BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Acronyms and Abbreviations. The acronyms and abbreviations identified below are used in the notes to the consolidated financial statements. The following is provided to aid the reader and provide a reference page when reviewing the notes to the consolidated financial statements.



AFS:	Available-for-sale	GAAP:	Generally accepted accounting principles in the United States
ALCO:	Asset/Liability Committee	HPFC:	Healthcare Professional Funding Corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Camden National Bank
ALL:	Allowance for loan losses	HTM:	Held-to-maturity
AOCI:	Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	HUD:	U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
ASC:	Accounting Standards Codification	IRS:	Internal Revenue Service
ASU:	Accounting Standards Update	LIBOR:	London Interbank Offered Rate
Bank:	Camden National Bank, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Camden National Corporation	LTIP:	Long-Term Performance Share Plan
BOLI:	Bank-owned life insurance	Management ALCO:	Management Asset/Liability Committee
Board ALCO:	Board of Directors' Asset/Liability Committee	MBS:	Mortgage-backed security
CCTA:	Camden Capital Trust A, an unconsolidated entity formed by Camden National Corporation	MSPP:	Management Stock Purchase Plan
CDs:	Certificate of deposits	N/A:	Not applicable
Company:	Camden National Corporation	N.M.:	Not meaningful
CMO:	Collateralized mortgage obligation	OCC:	Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
DCRP:	Defined Contribution Retirement Plan	OCI:	Other comprehensive income (loss)
EPS:	Earnings per share	OREO:	Other real estate owned
FASB:	Financial Accounting Standards Board	OTTI:	Other-than-temporary impairment
FDIC:	Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation	SBM:	SBM Financial, Inc., the parent company of The Bank of Maine, that was acquired by Camden National Corporation
FHA:	Federal Housing Authority	SERP:	Supplemental executive retirement plans
FHLB:	Federal Home Loan Bank	Tax Act:	Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, enacted on December 22, 2017
FHLBB:	Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston	TDR:	Troubled-debt restructured loan
FHLMC:	Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation	UBCT:	Union Bankshares Capital Trust I, an unconsolidated entity formed by Union Bankshares Company that was subsequently acquired by Camden National Corporation
FNMA:	Federal National Mortgage Association	U.S.:	United States of America
FRB:	Federal Reserve System Board of Governors	2003 Plan:	2003 Stock Option and Incentive Plan
FRBB:	Federal Reserve Bank of Boston	2012 Plan:	2012 Equity and Incentive Plan

General Business. Camden National Corporation, a Maine corporation (the "Company"), is the bank holding company for Camden National Bank (the "Bank") and is headquartered in Camden, Maine. The primary business of the Company is to attract deposits from, and to extend loans to, consumer, institutional, municipal, non-profit and commercial customers. The Company, through the Bank, offers commercial and consumer banking products and services, and through Camden Financial Consultants, a division of the Bank, and Camden National Wealth Management, a department of the Bank, offers brokerage and insurance services as well as investment management and fiduciary services. The Bank's deposits are insured by the FDIC, subject to regulatory limits.

Principles of Consolidation. The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and the Bank (which includes the consolidated accounts of HPFC, Property A, Inc. and Property P, Inc.). All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Assets held by the Bank in a fiduciary capacity, through Camden National Wealth Management, are not assets of the Company and, therefore, are not included in the consolidated statements of condition. The Company also owns 100% of the common stock of CCTA and UBCT. These entities are unconsolidated subsidiaries of the Company.

Reclassifications. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year amounts to conform to the current year's presentation.

Use of Estimates. The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could vary from these estimates as a result of changing conditions and future events. Several estimates are particularly critical and are susceptible to significant near-term change, including the ALL, the accounting for business combinations including subsequent impairment analyses for goodwill and other intangible assets, accounting for income taxes, postretirement benefits, and asset impairment assessments, including the assessment of OTTI of investment securities.

Subsequent Events. The Company has evaluated events and transactions subsequent to December 31, 2019 for potential recognition or disclosure as required by GAAP.

