Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Jan. 28, 2023

Basis of Presentation

Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Note 1. Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Description of Business

We are a leading branded apparel company that designs, sources, markets and distributes products bearing the trademarks of our Tommy Bahama®, Lilly Pulitzer®, Johnny Was®, Southern Tide®, The Beaufort Bonnet Company® and Duck Head® lifestyle brands. We distribute our products through our direct to consumer channels, consisting of our brand specific full-price retail stores, e-commerce websites and outlet stores, and our wholesale distribution channel, which includes sales to various specialty stores, Signature Stores, better department stores, multi-branded e-commerce websites and other retailers. Additionally, we operate Tommy Bahama food and beverage locations, including Marlin Bars and full-service restaurants, generally adjacent to a Tommy Bahama full-price retail store.

On September 19, 2022, we acquired the Johnny Was lifestyle apparel brand and its related assets and operations, which is discussed in further detail in Note 12. Also, in Fiscal 2021, we exited our Lanier Apparel business, as discussed in Note 11. Additionally, refer to Note 2 for certain financial information about the Johnny Was and Lanier Apparel operating groups.

Recent Macroeconomic Conditions

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant effect on overall economic conditions and our operations in recent years and accelerated or exacerbated many of the changes in the industry. In Fiscal 2021, the economic environment improved significantly with a rebound in retail traffic starting in March 2021 and other improvements as the year progressed, although certain stores were closed for portions of Fiscal 2021, particularly in the First Quarter of Fiscal 2021. This exceptionally strong consumer demand, along with the strength of our brands, resulted in record earnings for us during both Fiscal 2021 and Fiscal 2022. The strong earnings in recent periods are despite certain challenges in the retail apparel market, including labor shortages, supply chain disruptions and product and operating cost increases in Fiscal 2021 and Fiscal 2022. We, as well as others in our industry, have increased prices to attempt to offset inflationary pressures.

Further, negative economic conditions often have a longer and more severe impact on the apparel industry than on other industries due, in part, to apparel purchases often being more of a discretionary purchase. The current macroenvironment, with heightened concerns about inflation, a global economic recession, geopolitical issues, the stability of the U.S. banking system, the availability and cost of credit and continued increases in interest rates, is creating a complex and challenging retail environment, which may impact our businesses and exacerbate some of the inherent challenges to our operations. There remains significant uncertainty in the macroeconomic environment, and the impact of these and other factors could have a major effect on our businesses.

Fiscal Year

We operate and report on a 52/53-week fiscal year. Our fiscal year ends on the Saturday closest to January 31 and is designated by the calendar year in which the fiscal year commences. As used in our consolidated financial statements, the terms Fiscal 2020, Fiscal 2021, Fiscal 2022 and Fiscal 2023 reflect the 52 weeks ended January 30, 2021; 52 weeks ended January 29, 2022; 52 weeks ended January 28, 2023; and 53 weeks ending February 3, 2024, respectively.

Principles of Consolidation

Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Oxford Industries, Inc. and any other entities in which we have a controlling financial interest, including our wholly-owned domestic and foreign subsidiaries, or variable interest entities for which we are the primary beneficiary, if any. Generally, we consolidate businesses in which

we have a controlling financial interest which may be evidenced through ownership of a majority voting interest or other rights which might indicate that we are the primary beneficiary of the entity. The primary beneficiary has both the power to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the entity. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.

Business Combinations

The cost of each acquired business is allocated to the individual tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed or incurred as a result of an acquisition based on their estimated fair values pursuant to the acquisition method of accounting. The assessment of the estimated fair values of assets and liabilities acquired requires us to make certain assumptions regarding the use of the acquired assets, anticipated cash flows, probabilities of cash flows, discount rates and other factors, many of which involve a significant amount of uncertainty. Additionally, the definition of fair value of inventories acquired as part of a business combination generally will equal the expected sales price less certain costs associated with selling the inventory, which may exceed the actual cost of the acquired inventories, resulting in an inventory step-up to fair value at acquisition, which would be recognized in our consolidated statements of operations as the acquired inventory is sold.

Our estimates of the purchase price allocation of a business combination may be revised during a measurement period as necessary when, and if, information becomes available to revise the fair values of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. Actual fair values ultimately assigned to the acquired assets and liabilities when final information is available may materially differ from our preliminary estimates during the measurement period. The allocation period may not exceed one year from the date of the acquisition. Should information become available after the allocation period indicating that an adjustment to the purchase price allocation is appropriate, that adjustment will be included in our consolidated statements of operations. The results of operations of acquired businesses are included in our consolidated statements of operations from the respective dates of the acquisitions. Transaction costs related to business combinations are included in SG&A in our consolidated statements of operations as incurred.

Refer to Note 12 for information related to the Fiscal 2022 acquisition of Johnny Was, including disclosures about the allocation of the preliminary purchase price to the estimated fair values of the acquired assets and liabilities.

Revenue Recognition and Receivables

Our revenue consists of direct to consumer sales, including our retail store, e-commerce and food and beverage operations, and wholesale sales, as well as royalty income, which is included in royalties and other income in our consolidated statements of operations. Revenue is recognized at an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be received for those goods and services pursuant to a five-step approach: (1) identify the contracts with the customer; (2) identify the separate performance obligations in the contracts; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to separate performance obligations; and (5) recognize revenue when, or as, each performance obligation is satisfied. The table below quantifies the amount of net sales by distribution channel (in thousands) for each period presented.

	Fiscal		Fiscal		Fiscal
	2022		2021		2020
Retail	$	552,696	$	443,015	$	202,071
E-commerce		465,446		369,300		323,900
Food & beverage		109,225		96,244		48,428
Wholesale		281,938		231,536		173,209
Other		2,223		1,984		1,225
Net sales	$	1,411,528	$	1,142,079	$	748,833

We recognize revenue when performance obligations under the terms of the contracts with our customers are satisfied, which generally occurs when we deliver our products to our direct to consumer and wholesale customers. Control of the product is generally transferred upon providing the product to consumers in our bricks and mortar retail stores and food and beverage locations, upon physical delivery of the products to consumers in our e-commerce operations and upon shipment from our distribution center to customers in our wholesale operations. Once control is transferred to the customer, we have completed our performance obligations related to the contract and have an unconditional right to consideration for the products sold as outlined in the contract. Our receivables resulting from contracts with customers in our direct to consumer operations are generally collected within a few days, upon settlement of the credit card transaction, while our receivables resulting from contracts with our customers in our wholesale operations are generally due within one quarter, in accordance with established credit terms. All of our performance obligations under the terms of our contracts with customers in our direct to consumer and wholesale operations have an expected original duration of one year or less. We only recognize revenue to the extent that it is probable that we will not have a significant reversal of revenue in a future period. Our revenue, including any freight income, is recognized net of applicable taxes in our consolidated statements of operations.

