D. FINANCE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES

Finance and other receivables include the following:
At December 31,	2015			2014
Loans	$	4,011.7		$	3,968.5
Direct financing leases		2,719.5			2,752.8
Sales-type finance leases		969.8			972.8
Dealer wholesale financing		1,950.1			1,755.8
Operating lease receivables and other		131.9			99.5
Unearned interest: Finance leases		(364.6	)		(384.8	)

	$	9,418.4		$	9,164.6
Less allowance for losses:
Loans and leases		(99.2	)		(105.5	)
Dealer wholesale financing		(7.3	)		(9.0	)
Operating lease receivables and other		(8.3	)		(7.5	)

	$	9,303.6		$	9,042.6

The net activity of sales-type finance leases, dealer direct loans and dealer wholesale financing on new trucks is shown in the operating section of the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows since those receivables finance the sale of Company inventory.

Annual minimum payments due on finance receivables are as follows:


Beginning January 1, 2016										LOANS			FINANCE LEASES
2016										$	1,238.4		$	1,083.3
2017											1,049.7			883.7
2018											806.5			672.3
2019											544.3			465.4
2020											331.7			261.9
Thereafter											41.1			112.9

										$	4,011.7		$	3,479.5

Estimated residual values included with finance leases amounted to $209.8 in 2015 and $204.0 in 2014. Experience indicates substantially all of dealer wholesale financing will be repaid within one year. In addition, repayment experience indicates that some loans, leases and other finance receivables will be paid prior to contract maturity, while others may be extended or modified. For the following credit quality disclosures, finance receivables are classified into two portfolio segments, wholesale and retail. The retail portfolio is further segmented into dealer retail and customer retail. The dealer wholesale segment consists of truck inventory financing to PACCAR dealers. The dealer retail segment consists of loans and leases to participating dealers and franchises that use the proceeds to fund customers’ acquisition of commercial vehicles and related equipment. The customer retail segment consists of loans and leases directly to customers for the acquisition of commercial vehicles and related equipment. Customer retail receivables are further segregated between fleet and owner/operator classes. The fleet class consists of customer retail accounts operating more than five trucks. All other customer retail accounts are considered owner/operator. These two classes have similar measurement attributes, risk characteristics and common methods to monitor and assess credit risk. Allowance for Credit Losses: The allowance for credit losses is summarized as follows:

	2015
	DEALER						CUSTOMER
	WHOLESALE			RETAIL			RETAIL			OTHER*			TOTAL
Balance at January 1	$	9.0		$	11.9		$	93.6		$	7.5		$	122.0
Provision for losses		(.8	)		(1.4	)		11.6			3.0			12.4
Charge-offs		(.3	)					(13.6	)		(3.2	)		(17.1	)
Recoveries								3.5			.5			4.0
Currency translation and other		(.6	)		(.2	)		(6.2	)		.5			(6.5	)

Balance at December 31	$	7.3		$	10.3		$	88.9		$	8.3		$	114.8


	2014
	DEALER						CUSTOMER RETAIL			OTHER*			TOTAL
	WHOLESALE			RETAIL			CUSTOMER RETAIL			OTHER*			TOTAL
Balance at January 1	$	10.4		$	13.4		$	97.5		$	8.0		$	129.3
Provision for losses		.3			(1.4	)		14.8			1.7			15.4
Charge-offs		(.9	)					(18.2	)		(2.2	)		(21.3	)
Recoveries								4.6			.7			5.3
Currency translation and other		(.8	)		(.1	)		(5.1	)		(.7	)		(6.7	)

Balance at December 31	$	9.0		$	11.9		$	93.6		$	7.5		$	122.0

*	Operating lease and other trade receivables.


