NATURE OF BUSINESS AND CONTINUATION OF BUSINESS	12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
NATURE OF BUSINESS AND CONTINUATION OF BUSINESS	1. NATURE OF BUSINESS AND CONTINUATION OF BUSINESS Corporate Overview VBI Vaccines Inc. (the “Company” or “VBI”) was incorporated under the laws of British Columbia, Canada on April 9, 1965. The Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, VBI Vaccines (Delaware) Inc., a Delaware corporation (“VBI DE”); VBI DE’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Variation Biotechnologies (US), Inc., a Delaware corporation (“VBI US”); Variation Biotechnologies, Inc. a Canadian company and the wholly-owned subsidiary of VBI US (“VBI Cda”); SciVac Ltd. an Israeli company (“SciVac”); SciVac Hong Kong Limited (“SciVac HK”) and VBI Vaccines B.V a Netherlands company (“VBI BV”), are collectively referred to as the “Company”, “we”, “us”, “our”, or “VBI”. The Company’s registered office is located at Suite 1700, Park Place, 666 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6C 2X8 with its principal office located at 160 Second Street, Floor 3, Cambridge, MA 02142. In addition, the Company has manufacturing facilities located in Rehovot, Israel and research facilities located in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Principal Operations VBI is a commercial-stage biopharmaceutical company driven by immunology in the pursuit of prevention and treatment of disease. Through its innovative approach to virus-like particles (“VLPs”), including a proprietary enveloped VLP (“eVLP”) platform technology and a proprietary mRNA-launched eVLP (“MLE”) platform technology, VBI develops vaccine candidates that mimic the natural presentation of viruses, designed to elicit the innate power of the human immune system. VBI is committed to targeting and overcoming significant infectious diseases, including hepatitis B (“HBV”), COVID-19 and coronaviruses, and cytomegalovirus (“CMV”), as well as aggressive cancers including glioblastoma (“GBM”). VBI is headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts, with research operations in Ottawa, Canada, and a research and manufacturing site in Rehovot, Israel. 2023 Organizational Changes As announced on April 4, 2023, the Company reduced its internal workforce by 30-35%, which began in April and was completed by the end of September 2023. As a result of this and other reductions in spend, VBI operating expenses, excluding impairment charges, were 30-35% lower in the second half of 2023 as compared with the second half of 2022. Liquidity and Going Concern The Company faces a number of risks, including but not limited to, uncertainties regarding the success of the development and commercialization of its products, demand and market acceptance of the Company’s products, and reliance on major customers. The Company anticipates that it will continue to incur significant operating costs and losses in connection with the development and commercialization of its products. The Company has an accumulated deficit of $582,445 and cash of $23,685 as of December 31, 2023. Cash outflows from operating activities were $60,883 for the year-ended December 31, 2023. The Company will require significant additional funds to conduct clinical and non-clinical trials, achieve and maintain regulatory approvals, and commercially launch and sell our approved products. Additional financing may be obtained from the issuance of equity securities, the issuance of additional debt, government or non-governmental organization grants or subsidies, and/or revenues from potential business development transactions, if any. There is no assurance the Company will manage to obtain these sources of financing, if required. Based on available cash at December 31, 2023, together with the net proceeds from the April 2024 Offering, in order to continue to fund our operations, we must raise additional equity or debt capital in the near term and cannot provide any assurance that we will be successful in doing so. If we are unable to obtain additional financing in the near future, we may be required to pursue a reorganization proceeding, including under applicable bankruptcy or insolvency laws. The above conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from this uncertainty. On March 9, 2021, the Company and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (“CEPI”) announced a partnership (“CEPI Funding Agreement”) to develop eVLP vaccine candidates against SARS-COV-2 variants, including the Beta variant, also known as the B.1.351 variant and 501Y.V2, first identified in South Africa. CEPI agreed to provide up to $33,018 to support the advancement of VBI-2905, a monovalent eVLP candidate expressing the pre-fusion form of the spike protein from the Beta variant, through Phase I clinical development. This funding will also support preclinical expansion of additional multivalent vaccine candidates designed to evaluate the potential breadth of our eVLP technology. The preclinical expansion is intended to develop clinic-ready vaccine candidates capable of addressing emerging variants. See more information on the CEPI Funding Agreement in Note 15. On August 26, 2022, we 1) filed a registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-267109), which included a base prospectus which covers the offering, issuance and sale of up to $300,000 of common shares, warrants, units and/or subscription rights; and 2) entered into an Open Market Sale Agreement with Jefferies LLC (“Jefferies”), pursuant to which we may offer and sell our common shares having an aggregate price of up to $125,000 from time to time through Jefferies, acting as agent or principal (the “ATM Program”). During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company issued 1,046,808 common shares under the ATM Program, for total gross proceeds of $738 at a weighted average price of $0.7048 per share. The Company incurred $107 in sales agent commissions and share issuance costs related to the common shares issued during the year ended December 31, 2023, resulting in net proceeds of $631. As of December 31, 2023, approximately $124,262 of common shares remained available for issuance under the ATM Program. Upon filing of this Form 10-K, we will become subject to General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3, pursuant to which in no event will we sell our common shares in a registered primary offering using Form S-3 with a value exceeding more than one-third of our public float in any 12 calendar month period so long as our public float remains below $75,000. Therefore, the amount we may be able to raise using the ATM Program will be significantly less than $125,000, until such time as our public float held by non-affiliates exceeds $75,000. The aggregate market value of our outstanding common shares held by non-affiliates as of filing of this Form 10-K, or the public float, is approximately $25,174, which was