10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

[X] QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018

OR

[  ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _______ to

Commission file number: 001-37769

VBI VACCINES INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

British Columbia, Canada	N/A
(State or other jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)	Identification No.)

222 Third Street, Suite 2241 Cambridge, Massachusetts	02142
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 617-830-3031

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes [X] No [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

Yes [X] No [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, and “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer [  ]	Accelerated filer [X]
Non-accelerated filer [  ]	Smaller reporting company [X]
	Emerging growth company [X]

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [X]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes [  ] No [X]

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Common Shares, no par value per share	64,383,391
(Class)	Outstanding at November 9, 2018

VBI VACCINES INC.

FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED September 30, 2018

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION		5
Item 1.	Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	5
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - September 30, 2018 (unaudited) and December 31, 2017	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (unaudited)	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (unaudited)	7
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (unaudited)	8
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	9
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	20
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	27
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	27
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION		28
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	28
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	28
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	28
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	28
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosure	28
Item 5.	Other Information	28
Item 6.	Exhibits	28
Signatures		30

2

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND OTHER INFORMATION
CONTAINED IN THIS REPORT

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q (this “Form 10-Q”) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and the provisions of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Forward-looking statements give our current expectations or forecasts of future events. You can identify these statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. You can find many (but not all) of these statements by looking for words such as “approximates,” “believes,” “hopes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “will”, “may,” or other similar expressions in this Form 10-Q. In particular, these include statements relating to future actions; prospective products, applications, customers and technologies; future performance or results of anticipated products; anticipated expenses; and projected financial results. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from our historical experience and our present expectations or projections described under the sections in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q entitled “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and in the sections entitled “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our 2017 annual report on the Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 26, 2018. Factors that could cause actual results to differ from those discussed in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

● the timing of, and our ability to, obtain and maintain regulatory approvals for our clinical trials, products and product candidates;

● the timing and results of our ongoing and planned clinical trials for products and product candidates;

● the amount of funds we require for our immuno-oncology and infectious disease vaccine candidate pipeline;

● the potential benefits of strategic partnership agreements and our ability to enter into strategic partnership arrangements;

● our ability to effectively execute and deliver our plans related to commercialization, marketing and manufacturing capabilities and strategy;

● our ability to license our intellectual property;

● our ability to maintain a good relationship with our employees;

● the ability of our contract research organizations, third party investigators and independent sites to fulfill their contractual obligations or meet expected deadlines in conducting our clinical trials;

● the suitability and adequacy of our office, manufacturing and research facilities and our ability to secure term extensions or expansions of leased space;

● our ability to manufacture, or to have manufactured, any products we develop to the standards and requirements of regulatory agencies;

● the ability of our vendors to manufacture and deliver materials that meet regulatory agency and our standards and requirements in order to meet planned timelines and milestones;

● any disruption in the operations of our manufacturing facility where we manufacture all of our clinical and commercial supplies of Sci-B-Vac™;

● the ability to complete the modernization and capacity increases of our manufacturing facility and resume manufacturing in a timely manner;

● our compliance with all laws, rules and regulations applicable to our business and products;

● our ability to continue as a going concern;

● our history of losses;

● our ability to generate revenues and achieve profitability;

● emerging competition and rapidly advancing technology in our industry that may outpace our technology;

● customer demand for our products and product candidates;

● the impact of competitive or alternative products, technologies and pricing;

● general economic conditions and events and the impact they may have on us and our potential customers;

● our ability to obtain adequate financing in the future on reasonable terms, as and when we need it;

● our ability to implement network systems and controls that are effective at preventing cyber-attacks, malware intrusions, malicious viruses and ransomware threats;

● our ability to secure and maintain protection over our intellectual property;

● changes to legal and regulatory processes for biosimilar approval and marketing could reduce the duration of market exclusivity for our products;

● our ability to maintain our existing licenses for intellectual property;

● our success at managing the risks involved in the foregoing items; and

● other factors discussed in this Form 10-Q.

3

Because forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified and some of which are beyond our control, you should not rely on these forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. The events and circumstances reflected in our forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur and actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors and uncertainties may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all risk factors and uncertainties. Except as required by applicable law, we do not plan to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements contained herein, whether as a result of any new information, future events, changed circumstances or otherwise.

Unless otherwise stated or the context otherwise requires, the terms “VBI,” “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” refer to VBI Vaccines Inc. and its subsidiaries.

Unless indicated otherwise, all references to the U.S. Dollar, Dollar or $ are to the United States Dollar, the legal currency of the United States of America and all references to € mean Euros, the legal currency of the European Union. We may also refer to NIS, which is the New Israeli Shekel, the legal currency of Israel, and the Canadian Dollar or CAD, which is the legal currency of Canada.

Except for per share amounts or as otherwise specified to be in millions, amounts presented are stated in thousands.

4

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

VBI Vaccines Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share amounts)

	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
	(unaudited)
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash	$	25,986		$	67,694
Accounts receivable, net		124			143
Inventory, net		1,120			788
Prepaid expenses		461			951
Other current assets		2,469			850
Total current assets		30,160			70,426
NON-CURRENT ASSETS
Other long-term assets		1,113			675
Property and equipment, net		7,293			2,245
Intangible assets, net		61,531			63,336
Goodwill		8,727			8,974
Total non-current assets		78,664			75,230
TOTAL ASSETS	$	108,824		$	145,656
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable	$	4,510		$	1,810
Other current liabilities		12,455			9,826
Current portion of long-term debt – related party		1,800			1,600
Total current liabilities		18,765			13,236
NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES
Long-term debt, net of debt discount – related party		11,884			11,538
Liabilities for severance pay		378			426
Deferred revenues, net of current portion		669			669
Total non-current liabilities		12,931			12,633
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (NOTE 12)
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common shares (unlimited authorized; no par value) (2018 - issued and outstanding 64,383,391; 2017 - issued and outstanding 64,078,781)		202,955			201,806
Additional paid-in capital		62,881			60,891
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income		(383	)		1,065
Accumulated deficit		(188,325	)		(143,975	)
Total stockholders’ equity		77,128			119,787
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	$	108,824		$	145,656

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

5

VBI Vaccines Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	Three Months Ended September 30						Nine Months Ended September 30
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Revenues	$	259		$	193		$	671		$	664
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenue		801			1,334			3,281			3,966
Research and development		10,507			5,205			28,385			14,387
General and administrative		3,493			2,795			10,904			8,611
Total operating expenses		14,801			9,334			42,570			26,964
Loss from operations		(14,542	)		(9,141	)		(41,899	)		(26,300	)
Interest expense, net of interest income (including related party – see Note 9)		(716	)		(742	)		(1,891	)		(2,188	)
Foreign exchange (loss) gain		(112	)		81			(560	)		605
Loss before incomes taxes		(15,370	)		(9,802	)		(44,350	)		(27,883	)
Income tax benefit		-			-			-			431
NET LOSS	$	(15,370	)	$	(9,802	)	$	(44,350	)	$	(27,452	)
Net loss per share of common shares, basic and diluted	$	(0.24	)	$	(0.24	)	$	(0.69	)	$	(0.68	)
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding, basic and diluted		64,383,391			40,229,371			64,274,310			40,115,689
Other comprehensive (loss) income - currency translation adjustments		1,541			2,818			(1,448	)		4,834
COMPREHENSIVE LOSS	$	(13,829	)	$	(6,984	)	$	(45,798	)	$	(22,618	)

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

6

VBI Vaccines Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share amounts)

	Number of Common Shares		Share Capital		Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) - Currency Translation Adjustments			Accumulated Deficit			Total Stockholders’ Equity
BALANCE AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2017		64,078,781	$	201,806	$	60,891	$	1,065		$	(143,975	)	$	119,787
Stock-based compensation		264,782		1,084		1,604		-			-			2,688
Common shares issued on exercise of stock options		39,828		65		-		-			-			65
Warrant modification in connection with debt amendment		-		-		386		-			-			386
Net loss								-			(44,350	)		(44,350	)
Currency translation adjustments		-		-		-		(1,448	)		-			(1,448	)
BALANCE AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2018		64,383,391	$	202,955	$	62,881	$	(383	)	$	(188,325	)	$	77,128

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

7

VBI Vaccines Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30
	2018			2017
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net loss	$	(44,350	)	$	(27,452	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		417			539
Stock-based compensation		2,688			1,844
Amortization of debt discount		931			884
Deferred taxes		-			(431	)
Impairment of property and equipment (Note 5)		278			-
Impairment of intangibles		-			300
Net change in operating working capital items:
(Decrease) increase in accounts receivable		13			(187	)
(Increase) decrease in inventory		(373	)		198
(Increase) in prepaid expenses		(3	)		(183	)
(Increase) in other current assets		(1,735	)		(503	)
(Increase) decrease in other long-term assets		(11	)		26
Increase in accounts payable		1,292			423
Increase (decrease) in deferred revenues		34			(94	)
Increase in other current liabilities		2,836			2,746
Net cash flows used in operating activities		(37,983	)		(21,890	)
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchase of property and equipment		(3,619	)		(526	)
Net cash flows used in investing activities		(3,619	)		(526	)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from issuance of common shares for cash, upon exercise of stock options		65			16
Net cash flows provided by financing activities		65			16
Effect of exchange rates on cash		(171	)		172
CHANGE IN CASH FOR THE PERIOD		(41,708	)		(22,228	)
CASH, BEGINNING OF PERIOD		67,694			32,282
CASH, END OF PERIOD	$	25,986		$	10,054
Supplementary information:
Interest paid – related party	$	1,469		$	1,375
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Warrant modification in connection with debt amendment		386			-
Capital expenditures included in accounts payable and other current liabilities		2,367			145

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

8

VBI Vaccines Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

1. NATURE OF BUSINESS AND CONTINUATION OF BUSINESS

Corporate Overview

VBI Vaccines Inc. (the “Company” or “VBI”) was incorporated under the laws of British Columbia, Canada on April 9, 1965.

The Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, VBI Vaccines (Delaware) Inc., a Delaware corporation (“VBI DE”); VBI DE’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Variation Biotechnologies (US), Inc., a Delaware corporation (“VBI US”); Variation Biotechnologies Inc. a Canadian company and the wholly-owned subsidiary of VBI US (“VBI Cda”); and SciVac Ltd. an Israeli company (“SciVac”) are collectively referred to as the “Company”, “we”, “us”, “our” or “VBI”.

The Company’s registered office is located at Suite 1700, Park Place, 666 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6C 2X8 with its principal office located at 222 Third Street, Suite 2241, Cambridge, MA 02142. In addition, the Company has manufacturing facilities located in Rehovot, Israel and research facilities located in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Principal Operations

VBI is a commercial-stage, biopharmaceutical company developing next generation vaccines to address unmet needs in infectious disease and immuno-oncology. Our lead product, Sci-B-Vac, is a third generation Hepatitis B vaccine for adults, children and newborns, which is approved for use in Israel and 10 other countries. Sci-B-Vac has not yet been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”), the European Medicines Agency (the “EMA”) or Health Canada. VBI is currently conducting a global Phase III clinical program for Sci-B-Vac to obtain FDA, EMA and Health Canada market approvals for commercial sale of Sci-B-Vac in the United States, Europe and Canada, respectively. Our wholly-owned subsidiary in Rehovot, Israel, SciVac Ltd., manufactures and sells Sci-B-Vac.

VBI is also advancing a pipeline of enveloped virus-like particle (“eVLP”) vaccines, developed with our eVLP platform technology that allows for the design of vaccines that closely mimic the structure of the target viruses. We have lead programs in both infectious diseases, with our congenital cytomegalovirus (“CMV”) vaccine candidate, and in immuno-oncology, with our glioblastoma multiforme (“GBM”) vaccine candidate. CMV is an infection that, while common, can lead to serious complications in newborns and people with weakened immune systems, and GBM is a common and aggressive form of brain cancer.

9

Liquidity and Going Concern

The Company has a limited operating history and faces a number of risks, including but not limited to, uncertainties regarding the success of the development and commercialization of its products, demand and market acceptance of the Company’s products and reliance on major customers. The Company anticipates that it will continue to incur significant operating costs and losses in connection with the development of its products.

The Company has an accumulated deficit of $188,325 as of September 30, 2018 and cash outflows from operating activities of $37,983 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

The Company will require significant additional funds to conduct clinical and non-clinical trials, achieve regulatory approvals, and, subject to such approvals, commercially launch its products. The Company plans to finance future operations with existing cash reserves. Additional financing, if required, could be a combination of proceeds from the issuance of equity securities, the issuance of additional debt, structured asset financings, or revenues from potential collaborations, if any. There is no assurance the Company will manage to obtain these sources of financing, if required. The above conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

The Company’s fiscal year ends on December 31 of each calendar year. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in U.S. dollars (“USD”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), for interim reporting. Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with United States of America generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”), have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The December 31, 2017 consolidated balance sheet in this document was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements and does not include all of the disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. The condensed consolidated financial statements and notes included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q (this “Form 10-Q”) should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (the “2017 10-K”), as filed with the SEC on February 26, 2018.

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries: SciVac, VBI DE, VBI US and VBI Cda. Intercompany balances and transactions between the Company and its subsidiaries are eliminated in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

In the opinion of management, these condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments and accruals of a normal and recurring nature necessary to fairly state the results of the periods presented. The results for the periods presented are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full year or for any future periods.

10

Reclassification

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current quarter presentation and were not material to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Significant Accounting Policies

The significant accounting policies used in the preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements are disclosed in the 2017 10-K, and there have been no changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, other than revenue recognition discussed below.