In our direct to consumer operations, consumers have certain rights to return product within a specified period and are eligible for certain point of sale discounts; thus retail store, e-commerce and food and beverage revenues are recorded net of estimated returns and discounts, as applicable. The sales return allowance is based on historical direct to consumer return rates and current trends and is recognized on a gross basis as a return liability for the amount of sales estimated to be returned and a return asset for the right to recover the product estimated to be returned by the customer. The value of inventory associated with a right to recover the goods returned in our direct to consumer operations is included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in our consolidated balance sheets. The changes in the return liability are recognized in net sales and the changes in the return asset are recognized in cost of goods sold in our consolidated statements of operations. An estimated sales return liability of $12 million and $11 million for expected direct to consumer returns is classified in accrued expenses and other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheet as of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022, respectively.

In the ordinary course of our wholesale operations, we offer discounts, allowances and cooperative advertising support to some of our wholesale customers for certain products. Some of these arrangements are written agreements, while others may be implied by customary practices or expectations in the industry. As certain allowances, other deductions and returns are not finalized until the end of a season, program or other event which may not have occurred yet, we estimate such discounts, allowances and returns on an ongoing basis to estimate the consideration from the customer that we expect to ultimately receive. Significant considerations in determining our estimates for discounts, allowances, operational chargebacks and returns for wholesale customers may include historical and current trends, agreements with customers, projected seasonal or program results, an evaluation of current economic conditions, specific program or product expectations and retailer performance. We record the discounts, returns, allowances and operational chargebacks as a reduction to net sales in our consolidated statements of operations and as a reduction to receivables, net in our consolidated balance sheets, with the estimated value of inventory expected to be returned in prepaid expenses and other current assets in our consolidated balance sheets. As of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022, reserve balances recorded as a reduction to wholesale receivables related to these items were $4 million and $3 million, respectively.

We extend credit to certain wholesale customers based on an evaluation of the customer’s financial capacity and condition, usually without requiring collateral. In circumstances where we become aware of a specific wholesale customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations, a specific provision for credit losses is taken as a reduction to accounts receivable to reduce the net recognized receivable to the amount reasonably expected to be collected. Such amounts are ultimately written off at the time that the amounts are not considered collectible. For our wholesale customer receivable amounts not specifically provided for, we recognize estimated provisions for credit losses, using the current expected loss model based on our historical collection experience, the financial condition of our customers, an evaluation of current economic conditions, anticipated trends and the risk characteristics of the receivables. Provisions for credit loss expense, which is included in SG&A in our consolidated statements of operations, for Fiscal 2022, Fiscal 2021 and Fiscal 2020 were a credit of less than $1 million, a credit of $1 million and a charge of $4 million, respectively,

while write-offs of credit losses for Fiscal 2022, Fiscal 2021 and Fiscal 2020 were less than $1 million, less than $1 million and $2 million, respectively. As of both January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022, receivables, net in our consolidated balance sheet included a provision for credit losses related to trade receivables of $1 million.

In addition to trade receivables, tenant allowances due from landlord of $2 million and $1 million are included in receivables, net in our consolidated balance sheet, as of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022, respectively. Substantially all other amounts recognized in receivables, net represent trade receivables related to contracts with customers, including receivables from wholesale customers, credit card receivables related to our direct to consumer operations, and receivables from licensing partners. As of both January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022, prepaid expenses and other current assets included $4 million representing the estimated value of inventory for expected direct to consumer and wholesale sales returns in the aggregate. We did not have any significant contract assets related to contracts with customers, other than trade receivables and the value of inventory associated with expected sales returns, as of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022.

In addition to our estimated expected return amounts, contract liabilities related to contracts with our customers include gift cards and merchandise credits issued by us as well as unredeemed loyalty program award points. Gift cards and merchandise credits issued by us are redeemable on demand by the holder, do not have an expiration date and do not incur administrative fees. Historically, substantially all gift cards and merchandise credits are redeemed within one year of issuance. Gift cards and merchandise credits are recorded as a liability until our performance obligation is satisfied, which occurs when redeemed by the consumer, at which point revenue is recognized. However, we recognize estimated breakage income for certain gift cards and merchandise credits using the redemption recognition method, subject to applicable laws in certain states. Contract liabilities for gift cards purchased by consumers and merchandise credits received by customers but not yet redeemed, less any breakage income recognized to date, is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets and totaled $19 million and $16 million as of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022, respectively. Gift card breakage income, which is included in net sales in our consolidated statements of operations, was $1 million in each of Fiscal 2022, Fiscal 2021 and Fiscal 2020.

In Fiscal 2021, each of our brands in our Emerging Brands operating group initiated brand specific loyalty award programs. These programs allow consumers to earn loyalty points associated with the brand. These programs are primarily spend-based loyalty programs, with varying terms and conditions for each respective brand’s program. The consumer earns points which, depending on the program, allows the consumer to (1) achieve a specified status with the brand, which provides the consumer with benefits, such as early access to events, free shipping or other benefits, for a specified period, and/or (2) earn a monetary reward by accumulating loyalty points that can be redeemed in association with future purchases from the brand. As loyalty points are earned, we defer revenue, based on the estimated fair value of the loyalty points, with a corresponding liability in accrued expenses and other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets. The loyalty points liability is generally recognized as revenue when the loyalty points are redeemed or expire. Deferred revenue associated with the loyalty programs totaled $1 million as of both January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022.

Royalties from the license of our owned brands are recognized over the time that licensees are provided access to utilize our trademarks (i.e. symbolic intellectual property) and benefit from such access through their sales of licensed products. Payments are generally due quarterly, and depending on time of receipt, may be recorded as a liability until recognized as revenue. Royalty income is based upon the contractually guaranteed minimum royalty obligations and adjusted as sales data, or estimates thereof, is received from licensees, when the related royalties based on a percentage of the licensee’s sales exceed the contractually determined minimum royalty amount. Royalty income, which is included in royalties and other operating income in our consolidated statements of operations, were $22 million, $18 million and $14 million during Fiscal 2022, Fiscal 2021 and Fiscal 2020, respectively.

Cost of Goods Sold

We include in cost of goods sold (1) the cost paid to the suppliers for the acquired product, (2) sourcing, procurement and other costs incurred prior to or in association with the receipt of finished goods at our distribution facilities, and (3) freight from our distribution facilities to our own retail stores, e-commerce consumers and wholesale customers. The costs prior to receipt at our distribution facilities include inbound freight charges, duties and other import costs, brokers’ fees, consolidators’ fees, insurance, direct labor, and depreciation expense associated with our sourcing operations. We generally classify amounts billed to customers for freight in net sales and classify freight costs for shipments to customers in cost of goods sold in our consolidated statements of operations.