calculated based on 27,334,007 common shares outstanding held by non-affiliates and at a price of $0.9210 per share, the closing price of our common shares on April 8, 2024. As of the date hereof, we have not offered or sold any securities pursuant to General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3 during the prior 12 calendar month period that ends on and includes the date hereof. In September 2022, the Company refinanced its existing term loan facility with K2HV to increase the amount of term loans available to $100,000 among other items. See Note 11 for more details. The refinanced long-term debt has a maturity date of September 14, 2026. On July 5, 2023, the Company announced the expansion of its hepatitis B partnership with Brii Bio. Through (i) a Collaboration and License Agreement (the “Collaboration Agreement”), dated July 5, 2023, by and between the Company and Brii Bio, and (ii) the Amended and Restated Collaboration and License Agreement (the “A&R Collaboration Agreement, which amended and restated the Brii Collaboration and License Agreement, and together with the Collaboration Agreement, the “Brii Collaboration Agreements”), dated July 5, 2023, by and between the Company and Brii Bio, Brii Bio expanded its exclusive license to VBI-2601 to global rights and acquired an exclusive license for PreHevbri in Asia Pacific (“APAC”), excluding Japan. As part of this collaboration, Brii Bio paid the Company an upfront payment of $15,000 consisting of a $3,000 equity investment in a concurrent registered direct offering (discussed below), $5,000 as an advance payment for the clinical and commercial manufacture and supply of VBI-2601 and PreHevbri and any related manufacturing expenditures pursuant to a supply agreement (the “Supply Agreement”) dated July 5, 2023, by and between the Company and Brii Bio, and $7,000 as a non-refundable upfront payment pursuant to the Brii Collaboration Agreements. In addition, pursuant to the Letter Agreement (the “Letter Agreement”), dated July 5, 2023, by and among the Company, SciVac, and Brii Bio, the Company also granted to Brii Bio a security interest, subject to a Subordination Agreement between Brii Bio and K2 HealthVentures LLC (“K2HV”), in all of its respective right, title, and interest in and to all intellectual property, know-how, and licenses to the extent related to PreHevbri and VBI-2601, and all proceeds of the foregoing, in order to secure performance of all of the Company’s obligations under the Brii Collaboration Agreements, the Supply Agreement, and the Loan Agreement (as defined herein). In July 2023, the Company closed (i) an underwritten public offering of 12,445,454 common shares and accompanying common warrants to purchase up to 12,545,454 common shares (which included 1,536,363 common shares and common warrants to purchase up to 1,636,363 common shares issued pursuant to the underwriters’ partial exercise of their option to purchase additional common shares and common warrants) at a combined public offering price of $1.65 per common share and accompanying common warrant, and (ii) a concurrent registered direct offering, pursuant to the expanded hepatitis B partnership with Brii Bio, of 1,818,182 common shares and accompanying common warrants to purchase up to 1,818,182 common shares, at a combined purchase price of $1.65 per share and accompanying common warrant. The accompanying common warrants issued and sold in each of the underwritten public offering and the registered direct offering have an initial exercise price of $1.65 per share, which, pursuant to certain anti-dilution provisions of the warrants, was reduced to $0.6057 per share, as of December 31, 2023, and expire five years from the date of issuance. The aggregate gross proceeds from the underwritten public offering, including aggregate gross proceeds from the underwriters’ exercise of their option to purchase additional securities, were $20,500. The aggregate gross proceeds from the concurrent registered direct offering were $3,000. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had outstanding warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 14,363,636 common shares, issued in July 2023. Pursuant to certain anti-dilution provisions of the warrants, as the consideration paid per common share under the ATM Program was less than the exercise price of such warrants in effect immediately prior to such issuance (“New Issuance Price”), the exercise price of the warrants (the “Exercise Price”) was reduced to the New Issuance Price. As of December 31, 2023, the Exercise Price in effect was $0.6057 per share, which resulted in a deemed dividend of $1,005 as the fair value of the warrants was greater subsequent to the reduction in Exercise Price than it was immediately prior to such reduction in Exercise Price. The fair values were determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. On November 1, 2023, the Company received a letter from the Listing Qualifications Department of the Nasdaq Capital Market’s (“Nasdaq”) indicating that, based upon the closing bid price of the Company’s common shares for the 30 consecutive business day period between September 19, 2023 through October 31, 2023, it did not meet the minimum bid price of $1.00 per share required for continued listing on Nasdaq pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2). The letter also indicated that the Company will be provided with a compliance period of 180 calendar days, or until April 29, 2024 (the “Compliance Period”), in which to regain compliance pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A). In order to regain compliance with Nasdaq’s minimum bid price requirement, the common shares must maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 for a minimum of ten consecutive business days during the Compliance Period. In the event that the Company does not regain compliance by the end of the Compliance Period, it may be eligible for additional time to regain compliance. To qualify, the Company will be required to meet the continued listing requirement for the market value of our publicly held shares and all other initial listing standards for Nasdaq, with the exception of the bid price requirement, and will need to provide written notice of our intention to cure the deficiency during the second compliance period, by effecting a reverse stock split if necessary. If we meet these requirements, the Company may be granted an additional 180 calendar days to regain compliance. The Company has not regained compliance as of the date of this Form 10-K, and if it fails to regain compliance during the Compliance Period or any subsequent grace period granted by Nasdaq, its common shares will be subject to delisting by Nasdaq, which could seriously decrease or eliminate the value of an investment in the common shares and result in significantly increased uncertainty as to the Company’s ability to raise additional capital.