Revenue recognition

Revenues consist primarily of product sales of vaccines and research services. We apply the five-step model outlined in Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts from Customers (ASC 606). Revenue is recognized when control of the promised products or services is transferred to the Company’s customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those products or services (the transaction price). We adopted ASC 606 effective January 1, 2018. As a result, we have changed our accounting for revenue recognition. We applied ASC 606 using the modified retrospective method and there was no material impact to our consolidated financial statements related to the adoption of ASC 606.

Foreign currency

The functional and reporting currency of the Company is the USD. Each of the Company’s subsidiaries determines its own respective functional currency based on the primary economic environment that it operates in, and this currency is used to separately measure each entity’s financial position and operating results.

Assets and liabilities of foreign operations with a different functional currency from that of the Company are translated at the closing rate at the end of each reporting period. Profit or loss items are translated at average exchange rates for all the relevant periods. All resulting translation differences are recognized as a component of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income.

Foreign exchange gains and losses arising from transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the entity involved, are included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Use of Estimates

Preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We continually evaluate estimates used in the preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements for reasonableness. Appropriate adjustments, if any, to the estimates used are made prospectively based upon such periodic evaluation. The significant areas of estimation include determining the deferred tax valuation allowance, estimating accrued clinical expenses, the inputs in determining the fair value of the in-process research and development (“IPR&D”) and goodwill as part of the annual impairment analysis, the inputs in determining the fair value of equity-based awards and warrants issued as well as the values ascribed to assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations. Actual results may differ from estimates made.

Goodwill and In-Process Research and Development

The Company’s intangible assets determined to have indefinite useful lives including IPR&D and goodwill, are tested for impairment annually, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that the assets might be impaired. Such circumstances could include but are not limited to: (1) a significant adverse change in legal factors or in business climate, (2) unanticipated competition, or (3) an adverse action or assessment by a regulator.

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired in a business combination. When evaluating goodwill for impairment, we may first perform an assessment qualitatively whether it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s carrying amount exceeds its fair value, referred to as a “step zero” approach. Subsequently (if necessary after step zero), if the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeded its fair value an impairment would be recorded. We would perform our goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. The Company has established August 31st as the date for its annual impairment test of goodwill. There was no goodwill impairment determined as a result of the Company’s annual testing on August 31, 2018. The fair value of the Company, which consists of a single reporting unit, included in the impairment test was determined using the closing market stock price of VBI as of August 31, 2018.

The goodwill is in VBI Cda and the change in carrying value from December 31, 2017 relates to currency translation adjustments which decreased goodwill by $247 for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2018.

11

The costs of rights to IPR&D projects acquired in an asset acquisition are expensed in the consolidated statements of operations unless the project has an alternative future use. These costs include initial payments incurred prior to regulatory approval in connection with research and development agreements that provide rights to develop, manufacture, market and/or sell pharmaceutical products.

IPR&D acquired in a business combination is capitalized as an intangible asset and tested for impairment at least annually until commercialization, after which time the IPR&D is amortized over its estimated useful life. The impairment test compares the carrying amount of the IPR&D asset to its fair value. If the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the asset, such excess is recorded as an impairment loss. There was no IPR&D impairment determined as a result of the Company’s annual testing on August 31, 2018. The fair value of the IPR&D assets included in the impairment test on August 31, 2018 was determined using the income approach method and is considered Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. Some of the more significant estimates and assumptions inherent in the estimate of the fair value of IPR&D assets include the amount and timing of costs to develop the IPR&D into viable products, the amount and timing of future cash inflows, the discount rate and the probability of technical and regulatory success applied to the cash flows. The discount rate used was 13.5%  and the cumulative probability of technical and regulatory success to achieve approval to market the products ranged from approximately 6% to 25%.  

The change in carrying value from December 31, 2017 relates to currency translation adjustments which decreased IPR&D by $1,735 for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2018.

Fair value measurements of financial instruments

Accounting guidance defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (the exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The accounting guidance outlines a valuation framework and creates a fair value hierarchy in order to increase the consistency and comparability of fair value measurements and the related disclosures.

The fair value hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the source of inputs as follows:

Level 1 — Valuations based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 — Valuations based on observable inputs and quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities.

Level 3 — Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and models that are significant to the overall fair value measurement.

Financial instruments recognized in the condensed consolidated balance sheet consist of cash, accounts receivable, other current assets, accounts payable and other current liabilities. The Company believes that the carrying value of its current financial instruments approximates their fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The Company does not hold any derivative financial instruments.

The carrying amounts of the Company’s long-term assets approximate their respective fair values.

At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the fair value of our outstanding debt, which is considered level 3 in the fair value hierarchy, is estimated to be approximately $15,639  and $15,157, respectively.

12

3. NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Recently Issued Accounting Standards, not yet Adopted

Leases

In February 2016 the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2016-02: Leases. The ASU introduces a lessee model that results in most leases impacting the balance sheet. The ASU addresses other concerns related to the current lease model. Under ASU 2016-02, lessees will be required to recognize for all leases with terms longer than 12 months, at the commencement date of the lease, a lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease measured on a discounted basis, and a right-to-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use or control the use of a specified asset for the lease term. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition. The update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years.

In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-10 “Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases”.  This ASU affects narrow aspects of the guidance issued in the amendments in ASU 2016-02 including those regarding residual value guarantees, rate implicit in the lease, lessee reassessment of lease classification, lessor reassessment of lease term and purchase option, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, investment tax credits, lease term and purchase option, transition guidance for amounts previously recognized in business combinations, certain transition adjustments, transition guidance for leases previously classified as capital leases under Topic 840, transition guidance for modifications to leases previously classified as direct financing or sales-type leases under Topic 840, transition guidance for sale and leaseback transactions, impairment of net investment in the lease, unguaranteed residual asset, effect of initial direct costs on rate implicit in the lease, and failed sale and leaseback transactions. 

The Company will implement ASC 842 retrospectively with an application date of January 1, 2019 through a cumulative-effect adjustment to opening retained earnings while the comparative period presented in the financial statements and footnote disclosures will continue to be in accordance with Topic 840 – Leases. The Company will use the package of practical expedients relating to: 1) the need to re-assess expired or existing contracts that are or contain leases; 2) the need to reassess lease classification for any expired or existing leases; and 3) the need the reassess initial direct costs for existing leases.

The Company anticipates that with the adoption of this standard, recognition of right-of use assets and operating lease liabilities in the range of $1,500 to $1,800 will be recorded on its consolidated balance sheet. There will be no impact on opening retained earnings.

Compensation – Stock Compensation

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07: Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. This ASU expands the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from non-employees, and as a result, the accounting for share-based payments to non-employees will be substantially aligned. ASU 2018-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that fiscal year, early adoption is permitted but no earlier than an entity’s adoption date of Topic 606. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this new guidance will have on its financial statements and related disclosures.

Intangibles – Goodwill and Other, Internal-Use Software

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15: Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customers’ accounting for implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract. This ASU aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. Accordingly, the amendments require an entity (customer) in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract to follow the guidance in Subtopic 350-40 to determine which implementation costs to capitalize as an asset related to the service contract and which costs to expense. ASU 2018-15 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. This ASU can be applied either retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this new guidance will have on its financial statements and related disclosures.

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4. INVENTORY, NET

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or market and consists of the following:

	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Finished goods	$	71	$	99
Work-in-process		277		119
Raw materials		772		570
	$	1,120	$	788

5. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 the Company recorded an impairment of $278 related to certain leasehold improvements and manufacturing equipment no longer being utilized in the business as a result of the modernization and capacity increases of our manufacturing facility. The amount represented the remaining net book value of these assets. The impairment is included in general and administrative on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

6. INTANGIBLES

			September 30, 2018
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Cumulative Impairment Charge			Cumulative Currency Translation		Net Book Value
Patents	$	669	$	(444	)	$	-		$	21	$	246
IPR&D assets		61,500		-			(300	)		85		61,285
	$	62,169	$	(444	)	$	(300	)	$	106	$	61,531

			December 31, 2017
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Cumulative Impairment Charge			Cumulative Currency Translation		Net Book Value
Patents	$	669	$	(397	)	$	-		$	33	$	305
IPR&D assets		61,500		-			(300	)		1,831		63,031
	$	62,169	$	(397	)	$	(300	)	$	1,864	$	63,336

The Company amortizes intangible assets with finite lives on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives.

Amortization related to the IPR&D assets will not begin amortizing until the Company commercializes its products.

7. OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

Other current liabilities consisted of the following:

	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Accrued expenses (including clinical trial accrued expenses)	$	11,439	$	7,921
Payroll and employee-related costs		933		1,699
Other current liabilities		83		206
	$	12,455	$	9,826

8. LOSS PER SHARE OF COMMON SHARES

Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common shares outstanding during each period. Diluted loss per share includes the effect, if any, from the potential exercise or conversion of securities, such as warrants, and stock options, which would result in the issuance of incremental shares of common shares unless such effect is anti-dilutive. In computing the basic and diluted net loss per share applicable to common stockholders, the weighted average number of shares remains the same for both calculations due to the fact that when a net loss exists, dilutive shares are not included in the calculation as their effect would be anti-dilutive. These potentially dilutive securities are more fully described in Note 10, Stockholders’ Equity and Additional Paid-in Capital.

The following potentially dilutive securities outstanding at September 30, 2018 and 2017 have been excluded from the computation of diluted weighted average shares outstanding, as they would be antidilutive:

	September 30, 2018		September 30, 2017
Warrants		2,618,824		2,068,824
Stock options and equity awards		3,954,548		2,870,982
		6,573,372		4,939,806

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9. LONG-TERM DEBT – RELATED PARTY

As at September 30, 2018 and the December 31, 2017, the long-term debt is as follows:

	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Long-term debt, net of debt discount	$	13,684	$	13,138
Less: current portion		1,800		1,600
	$	11,884	$	11,538

On May 6, 2016, the Company through VBI DE assumed a term loan facility with Perceptive Credit Holdings, LP, a related party, (the “Lender”) in the amount of $6,000 (the “Facility”). On December 6, 2016, the Company amended the Facility (the “Amended Facility”) and raised the Lender’s commitment amount to $13,200, including the remaining balance from the Facility of $1,800. On July 17, 2018, the Company amended the Amended Facility (the “Second Amended Facility”) to extend the period the Company is required to pay only the interest on the loan from May 31, 2018 to December 31, 2018 and to extend the expiration date of certain warrants to purchase 363,771 common shares issued to the Lender with an original issue date of July 25, 2019 to December 6, 2021. The Company accounted for this as a debt modification, and as a result of the extension of the warrant expiration date in connection with the Second Amended Facility, the debt discount was increased by $386. This amount represents the incremental fair value of the modified warrants.

The total principal amount of the loan under the Amended Facility outstanding at September 30, 2018, including the $300 exit fee discussed below, is $15,300. The principal amount of the loan made under the Second Amended Facility accrues interest at an annual rate equal to the greater of (a) one-month LIBOR (subject to a 5.00% cap) or (b) 1.00%, plus the Applicable Margin. The Applicable Margin will be 11.00%. The Company was required to only pay interest initially until May 31, 2018, which date has been extended to December 31, 2018, pursuant to the Second Amended Facility. The interest rate as of September 30, 2018 was 13.125%. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, and during the continuance of an event of default, the Applicable Margin, defined above, will be increased by 4.00% per annum. This term loan facility matures December 6, 2019 and includes both financial and non-financial covenants, including a minimum cash balance requirement. The Company was in compliance with these covenants as of September 30, 2018. Pursuant to the Amended Facility, the Company agreed to appoint a representative of the lender on the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”) who was also a portfolio manager of the Company’s largest shareholder. Effective January 2018, the Lender’s representative resigned from our Board.

The Company’s obligations under the Second Amended Facility are secured on a senior basis by a lien on substantially all of the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries and are guaranteed by the Company and its subsidiaries. The Second Amended Facility also contains customary events of default.

The total debt discount of $3,839 is being charged to interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the debt. As of September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, the unamortized debt discount is $1,616 and $2,163.

Interest expense, net of interest income recorded in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was as follows:

	Three months ended September 30						Nine months ended September 30
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Interest expense – related party	$	503		$	469		$	1,469		$	1,375
Amortization of debt discount – related party		342			299		$	931			884
Interest income		(129	)		(26	)		(509	)		(71	)
Total interest expense, net of interest income	$	716		$	742		$	1,891		$	2,188

The following table summarizes the future principal payments due under long-term debt:

	Principal payments on Second Amended Facility and exit fee
Remaining 2018	$	-
2019		15,300
	$	15,300

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10. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND ADDITIONAL PAID-IN CAPITAL

Stock option plans

The Company’s stock option plans are approved by and administered by the Company’s Board and its Compensation Committee. The Board designates, in connection with recommendations from the Compensation Committee, eligible participants to be included under the plan, and designates the number of options, exercise price and vesting period of the new options.

2006 VBI US Stock Option Plan

No further options will be issued under the 2006 VBI US Stock Option Plan (the “2006 Plan”). As at September 30, 2018, there were 1,140,053 options outstanding under the 2006 Plan.

2013 Stock Incentive Plan

No further options will be issued under the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2013 Plan”). As at September 30, 2018, there were 3,460 options outstanding under the 2013 Plan.

2014 Equity Incentive Plan

No further options will be issued under the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2014 Plan”). As at September 30, 2018, there were 614,878 options outstanding under the 2014 Plan.

