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Additional Information (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Schedule of Other Nonoperating Income (Expense)
 
For the Years Ended December 31,
(in millions)
2018

 
2017

 
2016

Research and development expense
$
252

 
$
241

 
$
203

Advertising expense
$
37

 
$
29

 
$
27

Interest and other debt expense, net:
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense
$
697

 
$
727

 
$
754

Interest income
(32
)
 
(31
)
 
(13
)
   Interest related to NPM Adjustment Items

 
9

 
6

 
$
665

 
$
705

 
$
747

Rent expense
$
42

 
$
43

 
$
53

Schedule of Rental Commitments and Sublease Income Under Non-Cancelable Operating Leases
Minimum rental commitments and sublease income under non-cancelable operating leases in effect at December 31, 2018 were as follows:
(in millions)
Rental Commitments

 
Sublease Income

2019
$
41

 
$
5

2020
35

 
5

2021
31

 
5

2022
24

 
5

2023
17

 
5

Thereafter
34

 
2

 
$
182

 
$
27

Schedule of Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
The activity in the allowance for discounts and allowance for returned goods for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was as follows:
(in millions)
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
 
Discounts

 
Returned Goods

 
Discounts

 
Returned Goods

 
Discounts

 
Returned Goods

Balance at beginning of year
 
$

 
$
40

 
$

 
$
49

 
$

 
$
68

Charged to costs and expenses
 
620

 
97

 
626

 
130

 
628

 
133

Deductions (1)
 
(620
)
 
(105
)
 
(626
)
 
(139
)
 
(628
)
 
(152
)
Balance at end of year
 
$

 
$
32

 
$

 
$
40

 
$

 
$
49

(1) Represents the recording of discounts and returns for which allowances were created.
The activity in the allowance for losses on finance assets for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was as follows:
(in millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Balance at beginning of year
$
23

 
$
32

 
$
42

Decrease to allowance
(4
)
 
(9
)
 
(10
)
Balance at end of year
$
19

 
$
23

 
$
32