NATURE OF BUSINESS AND CONTINUATION OF BUSINESS

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

NATURE OF BUSINESS AND CONTINUATION OF BUSINESS

1. NATURE OF BUSINESS AND CONTINUATION OF BUSINESS

Corporate Overview

VBI Vaccines Inc. (the “Company” or “VBI”) was incorporated under the laws of British Columbia, Canada on April 9, 1965.

The Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, VBI Vaccines (Delaware) Inc., a Delaware corporation (“VBI DE”); VBI DE’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Variation Biotechnologies (US), Inc., a Delaware corporation (“VBI US”); Variation Biotechnologies, Inc. a Canadian company and the wholly-owned subsidiary of VBI US (“VBI Cda”); SciVac Ltd. an Israeli company (“SciVac”); SciVac Hong Kong Limited (“SciVac HK”) and VBI Vaccines B.V a Netherlands company (“VBI BV”), are collectively referred to as the “Company”, “we”, “us”, “our”, or “VBI”.

The Company’s registered office is located at Suite 1700, Park Place, 666 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6C 2X8 with its principal office located at 160 Second Street, Floor 3, Cambridge, MA 02142. In addition, the Company has manufacturing facilities located in Rehovot, Israel and research facilities located in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Principal Operations

VBI is a commercial-stage biopharmaceutical company driven by immunology in the pursuit of prevention and treatment of disease. Through its innovative approach to virus-like particles (“VLPs”), including a proprietary enveloped VLP (“eVLP”) platform technology and a proprietary mRNA-launched eVLP (“MLE”) platform technology, VBI develops vaccine candidates that mimic the natural presentation of viruses, designed to elicit the innate power of the human immune system. VBI is committed to targeting and overcoming significant infectious diseases, including hepatitis B (“HBV”), COVID-19 and coronaviruses, and cytomegalovirus (“CMV”), as well as aggressive cancers including glioblastoma (“GBM”). VBI is headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts, with research operations in Ottawa, Canada, and a research and manufacturing site in Rehovot, Israel.

2023 Organizational Changes

As announced on April 4, 2023, the Company reduced its internal workforce by 30-35%, which began in April and was completed by the end of September 2023. As a result of this and other reductions in spend, VBI operating expenses, excluding impairment charges, were 30-35% lower in the second half of 2023 as compared with the second half of 2022.

