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Additional Information
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Additional Information Additional Information
For the Years Ended December 31,
(in millions)202120202019
Research and development expense
$145 $131 $168 
Interest and other debt expense, net:
Interest expense$1,188 $1,223 $1,322 
Interest income(26)(14)(42)
$1,162 $1,209 $1,280 
The activity in the allowance for discounts and allowance for returned goods was as follows:
For the Years Ended December 31,
(in millions)202120202019
DiscountsReturned GoodsDiscountsReturned GoodsDiscountsReturned Goods
Balance at beginning of year$ $40 $— $32 $— $32 
Charged to costs and expenses647 124 633 98 604 127 
Deductions (1)
(647)(114)(633)(90)(604)(127)
Balance at end of year$ $50 $— $40 $— $32 
(1) Represents the recording of discounts and returns for which allowances were created.