Significant Concentration of Credit Risk. The Company makes loans primarily to customers in Maine, Massachusetts and New Hampshire. Although it has a diversified loan portfolio, a large portion of the Company's loans are secured by commercial or residential real estate and is subject to real estate market volatility within these states. Furthermore, the debtors' ability to honor their contracts is highly dependent upon other economic factors throughout Maine, Massachusetts and New Hampshire. The Company does not generally engage in non-recourse lending and typically will require the principals of any commercial borrower to obligate themselves personally on the loan.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash. For the purposes of reporting, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and amounts due from banks. The Company is required by the FRB to maintain cash reserves equal to a percentage of deposits. The Company maintains the reserve balances in cash on hand or at the FRB.

Certain cash balances will be designated as restricted as required by certain contracts with unrelated third parties.

Investments. Debt investments for which the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as HTM and recorded at amortized cost on the consolidated statements of condition. Debt investments that are not classified as HTM or trading are classified as AFS and are carried at fair value on the Company's consolidated statements of condition with subsequent changes to fair value recorded within AOCI, net of tax.

For periods prior to January 1, 2018, the Company's investments in equity securities with a readily determinable fair value may have been classified as trading or AFS. The classification was determined at the time of purchase and reflected the Company's corporate goals and objectives. For such periods, equity securities with a readily determinable fair value classified as AFS were carried on the consolidated statements of condition at fair value. Subsequent changes to fair value were accounted for within AOCI, net of tax, on consolidated statements of condition. The Company did not have any equity securities with a readily determinable fair value classified as trading as of December 31, 2017.

Effective January 1, 2018, upon adoption of ASU No. 2016-01, Income Statement- Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Liabilities ("ASU 2016-01"), equity investments may no longer be designated and accounted for as AFS securities, with the change in fair value recognized within AOCI, net of tax. Instead, the change in fair value of equity investments with a readily determinable fair value are to be recognized within net income and carried at fair value on the balance sheet. Upon adoption of ASU 2016-01, a cumulative-effect adjustment of $198,000 was recorded to reclassify the unrealized gain, net of tax, on the Company's equity securities with a readily determinable fair value as of January 1, 2018, previously designated as AFS, from AOCI to retained earnings. This provision of ASU 2016-01 was applied prospectively. For the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded the change in fair value for its equity securities with a readily determinable fair value within other income on the consolidated statements of income. Refer to Note 2 for further details.

Management conducts a quarterly review and evaluation of its debt investments designated as AFS or HTM and, prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-01, effective January 1, 2018, conducted a quarterly review of its equity investments designated as AFS to determine if the decline in fair value of any security appeared to be other-than-temporary. The factors considered included, but were not limited to: the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, the credit ratings of the security or issuer, whether the decline in fair value appears to be issuer specific or, alternatively, a reflection of general market or industry conditions, and the Company’s intent and ability to hold the security for a period of time sufficient to allow for a recovery in fair value.

For its debt investments classified as AFS or HTM that it does not intend to sell and is not more-likely-than-not will be required to sell before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the other-than-temporary decline in the fair value of the debt security related to: (i) credit loss is recognized in non-interest income on the consolidated statements of income; and (ii) other factors is recognized in AOCI, net of tax. For the Company's debt securities it intends to sell and/or more-likely-than-not will be required to sell before recovery of amortized cost, an OTTI is recorded equal to the entire difference between the debt investment's amortized cost basis and its fair value within non-interest income on the consolidated statements of income.

Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-01, for the Company's equity investments with a readily determinable fair value classified as AFS, for which the Company determined that the decline in the fair value was other-than-temporary, the Company would recognize the impairment within non-interest income on the consolidated statements of income when identified. Upon adoption of ASU 2016-01, effective January 1, 2018, the change in fair value of the Company's equity investments with a readily determinable fair value are recorded within net income and are no longer assessed for OTTI.

The Company, through the Bank, is a member of the FHLBB and FRBB, and, as a member, is required to hold a certain amount of FHLBB and FRB common stock. These equity stocks are non-marketable and are outside the scope of ASU 2016-01, and are reported at cost within other investments on the consolidated statements of condition. The Company evaluates its FHLBB and FRB common stock for impairment based on the ultimate recoverability of the par value rather than by recognizing temporary declines in value.

