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LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES ON LOANS
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2024
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Abstract]  
LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES ON LOANS
 
Loans

The composition of the Company’s loan portfolio, excluding residential loans held for sale, was as follows for the dates indicated:
(In thousands)March 31,
2024		December 31,
2023
Commercial Loans:
Commercial real estate - non-owner-occupied$1,402,326 $1,370,446 
Commercial real estate - owner-occupied300,626 301,860 
Commercial397,395 403,901 
Total commercial loans2,100,347 2,076,207 
Retail Loans:
Residential real estate1,762,482 1,763,378 
Home equity240,674 240,341 
Consumer17,537 18,168 
Total retail loans2,020,693 2,021,887 
Total loans$4,121,040 $4,098,094 
The loan balances for each portfolio segment presented above are net of their respective unamortized fair value mark discount on acquired loans and net of unamortized loan origination costs for the dates indicated:
(In thousands)March 31,
2024		December 31,
2023
Net unamortized loan origination costs$7,070 $7,113 
Net unamortized fair value mark discount on acquired loans(142)(168)
Total$6,928 $6,945 

The Company's lending activities are primarily conducted in Maine, but also includes loan production offices in New Hampshire. The Company originates single- and multi-family residential loans, commercial real estate loans, business loans, municipal loans and a variety of consumer loans. In addition, the Company makes loans for the construction of residential homes, multi-family properties and commercial real estate properties. The ability and willingness of borrowers to honor their repayment commitments is generally dependent on the level of overall economic activity within the geographic area and the general economy.
Related Party Loans. In the normal course of business, the Bank makes loans to certain officers, directors and their associated companies, under terms that are consistent with the Company's lending policies and regulatory requirements and that do not involve more than the normal risk of collectability or present other unfavorable features. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, outstanding loans to certain officers, directors and their associated companies were less than 5% of the Company's shareholders' equity.

Loan Sales

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company sold $41.4 million and $35.1 million, respectively, of residential mortgage loans on the secondary market, which resulted in gains on the sale of loans (net of costs) of $470,000 and $384,000, respectively.

At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had certain residential mortgage loans with a principal balance of $9.4 million and $10.2 million, respectively, designated as held for sale. The Company has elected the fair value option of accounting for its loans held for sale, and at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, recorded unrealized gains of $83,000 and $168,000, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded unrealized (losses) gains on loans held for sale within mortgage banking income, net, on the Company's consolidated statements of income of ($85,000) and $85,000, respectively.

The Company has forward delivery commitments with a secondary market investor on each of its loans held for sale at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Refer to Note 8 for further discussion of the Company's forward delivery commitments.

ACL on Loans

The Company manages its loan portfolio proactively to effectively identify problem credits and assess trends early, implement effective work-out strategies, and take charge-offs as promptly as practical. In addition, the Company continuously reassesses its underwriting standards in response to credit risk posed by changes in economic conditions. The Company monitors and manages credit risk through the following governance structure:
•The Credit Risk and Special Assets team and the Credit Risk Policy Committee, which is an internal management committee comprised of various executives and senior managers across business lines, including Accounting and Finance, Credit Underwriting, Credit Risk and Special Assets, Compliance, and Commercial and Retail Banking, oversee the Company's systems and procedures to monitor the credit quality of its loan portfolio, conduct a loan review program, and maintain the integrity of the loan rating system.
•The adequacy of the ACL is overseen by the Management Provision Committee, which is an internal management committee comprised of various Company executives and senior managers across business lines, including Accounting and Finance, Credit Underwriting, Credit Risk and Special Assets, Compliance, and Commercial and Retail Banking. The Management Provision Committee supports the oversight efforts of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.
•The Directors' Credit Committee of the Board of Directors reviews large credit exposures, monitors external loan review reports, reviews the lending authority for individual loan officers when required, and has approval authority and responsibility for all matters regarding the loan policy and other credit-related policies, including reviewing and monitoring asset quality trends, and concentration levels.
•The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors has approval authority and oversight responsibility for the ACL adequacy and methodology.

