Investments in Unconsolidated Entities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Real Estate Investments, Net [Abstract]

We participate in a number of joint ventures, which generally invest in seniors housing and health care real estate. Our share of the results of operations for these properties has been included in our consolidated results of operations from the date of acquisition by the joint ventures and are reflected in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income as income or loss from unconsolidated entities. The following is a summary of our investments in unconsolidated entities (dollars in thousands):


	Percentage Ownership(1)	December 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Seniors Housing Operating	10% to 65%	$	830,647	$	653,057
Triple-net	10% to 25%	44,814		5,629
Outpatient Medical	15% to 50%	163,582		287,548
Total		$	1,039,043	$	946,234

(1) Includes ownership of investments classified as liabilities and excludes ownership of in-substance real estate.

We own 34% of Sunrise Senior Living Management, Inc. ("Sunrise"), who provides comprehensive property management and accounting services with respect to certain of our Seniors Housing Operating properties that Sunrise operates. We pay Sunrise annual management fees pursuant to long-term management agreements. The majority of our management agreements have initial terms expiring in 2028, plus, if applicable, optional renewal periods ranging from an additional 3 to 15 years depending on the property. The management fees payable to Sunrise under the management agreements include a fee based on a percentage of revenues generated by the applicable properties plus, if applicable, positive or negative adjustments based on specified performance targets. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, we recognized fees to Sunrise of $37,052,000, $37,569,000 and $41,200,000, respectively, which are reflected within property operating expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

During the year ended December 31, 2019, we sold our interest in a Seniors Housing Operating joint venture and recognized a gain of $38,681,000 in income (loss) from unconsolidated entities in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

At December 31, 2021, the aggregate unamortized basis difference of our joint venture investments of $140,187,000 is primarily attributable to the difference between the amount for which we purchased our interest in the entity, including transaction costs, and the historical carrying value of the net assets of the joint venture. This difference is being amortized over the remaining useful life of the related properties and included in the reported amount of income from unconsolidated entities.

We have made loans related to 12 properties as of December 31, 2021 for the development and construction of certain properties which are classified as in substance real estate investments and have a carrying value of $317,647,000. We believe that such borrowers typically represent VIEs in accordance with ASC 810. VIEs are required to be consolidated by their primary beneficiary which is the enterprise that has both: (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impacts the entity’s economic performance; and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits of the VIE that could be significant to the entity. We have concluded that we are not the primary beneficiary of such borrowers, therefore, the loan arrangements were assessed based on among other factors, the amount and timing of expected residual profits, the estimated fair value of the collateral and the significance of the borrower’s equity in the project. Based on these assessments the arrangements have been classified as in substance real estate investments. We expect to fund an additional $86,644,000 related to these investments.