Purchase premiums and discounts are recognized in interest income on the consolidated statements of income using the interest method over the period to maturity or issuer call option date, if earlier, and are recorded on the trade date.

Upon sale of an investment security, the realized gain or loss on the sale is recognized within non-interest income on the consolidated statements of income. The cost basis of our investments sold is determined using the specific identification method.

Loans Held for Sale. The Company has elected the fair value option for loans classified as held for sale on the consolidated statements of condition. Designation of loans as held for sale is determined based on the Company's intent and is, typically, completed as the loans are underwritten. The fair value for loans held for sale is determined using quoted secondary market prices. Management consistently evaluates the Company's loan portfolio in conjunction with asset/liability management practices, and will opt to sell certain residential mortgage loans to manage the Company's interest rate exposure and for other business purposes, including generating fee income through mortgage sale gains.

Originated Loans and Acquired Loans. Loans are reported at amortized cost, or fair value in the case of acquired loans, adjusted for any partial charge-offs and net of any deferred loan fees or costs. For originated loans, interest income is accrued based upon the daily principal amount outstanding except for loans on non-accrual status. For acquired loans, interest income is also accrued based upon the daily principal amount outstanding and is then further adjusted by the accretion of any discount or amortization of any premium associated with the loan.

For originated loans, loan fees and certain direct origination costs are deferred and amortized into interest income over the contractual term of the loan using the level-yield method. When a loan is paid off, the unamortized portion is recognized in interest income.

A loan is classified as non-accrual generally when it becomes 90 days past due as to interest or principal payments, or sooner if management considers such action to be prudent. All previously accrued but unpaid interest on non-accrual loans is reversed from interest income in the period in which the loan is considered delinquent and the amortization of any unamortized net deferred origination loan fees/costs stops. Interest payments received on non-accrual loans, including impaired loans, are applied as a reduction of principal. A loan remains on non-accrual status until all principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. Should a loan transition from non-accrual status back to accrual status, the unrecognized interest earned during the period the loan was on non-accrual status and unamortized deferred origination fees and costs are recognized over the remaining contractual life of the loan using the level-yield method.

ALL. The ALL is established through provisions for loan losses charged to income. Losses on loans, including impaired loans, are charged to the ALL when all or a portion of a loan is deemed to be uncollectible. Recoveries of loans previously charged off are credited to the ALL when realized.

In determining the appropriate level of ALL, the Company uses a methodology to systematically measure the amount of estimated loan loss exposure inherent in the loan portfolio. The methodology includes three elements: (1) identification of loss allocations for certain specific loans, (2) loss allocation factors for certain loan types based on credit risk and loss experience, and (3) general loss allocations for other qualitative and economic factors.

The allocations for specific loans is determined based on loans that have a principal balance of $500,000 or more that are classified as substandard or doubtful and are on non-accrual status. Such loans are classified as impaired and an allowance is established when the discounted expected future cash flows (or collateral value or observable market price) of the impaired loan is lower than the recorded investment of that loan. Loans that do not meet the above criteria are separated into risk pools by portfolio segment and risk ratings. The Company then evaluates each risk pool collectively for impairment through loss allocation factors.

The Company uses a risk rating system for certain loan segments to determine the credit quality of these loan pools and applies the related loss allocation factors. In assessing the risk rating of a particular loan, the Company considers, among other factors, the obligor’s debt capacity, financial condition, the level of the obligor’s earnings, the amount and sources of repayment, the performance with respect to loan terms, the adequacy of collateral, the level and nature of contingent liabilities, management strength, and the industry in which the obligor operates. These factors are based on an evaluation of historical information, as well as subjective assessment and interpretation of current conditions. Emphasizing one factor over another, or considering additional factors that may be relevant in determining the risk rating of a particular loan but which are not currently an explicit part of the Company's methodology, could impact the risk rating assigned to that loan.

The Company at least annually, and more frequently as deemed prudent by management, reassesses and revises the loss allocation factors used in the assignment of loss exposure to appropriately reflect the analysis of loss experience. Portfolios of more homogeneous populations of loans including home equity and consumer loans are analyzed as groups taking into account delinquency rates and other economic conditions that may affect the ability of borrowers to meet debt service requirements, including interest rates and energy costs. The Company also considers regulatory guidance, historical loss ranges, portfolio composition, and other changes in the portfolio. An additional allocation is determined based on a judgmental process whereby management considers qualitative and quantitative assessments of other environmental factors.