Our gross profit and gross margin may not be directly comparable to those of our competitors, as statement of operations classifications of certain expenses may vary by company.

SG&A

We include in SG&A costs incurred subsequent to the receipt of finished goods at our distribution facilities, such as the cost of inspection, stocking, warehousing, picking and packing, and costs associated with the operations of our e-commerce sites, retail stores, food and beverage locations and concessions, such as labor, lease commitments and other occupancy costs, direct to consumer location pre-opening costs (including rent, marketing, store set-up costs and training expenses), depreciation and other amounts. SG&A also includes product design costs, selling costs, royalty expense, provision for credit losses, advertising, promotion and marketing expenses, professional fees, supplies, travel, other general and administrative expenses, our corporate overhead costs and amortization of intangible assets.

Distribution network costs, including costs associated with preparing goods to ship to customers and our costs to operate our distribution facilities, are included as a component of SG&A. We consider distribution network costs to be the costs associated with operating our distribution centers, as well as the costs paid to third parties who perform those services for us. In Fiscal 2022, Fiscal 2021 and Fiscal 2020, distribution network costs included in SG&A totaled $36 million, $28 million and $26 million, respectively.

All costs associated with advertising, promotion and marketing of our products are expensed in SG&A during the period when the advertisement is first shown. Costs associated with cooperative advertising programs under which we agree to make general contributions to our wholesale customers’ advertising and promotional funds are generally recorded as a reduction to net sales. Advertising, promotion and marketing expenses, excluding employment costs for our advertising and marketing employees, for Fiscal 2022, Fiscal 2021 and Fiscal 2020 were $82 million, $60 million and $50 million, respectively. Prepaid advertising, promotion and marketing expenses included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in our consolidated balance sheets as of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022 were $6 million and $4 million, respectively.

Royalty expense related to our license of third party brands, which are generally based on the greater of a percentage of our actual net sales for the licensed product or a contractually determined minimum royalty amount, are recorded based upon any guaranteed minimum levels and adjusted based on our net sales of the licensed products, as appropriate. Royalty expenses recognized as SG&A in Fiscal 2022, Fiscal 2021 and Fiscal 2020 were $4 million, $6 million and $6 million, respectively. As of January 28, 2023, we do not have any royalty agreements with material guaranteed minimum royalty amounts for future periods as future royalty amounts are generally dependent on our future sales of the specified licensed products.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider cash equivalents to be investments with original maturities of three months or less for purposes of our consolidated statements of cash flows. As of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022, our cash and cash equivalents included $1 million and $37 million, respectively, of money market fund investments.

Supplemental Cash Flow Information

During Fiscal 2022, Fiscal 2021 and Fiscal 2020, cash paid for income taxes was $56 million, $34 million and $6 million, respectively. During Fiscal 2022, Fiscal 2021 and Fiscal 2020, cash paid for interest, net of interest income was $3 million, $1 million and $2 million, respectively. Non-cash investing activities included capital expenditures incurred but not yet paid at period end, which were included in accounts payable in our consolidated balances sheets, of $3 million, $3 million and $1 million as of Fiscal 2022, Fiscal 2021 and Fiscal 2020, respectively. Additionally, during Fiscal 2022, Fiscal 2021 and Fiscal 2020, we recorded a non-cash net increase in operating lease assets and corresponding operating lease liability amounts of $47 million, $18 million and $2 million, respectively, related to the net impact of new, modified and terminated operating lease amounts, excluding any operating lease amounts recognized in the opening balance sheet of an acquired business.

Short-Term Investments

As of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022, we had $0 million and $165 million, respectively, of short-term investments on our consolidated balance sheet, generally consisting of highly liquid corporate and U.S. Treasury securities, which were expected to be liquidated within one year. We classify these short-term investments as trading securities, and accordingly, the investments are recorded at fair value, based on Level 1 measurements, with the gains or losses recognized in our consolidated statements of operations in royalties and other income.

Inventories, net

Substantially all of our inventories are finished goods inventories of apparel, accessories and other related products. Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market.

For operating group reporting, inventory is carried at the lower of FIFO cost or market. We evaluate the composition of our inventories for identification of distressed inventory at least quarterly. In performing this evaluation, we consider slow-turning products, an indication of lack of consumer acceptance of particular products, prior-seasons’ fashion products, broken assortments, discontinued products and current levels of replenishment program products as compared to expected sales. We estimate the amount of goods that we will not be able to sell in the normal course of business and write down the value of these goods as necessary based on various assumptions about the amounts we ultimately expect to realize for the inventories. Also, we provide an allowance for shrinkage, as appropriate, for the period between the last physical inventory count and each balance sheet date.

For consolidated financial reporting, as of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022, $204 million, or 93%, and $103 million, or 88%, respectively, of our inventories were valued at the lower of LIFO cost or market after deducting our LIFO accounting reserve. The remaining $16 million and $14 million of our inventories were valued at the lower of FIFO cost or market as of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022, respectively. Generally, for consolidated financial reporting, inventories of our domestic operations are valued at the lower of LIFO cost or market, and our inventories of our international operations are valued at the lower of FIFO cost or market. Our LIFO reserves are based on the estimated Producer Price Index as published by the United States Department of Labor. We write down inventories valued at the lower of LIFO cost or market when LIFO cost exceeds market value. We deem LIFO accounting adjustments to not only include changes in the LIFO reserve, but also includes changes in markdown reserves. As our LIFO inventory pool does not correspond to our operating group definitions, LIFO inventory accounting adjustments are not allocated to our operating groups. Thus, the impact of accounting for inventories on the LIFO method is reflected in Corporate and Other for operating group reporting purposes included in Note 2.

There were no LIFO inventory layer liquidations that had a material impact on our net earnings in Fiscal 2022, Fiscal 2021 or Fiscal 2020. As of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022, the LIFO reserve included in our consolidated balance sheet was $76 million and $69 million, respectively.

Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment, including leasehold improvements that are reimbursed by landlords as a tenant improvement allowance and assets under capital leases, if any, is carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Additions are capitalized while repair and maintenance costs are charged to our consolidated statements of operations as incurred. Depreciation is calculated using both straight-line and accelerated methods generally over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:

Leasehold improvements	Lesser of remaining life of the asset or lease term
Furniture, fixtures, equipment and technology	2 – 15 years
Buildings and improvements	7 – 40 years

Property and equipment is reviewed periodically for impairment if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset group may not be recoverable, as discussed in Impairment of Long-Lived Assets, other than Goodwill and Intangible Assets with Indefinite Lives below.