2016 VBI Equity Incentive Plan

The 2016 VBI Equity Incentive Plan (the “2016 Plan”) is a rolling incentive plan that sets the number of common shares issuable under the 2016 Plan, together with any other security-based compensation arrangement of the Company, at a maximum of 10% of the aggregate common shares issued and outstanding on a non-diluted basis at the time of any grant under the 2016 Plan. The 10% maximum is inclusive of options granted under all equity incentive plans. The 2016 Plan is an omnibus equity incentive plan pursuant to which the Company may grant equity and equity-linked awards to eligible participants in order to promote the success of the Company by providing a means to offer incentives and to attract, motivate, retain and reward persons eligible to participate in the 2016 Plan. Grants under the 2016 Plan include a grant or right consisting of one or more options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted share units (“RSUs”), performance share units (“PSUs”), shares of restricted stock or other such award as may be permitted under the 2016 Plan. As at September 30, 2018, there were 1,871,044 options and 325,113 stock awards outstanding under the 2016 Plan.

The aggregate number of common shares remaining available for issuance for awards under the 2016 Plan total 1,724,229 at September 30, 2018.

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Activity related to stock options is as follows:

	Number of Stock Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price
Balance outstanding at December 31, 2017		2,351,395		$	4.44
Granted		1,515,000		$	3.82
Forfeited		(197,132	)		4.74
Exercised		(39,828	)	$	2.50
Balance outstanding at September 30, 2018		3,629,435		$	4.16
Exercisable at September 30, 2018		2,162,478		$	4.73

Information relating to restricted stock units is as follow:

	Number of Stock Awards			Weighted Average Fair Value at Grant Date
Unvested shares outstanding at December 31, 2017		424,379		$	3.99
Granted		150,000		$	4.26
Vested and exercised		(224,266	)	$	4.00
Forfeited		(25,000	)	$	3.87
Unvested shares outstanding at September 30, 2018		325,113		$	4.11

In determining the amount of stock-based compensation the Company used the Black-Scholes option pricing model to establish the fair value of options granted by applying the following weighted average assumptions:

	2018			2017
Volatility		114.68	%		87.22	%
Risk free interest rate		2.57	%		2.31	%
Expected term in years		5.84			6.3
Expected dividend yield		0.00	%		0.00	%
Weighted average fair value per option	$	3.21		$	3.12

The fair value of the options is recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period and forfeitures are accounted for when they occur. The total stock-based compensation expense recorded in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was as follows:

	Three months ended September 30				Nine months ended September 30
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Research and development	$	168	$	166	$	557	$	553
General and administrative		590		410		2,087		1,241
Cost of revenues		15		17		44		50
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	773	$	593	$	2,688	$	1,844

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11. INCOME TAXES

The Company operates in U.S., Israel and Canadian tax jurisdictions. Its income is subject to varying rates of tax, and losses incurred in one jurisdiction cannot be used to offset income taxes payable in another.

The Company determines its annual effective tax rate at the end of each interim period based on the year to date period results. Since the Company is incorporated in Canada, it is required to use Canada’s statutory tax rate of 26.00% in the determination of the estimated annual effective tax rate.

The Company’s effective tax rate on loss before tax for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 of 0.00% and 0.00% (0% and 1.5%, respectively for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017) differs from the Canadian statutory rate of 26.00% primarily due to recording a valuation allowance on the Canadian deferred tax assets in excess of the remaining Canadian deferred tax liability and the effect of recording a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets in all other jurisdictions.

The Company maintains a valuation allowance on all of its deferred tax assets. A valuation allowance is required when, based upon an assessment of various factors, including recent operating loss history, anticipated future earnings, and prudent and reasonable tax planning strategies, it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

12. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Legal Proceedings

From time to time, the Company may be involved in certain claims and litigation arising out of the ordinary course and conduct of business. Management assesses such claims and, if it considers that it is probable that an asset had been impaired or a liability had been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated, provisions for loss are made based on management’s assessment of the most likely outcome.

On September 13, 2018, two unidentified minors filed, through their parents, a claim in the District Court of the central district in Israel against our subsidiary SciVac Ltd., alleging, among other things, defects in certain batches of Sci-B-Vac discovered in July 2015; that Sci-B-Vac was approved for use in children and infants in Israel without sufficient evidence establishing its safety; that SciVac Ltd. failed to provide accurate information about Sci-B-Vac to consumers and that each child suffered side effects from the vaccine. The claim was filed together with a motion seeking approval of a class action on behalf of 428,000 children vaccinated with Sci-B-Vac in Israel from April, 2011 and seeking damages in a total amount of NIS 1,879,500,000 (not in thousands).

SciVac Ltd. believes this matter to be without merit and intends to oppose this motion and otherwise defend this matter vigorously.

Operating Leases

The Company has entered into various non-cancelable lease agreements for its office, lab and manufacturing facilities. These arrangements expire at various times through 2022. Rent expense for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $242 and $233, respectively and for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $721 and $689, respectively.

The future annual minimum payments under these leases is as follows:

Year ending December 31
Remaining 2018	$	251
2019		927
2020		517
2021		441
2022		37
Thereafter		-
Total	$	2,173

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13. SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) has been identified as the chief operating decision maker. The CEO evaluates the performance of the Company and allocates resources based on the information provided by the Company’s internal management system at a consolidated level. The Company has determined that it has only one operating segment.

Revenues from external customers are attributed to geographic areas based on location of the contracting customers:

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Israel	$	108	$	153	$	388	$	400
Asia		-		40		31		101
North America		-		-		-		150
South America		-		-		-		2
Europe		151		-		252		11
Total	$	259	$	193	$	671	$	664

There was no revenue attributed to our country of domicile, Canada, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q and with our audited consolidated financial statements included in our 2017 10-K as filed with the SEC.

Except for per share amounts or as otherwise specified to be in millions, amounts presented are stated in thousands.

Overview

We are a commercial-stage, biopharmaceutical company developing next generation vaccines to address unmet needs in infectious disease and immuno-oncology. Our lead product, Sci-B-Vac, is a third-generation hepatitis B vaccine, which is approved for use in Israel and 10 other countries. Sci-B-Vac has not yet been approved for use by the FDA, EMA or Health Canada. The Sci-B-Vac vaccine has demonstrated safety and efficacy in over 500,000 patients in currently licensed markets. Several clinical trials have shown rapid and high rates of seroprotection with Sci-B-Vac. A pivotal Phase III clinical program is ongoing, the results of which are intended to support regulatory and marketing authorization application submissions to obtain FDA, EMA, and Health Canada market approvals for commercial sale of Sci-B-Vac in the U.S., Europe, and Canada respectively. The program consists of two concurrent Phase III studies – a safety and immunogenicity study (“PROTECT”) and a lot-to--lot consistency study (“CONSTANT”).  Top-line data from PROTECT are expected mid-year 2019, and top-line data from CONSTANT are expected around the 2019 year-end. Our wholly-owned subsidiary in Rehovot, Israel, SciVac Ltd., manufactures and sells Sci-B-Vac.

We are also advancing a pipeline of enveloped virus-like particle (“eVLP”) vaccines, developed with our eVLP platform technology that allows for the design of vaccines that closely mimic the structure of the target viruses. We have lead programs in both infectious disease, with our congenital cytomegalovirus (“CMV”) vaccine candidate, and in immuno-oncology, with our glioblastoma multiforme (“GBM”) vaccine candidate. CMV is an infection that, while common, can lead to serious complications in newborns and people with weakened immune systems. In May 2018, we announced positive topline results from our Phase I clinical study in 128 CMV-negative participants of VBI-1501, our preventative CMV vaccine candidate. The primary objective for this Phase I study was safety and tolerability, and the secondary objective was immunogenicity. We believe the positive outcomes support the vaccine candidate’s safety. After the third dose, the highest dose tested of VBI-1501, 2.0µg, elicited protective CMV-neutralizing antibodies against fibroblast cell infection in 100% of subjects, and against epithelial cell infection in 31% of subjects. Discussions are ongoing with regulatory bodies to determine the design of a Phase II dose-ranging study for the CMV vaccine candidate. In January 2018, we initiated dosing of our GBM candidate in a Phase I/IIa clinical program. In September 2018 the independent Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) conducted a second review, this time of all safety data from the fully-enrolled intermediate-dose patient cohort, and unanimously recommended continuation of the study without modification. We expect to announce data regarding initial correlations between immunologic/biomarker analyses and clinical outcomes in the fourth quarter of 2018, with 6-month overall survival and progression-free survival data from all three dose cohorts in Phase I of the study (low, intermediate, and high), expected in the first half of 2019.

We may also seek to in-license clinical-stage vaccines or vaccine-related technologies that we believe complement our product and pipeline portfolio, in addition to technologies that may supplement our therapeutic vaccination efforts in immuno-oncology.

At present, our operations are focused on:

● conducting the Sci-B-Vac Phase III clinical program to support various marketing authorization applications in the U.S., Europe, Canada;

● conducting the Phase I/IIa clinical study of our GBM vaccine candidate, VBI-1901;

● further developing the clinical program for VBI-1501, our preventative CMV vaccine candidate into the next phase of development;

● modernizing and expanding capacity of our Sci-B-Vac manufacturing facility in Rehovot, Israel;

● increasing sales of Sci-B-Vac in territories where it is currently registered or available on a named-patient basis, and further preparing for commercialization of Sci-B-Vac in additional markets where we may obtain regulatory approval;

● continuing the research and development of our product candidates, including the exploration and development of new product candidates, including a Zika vaccine candidate;

● implementing operational, financial and management information systems and adding human resources support, including additional personnel to support our vaccine development and commercialization activities; and

● maintaining, expanding and protecting our intellectual property portfolio.

VBI’s revenue generating activities have been the sale of Sci-B-Vac product in markets where it is approved or on a named patient basis where it is not approved, though those markets have generated a limited number of sales to-date, and R&D services generating fees. VBI has incurred significant net losses and negative operating cash flows since inception and expects to continue incurring losses and negative cash flows from operations as we carry out our planned clinical, regulatory, R&D, sales and manufacturing activities with respect to the advancement of our Sci-B-Vac and new vaccine candidates. As of September 30, 2018, VBI had an accumulated deficit of approximately $188 million and stockholders’ equity of approximately $77 million. Our ability to maintain our status as an operating company is dependent upon obtaining adequate cash to finance our clinical development, manufacturing, our administrative overhead and our research and development activities. We plan to finance future operations with existing cash reserves. We expect that we will need to secure additional financing to finance our business plans, if required, which may be a combination of proceeds from the issuance of equity securities, the issuance of additional debt, structured asset financings and revenues from potential collaborations, if any. There is no assurance the Company will manage to obtain these sources of financing, if required. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that we will continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result should we be unable to continue as a going concern.

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We have incurred operating losses since inception, have not generated significant product sales revenue and have not achieved profitable operations. We incurred net losses of $15 million and $44 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and we expect to continue to incur substantial losses in future periods. We anticipate that our operating expenses will increase substantially as we continue our clinical studies. These include expenses related to:

● continuing the Phase III clinical program for Sci-B-Vac and the Phase I/IIa clinical study of our GBM vaccine candidate;

● continuing the research and development of our product candidates, including further developing the clinical program for VBI-1501 our preventative CMV vaccine candidate;

● modernizing and increasing capacity of our manufacturing facility at Rehovot, Israel;

● commercializing products and dose forms for which we may obtain regulatory approval, including through the use of sub-contractors;

● maintaining, expanding and protecting our intellectual property portfolio;

● hiring additional clinical, manufacturing, and scientific personnel or contractors; and

● implementing, operational, financial and management information systems and adding human resources support, including additional personnel, to support our vaccine development.

In addition, we have incurred and will continue to incur significant expenses as a public company, which subjects us to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the rules and regulations of the NASDAQ Capital Market and the Canadian securities regulators. Effective as of March 23, 2018, we voluntarily delisted our common shares from the Toronto Stock Exchange.

In 2017, we raised $71.9 million from equity financings to support our Sci-B-Vac, CMV, and GBM vaccine programs, to continue the advancement of our research (including clinical) programs, and for use in other general corporate purposes. Based upon our current cash position and by monitoring our discretionary expenditures as well as the management of our clinical trial commitments and operating costs, we believe these proceeds will be sufficient to fund our activities, including our approved capital expenditure requirements throughout 2018. We expect, however, that additional financing will be needed in the future to further support clinical, regulatory, research and development, sales and manufacturing, and general business operations.

In 2016, through our subsidiary, Variation Biotechnologies (US), Inc., we assumed a term loan facility with Perceptive Credit Holdings, L.P. (“Perceptive”) pursuant that certain Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and Guaranty, dated December 6, 2016, as amended on September 28, 2017 (the “Existing Credit Agreement”), and we had issued that certain Amended and Restated Warrant in favor of Perceptive for the purchase of 363,771 common shares, with an original issue date of July 25, 2014. On July 17, 2018, we further amended the Existing Credit Agreement to extend the period we are required to pay only the interest on the loan made under the Existing Credit Agreement from May 31, 2018, to December 31, 2018, and also extended the term of the Perceptive’s warrant from July 25, 2019, to December 6, 2021.

Since inception, VBI and its subsidiaries collectively have raised approximately $196.6 million in total equity and debt financing to support clinical and research development and general business operations.