Liquidity and Going Concern

The Company faces a number of risks, including but not limited to, uncertainties regarding the success of the development and commercialization of its products, demand and market acceptance of the Company’s products, and reliance on major customers. The Company anticipates that it will continue to incur significant operating costs and losses in connection with the development and commercialization of its products.

The Company has an accumulated deficit of $582,445 and cash of $23,685 as of December 31, 2023. Cash outflows from operating activities were $60,883 for the year-ended December 31, 2023.

The Company will require significant additional funds to conduct clinical and non-clinical trials, achieve and maintain regulatory approvals, and commercially launch and sell our approved products. Additional financing may be obtained from the issuance of equity securities, the issuance of additional debt, government or non-governmental organization grants or subsidies, and/or revenues from potential business development transactions, if any. There is no assurance the Company will manage to obtain these sources of financing, if required. Based on available cash at December 31, 2023, together with the net proceeds from the April 2024 Offering, in order to continue to fund our operations, we must raise additional equity or debt capital in the near term and cannot provide any assurance that we will be successful in doing so. If we are unable to obtain additional financing in the near future, we may be required to pursue a reorganization proceeding, including under applicable bankruptcy or insolvency laws. The above conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from this uncertainty.

On March 9, 2021, the Company and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (“CEPI”) announced a partnership (“CEPI Funding Agreement”) to develop eVLP vaccine candidates against SARS-COV-2 variants, including the Beta variant, also known as the B.1.351 variant and 501Y.V2, first identified in South Africa. CEPI agreed to provide up to $33,018 to support the advancement of VBI-2905, a monovalent eVLP candidate expressing the pre-fusion form of the spike protein from the Beta variant, through Phase I clinical development. This funding will also support preclinical expansion of additional multivalent vaccine candidates designed to evaluate the potential breadth of our eVLP technology. The preclinical expansion is intended to develop clinic-ready vaccine candidates capable of addressing emerging variants. See more information on the CEPI Funding Agreement in Note 15.

On August 26, 2022, we 1) filed a registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-267109), which included a base prospectus which covers the offering, issuance and sale of up to $300,000 of common shares, warrants, units and/or subscription rights; and 2) entered into an Open Market Sale Agreement with Jefferies LLC (“Jefferies”), pursuant to which we may offer and sell our common shares having an aggregate price of up to $125,000 from time to time through Jefferies, acting as agent or principal (the “ATM Program”). During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company issued 1,046,808 common shares under the ATM Program, for total gross proceeds of $738 at a weighted average price of $0.7048 per share. The Company incurred $107 in sales agent commissions and share issuance costs related to the common shares issued during the year ended December 31, 2023, resulting in net proceeds of $631. As of December 31, 2023, approximately $124,262 of common shares remained available for issuance under the ATM Program.

Upon filing of this Form 10-K, we will become subject to General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3, pursuant to which in no event will we sell our common shares in a registered primary offering using Form S-3 with a value exceeding more than one-third of our public float in any 12 calendar month period so long as our public float remains below $75,000. Therefore, the amount we may be able to raise using the ATM Program will be significantly less than $125,000, until such time as our public float held by non-affiliates exceeds $75,000. The aggregate market value of our outstanding common shares held by non-affiliates as of filing of this Form 10-K, or the public float, is approximately $25,174, which was calculated based on 27,334,007 common shares outstanding held by non-affiliates and at a price of $0.9210 per share, the closing price of our common shares on April 8, 2024. As of the date hereof, we have not offered or sold any securities pursuant to General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3 during the prior 12 calendar month period that ends on and includes the date hereof.

In September 2022, the Company refinanced its existing term loan facility with K2HV to increase the amount of term loans available to $100,000 among other items. See Note 11 for more details. The refinanced long-term debt has a maturity date of September 14, 2026.