Substantially all of our depreciation expense is included in SG&A in our consolidated statements of operations. Cost of goods sold includes the depreciation associated with our sourcing operations. Depreciation expense as disclosed in Note 2 includes any property and equipment impairment charges.

Intangible Assets and Goodwill

At acquisition, we estimate and record the fair value of purchased intangible assets, which primarily consist of trademarks, as well as customer relationships and reacquired rights. The fair values and useful lives of these intangible assets are estimated based on our assessment as well as independent third party appraisals in some cases. Additionally, at acquisition we must determine whether the intangible asset has an indefinite or finite life and account for it accordingly. Refer to Note 4 for additional details about intangible assets.

Goodwill is recognized as the amount by which the cost to acquire a business exceeds the fair value of identified tangible and intangible assets acquired, net of assumed liabilities. Thus, the amount of goodwill recognized in connection with a business combination depends on the fair values assigned to the individual assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Goodwill is allocated to the respective reporting unit at the time of acquisition. As of January 28, 2023, substantially all of our goodwill included in our consolidated balance sheet, including the goodwill of Johnny Was, is deductible for income tax purposes. Refer to Note 4 for additional information about our goodwill amounts.

At acquisition, as well as any subsequent impairment tests, assumptions and estimates about various items with significant uncertainty are required to determine the fair value of intangible assets and goodwill. When determining the fair value of intangible assets, including trademarks, customer relationships and other items, significant assumptions may include our planned use of the asset as well as estimates of net sales, royalty income, operating income, growth rates, royalty rates for the trademarks, a risk-adjusted, market based cost of capital for the discount rates and income tax rates, among other factors. Our fair value assessment may also consider any comparable market transactions.

Intangible assets with indefinite lives, which primarily consists of trademarks, and goodwill are not amortized but instead evaluated for impairment annually or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that the intangible asset or goodwill might be impaired. This analysis is typically similar to the analysis performed at acquisition and dependent upon a number of uncertain factors, including those used in the initial valuation at acquisition as listed above. We have the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that an indefinite-lived intangible asset or goodwill is impaired to determine whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative impairment test. We also have the option to bypass the qualitative assessment entirely for any indefinite-lived intangible asset or

goodwill in any period and proceed directly to performing the quantitative impairment test. We test, either quantitatively or qualitatively, intangible assets with an indefinite life and goodwill for impairment as of the first day of the fourth quarter of our fiscal year, or at an interim date if indicators of impairment exist at that interim date. For each impairment test of intangible assets with an indefinite life and goodwill in Fiscal 2022, Fiscal 2021 and Fiscal 2020, we bypassed the qualitative test option and instead performed a quantitative test.

If an annual or interim analysis indicates an impairment of an intangible asset with an indefinite useful life or goodwill, the amount of the impairment is recognized in our consolidated financial statements based on the amount that the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value of the asset for an intangible asset with an indefinite life or the reporting unit for goodwill. An impairment charge related to our Southern Tide intangible assets with an indefinite life totaling $18 million and goodwill of $43 million, which are included in the Emerging Brands operating group, was recognized in the First Quarter of Fiscal 2020.There were no other impairment charges during Fiscal 2022, Fiscal 2021 or Fiscal 2020.

Intangible assets with finite lives primarily consist of customer relationships, certain trademarks and reacquired rights. These assets are amortized over the estimated useful life of the asset using a method of amortization that reflects the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible asset are consumed or otherwise realized or the straight line method. Certain of our intangible assets with finite lives may be amortized over periods of up to 20 years. The determination of an appropriate useful life for amortization considers our plans for the intangible assets, the remaining contractual period of the reacquired right, and factors that may be outside of our control, including expected customer attrition. Amortization of intangible assets is included in SG&A in our consolidated statements of operations. Intangible assets with finite lives are reviewed periodically for impairment if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset group may not be recoverable, as discussed below under Impairment of Long-Lived Assets, other than Goodwill and Intangible Assets with Indefinite Lives.

Any costs associated with extending or renewing recognized intangible assets are generally expensed as incurred.

Prepaid Expenses and Other Non-Current Assets, net

Amounts included in prepaid expenses and other current assets primarily consist of prepaid operating expenses, including subscriptions, maintenance and other services contracts, advertising, insurance, samples and direct to consumer supplies as well as the estimated value of inventory for anticipated direct to consumer and wholesale sales returns. Other non-current assets primarily consist of assets set aside for potential liabilities related to our deferred compensation plan, equity investments in unconsolidated entities, assets related to certain investments in officers’ life insurance policies, deposits and amounts placed into escrow accounts, deferred financing costs and non-current deferred tax assets.

Officers’ life insurance policies that are owned by us, which are included in other non-current assets, net, are recorded at their cash surrender value, less any outstanding loans associated with the life insurance policies that are payable to the life insurance company with which the policy is outstanding. As of both January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022, officers’ life insurance policies, net, recorded in our consolidated balance sheets totaled $4 million.

Deferred financing costs for our revolving credit agreement are included in other non-current assets, net in our consolidated financial statements. Deferred financing costs are amortized on a straight-line basis, which approximates the effective interest method over the term of the related debt. Amortization of deferred financing costs is included in interest expense in our consolidated statements of operations. Unamortized deferred financing costs included in other non-current assets, net totaled $1 million as of both January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022.

Deferred Compensation

We have a non-qualified deferred compensation plan offered to a select group of highly compensated employees and our non-employee directors. The plan provides participants with the opportunity to defer a portion of their cash compensation in a given plan year, of which a percentage may be matched by us in accordance with the terms of the plan. We make contributions to rabbi trusts or other investments to provide a source of funds for satisfying these deferred compensation liabilities. Investments held for our deferred compensation plan consist of insurance contracts and are recorded based on valuations which generally incorporate unobservable factors. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on the deferred compensation plan investments are recorded in SG&A in our consolidated statements of operations and substantially offset the changes in deferred compensation liabilities to participants resulting from changes in market values. These securities approximate the participant-directed investment selections underlying the deferred compensation liabilities.

The total value of the assets set aside for potential deferred compensation liabilities as of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022 was $16 million and $17 million, respectively. Substantially all of these amounts are held in a rabbi trust and included in other non-current assets, net in our consolidated balance sheet. Substantially all the assets set aside for potential deferred compensation liabilities are life insurance policies recorded at their cash surrender value, less any outstanding loans associated with the life insurance policies that are payable to the life insurance company with which the policy is outstanding. The liabilities associated with the non-qualified deferred compensation plan are included in other non-current liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets and totaled $15 million and $17 million at January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022, respectively.

