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Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements (Policies)
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Segments
SEGMENTS
Our reportable segments are determined considering both qualitative and quantitative metrics for aggregation of the product type within geographies for which discrete financial information is available. We have five reportable segments: U.S. Wallboard and Surfaces, U.S. Performance Materials, U.S. Ceilings, Canada, and USG Boral Building Products, or UBBP. Our U.S. Wallboard and Surfaces, U.S. Performance Materials and U.S. Ceilings reportable segments are identified based on products manufactured and marketed. Our Canada segment is a separately reportable segment, as while it has similar qualitative factors to U.S. operations, it has different quantitative metrics and, therefore, cannot be aggregated. Our operating segments in Mexico and Latin America are included in Other as reconciling items to our consolidated segments. This segment structure was effective for the quarter ended December 31, 2017. Our prior period results have been recast to reflect these changes and present comparative year over year information by segment.
Recently Adopted and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued ASU 2018-15, "Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract", which clarifies the accounting for implementation costs in cloud computing arrangements. ASU 2018-15 is effective for us on January 1, 2020, and earlier adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our consolidated financial statements.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, "Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments". Topic 326 eliminates the probable initial recognition threshold and, instead, requires the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This standard is effective for us on January 1, 2020 and earlier adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of Topic 326 on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and disclosures. We do not expect the adoption of Topic 326 to have a significant impact to our consolidated financial statements.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842),” which supersedes existing lease guidance. The new standard requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities on the balance sheet for the rights and obligations created by long-term leases and to disclose additional quantitative and qualitative information about leasing arrangements. Subsequently, the FASB has issued various ASUs to provide further clarification around certain aspects of Topic 842. We will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective transition method and will record a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings at the adoption date. We are currently finalizing our accounting policies, implementing a new leasing system, determining changes needed in current processes for lease accounting and verifying the completeness of our lease population and, thus, we are unable to quantify the financial statement impact at this time. The adoption of Topic 842 is expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated balance sheets and increase our disclosures on leases.
RECENTLY ADOPTED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
We adopted Accounting Standard Update, or ASU, 2018-02, "Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income," in the first quarter of 2018. The ASU allows for the reclassification of stranded tax effects on items resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, or the 2017 Tax Act, from accumulated other comprehensive income, or AOCI, to retained earnings. Tax effects unrelated to the 2017 Tax Act are released from AOCI using either the specific identification approach or the portfolio approach based on the nature of the underlying item. We elected not to reclassify the income tax effects of the 2017 Tax Act.
We adopted ASU 2017-07, “Compensation - Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost,” on January 1, 2018 using the practical expedient. This ASU required us to disaggregate and present current service cost along with other current compensation costs for employees while presenting other net benefit cost components below operating profit. In addition, only the service cost component of net benefit cost is eligible for capitalization in our inventory and fixed assets. We retrospectively adopted the presentation of service cost and prospectively adopted the capitalization of only service cost into inventory and fixed assets.
The effect of the adoption of ASU 2017-07 on our condensed consolidated statements of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 was as follows.
(millions)
Three months ended September 30, 2017
 
Nine months ended September 30, 2017
 
As Restated
 
Adjustment for Adoption of
ASU 2017-07
 
As Previously Reported
 
As Restated
 
Adjustment for Adoption of
ASU 2017-07
 
As Previously Reported
Gross profit
$
162

 
$
(1
)
 
$
163

 
$
489

 
$
(6
)
 
$
495

Operating profit
91

 
(2
)
 
93

 
270

 
(10
)
 
280

Other income, net
1

 
2

 
(1
)
 
5

 
10

 
(5
)
Net income
66

 
—

 
66

 
157

 
—

 
157


We adopted ASU 2016-15, "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments" on January 1, 2018 using the retrospective transition method. Topic 230 addresses specific cash flow issues with the stated objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice. There was no impact on adoption to our condensed consolidated cash flow statements and disclosures as we were already compliant with the provisions of the standard.
We adopted ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606),” and all related amendments on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method and practical expedients. Topic 606 supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in "Revenue Recognition (Topic 605)" and requires entities to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.
On January 1, 2018, we recorded an increase of $2 million to our opening balance of retained earnings for the cumulative effect of adopting Topic 606. The adjustment related to a change to the point in time at which we record revenue for most customers. Prior period amounts have not been restated and continue to be reported under the legacy accounting guidance of Topic 605. As of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the impact of applying Topic 606 as compared to applying Topic 605 is immaterial to our financial statements.
In addition to our cumulative effect adjustment, our adoption of Topic 606 resulted in additional quantitative disclosure of revenue by product and in the modification of certain significant accounting policies. See Note 4, Segments, for our revenue disaggregated by product and the revised polices below.
Revenue Recognition and Shipping and Handling Costs
Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenue upon transfer of control of our products to the customer which generally occurs upon shipment. We enter into agreements with customers to offer rebates, generally based on achievement of specified sales levels and various marketing allowances that are common industry practice. Reductions to revenue for customer programs and incentive offerings, including promotions and other volume-based incentives, are estimated using the most likely amount method and recorded in the period in which the sale occurs. Provisions for early payment discounts are accrued in the same period in which the sale occurs. We do not have any material payment terms as payment is received shortly after the point of sale. We pay commissions to third parties to obtain contracts. As these contracts are less than one year, these costs are expensed as incurred.
Shipping and Handling Costs
We include shipping and handling costs billed to customers in net sales and account for related costs as fulfillment activities. We present the costs in cost of products sold when control of our products transfers to the customer.