Since the methodology is based upon historical experience and trends, as well as management’s judgment, factors may arise that result in different estimations. Significant factors that could give rise to changes in these estimates may include, but are not limited to, changes in economic conditions in the Company’s market areas, concentration of risk, declines in local property values, and regulatory guidance.

Loans past due 30 days or more are considered delinquent. In general, secured loans that are delinquent for 90 consecutive days are placed on non-accrual status, and are subject to impairment and/or loss assessment in accordance with established internal policy. In general, unsecured loans that are delinquent for 90 consecutive days are charged off.

In cases where a borrower experiences financial difficulties and the Company makes certain concessionary modifications to contractual terms, the loan is classified as a TDR. Modifications may include adjustments to interest rates, extensions of maturity, and other actions intended to minimize economic loss and avoid foreclosure or repossession of collateral. An allowance is established on a loan classified as a TDR if the present value of expected future cash flows (or, alternatively, the observable market price of the loan or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral-dependent) is less than the recorded investment of the loan. Non-accrual loans that are restructured as TDRs remain on non-accrual status for a period of at least six months to demonstrate that the borrower can meet the restructured terms. If the restructured loan is on accrual status prior to being modified, it is reviewed to determine if the modified loan should remain on accrual status. If the borrower’s ability to meet the revised payment schedule is not reasonably assured, the loan is classified as a non-accrual loan. Loans classified as TDRs remain classified as such for the life of the loan, except in limited circumstances, when it is determined that the borrower is performing under the modified terms and the restructuring agreement specified an interest rate greater than or equal to an acceptable market rate for a comparable new loan at the time of the restructuring.

Goodwill and Core Deposit Intangible Assets. Goodwill represents the excess cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired. Goodwill is not subject to amortization but rather is evaluated at least annually for impairment, or as events and circumstances dictate, at the reporting unit level. Any impairment is charged to non-interest expense on the consolidated statements of income.

The Company evaluates goodwill for impairment annually as of November 30^th, or more frequently as warranted by external and/or internal factors. The Company may utilize a qualitative analysis (commonly referred to as "Step Zero") and/or a quantitative analysis to evaluate goodwill for impairment. The Company has the option to by-pass the qualitative analysis for any given year and perform the quantitative analysis.

Using a qualitative analysis to assess goodwill for impairment, the Company will consider various factors to determine if it is more-likely-than-not that its carrying value of its reporting unit exceeds its fair value. These factors include, but are not limited to, the overall macro-economic environment; industry economic and regulatory environment; and company specific factors, including, but not limited to, performance, Company common stock share price, competition and/or significant changes in senior management. Should the Company determine it is more-likely-than-not that the carrying value of its reporting unit exceeds its fair value, then it would then perform the next step of the goodwill impairment test, which is a quantitative analysis. If the Company were to determine it is not more-likely-than-not that the carrying value of its reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the Company would have completed its goodwill impairment evaluation and concluded goodwill was not impaired.

After performing the qualitative analysis and determining it is more-likely-than-not that the carrying value of its reporting unit exceeds its fair value or if the Company by-passed the qualitative analysis, it would perform a quantitative analysis to determine if the carrying value of its reporting unit exceeds its fair value (i.e. "Step 1"). The Company may use various valuation techniques such as a discounted cash flow model, a comparative market transaction multiple approach and/or other valuation methods, to determine the reporting unit's fair value. If the reporting unit's fair value exceeds its carrying value, then goodwill is not impaired and no further assessment is required. However, if the reporting unit's fair value is less than its carrying value, the Company would then be required to determine the fair value of tangible and identifiable intangible assets and liabilities for the reporting unit, to derive an implied fair value of goodwill (i.e. "Step 2"). If the reporting unit's implied fair value of goodwill exceeds its carrying value, then goodwill is not impaired. However, if the reporting unit's implied fair value of goodwill is less than its carrying value, an impairment charge is recorded to carry goodwill at its calculated implied fair value.

