, which are charged to selling, general, and administrative expenses as incurred, were $694,000 and $765,000 in 2016 and 2015, respectively. Amortizable Intangible Assets The Company records intangible assets based on management’s determination of the fair value of the respective assets at the time of acquisition. Determining the fair value of intangible assets is judgmental and involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions of future company operations. The Company bases its fair value estimates and related asset lives on assumptions it believes to be reasonable but that are unpredictable and inherently uncertain. Actual future results may differ from these estimates. Intangible assets estimated to have finite lives are amortized over their estimated economic life under the straight-line method; such method correlates to management’s estimate of the assets’ economic benefit. Based on management’s estimates at origination, these lives range from two to seventeen years. Related amortization expense is presented within Selling, General, and Administrative in the accompanying consolidated statements of net loss and comprehensive loss. As of December 31, 2016, remaining lives of intangible assets range from eight to thirteen years. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. New Accounting Pronouncements In November 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes, which requires all deferred income tax assets and liabilities to be classified as non-current on the balance sheet, rather than being separated into current and non-current amounts. The new standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016 with early adoption permitted. The Company early adopted ASU No. 2015-17 as of December 31, 2016. The prospective adoption of this guidance resulted in the classification of all deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities as non-current on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016. Prior periods were not reclassified. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The ASU will replace most existing U.S. GAAP revenue recognition guidance and becomes effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. The new standard permits the use of either the retrospective or modified retrospective transition method. The Company anticipates adopting this guidance in the first quarter of fiscal 2018. The Company’s primary source of revenue is from the sale of nutritional products to the Company’s independent distributors whereby revenue is currently recognized when product is shipped and risk of loss has passed to the customer. Upon adoption of this new standard, the Company believes that the timing of revenue recognition related to nutritional product sales will remain materially consistent with its current practice. Based on the evaluation completed to date, the Company has identified membership fee-type revenue and sales incentive programs as areas that may be affected by the new standard; and these areas require further evaluation. Overall, the Company continues to evaluate the adoption of this standard, including the transition method, will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11, Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory, which requires inventory within the scope of this update to be measured at the lower of its cost or net realizable value, with net realizable value being the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. The new standard is effective prospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016 and will be adopted by the Company in the first quarter of 2017. The Company does not anticipate that the adoption of this standard will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern, which requires management to assess, at each annual and interim reporting period, the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year from the date the financial statements are issued and provide related disclosures. As required, the Company adopted this standard as of December 31, 2016. The Company’s adoption of this standard did not have any impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-2, Leases (Topic 842) which supersedes the existing lease guidance. This update requires lessees to recognize a lease liability and a lease asset for all leases, including operating leases, with a term greater than twelve months on its balance sheet. The update also expands the required quantitative and qualitative disclosures surrounding leases. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within those fiscal years, with earlier application permitted. The Company expects the adoption of this standard to result in the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities not currently recorded in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company is evaluating its transition method and other effects that the new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. This amendment is intended to simplify several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liability, forfeitures, and classification on the statement of cash flows. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016 and will be adopted by the Company in the first quarter of 2017. The Company does not anticipate that the adoption of this standard will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. |
Property, Plant, and Equipment |
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Dec. 31, 2016 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property, Plant and Equipment Disclosure [Text Block] | 2. Property, Plant, and Equipment Property, plant, and equipment at December 31, 2016 and 2015, consist of the following:
For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, depreciation expense was $728,618 and $732,968, respectively. |
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Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses |
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| Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities Disclosure [Text Block] | 3. Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses Accounts payable and accrued expenses at December 31, 2016 and 2015, consist of the following:
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Amortizable Intangible Assets |
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| Intangible Assets Disclosure [Text Block] | 4. Amortizable Intangible Assets The Company had amortizable intangible assets as follows as of December 31, 2016 and 2015:
Amortization expense for intangible assets totaled $255,413 and $270,128 in 2016 and 2015, respectively. Amortization expense for amortizable intangible assets over the next five years is estimated to be:
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Fair Value of Financial Instruments |
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| Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block] | 5. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The carrying amount and fair value of financial instruments at December 31, 2016 and 2015 were approximately as follows:
Fair value can be measured using valuation techniques such as the market approach (comparable market prices), the income approach (present value of future income or cash flow), and the cost approach (cost to replace the service capacity of an asset or replacement cost). Accounting standards utilize a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The following is a brief description of those levels:
Long-term debt: The fair value of the Company’s term and revolver loans approximate carrying value as these loans have variable market-based interest rates that reset every thirty days. The fair value of the Company’s obligation for the acquisition of its lunasin technology license approximates carrying value as this obligation was a zero-interest based obligation discounted utilizing an interest rate factor comparable to the Company’s market-based interest rate of its term and revolver loans. The fair value of the Company’s notes payable approximates carrying value as these notes have variable market-based interest rates that reset every ninety days. Note receivable: The Company’s note receivable is a variable rate residential mortgage-based financial instrument. An average of published interest rate quotes for a fifteen-year residential jumbo mortgage, a comparable financial instrument, was used to estimate fair value of this note receivable under a discounted cash flow model. Marketable securities: The assets (trading securities) of the Company’s Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, and are presented within Other Assets in the consolidated balance sheets. The carrying value of other financial instruments, including cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable, and accrued liabilities approximate fair value due to their short maturities or variable-rate nature of the respective balances. |
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Debt |