	2013
	DEALER						CUSTOMER RETAIL
	WHOLESALE			RETAIL			CUSTOMER RETAIL			OTHER*			TOTAL
Balance at January 1	$	11.8		$	13.4		$	99.2		$	5.6		$	130.0
Provision for losses		(.9	)		.2			9.8			3.8			12.9
Charge-offs		(.5	)					(21.2	)		(2.8	)		(24.5	)
Recoveries								9.9			1.0			10.9
Currency translation and other					(.2	)		(.2	)		.4

Balance at December 31	$	10.4		$	13.4		$	97.5		$	8.0		$	129.3

* Operating lease and other trade receivables. Information regarding finance receivables evaluated and determined individually and collectively is as follows:

				DEALER						CUSTOMER RETAIL
*At December 31, 2015*				WHOLESALE			RETAIL			CUSTOMER RETAIL			TOTAL
Recorded investment for impaired finance receivables evaluated individually				$	5.0					$	64.0		$	69.0
Allowance for impaired finance receivables determined individually					.3						6.5			6.8
Recorded investment for finance receivables evaluated collectively					1,945.1		$	1,561.3			5,711.1			9,217.5
Allowance for finance receivables determined collectively					7.0			10.3			82.4			99.7

				DEALER						CUSTOMER RETAIL
At December 31, 2014				WHOLESALE			RETAIL			CUSTOMER RETAIL			TOTAL
Recorded investment for impaired finance receivables evaluated individually				$	4.9					$	43.7		$	48.6
Allowance for impaired finance receivables determined individually					.5						4.6			5.1
Recorded investment for finance receivables evaluated collectively					1,750.9		$	1,606.5			5,659.1			9,016.5
Allowance for finance receivables determined collectively					8.5			11.9			89.0			109.4
The recorded investment for finance receivables that are on non-accrual status is as follows:
At December 31,										2015			2014
Dealer:
Wholesale										$	5.0		$	4.9
Customer retail:
Fleet											50.7			34.4
Owner/operator											10.0			8.9

										$	65.7		$	48.2

Impaired Loans: Impaired loans are summarized below. The impaired loans with specific reserve represent the unpaid principal balance. The recorded investment of impaired loans as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 was not significantly different than the unpaid principal balance.


	DEALER				CUSTOMER RETAIL
*At December 31, 2015*	WHOLESALE			RETAIL	FLEET			OWNER/ OPERATOR			TOTAL
Impaired loans with a specific reserve	$	5.0			$	21.7		$	2.4		$	29.1
Associated allowance		(.3	)			(3.5	)		(.5	)		(4.3	)

	$	4.7			$	18.2		$	1.9		$	24.8
Impaired loans with no specific reserve						6.5			.3			6.8

Net carrying amount of impaired loans	$	4.7			$	24.7		$	2.2		$	31.6

Average recorded investment	$	4.4			$	26.6		$	2.5		$	33.5


	DEALER				CUSTOMER RETAIL
At December 31, 2014	WHOLESALE			RETAIL	FLEET			OWNER/ OPERATOR			TOTAL
Impaired loans with a specific reserve	$	.5			$	12.7		$	2.6		$	15.8
Associated allowance		(.5	)			(1.5	)		(.5	)		(2.5	)

					$	11.2		$	2.1		$	13.3
Impaired loans with no specific reserve		4.4				12.3						16.7

Net carrying amount of impaired loans	$	4.4			$	23.5		$	2.1		$	30.0

Average recorded investment	$	8.8			$	22.5		$	2.8		$	34.1

During the period the loans above were considered impaired, interest income recognized on a cash basis is as follows:
					2015			2014			2013
Interest income recognized:
Dealer wholesale								$	.1		$	.1
Customer retail - fleet					$	1.4			1.2			2.9
Customer retail - owner/operator						.4			.4			.9

					$	1.8		$	1.7		$	3.9

Credit Quality: The Company’s customers are principally concentrated in the transportation industry in North America, Europe and Australia. The Company’s portfolio assets are diversified over a large number of customers and dealers with no single customer or dealer balances representing over 5% of the total portfolio assets. The Company retains as collateral a security interest in the related equipment.

At the inception of each contract, the Company considers the credit risk based on a variety of credit quality factors including prior payment experience, customer financial information, credit-rating agency ratings, loan-to-value ratios and other internal metrics. On an ongoing basis, the Company monitors credit quality based on past due status and collection experience as there is a meaningful correlation between the past due status of customers and the risk of loss.

