In May 2012, the Company granted options for the purchase of 1,000,000 shares of common stock to a consultant for distribution channel related services to be performed. Options totaling 550,000 shares have vested as of September 30, 2015 and the remaining options will vest on the date certified by the Company as the date that certain other milestones are achieved. The options have an exercise price of $0.17 per share, and are exercisable for up to five years. The Company recognized no expense in connection with these options during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014. The Company will measure and begin recognizing the remaining expense, when the achievement of the required milestones becomes probable.

In August 2013, the Company granted options for the purchase of 250,000 shares of common stock to a consultant. These options are exercisable at $0.10 per share for five years from the date of grant and are fully vested as of September 30, 2015. The Company recognized expense of $17,660 during the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as the required milestones were achieved.

On February 26, 2014, the Company granted to a new director options for the purchase of 2,000,000 shares of common stock, with an exercise price of $0.1095 per share. Of these options, 1,000,000 vested on February 26, 2015 and the remaining 1,000,000 options will vest upon the successful achievement of certain milestones. Unvested options vest immediately in the event of a change in control of the Company. The options are exercisable for five years. The grant date fair value of the options was $192,184. The Company recognized $16,017 and $56,053 of expense during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and are fully vested as of September 30, 2015. Also, the Company will recognize an expense totaling $96,092 when the achievement of the required milestones becomes probable.

On February 26, 2014, the Company granted options to six consultants and service providers for the purchase of a total of 250,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.1095 per share. Options for 200,000 shares vested immediately upon grant and options for the remaining 50,000 shares vested on January 9, 2015. The options are exercisable for five years. The grant date fair value of these options was $24,023. The Company recognized expense of $800 and $22,822 during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The options were fully vested on January 9, 2015.

On April 30, 2014, the Company granted options for the purchase of a total of 1,350,000 shares of common stock for services rendered, as follows: 250,000 shares to each of four directors of the Company, 100,000 shares to each of two consultants, and 75,000 shares each to a consultant and an employee of the Company. All options vested upon grant, have an exercise price of $0.163 per share, and are exercisable for up to five years. The total value of these options at the date of grant was $193,234, which the Company recognized as an expense during the nine months ended September 30, 2014.

On May 6, 2014, the Company granted options to a consultant for the purchase of 100,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.19 per share. Options for 50,000 shares vested immediately upon grant and options for the remaining 50,000 shares vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The options are exercisable for five years. The grant date fair value of these options was $16,684. The Company recognized expense of $8,342 each during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014.

On August 15, 2014, the Company granted options to a consultant for the purchase of 75,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.13 per share. The shares will vest when certain required milestones are achieved. The options are exercisable for five years. The grant date fair value of these options was $8,555. The Company will recognize an expense when the achievement of the required milestones becomes probable.

On August 15, 2014, the Company granted options for services rendered to a director of the Company for the purchase of 1,000,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.13 per share. These options vested immediately upon grant. The Company recognized expense of $114,069 during the nine months ended September 30, 2014, which was the grant date fair value of these options.

On October 7, 2014, the Company granted to a new board member options for the purchase of 1,000,000 shares of common stock, with an exercise price of $0.16 per share. These options vested on October 7, 2015. Unvested options vest immediately in the event of a change in control of the Company. The options are exercisable for five years from the date of grant. The grant date fair value of the options was $140,178. The Company recognized $105,133 of expense in connection with these options during the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

On December 4, 2014, the Company granted options to four consultants for the purchase of a total of 140,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.11 per share. These options have vested as of September 30, 2015. The options have an exercise price of $0.11 per share, and are exercisable for up to five years from the date of grant. The Company recognized $13,462 of expense in connection with these options during the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

In August 2015, the Company granted options for the purchase of a total of 7,150,000 shares of common stock for services rendered, as follows: 6,000,000 shares total to five directors of the Company, 650,000 shares total to four consultants, and 500,000 shares to an employee of the Company. All options vested upon grant, have an exercise price of $0.088 per share, and are exercisable for up to five years. The total value of these options at the date of grant was $541,686, which the Company recognized as an expense during the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

In August 2015, the Company granted options to a consultant for the purchase of a total of 250,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.085 per share. These options vested upon grant and are exercisable for up to five years. The total value of these options at the date of grant was $18,943, which the Company recognized as an expense during the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

The Company estimated the fair value of the stock options described in the above paragraphs at the date of the grant, based on the following weighted average assumptions:

The Company estimates the fair value of each stock option award by using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which model requires the use of exercise behavior data and the use of a number of assumptions including volatility of the Company’s stock price, the weighted average risk-free interest rate, and the weighted average expected life of the options. Because the Company does not pay dividends, the dividend rate variable in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model is zero. Expense of $722,090 and $394,520 related to stock options was recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The Company will recognize this expense as these options vest over their remaining useful lives, which range from 2 to 47 months.