
	Risk Management and Hedging Activities

PacifiCorp is exposed to the impact of market fluctuations in commodity prices and interest rates. PacifiCorp is principally exposed to electricity, natural gas, coal and fuel oil commodity price risk as it has an obligation to serve retail customer load in its regulated service territories. PacifiCorp's load and generating facilities represent substantial underlying commodity positions. Exposures to commodity prices consist mainly of variations in the price of fuel required to generate electricity and wholesale electricity that is purchased and sold. Commodity prices are subject to wide price swings as supply and demand are impacted by, among many other unpredictable items, weather, market liquidity, generating facility availability, customer usage, storage, and transmission and transportation constraints. Interest rate risk exists on variable-rate debt and future debt issuances. PacifiCorp does not engage in a material amount of proprietary trading activities.

PacifiCorp has established a risk management process that is designed to identify, assess, manage, mitigate, monitor and report each of the various types of risk involved in its business. To mitigate a portion of its commodity price risk, PacifiCorp uses commodity derivative contracts, which may include forwards, options, swaps and other agreements, to effectively secure future supply or sell future production generally at fixed prices. PacifiCorp manages its interest rate risk by limiting its exposure to variable interest rates primarily through the issuance of fixed-rate long-term debt and by monitoring market changes in interest rates. Additionally, PacifiCorp may from time to time enter into interest rate derivative contracts, such as interest rate swaps or locks, to mitigate PacifiCorp's exposure to interest rate risk. No interest rate derivatives were in place during the periods presented. PacifiCorp does not hedge all of its commodity price and interest rate risks, thereby exposing the unhedged portion to changes in market prices.

There have been no significant changes in PacifiCorp's accounting policies related to derivatives. Refer to Note 9 for additional information on derivative contracts.

The following table, which reflects master netting arrangements and excludes contracts that have been designated as normal under the normal purchases or normal sales exception afforded by GAAP, summarizes the fair value of PacifiCorp's derivative contracts, on a gross basis, and reconciles those amounts to the amounts presented on a net basis on the Consolidated Balance Sheets (in millions):



	Other						Other			Other
	Current			Other			Current			Long-term
	Assets			Assets			Liabilities			Liabilities			Total

As of September 30, 2019
Not designated as hedging contracts⁽¹⁾:
Commodity assets	$	7		$	1		$	4		$	1		$	13
Commodity liabilities	(2		)	—			(34		)	(59		)	(95		)
Total	5			1			(30		)	(58		)	(82		)

Total derivatives	5			1			(30		)	(58		)	(82		)
Cash collateral receivable	—			—			20			34			54
Total derivatives - net basis	$	5		$	1		$	(10	)	$	(24	)	$	(28	)

As of December 31, 2018
Not designated as hedging contracts⁽¹⁾:
Commodity assets	$	36		$	4		$	10		$	1		$	51
Commodity liabilities	(9		)	(1		)	(67		)	(71		)	(148		)
Total	27			3			(57		)	(70		)	(97		)

Total derivatives	27			3			(57		)	(70		)	(97		)
Cash collateral (payable) receivable	(2		)	—			16			45			59
Total derivatives - net basis	$	25		$	3		$	(41	)	$	(25	)	$	(38	)


(1)	PacifiCorp's commodity derivatives are generally included in rates and as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, a regulatory asset of $81 million and $96 million, respectively, was recorded related to the net derivative liability of $82 million and $97 million, respectively.

The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balances of PacifiCorp's net regulatory assets and summarizes the pre-tax gains and losses on commodity derivative contracts recognized in net regulatory assets, as well as amounts reclassified to earnings (in millions):



	Three-Month Periods						Nine-Month Periods
	Ended September 30,						Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018

Beginning balance	$	101		$	116		$	96		$	101
Changes in fair value	16			14			(12		)	48
Net losses reclassified to operating revenue	(11		)	(36		)	(27		)	(30		)
Net (losses) gains reclassified to cost of fuel and energy	(25		)	8			24			(17		)
Ending balance	$	81		$	102		$	81		$	102

Derivative Contract Volumes

The following table summarizes the net notional amounts of outstanding commodity derivative contracts with fixed price terms that comprise the mark-to-market values as of (in millions):



	Unit of	September 30,		December 31,
	Measure	2019		2018

Electricity sales, net	Megawatt hours	(3	)	(6	)
Natural gas purchases	Decatherms	108		117

Credit Risk

PacifiCorp is exposed to counterparty credit risk associated with wholesale energy supply and marketing activities with other utilities, energy marketing companies, financial institutions and other market participants. Credit risk may be concentrated to the extent PacifiCorp's counterparties have similar economic, industry or other characteristics and due to direct or indirect relationships among the counterparties. Before entering into a transaction, PacifiCorp analyzes the financial condition of each significant wholesale counterparty, establishes limits on the amount of unsecured credit to be extended to each counterparty and evaluates the appropriateness of unsecured credit limits on an ongoing basis. To further mitigate wholesale counterparty credit risk, PacifiCorp enters into netting and collateral arrangements that may include margining and cross-product netting agreements and obtains third-party guarantees, letters of credit and cash deposits. If required, PacifiCorp exercises rights under these arrangements, including calling on the counterparty's credit support arrangement.

Collateral and Contingent Features

In accordance with industry practice, certain wholesale derivative contracts contain credit support provisions that in part base certain collateral requirements on credit ratings for senior unsecured debt as reported by one or more of the three recognized credit rating agencies. These derivative contracts may either specifically provide bilateral rights to demand cash or other security if credit exposures on a net basis exceed specified rating-dependent threshold levels ("credit-risk-related contingent features") or provide the right for counterparties to demand "adequate assurance," or in some cases terminate the contract, in the event of a material adverse change in PacifiCorp's creditworthiness. These rights can vary by contract and by counterparty. As of September 30, 2019, PacifiCorp's credit ratings for its senior secured debt and its issuer credit ratings for senior unsecured debt by Moody's Investor Service and Standard & Poor's Rating Services were investment grade.

The aggregate fair value of PacifiCorp's derivative contracts in liability positions with specific credit-risk-related contingent features totaled $92 million and $113 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, for which PacifiCorp had posted collateral of $54 million and $61 million, respectively, in the form of cash deposits. If all credit-risk-related contingent features for derivative contracts in liability positions had been triggered as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, PacifiCorp would have been required to post $31 million and $35 million, respectively, of additional collateral. PacifiCorp's collateral requirements could fluctuate considerably due to market price volatility, changes in credit ratings, changes in legislation or regulation, or other factors.