Segmentation. For purposes of determining the ACL on loans, the Company disaggregates its loans into portfolio segments. Each portfolio segment possesses unique risk characteristics that are considered when determining the appropriate level of allowance. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company's loan portfolio segments, as determined based on the unique risk characteristics of each, include the following:

Commercial Real Estate - Non-Owner-Occupied. Non-owner-occupied commercial real estate loans are, in substance, all commercial real estate loans that are not categorized by the Company as owner-occupied commercial real estate loans. Non-owner-occupied commercial estate loans are investment properties in which the primary source for repayment of the loan by the borrower is derived from rental income associated with the property or the proceeds of the sale, refinancing, or permanent refinancing of the property. Non-owner-occupied commercial real estate loans consist of mortgage loans to finance investments
in real property that may include, but are not limited to, multi-family residential, commercial/retail office space, industrial/warehouse space, hotels, assisted living facilities and other specific use properties. Construction projects are also included within the non-owner-occupied commercial real estate loan segment until they are completed. Commercial real estate loans typically are written with amortizing payment structures. Collateral values are determined based upon appraisals and evaluations in accordance with established policy guidelines. Maximum loan-to-value ratios at origination are governed by established policy and regulatory guidelines.

Commercial Real Estate - Owner-Occupied. Generally, owner-occupied commercial real estate loans are properties that are owned and operated by the borrower, and the primary source for repayment is the cash flow from the ongoing operations and activities conducted by the borrower's business. Owner-occupied commercial real estate loans consist of mortgage loans to finance investments in real property that may include, but are not limited to, commercial/retail office space, restaurants, educational and medical practice facilities and other specific use properties. Commercial real estate loans are typically written with amortizing payment structures. Collateral values are determined based upon appraisals and evaluations in accordance with established policy guidelines. Maximum loan-to-value ratios at origination are governed by established policy and regulatory guidelines.

Commercial. Commercial loans consist of revolving and term loan obligations extended to business and corporate enterprises for the purpose of financing working capital and/or capital investment. Collateral generally consists of pledges of business assets including, but not limited to, accounts receivable, inventory, plant and equipment, and/or real estate, if applicable. Commercial loans primarily are paid by the operating cash flow of the borrower. Commercial loans may be secured or unsecured.

Residential Real Estate.  Residential real estate loans held in the Company's loan portfolio are made to borrowers who demonstrate the ability to make scheduled payments with full consideration to underwriting factors. Borrower qualifications include favorable credit history combined with supportive income requirements and combined loan-to-value ratios within established policy guidelines. Collateral consists of mortgage liens on one- to four-family residences, including for investment purposes.

Home Equity. Home equity loans and lines of credit are made to qualified individuals and are secured by senior or junior mortgage liens on owner-occupied one- to four-family homes, condominiums, or vacation homes. The home equity loan has a fixed rate and is billed as equal payments comprised of principal and interest. The home equity line of credit has a variable rate and is billed as interest-only payments during the draw period. At the end of the draw period, the home equity line of credit is billed as a percentage of the principal balance plus all accrued interest. Borrower qualifications include favorable credit history combined with supportive income requirements and combined loan-to-value ratios within established policy guidelines.

Consumer. Consumer loan products include personal lines of credit and amortizing loans made to qualified individuals for various purposes such as education, auto loans, debt consolidation, personal expenses or overdraft protection. Borrower qualifications include favorable credit history combined with supportive income and collateral requirements within established policy guidelines, as applicable. Consumer loans may be secured or unsecured.
The following table presents the activity in the ACL on loans for the periods indicated:
Commercial Real Estate
(In thousands)Non-Owner-OccupiedOwner- OccupiedCommercialResidential Real EstateHome EquityConsumerTotal
At or For The Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Beginning balance, December 31, 2023
$16,581 $2,290 $4,869 $10,254 $2,217 $724 $36,935 
Charge-offs— — (309)— — (36)(345)
Recoveries7 — 92 6 80 2 187 
(Credit) provision for loan losses
(1,294)(60)(192)305 63 14 (1,164)
Ending balance, March 31, 2024
$15,294 $2,230 $4,460 $10,565 $2,360 $704 $35,613 
At or For The Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Beginning balance, December 31, 2022
$17,296 $2,362 $5,446 $9,089 $2,225 $504 $36,922 
Charge-offs— — (312)(18)— (4)(334)
Recoveries1 — 99 4 — 3 107 
(Credit) provision for loan losses(973)108 (652)1,737 215 4 439 
Ending balance, March 31, 2023
$16,324 $2,470 $4,581 $10,812 $2,440 $507 $37,134 
At or For The Year Ended December 31, 2023
Beginning balance, December 31, 2022
$17,296 $2,362 $5,446 $9,089 $2,225 $504 $36,922 
Charge-offs— (58)(1,560)(18)— (91)(1,727)
Recoveries19 — 471 44 1 31 566 
(Credit) provision for loan losses(734)(14)512 1,139 (9)280 1,174 
Ending balance, December 31, 2023
$16,581 $2,290 $4,869 $10,254 $2,217 $724 $36,935 