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| Debt Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term Debt [Text Block] | 6. Debt Debt at December 31, 2016 and 2015 consists of the following:
Principal maturities of debt at December 31, 2016, are as follows:
Term Loan and Revolving Loan Agreements Effective September 30, 2015, the Company entered into a series of lending agreements with a new primary lender which include agreements for a $3.25 million term loan and $3.5 million revolving credit facility. These lending agreements replace similar borrowings under agreements with the Company’s former primary lender. The new $3.25 million term loan is for a period of three years and requires monthly term loan payments, under a ten-year amortization, consisting of principal of $27,080 plus interest with a balloon payment for the outstanding balance due and payable on September 30, 2018. The term loan’s interest is based on the 30-day LIBOR plus 2.25% and was 2.78% at December 31, 2016. The new $3.5 million revolving line of credit agreement, originally dated September 30, 2015, accrues interest at a floating interest rate based on the 30-day LIBOR plus 2.25% and had an original term of one year. Effective September 30, 2016, the revolving line of credit agreement was extended under similar terms to April 30, 2018. As of December 31, 2016, there were no outstanding borrowings on the revolving line of credit. The proceeds from the new $3.25 million term loan were used to pay off the outstanding term loan and revolving line of credit balances, plus accrued interest, due under loan agreements with the Company’s former primary lender. Borrowings under the new lending agreements are secured by all tangible and intangible assets of the Company, a whole life insurance policy on the life of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, and by a mortgage on the real estate of the Company’s headquarters. The original September 30, 2015 lending agreements include a quarterly covenant requiring the Company to maintain net tangible worth of not less than $9.5 million. The September 30, 2016 revolving line of credit agreement extension adds a quarterly financial covenant under which the Company will have: i) a quarterly minimum requirement of earnings before interest expense, income tax expense, depreciation, and amortization (“EBITDA”) of $200,000 for the quarter ended December 31, 2016; ii) a cumulative minimum EBITDA requirement of $200,000, $400,000, $600,000, and $800,000 for the fiscal periods ending March 31, 2017, June 30, 2017, September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2017, respectively; and iii) a minimum EBITDA of $200,000 for the quarter ended March 31, 2018. As defined, EBITDA means the Company’s consolidated net income for such period, before interest expense, income tax expense, depreciation and amortization, management fees, and further adjusted to exclude any gain or loss on the sale of assets, other extraordinary gains or losses, and any one-time adjustments approved by the lender. At December 31, 2016, the Company was in compliance with its loan covenant requirements. Obligation for Acquisition of Technology License, net In July 2013, a newly-formed, wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company entered into a Technology License Agreement (TLA) with a privately-held company. The TLA provides the Company the exclusive license for certain intellectual property related to the nutritional ingredient lunasin and other soy-related peptides and proteins. In consideration for the TLA, the Company agreed to pay the licensor a purchase price of $2 million; $1.15 million paid at closing, with the remaining obligation (non-interest bearing) payable over the next four years in a series of annual payments ranging from $150,000 to $250,000 as stated in the agreement. Subject to certain minimum and maximum thresholds, the Company may also have been required to pay the licensor royalties during the remaining life of the intellectual properties. During the third quarter of 2016, the Company made a scheduled $250,000 payment on this obligation. In addition, during the third quarter of 2016, the Company and licensor entered into a letter agreement pursuant to which the Company paid licensor the final $250,000 payment, due in July 2017 per the original agreement. In consideration for acceleration of the final payment, the licensor transferred all rights, title and interest in the technology to the Company and terminated any future royalty obligations on the part of the Company. The Company has accounted for the TLA as an asset purchase acquisition consisting of a long-term finite-lived asset to be amortized over the life of the associated intellectual property (approximately seventeen years at origination). Notes Payable A description of the Notes Payable is presented in Note 13 – Incentive Compensation Plans. |
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Stockholders' Equity |
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| Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shareholders' Equity and Share-based Payments [Text Block] | 7. Stockholders’ Equity On October 4, 2016, the Company effected a 1-for-7 reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock. Each stockholder’s percentage ownership and proportional voting power remained unchanged as a result of the reverse stock split. All applicable share data, per share amounts, and related information in these consolidated financial statements and notes thereto have been adjusted retroactively to give effect to the 1-for-7 reverse stock split. Stock Options – Incentive Stock Plans The Company sponsors two incentive stock plans (a “2014 Plan” and a “2009 Plan”) each allowing for a maximum of 142,857 shares to be granted in the form of either incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, restricted stock awards, or unrestricted stock awards. Employees, directors, advisors, and consultants of the Company are eligible to receive the grants. These plans have been approved by the stockholders of the Company. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors administers the plans. The 2014 Plan and the 2009 Plan provide that options may be issued under the Plans at an option price not less than fair market value of the stock at the time the option is granted. Under these plans, restricted stock of the Company may be granted at no cost to the grantee. The grantees are entitled to dividends and voting rights for their respective shares. Restrictions limit the sale or transfer of these shares during the requisite service period. In addition, the committee may grant or sell unrestricted stock at a purchase price to be determined by the committee. Vesting terms and restrictions, if applicable, under the plans, are set by the committee and will be 10 years or less. The 2014 Plan expires in 2024 and the 2009 Plan expires in 2019. In March 2015, under the 2014 Plan, the Company issued time-vesting stock option grants totaling 39,210 shares. These option grants have an exercise price of $7.77 per share with a five-year term and vest annually in equal increments over 4.8 years. The aggregate estimated compensation cost related to the time-vesting stock option grant was $150,200. The grant-date fair value of the options was $3.8311 per share and was determined using a Black-Scholes option pricing model using an average risk-free rate of 1.68%, an average dividend yield of 0%, and an average volatility of 56.3%. Also, in March 2015, under the 2014 Plan, the Company issued performance-based stock option grants totaling 91,500 shares. These option grants have an exercise price of $7.77 per share with a five-year term. The options’ vesting provisions are contingent upon the Company achieving certain financial performance measurements. The aggregate estimated compensation cost related to the performance based options was $342,300; however, recognition is contingent upon performance vesting. As of December 31, 2016, vesting conditions are not probable and no expense has been recorded. The grant-date fair value of the options was $3.8311 per share and was determined using a Black-Scholes option pricing model using an average risk-free rate of 1.68%, an average dividend yield of 0%, and an average volatility of 56.3%. Compensation cost for all of the stock option plans was approximately $56,280 ($56,000 net of tax) and $57,468 ($57,000 net of tax) for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and has been recorded in selling, general, and administrative expense. As of December 31, 2016, the total remaining unrecognized compensation cost related to the non-vested portion of time vesting stock options totaled $81,500 ($81,500 net of tax), which will be amortized over the weighted remaining requisite service period of 3.0 years. A summary of the Company’s stock option activity and related information for the years ended December 31 follows:
The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options outstanding and currently exercisable at December 31, 2016 was $-0-.
