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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

McGrath RentCorp and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (the “Company”) is a California corporation organized in 1979. The Company is a diversified business to business rental company with four rental divisions; relocatable modular buildings, portable storage containers, electronic test equipment and liquid and solid containment tanks and boxes. Although the Company’s primary emphasis is on equipment rentals, sales of equipment occur in the normal course of business. The Company is comprised of four reportable business segments: modular building and portable storage segment (“Mobile Modular”), electronic test equipment segment (“TRS-RenTelco”), containment solutions for the storage of hazardous and non-hazardous liquids and solids segment (“Adler Tanks”) and classroom manufacturing division selling modular classrooms in California (“Enviroplex”).

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of McGrath RentCorp and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Revenue Recognition

Rental revenue from operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Rental billings for periods extending beyond period end are recorded as deferred income and are recognized when earned. Rental related services revenue is primarily associated with relocatable modular building and liquid and solid containment tanks and boxes leases. For modular building leases, rental related services revenue consists of billings to customers for modifications, delivery, installation, additional site-related work, and dismantle and return delivery. For modular building leases, revenue related to delivery, installation, dismantle and return delivery are an integral part of the negotiated lease agreement with customers and are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. For liquid and solid containment solutions, rental related services revenue consists of billings for delivery, removal and cleaning of the tanks and boxes. These revenues are recognized in the period performed.

Sales revenue is recognized upon delivery and installation of the equipment to customers. Certain leases are accounted for as sales-type leases. For these leases, sales revenue and the related accounts receivable are recognized upon delivery and installation of the equipment and the unearned interest is recognized over the lease term on a basis which results in a constant rate of return on the unrecovered lease investment.

Other revenue is recognized when earned and primarily includes interest income on sales-type leases, rental income on facility leases and certain logistics services.

Sales taxes charged to customers are reported on a net basis and are excluded from revenues and expenses.

Depreciation of Rental Equipment

Rental equipment is depreciated on a straight-line basis for financial reporting purposes and on an accelerated basis for income tax purposes. The costs of major refurbishment of relocatable modular buildings, portable storage containers and tanks and boxes are capitalized to the extent the refurbishment significantly adds value to, or extends the life of the equipment. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred.

The estimated useful lives and residual values of the Company’s rental equipment used for financial reporting purposes are as follows:

Relocatable modular buildings		18 years, 50% residual value
Relocatable modular accessories		3 to 18 years, no residual value
Portable storage containers		25 years, 62.5% residual value
Electronic test equipment and accessories		1 to 8 years, no residual value
Liquid and solid containment tanks and boxes and accessories		3 to 20 years, no residual value

Costs of Rental Related Services

Costs of rental related services are primarily associated with relocatable modular building leases and liquid and solid containment tank and boxes. Modular building leases primarily consist of costs for services to be provided under the negotiated lease agreement for delivery, installation, modifications, skirting, additional site-related work, and dismantle and return delivery. Costs related to these services are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Costs of rental related services associated with liquid and solid containment solutions consists of costs of delivery, removal and cleaning of the tanks and boxes. These costs are recognized in the period the service is performed.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company evaluates the carrying value of rental equipment and identifiable definite lived intangible assets for impairment whenever events or circumstances have occurred that would indicate the carrying amount may not be fully recoverable. A key element in determining the recoverability of long-lived assets is the Company’s outlook as to the future market conditions for its rental equipment. If the carrying amount is not fully recoverable, an impairment loss is recognized to reduce the carrying amount to fair value. The Company determines fair value based upon the condition of the rental equipment and the projected net cash flows from its rental and sale considering current market conditions. Goodwill and identifiable indefinite lived assets are evaluated for potential impairment annually or when circumstances indicate potential impairment may have occurred. Impairment losses, if any, are determined based upon the excess of carrying value over the estimated fair value of the asset. The Company recorded an impairment of modular rental equipment of $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. There were no impairments of long-lived assets during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015.

Other Direct Costs of Rental Operations

Other direct costs of rental operations include direct labor, supplies, repairs, insurance, property taxes, license fees, impairment of rental equipment and certain modular lease costs charged to customers in the negotiated rental rate, which are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales in the Consolidated Statements of Income includes the carrying value of the equipment sold and all direct costs associated with the sale.