The ACL on loans decreased $1.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024, to $35.6 million. The net decrease over this period was primarily driven by a decrease of $1.3 million in the ACL on loans for the commercial real estate loan portfolio, primarily due to the improvement in the economic outlook primarily for the U.S. and Maine gross domestic product forecast over the Company's forecast period, as compared to December 31, 2023.

At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, total accrued interest receivable on loans, which has been excluded from reported amortized cost basis on loans, was $13.0 million and $12.7 million, respectively, and reported within other assets on the consolidated statements of condition. An allowance was not carried on the accrued interest receivable at either date.

Credit Concentrations

The Company focuses on maintaining a well-balanced and diversified loan portfolio. Despite such efforts, it is recognized that credit concentrations may occasionally emerge as a result of economic conditions, changes in local demand, natural loan growth and runoff. To identify credit concentrations effectively, all commercial and commercial real estate loans are assigned Standard Industrial Classification codes, North American Industry Classification System codes, and state and county codes. Shifts in portfolio concentrations are monitored. As of March 31, 2024, the Company's total exposure to the lessors of nonresidential buildings' industry and lessors of residential buildings' industry were 13% and 11% of total loans and 32% and 28% of total commercial real estate loans, respectively. There were no other industry exposures exceeding 10% of the Company's total loan portfolio as of March 31, 2024.

Credit Quality Indicators

To further identify loans with similar risk profiles, the Company categorizes each portfolio segment into classes by credit risk characteristic and applies a credit quality indicator to each portfolio segment. The indicators for commercial real estate - non-owner-occupied and owner-occupied, commercial and residential real estate portfolio segments are represented by Grades 1 through 10 as outlined below. In general, risk ratings are adjusted periodically throughout the year as updated analysis and review warrants. This process may include, but is not limited to, annual credit and loan reviews, periodic reviews of loan performance metrics, such as delinquency rates, and quarterly reviews of adversely risk rated loans. The Company uses the following definitions when assessing grades for the purpose of evaluating the risk and adequacy of the ACL on loans:
•Grade 1 through 6 — Grades 1 through 6 represent groups of loans that are not subject to adverse criticism as defined in regulatory guidance. Loans in these groups exhibit characteristics that represent low to moderate risks, which is measured using a variety of credit risk criteria, such as cash flow coverage, debt service coverage, balance sheet leverage, liquidity, management experience, industry position, prevailing economic conditions, support from secondary sources of repayment and other credit factors that may be relevant to a specific loan. In general, these loans are supported by properly margined collateral and guarantees of principal parties.
•Grade 7 — Loans with potential weakness (Special Mention). Loans in this category are currently protected based on collateral and repayment capacity and do not constitute undesirable credit risk, but have potential weakness that may result in deterioration of the repayment process at some future date. This classification is used if a negative trend is evident in the obligor’s financial situation. Special mention loans do not sufficiently expose the Company to warrant adverse classification.
•Grade 8 — Loans with definite weakness (Substandard). Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by collateral pledged. Borrowers experience difficulty in meeting debt repayment requirements. Deterioration is sufficient to cause the Company to look to the sale of collateral.
•Grade 9 — Loans with potential loss (Doubtful). Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in the substandard grade with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation of the loan in full highly questionable and improbable. The possibility of some loss is extremely high, but because of specific pending factors that may work to the advantage and strengthening of the asset, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined.
•Grade 10 — Loans with definite loss (Loss). Loans classified as loss are considered uncollectible. The loss classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off the asset because recovery and collection time may be protracted.