Equity Investments in Unconsolidated Entities

We account for equity investments in which we exercise significant influence, but do not control via voting rights and were determined to not be the primary beneficiary of, using the equity method of accounting. Generally, we determine that we exercise significant influence over a corporation or a limited liability company when we own 20% or more or 3% or more, respectively, of the voting interests, unless the facts and circumstances of that investment indicate that we do not have the ability to exhibit significant influence. Under the equity method of accounting, original investments are recorded at cost, and are subsequently adjusted for our contributions to, distributions from and share of income or losses of the entity. We account for equity investments in which we do not control or exercise significant influence using the fair value method of accounting unless there is not a readily determinable fair value for the equity investment. If there is no readily determinable fair value for such equity investment, we account for the equity investment using the alternative measurement method of cost adjusted for impairment and any identified observable price changes of the investment.

Equity investments accounted for using the equity method of accounting, fair value method of accounting, or alternative measurement method are included in other non-current assets in our consolidated balance sheets, while the income or loss related to such investments is included in royalties and other operating income in our consolidated statements of operations. During Fiscal 2022, we paid $8 million for equity investments in entities accounted for using the equity method of accounting. During Fiscal 2020, we paid $6 million, in the aggregate, for equity investments in entities accounted for using either the equity method of accounting or the alternative measurement method. These payments in Fiscal 2022 and Fiscal 2020 are included in other investing activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows.

As of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022, our consolidated balance sheet included equity investments accounted for using the equity method of accounting, fair value and alternative measurement method totaling, in the aggregate, $11 million and $3 million, respectively. The equity investments in unconsolidated entities included in our consolidated balance sheet represents substantially all of our exposure or loss related to these investments, as there are no meaningful obligations to fund additional amounts or losses related to these investments. These investments include (1) our minority ownership interest in a property in Indian Wells, California that will be converted into the Tommy

Bahama Miramonte Resort and Spa during Fiscal 2023, and (2) our minority ownership interests in smaller apparel lifestyle brands, in which we generally have an ownership interest of approximately 10% as of January 28, 2023. During Fiscal 2022, Fiscal 2021 and Fiscal 2020 we recognized amounts related to these investments in royalties and other income of a loss of $1 million, income of $12 million and a loss of less than $1 million, respectively. In Fiscal 2021, our minority ownership interests in an unconsolidated entity was redeemed upon that entity consummating a change in control transaction, resulting in proceeds to us of $15 million and a gain on sale of $12 million.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets, other than Goodwill and Intangible Assets with Indefinite Lives

We assess our long-lived assets other than goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives for impairment whenever events indicate that the carrying amount of the asset or asset group may not be fully recoverable. This recoverability and impairment assessment is performed for a specific asset or asset group and includes any property and equipment, operating lease assets, intangible assets with finite lives and other non-current assets included in the asset group. Events that would typically result in such an assessment would include a change in the estimated useful life of the assets, including a change in our plans of the anticipated period of operating a leased direct to consumer location, the decision to vacate a leased space before lease expiration, the abandonment of an asset or other factors. These events may also result in a change in the determination of the assets included in an asset group for impairment testing. To analyze recoverability, we consider undiscounted net future cash flows over the remaining life of the asset or asset group. If the amounts are determined to not be recoverable an impairment is recognized resulting in the write-down of the asset or asset group and a corresponding charge to our consolidated statements of operations. Impairment losses are measured based on the difference between the carrying amount and the estimated fair value of the assets. For any assets impaired during Fiscal 2022, Fiscal 2021 and Fiscal 2020, there was no significant fair value at the date of impairment testing.

During Fiscal 2022, Fiscal 2021 and Fiscal 2020, we recognized $1 million, $2 million and $20 million, respectively, of property and equipment impairment charges, which were primarily included in SG&A. During Fiscal 2020, these charges primarily related to a $15 million write-off of previously capitalized costs associated with a Tommy Bahama information technology project that was abandoned in Fiscal 2020, $2 million of charges related to retail store assets due to retail store closures in Tommy Bahama and Lilly Pulitzer, $1 million of charges related to office leasehold improvements resulting from the Lanier Apparel exit and $1 million of charges related to office leasehold improvements associated with the 2020 restructuring of Tommy Bahama’s international sourcing operations.

During Fiscal 2022, we did not recognize any operating lease asset impairment charges. During Fiscal 2021 and Fiscal 2020, we recognized $5 million and $4 million, respectively, of operating lease asset impairment charges, which were primarily included in SG&A. During Fiscal 2021, these charges primarily related to our Tommy Bahama New York office and showroom lease, which was vacated in Fiscal 2021 and provides the landlord the ongoing right to terminate the lease. During Fiscal 2020, these charges primarily related to $3 million of charges related to certain office leases resulting from the Lanier Apparel exit and $1 million of charges related to an office lease associated with the 2020 restructuring of Tommy Bahama’s international sourcing operations.

As disclosed in Note 4, we recognized an impairment charge of less than $1 million of an intangible asset with a finite life in Lanier Apparel in Fiscal 2020. No impairment of intangible assets with finite lives was recognized during Fiscal 2022 or Fiscal 2021.

Accounts Payable, Accrued Compensation and Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities

Liabilities for accounts payable, accrued compensation and accrued expenses and other liabilities are carried at cost, which approximates the fair value of the consideration expected to be paid in the future for goods and services received, whether or not billed to us as of the balance sheet date. Accruals for medical insurance and workers’ compensation, which are included in accrued expenses and other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets, include estimated settlements for known claims, as well as accruals for estimates of incurred but not reported claims based on our claims experience and statistical trends.

Legal and Other Contingencies

We are subject to certain litigation, claims and assessments in the ordinary course of business. The claims and assessments may relate, among other things, to disputes about trademarks and other intellectual property, employee relations matters, real estate, licensing arrangements, importing or exporting regulations, product safety requirements, taxation or other topics. For those matters where it is probable that we have incurred a loss and the loss, or range of loss, can be reasonably estimated, we have recorded reserves in accrued expenses and other liabilities or other non-current liabilities in our consolidated financial statements for the estimated loss and related expenses, such as legal fees. In other instances, because of the uncertainties related to both the probable outcome or amount or range of loss, we are unable to make a reasonable estimate of a liability, if any, and therefore have not recorded a reserve. As additional information becomes available or as circumstances change, we adjust our assessment and estimates of such liabilities accordingly. Additionally, for any potential gain contingencies, we do not recognize the gain until the period that all contingencies have been resolved and the amounts are realizable. We believe the outcome of outstanding or pending matters, individually and in the aggregate, will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements, based on information currently available.

