M.	INCOME TAXES

The Company’s tax rate is based on income and statutory tax rates in the various jurisdictions in which the Company operates. Tax law requires certain items to be included in the Company’s tax returns at different times than the items reflected in the Company’s financial statements. As a result, the Company’s annual tax rate reflected in its financial statements is different than that reported in its tax returns. Some of these differences are permanent, such as expenses that are not deductible in the Company’s tax return, and some differences reverse over time, such as depreciation expense. These temporary differences create deferred tax assets and liabilities. The Company establishes valuation allowances for its deferred tax assets if, based on the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

The components of the Company’s income before income taxes include the following:


Year Ended December 31,	2015			2014			2013
Domestic	$	1,581.6		$	1,267.3		$	827.0
Foreign		755.5			750.3			868.0

	$	2,337.1		$	2,017.6		$	1,695.0

The components of the Company’s provision for income taxes include the following:
Year Ended December 31,	2015			2014			2013
Current provision:
Federal	$	521.8		$	482.4		$	191.4
State		61.1			59.0			20.9
Foreign		205.4			215.4			214.1

		788.3			756.8			426.4

Deferred (benefit) provision:
Federal		(57.8	)		(88.3	)		68.8
State		5.3			.3			18.4
Foreign		(2.7	)		(10.0	)		10.1

		(55.2	)		(98.0	)		97.3

	$	733.1		$	658.8		$	523.7

Tax benefits recognized for net operating loss carryforwards were $.6, $16.0 and $4.5 for the years ended 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. A reconciliation of the statutory U.S. federal tax rate to the effective income tax rate is as follows:
	2015			2014			2013
Statutory rate		35.0	%		35.0	%		35.0	%
Effect of:
State		2.1			2.0			1.3
Federal domestic production deduction		(1.8	)		(1.8	)		(.9	)
Tax on foreign earnings		(2.7	)		(1.6	)		(3.8	)
Other, net		(1.2	)		(.9	)		(.7	)

		31.4	%		32.7	%		30.9	%

The Company has not provided a deferred tax liability for the temporary differences of approximately $4,100.0 related to the investments in foreign subsidiaries that are considered to be indefinitely reinvested. The amount of the deferred tax liability would be approximately $300.0 as of December 31, 2015.

Included in domestic taxable income for 2015, 2014 and 2013 are $249.7, $249.0 and $241.7 of foreign earnings, respectively, which are not indefinitely reinvested, for which domestic taxes of $12.2, $18.6 and $19.5, respectively, were provided to account for the difference between the domestic and foreign tax rate on those earnings.

At December 31, 2015, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards of $397.0, of which $186.3 related to foreign subsidiaries and $210.7 related to states in the U.S. The related deferred tax asset was $62.7, for which a $30.7 valuation allowance has been provided. The carryforward periods range from five years to indefinite, subject to certain limitations under applicable laws. The future tax benefits of net operating loss carryforwards are evaluated on a regular basis, including a review of historical and projected operating results.

The tax effects of temporary differences representing deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:


At December 31,				2015			2014
Assets:
Accrued expenses				$	240.7		$	215.9
Net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards					63.6			67.2
Postretirement benefit plans					44.9			43.3
Allowance for losses on receivables					41.9			43.0
Other					112.5			112.1

					503.6			481.5
Valuation allowance					(32.9	)		(30.3	)

					470.7			451.2
Liabilities:
Financial Services leasing depreciation					(810.4	)		(817.2	)
Depreciation and amortization					(277.9	)		(289.2	)
Other					(29.2	)		(33.5	)

					(1,117.5	)		(1,139.9	)

Net deferred tax liability				$	(646.8	)	$	(688.7	)


The balance sheet classification of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
At December 31,				2015			2014
Truck, Parts and Other:
Other current assets							$	134.8
Other noncurrent assets, net				$	135.7			16.0
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other								(.9	)
Other liabilities					(25.0	)		(87.2	)
Financial Services:
Other assets					44.9			75.0
Deferred taxes and other liabilities					(802.4	)		(826.4	)

Net deferred tax liability				$	(646.8	)	$	(688.7	)


The Company adopted ASU 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes, on a prospective basis, effective December 31, 2015. As a result, all deferred income tax assets and liabilities are classified as noncurrent on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2015. Cash paid for income taxes was $879.7, $689.9 and $434.0 in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
	2015			2014			2013
Balance at January 1	$	12.0		$	13.1		$	23.4
Additions for tax positions related to the current year		10.3			.9			1.0
Additions for tax positions related to prior years					.1			.3
Reductions for tax positions related to prior years		(2.0	)		(.9	)		(.7	)
Reductions related to settlements								(9.7	)
Lapse of statute of limitations		(1.2	)		(1.2	)		(1.2	)

Balance at December 31	$	19.1		$	12.0		$	13.1

The Company had $19.1, $12.0 and $13.1 of unrecognized tax benefits, of which $9.9, $1.1 and $1.5 would impact the effective tax rate, if recognized, as of December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

The Company recognized $1.9, $.8 and $1.1 of income related to interest in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Accrued interest expense and penalties were $2.8, $4.7 and $5.5 as of December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Interest and penalties are classified as income taxes in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

The Company believes it is reasonably possible that approximately $7 of unrecognized tax benefits, resulting primarily from intercompany transactions, will be resolved within the next twelve months from Competent Authority negotiations between tax authorities of two jurisdictions; the Company does not expect the net impact of these negotiations will be material to its effective tax rate. As of December 31, 2015, the United States Internal Revenue Service has completed examinations of the Company’s tax returns for all years through 2010. The Company’s tax returns for other major jurisdictions remain subject to examination for the years ranging from 2005 through 2015.