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Fair value measurement
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2019
Fair Value Disclosures  
Fair Value Measurement

Note 24 – Fair value measurement

ASC Subtopic 820-10 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three levels in order to increase consistency and comparability in fair value measurements and disclosures. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the reliability of inputs as follows:

  • Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Corporation has the ability to access at the measurement date. Valuation on these instruments does not necessitate a significant degree of judgment since valuations are based on quoted prices that are readily available in an active market.
  • Level 2 - Quoted prices other than those included in Level 1 that are observable either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or that can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.
  • Level 3 - Inputs are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement. Unobservable inputs reflect the Corporation’s own assumptions about assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

The Corporation maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the observable inputs be used when available. Fair value is based upon quoted market prices when available. If listed prices or quotes are not available, the Corporation employs internally-developed models that primarily use market-based inputs including yield curves, interest rates, volatilities, and credit curves, among others. Valuation adjustments are limited to those necessary to ensure that the financial instrument’s fair value is adequately representative of the price that would be received or paid in the marketplace. These adjustments include amounts that reflect counterparty credit quality, the Corporation’s credit standing, constraints on liquidity and unobservable parameters that are applied consistently. There have been no changes in the Corporation’s methodologies used to estimate the fair value of assets and liabilities from those disclosed in the 2018 Form 10-K.

The estimated fair value may be subjective in nature and may involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment for certain financial instruments. Changes in the underlying assumptions used in calculating fair value could significantly affect the results.

Fair Value on a Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis

The following fair value hierarchy tables present information about the Corporation’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

At March 31, 2019
(In thousands)Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
RECURRING FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Assets
Debt securities available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury securities$2,476,890$5,554,597$-$8,031,487
Obligations of U.S. Government sponsored entities-264,671-264,671
Obligations of Puerto Rico, States and political subdivisions-6,809-6,809
Collateralized mortgage obligations - federal agencies-701,766-701,766
Mortgage-backed securities-4,536,2891,2354,537,524
Other-438-438
Total debt securities available-for-sale$2,476,890$11,064,570$1,235$13,542,695
Trading account debt securities, excluding derivatives:
U.S. Treasury securities$6,764$-$-$6,764
Obligations of Puerto Rico, States and political subdivisions-129-129
Collateralized mortgage obligations-47595642
Mortgage-backed securities-28,1864328,229
Other-2,9754783,453
Total trading account debt securities, excluding derivatives$6,764$31,337$1,116$39,217
Equity securities$-$17,658$-$17,658
Mortgage servicing rights--167,813167,813
Derivatives -14,843-14,843
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis$2,483,654$11,128,408$170,164$13,782,226
Liabilities
Derivatives$-$(12,770)$-$(12,770)
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis$-$(12,770)$-$(12,770)

At December 31, 2018
(In thousands)Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
RECURRING FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Assets
Debt securities available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury securities$2,719,740$5,552,456$-$8,272,196
Obligations of U.S. Government sponsored entities-333,309-333,309
Obligations of Puerto Rico, States and political subdivisions-6,742-6,742
Collateralized mortgage obligations - federal agencies-728,671-728,671
Mortgage-backed securities-3,957,5451,2333,958,778
Other-488-488
Total debt securities available-for-sale$2,719,740$10,579,211$1,233$13,300,184
Trading account debt securities, excluding derivatives:
U.S. Treasury securities$6,278$-$-$6,278
Obligations of Puerto Rico, States and political subdivisions-134-134
Collateralized mortgage obligations-48611659
Mortgage-backed securities-27,2144327,257
Other-2,9744853,459
Total trading account debt securities, excluding derivatives$6,278$30,370$1,139$37,787
Equity securities$-$13,296$-$13,296
Mortgage servicing rights--169,777169,777
Derivatives -13,603-13,603
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis$2,726,018$10,636,480$172,149$13,534,647
Liabilities
Derivatives$-$(12,320)$-$(12,320)
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis$-$(12,320)$-$(12,320)

The fair value information included in the following tables is not as of period end, but as of the date that the fair value measurement was recorded during the quarters ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 and excludes nonrecurring fair value measurements of assets no longer outstanding as of the reporting date.

Quarter ended March 31, 2019
(In thousands)Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
NONRECURRING FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Assets Write-downs
Loans[1]$-$-$13,147$13,147$(3,316)
Other real estate owned[2]--8,0358,035(1,889)
Other foreclosed assets[2]--1,2831,283(118)
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis$-$-$22,465$22,465$(5,323)

1] Relates mostly to certain impaired collateral dependent loans. The impairment was measured based on the fair value of the collateral, which is derived from appraisals that take into consideration prices in observed transactions involving similar assets in similar locations, in accordance with the provisions of ASC Section 310-10-35. Costs to sell are excluded from the reported fair value amount

[2] Represents the fair value of foreclosed real estate and other collateral owned that were written down to their fair value. Costs to sell are excluded from the reported fair value amount.

