
	2020		2019		2018
Current:
Federal	$	5,085	$	3,887	$	(12,345)
State	7,114		(69)		20,141
International	130,883		134,808		178,767
	$	143,082	$	138,626	$	186,563
Deferred:
Federal	$	13,496	$	(54,356)	$	19,207
State	4,603		(2,710)		312
International	11,614		6,778		(18,283)
	29,713		(50,288)		1,236
	$	172,795	$	88,338	$	187,799


	2020		2019		2018
United States	$	104,637	$	(557,592)	$	186,677
International	654,622		445,762		722,696
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	759,259	$	(111,830)	$	909,373

Provision (benefit) at statutory tax rate	$	159,444	$	(23,484)	$	190,968
State taxes (benefit), net of federal benefit	10,218		(2,051)		16,166
International effective tax rate differential	3,112		17,474		7,480
U.S. tax on foreign earnings	5,316		26,013		—
Tax expense (benefit) on wind down of business (a)	1,937		(11,311)		—
Capital loss	—		—		(60,757)
Change in valuation allowance	2,906		1,305		66,557
Other non-deductible expenses	2,600		1,585		14,128
Changes in tax accruals	3,089		10,418		(3,968)
Tax credits	(16,075)		(3,034)		(7,884)
Non-deductible portion of impairment of goodwill	—		75,900		—
Tax Act's transition tax (b)	—		—		(28,323)
Other	248		(4,477)		(6,568)
Provision for income taxes	$	172,795	$	88,338	$	187,799

(a)The wind down of the company’s personal computer and mobility asset disposition business resulted in net tax expense (benefit) of $1,937 and $(11,311) during 2020 and 2019, respectively.

With the effective date of January 1, 2018, the Tax Act introduced a provision to tax global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) of foreign subsidiaries. The company generated federal GILTI tax in the amount of $233 and $31,042 during 2020 and 2019, respectively. The 2019 GILTI tax was adversely affected by losses from the wind down of the personal computer and mobility asset disposition business. The company elected to account for GILTI tax as a current period cost.

As of December 31, 2020, a long-term tax payable of $30,857 was recorded in "other liabilities" in the consolidated balance sheets related to the Tax Act's one-time transition tax on the foreign subsidiaries' accumulated, unremitted earnings.

At December 31, 2020, the company had a liability for unrecognized tax position of $62,203. The timing of the resolution of these uncertain tax positions is dependent on the tax authorities' income tax examination processes. Material changes are not expected, however, it is possible that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits with respect to uncertain tax positions could increase or decrease during 2021. Currently, the company is unable to make a reasonable estimate of when tax cash settlement would occur and how it would impact the effective tax rate.


	2020		2019		2018
Balance at beginning of year	$	52,986	$	35,879	$	24,361
Additions based on tax positions taken during a prior period	8,574		13,018		583
Reductions based on tax positions taken during a prior period	(1,749)		(86)		(1,248)
Additions related to positions taken upon finalization of Tax Act during the current period	—		—		16,506
Additions based on tax positions taken during the current period	5,174		8,926		3,133
Reductions based on tax positions taken during the current period	(831)		(259)		(233)
Reductions related to settlement of tax matters	(538)		—		(136)
Reductions related to a lapse of applicable statute of limitations	(1,413)		(4,492)		(7,087)
Balance at end of year	$	62,203	$	52,986	$	35,879

Interest costs related to unrecognized tax benefits are classified as a component of “Interest and other financing expense, net” in the company's consolidated statements of operations. In 2020, 2019, and 2018, the company recognized $1,862, $1,469, and $945, respectively, of interest expense related to unrecognized tax benefits. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the company had accrued a liability of $8,100 and $5,639, respectively, for the payment of interest related to unrecognized tax benefits.

In many cases the company's uncertain tax positions are related to tax years that remain subject to examination by tax authorities. The following describes the open tax years, by major tax jurisdiction, as of December 31, 2020:


United States - Federal						2016 - present
United States - States						2013 - present
Germany (a)						2013 - present
Hong Kong						2013 - present
Italy (a)						2013 - present
Sweden						2014 - present
United Kingdom						2016 - present

Deferred income taxes are provided for the effects of temporary differences between the tax basis of an asset or liability and its reported amount in the consolidated balance sheets. These temporary differences result in taxable or deductible amounts in future years.


	2020		2019
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$	90,179	$	96,605
Capital loss carryforwards	56,854		57,031
Inventory adjustments	58,088		54,500
Allowance for doubtful accounts	20,134		12,797
Accrued expenses	34,196		27,998
Interest carryforward	13,265		13,059
Stock-based compensation awards	8,972		11,006


Lease liability	83,698		74,935
Intangible assets	—		4,266
Other	4,659		15,685
	370,045		367,882
Valuation allowance	(83,942)		(81,037)
Total deferred tax assets	$	286,103	$	286,845

Deferred tax liabilities:
Goodwill	$	(122,129)	$	(109,131)
Depreciation	(113,587)		(115,459)
Intangible assets	(12,470)		—
Lease right-of-use assets	(75,968)		(69,491)


Total deferred tax liabilities	$	(324,154)	$	(294,081)
Total net deferred tax assets (liabilities)	$	(38,051)	$	(7,236)

At December 31, 2020, the company had international tax loss carryforwards of approximately $350,067, of which $26,210 have expiration dates ranging from 2021 to 2040, and the remaining $323,857 have no expiration date. Deferred tax assets related to these international tax loss carryforwards were $80,768 with a corresponding valuation allowance of $9,111. At December 31, 2020, the company had a valuation allowance of $4,004 related to other deferred tax assets.

At December 31, 2020, the company also had deferred tax assets of $313 related to U.S. Federal net operating loss carryforwards from acquired subsidiaries. These U.S. Federal net operating losses expire in various years beginning after 2028. Additionally, as of December 31, 2020, the company had deferred tax assets of approximately $9,098 with a corresponding valuation allowance of $6,678, related to U.S. state net operating loss carryforwards. Valuation allowances are needed when deferred tax assets may not be realized due to the uncertainty of the timing and the ability of the company to generate sufficient future taxable income in certain tax jurisdictions.

To achieve greater cash management agility and to further advance business objectives, during the fourth quarter of 2019, the company reversed its assertion to indefinitely reinvest a certain portion of its foreign earnings, of which approximately $2,400,000 are still available for distribution in future periods as of December 31, 2020, after distributions of $349,000 and $761,000 during 2020 and 2019, respectively. The company continues to indefinitely reinvest the residual $1,600,000 of undistributed earnings of its foreign subsidiaries and recognizes that it may be subject to additional foreign withholding taxes and U.S. state income taxes, if it reverses its indefinite reinvestment assertion on these foreign earnings.