The Company has three credit quality indicators: performing, watch and at-risk. Performing accounts pay in accordance with the contractual terms and are not considered high-risk. Watch accounts include accounts 31 to 90 days past due and large accounts that are performing but are considered to be high-risk. Watch accounts are not impaired. At-risk accounts are accounts that are impaired, including TDRs, accounts over 90 days past due and other accounts on non-accrual status. The tables below summarize the Company’s finance receivables by credit quality indicator and portfolio class.


	DEALER				CUSTOMER RETAIL
*At December 31, 2015*	WHOLESALE		RETAIL		FLEET		OWNER/ OPERATOR		TOTAL
Performing	$	1,922.4	$	1,561.3	$	4,680.6	$	996.6	$	9,160.9
Watch		22.7				27.0		6.9		56.6
At-risk		5.0				53.8		10.2		69.0

	$	1,950.1	$	1,561.3	$	4,761.4	$	1,013.7	$	9,286.5


	DEALER				CUSTOMER RETAIL
At December 31, 2014	WHOLESALE		RETAIL		FLEET		OWNER/ OPERATOR		TOTAL
Performing	$	1,739.5	$	1,606.4	$	4,430.9	$	1,193.9	$	8,970.7
Watch		11.4		.1		21.8		12.5		45.8
At-risk		4.9				34.8		8.9		48.6

	$	1,755.8	$	1,606.5	$	4,487.5	$	1,215.3	$	9,065.1

The tables below summarize the Company’s finance receivables by aging category. In determining past due status, the Company considers the entire contractual account balance past due when any installment is over 30 days past due. Substantially all customer accounts that were greater than 30 days past due prior to credit modification became current upon modification for aging purposes.


	DEALER				CUSTOMER RETAIL
*At December 31, 2015*	WHOLESALE		RETAIL		FLEET		OWNER/ OPERATOR		TOTAL
Current and up to 30 days past due	$	1,949.8	$	1,561.3	$	4,733.6	$	1,002.7	$	9,247.4
31 – 60 days past due						8.3		5.4		13.7
Greater than 60 days past due		.3				19.5		5.6		25.4

	$	1,950.1	$	1,561.3	$	4,761.4	$	1,013.7	$	9,286.5


	DEALER				CUSTOMER RETAIL
At December 31, 2014	WHOLESALE		RETAIL		FLEET		OWNER/ OPERATOR		TOTAL
Current and up to 30 days past due	$	1,752.9	$	1,606.5	$	4,464.4	$	1,200.0	$	9,023.8
31 – 60 days past due		.6				10.6		6.9		18.1
Greater than 60 days past due		2.3				12.5		8.4		23.2

	$	1,755.8	$	1,606.5	$	4,487.5	$	1,215.3	$	9,065.1

Troubled Debt Restructurings: The balance of TDRs was $52.3 and $36.0 at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. At modification date, the pre-modification and post-modification recorded investment balances for finance receivables modified during the period by portfolio class are as follows:


	2015				2014
	RECORDED INVESTMENT				RECORDED INVESTMENT
	PRE-MODIFICATION		POST-MODIFICATION		PRE-MODIFICATION		POST-MODIFICATION
Fleet	$	38.3	$	37.9	$	24.4	$	24.1
Owner/operator		6.5		6.5		2.3		2.3

	$	44.8	$	44.4	$	26.7	$	26.4

The effect on the allowance for credit losses from such modifications was not significant at December 31, 2015 and 2014.

TDRs modified during the previous twelve months that subsequently defaulted (i.e., became more than 30 days past due) in the year ended by portfolio class are as follows:


	2015		2014
Fleet	$	6.7	$	.7
Owner/operator		.4		.2

	$	7.1	$	.9


The TDRs that subsequently defaulted did not significantly impact the Company’s allowance for credit losses at December 31, 2015 and 2014. Repossessions: When the Company determines a customer is not likely to meet its contractual commitments, the Company repossesses the vehicles which serve as collateral for the loans, finance leases and equipment under operating leases. The Company records the vehicles as used truck inventory included in Financial Services other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The balance of repossessed inventory at December 31, 2015 and 2014 was $14.6 and $19.0, respectively. Proceeds from the sales of repossessed assets were $48.0, $58.5 and $63.2 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. These amounts are included in proceeds from asset disposals in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Write-downs of repossessed equipment on operating leases are recorded as impairments and included in Financial Services depreciation and other expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income.