In connection with acquisitions, we may enter into contingent consideration arrangements, which provide for the payment of additional purchase price consideration to the sellers if certain performance criteria are achieved during a specified period. We recognize the fair value of the contingent consideration based on its estimated fair value at the date of acquisition. Such valuation requires assumptions regarding anticipated cash flows, probabilities of cash flows, discount rates and other factors. Each of these assumptions may involve a significant amount of uncertainty. Subsequent to the date of acquisition, we periodically adjust the liability for the contingent consideration to reflect the fair value of the contingent consideration by reassessing our valuation assumptions as of that date. A change in assumptions related to contingent consideration amounts could have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. Any change in the fair value of the contingent consideration is recognized in SG&A in our consolidated statements of operations.

A change in the fair value of contingent consideration of $1 million and $1 million associated with the 2017 acquisition of TBBC was recognized in our consolidated statements of operations in Fiscal 2021 and Fiscal 2020, respectively. As of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022, $0 million and $2 million, respectively, of contingent consideration related to the TBBC acquisition was recognized as a liability in our consolidated balance sheet. In the aggregate, $4 million was earned by the sellers pursuant to the four year contingent consideration arrangement, which ended on January 29, 2022, with the final payment of $2 million paid in Fiscal 2022. One of the sellers of TBBC is an employee and continues to manage the operations of TBBC.

Other Non-current Liabilities

Amounts included in other non-current liabilities primarily consist of deferred compensation amounts and amounts related to uncertain tax positions.

Leases

In the ordinary course of business, we enter into real estate lease agreements for our direct to consumer locations, which include both retail and food and beverage locations, office and warehouse/distribution space, as well as leases for certain equipment. Our real estate leases have varying terms and expirations and may have provisions to extend, renew or terminate the lease agreement at our discretion, among other provisions. Our real estate lease terms are typically for a period of ten years or less and typically require monthly rent payments with specified rent escalations during the lease term. Our real estate leases usually provide for payments of our pro rata share of real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses applicable to the property, and certain of our leases require payment of sales taxes on rental payments. Also, our direct to consumer location leases often provide for contingent rent payments based on sales if certain sales thresholds are achieved. For many of our real estate lease agreements, we obtain lease incentives from the landlord for tenant improvement or other allowances. Our lease agreements do not include any material residual

value guarantees or material restrictive financial covenants. Substantially all of our leases are classified as long-term operating leases.

For our leases, we recognize operating lease liabilities equal to our obligation to make lease payments arising from the leases on a discounted basis and operating lease assets which represent our right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for a lease term. Operating lease liabilities, which are included in current portion of operating lease liabilities and non-current portion of operating lease liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets, are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The significant judgments in calculating the present value of lease obligations include determining the lease term and lease payment amounts, which are dependent upon our assessment of the likelihood of exercising any renewal or termination options that are at our discretion, as well as the discount rate applied to the future lease payments. The operating lease assets, which are included in operating lease assets in our consolidated balance sheets, at commencement represent the amount of the operating lease liability reduced for any lease incentives, including tenant improvement allowances. Typically, we do not include any renewal or termination options at our discretion in the underlying lease term at the time of lease commencement as the probability of exercise generally is not reasonably certain. Variable rental payments for real estate taxes, sales tax, insurance, other operating expenses and contingent rent based on a percentage of net sales or adjusted periodically for inflation are not included in lease expense used to calculate the present value of lease obligations recognized in our consolidated balance sheet, but instead are recognized as incurred.

Lease expense for operating leases is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, even if there are fixed escalation clauses, lease incentives for rent holidays, or other similar items from the date that we take possession of the space. Substantially all of our lease expense is recognized in SG&A in our consolidated statements of operations.

We account for the underlying operating lease at the individual lease level. The lease guidance requires us to discount future lease payments using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, our estimated incremental borrowing rate. As our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use an estimated incremental borrowing rate based on information available at the applicable commencement date. Our estimated incremental borrowing rate for a lease is the rate of interest we estimate we would have to pay on a collateralized basis over the lease term to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments.

During the First Quarter of Fiscal 2020, the FASB provided for an optional practical expedient that simplifies how a lessee accounts for rent concessions that are a direct consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The practical expedient only applies if a lease is modified to allow for a rental concession and (1) the revised consideration is substantially the same as, or less than, the original consideration in the lease agreement, (2) the reduction in lease payments relates to payments due on or before June 30, 2021, and (3) no other substantive changes have been made to the terms of the leases. The practical expedient provides that, if the above conditions are met for the lease agreement, the lessee is not required to assess whether the eligible rent concessions are lease modifications. We have elected to apply the practical expedient for all eligible lease modifications resulting in the rent concession being recorded as an adjustment to variable lease payments and recognized in our consolidated statement of operations in that period. The amounts of concessions recognized immediately in our consolidated statement of operations pursuant to this practical expedient in Fiscal 2021 and Fiscal 2020 was $1 million and $4 million, respectively. For lease modifications that do not meet the criteria for the practical expedient, we account for the amendment and concession as a lease modification requiring lease remeasurement with the concession recognized as a reduction to the operating lease asset and recognized in our consolidated statements of operations over the remaining term of the respective lease agreement. The amount of concessions agreed to in Fiscal 2021 and Fiscal 2020 that were recognized as reductions of the operating lease asset and will be recognized in future periods over the remaining lease term as a reduction to rent expense was $3 million and $4 million, respectively. There were no concession amounts recognized immediately or initially recognized as reductions of the operating lease asset during Fiscal 2022 pursuant to this practical expedient.

Foreign Currency

We are exposed to foreign currency exchange risk when we generate net sales or incur expenses in currencies other than the functional currency of the respective operations. The resulting assets and liabilities denominated in amounts other than the respective functional currency are re-measured into the respective functional currency at the rate of exchange in effect on the balance sheet date, and income and expenses are re-measured at the average rates of exchange prevailing during the relevant period. The impact of any such re-measurement is recognized in our consolidated statements of operations in that period. Net losses (gains) included in our consolidated statements of operations related to foreign currency transactions recognized in Fiscal 2022, Fiscal 2021 and Fiscal 2020 were $2 million, $1 million and $0 million, respectively.

Additionally, the financial statements of our operations for which the functional currency is a currency other than the U.S. dollar are translated into U.S. dollars at the rate of exchange in effect on the balance sheet date for the balance sheet and at the average rates of exchange prevailing during the relevant period for the statements of operations. The impact of such translation is recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in our consolidated balance sheets and included in other comprehensive income (loss) in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income resulting in no impact on net earnings for the relevant period. We view our foreign investments as long term, and we generally do not hedge such foreign investments.