Distributor Stock Purchase Plan In July 2009, the Company established a Distributor Stock Purchase Plan (2009 Plan) which replaced a similar plan which had expired. Since inception, a total of 14,396 warrants have been issued under the 2009 Plan. The plan allows distributors who have reached the “Ambassador” status the opportunity to allocate up to 10% of their monthly compensation into the plan to be used to purchase the Company’s common stock at the current market value. The plan also states that at the end of each year, the Company will grant warrants to purchase additional shares of the Company’s common stock based on the number of shares purchased by the distributors under the plan during the year. The warrant exercise price will equal the market price for the Company’s common stock at the date of issuance. The warrants issued shall be in the amount of 25% of the total shares purchased under the plan during the year and the warrants are fully vested upon grant. Distributor Stock Purchase Plan The Company records expense under the fair value method for warrants granted to distributors. Total expense recorded for these warrants was $4,062 and $5,596 in 2016 and 2015, respectively. The fair value of the warrants was estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:
A summary of the Company’s warrant activity and related information for the years ended December 31 follows:
The intrinsic value for stock warrants outstanding at December 31, 2016 was $1,000. |
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Loss per Share |
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| Earnings Per Share [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings Per Share [Text Block] | 8. Loss per Share The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted loss per share:
The 2015 loss per common share has been restated for the 2016 reverse stock split; see Note 7. For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, options and warrants totaling 238,433 and 265,001, respectively, shares of common stock were not included in the denominator for diluted loss per share because their effect would be anti-dilutive or because the shares were deemed contingently issuable. |
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| Leases [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Leases of Lessee Disclosure [Text Block] | 9. Leases The Company leases certain office facilities, storage, and equipment. These leases have varying terms, and certain leases have renewal and/or purchase options. Future minimum payments under non-cancelable leases with initial or remaining terms in excess of one year consist of the following at December 31, 2016:
Rent expense for operating leases was $370,554 and $424,810 for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. |
Note Receivable Due From Distributor |
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Dec. 31, 2016 | ||
| Receivables [Abstract] | ||
| Note Receivable Due From Distributor [Text Block] | 10. Note Receivable Due From Distributor In March 2012, the Company purchased a note and mortgage (“Note”) from a real estate investment management firm on certain properties in Wyoming and Idaho for $2 million. In May 2012, the Company entered into a Loan Modification Agreement (“LMA”) with the Note’s original and present borrower (“Borrower”) to restructure the Note’s principal amount due and related terms. The LMA terms are for a principal balance due of $2 million with interest only payments made monthly in 2012. The LMA’s interest rate is the greater of 6% or prime and there is no prepayment penalty for voluntary principal payments. Concurrently, with the execution of the LMA, the Company and the Borrower also entered into a Security Agreement in which repayment of the LMA is secured by the Borrower’s Reliv distributorship business. As originally structured, beginning in 2013, the LMA was to require monthly payment of principal and interest under a five-year amortization period. In February 2013, while retaining the Company’s right to require Borrower’s compliance with the LMA’s terms, the Company and the Borrower agreed to a verbal modification in the payment schedule in which the Company agreed to accept monthly payments of principal and interest under a fifteen-year amortization period. The outstanding balance of the note receivable was $1,630,164 and $1,732,982 as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. |
Income Taxes |
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| Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block] | 11. Income Taxes
The provision (benefit) for income taxes is different from the amounts computed by applying the United States federal statutory income tax rate of 34%. The reasons for these differences are as follows:
The Company has a deferred tax asset of $3,237,000 as of December 31, 2016, and $3,112,000 as of December 31, 2015, relating to foreign net operating loss carryforwards (NOLs) in various jurisdictions which expire in a range of years from one to unlimited. In 2014, the Company recorded a net income tax benefit of $758,000 due to a reduction of the valuation allowance related to deferred tax assets for net operating losses of approximately $3.6 million in the Company’s Europe subsidiary. Based on management’s 2014 assessment, the Company reduced the Europe subsidiary’s NOL valuation allowance because the weight of evidence regarding the future realizability of the deferred tax assets had become predominantly positive and realization of the deferred tax assets was more likely than not. The positive evidence considered in 2014 (and re-affirmed annually thereafter) primarily related to three years of consistent profitability while the only negative evidence was historical losses prior to 2012 for this subsidiary. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the net deferred tax asset attributable to the Europe subsidiary’s net operating loss carryforward was $487,000 and $623,000, respectively. The Company has recorded a valuation allowance of $2,750,000 against all other foreign net operating loss carryforward balances as it is more likely than not that this asset will not be realized before it expires beginning in 2017. During 2016, the Company determined that it was more likely than not that U.S. federal and various state net operating losses primarily generated in 2016 will not be realized based on projections of future U.S. taxable income, estimated reversals of existing taxable timing differences, and other considerations. Accordingly, the 2016 income tax provision includes the impact of recording a full deferred tax asset valuation allowance of approximately $292,000 against the 2016 losses generated from a U.S. tax perspective. The components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities, and the related tax effects of each temporary difference at December 31, 2016 and 2015, are as follows:
Through December 31, 2016, the cumulative amount of unremitted earnings on which the Company has not recognized United States income tax was $57,000 as the Company plans to indefinitely reinvest these earnings outside the United States. The Company applied applicable accounting guidance relating to accounting for uncertainty in income taxes. Reserves for uncertainty in income taxes are adjusted quarterly in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the progress of tax audits, case law, and emerging legislation. The primary difference between gross unrecognized tax benefits and net unrecognized tax benefits is the U.S. federal tax benefit from state tax deductions. It is the Company’s practice to recognize interest and / or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company had $43,000 and $63,000, respectively, of cumulative unrecognized tax benefits, of which only the net amount of $32,000 would impact the effective income tax rate if recognized. The aggregate changes in the balance of gross unrecognized tax benefits were as follows:
At December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company had $13,000 and $22,000, respectively, accrued for interest and penalties within the balance of unrecognized tax benefits. The Company’s unrecognized tax benefits balance is included within other noncurrent liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company, including its domestic and foreign subsidiaries, is subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as income tax of multiple state and foreign jurisdictions. The Company has concluded all U.S. federal income tax matters for years through 2012 and concluded years through 2012 with its primary state jurisdiction. One of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is presently under local country audit for alleged deficiencies (totaling approximately $800,000 plus interest at 20% per annum) in value-added tax (VAT) and withholding tax for the years 2004 through 2006. The Company, in consultation with its legal counsel, believes that there are strong legal grounds that it should not be liable to pay the majority of the alleged tax deficiencies. As of December 31, 2010, management estimated and reserved approximately $185,000 for resolution of this matter and recorded this amount within Selling, General, and Administrative expense in the 2010 Consolidated Statement of Income. In 2011, the Company made good faith deposits to the local tax authority under the tax agency’s administrative judicial resolution process. As of December 31, 2016, management’s estimated reserve (net of deposits) for this matter is approximately $158,000. |
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Employee Benefit Plans |
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Dec. 31, 2016 | ||
| Compensation and Retirement Disclosure [Abstract] | ||
| Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits Disclosure [Text Block] | 12. Employee Benefit Plans The Company sponsors a 401(k) employee savings plan which covers substantially all employees. Employees can contribute up to 15% of their gross income to the plan. The Company matched a percentage of the employee’s contribution at a rate of 10% for the years ended December 31, 2016, and 2015, respectively. Company contributions under the 401(k) plan totaled $44,200 and $49,300 in 2016 and 2015, respectively. On September 1, 2006, the Company established an employee stock ownership plan ("ESOP") which covers substantially all U.S. employees. Contributions to the ESOP are funded by the Company on a discretionary basis. In 2016 and 2015, the Company did not make any contributions to the ESOP. |
Incentive Compensation Plans |
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Dec. 31, 2016 | ||
| Compensation Related Costs [Abstract] | ||
| Compensation Related Costs, General [Text Block] | 13. Incentive Compensation Plans In May 2007, the Board of Directors approved the adoption of a new incentive compensation plan. This new plan was effective for fiscal year 2007 and replaced a previous plan. Under the plan, bonuses are payable quarterly in an amount not to exceed 18% of the Company’s Income from Operations for any period, subject to the Company achieving a minimum quarterly Income from Operations of at least $500,000. For fiscal years 2016 and 2015, the Board determined that the aggregate amount of incentive compensation available under the Plan shall be equal to 18% of the Company’s Income from Operations. The bonus pool is allocated to executives according to a specified formula, with a portion allocated to a middle management group determined by the Executive Committee of the Board of Directors. The Company did not incur any incentive compensation expense for 2016 and 2015. In July 2010, the Company’s Reliv Europe subsidiary entered into a long-term performance-based incentive compensation agreement with the subsidiary’s senior managers. The valuation of the compensation agreement was an EBITDA-based formula derived from the subsidiary’s financial performance and vested in 20% annual increments which began in April 2011. Thereafter, annually, the Company incrementally recognized compensation expense in correlation with the incentive’s valuation, with 2015 compensation expense of $90,800 presented within Selling, General, and Administrative in the accompanying consolidated statements of net loss and comprehensive loss. During the second quarter of 2015, the cumulative incentive amount of $756,800 became 100% vested, and concurrently, each of the subsidiary’s senior managers exercised 100% of his/her put option. In the aggregate, the Company and the managers agreed to settle the incentive obligation whereby the Company: issued notes payable of approximately $424,000, issued 100,000 shares of Company common stock (fair value at settlement of $117,000), and made cash payments of approximately $216,000. The notes payable were issued by the Company to the managers in April 2015 and range in length from one to two years with quarterly payments of principal and interest beginning three months from issuance. Each of the notes accrue interest at a floating interest rate based on the three-month pound LIBOR plus 3%. The interest rate at December 31, 2016 was 3.41%. The notes payable have a principal balance at December 31, 2016 of $64,136 and are presented within the respective current and noncurrent portions of long-term debt in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company sponsors a Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (SERP) to allow certain executives to defer a portion of their annual salary and bonus into a grantor trust. A grantor trust was established to hold the assets of the SERP. The Company funds the grantor trust by paying the amount deferred by the participant into the trust at the time of deferral. Investment earnings and losses accrue to the benefit or detriment of the participants. The SERP also provides for a discretionary matching contribution by the Company not to exceed 100% of the participant’s annual contribution. In 2016 and 2015, the Company did not provide a match. The participants fully vest in the deferred compensation three years from the date they enter the SERP. The participants are not eligible to receive distribution under the SERP until retirement, death, or disability of the participant. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, SERP assets were $296,000 and $275,000, respectively, and are included in “Other Assets” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, SERP liabilities were $299,000 and $277,000, respectively, and are included in “Other Non-Current Liabilities” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The changes in the balances of SERP assets and SERP liabilities during 2016 and 2015 were due to net realized and unrealized investment gains/losses incurred by the plan. |
Segment Information |
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| Segment Reporting Disclosure [Text Block] | 14. Segment Information Description of Products and Services by Segment The Company classifies its sales into three categories of sales products plus handling & freight income. Net sales by product category data for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, follow:
The Company operates in one reportable segment, a network marketing segment consisting of six operating units that sell nutritional and dietary products to a sales force of independent distributors that sell the products directly to customers. These operating units are based on geographic regions. Geographic area data for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 follow:
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Restructuring Activities |
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Dec. 31, 2016 | ||
| Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract] | ||
| Restructuring and Related Activities Disclosure [Text Block] | 15. Restructuring Activities In May 2016, the Company implemented an employee headcount cost reduction program resulting in the reduction of approximately 9% of the Company’s worldwide employees. The total cost of the program, representing severance and benefits, was approximately $275,000 in 2016, and was included within Selling, General, and Administrative in the accompanying consolidated statements of net loss and comprehensive loss. The aggregate annual salaries of the affected employees was approximately $1,100,000. At December 31, 2016, there was no remaining reserve for severance and benefits under the program. |
Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) |
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Dec. 31, 2016 | ||
| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ||