The Company completed its annual goodwill impairment testing for its reporting unit as of November 30, 2019 using the qualitative analysis and it was determined that it was not more-likely-than-not that its carrying value exceeded its fair value. As such, goodwill was not impaired as of November 30, 2019.

Goodwill was tested for impairment as of November 30, 2018 and 2017 and was not impaired.

Core deposit intangible assets represents the estimated value of acquired customer relationships and is amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated life of those relationships. Core deposit intangibles are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If necessary, management will test the core deposit intangibles for impairment by comparing their carrying value to the expected undiscounted cash flows of the assets. If the undiscounted cash flows of the intangible assets exceed their carrying value then the intangible assets are deemed to be fully recoverable and not impaired. However, if the undiscounted cash flows of the intangible assets are less than their carrying value then management must compare the fair value of the intangible assets to its carrying value. If the fair value of the intangible assets exceeds their carrying value then the intangible assets are not impaired. If the fair value of the intangible assets is less than its carrying value then an impairment charge is recorded to mark the carrying value of the intangible assets to fair value. For the year ended December 31, 2019, 2018 or 2017, there were no events or changes in circumstances that indicated the carrying amount may not be recoverable.

BOLI. BOLI represents the cash surrender value of life insurance policies on the lives of certain active and retired employees where the Company is the beneficiary and is recorded as an asset on the consolidated statements of condition. Increases in the cash surrender values of the policies, as well as death benefits received, net of any cash surrender value, are recorded in non-interest income on the consolidated statements of income, and are not subject to income taxes. The Company reviews the financial strength of the insurance carriers prior to the purchase of life insurance policies and no less than annually thereafter. A life insurance policy with any individual carrier is limited to 15% of Tier 1 capital (as defined for regulatory purposes) and the total cash surrender value of life insurance policies is limited to 25% of Tier 1 capital.

Premises and Equipment. Premises and equipment purchased in normal course are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation, while premises and equipment obtained through the acquisition of a company or branch acquisition are stated at their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date less accumulated depreciation that occurred subsequent to the acquisition date.

Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the term of the respective lease or the estimated life of the improvement. Land is carried at cost.

Repairs and maintenance costs that are not an improvement or do not extend the estimated useful life of the asset are expensed as incurred.

Software costs, including cloud-based software licenses that qualify as internal-use software, are stated at cost less accumulated amortization within other assets on the consolidated statements of condition. Amortization expense is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Cloud-based software costs that do not qualify as internal-use software are capitalized as service contracts within other assets on the consolidated statements of condition and expensed ratably over the term of the contract period.

OREO. OREO properties acquired through foreclosure or deed-in-lieu of foreclosure are recorded initially at estimated fair value less estimated costs to sell. Any write-down of the recorded investment in the related loan is charged to the ALL upon transfer to OREO. Upon acquisition of a property, a current appraisal is used or an internal valuation is prepared to substantiate fair value of the property. Any subsequent declines in the fair value of a property are recorded as a valuation allowance on the asset. Any subsequent increases in the fair value of a property are recorded as reductions of the valuation allowance, but not below zero. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, OREO properties were carried within other assets on the consolidated statements of condition at $94,000 and $130,000, respectively.

Upon a sale of an OREO property, any excess of the carrying value over the sale proceeds is recognized as a loss on sale. Any excess of sale proceeds over the carrying value of the OREO property is first applied as a recovery to the valuation allowance, if any, with the remainder being recognized as a gain on sale.

Operating expenses, including legal and other direct expenses, and changes in the valuation allowance relating to foreclosed assets are included in other non-interest expense on the consolidated statements of income.

Mortgage Banking. Residential real estate mortgages are originated by the Company both for its portfolio and for sale into the secondary market. The transfer of these financial assets is accounted for as a sale when control over the asset has been surrendered. Control is deemed to be surrendered when (i) the asset has been isolated from the Company, (ii) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred asset, and (iii) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred asset through an agreement to repurchase it before its maturity. The Company records the gain on sale of the financial asset within mortgage banking income, net on the consolidated statements of income, net of direct and indirect costs incurred to originate the loan.