Quarter ended March 31, 2018
(In thousands)Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
NONRECURRING FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Assets Write-downs
Loans[1]$-$-$29,826$29,826$(13,766)
Other real estate owned[2]--14,39714,397(3,116)
Other foreclosed assets[2]--2,0452,045(523)
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis$-$-$46,268$46,268$(17,405)

[1] Relates mostly to certain impaired collateral dependent loans. The impairment was measured based on the fair value of the collateral, which is derived from appraisals that take into consideration prices in observed transactions involving similar assets in similar locations, in accordance with the provisions of ASC Section 310-10-35. Costs to sell are excluded from the reported fair value amount.

[2] Represents the fair value of foreclosed real estate and other collateral owned that were written down to their fair value. Costs to sell are excluded from the reported fair value amount.

The following tables present the changes in Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the quarters ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

Quarter ended March 31, 2019
MBSCMOsOther
classifiedclassifiedsecurities
as debtas tradingMBS classified
securitiesaccountclassified asas tradingMortgage
available- debttrading accountaccount debtservicingTotal
(In thousands)for-salesecuritiesdebt securitiessecuritiesrightsassets
Balance at December 31, 2018$1,233$611$43$485$169,777$172,149
Gains (losses) included in earnings---(7)(3,825)(3,832)
Gains (losses) included in OCI2----2
Additions-14--1,8611,875
Settlements-(30)---(30)
Balance at March 31, 2019$1,235$595$43$478$167,813$170,164
Changes in unrealized gains (losses)
included in earnings relating to assets still held
at March 31, 2019$-$-$-$3$(747)$(744)

Quarter ended March 31, 2018
MBSCMOsOther
classifiedclassifiedMBS securities
as debtas tradingclassified asclassified
securitiesaccount tradingas tradingMortgage
available-debt account debt account debtservicingTotalContingentTotal
(In thousands)for-salesecuritiessecuritiessecuritiesrightsassetsconsiderationliabilities
Balance at December 31, 2017$1,288$529$43$529$168,031$170,420$(164,858)$(164,858)
Gains (losses) included in earnings---(10)(4,307)(4,317)(6,112)(6,112)
Gains (losses) included in OCI1----1--
Additions-16--2,5572,573--
Settlements(26)(57)---(83)--
Balance at March 31, 2018$1,263$488$43$519$166,281$168,594$(170,970)$(170,970)
Changes in unrealized gains
(losses) included in earnings
relating to assets still held
at March 31, 2018$-$-$-$5$-$5$(6,112)$(6,112)

Gains and losses (realized and unrealized) included in earnings for the quarters ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 for Level 3 assets and liabilities included in the previous tables are reported in the consolidated statements of operations as follows:

Quarter ended March 31, 2019Quarter ended March 31, 2018
Changes in unrealizedChanges in unrealized
Total gainsgains (losses) relating toTotal gainsgains (losses) relating to
(losses) includedassets still held at(losses) includedassets still held at
(In thousands)in earningsreporting datein earningsreporting date
FDIC loss share expense$-$-$(6,112)$(6,112)
Mortgage banking activities(3,825)(747)(4,307)-
Trading account loss(7)3(10)5
Total $(3,832)$(744)$(10,429)$(6,107)

The following table includes quantitative information about significant unobservable inputs used to derive the fair value of Level 3 instruments, excluding those instruments for which the unobservable inputs were not developed by the Corporation such as prices of prior transactions and/or unadjusted third-party pricing sources.

Fair value
at March 31,
(In thousands)2019 Valuation techniqueUnobservable inputsWeighted average (range)[1]
CMO's - trading$595Discounted cash flow modelWeighted average life1.8 years (1.2 - 2.0 years)
Yield4.1% (3.9% - 4.4%)
Prepayment speed17.7% (15.0% - 19.6%)
Other - trading$478Discounted cash flow modelWeighted average life5.2years
Yield12.0%
Prepayment speed10.8%
Mortgage servicing rights$167,813Discounted cash flow modelPrepayment speed5.4% (0.2% - 23.2%)
Weighted average life6.8 years (0.1 - 15.6 years)
Discount rate11.2% (9.5% - 24.5%)
Loans held-in-portfolio$ 9,610 [2]External appraisalHaircut applied on
external appraisals13.8% (11.4% - 25.0%)
Other real estate owned$ 5,871 [3]External appraisalHaircut applied on
external appraisals21.2% (15.0% - 25.0%)
[1] Weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements were calculated by relative fair value.
[2] Loans held-in-portfolio in which haircuts were not applied to external appraisals were excluded from this table.
[3] Other real estate owned in which haircuts were not applied to external appraisals were excluded from this table.

The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Corporation’s collateralized mortgage obligations and interest-only collateralized mortgage obligation (reported as “other”), which are classified in the “trading” category, are yield, constant prepayment rate, and weighted average life. Significant increases (decreases) in any of those inputs in isolation would result in significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement. Generally, a change in the assumption used for the constant prepayment rate will generate a directionally opposite change in the weighted average life. For example, as the average life is reduced by a higher constant prepayment rate, a lower yield will be realized, and when there is a reduction in the constant prepayment rate, the average life of these collateralized mortgage obligations will extend, thus resulting in a higher yield. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Corporation’s mortgage servicing rights are constant prepayment rates and discount rates. Increases in interest rates may result in lower prepayments. Discount rates vary according to products and / or portfolios depending on the perceived risk. Increases in discount rates result in a lower fair value measurement.