| Nature Of Operations Policy [Policy Text Block] | Nature of Business Reliv’ International, Inc. (the Company) produces a proprietary line of nutritional supplements addressing basic nutrition, specific wellness needs, weight management, and sports nutrition. These products are sold by subsidiaries of the Company to a sales force of independent distributors of the Company that sell products directly to consumers. The Company and its subsidiaries sell products to distributors throughout the United States and in Australia, Austria, Canada, France, Germany, Indonesia, Ireland, Malaysia, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, and the United Kingdom. |
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| Basis of Accounting, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Basis of Presentation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its foreign and domestic subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. On October 4, 2016, the Company effected a 1-for-7 reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock. Each stockholder’s percentage ownership and proportional voting power remained unchanged as a result of the reverse stock split. All applicable share data, per share amounts, and related information in these consolidated financial statements and notes thereto have been adjusted retroactively to give effect to the 1-for-7 reverse stock split. |
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| Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Cash Equivalents The Company's policy is to consider the following as cash and cash equivalents: demand deposits and short-term investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased. |
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| Inventory, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Inventories Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market. Product cost includes raw materials, labor, and overhead costs and is accounted for on a first-in, first-out basis. On a periodic basis, the Company reviews its inventory levels, as compared to future demand requirements and the shelf life of the various products. Based on this review, the Company records inventory write-downs when necessary. Sales aids and promotional materials inventories represent distributor kits, product brochures, and other sales and business development materials which are held for sale to distributors. Cost of the sales aids and promotional materials held for sale are capitalized as inventories and subsequently recorded to cost of goods sold upon recognition of revenue when sold to distributors. All other advertising and promotional costs are expensed when incurred. |
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| Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Property, Plant, and Equipment Property, plant, and equipment are stated on the cost basis. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line or an accelerated method over the useful life of the related assets. Generally, computer equipment and software are depreciated over 3 to 5 years, office equipment and machinery over 7 years, and real property over 39 years. |
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| Foreign Currency Transactions and Translations Policy [Policy Text Block] | Foreign Currency Translation and Transaction Gains or Losses All balance sheet accounts have been translated using the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Statements of net income (loss) amounts have been translated using the average exchange rate for the year. The gains and losses resulting from the changes in exchange rates from year to year have been reported in other comprehensive income (loss). The foreign currency translation adjustment is the only component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. If applicable, foreign currency translation adjustments exclude income tax expense (benefit) as certain of the Company’s investments in non-U.S. subsidiaries are deemed to be reinvested for an indefinite period of time. Foreign currency transaction gains (losses) were $147,623 and $(109,491) for 2016 and 2015, respectively. |
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| Earnings Per Share, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share Basic earnings per common share are computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per common share are computed using the weighted average number of common shares and potential dilutive common shares that were outstanding during the period. Potential dilutive common shares consist of outstanding stock options, outstanding stock warrants, and convertible preferred stock. See Note 8 for additional information regarding earnings per share. |
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| Share-based Compensation, Option and Incentive Plans Policy [Policy Text Block] | Stock-Based Compensation The Company has stock-based incentive plans under which it may grant stock option, restricted stock, and unrestricted stock awards. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense based on the grant date fair value of the award and the related vesting terms. Depending upon the characteristics of the option, the fair value of stock-based awards is primarily determined using the Black-Scholes model, which incorporates assumptions and management estimates including the risk-free interest rate, expected volatility, expected option life, and dividend yield. See Note 7 for additional information. The Company accounts for options granted to non-employees and warrants granted to distributors under the fair value approach required by FASB ASC Topic 505-50, “Equity Based Payments to Non-Employees.” |
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| Revenue Recognition, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Revenue Recognition The Company receives payment by credit card, personal check, or guaranteed funds for orders from independent distributors and makes related commission payments in the following month. Generally, net sales reflect product sales less the distributor discount of 20 percent to 40 percent of the suggested retail price. Sales revenue and commission expenses are recorded when the merchandise is shipped, as this is the point title and risk of loss pass to the distributor. In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 605-50, “Revenue Recognition – Customer Payments and Incentives,” the Company presents distributor royalty and commission expense as an operating expense, rather than a reduction to net sales, as these payments are not made to the purchasing distributor. Actual and estimated sales returns are classified as a reduction of net sales. The Company estimates and accrues a reserve for product returns based on the Company’s return policy and historical experience. The Company’s return policy allows for distributors to return product only upon termination of his or her distributorship. Allowable returns are limited to saleable product which was purchased within twelve months of the termination for a refund of 100% of the original purchase price less any distributor royalties and commission received relating to the original purchase of the returned products. For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, total returns as a percent of net sales were approximately 0.20% and 0.24%, respectively. The Company records handling and freight income as a component of net sales and records handling and freight costs as a component of cost of products sold. Total net sales do not include sales tax as the Company considers itself a pass-through conduit for collecting and remitting applicable sales taxes. |
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| Fair Value Measurement, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Fair Value Measurements FASB ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and requires disclosures about fair value measurements required under other accounting pronouncements. See Note 5 for further discussion. |
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| Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Income Taxes The provision for income taxes is computed using the liability method. The primary differences between financial statement and taxable income result from financial statement accruals and reserves and differences between depreciation and stock options for book and tax purposes. Unrecognized tax benefits are accounted for as required by FASB ASC Topic 740 which prescribes a more likely than not threshold for financial statement presentation and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. See Note 11 for further discussion. |