The Company periodically reassesses asset quality indicators to reflect appropriately the risk composition of the Company’s loan portfolio. Home equity and consumer loans are not individually risk rated, but rather analyzed as groups taking into account delinquency rates and other economic conditions which may affect the ability of borrowers to meet debt service requirements, including interest rates and energy costs. Performing loans include loans that are current and loans that are past due less than 90 days. Loans that are past due over 90 days and non-accrual loans, including TDRs prior to adoption of ASU 2022-02, are considered non-performing.

Based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of loans by portfolio segment by vintage was as follows as of and for the dates indicated:
(In thousands)
2024
2023202220212020PriorRevolving Loans
Amortized Cost Basis		Revolving Loans
Converted to Term		Total
As of and for the period ended March 31, 2024
Commercial real estate - non-owner-occupied      
Risk rating
Pass (Grades 1-6)$24,940 $110,364 $373,193 $298,334 $144,522 $428,600 $— $— $1,379,953 
Special mention (Grade 7)— 7,997 — — 348 3,566 — — 11,911 
Substandard (Grade 8)539 — 272 — 2,268 7,383 — — 10,462 
Doubtful (Grade 9)— — — — — — — — — 
Total commercial real estate - non-owner-occupied$25,479 $118,361 $373,465 $298,334 $147,138 $439,549 $— $— $1,402,326 
Gross charge-offs for the three months ended
$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Commercial real estate - owner-occupied      
Risk rating
Pass (Grades 1-6)$7,549 $25,991 $51,679 $75,480 $24,167 $101,351 $— $— $286,217 
Special mention (Grade 7)— 545 — 2,242 — 1,869 — — 4,656 
Substandard (Grade 8)— — 399 317 — 9,037 — — 9,753 
Doubtful (Grade 9)— — — — — — — — — 
Total commercial real estate - owner occupied$7,549 $26,536 $52,078 $78,039 $24,167 $112,257 $— $— $300,626 
Gross charge-offs for the three months ended
$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Commercial
      
Risk rating
Pass (Grades 1-6)$6,841 $39,680 $52,095 $53,429 $23,017 $58,186 $121,578 $33,102 $387,928 
Special mention (Grade 7)— 58 236 — — 99 538 159 1,090 
Substandard (Grade 8)— 234 484 357 887 2,108 2,471 1,836 8,377 
Doubtful (Grade 9)— — — — — — — — — 
Total commercial$6,841 $39,972 $52,815 $53,786 $23,904 $60,393 $124,587 $35,097 $397,395 
Gross charge-offs for the three months ended
$— $2 $— $14 $— $218 $25 $50 $309 
Residential Real Estate      
Risk rating
Pass (Grades 1-6)$24,318 $165,392 $533,172 $532,317 $217,904 $285,193 $377 $380 $1,759,053 
Special mention (Grade 7)— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard (Grade 8)— — — 664 — 2,765 — — 3,429 
Doubtful (Grade 9)— — — — — — — — — 
Total residential real estate$24,318 $165,392 $533,172 $532,981 $217,904 $287,958 $377 $380 $1,762,482 
Gross charge-offs for the three months ended
$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Home equity
      
Risk rating
Performing$1,889 $15,937 $22,054 $506 $319 $15,771 $169,846 $13,364 $239,686 
Non-performing— — 288 — — 10 546 144 988 
Total home equity
$1,889 $15,937 $22,342 $506 $319 $15,781 $170,392 $13,508 $240,674 
Gross charge-offs for the three months ended
$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Consumer
      