Warranty Reserves

Sales of new relocatable modular buildings, portable storage containers, electronic test equipment and related accessories and liquid and solid containment tanks and boxes not manufactured by the Company are typically covered by warranties provided by the manufacturer of the products sold. The Company typically provides limited 90-day warranties for certain sales of used rental equipment and one-year warranties on equipment manufactured by Enviroplex. Although the Company’s policy is to provide reserves for warranties when required for specific circumstances, the Company has not found it necessary to establish such reserves to date as warranty costs have not been significant.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is recognized on a straight-line basis for financial reporting purposes, and on an accelerated basis for income tax purposes. Depreciation expenses for property, plant and equipment is included in “Selling and administrative expenses” and “Rental related services” in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred.

Property, plant and equipment consist of the following:

(dollar amounts in thousands)	Estimated useful life		December 31,
	in years		2017			2016
Land	Indefinite		$	50,689		$	45,928
Land improvements	20 – 50			43,337			42,677
Buildings		30		26,862			26,105
Furniture, office and computer equipment	3 – 10			32,118			35,215
Vehicles and machinery	5 – 25			34,597			30,416
				187,603			180,341
Less accumulated depreciation				(70,034	)		(68,854	)
				117,569			111,487
Construction in progress				1,601			703
			$	119,170		$	112,190

Property, plant and equipment depreciation expense was $7.6 million, $8.1 million and $8.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Construction in progress at December 31, 2017 and 2016 consisted primarily of costs related to acquisition of land and land improvements and information technology upgrades.

Capitalized Software Costs

The Company capitalizes certain development costs incurred in connection with its internal use software. Costs incurred in the preliminary stages of development are expensed as incurred. Once an application has reached the development stage, direct internal and external costs are capitalized until the software is substantially complete and ready for its intended use. These costs generally include external direct costs of materials and services consumed in the project and internal costs, such as payroll and benefits of those employees directly associated with the development of the software. Maintenance, training and post implementation costs are expensed as incurred. The Company also capitalizes costs related to specific upgrades and enhancements when it is probable the expenditures will result in additional functionality. Capitalized software costs are included in property, plant and equipment. The Company capitalized $0.8 million and $0.2 million in internal use software during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Advertising Costs

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Total advertising expenses were $2.9 million, $2.9 million and $2.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for using an asset and liability approach. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded for the effect of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are adjusted to the extent necessary to reflect tax rates expected to be in effect when temporary differences reverse. Adjustments may be required to deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities due to changes in tax laws and audit adjustments by tax authorities. A valuation allowance would be established if, based on the weight of available evidence, management believes that it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a recorded deferred tax asset would not be realized in future periods. To the extent adjustments are required in any given period, the adjustments would be included within the “Provision for income taxes” in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Purchase prices of acquired businesses have been allocated to the assets and liabilities acquired based on the estimated fair values on the respective acquisition dates. Based on these values, the excess purchase prices over the fair value of the net assets acquired were allocated to goodwill and other intangible assets. Intangible assets related to customer relationships are amortized over eleven years. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, goodwill and trade name intangible assets which have indefinite lives totaled $33.5 million.

The Company assesses potential impairment of its goodwill and intangible assets when there is evidence that events or circumstances have occurred that would indicate the recovery of an asset’s carrying value is unlikely. The Company also assesses potential impairment of its goodwill and intangible assets on an annual basis regardless of whether there is evidence of impairment. If indicators of impairment were to be present in intangible assets used in operations and future discounted cash flows were not expected to be sufficient to recover the assets’ carrying amount, an impairment loss would be charged to expense in the period identified. The amount of an impairment loss would be recognized as the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value. Factors the Company considers important, which may cause impairment include, among others, significant changes in the manner of use of the acquired asset, negative industry or economic trends, and significant underperformance relative to historical or projected operating results.

The impairment review of the Company’s goodwill and indefinite lived assets is performed by first assessing qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test. In the first step, the fair value of the reporting unit is compared to its carrying value to determine if the goodwill and intangible assets are impaired. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the net assets assigned to that unit, then goodwill and intangible assets are not impaired and no further testing is required. If the carrying value of the net assets assigned to the reporting unit were to exceed its fair value, then the second step is performed in order to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill and intangible assets and an impairment loss is recorded for an amount equal to the difference between the implied fair value and the carrying value of the goodwill and intangible assets.

The Company conducted its annual impairment analysis in the fourth quarter of its fiscal year. The impairment analysis did not result in an impairment charge for the fiscal years ended 2017, 2016 or 2015. Determining the fair value of a reporting unit is judgmental and involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions. The Company based its fair value estimates on assumptions that it believes are reasonable but are uncertain and subject to changes in market conditions.