As of January 28, 2023, our foreign currency exchange risk exposure primarily results from our businesses operating outside of the United States, which are primarily related to (1) our Tommy Bahama operations in Canada and Australia purchasing goods in U.S. dollars or other currencies and (2) certain other transactions, including intercompany transactions. During Fiscal 2022, Fiscal 2021 and Fiscal 2020, we did not enter into and were not a party to any foreign currency exchange contracts.

Interest Rate Risk

As all of our indebtedness is variable-rate debt, we are exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates. If we determine that our exposure to interest rate changes is higher than we believe is appropriate, we may attempt to limit the impact of interest rate changes on earnings and cash flow through a mix of variable-rate and fixed-rate debt or by entering into interest rate swap arrangements. Our assessment of appropriate levels of exposure to changes in interest rates also considers our need for flexibility in our borrowing arrangements resulting from the significant seasonality of our business and cash flows, anticipated future cash flows and our expectations about the risk of future interest rate changes, among other factors. During Fiscal 2022, Fiscal 2021 and Fiscal 2020, we did not enter into and were not a party to any interest rate swap agreements.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value, in accordance with GAAP, is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. Valuation techniques include the market approach (comparable market prices), the income approach (present value of future income or cash flow), and the cost approach (cost to replace the service capacity of an asset or replacement cost). These valuation techniques may be based upon either observable or unobservable inputs.

The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value pursuant to the guidance are as follows: (1) Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; (2) Level 2—Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data; and (3) Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and

that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities, which include certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.

As of January 28, 2023, our financial instruments consist primarily of our cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses, other current liabilities and debt. Given their short-term nature, the carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities generally approximate their fair values. The fair values of any cash and cash equivalents invested on an overnight basis in money market funds, as well as short-term investments, are based upon the quoted prices in active markets provided by the holding financial institutions, which are considered Level 1 inputs in the fair value hierarchy. Additionally, we believe the carrying amounts of our variable-rate borrowings, if any, approximate fair value.

We have determined that our operating lease assets, property and equipment, intangible assets, goodwill and certain other non-current assets included in our consolidated balance sheets are non-financial assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis. We have determined that our approaches for determining fair values of each of these non-current assets are generally based on Level 3 inputs. Additionally, for any contingent consideration fair value amounts, we have determined that our approaches for determining fair value during the performance period are generally based on Level 3 inputs during the contingent consideration period.

In the First Quarter of Fiscal 2020, in determining the $9 million fair value, and resulting carrying value, of the Southern Tide trade name in our interim impairment test, which utilized the relief from royalty valuation method, we used certain Level 3 inputs. The significant unobservable inputs used in determining the fair value of the Southern Tide trade name as of the First Quarter of Fiscal 2020 included: (a) a double-digit percentage decrease in sales for the remainder of Fiscal 2020 as compared to the comparable prior year sales amounts, reflecting the anticipated impact of the COVID-19 pandemic during the remainder of Fiscal 2020; a double-digit percentage increase for sales in Fiscal 2021, reflecting an anticipated partial recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic; and high single-digit percentage growth rates for sales subsequent to Fiscal 2021, with the growth rate in future periods ultimately decreasing to a low single-digit percentage in the long term, and (b) a required rate of return for the intangible asset of 13%.

Equity Compensation

We have certain equity compensation plans as described in Note 8, which provide for the ability to grant restricted shares, restricted share units, options and other equity awards to our employees and non-employee directors. We recognize compensation expense related to equity awards to employees and non-employee directors in SG&A in our consolidated statements of operations based on the fair value of the awards on the grant date. The fair value of restricted share awards that are service and performance-based are determined based on the fair value of our common stock on the grant date. The fair value of restricted share awards that are market-based (e.g. relative total shareholder return (“TSR”)) are determined based on a Monte Carlo simulation model, which models multiple TSR paths for our common stock as well as the comparator group, as applicable, to evaluate and determine the estimated fair value of the restricted share award.

For awards with specified service requirements, the fair value of the awards granted to employees is recognized over the requisite service period. For performance-based awards (e.g. awards based on our earnings per share), during the performance period we assess expected performance versus the predetermined performance goals and adjust the cumulative equity compensation expense to reflect the relative expected performance achievement. The fair value of the performance-based awards, if earned, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the aggregate performance period and any additional required service period. For market-based awards (e.g. TSR-based awards) with specified service requirements that are equal to or longer than the market-based specification period, the fair value of the awards granted to employees is recognized over the requisite service period, regardless of whether, and to the extent to which, the market condition is ultimately satisfied. The impact of stock award forfeitures on compensation expense is recognized at the time of forfeiture as no estimate of future forfeitures is considered in our calculation of compensation expense for our service-based, performance-based or market-based awards.

Comprehensive Income and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive income consists of net earnings and specified components of other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) includes changes in assets and liabilities that are not included in net earnings pursuant to GAAP, such as foreign currency translation adjustments between the functional and reporting currencies and certain unrealized gains (losses), if any. For us, other comprehensive income for each period presented primarily consists of the impact of the foreign currency translation of our international operations. These other comprehensive income (loss) amounts are deferred in accumulated other comprehensive loss, which is included in shareholders’ equity in our consolidated balance sheets. As of January 28, 2023, the amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive loss in our consolidated balance sheet primarily consist of the net foreign currency translation adjustment related to our Tommy Bahama operations in Canada and Australia. No material amounts of accumulated other comprehensive loss were reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into our consolidated statements of operations during Fiscal 2022, Fiscal 2021 or Fiscal 2020.

Dividends

Dividends are accrued at the time declared by our Board of Directors and typically paid within the same fiscal quarter. Certain restricted share units, as described in Note 8, earn dividend equivalents which are accrued at the time of dividend declaration by the Board of Directors in accrued expenses and other liabilities, but only paid if the restricted share units are ultimately earned. Dividends accrued related to these restricted share units, which are included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in our consolidated balance sheet, were $1 million and less than $1 million, as of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022, respectively.

Share Repurchases

From time to time, we may repurchase shares of our stock under an open market repurchase program or otherwise. We account for share repurchases for open market transactions by charging the excess of repurchase price over the par value entirely to retained earnings based on the trade settlement date.

Concentration of Credit Risk and Significant Customers

We are exposed to concentrations of credit risk as a result of our receivables balances, for which the total exposure is limited to the amount recognized in our consolidated balance sheets. We sell our merchandise to wholesale customers operating in a number of distribution channels in the United States and other countries. We extend credit to certain wholesale customers based on an evaluation of the customer’s credit history and financial condition, usually without requiring collateral. Credit risk is impacted by conditions or occurrences within the economy and the retail industry and is principally dependent on each customer’s financial condition. As of January 28, 2023, one customer represented 16% and another customer represented 11% of our receivables, net included in our consolidated balance sheet.