On July 5, 2023, the Company announced the expansion of its hepatitis B partnership with Brii Bio. Through (i) a Collaboration and License Agreement (the “Collaboration Agreement”), dated July 5, 2023, by and between the Company and Brii Bio, and (ii) the Amended and Restated Collaboration and License Agreement (the “A&R Collaboration Agreement, which amended and restated the Brii Collaboration and License Agreement, and together with the Collaboration Agreement, the “Brii Collaboration Agreements”), dated July 5, 2023, by and between the Company and Brii Bio, Brii Bio expanded its exclusive license to VBI-2601 to global rights and acquired an exclusive license for PreHevbri in Asia Pacific (“APAC”), excluding Japan. As part of this collaboration, Brii Bio paid the Company an upfront payment of $15,000 consisting of a $3,000 equity investment in a concurrent registered direct offering (discussed below), $5,000 as an advance payment for the clinical and commercial manufacture and supply of VBI-2601 and PreHevbri and any related manufacturing expenditures pursuant to a supply agreement (the “Supply Agreement”) dated July 5, 2023, by and between the Company and Brii Bio, and $7,000 as a non-refundable upfront payment pursuant to the Brii Collaboration Agreements. In addition, pursuant to the Letter Agreement (the “Letter Agreement”), dated July 5, 2023, by and among the Company, SciVac, and Brii Bio, the Company also granted to Brii Bio a security interest, subject to a Subordination Agreement between Brii Bio and K2 HealthVentures LLC (“K2HV”), in all of its respective right, title, and interest in and to all intellectual property, know-how, and licenses to the extent related to PreHevbri and VBI-2601, and all proceeds of the foregoing, in order to secure performance of all of the Company’s obligations under the Brii Collaboration Agreements, the Supply Agreement, and the Loan Agreement (as defined herein).

In July 2023, the Company closed (i) an underwritten public offering of 12,445,454 common shares and accompanying common warrants to purchase up to 12,545,454 common shares (which included 1,536,363 common shares and common warrants to purchase up to 1,636,363 common shares issued pursuant to the underwriters’ partial exercise of their option to purchase additional common shares and common warrants) at a combined public offering price of $1.65 per common share and accompanying common warrant, and (ii) a concurrent registered direct offering, pursuant to the expanded hepatitis B partnership with Brii Bio, of 1,818,182 common shares and accompanying common warrants to purchase up to 1,818,182 common shares, at a combined purchase price of $1.65 per share and accompanying common warrant. The accompanying common warrants issued and sold in each of the underwritten public offering and the registered direct offering have an initial exercise price of $1.65 per share, which, pursuant to certain anti-dilution provisions of the warrants, was reduced to $0.6057 per share, as of December 31, 2023, and expire five years from the date of issuance. The aggregate gross proceeds from the underwritten public offering, including aggregate gross proceeds from the underwriters’ exercise of their option to purchase additional securities, were $20,500. The aggregate gross proceeds from the concurrent registered direct offering were $3,000.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had outstanding warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 14,363,636 common shares, issued in July 2023. Pursuant to certain anti-dilution provisions of the warrants, as the consideration paid per common share under the ATM Program was less than the exercise price of such warrants in effect immediately prior to such issuance (“New Issuance Price”), the exercise price of the warrants (the “Exercise Price”) was reduced to the New Issuance Price. As of December 31, 2023, the Exercise Price in effect was $0.6057 per share, which resulted in a deemed dividend of $1,005 as the fair value of the warrants was greater subsequent to the reduction in Exercise Price than it was immediately prior to such reduction in Exercise Price. The fair values were determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.

On November 1, 2023, the Company received a letter from the Listing Qualifications Department of the Nasdaq Capital Market’s (“Nasdaq”) indicating that, based upon the closing bid price of the Company’s common shares for the 30 consecutive business day period between September 19, 2023 through October 31, 2023, it did not meet the minimum bid price of $1.00 per share required for continued listing on Nasdaq pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2). The letter also indicated that the Company will be provided with a compliance period of 180 calendar days, or until April 29, 2024 (the “Compliance Period”), in which to regain compliance pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A).

In order to regain compliance with Nasdaq’s minimum bid price requirement, the common shares must maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 for a minimum of ten consecutive business days during the Compliance Period. In the event that the Company does not regain compliance by the end of the Compliance Period, it may be eligible for additional time to regain compliance. To qualify, the Company will be required to meet the continued listing requirement for the market value of our publicly held shares and all other initial listing standards for Nasdaq, with the exception of the bid price requirement, and will need to provide written notice of our intention to cure the deficiency during the second compliance period, by effecting a reverse stock split if necessary. If we meet these requirements, the Company may be granted an additional 180 calendar days to regain compliance. The Company has not regained compliance as of the date of this Form 10-K, and if it fails to regain compliance during the Compliance Period or any subsequent grace period granted by Nasdaq, its common shares will be subject to delisting by Nasdaq, which could seriously decrease or eliminate the value of an investment in the common shares and result in significantly increased uncertainty as to the Company’s ability to raise additional capital.