Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Accounting Policies Recently Adopted and Pending Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Pronouncements

The following table summarizes ASUs issued by the FASB that were adopted during the six months ended June 30, 2019 or not yet adopted as of June 30, 2019, that could have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements:



Standard	Description	Required Date of Adoption	Effect on the Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters
Standards Adopted in 2019
ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) and subsequent related ASUs	These ASUs create and amend ASC Topic 842, Leases, which supersedes ASC Topic 840, Leases. ASC Topic 842 requires lessees to recognize right-of-use assets and associated liabilities that arise from leases, with the exception of short-term leases. These ASUs do not make significant changes to lessor accounting; however, there were certain improvements made to align lessor accounting with the lessee accounting model and ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Furthermore, there are several new qualitative and quantitative disclosures required for lessees and lessors, including updated guidance around the presentation of certain cash receipts on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.	January 1, 2019	The Company adopted these ASUs on January 1, 2019, using a modified retrospective transition approach as of the date of adoption, which resulted in the recognition of $1.2 billion and $1.3 billion in right-of-use assets and associated lease liabilities, respectively, arising from operating leases in which the Company is the lessee, on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. The amount of the right-of-use assets and associated lease liabilities recorded upon adoption was based primarily on the present value of unpaid future minimum lease payments, the amount of which was based on the population of leases in effect at the date of adoption. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities recorded on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets each totaled $1.2 billion at June 30, 2019. Upon adoption, the Company also recognized a cumulative effect adjustment of $31 million to increase the beginning balance of retained earnings (as of January 1, 2019) for deferred gains on sale-leaseback transactions that occurred prior to the date of adoption and for other transition provisions. These ASUs did not have a material impact on the timing of expense or income recognition in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income. Furthermore, effective January 1, 2019, the Company prospectively changed its presentation of certain cash receipts related to sales-type and direct financing leases in which it is the lessor on its Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Specifically, the Company began including on its Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows the interest portion of lessee payments received from sales-type and direct financing leases within operating activities, with the principal portion remaining within investing activities. For periods prior to the date of adoption, interest payments were not retrospectively reclassified and remain within investing activities. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company included $36 million and $70 million, respectively, of interest payments received from these sales-type and direct financing leases within operating activities on its Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. For additional information and required disclosures related to ASC 842, see Note 10, “Leases.”



Standard	Description	Required Date of Adoption	Effect on the Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters
Standards Not Yet Adopted
ASU 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (Topic 326) and subsequent related ASUs	These ASUs create and amend ASC Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, which replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology with a current expected credit loss methodology for financial instruments measured at amortized cost and other commitments to extend credit. For this purpose, expected credit losses reflect losses over the remaining contractual life of an asset, considering the effect of voluntary prepayments and considering available information about the collectability of cash flows, including information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The resulting allowance for credit losses is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial assets to reflect the net amount expected to be collected on the financial assets. Additional quantitative and qualitative disclosures are required upon adoption. The change to the allowance for credit losses at the time of the adoption will be made with a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings. Although the current expected credit loss methodology does not apply to AFS debt securities, these ASUs do require entities to record an allowance when recognizing credit losses for AFS securities, rather than recording a direct write-down of the carrying amount.	January 1, 2020 Early adoption is permitted.	The Company formed a cross-functional team to oversee the implementation of these ASUs. A detailed implementation plan was developed and progress is nearly complete in regards to the identification and staging of data, development and validation of models, refinement of economic forecasting processes, and documentation of accounting policy decisions. Additionally, a new credit loss forecasting process has been implemented. In conjunction with this implementation, the Company modified the internal control environment, as appropriate. In the first half of 2019, the Company performed testing in which methodologies, processes, and internal controls were evaluated and refined. The Company will perform full parallel runs of the new methodology in the third and fourth quarters of 2019. The full parallel runs will emulate a regular estimation process including internal controls, supporting analytics, reserve estimation, documentation, subject matter expert reviews, and execution of the governance and approval process. Based on the results of these full parallel runs, the Company plans to further refine its processes and methodology prior to the adoption of these ASUs. The Company plans to adopt these ASUs on January 1, 2020, and it continues to evaluate the impact that these ASUs will have on its Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures. The Company anticipates that an increase to the allowance for credit losses will be recognized upon adoption to provide for the expected credit losses over the estimated life of the financial assets. The magnitude of the increase will depend on economic conditions and trends in the Company’s portfolio at the time of adoption.
ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment	This ASU amends ASC Topic 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other, to simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill, by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. The amendments require an entity to perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. This ASU requires an entity to recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which a reporting unit's carrying amount exceeds its fair value, with the loss limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The ASU must be applied on a prospective basis.	January 1, 2020 Early adoption is permitted.	Based on the Company’s most recent qualitative goodwill impairment assessment performed as of October 1, 2018, there were no reporting units for which it was more-likely-than-not that the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeded its respective fair value; therefore, this ASU would not currently have an impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements or related disclosures. However, if subsequent to adoption, the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its respective fair value, the Company would be required to recognize an impairment charge for the amount that the carrying value exceeds the fair value.
ASU 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract	This ASU amends ASC Subtopic 350-40, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software, to align the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). The Company may apply this ASU either retrospectively, or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption.	January 1, 2020 Early adoption is permitted.	The Company’s current accounting policy for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement generally aligns with the requirements of this ASU; therefore, the Company's adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements or related disclosures.