Risk rating
Performing$1,303 $4,867 $4,344 $1,750 $656 $2,467 $2,144 $— $17,531 
Non-performing— — — — — 6 — — 6 
Total consumer
$1,303 $4,867 $4,344 $1,750 $656 $2,473 $2,144 $— $17,537 
Gross charge-offs for the three months ended
$— $15 $15 $5 $— $— $1 $— $36 
(In thousands)
2023
2022202120202019PriorRevolving Loans
Amortized Cost Basis		Revolving Loans
Converted to Term		Total
As of and for the year ended December 31, 2023
Commercial real estate - non-owner-occupied
Risk rating:
Pass (Grades 1-6)$103,012 $364,777 $296,152 $146,707 $116,777 $320,101 $— $— $1,347,526 
Special mention (Grade 7)7,997 — — 350 33 3,597 — — 11,977 
Substandard (Grade 8)747 450 — 2,287 114 7,345 — — 10,943 
Doubtful (Grade 9)— — — — — — — — — 
Total commercial real estate - non-owner-occupied$111,756 $365,227 $296,152 $149,344 $116,924 $331,043 $— $— $1,370,446 
Gross charge-offs for the year ended
$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Commercial real estate - owner-occupied
Risk rating:
Pass (Grades 1-6)$26,902 $53,550 $76,575 $24,608 $18,728 $89,133 $— $— $289,496 
Special mention (Grade 7)— — 2,355 — — 141 — — 2,496 
Substandard (Grade 8)— 402 320 — — 9,146 — — 9,868 
Doubtful (Grade 9)— — — — — — — — — 
Total commercial real estate - owner-occupied$26,902 $53,952 $79,250 $24,608 $18,728 $98,420 $— $— $301,860 
Gross charge-offs for the year ended$— $— $— $— $— $58 $— $— $58 
Commercial
Risk rating:
Pass (Grades 1-6)$41,871 $54,323 $56,102 $24,338 $25,620 $35,442 $119,119 $36,895 $393,710 
Special mention (Grade 7)45 — 152 195 — 101 660 5 1,158 
Substandard (Grade 8)248 588 296 769 955 1,354 2,415 2,408 9,033 
Doubtful (Grade 9)— — — — — — — — — 
Total commercial$42,164 $54,911 $56,550 $25,302 $26,575 $36,897 $122,194 $39,308 $403,901 
Gross charge-offs for the year ended
$— $68 $137 $31 $20 $1,075 $82 $147 $1,560 
Residential Real Estate
Risk rating:
Pass (Grades 1-6)$160,315 $539,835 $540,980 $220,943 $70,917 $226,126 $370 $386 $1,759,872 
Special mention (Grade 7)— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard (Grade 8)— — 963 — 89 2,454 — — 3,506 
Doubtful (Grade 9)— — — — — — — — — 
Total residential real estate$160,315 $539,835 $541,943 $220,943 $71,006 $228,580 $370 $386 $1,763,378 
Gross charge-offs for the year ended
$— $— $— $— $— $18 $— $— $18 
Home equity
Risk rating:
Performing$15,976 $23,104 $547 $324 $4,124 $12,686 $169,416 $13,405 $239,582 
Non-performing— — — — — 11 527 221 759 
Total home equity$15,976 $23,104 $547 $324 $4,124 $12,697 $169,943 $13,626 $240,341 
Gross charge-offs for the year ended
$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Consumer
Risk rating:
Performing$5,525 $4,908 $2,068 $815 $345 $2,279 $2,191 $— $18,131 
Non-performing— — 5 — — 32 — — 37 
Total consumer$5,525 $4,908 $2,073 $815 $345 $2,311 $2,191 $— $18,168 
Gross charge-offs for the year ended$2 $19 $31 $14 $8 $4 $13 $— $91 
Past Due and Non-Accrual Loans

The Company closely monitors the performance of its loan portfolio. A loan is placed on non-accrual status when the financial condition of the borrower is deteriorating, payment in full of both principal and interest is not expected as scheduled, or principal or interest has been in default for 90 days or more. Exceptions may be made if the asset is secured by collateral sufficient to satisfy both the principal and accrued interest in full and collection is reasonably assured. When one loan to a borrower is placed on non-accrual status, all other loans to the borrower are re-evaluated to determine if they should also be placed on non-accrual status. All previously accrued and unpaid interest is reversed at this time. A loan will return to accrual status when collection of principal and interest is assured and the borrower has demonstrated timely payments of principal and interest for a reasonable period, generally at least six months. Unsecured loans, however, are not normally placed on non-accrual status because they are generally charged-off once their collectability is in doubt.