Servicing assets are recognized as separate assets when servicing rights are acquired through the sale of residential mortgage loans with servicing rights retained. Capitalized servicing rights are initially recorded at fair value and reported within other assets on the consolidated statements of condition and recognized as income within non-interest income on the consolidated statements of income. Servicing rights are amortized in proportion to, and over the period of, the estimated future servicing of the underlying mortgages (typically, the contractual life of the mortgage). The amortization of mortgage servicing rights is recorded as a reduction of loan servicing fee income within non-interest income on the consolidated statements of income.

Servicing assets are evaluated for impairment quarterly based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to amortized cost. Impairment is determined by stratifying rights by predominant characteristics, such as interest rates and terms. Fair value is determined using prices for similar assets with similar characteristics, when available, or based upon discounted cash flows using market-based assumptions. Impairment of the servicing assets is recognized through a valuation allowance to the extent that fair value is less than the capitalized amount. If it is later determined that all or a portion of the impairment no longer exists, a reduction of the allowance may be recorded increasing income, but not below zero.

Servicing fee income is recorded for fees earned for servicing loans for investors. The fees are based on a contractual percentage of the outstanding principal or a fixed amount per loan and are recorded as income within non-interest income on the consolidated statements of income when earned.

Short-Term and Long-Term Borrowings. Short-term borrowings are those that upon origination are scheduled to mature within one year. The Company's short-term borrowings may include, but are not limited to, FHLBB overnight and FHLBB advances, customer repurchase agreements, federal funds purchased, and line of credit advances.

Long-term borrowings are those that upon origination are scheduled to mature in one or more years. The Company's long-term borrowings may include, but are not limited to, FHLBB advances, subordinated debentures, and wholesale repurchase agreements.

The Company is required to post collateral for certain borrowings, for which it generally posts loans and/or investment securities as collateral.

Income Taxes. Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax implications attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. If current information suggests that it is not more-likely than-not that the Company will not be able to realize the deferred tax assets, a valuation allowance is established. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

The Company assesses quarterly whether or not a valuation allowance on its deferred tax assets is necessary. If it is more- likely-than-not that the Company will not be able to realize the benefit of the deferred tax assets, then a valuation allowance is established on the deferred tax asset not expected to be realized. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company did not carry a valuation allowance on its deferred tax assets.

The Company accounts for its windfall tax benefits and shortfalls within income tax expense on the consolidated statements of income as a discrete period item in the period generated.

EPS. Basic EPS excludes dilution and is computed by dividing net income applicable to common stock by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if certain securities or other contracts to issue common stock (such as stock options) were exercised or converted into additional common shares that would then share in the earnings of the Company. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net income applicable to common stock by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period, plus an incremental number of common-equivalent shares computed using the treasury stock method.

Unvested share-based payment awards which include the right to receive non-forfeitable dividends are considered to participate with common stock in undistributed earnings for purposes of computing EPS. Restricted share grants and management stock purchase grants are considered participating securities for this purpose. Accordingly, the Company is required to calculate basic and diluted EPS using the two-class method. The calculation of EPS using the two-class method (i) excludes any dividends paid or owed on participating securities and any undistributed earnings considered to be attributable to participating securities from the numerator and (ii) excludes the dilutive impact of the participating securities from the denominator.

Postretirement Plans. The Company sponsors various retirement plans for current and former employees, including a SERP for certain officers of the Company and a postretirement health care and life insurance plan to certain eligible retired employees. The SERP and postretirement benefit plans are unfunded and have no plan assets, and the Company has recorded a liability on the consolidated statements of condition.

For the SERP, benefit obligations are estimated using the projected unit credit method. Under this method, each participant's benefits are attributed to years of service, taking into consideration future salary increases and the SERP's benefit allocation formula. Thus, the estimated total pension to which each participant is expected to become entitled to at retirement is broken down into units, each associated with a year of past or future credited service. For the SERP, an individual's estimated attributed benefit for valuation purposes related to a particular separation date is the benefit described under the SERP based on credited service as of the measurement date, but determined using the projected salary that would be used in the calculation estimate of the benefit on the expected separation date.