Research and Development (“R&D”) Services

Pursuant to an agreement with the Israel Innovations Authority (formerly the Office of the Chief Scientist of Israel), the Company is required to make services available for the biotechnology industry in Israel. These services include relevant activities for development and manufacturing of therapeutic proteins according to international standards and GMP quality level suitable for toxicological studies in animals and clinical studies (Phase I & II) in humans. Service activities include analytics/bio analytics methods for development and process development of therapeutic proteins starting with a lead candidate clone through the upstream, purification, formulation and filling processes and manufacturing for Phase I & II clinical trials.

These R&D services are primarily marketed to the Israeli research community in academia and Israeli biotechnology companies in the life sciences lacking the infrastructure or experience in the development and production of therapeutic proteins to the standards and quality required for clinical trials for human use. In 2017 the Company provided services to more than 10 biotechnology companies including analytical development, upstream development process, protein purification and formulation and filling for Phase I clinical studies.

Modernization and Capacity Increases of Our Manufacturing Facility

On April 22, 2018, we temporarily closed our manufacturing facility in Rehovot, Israel, for modernization and capacity increases. We intend to increase the capacity of our manufacturing facility to be able to supply commercial quantities of Sci-B-Vac for sale. We expect to complete this modernization and the capacity increases by the end of 2018. We will recommence manufacturing operations upon receiving approval from the Israeli Ministry of Health (“IMoH”) following their review of the modernization and the capacity increases. During this time, we ceased and will cease manufacturing operations at our manufacturing facility.

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Financial Overview

Overall Performance

The Company had net losses of approximately $15,370 and $9,802 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively and $44,350 and $27,452 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company has an accumulated deficit of $188,325 at September 30, 2018. The Company had $25,986 of cash at September 30, 2018 and net working capital of approximately $11,395.

Cost of revenues

Cost of revenues consist primarily of costs incurred for manufacturing the Sci-B-Vac vaccine, which includes cost of materials, consumables, supplies, contractors and manufacturing salaries. Certain cost of revenues related to the temporary closure of the manufacturing facility of approximately $409 was allocated to General and Administrative Expenses.

Research and Development Expenses

R&D expenses consist primarily of costs incurred for the development of our Sci-B-Vac, CMV and GBM vaccines, which include:

● the cost of acquiring, developing and manufacturing clinical study materials and other consumables and lab supplies used in our pre-clinical studies;

● expenses incurred under agreements with contractors or Contract Manufacturing Organizations or Contract Research Organizations to advance the vaccines into and through completion of clinical studies; and

● employee-related expenses, including salaries, benefits, travel and stock-based compensation expense.

We expense R&D costs when we incur them.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist principally of salaries and related costs for executive and other administrative personnel and consultants, including stock-based compensation and travel expenses. Other general and administrative expenses include professional fees for legal, patent protection, consulting and accounting services, travel and conference fees, including board and scientific advisory board meeting costs, rent, maintenance of facilities, depreciation, office supplies and expenses, insurance, impairment of property and equipment, intangibles and goodwill, if any, and other general expenses, including certain cost of revenues discussed above. General and administrative expenses are expensed when incurred.

We expect that our general and administrative expenses will increase in the future as a result of adding employees and modernization and capacity increases of our manufacturing facility commensurate with advancing clinical candidates and supporting a public company status. These increases will likely include increased costs for insurance, hiring of additional personnel, board committees, outside consultants, investor relations, lawyers and accountants, among other expenses.

Interest Income

Interest income consists principally of interest income earned on cash balances.

Interest Expense

Interest expense is associated with our credit facility as discussed in Note 9 of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Results of Operations

Three and nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared to the Three and nine Months Ended September 30, 2017

All dollar amounts stated below are in thousands, unless otherwise indicated.

	Three months ending September 30
	2018			2017			Change $			Change %
Revenue	$	259		$	193		$	66			34	%
Expenses:
Cost of revenue		801			1,334			(533	)		(40	)%
Research and development		10,507			5,205			5,302			102	%
General and administrative		3,493			2,795			698			25	%
Total operating expenses		14,801			9,334			5,467			59	%
Net loss from operations		(14,542	)		(9,141	)		(5,401	)		59	%
Interest expenses, net		716			742			(26	)		(4	)%
Foreign exchange (loss) gain		(112	)		81			(193	)		(238	)%
Loss before income taxes		(15,370	)		(9,802	)		(5,568	)		57	%
Income tax benefit		-			-			-			0	%
NET LOSS	$	(15,370	)	$	(9,802	)	$	(5,568	)		57	%

	Nine months ending September 30
	2018			2017			Change $			Change %
Revenue	$	671		$	664		$	7			1	%
Expenses:
Cost of revenue		3,281			3,966			(685	)		(17	)%
Research and development		28,385			14,387			13,998			97	%
General and administrative		10,904			8,611			2,293			27	%
Total operating expenses		42,570			26,964			15,606			58	%
Net loss from operations		(41,899	)		(26,300	)		(15,599	)		59	%
Interest expenses, net		1,891			2,188			(297	)		(14	)%
Foreign exchange (loss) gain		(560	)		605			(1,165	)		(193	)%
Loss before income taxes		(44,350	)		(27,883	)		(16,467	)		59	%
Income tax benefit		-			431			(431	)		(100	)%
NET LOSS	$	(44,350	)	$	(27,452	)	$	(16,898	)		62	%

Revenues

Revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $259 and $671, respectively as compared to $193 and $664, respectively for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Revenue by Geographic Region

	Three months ending September 30
	2018		2017		$ Change			% Change
Revenue in Israel	$	108	$	153	$	(45	)		(29	)%
Revenue in Asia		-		40		(40	)		(100	)%
Revenue in Europe		151		-		151			100	%
Total Revenue	$	259	$	193	$	66			34	%

	Nine months ending September 30
	2018		2017		$ Change			% Change
Revenue in Israel	$	388	$	400	$	(12	)		(3	)%
Revenue in Asia		31		101		(70	)		(69	)%
Revenue in North America		-		150		(150	)		(100	)%
Revenue in South America		-		2		(2	)		(100	)%
Revenue in Europe		252		11		241			2,191	%
Total Revenue	$	671	$	664	$	7			1	%

Revenue earned in Israel, Asia, North America, South America and Europe for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were insignificant.

Cost of Revenues

Cost of revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was $801 as compared to $1,334 for the three months ended September 30, 2017. The decrease in the cost of revenues of $533, or 40%, was due to the temporary manufacturing facility closure resulting in the allocation of certain cost of revenues to general and administrative expenses.

Cost of revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $3,281 as compared to $3,966 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The decrease in the cost of revenues of $685, or 17%, was a result of the temporary manufacturing facility closure discussed above.

Research and Development

Research and Development (“R&D”) expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2018 were $10,507 as compared to $5,205 for the three months ended September 30, 2017. The increase in R&D of $5,302 or 102% is as a result of the increase in the costs related to the ongoing clinical studies of Sci-B-Vac, which commenced patient dosing in December 2017 and our GBM vaccine candidate, which commenced patient dosing in January 2018. This is compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017 during which period only the CMV clinical study, which commenced patient dosing in June 2016 with the last visit in August 2017, was ongoing.

R&D expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 were $28,385 as compared to $14,387 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increase in R&D expenses of $13,998 or 97% is as a result of the increase in the costs related to the ongoing clinical studies of Sci-B-Vac and our GBM vaccine candidate, as discussed above.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative (“G&A”) expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2018 were $3,493 as compared to $ 2,795 for the three months ended September 30, 2017. The G&A expense increase of $698, or 25%, is a result of increased human resource expenses, including stock-based compensation expenses, and the allocation of certain cost of revenues related to the temporary facility closure, to G&A expenses, as discussed above under “Cost of Revenues.”

General and administrative (“G&A”) expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 were $10,904 as compared to $8,611 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The G&A expense increase of $2,293, or 27%, is a result of (1) the items contributing to the increase in the G&A expenses discussed above for the three months ended September 30, 2018, (2) certain marketing expenses and the impairment loss on property and equipment that were incurred in the first half of 2018 but were not incurred in the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

23

Net Loss from Operations

The net loss from operations for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was $14,542 as compared to $9,141 for the three months ended September 30, 2017. The $5,401 increase in the net loss from operations resulted from the increased R&D expenses and G&A expenses, discussed above.

The net loss from operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 were $41,899 as compared to $26,300 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The $15,599 increase in the net loss from operations resulted from the increased R&D expenses and G&A expenses, discussed above.

Interest Expense, net

The interest expense, net of interest income decreases of $26 and $297 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively is largely a result of interest income of $129 and $509 earned on cash balances for the three and nine months ended September 30 2018, respectively as compared to minimal interest earned on cash balances for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Interest paid on the long-term debt and non-cash accretion related to the debt discount was slightly higher due to the increased interest rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Foreign Exchange Gain (Loss)

The foreign exchange gain (loss) of $(112) and $(560) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and the foreign exchange gain of $81 and $605 for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017 are a result of the changes in the foreign currencies in which the foreign currency transactions were denominated for each of those periods.

Net Loss

Net loss of $15,370 and $44,350 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $9,802 and $27,452 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 are a result of the items discussed above.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017			$ Change			% Change
Cash	$	25,986		$	67,694		$	(41,708	)		(62	)%
Current Assets		30,160			70,426			(40,266	)		(57	)%
Current Liabilities		18,765			13,236			5,529			42	%
Working Capital		11,395			57,190			(45,795	)		(80	)%
Accumulated Deficit		(188,325	)		(143,975	)		(44,350	)		31	%

As at September 30, 2018, we had cash of $25,986 as compared to $67,694 as at December 31, 2017. As at September 30, 2018, the Company had working capital of $11,395 as compared to working capital of $57,190 at December 31, 2017. Working capital decreased as a result of our net loss and the facility modernization and capacity increases that started in April 2018 and continued during the nine month period ended September 30, 2018, as discussed above. Working capital is calculated by subtracting current liabilities from current assets.

The report of our independent registered public accounting firm on our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017 contains an explanatory paragraph regarding our ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that we will continue as a going concern; however, the above conditions raise substantial doubt about our ability to do so. The financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result should we be unable to continue as a going concern. Our long-term success and ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon obtaining sufficient capital to fund the research and development of its products, to bring about their successful commercial release, to generate revenue and, ultimately, to attain profitable operations or, alternatively, to advance its products and technology to such a point that they would be attractive candidates for acquisition by others in the industry.

We will require additional funds to conduct clinical and non-clinical trials, achieve regulatory approvals, and, subject to such approvals, commercially launch our products, and will need to secure additional financing in the future to support our operations. We base this belief on assumptions that are subject to change, and we may be required to use our available cash resources sooner than we currently expect. Our actual future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the progress and results of our clinical trials, the duration and cost of discovery and preclinical development, laboratory testing and clinical trials for our products, the timing and outcome of regulatory review of our products, the modernization and capacity increases of our manufacturing facility in Rehovot, Israel, product sales outside of Israel, the costs involved in preparing, filing, prosecuting, maintaining, defending and enforcing patent claims and other intellectual property rights, the number and development requirements of other product candidates that we pursue and the costs of commercialization activities, including product marketing, sales and distribution.

We expect to finance our future cash needs through public or private equity offerings, debt financings, structured asset financings, or corporate collaboration and licensing arrangements or a combination of both. Although we are pursuing different opportunities, other than as disclosed in this report, we currently do not have any signed commitments for future external funding. We may need to raise additional funds more quickly if one or more of our assumptions prove to be incorrect or if we choose to expand our product development efforts more rapidly than we presently anticipate. We may also decide to raise additional funds even before we need them if the conditions for raising capital are favorable. Additional equity or debt financing, grants or corporate collaboration and licensing arrangements may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all. If adequate funds are not available, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of or eliminate our R&D programs, reduce our planned commercialization efforts or obtain funds through arrangements with collaborators or others that may require us to relinquish rights to certain product candidates that we might otherwise seek to develop or commercialize independently.

To the extent we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities or obtaining borrowings convertible into equity, ownership dilution to existing stockholders will result and future investors may be granted rights superior to those of existing stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness or debt financing would result in increased fixed obligations and could also result in covenants that would restrict our operations. Our ability to obtain additional capital may depend on prevailing economic conditions and financial, business and other factors beyond our control. The unstable economic environment in Europe, and disruptions in the U.S. and global financial markets may adversely impact the availability and cost of credit, as well as our ability to raise money in the capital markets. Current economic conditions have been, and continue to be volatile. Continued instability in these market conditions may limit our ability to access the capital necessary to fund and grow our business.

On October 30, 2017, we closed an underwritten public offering and a concurrent registered direct offering of an aggregate of 23,575,410 common shares at a price of $3.05 per share for total gross proceeds of $71,905. In addition, in connection with the registered direct offering, the Company issued four-year warrants to purchase 550,000 common shares at an exercise price of $3.34 per share. The Company incurred $4,683 of cash issuance costs related to the offering resulting in net cash proceeds of $67,222. We have and will continue to use the proceeds of the underwritten public offering to support our Sci-B-Vac, CMV, and GBM vaccine program, to continue the advancement of our research programs and for other general corporate purposes.

24

Net cash used by Operating Activities

The Company incurred net losses of $44,350 and $27,452 in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company used $37,983 and $21,890 in cash for operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The increase in cash outflows is largely as a result of increased net losses related to the increased R&D expenses from our ongoing clinical studies of Sci-B-Vac, which commenced patient dosing in December 2017 and our GBM vaccine candidate, which commenced patient dosing in January 2018 offset by an increase in net changes in working capital items, specifically accounts payable and other current liabilities.