The following is a loan aging analysis by portfolio segment (including loans past due over 90 days and non-accrual loans) and loans past due over 90 days and accruing as of the following dates:
(In thousands)30-59 Days
Past Due		60-89 Days
Past Due		90 Days or Greater
Past Due		Total
Past Due		CurrentTotal Loans
Outstanding		Loans > 90
Days Past
Due and
Accruing
March 31, 2024       
Commercial real estate - non-owner-occupied$— $— $7 $7 $1,402,319 $1,402,326 $— 
Commercial real estate - owner-occupied92 — — 92 300,534 300,626 
Commercial346 203 620 1,169 396,226 397,395 — 
Residential real estate834 192 967 1,993 1,760,489 1,762,482 — 
Home equity696 382 164 1,242 239,432 240,674 — 
Consumer50 1 6 57 17,480 17,537 — 
Total$2,018 $778 $1,764 $4,560 $4,116,480 $4,121,040 $— 
December 31, 2023       
Commercial real estate - non-owner-occupied$44 $41 $184 $269 $1,370,177 $1,370,446 $— 
Commercial real estate - owner-occupied655 — — 655 301,205 301,860 — 
Commercial1,153 1,199 1,155 3,507 400,394 403,901 — 
Residential real estate1,317 322 1,094 2,733 1,760,645 1,763,378 — 
Home equity521 451 301 1,273 239,068 240,341 — 
Consumer85 8 5 98 18,070 18,168 — 
Total$3,775 $2,021 $2,739 $8,535 $4,089,559 $4,098,094 $— 
The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans on non-accrual status by portfolio segment as of the dates indicated:
March 31,
2024
December 31,
2023
(In thousands)Non-Accrual Loans With an AllowanceNon-Accrual Loans Without an AllowanceTotal Non-Accrual LoansNon-Accrual Loans With an AllowanceNon-Accrual Loans Without an AllowanceTotal Non-Accrual Loans
Commercial real estate - non-owner-occupied$82 $— $82 $261 $— $261 
Commercial real estate - owner-occupied123 — 123 125 — 125 
Commercial1,980 — 1,980 1,725 — 1,725 
Residential real estate2,473 — 2,473 2,541 — 2,541 
Home equity994 — 994 759 — 759 
Consumer6 — 6 37 — 37 
Total$5,658 $— $5,658 $5,448 $— $5,448 

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by portfolio segment and collateral type, as of the dates indicated:
March 31,
2024
December 31,
2023
Collateral Type
Total Collateral -Dependent Loans
Collateral Type
Total Collateral -Dependent Loans
(In thousands)Real EstateReal Estate
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied
$4,493 $4,493 $4,494 $4,494 
Commercial
— — 671 671 
Total$4,493 $4,493 $5,165 $5,165 

Collateral-dependent loans are loans for which repayment is expected to be provided substantially by the underlying collateral and there are no other available and reliable sources of repayment.

Interest income that would have been recognized if loans on non-accrual status had been current in accordance with their original terms is estimated to have been $43,000 and $25,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The Company's policy is to reverse previously recorded accrued interest income when a loan is placed on non-accrual. As a result, the Company did not record any interest income on its non-accrual loans for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

Loan Modifications for Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

Effective January 1, 2023, the Company evaluates all loan modifications in accordance with ASU 2022-02. Under ASU 2022-02, a loan is evaluated to consider whether the loan, as modified, represents a new loan or is a continuation of an existing loan.

The Company offers several types of loan and receivables modification programs to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, primarily interest rate reductions and term extensions. In such instances, the Company may modify loans and receivables with the intention to minimize future losses and improve collectability, while providing customers with temporary or permanent financial relief. There were no loans modified for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.
The Company closely monitors the performance of loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts and relevant factors are considered while assessing the adequacy of the ACL. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, there were no modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were past due or for which the borrower subsequently defaulted.

In-Process Foreclosure Proceedings

At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had $952,000 and $1.1 million, respectively, of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which foreclosure proceedings were in process.

FHLB Advances

FHLB advances are those borrowings from the FHLBB greater than 90 days. FHLB advances are collateralized by a blanket lien on qualified collateral consisting primarily of loans with first mortgages secured by one- to four-family properties, certain commercial real estate loans, certain pledged investment securities and other qualified assets. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the combined carrying value of residential real estate and commercial loans pledged as collateral was $1.9 billion.

Refer to Notes 3 and 6 of the consolidated financial statements for discussion of securities pledged as collateral.