No individual customer represented greater than 10% of our consolidated net sales in Fiscal 2022, Fiscal 2021 or Fiscal 2020. However, a decision by the controlling owner of a group of stores or any significant customer to decrease the amount of merchandise purchased from us or to cease carrying our products could have an adverse effect on our results of operations in future periods.

Income Taxes

Income taxes included in our consolidated financial statements are determined using the asset and liability method. Under this method, income taxes are recognized based on amounts of income taxes payable or refundable in the current year as well as the impact of any items that are recognized in different periods for consolidated financial

statement reporting and tax return reporting purposes. Prepaid income taxes and income taxes payable are recognized in prepaid expenses and other accrued expenses and liabilities, respectively, in our consolidated balance sheets.

As certain amounts are recognized in different periods for consolidated financial statement and tax return reporting purposes, financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities differ, resulting in the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities. The deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect the estimated future tax effects attributable to these differences, as well as the impact of net operating loss, capital loss and federal and state credit carry-backs and carry-forwards, each as determined under enacted tax laws at rates expected to apply in the period in which such amounts are expected to be realized or settled. We account for the effect of changes in tax laws or rates in the period of enactment.

We recognize deferred tax assets to the extent we believe it is more likely than not that these assets will be realized. In making such a determination, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, taxable income in any carry-back years, tax-planning strategies, and recent results of operations.

Valuation allowances are established when we determine that it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. Valuation allowances are analyzed periodically and adjusted as events occur or circumstances change that would indicate adjustments to the valuation allowances are appropriate. If we determine that we are more likely than not to realize our deferred tax assets in the future in excess of their net recorded amount, we will reduce the deferred tax asset valuation allowance, which will reduce income tax expense.

Also, we use a two-step approach for evaluating uncertain tax positions. Under the two-step method, recognition occurs when we conclude that a tax position, based solely on technical merits, is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination. The second step, measurement, is only addressed if step one has been satisfied. The tax benefit recorded is measured as the largest amount of benefit determined on a cumulative probability basis that is more likely than not to be realized upon ultimate settlement. Those tax positions failing to qualify for initial recognition are recognized in the first subsequent interim period they meet the more likely than not threshold or are resolved through settlement or litigation with the relevant taxing authority, upon expiration of the statute of limitations or otherwise. Alternatively, de-recognition of a tax position that was previously recognized occurs when we subsequently determine that a tax position no longer meets the more likely than not threshold of being sustained.

In the case of foreign subsidiaries, there are certain exceptions to the requirement that deferred tax liabilities be recognized for the difference in the financial statement and tax bases of assets. If we consider the investment to be essentially permanent in duration and the financial statement basis of the investment in a foreign subsidiary, excluding undistributed earnings, exceeds the tax basis in such investment, the deferred tax liability is not recognized. Further, deferred tax liabilities are not required to be recognized for undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries when we consider those earnings to be permanently reinvested outside the United States. While distributions of foreign subsidiary earnings are generally not subject to federal tax, there are other possible tax impacts, including state taxes and foreign withholding tax, that must be considered if the earnings are not considered to be permanently reinvested. Further, a gain realized upon the sale of a foreign subsidiary, if any, is not exempt from federal tax and consideration must therefore be given to the impact of differences in the book and tax basis of foreign subsidiaries not arising from earnings when determining whether a liability must be recorded if the investment is not considered permanently reinvested.

Additionally, United States tax regulations currently include certain tax provisions including a tax on global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”), disallowance of deductions for certain payments (the base erosion anti-abuse tax, or “BEAT”) and certain deductions enacted for certain foreign-derived intangible income (“FDII”). While the calculations for GILTI, BEAT and FDII are complex calculations, these provisions did not have a material impact on our effective tax rate in Fiscal 2022, Fiscal 2021 and Fiscal 2020. We recognize the impact of GILTI as a period cost.

On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) was signed into law, with applicable provisions reflected in our financial statements upon enactment. This law included several taxpayer favorable provisions which impacted us, including allowing the carry-back of our Fiscal 2020 net operating losses to years prior to the enactment of the United States Tax Cuts and Jobs Act in 2017 (“U.S. Tax Reform”), resulting in an increased benefit for those losses, accelerated depreciation of certain leasehold improvement costs, relaxed interest expense limitations and certain non-income tax benefits including deferral of employer FICA payments and an employee retention credit. Substantially all of the income tax receivable in our consolidated balance sheets as of January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022 relates to the carry-back of our Fiscal 2020 net operating losses to prior years.

We file income tax returns in the United States and various state, local and foreign jurisdictions. Our federal, state, local and foreign income tax returns filed for years prior to Fiscal 2019, with limited exceptions, are no longer subject to examination by tax authorities.

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Basic net earnings per share amounts are calculated by dividing the net earnings amount by the weighted average shares outstanding during the period. Shares repurchased, if any, are removed from the weighted average number of shares outstanding upon repurchase based on the trade settlement date.

Diluted net earnings per share amounts are calculated similarly to the amounts above, except that the weighted average shares outstanding in the diluted net earnings per share calculation also include the potential dilution using the treasury stock method that could occur if dilutive securities, including restricted share awards or other dilutive awards, were converted to shares. The treasury stock method assumes that shares are issued for any restricted share awards, options or other dilutive awards that are "in the money," and that we use the proceeds received to repurchase shares at the average market value of our shares for the respective period. For purposes of the treasury stock method, proceeds consist of future compensation expense to be recognized and any cash to be paid. Performance-based and market-based restricted share units are included in the computation of diluted shares only to the extent that the underlying performance or market conditions (1) have been satisfied as of the end of the reporting period or (2) if the measurement criteria has been satisfied and the result would be dilutive, even if the contingency period has not ended as of the end of the reporting period.

In periods that we incur a loss, we exclude restricted shares or restricted share unit awards as including the awards would be anti-dilutive. During Fiscal 2020, there were 0.4 million restricted shares and restricted share units outstanding that were excluded from the diluted earnings (loss) per share calculation. No restricted shares or restricted share units were excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation for Fiscal 2022 or Fiscal 2021.

Reclassifications

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported as assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Changes to our estimates and assumptions could have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Standards Adopted in Fiscal 2022

No recently issued guidance adopted in Fiscal 2022 had a material impact on our consolidated financial statements upon adoption or is expected to have a material impact in future periods.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards Applicable to Future Years

Recent accounting pronouncements pending adoption are either not applicable or not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.