25

Net cash used by Investing Activities

Cash flows used in investing activities increased by $3,093 from $526 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 to $3,619 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The increase was largely related to the purchase of additional property and equipment in SciVac. As part of modernization and capacity increases of our manufacturing facility, we were, and are continued to be, required to purchase additional manufacturing equipment and information technology equipment, which we expect to be between $2 million and $4 million.

Net cash received from Financing Activities

Cash flows related to financing activities were not significant in nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.

The Company’s long-term success and ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon obtaining sufficient capital to fund the research and development of its products, to bring about their successful commercial release, to generate revenue and, ultimately, to attain profitable operations or, alternatively, to advance its products and technology to such a point that they would be attractive candidates for acquisition by others in the industry.

To date, the Company has been able to obtain financing as and when it was needed; however, there is no assurance that financing will be available in the future, or if it is, that it will be available at acceptable terms.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of September 30, 2018, the Company has no off-balance sheet transactions, arrangements, obligations (including contingent obligations), or other relationships with unconsolidated entities or other persons that have, or may have, a material effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

There have been no changes to our critical accounting policies during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Critical accounting policies and the significant accounting estimates made in accordance with such policies are regularly discussed with the Audit Committee of the Company’s board of directors. Those policies are discussed under “Critical Accounting Policies” in our “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of the Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in Item 7, as well as in our consolidated financial statements and the footnotes thereto, included in our 2017 10-K.

Trends, Events and Uncertainties

As with other companies that are in the process of commercializing novel vaccines, we will need to successfully manage normal business and scientific risks. Research and development of new technologies is, by its nature, unpredictable. We cannot assure you that our technology will be adopted, that we will ever earn revenues sufficient to support our operations, or that we will ever be profitable. Furthermore, other than as discussed in this report, we have no committed source of financing and may not be able to raise money as and when we need it to continue our operations. If we cannot raise funds as and when we need them, we may be required to severely curtail, or even to cease, our operations.

26

Other than as discussed above and elsewhere in this Form 10-Q, we are not aware of any trends, events or uncertainties that are likely to have a material effect on our financial condition.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 3 of Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Not applicable.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management has evaluated, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (our principal executive officer) and our Chief Financial Officer and Head of Business Development (our principal financial and accounting officer), the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) or Rule 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer and Head of Business Development have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is (1) recorded, processed, summarized and reported in a timely manner, and (2) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer and Head of Business Development, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2018, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

27

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, the Company may be involved in certain claims and litigation arising out of the ordinary course and conduct of business. Management assesses such claims and, if it considers that it is probable that an asset had been impaired or a liability had been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated, provisions for loss are made based on management’s assessment of the most likely outcome.

On September 13, 2018, two unidentified minors filed, through their parents, a claim in the District Court of the central district in Israel against our subsidiary SciVac Ltd., alleging, among other things, defects in certain batches of Sci-B-Vac discovered in July 2015; that Sci-B-Vac was approved for use in children and infants in Israel without sufficient evidence establishing its safety; that SciVac Ltd. failed to provide accurate information about Sci-B-Vac to consumers and that each child suffered side effects from the vaccine. The claim was filed together with a motion seeking approval of a class action on behalf of 428,000 children vaccinated with Sci-B-Vac in Israel from April, 2011 and seeking damages in a total amount of NIS 1,879,500,000 (not in thousands).

SciVac Ltd.believes this matter to be without merit and intends to oppose this motion and otherwise defend this matter vigorously.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Not applicable.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

a) Sales of Unregistered Securities

There have been no unregistered sales of securities during the period covered by this Form 10-Q that have not been previously reported in a current report on Form 8-K. The Company has not made any purchases of its own securities during the time period covered by this Form 10-Q.

c) Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosure

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

Item 6. Exhibits

See the Exhibit Index following the signature page to this Form 10-Q for a list of exhibits filed or furnished with this Form 10-Q, which Exhibit Index is incorporated herein by reference.

28

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No.	Description
10.1	Amendment No.2 to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and Guaranty and Amendment to Warrant, dated July 17, 2018, by and among Variation Biotechnologies (US), Inc., the Guarantors party thereto, and Perceptive Credit Holdings, LP (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the current report on Form 8-K (SEC File No. 001-37769) filed with the SEC on July 19, 2018).
10.2	Employment Agreement, dated August 14, 2018, by and between VBI Vaccines (Delaware) Inc. and Christopher McNulty (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the current report on Form 8-K (SEC File No. 001-37769) filed with the SEC on August 20, 2018.
31.1*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
31.2*	Certification of Principal Financial and Accounting Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
32.1**	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
32.2**	Certification of Principal Financial and Accounting Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.

101.INS*	XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document.
101.PRE*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

* Filed herewith.

** Furnished herewith.

29

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Date: November 9, 2018	VBI VACCINES INC.
	By:	/s/ Jeff Baxter
		Jeff Baxter President & Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
	By:	/s/ Chris McNulty
		Chris McNulty
		Chief Financial Officer and Head of Business Development (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

30

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Jeff Baxter, certify that:

1.	I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of VBI Vaccines Inc.;
2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15-d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 9, 2018

/s/ Jeff Baxter

Jeff Baxter

Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Chris McNulty, certify that:

1.	I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of VBI Vaccines Inc.;
2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15-d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 9, 2018

/s/ Chris McNulty

Chris McNulty

Chief Financial Officer and Head of Business Development

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION

In connection with the quarterly report of VBI Vaccines Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2018 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), I, Jeff Baxter, Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) of the Company, hereby certify as of the date hereof, solely for purposes of Title 18, Chapter 63, Section 1350 of the United States Code, that to the best of my knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company at the dates and for the periods indicated.

Date: November 9, 2018

/s/ Jeff Baxter

Jeff Baxter

Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION

In connection with the quarterly report of VBI Vaccines Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2018 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), I, Chris McNulty, Chief Financial Officer and Head of Business Development (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) of the Company, hereby certify as of the date hereof, solely for purposes of Title 18, Chapter 63, Section 1350 of the United States Code, that to the best of my knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company at the dates and for the periods indicated.

Date: November 9, 2018

/s/ Chris McNulty

Chris McNulty

Chief Financial Officer and Head of Business Development

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Nov. 09, 2018
Document And Entity Information
Entity Registrant Name	VBI Vaccines Inc/BC
Entity Central Index Key	0000764195
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2018
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business Flag	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Entity Ex Transition Period	true
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		64,383,391
Trading Symbol	VBIV
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2018

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash	$ 25,986	$ 67,694
Accounts receivable, net	124	143
Inventory, net	1,120	788
Prepaid expenses	461	951
Other current assets	2,469	850
Total current assets	30,160	70,426
NON-CURRENT ASSETS
Other long-term assets	1,113	675
Property and equipment, net	7,293	2,245
Intangible assets, net	61,531	63,336
Goodwill	8,727	8,974
Total non-current assets	78,664	75,230
TOTAL ASSETS	108,824	145,656
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable	4,510	1,810
Other current liabilities	12,455	9,826
Current portion of long-term debt - related party	1,800	1,600
Total current liabilities	18,765	13,236
NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES
Long-term debt, net of debt discount - related party	11,884	11,538
Liabilities for severance pay	378	426
Deferred revenues, net of current portion	669	669
Total non-current liabilities	12,931	12,633
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (NOTE 12)
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Common shares (unlimited authorized; no par value) (2018 - issued and outstanding 64,383,391; 2017 - issued and outstanding 64,078,781)	202,955	201,806
Additional paid-in capital	62,881	60,891
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	(383)	1,065
Accumulated deficit	(188,325)	(143,975)
Total stockholders' equity	77,128	119,787
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	$ 108,824	$ 145,656

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Common stock, authorized unlimited	Unlimited	Unlimited
Common stock, no par value
Common stock, shares issued	64,383,391	64,078,781
Common stock, shares outstanding	64,383,391	64,078,781

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenues	$ 259	$ 193	$ 671	$ 664
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenue	801	1,334	3,281	3,966
Research and development	10,507	5,205	28,385	14,387
General and administrative	3,493	2,795	10,904	8,611
Total operating expenses	14,801	9,334	42,570	26,964
Loss from operations	(14,542)	(9,141)	(41,899)	(26,300)
Interest expense, net of interest income (including related party - see Note 9)	(716)	(742)	(1,891)	(2,188)
Foreign exchange (loss) gain	(112)	81	(560)	605
Loss before incomes taxes	(15,370)	(9,802)	(44,350)	(27,883)
Income tax benefit				431
NET LOSS	$ (15,370)	$ (9,802)	$ (44,350)	$ (27,452)
Net loss per share of common shares, basic and diluted	$ (0.24)	$ (0.24)	$ (0.69)	$ (0.68)
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding, basic and diluted	64,383,391	40,229,371	64,274,310	40,115,689
Other comprehensive (loss) income - currency translation adjustments	$ 1,541	$ 2,818	$ (1,448)	$ 4,834
COMPREHENSIVE LOSS	$ (13,829)	$ (6,984)	$ (45,798)	$ (22,618)

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) - 9 months ended Sep. 30, 2018 - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) - Currency Translation Adjustments [Member]	Accumulated Deficit [Member]	Total
Balance at Dec. 31, 2017	$ 201,806	$ 60,891	$ 1,065	$ (143,975)	$ 119,787
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2017	64,078,781
Stock-based compensation	$ 1,084	1,604			2,688
Stock-based compensation, shares	264,782
Common shares issued on exercise of stock options	$ 65				65
Common shares issued on exercise of stock options, shares	39,828
Warrant modification in connection with debt amendment		386			386
Net loss				(44,350)	(44,350)
Currency translation adjustments			(1,448)		(1,448)
Balance at Sep. 30, 2018	$ 202,955	$ 62,881	$ (383)	$ (188,325)	$ 77,128
Balance, Shares at Sep. 30, 2018	64,383,391

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net loss	$ (44,350)	$ (27,452)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	417	539
Stock-based compensation	2,688	1,844
Amortization of debt discount	931	884
Deferred taxes		(431)
Impairment of property and equipment (Note 5)	278
Impairment of intangibles		300
Net change in operating working capital items:
(Decrease) increase in accounts receivable	13	(187)
(Increase) decrease in inventory	(373)	198
(Increase) in prepaid expenses	(3)	(183)
(Increase) in other current assets	(1,735)	(503)
(Increase) decrease in other long-term assets	(11)	26
Increase in accounts payable	1,292	423
Increase (decrease) in deferred revenues	34	(94)
Increase in other current liabilities	2,836	2,746
Net cash flows used in operating activities	(37,983)	(21,890)
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchase of property and equipment	(3,619)	(526)
Net cash flows used in investing activities	(3,619)	(526)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from issuance of common shares for cash, upon exercise of stock options	65	16
Net cash flows provided by financing activities	65	16
Effect of exchange rates on cash	(171)	172
CHANGE IN CASH FOR THE PERIOD	(41,708)	(22,228)
CASH, BEGINNING OF PERIOD	67,694	32,282
CASH, END OF PERIOD	25,986	10,054
Supplementary information:
Interest paid - related party	1,469	1,375
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Warrant modification in connection with debt amendment	386
Capital expenditures included in accounts payable and other current liabilities	$ 2,367	$ 145

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Nature of Business and Continuation of Business

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Nature of Business and Continuation of Business

1. NATURE OF BUSINESS AND CONTINUATION OF BUSINESS

Corporate Overview

VBI Vaccines Inc. (the “Company” or “VBI”) was incorporated under the laws of British Columbia, Canada on April 9, 1965.

The Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, VBI Vaccines (Delaware) Inc., a Delaware corporation (“VBI DE”); VBI DE’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Variation Biotechnologies (US), Inc., a Delaware corporation (“VBI US”); Variation Biotechnologies Inc. a Canadian company and the wholly-owned subsidiary of VBI US (“VBI Cda”); and SciVac Ltd. an Israeli company (“SciVac”) are collectively referred to as the “Company”, “we”, “us”, “our” or “VBI”.

The Company’s registered office is located at Suite 1700, Park Place, 666 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6C 2X8 with its principal office located at 222 Third Street, Suite 2241, Cambridge, MA 02142. In addition, the Company has manufacturing facilities located in Rehovot, Israel and research facilities located in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Principal Operations

VBI is a commercial-stage, biopharmaceutical company developing next generation vaccines to address unmet needs in infectious disease and immuno-oncology. Our lead product, Sci-B-Vac, is a third generation Hepatitis B vaccine for adults, children and newborns, which is approved for use in Israel and 10 other countries. Sci-B-Vac has not yet been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”), the European Medicines Agency (the “EMA”) or Health Canada. VBI is currently conducting a global Phase III clinical program for Sci-B-Vac to obtain FDA, EMA and Health Canada market approvals for commercial sale of Sci-B-Vac in the United States, Europe and Canada, respectively. Our wholly-owned subsidiary in Rehovot, Israel, SciVac Ltd., manufactures and sells Sci-B-Vac.,

VBI is also advancing a pipeline of enveloped virus-like particle (“eVLP”) vaccines, developed with our eVLP platform technology that allows for the design of vaccines that closely mimic the structure of the target viruses. We have lead programs in both infectious diseases, with our congenital cytomegalovirus (“CMV”) vaccine candidate, and in immuno-oncology, with our glioblastoma multiforme (“GBM”) vaccine candidate. CMV is an infection that, while common, can lead to serious complications in newborns and people with weakened immune systems, and GBM is a common and aggressive form of brain cancer.