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| Advertising Costs, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Advertising Costs of sales aids and promotional materials are capitalized as inventories. All other advertising and promotional costs are expensed when incurred. The Company recorded $36,900 and $18,500 of advertising expense in 2016 and 2015, respectively. |
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| Research and Development Expense, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Research and Development Expenses Research and development expenses, which are charged to selling, general, and administrative expenses as incurred, were $694,000 and $765,000 in 2016 and 2015, respectively. |
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| Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Amortizable Intangible Assets The Company records intangible assets based on management’s determination of the fair value of the respective assets at the time of acquisition. Determining the fair value of intangible assets is judgmental and involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions of future company operations. The Company bases its fair value estimates and related asset lives on assumptions it believes to be reasonable but that are unpredictable and inherently uncertain. Actual future results may differ from these estimates. Intangible assets estimated to have finite lives are amortized over their estimated economic life under the straight-line method; such method correlates to management’s estimate of the assets’ economic benefit. Based on management’s estimates at origination, these lives range from two to seventeen years. Related amortization expense is presented within Selling, General, and Administrative in the accompanying consolidated statements of net loss and comprehensive loss. As of December 31, 2016, remaining lives of intangible assets range from eight to thirteen years. |
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| Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. |
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| New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block] | New Accounting Pronouncements In November 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes, which requires all deferred income tax assets and liabilities to be classified as non-current on the balance sheet, rather than being separated into current and non-current amounts. The new standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016 with early adoption permitted. The Company early adopted ASU No. 2015-17 as of December 31, 2016. The prospective adoption of this guidance resulted in the classification of all deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities as non-current on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016. Prior periods were not reclassified. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The ASU will replace most existing U.S. GAAP revenue recognition guidance and becomes effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. The new standard permits the use of either the retrospective or modified retrospective transition method. The Company anticipates adopting this guidance in the first quarter of fiscal 2018. The Company’s primary source of revenue is from the sale of nutritional products to the Company’s independent distributors whereby revenue is currently recognized when product is shipped and risk of loss has passed to the customer. Upon adoption of this new standard, the Company believes that the timing of revenue recognition related to nutritional product sales will remain materially consistent with its current practice. Based on the evaluation completed to date, the Company has identified membership fee-type revenue and sales incentive programs as areas that may be affected by the new standard; and these areas require further evaluation. Overall, the Company continues to evaluate the adoption of this standard, including the transition method, will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11, Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory, which requires inventory within the scope of this update to be measured at the lower of its cost or net realizable value, with net realizable value being the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. The new standard is effective prospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016 and will be adopted by the Company in the first quarter of 2017. The Company does not anticipate that the adoption of this standard will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern, which requires management to assess, at each annual and interim reporting period, the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year from the date the financial statements are issued and provide related disclosures. As required, the Company adopted this standard as of December 31, 2016. The Company’s adoption of this standard did not have any impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-2, Leases (Topic 842) which supersedes the existing lease guidance. This update requires lessees to recognize a lease liability and a lease asset for all leases, including operating leases, with a term greater than twelve months on its balance sheet. The update also expands the required quantitative and qualitative disclosures surrounding leases. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within those fiscal years, with earlier application permitted. The Company expects the adoption of this standard to result in the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities not currently recorded in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company is evaluating its transition method and other effects that the new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. This amendment is intended to simplify several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liability, forfeitures, and classification on the statement of cash flows. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016 and will be adopted by the Company in the first quarter of 2017. The Company does not anticipate that the adoption of this standard will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. |
Property, Plant, and Equipment (Tables) |
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| Property, Plant and Equipment [Table Text Block] | Property, plant, and equipment at December 31, 2016 and 2015, consist of the following:
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| Schedule of Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities [Table Text Block] | Accounts payable and accrued expenses at December 31, 2016 and 2015, consist of the following:
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Amortizable Intangible Assets (Tables) |
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| Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Table Text Block] | The Company had amortizable intangible assets as follows as of December 31, 2016 and 2015:
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| Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Future Amortization Expense [Table Text Block] | Amortization expense for amortizable intangible assets over the next five years is estimated to be:
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| Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value, by Balance Sheet Grouping [Table Text Block] | The carrying amount and fair value of financial instruments at December 31, 2016 and 2015 were approximately as follows:
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Debt (Tables) |
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Dec. 31, 2016 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt Disclosure [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Long-term Debt Instruments [Table Text Block] | Debt at December 31, 2016 and 2015 consists of the following:
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| Schedule of Maturities of Long-term Debt [Table Text Block] | Principal maturities of debt at December 31, 2016, are as follows:
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Stockholders' Equity (Tables) |
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| Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Stock Options, Activity [Table Text Block] | A summary of the Company’s stock option activity and related information for the years ended December 31 follows:
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| Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Shares Authorized under Stock Option Plans, by Exercise Price Range [Table Text Block] | The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options outstanding and currently exercisable at December 31, 2016 was $-0-.
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| Warrant [Member] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule Of Share Based Compensation Warrants Activity [Table Text Block] | A summary of the Company’s warrant activity and related information for the years ended December 31 follows:
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| Schedule Of Share Based Payment Award Warrants Valuation Assumptions [Table Text Block] | The fair value of the warrants was estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:
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| Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Shares Authorized under Stock Option Plans, by Exercise Price Range [Table Text Block] |
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Loss per Share (Tables) |
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Dec. 31, 2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings Per Share [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted [Table Text Block] | The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted loss per share:
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Leases (Tables) |
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| Leases [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Future Minimum Rental Payments for Operating Leases [Table Text Block] | Future minimum payments under non-cancelable leases with initial or remaining terms in excess of one year consist of the following at December 31, 2016:
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Income Taxes (Tables) |
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| Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Income before Income Tax, Domestic and Foreign [Table Text Block] |
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| Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) [Table Text Block] |
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| Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Table Text Block] | The provision (benefit) for income taxes is different from the amounts computed by applying the United States federal statutory income tax rate of 34%. The reasons for these differences are as follows:
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| Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities [Table Text Block] | The components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities, and the related tax effects of each temporary difference at December 31, 2016 and 2015, are as follows:
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| Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward [Table Text Block] | The aggregate changes in the balance of gross unrecognized tax benefits were as follows:
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Segment Information (Tables) |
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| Segment Reporting [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule Of Segment Reporting Information By Product [Table Text Block] | The Company classifies its sales into three categories of sales products plus handling & freight income. Net sales by product category data for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, follow:
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| Schedule of Revenue from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets, by Geographical Areas [Table Text Block] | Geographic area data for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 follow:
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Property, Plant, and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) |
Dec. 31, 2016 |
Dec. 31, 2015 |
|---|---|---|
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | ||
| Land and land improvements | $ 905,190 | $ 905,190 |
| Building | 9,943,512 | 9,951,555 |
| Machinery and equipment | 4,329,329 | 4,344,403 |
| Office equipment | 1,203,868 | 1,223,921 |
| Computer equipment and software | 2,218,766 | 2,341,149 |
| Property, plant, and equipment, Gross | 18,600,665 | 18,766,218 |
| Less accumulated depreciation | 12,746,363 | 12,347,091 |
| Property, plant, and equipment, net | $ 5,854,302 | $ 6,419,127 |
Property, Plant, and Equipment (Details Textual) - USD ($) |
12 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2016 |
Dec. 31, 2015 |
|
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | ||
| Depreciation | $ 728,618 | $ 732,968 |
Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($) |
Dec. 31, 2016 |
Dec. 31, 2015 |
|---|---|---|
| Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities [Line Items] | ||
| Trade payables | $ 2,352,692 | $ 1,859,716 |
| Distributors' commissions | 1,402,370 | 1,567,883 |
| Sales taxes | 234,153 | 232,996 |
| Payroll and payroll taxes | 245,090 | 277,157 |
| Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses | $ 4,234,305 | $ 3,937,752 |
Amortizable Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) |
Dec. 31, 2016 |
Dec. 31, 2015 |
|---|---|---|
| Amortizable Intangible Assets [Line Items] | ||
| Gross Carrying Amount | $ 4,014,661 | $ 4,014,661 |
| Accumulated Amortization | 1,614,427 | 1,359,014 |
| Distributorship and related agreements [Member] | ||
| Amortizable Intangible Assets [Line Items] | ||
| Gross Carrying Amount | 2,060,000 | 2,060,000 |
| Accumulated Amortization | 1,217,689 | 1,078,394 |
| Lunasin technology license [Member] | ||
| Amortizable Intangible Assets [Line Items] | ||
| Gross Carrying Amount | 1,954,661 | 1,954,661 |
| Accumulated Amortization | $ 396,738 | $ 280,620 |
Amortizable Intangible Assets (Detail 1) |
Dec. 31, 2016
USD ($)
|
|---|---|
| Finite-lived Intangible Assets Amortization Expense [Line Items] | |
| 2017 | $ 226,000 |
| 2018 | 226,000 |
| 2019 | 226,000 |
| 2020 | 226,000 |
| 2021 | $ 226,000 |
Amortizable Intangible Assets (Details Textual) - USD ($) |
12 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2016 |
Dec. 31, 2015 |
|
| Schedule Of Amortizable Intangible Assets [Line Items] | ||
| Amortization of Intangible Assets | $ 255,413 | $ 270,128 |
Debt (Details) - USD ($) |
Dec. 31, 2016 |
Dec. 31, 2015 |
|---|---|---|
| Carrying Value Of Debt [Line Items] | ||
| Term loan | $ 2,843,301 | $ 3,168,261 |
| Notes payable | 64,136 | 283,455 |
| Obligation for acquisition of technology license, net | 0 | 489,364 |
| Long-term Debt | 2,907,437 | 3,941,080 |
| Less current maturities | 389,096 | 781,505 |
| Long-term portion | $ 2,518,341 | $ 3,159,575 |
Debt (Details 1) - USD ($) |
Dec. 31, 2016 |
Dec. 31, 2015 |
|---|---|---|
| Long-term Debt, Rolling Maturity [Line Items] | ||
| 2017 | $ 389,096 | |
| 2018 | 2,518,341 | |
| Long-term Debt | $ 2,907,437 | $ 3,941,080 |
Stockholders' Equity (Details) - Employee Stock Option [Member] - $ / shares |
12 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2016 |
Dec. 31, 2015 |
|
| Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items] | ||
| Outstanding beginning of the year | 261,700 | 197,419 |
| Options Granted | 0 | 130,710 |
| Options Exercised | 0 | 0 |
| Options Expired and forfeited | (24,856) | (66,429) |
| Outstanding at end of year | 236,844 | 261,700 |
| Exercisable at end of year | 55,066 | 30,638 |
| Weighted Avg. Exercise Price Outstanding beginning of the year (in dollars per share) | $ 8.11 | $ 24.37 |
| Weighted Avg. Exercise Price Granted (in dollars per share) | 7.77 | |
| Weighted Avg. Exercise Price Expired and forfeited (in dollars per share) | 7.96 | 55.78 |
| Weighted Avg. Exercise Price Outstanding at end of year (in dollars per share) | 8.14 | 8.11 |
| Weighted Avg. Exercise Price Exercisable at end of year (in dollars per share) | $ 8.54 | $ 8.64 |
Stockholders' Equity (Details 2) - Warrant [Member] |