The Company has obligations with various active and retired employees related to certain postretirement benefits. The obligations are based on the employee's date of hire and years of service through retirement, with the associated cost recognized over the requisite service period. Under the plan, the postretirement benefit amount the Company will pay for any given year for an individual is capped. Furthermore, the Company's obligation exists until the participant qualifies for Medicare. The accrual methodology results in an accrued amount at the full eligibility date equal to the then present value of all of the future benefits expected to be paid.

Net periodic benefits cost (credit) includes service costs and interest costs based on the assumed discount rate, amortization of prior service costs due to plan amendments and/or amortization of actuarial gains or losses. As prior service costs and actuarial gains or losses are amortized, they are reclassified from AOCI on the consolidated statements of condition into other expenses on the consolidated statements of income. The amortization of actuarial gains and losses is determined using the 10% corridor minimum amortization approach and is taken over the average remaining future working lifetime of the plan participants.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The Company receives a portion of its non-interest income from contracts with customers. ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) ("ASC 606") was adopted by the Company on January 1, 2018. Refer to Note 16 for further details.

Stock-Based Compensation. The fair value of restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and stock options is determined on the grant date. For restricted stock awards and units, compensation is recognized ratably over the requisite service period equal to the fair value of the award. For stock option awards, the fair value is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Compensation expense for stock option awards is recognized ratably over the requisite service period equal to the fair value of the award. For performance-based share awards, the Company estimates the degree to which performance conditions will be met to determine the number of shares that will vest and the related compensation expense. Compensation expense is adjusted in the period such estimates change.

The Company does not assume an estimated forfeiture rate on its nonvested share-based awards in its reporting of share-based compensation expense. Should a share-based award be forfeited, the Company would reverse all associated compensation expense previously recorded on the nonvested shares.

Off-Balance Sheet Credit Related Financial Instruments. In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into commitments to extend credit, including commercial letters of credit and standby letters of credit. Such financial instruments are recorded as loans when they are funded. Refer to Note 11 for further details.

Derivative Financial Instruments Designated as Hedges. The Company recognizes all derivatives in the consolidated statements of condition at fair value. On the date the Company enters into the derivative contract, the Company designates the derivative as a hedge of either a forecasted transaction or the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability (“cash flow hedge”), a hedge of the fair value of a recognized asset or liability or of an unrecognized firm commitment (“fair value hedge”), or a held for trading instrument (“trading instrument”). The Company formally documents relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk management objectives and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. The Company also assesses, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are effective in offsetting changes in cash flows or fair values of hedged items. Changes in fair value of a derivative that is effective and that qualifies as a cash flow hedge are recorded in OCI and are reclassified into earnings when the forecasted transaction or related cash flows affect earnings. Changes in fair value of a derivative that qualifies as a fair value hedge and the change in fair value of the hedged item are both recorded in earnings and offset each other when the transaction is effective. Those derivatives that are classified as trading instruments are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in earnings. The Company discontinues hedge accounting when it determines that the derivative is no longer effective in offsetting changes in the cash flows of the hedged item, that it is unlikely that the forecasted transaction will occur, or that the designation of the derivative as a hedging instrument is no longer appropriate.

The Company adopted ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities ("ASU 2017-12") in the fourth quarter of 2018. ASU 2017-12 required the Company to apply the requirements to existing hedging relationships on the date of adoption, and the effect of the adoption on retained earnings was reflected as of January 1, 2018. The guidance did not have an impact on the Company's derivatives that qualified as hedges on the date of adoption, and, thus, no adjustment was made to beginning retained earnings. In conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2017-12, the Company made the transition election to reclassify $92.0 million in book value of securities from HTM to AFS that qualified.

Segment Reporting. Operating segments are the components of an entity for which separate financial information is available and evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision-maker in order to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company's chief operating decision-maker assesses consolidated financial results to make operating and strategic decisions, assess performance, and allocate resources. Therefore, the Company has determined that its business is conducted in one reportable segment and represents the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2019

ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) ("ASU 2016-02"): In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02 to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and liabilities (including operating leases) on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. Current lease accounting does not require the inclusion of operating leases in the balance sheet.

Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU 2016-02, using the following practical expedients for transitional relief provided for within the subsequent issuance of ASU No. 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements ("ASU 2018-11"):


•	An entity need not reassess whether any expired or existing contract is or contains a lease.