Liquidity and Going Concern

The Company has a limited operating history and faces a number of risks, including but not limited to, uncertainties regarding the success of the development and commercialization of its products, demand and market acceptance of the Company’s products and reliance on major customers. The Company anticipates that it will continue to incur significant operating costs and losses in connection with the development of its products.

The Company has an accumulated deficit of $188,325 as of September 30, 2018 and cash outflows from operating activities of $37,983 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

The Company will require significant additional funds to conduct clinical and non-clinical trials, achieve regulatory approvals, and, subject to such approvals, commercially launch its products. The Company plans to finance future operations with existing cash reserves. Additional financing, if required, could be a combination of proceeds from the issuance of equity securities, the issuance of additional debt, structured asset financings, or revenues from potential collaborations, if any. There is no assurance the Company will manage to obtain these sources of financing, if required. The above conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

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Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Significant Accounting Policies

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

The Company’s fiscal year ends on December 31 of each calendar year. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in U.S. dollars (“USD”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), for interim reporting. Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with United States of America generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”), have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The December 31, 2017 consolidated balance sheet in this document was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements and does not include all of the disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. The condensed consolidated financial statements and notes included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q (this “Form 10-Q”) should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (the “2017 10-K”), as filed with the SEC on February 26, 2018.

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries: SciVac, VBI DE, VBI US and VBI Cda. Intercompany balances and transactions between the Company and its subsidiaries are eliminated in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

In the opinion of management, these condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments and accruals of a normal and recurring nature necessary to fairly state the results of the periods presented. The results for the periods presented are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full year or for any future periods.

Reclassification

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current quarter presentation and were not material to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Significant Accounting Policies

The significant accounting policies used in the preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements are disclosed in the 2017 10-K, and there have been no changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, other than revenue recognition discussed below.

Revenue recognition

Revenues consist primarily of product sales of vaccines and research services. We apply the five-step model outlined in Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts from Customers (ASC 606). Revenue is recognized when control of the promised products or services is transferred to the Company’s customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those products or services (the transaction price). We adopted ASC 606 effective January 1, 2018. As a result, we have changed our accounting for revenue recognition. We applied ASC 606 using the modified retrospective method and there was no material impact to our consolidated financial statements related to the adoption of ASC 606.

Foreign currency

The functional and reporting currency of the Company is the USD. Each of the Company’s subsidiaries determines its own respective functional currency based on the primary economic environment that it operates in, and this currency is used to separately measure each entity’s financial position and operating results.

Assets and liabilities of foreign operations with a different functional currency from that of the Company are translated at the closing rate at the end of each reporting period. Profit or loss items are translated at average exchange rates for all the relevant periods. All resulting translation differences are recognized as a component of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income.

Foreign exchange gains and losses arising from transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the entity involved, are included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Use of Estimates

Preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We continually evaluate estimates used in the preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements for reasonableness. Appropriate adjustments, if any, to the estimates used are made prospectively based upon such periodic evaluation. The significant areas of estimation include determining the deferred tax valuation allowance, estimating accrued clinical expenses, the inputs in determining the fair value of the in-process research and development (“IPR&D”) and goodwill as part of the annual impairment analysis, the inputs in determining the fair value of equity-based awards and warrants issued as well as the values ascribed to assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations. Actual results may differ from estimates made.

Goodwill and In-Process Research and Development

The Company’s intangible assets determined to have indefinite useful lives including IPR&D and goodwill, are tested for impairment annually, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that the assets might be impaired. Such circumstances could include but are not limited to: (1) a significant adverse change in legal factors or in business climate, (2) unanticipated competition, or (3) an adverse action or assessment by a regulator.

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired in a business combination. When evaluating goodwill for impairment, we may first perform an assessment qualitatively whether it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s carrying amount exceeds its fair value, referred to as a “step zero” approach. Subsequently (if necessary after step zero), if the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeded its fair value an impairment would be recorded. We would perform our goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. The Company has established August 31st as the date for its annual impairment test of goodwill. There was no goodwill impairment determined as a result of the Company’s annual testing on August 31, 2018. The fair value of the Company, which consists of a single reporting unit, included in the impairment test was determined using the closing market stock price of VBI as of August 31, 2018.

The goodwill is in VBI Cda and the change in carrying value from December 31, 2017 relates to currency translation adjustments which decreased goodwill by $247 for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2018.

The costs of rights to IPR&D projects acquired in an asset acquisition are expensed in the consolidated statements of operations unless the project has an alternative future use. These costs include initial payments incurred prior to regulatory approval in connection with research and development agreements that provide rights to develop, manufacture, market and/or sell pharmaceutical products.

IPR&D acquired in a business combination is capitalized as an intangible asset and tested for impairment at least annually until commercialization, after which time the IPR&D is amortized over its estimated useful life. The impairment test compares the carrying amount of the IPR&D asset to its fair value. If the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the asset, such excess is recorded as an impairment loss. There was no IPR&D impairment determined as a result of the Company’s annual testing on August 31, 2018. The fair value of the IPR&D assets included in the impairment test on August 31, 2018 was determined using the income approach method and is considered Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. Some of the more significant estimates and assumptions inherent in the estimate of the fair value of IPR&D assets include the amount and timing of costs to develop the IPR&D into viable products, the amount and timing of future cash inflows, the discount rate and the probability of technical and regulatory success applied to the cash flows. The discount rate used was 13.5%  and the cumulative probability of technical and regulatory success to achieve approval to market the products ranged from approximately 6% to 25%.  

The change in carrying value from December 31, 2017 relates to currency translation adjustments which decreased IPR&D by $1,735 for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2018.

Fair value measurements of financial instruments

Accounting guidance defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (the exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The accounting guidance outlines a valuation framework and creates a fair value hierarchy in order to increase the consistency and comparability of fair value measurements and the related disclosures.

The fair value hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the source of inputs as follows:

Level 1 — Valuations based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 — Valuations based on observable inputs and quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities.

Level 3 — Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and models that are significant to the overall fair value measurement.

Financial instruments recognized in the condensed consolidated balance sheet consist of cash, accounts receivable, other current assets, accounts payable and other current liabilities. The Company believes that the carrying value of its current financial instruments approximates their fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The Company does not hold any derivative financial instruments.

The carrying amounts of the Company’s long-term assets approximate their respective fair values.

At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the fair value of our outstanding debt, which is considered level 3 in the fair value hierarchy, is estimated to be approximately $15,639  and $15,157, respectively.

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New Accounting Pronouncements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Accounting Changes and Error Corrections [Abstract]

New Accounting Pronouncements

3. NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Recently Issued Accounting Standards, not yet Adopted

Leases

In February 2016 the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2016-02: Leases. The ASU introduces a lessee model that results in most leases impacting the balance sheet. The ASU addresses other concerns related to the current lease model. Under ASU 2016-02, lessees will be required to recognize for all leases with terms longer than 12 months, at the commencement date of the lease, a lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease measured on a discounted basis, and a right-to-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use or control the use of a specified asset for the lease term. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition. The update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years.

In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-10 “Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases”.  This ASU affects narrow aspects of the guidance issued in the amendments in ASU 2016-02 including those regarding residual value guarantees, rate implicit in the lease, lessee reassessment of lease classification, lessor reassessment of lease term and purchase option, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, investment tax credits, lease term and purchase option, transition guidance for amounts previously recognized in business combinations, certain transition adjustments, transition guidance for leases previously classified as capital leases under Topic 840, transition guidance for modifications to leases previously classified as direct financing or sales-type leases under Topic 840, transition guidance for sale and leaseback transactions, impairment of net investment in the lease, unguaranteed residual asset, effect of initial direct costs on rate implicit in the lease, and failed sale and leaseback transactions. 

The Company will implement ASC 842 retrospectively with an application date of January 1, 2019 through a cumulative-effect adjustment to opening retained earnings while the comparative period presented in the financial statements and footnote disclosures will continue to be in accordance with Topic 840 – Leases. The Company will use the package of practical expedients relating to: 1) the need to re-assess expired or existing contracts that are or contain leases; 2) the need to reassess lease classification for any expired or existing leases; and 3) the need the reassess initial direct costs for existing leases.

The Company anticipates that with the adoption of this standard, recognition of right-of use assets and operating lease liabilities in the range of $1,500 to $1,800 will be recorded on its consolidated balance sheet. There will be no impact on opening retained earnings.

Compensation – Stock Compensation

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07: Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. This ASU expands the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from non-employees, and as a result, the accounting for share-based payments to non-employees will be substantially aligned. ASU 2018-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that fiscal year, early adoption is permitted but no earlier than an entity’s adoption date of Topic 606. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this new guidance will have on its financial statements and related disclosures.

Intangibles – Goodwill and Other, Internal-Use Software

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15: Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customers’ accounting for implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract. This ASU aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. Accordingly, the amendments require an entity (customer) in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract to follow the guidance in Subtopic 350-40 to determine which implementation costs to capitalize as an asset related to the service contract and which costs to expense. ASU 2018-15 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. This ASU can be applied either retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this new guidance will have on its financial statements and related disclosures.

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Inventory, Net

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventory, Net

4. INVENTORY, NET

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or market and consists of the following:

	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Finished goods	$	71	$	99
Work-in-process		277		119
Raw materials		772		570
	$	1,120	$	788

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Property and Equipment

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment

5. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 the Company recorded an impairment of $278 related to certain leasehold improvements and manufacturing equipment no longer being utilized in the business as a result of the modernization and capacity increases of our manufacturing facility. The amount represented the remaining net book value of these assets. The impairment is included in general and administrative on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

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Intangibles

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Intangibles

6. INTANGIBLES

			September 30, 2018
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated  Amortization			Cumulative Impairment Charge			Cumulative Currency Translation		Net Book  Value
Patents	$	669	$	(444	)	$	-		$	21	$	246
IPR&D assets		61,500		-			(300	)		85		61,285
	$	62,169	$	(444	)	$	(300	)	$	106	$	61,531

			December 31, 2017
	Gross  Carrying Amount		Accumulated  Amortization			Cumulative Impairment Charge			Cumulative Currency Translation		Net Book  Value
Patents	$	669	$	(397	)	$	-		$	33	$	305
IPR&D assets		61,500		-			(300	)		1,831		63,031
	$	62,169	$	(397	)	$	(300	)	$	1,864	$	63,336

The Company amortizes intangible assets with finite lives on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives.

Amortization related to the IPR&D assets will not begin amortizing until the Company commercializes its products.

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Other Current Liabilities

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]

Other Current Liabilities

7. OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

Other current liabilities consisted of the following:

	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Accrued expenses (including clinical trial accrued expenses)	$	11,439	$	7,921
Payroll and employee-related costs		933		1,699
Other current liabilities		83		206
	$	12,455	$	9,826

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Loss Per Share of Common Shares

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Loss Per Share of Common Shares

8. LOSS PER SHARE OF COMMON SHARES

Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common shares outstanding during each period. Diluted loss per share includes the effect, if any, from the potential exercise or conversion of securities, such as warrants, and stock options, which would result in the issuance of incremental shares of common shares unless such effect is anti-dilutive. In computing the basic and diluted net loss per share applicable to common stockholders, the weighted average number of shares remains the same for both calculations due to the fact that when a net loss exists, dilutive shares are not included in the calculation as their effect would be anti-dilutive. These potentially dilutive securities are more fully described in Note 10, Stockholders’ Equity and Additional Paid-in Capital.

The following potentially dilutive securities outstanding at September 30, 2018 and 2017 have been excluded from the computation of diluted weighted average shares outstanding, as they would be antidilutive:

	September 30, 2018		September 30, 2017
Warrants		2,618,824		2,068,824
Stock options and equity awards		3,954,548		2,870,982
		6,573,372		4,939,806

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Long-Term Debt - Related Party

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Long-Term Debt - Related Party

9. LONG-TERM DEBT – RELATED PARTY

As at September 30, 2018 and the December 31, 2017, the long-term debt is as follows:

	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Long-term debt, net of debt discount	$	13,684	$	13,138
Less: current portion		1,800		1,600
	$	11,884	$	11,538

On May 6, 2016, the Company through VBI DE assumed a term loan facility with Perceptive Credit Holdings, LP, a related party, (the “Lender”) in the amount of $6,000 (the “Facility”). On December 6, 2016, the Company amended the Facility (the “Amended Facility”) and raised the Lender’s commitment amount to $13,200, including the remaining balance from the Facility of $1,800. On July 17, 2018, the Company amended the Amended Facility (the “Second Amended Facility”) to extend the period the Company is required to pay only the interest on the loan from May 31, 2018 to December 31, 2018 and to extend the expiration date of certain warrants to purchase 363,771 common shares issued to the Lender with an original issue date of July 25, 2019 to December 6, 2021. The Company accounted for this as a debt modification, and as a result of the extension of the warrant expiration date in connection with the Second Amended Facility, the debt discount was increased by $386. This amount represents the incremental fair value of the modified warrants.

The total principal amount of the loan under the Amended Facility outstanding at September 30, 2018, including the $300 exit fee discussed below, is $15,300. The principal amount of the loan made under the Second Amended Facility accrues interest at an annual rate equal to the greater of (a) one-month LIBOR (subject to a 5.00% cap) or (b) 1.00%, plus the Applicable Margin. The Applicable Margin will be 11.00%. The Company was required to only pay interest initially until May 31, 2018, which date has been extended to December 31, 2018, pursuant to the Second Amended Facility. The interest rate as of September 30, 2018 was 13.125%. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, and during the continuance of an event of default, the Applicable Margin, defined above, will be increased by 4.00% per annum. This term loan facility matures December 6, 2019 and includes both financial and non-financial covenants, including a minimum cash balance requirement. The Company was in compliance with these covenants as of September 30, 2018. Pursuant to the Amended Facility, the Company agreed to appoint a representative of the lender on the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”) who was also a portfolio manager of the Company’s largest shareholder. Effective January 2018, the Lender’s representative resigned from our Board.