12 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2016 |
Dec. 31, 2015 |
|
| Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items] | ||
| Expected warrant life (years) | 3 years | 3 years |
| Risk-free weighted average interest rate | 1.47% | 1.37% |
| Stock price volatility | 75.90% | 68.20% |
| Dividend yield | 0.00% | 0.00% |
Stockholders' Equity (Details 3) - Warrant [Member] - $ / shares |
12 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2016 |
Dec. 31, 2015 |
|
| Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items] | ||
| Outstanding beginning of the year | 5,484 | 4,974 |
| Warrants Granted | 2,519 | 2,183 |
| Warrants Exercised | 0 | 0 |
| Warrants Expired | (1,712) | (1,673) |
| Outstanding at end of year | 6,291 | 5,484 |
| Exercisable at end of year | 6,291 | 5,484 |
| Weighted Avg. Exercise Price Outstanding beginning of the year (in dollars per share) | $ 10.13 | $ 12.47 |
| Weighted Avg. Exercise Price Granted (in dollars per share) | 4.64 | 4.06 |
| Weighted Avg. Exercise Price Expired (in dollars per share) | 19.67 | 9.17 |
| Weighted Avg. Exercise Price Outstanding at end of year (in dollars per share) | $ 5.34 | $ 10.13 |
Loss per Share (Details) - USD ($) |
12 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2016 |
Dec. 31, 2015 |
|
| Numerator: | ||
| Net loss | $ (625,055) | $ (1,224,667) |
| Denominator: | ||
| Denominator for basic loss per share - weighted average shares | 1,845,000 | 1,839,000 |
| Dilutive effect of employee stock options and other warrants | 0 | 0 |
| Denominator for diluted loss per share - adjusted weighted average shares | 1,845,000 | 1,839,000 |
| Basic loss per share | $ (0.34) | $ (0.67) |
| Diluted loss per share | $ (0.34) | $ (0.67) |
Loss per Share (Details Textual) - shares |
12 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2016 |
Dec. 31, 2015 |
|
| Earnings Per Share, Basic, by Common Class, Including Two Class Method [Line Items] | ||
| Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount | 238,433 | 265,001 |
Leases (Details) |
Dec. 31, 2016
USD ($)
|
|---|---|
| Operating Leased Assets [Line Items] | |
| 2017 | $ 282,211 |
| 2018 | 133,435 |
| 2019 | 70,124 |
| 2020 | 50,742 |
| 2021 | 0 |
| Thereafter | 0 |
| Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments Due | $ 536,512 |
Leases (Details Textual) - USD ($) |
12 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2016 |
Dec. 31, 2015 |
|
| Operating Leased Assets [Line Items] | ||
| Operating Leases, Rent Expense | $ 370,554 | $ 424,810 |
Note Receivable Due From Distributor (Details Textual) - USD ($) |
12 Months Ended | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2016 |
Dec. 31, 2013 |
Dec. 31, 2015 |
Dec. 31, 2012 |
|
| Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] | ||||
| Financing Receivable, Net, Total | $ 1,630,164 | $ 1,732,982 | ||
| Loan Modification Agreement [Member] | ||||
| Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] | ||||
| Due from Related Parties | $ 2,000,000 | |||
| Loans Receivable, Description of Variable Rate Basis | greater of 6% or prime | monthly payment of principal and interest | ||
| Financing Receivable, Net, Total | $ 1,630,164 | $ 1,732,982 | ||
| Real Estate Investment [Member] | ||||
| Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] | ||||
| Due from Related Parties | $ 2,000,000 | |||
Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) |
12 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2016 |
Dec. 31, 2015 |
|
| Income Before Income Tax, Domestic and Foreign [Line Items] | ||
| United States | $ (499,004) | $ (103,069) |
| Foreign | (117,051) | (1,359,598) |
| Income before income (loss) taxes | $ (616,055) | $ (1,462,667) |
Income Taxes (Details 1) - USD ($) |
12 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2016 |
Dec. 31, 2015 |
Dec. 31, 2014 |
|
| Current: | |||
| Federal | $ (15,000) | $ (389,000) | |
| State | (10,000) | 21,000 | |
| Foreign | 29,000 | 38,000 | |
| Total current | 4,000 | (330,000) | |
| Deferred: | |||
| Federal | (27,000) | 27,000 | |
| State | (4,000) | 5,000 | |
| Foreign | 36,000 | 60,000 | |
| Total deferred | 5,000 | 92,000 | |
| Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Total | $ 9,000 | $ (238,000) | $ (758,000) |
Income Taxes (Details 2) - USD ($) |
12 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2016 |
Dec. 31, 2015 |
Dec. 31, 2014 |
|
| Provision Benefit For Income Taxes [Line Items] | |||
| Income taxes at U.S. statutory rate | $ (209,000) | $ (497,000) | |
| State income taxes, net of federal benefit | 11,000 | 21,000 | |
| Higher/(lower) effective taxes on earnings/losses in foreign countries | (104,000) | 63,000 | |
| Foreign corporate income taxes | 44,000 | 43,000 | |
| Effect of future tax rate changes to foreign deferred income taxes | 21,000 | 55,000 | |
| Nondeductible meals and entertainment expense | 15,000 | 18,000 | |
| Qualified domestic production activities income, net | 0 | 45,000 | |
| Net operating loss carryback claims | (19,000) | 0 | |
| Valuation allowance, net | 292,000 | 0 | |
| Other | (42,000) | 14,000 | |
| Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Total | $ 9,000 | $ (238,000) | $ (758,000) |
Income Taxes (Details 3) - USD ($) |
Dec. 31, 2016 |
Dec. 31, 2015 |
|---|---|---|
| Deferred tax assets: | ||
| Product refund reserve | $ 10,000 | $ 12,000 |
| Inventory obsolescence reserve | 25,000 | 20,000 |
| Vacation accrual | 6,000 | 14,000 |
| Stock-based compensation | 9,000 | 11,000 |
| Organization costs | 189,000 | 195,000 |
| Deferred compensation | 108,000 | 107,000 |
| Miscellaneous accrued expenses | 10,000 | 13,000 |
| Domestic net operating loss carryforwards | 282,000 | 0 |
| Foreign net operating loss carryforwards | 3,237,000 | 3,112,000 |
| Valuation allowance | (3,042,000) | (2,489,000) |
| Deferred Tax Assets, Net of Valuation Allowance | 834,000 | 995,000 |
| Deferred tax liabilities: | ||
| Depreciation and amortization | 182,000 | 240,000 |
| Foreign currency exchange | 165,000 | 160,000 |
| Deferred Tax Liabilities, Gross | 347,000 | 400,000 |
| Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) | 487,000 | 595,000 |
| Reported as: | ||
| Current deferred tax assets | 0 | 66,000 |
| Non-current deferred tax assets | 487,000 | 623,000 |
| Non-current deferred tax liabilities | 0 | 94,000 |
| Net deferred tax assets | $ 487,000 | $ 595,000 |
Income Taxes (Details 4) - USD ($) |
12 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2016 |
Dec. 31, 2015 |
|
| Income Tax Uncertainties [Line Items] | ||
| Beginning of year | $ 46,000 | $ 48,000 |
| Settlements and effective settlements with tax authorities | 0 | 0 |
| Lapse of statute of limitations | (13,000) | (6,000) |
| Decrease to tax positions taken during prior periods | (7,000) | (7,000) |
| Increase to tax positions taken during current period | 6,000 | 11,000 |
| End of year | $ 32,000 | $ 46,000 |
Employee Benefit Plans (Details Textual) - USD ($) |
12 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2016 |
Dec. 31, 2015 |
|
| Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
| Defined Contribution Plan Contributions By Plan Participants Percentage | 15.00% | |
| Employer Matching Contribution Percentage | 10.00% | 10.00% |
| Defined Contribution Plan, Employer Discretionary Contribution Amount | $ 44,200 | $ 49,300 |
Segment Information (Details ) - USD ($) |
12 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2016 |
Dec. 31, 2015 |
|
| Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] | ||
| Total net sales | $ 45,512,836 | $ 51,768,857 |
| Nutritional And Dietary Supplements [Member] | ||
| Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] | ||
| Total net sales | 40,554,312 | 46,276,222 |
| Skin Care Products [Member] | ||
| Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] | ||
| Total net sales | 0 | 267,737 |
| Sales Aids and Other [Member] | ||
| Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] | ||
| Total net sales | 1,450,649 | 1,215,594 |
| Handling And Freight Income [Member] | ||
| Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] | ||
| Total net sales | $ 3,507,875 | $ 4,009,304 |
Restructuring Activities (Details Textual) |
1 Months Ended |
|---|---|
|
May 31, 2016
USD ($)
| |
| Restructuring and Related Cost, Number of Positions Eliminated, Period Percent | 9.00% |
| Severance Costs | $ 275,000 |
| Labor and Related Expense | $ 1,100,000 |