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed as net income divided by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS is computed assuming conversion of all potentially dilutive securities including the dilutive effects of stock options, unvested restricted stock awards and other potentially dilutive securities. The table below presents the weighted-average common stock used to calculate basic and diluted earnings per share:

(in thousands)	Year Ended December 31,
	2017		2016		2015
Weighted-average common stock for calculating basic earnings per share		23,999		23,900		25,369
Effect of potentially dilutive securities from equity-based compensation		270		76		88
Weighted-average common stock for calculating diluted earnings per share		24,269		23,976		25,457

The following securities were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive:

(in thousands)	Year Ended December 31,
	2017		2016		2015
Options to purchase common stock		7		661		746

In May 2008, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the Company to repurchase an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of the Company's outstanding common stock. The Company has in the past made purchases of shares of its common stock from time to time in over-the-counter market (NASDAQ) transactions, through privately negotiated, large block transactions and through a share repurchase plan, in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. In August 2015, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the Company to repurchase an additional 2,000,000 shares of the Company's outstanding common stock. The amount and time of the specific repurchases are subject to prevailing market conditions, applicable legal requirements and other factors, including management’s discretion. All shares repurchased by the Company are canceled and returned to the status of authorized but unissued shares of common stock. There can be no assurance that any authorized shares will be repurchased and the repurchase program may be modified, extended or terminated by the Board of Directors at any time. There were no repurchases of common stock during the twelve months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. As of December 31, 2017, 1,592,026 shares remain authorized for repurchase.

Accounts Receivable and Concentration of Credit Risk

The Company’s accounts receivable consist of amounts due from customers for rentals, sales, financed sales and unbilled amounts for the portion of modular building end-of-lease services earned, which were negotiated as part of the lease agreement. Unbilled receivables related to end-of-lease services, which consists of dismantle and return delivery of buildings, were $30.1 million at December 31, 2017 and $28.1 million at December 31, 2016. The Company sells primarily on 30-day terms, individually performs credit evaluation procedures on its customers on each transaction and will require security deposits from its customers when a significant credit risk is identified. The Company records an allowance for doubtful accounts in amounts equal to the estimated losses expected to be incurred in the collection of the accounts receivable. The estimated losses are based on historical collection experience in conjunction with an evaluation of the current status of the existing accounts. Customer accounts are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts when an account is determined to be uncollectable. The allowance for doubtful accounts activity was as follows:

(in thousands)	2017			2016
Beginning balance, January 1	$	2,087		$	2,087
Provision for doubtful accounts		1,480			1,892
Write-offs, net of recoveries		(1,647	)		(1,892	)
Ending balance, December 31	$	1,920		$	2,087

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of trade accounts receivable. From time to time, the Company maintains cash balances in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limits.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company believes that the carrying amounts for cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and notes payable approximate their fair values except for fixed rate debt included in notes payable which has an estimated fair value of $120.2 million and $140.7 million compared to the recorded value of $120.0 million and $140.0 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The estimates of fair value of the Company’s fixed rate debt are based on the borrowing rates currently available to the Company for bank loans with similar terms and average maturities.

Foreign Currency Transactions and Translation

The Company's Canadian subsidiary, TRS-RenTelco Inc., a British Columbia corporation (“TRS-Canada”), functions as a branch sales office for TRS-RenTelco in Canada. The functional currency for TRS-Canada is the U.S. dollar. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses of TRS-Canada are reported in the results of operations in the period in which they occur.

The Company’s Indian subsidiary, TRS-RenTelco India Private Limited (“TRS-India”), functions as a rental and sales office for TRS-RenTelco in India, which commenced its closure during 2017. The functional currency for TRS-India is the Indian Rupee. All assets and liabilities of TRS-India are translated into U.S. dollars at period-end exchange rates and all income statement amounts are translated at the average exchange rate for each month within the year.

Currently, the Company does not use derivative instruments to hedge its economic exposure with respect to assets, liabilities and firm commitments as the foreign currency transactions and risks to date have not been significant.