The Company’s obligations under the Second Amended Facility are secured on a senior basis by a lien on substantially all of the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries and are guaranteed by the Company and its subsidiaries. The Second Amended Facility also contains customary events of default.

The total debt discount of $3,839 is being charged to interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the debt. As of September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, the unamortized debt discount is $1,616 and $2,163.

Interest expense, net of interest income recorded in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was as follows:

	Three months ended September 30						Nine months ended September 30
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Interest expense – related party	$	503		$	469		$	1,469		$	1,375
Amortization of debt discount – related party		342			299		$	931			884
Interest income		(129	)		(26	)		(509	)		(71	)
Total interest expense, net of interest income	$	716		$	742		$	1,891		$	2,188

The following table summarizes the future principal payments due under long-term debt:

	Principal  payments on  Second Amended Facility  and exit fee
Remaining 2018	$	-
2019		15,300
	$	15,300

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Stockholders' Equity and Additional Paid-In Capital

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity and Additional Paid-In Capital

10. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND ADDITIONAL PAID-IN CAPITAL

Stock option plans

The Company’s stock option plans are approved by and administered by the Company’s Board and its Compensation Committee. The Board designates, in connection with recommendations from the Compensation Committee, eligible participants to be included under the plan, and designates the number of options, exercise price and vesting period of the new options.

2006 VBI US Stock Option Plan

No further options will be issued under the 2006 VBI US Stock Option Plan (the “2006 Plan”). As at September 30, 2018, there were 1,140,053 options outstanding under the 2006 Plan.

2013 Stock Incentive Plan

No further options will be issued under the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2013 Plan”). As at September 30, 2018, there were 3,460 options outstanding under the 2013 Plan.

2014 Equity Incentive Plan

No further options will be issued under the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2014 Plan”). As at September 30, 2018, there were 614,878 options outstanding under the 2014 Plan.

2016 VBI Equity Incentive Plan

The 2016 VBI Equity Incentive Plan (the “2016 Plan”) is a rolling incentive plan that sets the number of common shares issuable under the 2016 Plan, together with any other security-based compensation arrangement of the Company, at a maximum of 10% of the aggregate common shares issued and outstanding on a non-diluted basis at the time of any grant under the 2016 Plan. The 10% maximum is inclusive of options granted under all equity incentive plans. The 2016 Plan is an omnibus equity incentive plan pursuant to which the Company may grant equity and equity-linked awards to eligible participants in order to promote the success of the Company by providing a means to offer incentives and to attract, motivate, retain and reward persons eligible to participate in the 2016 Plan. Grants under the 2016 Plan include a grant or right consisting of one or more options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted share units (“RSUs”), performance share units (“PSUs”), shares of restricted stock or other such award as may be permitted under the 2016 Plan. As at September 30, 2018, there were 1,871,044 options and 325,113 stock awards outstanding under the 2016 Plan.

The aggregate number of common shares remaining available for issuance for awards under the 2016 Plan total 1,724,229 at September 30, 2018.

Activity related to stock options is as follows:

	Number of Stock Options			Weighted Average  Exercise Price
Balance outstanding at December 31, 2017		2,351,395		$	4.44
Granted		1,515,000		$	3.82
Forfeited		(197,132	)		4.74
Exercised		(39,828	)	$	2.50
Balance outstanding at September 30, 2018		3,629,435		$	4.16
Exercisable at September 30, 2018		2,162,478		$	4.73

Information relating to restricted stock units is as follow:

	Number of Stock Awards			Weighted Average Fair Value at Grant Date
Unvested shares outstanding at December 31, 2017		424,379		$	3.99
Granted		150,000		$	4.26
Vested and exercised		(224,266	)	$	4.00
Forfeited		(25,000	)	$	3.87
Unvested shares outstanding at September 30, 2018		325,113		$	4.11

In determining the amount of stock-based compensation the Company used the Black-Scholes option pricing model to establish the fair value of options granted by applying the following weighted average assumptions:

	2018			2017
Volatility		114.68	%		87.22	%
Risk free interest rate		2.57	%		2.31	%
Expected term in years		5.84			6.3
Expected dividend yield		0.00	%		0.00	%
Weighted average fair value per option	$	3.21		$	3.12

The fair value of the options is recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period and forfeitures are accounted for when they occur. The total stock-based compensation expense recorded in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was as follows:

	Three months ended September 30				Nine months ended September 30
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Research and development	$	168	$	166	$	557	$	553
General and administrative		590		410		2,087		1,241
Cost of revenues		15		17		44		50
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	773	$	593	$	2,688	$	1,844

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Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

11. INCOME TAXES

The Company operates in U.S., Israel and Canadian tax jurisdictions. Its income is subject to varying rates of tax, and losses incurred in one jurisdiction cannot be used to offset income taxes payable in another.

The Company determines its annual effective tax rate at the end of each interim period based on the year to date period results. Since the Company is incorporated in Canada, it is required to use Canada’s statutory tax rate of 26.00% in the determination of the estimated annual effective tax rate.

The Company’s effective tax rate on loss before tax for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 of 0.00% and 0.00% (0% and 1.5%, respectively for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017) differs from the Canadian statutory rate of 26.00% primarily due to recording a valuation allowance on the Canadian deferred tax assets in excess of the remaining Canadian deferred tax liability and the effect of recording a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets in all other jurisdictions.

The Company maintains a valuation allowance on all of its deferred tax assets. A valuation allowance is required when, based upon an assessment of various factors, including recent operating loss history, anticipated future earnings, and prudent and reasonable tax planning strategies, it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

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Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

12. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Legal Proceedings

From time to time, the Company may be involved in certain claims and litigation arising out of the ordinary course and conduct of business. Management assesses such claims and, if it considers that it is probable that an asset had been impaired or a liability had been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated, provisions for loss are made based on management’s assessment of the most likely outcome.

On September 13, 2018, two unidentified minors filed, through their parents, a claim in the District Court of the central district in Israel against our subsidiary SciVac Ltd., alleging, among other things, defects in certain batches of Sci-B-Vac discovered in July 2015; that Sci-B-Vac was approved for use in children and infants in Israel without sufficient evidence establishing its safety; that SciVac Ltd. failed to provide accurate information about Sci-B-Vac to consumers and that each child suffered side effects from the vaccine. The claim was filed together with a motion seeking approval of a class action on behalf of 428,000 children vaccinated with Sci-B-Vac in Israel from April, 2011 and seeking damages in a total amount of NIS 1,879,500,000 (not in thousands).

SciVac Ltd. believes this matter to be without merit and intends to oppose this motion and otherwise defend this matter vigorously.

Operating Leases

The Company has entered into various non-cancelable lease agreements for its office, lab and manufacturing facilities. These arrangements expire at various times through 2022. Rent expense for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $242 and $233, respectively and for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $721 and $689, respectively.

The future annual minimum payments under these leases is as follows:

Year ending December 31
Remaining 2018	$	251
2019		927
2020		517
2021		441
2022		37
Thereafter		-
Total	$	2,173

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Segment Information

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Information

13. SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) has been identified as the chief operating decision maker. The CEO evaluates the performance of the Company and allocates resources based on the information provided by the Company’s internal management system at a consolidated level. The Company has determined that it has only one operating segment.

Revenues from external customers are attributed to geographic areas based on location of the contracting customers:

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Israel	$	108	$	153	$	388	$	400
Asia		-		40		31		101
North America		-		-		-		150
South America		-		-		-		2
Europe		151		-		252		11
Total	$	259	$	193	$	671	$	664

There was no revenue attributed to our country of domicile, Canada, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.

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Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

The Company’s fiscal year ends on December 31 of each calendar year. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in U.S. dollars (“USD”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), for interim reporting. Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with United States of America generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”), have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The December 31, 2017 consolidated balance sheet in this document was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements and does not include all of the disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. The condensed consolidated financial statements and notes included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q (this “Form 10-Q”) should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (the “2017 10-K”), as filed with the SEC on February 26, 2018.

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries: SciVac, VBI DE, VBI US and VBI Cda. Intercompany balances and transactions between the Company and its subsidiaries are eliminated in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

In the opinion of management, these condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments and accruals of a normal and recurring nature necessary to fairly state the results of the periods presented. The results for the periods presented are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full year or for any future periods.

Reclassification

Reclassification

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current quarter presentation and were not material to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue recognition

Revenues consist primarily of product sales of vaccines and research services. We apply the five-step model outlined in Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts from Customers (ASC 606). Revenue is recognized when control of the promised products or services is transferred to the Company’s customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those products or services (the transaction price). We adopted ASC 606 effective January 1, 2018. As a result, we have changed our accounting for revenue recognition. We applied ASC 606 using the modified retrospective method and there was no material impact to our consolidated financial statements related to the adoption of ASC 606.

Foreign Currency

Foreign currency

The functional and reporting currency of the Company is the USD. Each of the Company’s subsidiaries determines its own respective functional currency based on the primary economic environment that it operates in, and this currency is used to separately measure each entity’s financial position and operating results.

Assets and liabilities of foreign operations with a different functional currency from that of the Company are translated at the closing rate at the end of each reporting period. Profit or loss items are translated at average exchange rates for all the relevant periods. All resulting translation differences are recognized as a component of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income.

Foreign exchange gains and losses arising from transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the entity involved, are included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

Preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We continually evaluate estimates used in the preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements for reasonableness. Appropriate adjustments, if any, to the estimates used are made prospectively based upon such periodic evaluation. The significant areas of estimation include determining the deferred tax valuation allowance, estimating accrued clinical expenses, the inputs in determining the fair value of the in-process research and development (“IPR&D”) and goodwill as part of the annual impairment analysis, the inputs in determining the fair value of equity-based awards and warrants issued as well as the values ascribed to assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations. Actual results may differ from estimates made.

Goodwill and In-Process Research and Development

Goodwill and In-Process Research and Development

The Company’s intangible assets determined to have indefinite useful lives including IPR&D and goodwill, are tested for impairment annually, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that the assets might be impaired. Such circumstances could include but are not limited to: (1) a significant adverse change in legal factors or in business climate, (2) unanticipated competition, or (3) an adverse action or assessment by a regulator.

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired in a business combination. When evaluating goodwill for impairment, we may first perform an assessment qualitatively whether it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s carrying amount exceeds its fair value, referred to as a “step zero” approach. Subsequently (if necessary after step zero), if the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeded its fair value an impairment would be recorded. We would perform our goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. The Company has established August 31st as the date for its annual impairment test of goodwill. There was no goodwill impairment determined as a result of the Company’s annual testing on August 31, 2018. The fair value of the Company, which consists of a single reporting unit, included in the impairment test was determined using the closing market stock price of VBI as of August 31, 2018.

The goodwill is in VBI Cda and the change in carrying value from December 31, 2017 relates to currency translation adjustments which decreased goodwill by $247 for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2018.

The costs of rights to IPR&D projects acquired in an asset acquisition are expensed in the consolidated statements of operations unless the project has an alternative future use. These costs include initial payments incurred prior to regulatory approval in connection with research and development agreements that provide rights to develop, manufacture, market and/or sell pharmaceutical products.

IPR&D acquired in a business combination is capitalized as an intangible asset and tested for impairment at least annually until commercialization, after which time the IPR&D is amortized over its estimated useful life. The impairment test compares the carrying amount of the IPR&D asset to its fair value. If the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the asset, such excess is recorded as an impairment loss. There was no IPR&D impairment determined as a result of the Company’s annual testing on August 31, 2018. The fair value of the IPR&D assets included in the impairment test on August 31, 2018 was determined using the income approach method and is considered Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. Some of the more significant estimates and assumptions inherent in the estimate of the fair value of IPR&D assets include the amount and timing of costs to develop the IPR&D into viable products, the amount and timing of future cash inflows, the discount rate and the probability of technical and regulatory success applied to the cash flows. The discount rate used was 13.5%  and the cumulative probability of technical and regulatory success to achieve approval to market the products ranged from approximately 6% to 25%.  

The change in carrying value from December 31, 2017 relates to currency translation adjustments which decreased IPR&D by $1,735 for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2018.

Fair Value Measurements of Financial Instruments

Fair value measurements of financial instruments

Accounting guidance defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (the exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The accounting guidance outlines a valuation framework and creates a fair value hierarchy in order to increase the consistency and comparability of fair value measurements and the related disclosures.

The fair value hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the source of inputs as follows:

Level 1 — Valuations based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 — Valuations based on observable inputs and quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities.

Level 3 — Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and models that are significant to the overall fair value measurement.

Financial instruments recognized in the condensed consolidated balance sheet consist of cash, accounts receivable, other current assets, accounts payable and other current liabilities. The Company believes that the carrying value of its current financial instruments approximates their fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The Company does not hold any derivative financial instruments.

The carrying amounts of the Company’s long-term assets approximate their respective fair values.

At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the fair value of our outstanding debt, which is considered level 3 in the fair value hierarchy, is estimated to be approximately $15,639  and $15,157, respectively.