•	An entity need not reassess the lease classification for any expired or existing leases.


•	An entity need not reassess initial direct costs for any existing leases.


•	An entity may elect to apply hindsight to leases that existed during the period from the beginning of the earliest period presented in the financial statements until the effective date.


•	A modified retrospective transition method, which allows companies to apply ASU 2016-02 at the date of adoption and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption.

In conjunction with the adoption of Topic 842, the Company made the following accounting policy elections:


•	For leases with a term of 12 months or less, a right-of-use asset or lease liability will not be recognized on the consolidated statements of condition.


•	For non-real estate leased assets with individual undiscounted contractual cash flows of less than $500,000 over the reasonable certain term of the lease, a right-of -use asset or lease liability will not be recognized on the consolidated statements of condition as the lease is considered immaterial to the Company's financial statements.

The Company completed its assessment and implementation process for ASU 2016-02 and recorded operating and finance lease right-of-use assets of $12.1 million and lease liabilities of $12.3 million on the consolidated statements of condition within other assets and other liabilities, respectively, on January 1, 2019. Because the modified retrospective transition method was used, the Company did not revise prior period presentation on its consolidated statement of income. The adoption of the ASU did not have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements, which included a cumulative-effect adjustment of $254,000 to retained earnings on January 1, 2019. Refer to Note 6 for further details.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements to be Adopted in 2020

ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("ASU 2016-13"), updated by ASU No. 2018-19 - Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Codification improvements to Topic 326 ("ASU 2018-19"), and ASU No. 2019-05, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Targeted Transition Relief ("ASU 2019-05"). The FASB issued ASU 2016-13, commonly referred to as “CECL,” to require timelier recording of credit losses on loans and other financial instruments held by financial institutions and other organizations.

The Company will adopt ASU 2016-13, as amended, effective January 1, 2020, using a modified retrospective approach and will record a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings. The measurement of expected credit losses under CECL is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables and HTM debt securities. CECL also applies to certain off-balance sheet credit exposures, such as loan commitments, standby letters of credit, financial guarantees and other similar investments. In addition, ASU 2016-13 made changes to the accounting for AFS debt securities as a company will no longer immediately write-down a security for any impairment deemed to be a credit loss. Instead, a company will be required to present credit losses on AFS debt securities as an allowance on investments if it does not intend to sell the impaired security or it is not more-likely-than-not required to sell the impaired security before recovery of its amortized cost basis.

The Company assembled a cross-functional project team that met regularly to address the additional data requirements, to determine the approach for implementation and to identify new internal controls over enhanced accounting processes for estimating the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”). This included assessing the adequacy of existing loan and loss data, as well as assessing models for default and loss estimates. The Company is currently working to finalize its internal CECL policy and internal control framework.

The Company has substantially completed the development of its process for estimation of the allowance for loan losses and off-balance sheet exposures (i.e. ACL). To estimate the allowance for loan losses, the Company will primarily utilize a discounted cash flow model that contains additional assumptions to calculate credit losses over the estimated life of financial assets and will include the impact of forecasted economic conditions. To estimate the off-balance sheet credit exposures, which are primarily unfunded loan commitments, the Company will apply certain assumptions, including, but not limited to, a funding assumption and expected loss rate.

The Company has performed a parallel calculation as of December 31, 2019, comparing the allowance for loan losses calculated under current accounting guidance, commonly referred to as the “Incurred Model,” to the ACL calculated under CECL. Upon adoption of CECL in the first quarter of 2020, the Company anticipates that it will result in an immaterial impact to its consolidated financial statements, including the ACL and retained earnings, as well as the Company and Bank’s regulatory capital ratios.

ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment ("ASU 2017-04"): The FASB issued ASU 2017-04 to reduce the cost and complexity of the goodwill impairment test. To simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill, "Step 2" of the goodwill impairment test was eliminated. Instead, in accordance with ASU 2017-04, a Company will recognize an impairment of goodwill to the extent the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value (i.e. "Step 1"). The Company will adopt ASU 2017-04 on January 1, 2020.

Effective January 1, 2020, prospectively the Company will no longer give consideration to "Step 2" when performing its goodwill impairment test. The Company does not expect the ASU to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.