Share-Based Compensation

The Company measures and recognizes the compensation expense for all share-based awards made to employees and directors, including stock options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) and restricted stock units (“RSUs”), based upon estimated fair values. The fair value of stock options and SARs is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and for RSUs based upon the fair market value of the underlying shares of common stock as of the date of grant. The Company recognizes share-based compensation cost ratably on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which generally equals the vesting period. For performance-based RSUs, compensation costs are recognized when vesting conditions are met. In addition, the Company estimates the probable number of shares of common stock that will be earned and the corresponding compensation cost until the achievement of the performance goal is known. The Company records share-based compensation costs in “Selling and administrative expenses” in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The Company recognizes a benefit from share-based compensation in the Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity if an incremental tax benefit is realized. Further information regarding share-based compensation can be found in “Note 5 –Benefit Plans”.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions in determining reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during each period presented. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The most significant estimates included in the financial statements are the future cash flows and fair values used to determine the recoverability of the rental equipment and identifiable definite lived intangible assets carrying value, the various assets’ useful lives and residual values, and the allowance for doubtful accounts.

Reclassification

In order to conform to our current year presentation, $2.7 million and $2.4 million were reclassified in 2016 and 2015, respectively, from other to rental related services within the direct costs of rental operations on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. These reclassifications had no impact on net income, earnings per share or operating cash flows.

New Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). The objective of this guidance is to establish the principles for reporting useful information to users of financial statements about the nature, timing and uncertainty of revenue from contracts with customers. The new standard is effective for the interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017. The new standard permits two methods of adoption: retrospectively to each prior period presented (full retrospective method), or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance recognized at the date of initial application (modified retrospective method). The Company will adopt the guidance effective January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method. The Company believes the majority of its revenue, as such revenue relates to rental contractual revenue, is excluded from the scope of this standard, and the remaining revenue streams will not be materially affected. The Company does not anticipate the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Subtopic 842-10). Under the new guidance, lessees will be required to recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) on the commencement date: a) lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and b) right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. Under the new guidance, lessor accounting is largely unchanged. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. While the Company is still evaluating the potential impact of this guidance, as a lessor the Company does not believe the accounting for operating lease revenues will be materially affected by this standard. The Company anticipates the lessee accounting to increase its total assets and liabilities; however, the Company is currently evaluating the magnitude of the impact the adoption of this guidance will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

During the first quarter 2017, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (ASU 2016-09). As a result of the adoption, the Company recognized $869,000 of excess tax benefits related to share-based payments as a reduction to the provision for income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2017. These tax benefits, or shortfalls, were historically recorded in equity. In addition, cash flows related to excess tax benefits, or shortfalls, are now classified as an operating activity with the prior period adjusted accordingly. Cash paid on employees’ behalf related to shares withheld for tax purposes is classified as a financing activity, consistent with prior year’s presentation. Retrospective application of the cash flow presentation requirements resulted in decreases to both net cash provided by operations and net cash used in financing activities of $1,066,000 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016. The Company’s compensation expense for each period continues to reflect forfeitures as they occur, rather than based upon estimated expected forfeitures.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation, Stock Compensation (Topic 718). The amendments in this update provide guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting in Topic 718. An entity should account for the effects of a modification unless all of the following are met: 1) the fair value of the modified award is the same as the fair value of the original award immediately before the original award is modified. If the modification does not affect any of the inputs to the valuation technique that the entity uses to value the award, the entity is not required to estimate the value immediately before and after the modification; 2) the vesting conditions of the modified award are the same as the vesting conditions of the original award immediately before the original award is modified and; 3) the classification of the modified award as an equity instrument or a liability instrument is the same as the classification of the original award immediately before the original award is modified. The amendments of this update are effective for the interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Income Tax Position

The Company recognizes the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority would more likely than not sustain the position following an audit. For tax positions meeting the more-likely-than-not threshold, the amount recognized in the financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority.

Segment Reporting

FASB guidelines establish annual and interim reporting standards for an enterprise’s operating segments and related disclosures about its products, services, geographic areas and major customers. In accordance with these guidelines the Company’s four reportable segments are Mobile Modular, TRS-RenTelco, Adler Tanks and Enviroplex. Management focuses on several key measures to evaluate and assess each segment’s performance including rental revenue growth, gross margin, and income before provision for income taxes. Excluding interest expense, allocations of revenue and expense not directly associated with one of these segments are generally allocated to Mobile Modular, TRS-RenTelco and Adler Tanks, based on their pro-rata share of direct revenues. Interest expense is allocated amongst Mobile Modular, TRS-RenTelco and Adler Tanks based on their pro-rata share of average rental equipment at cost, goodwill, intangible assets, accounts receivable, deferred income and customer security deposits. The Company does not report total assets by business segment.