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Inventory, Net (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Inventory

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or market and consists of the following:

	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Finished goods	$	71	$	99
Work-in-process		277		119
Raw materials		772		570
	$	1,120	$	788

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Intangibles (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Intangibles Assets

			September 30, 2018
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated  Amortization			Cumulative Impairment Charge			Cumulative Currency Translation		Net Book  Value
Patents	$	669	$	(444	)	$	-		$	21	$	246
IPR&D assets		61,500		-			(300	)		85		61,285
	$	62,169	$	(444	)	$	(300	)	$	106	$	61,531

			December 31, 2017
	Gross  Carrying Amount		Accumulated  Amortization			Cumulative Impairment Charge			Cumulative Currency Translation		Net Book  Value
Patents	$	669	$	(397	)	$	-		$	33	$	305
IPR&D assets		61,500		-			(300	)		1,831		63,031
	$	62,169	$	(397	)	$	(300	)	$	1,864	$	63,336

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Other Current Liabilities (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Other Current Liabilities

Other current liabilities consisted of the following:

	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Accrued expenses (including clinical trial accrued expenses)	$	11,439	$	7,921
Payroll and employee-related costs		933		1,699
Other current liabilities		83		206
	$	12,455	$	9,826

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Loss Per Share of Common Shares (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Antidilutive Weighted Average Shares Outstanding

The following potentially dilutive securities outstanding at September 30, 2018 and 2017 have been excluded from the computation of diluted weighted average shares outstanding, as they would be antidilutive:

	September 30, 2018		September 30, 2017
Warrants		2,618,824		2,068,824
Stock options and equity awards		3,954,548		2,870,982
		6,573,372		4,939,806

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Long-Term Debt - Related Party (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Long-Term Debt

As at September 30, 2018 and the December 31, 2017, the long-term debt is as follows:

	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Long-term debt, net of debt discount	$	13,684	$	13,138
Less: current portion		1,800		1,600
	$	11,884	$	11,538

Schedule of Interest Expense

Interest expense, net of interest income recorded in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was as follows:

	Three months ended September 30						Nine months ended September 30
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Interest expense – related party	$	503		$	469		$	1,469		$	1,375
Amortization of debt discount – related party		342			299		$	931			884
Interest income		(129	)		(26	)		(509	)		(71	)
Total interest expense, net of interest income	$	716		$	742		$	1,891		$	2,188

Schedule of Future Payment of Long-Term Debt

The following table summarizes the future principal payments due under long-term debt:

	Principal  payments on  Second Amended Facility  and exit fee
Remaining 2018	$	-
2019		15,300
	$	15,300

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Stockholders' Equity and Additional Paid-In Capital (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Schedule of Stock Options Activity

Activity related to stock options is as follows:

	Number of Stock Options			Weighted Average  Exercise Price
Balance outstanding at December 31, 2017		2,351,395		$	4.44
Granted		1,515,000		$	3.82
Forfeited		(197,132	)		4.74
Exercised		(39,828	)	$	2.50
Balance outstanding at September 30, 2018		3,629,435		$	4.16
Exercisable at September 30, 2018		2,162,478		$	4.73

Schedule of Restricted Stock Units

Information relating to restricted stock units is as follow:

	Number of Stock Awards			Weighted Average Fair Value at Grant Date
Unvested shares outstanding at December 31, 2017		424,379		$	3.99
Granted		150,000		$	4.26
Vested and exercised		(224,266	)	$	4.00
Forfeited		(25,000	)	$	3.87
Unvested shares outstanding at September 30, 2018		325,113		$	4.11

Schedule of Fair Value of Options Granted By Using Black-Scholes Option Pricing Assumptions

In determining the amount of stock-based compensation the Company used the Black-Scholes option pricing model to establish the fair value of options granted by applying the following weighted average assumptions:

	2018			2017
Volatility		114.68	%		87.22	%
Risk free interest rate		2.57	%		2.31	%
Expected term in years		5.84			6.3
Expected dividend yield		0.00	%		0.00	%
Weighted average fair value per option	$	3.21		$	3.12

Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense

The total stock-based compensation expense recorded in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was as follows:

	Three months ended September 30				Nine months ended September 30
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Research and development	$	168	$	166	$	557	$	553
General and administrative		590		410		2,087		1,241
Cost of revenues		15		17		44		50
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	773	$	593	$	2,688	$	1,844

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Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Future Annual Minimum Lease Payments

The future annual minimum payments under these leases is as follows:

Year ending December 31
Remaining 2018	$	251
2019		927
2020		517
2021		441
2022		37
Thereafter		-
Total	$	2,173

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Segment Information (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of Revenue by Geographical Region

Revenues from external customers are attributed to geographic areas based on location of the contracting customers:

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Israel	$	108	$	153	$	388	$	400
Asia		-		40		31		101
North America		-		-		-		150
South America		-		-		-		2
Europe		151		-		252		11
Total	$	259	$	193	$	671	$	664

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Nature of Business and Continuation of Business (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Accumulated deficit	$ 188,325		$ 143,975
Net cash flows used in operating activities	$ 37,983	$ 21,890

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Significant Accounting Policies (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Cumulative translation adjustment	$ 247
Fair value of debt outstanding	15,639	$ 15,157
IPR&D assets [Member]
Cumulative translation adjustment	$ 1,735
IPR&D assets [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Cumulative probability of technical and regulatory success, percentage	6.00%
IPR&D assets [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Cumulative probability of technical and regulatory success, percentage	25.00%
IPR&D assets [Member] | Discount Rate [Member]
Percentage on discount rate	13.50%

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New Accounting Pronouncements (Details Narrative) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($)
Minimum [Member]
Right-of use assets and operating lease liabilities	$ 1,500
Maximum [Member]
Right-of use assets and operating lease liabilities	$ 1,800

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Inventory, Net - Schedule of Inventory (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Finished goods	$ 71	$ 99
Work-in-process	277	119
Raw materials	772	570
Inventory net	$ 1,120	$ 788

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Property and Equipment (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Impairment of property and equipment	$ 278

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Intangibles - Schedule of Intangibles Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Intangible assets, Gross	$ 62,169	$ 62,169
Accumulated Amortization	(444)	(397)
Cumulative Impairment Charge	(300)	(300)
Cumulative Currency Translation	106	1,864
Intangible assets, Net	61,531	63,336
Patents [Member]
Intangible assets, Gross	669	669
Accumulated Amortization	(444)	(397)
Cumulative Impairment Charge
Cumulative Currency Translation	21	33
Intangible assets, Net	246	305
IPR&D [Member]
Intangible assets, Gross	61,500	61,500
Accumulated Amortization
Cumulative Impairment Charge	(300)	(300)
Cumulative Currency Translation	85	1,831
Intangible assets, Net	$ 61,285	$ 63,031

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Other Current Liabilities - Schedule of Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]
Accrued expenses (including clinical trial accrued expenses)	$ 11,439	$ 7,921
Payroll and employee-related costs	933	1,699
Other current liabilities	83	206
Total Other current liabilities	$ 12,455	$ 9,826

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Loss Per Share of Common Shares - Schedule of Antidilutive Weighted Average Shares Outstanding (Details) - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Antidilutive weighted average shares outstanding	6,573,372	4,939,806
Warrants [Member]
Antidilutive weighted average shares outstanding	2,618,824	2,068,824
Stock Options and Equity Awards [Member]
Antidilutive weighted average shares outstanding	3,954,548	2,870,982

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Long-Term Debt - Related Party (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands			9 Months Ended
	Jul. 17, 2018	Dec. 06, 2016	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	May 06, 2016
Debt instrument, extension date, description	May 31, 2018 to December 31, 2018
Number of warrants issued to purchase common stock shares	363,771
Warrants to purchase common shares original issue date description	Original issue date of July 25, 2019 to December 6, 2021.
Increase in debt discount	$ 386
Interest expense debt			$ 3,839
Unamortized debt discount			1,616	$ 2,163
Perceptive Credit Holdings, LP [Member]
Line of credit maximum borrowing capacity					$ 6,000
Proceeds from line of credit		$ 13,200
Line of credit remaining balance		$ 1,800
Exit fee			300
Long term debt, gross			$ 15,300
Term loan annual interest rate description			The principal amount of the loan made under the Second Amended Facility accrues interest at an annual rate equal to the greater of (a) one-month LIBOR (subject to a 5.00% cap) or (b) 1.00%, plus the Applicable Margin. The Applicable Margin will be 11.00%.
Term loan interest rate			13.125%
Term loan maturity date			Dec. 06, 2019
Perceptive Credit Holdings, LP [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Term loan interest rate			4.00%

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Long-Term Debt - Related Party - Schedule of Long-Term Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Long-term debt, net of debt discount	$ 13,684	$ 13,138
Less: current portion	1,800	1,600
Long-term debt	$ 11,884	$ 11,538

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Long-Term Debt - Related Party - Schedule of Interest Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Interest expense - related party	$ 503	$ 469	$ 1,469	$ 1,375
Amortization of debt discount - related party	342	299	931	884
Interest income	(129)	(26)	(509)	(71)
Total interest expense, net of interest income	$ 716	$ 742	$ 1,891	$ 2,188

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Long-Term Debt - Related Party - Schedule of Future Payment of Long-Term Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Total	$ 13,684	$ 13,138
Long-term Debt [Member]
Remaining 2018
2019	15,300
Total	$ 15,300

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Stockholders' Equity and Additional Paid-In Capital (Details Narrative)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018 shares
Number of common shares available for issuance	1,724,229
2006 VBI US Stock Option Plan [Member]
Number of options outstanding	1,140,053
2013 Stock Incentive Plan [Member]
Number of options outstanding	3,460
2014 Equity Incentive Plan [Member]
Number of options outstanding	614,878
2016 VBI Equity Incentive Plan [Member]
Maximum percentage of common shares issued and outstanding	10.00%
Maximum percentage of options granted	10.00%
Stock Options [Member] | 2016 VBI Equity Incentive Plan [Member]
Number of options outstanding	1,871,044
Stock Awards [Member] | 2016 VBI Equity Incentive Plan [Member]
Number of options outstanding	325,113

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Stockholders' Equity and Additional Paid-In Capital - Schedule of Stock Options Activity (Details) - Stock Options [Member]	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018 $ / shares shares
Number of Stock Options Outstanding, Beginning Balance | shares	2,351,395
Number of Stock Options, Granted | shares	1,515,000
Number of Stock Options, Forfeited | shares	(197,132)
Number of Stock Options, Exercised | shares	(39,828)
Number of Stock Options Outstanding, Ending Balance | shares	3,629,435
Number of Stock Options, Exercisable | shares	2,162,478
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Beginning Balance | $ / shares	$ 4.44
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Granted | $ / shares	3.82
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Forfeited | $ / shares	4.74
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Exercised | $ / shares	2.50
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Ending Balance | $ / shares	4.16
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Exercisable | $ / shares	$ 4.73

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Stockholders' Equity and Additional Paid-In Capital - Schedule of Restricted Stock Units (Details) - $ / shares	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Weighted Average Fair Value at Grant Date, Granted	$ 3.21	$ 3.12
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Number of Stock Awards, Unvested shares outstanding beginning balance	424,379
Number of Stock Awards, Granted	150,000
Number of Stock Awards, Vested and exercised	(224,266)
Number of Stock Awards, Forfeited	(25,000)
Number of Stock Awards, Unvested shares outstanding ending balance	325,113	424,379
Weighted Average Fair Value at Grant Date, Unvested shares outstanding beginning balance	$ 3.99
Weighted Average Fair Value at Grant Date, Granted	4.26
Weighted Average Fair Value at Grant Date, Vested and exercised	4.00
Weighted Average Fair Value at Grant Date, Forfeited	3.87
Weighted Average Fair Value at Grant Date, Unvested shares outstanding	$ 4.11	$ 3.99

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Stockholders' Equity and Additional Paid-In Capital - Schedule of Fair Value of Options Granted By Using Black-Scholes Option Pricing Assumptions (Details) - $ / shares	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]
Volatility	114.68%	87.22%
Risk free interest rate	2.57%	2.31%
Expected term in years	5 years 10 months 3 days	6 years 3 months 19 days
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%
Weighted average fair value per option	$ 3.21	$ 3.12

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Stockholders' Equity and Additional Paid-In Capital - Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 773	$ 593	$ 2,688	$ 1,844
Research and Development [Member]
Total stock-based compensation expense	168	166	557	553
General and Administrative [Member]
Total stock-based compensation expense	590	410	2,087	1,241
Cost of Revenues [Member]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 15	$ 17	$ 44	$ 50

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Income Taxes (Details Narrative) - Canada [Member]	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Statutory income tax rate			26.00%
Federal income tax rate	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	1.50%

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 13, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Operating leases expiration				2022
Operating leases, rent expense		$ 242	$ 233	$ 721	$ 689
NIS [Member]
Seeking damages	$ 1,879,500

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Commitments and Contingencies - Schedule of Future Annual Minimum Lease Payments (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Remaining 2018	$ 251
2019	927
2020	517
2021	441
2022	37
Thereafter
Total	$ 2,173

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Segment Information (Details Narrative) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($) Number	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($)
Revenue	$ 259	$ 193	$ 671	$ 664
Canada [Member]
Number of operating segment | Number			1
Revenue

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Segment Information - Schedule of Revenue by Geographical Region (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Revenue	$ 259	$ 193	$ 671	$ 664
Israel [Member]
Revenue	108	153	388	400
Asia [Member]
Revenue		40	31	101
North America [Member]
Revenue				150
South America [Member]
Revenue				2
Europe [Member]
Revenue	$ 151		$ 252	$ 11