NOTE 10 - DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The Company enters into various derivative financial instruments, both in a dealer capacity to facilitate client transactions and as an end user as a risk management tool. ALCO monitors all derivative activities. When derivatives have been entered into with clients, the Company generally manages the risk associated with these derivatives within the framework of its VAR approach that monitors total daily exposure and seeks to manage the exposure on an overall basis. Derivatives are also used as a risk management tool to hedge the Company’s balance sheet exposure to changes in identified cash flow and fair value risks, either economically or in accordance with hedge accounting provisions. The Company’s Corporate Treasury function is responsible for employing the various hedge accounting strategies to manage these objectives. Additionally, as a normal part of its operations, the Company enters into IRLCs on mortgage loans that are accounted for as freestanding derivatives and has certain contracts containing embedded derivatives that are carried, in their entirety, at fair value. All freestanding derivatives and any embedded derivatives that the Company bifurcates from the host contracts are carried at fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheets in trading assets, other assets, trading liabilities, or other liabilities. The associated gains and losses are either recognized in AOCI, net of tax, or within the Consolidated Statements of Income depending upon the use and designation of the derivatives.

Credit and Market Risk Associated with Derivatives

Derivatives expose the Company to credit risk. The Company minimizes the credit risk of derivatives by entering into transactions with counterparties with defined exposure limits based on credit quality that are reviewed periodically by the Company’s Credit Risk Management division. The Company’s derivatives may also be governed by an ISDA or other master agreement, and depending on the nature of the derivative, bilateral collateral agreements are typically in place as well. When the Company has more than one outstanding derivative transaction with a single counterparty and there exists a legal right of offset with that counterparty, the Company considers its exposure to the counterparty to be the net market value of its derivative positions with that counterparty if an asset, adjusted for held collateral. At March 31, 2013, net derivative asset positions were $1.6 billion, representing the $2.5 billion of derivative gains adjusted for collateral of $0.9 billion that the Company held in relation to these gain positions. At December 31, 2012, net derivative asset positions were $1.8 billion, representing $2.6 billion of derivative gains, adjusted for collateral of $0.8 billion that the Company held in relation to these gain positions.

Derivatives also expose the Company to market risk. Market risk is the adverse effect that a change in market factors, such as interest rates, currency rates, equity prices, or implied volatility, has on the value of a derivative. The Company manages the market risk associated with its derivatives by establishing and monitoring limits on the types and degree of risk that may be undertaken. The Company continually measures this risk associated with its derivatives designated as trading instruments using a VAR methodology.

Derivative instruments are priced with observable market assumptions at a mid-market valuation point, with appropriate valuation adjustments for liquidity and credit risk. For purposes of valuation adjustments to its derivative positions, the Company has evaluated liquidity premiums that may be demanded by market participants, as well as the credit risk of its counterparties and its own credit. The Company has considered factors such as the likelihood of default by itself and its counterparties, its net exposures, and remaining maturities in determining the appropriate fair value adjustments to recognize. Generally, the expected loss of each counterparty is estimated using the Company’s internal risk rating system. The risk rating system utilizes counterparty-specific PD and LGD estimates to derive the expected loss. For counterparties that are rated by national rating agencies, those ratings are also considered in estimating the credit risk. Additionally, counterparty exposure is evaluated by offsetting positions that are subject to master netting arrangements, as well as by considering the amount of marketable collateral securing the position. All counterparties and defined exposure limits are explicitly approved. Counterparties are regularly reviewed and appropriate business action is taken to adjust the exposure to certain counterparties, as necessary. This approach is also used by the Company to estimate its own credit risk on derivative liability positions. The Company adjusted the net fair value of its derivative contracts for estimates of net counterparty credit risk by approximately $34 million and $29 million at March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively.

The majority of the Company’s derivatives contain contingencies that relate to the creditworthiness of the Bank. These contingencies, which are contained in industry standard master netting agreements, may be considered events of default. Should the Bank be in default under any of these provisions, the Bank’s counterparties would be permitted to close-out net at amounts that would approximate the then-fair values of the derivatives resulting in a single sum due by one party to the other. The counterparties would have the right to apply any collateral posted by the Bank against any net amount owed by the Bank. Additionally, certain of the Company’s derivative liability positions, totaling $1.4 billion in fair value at March 31, 2013 and $1.3 billion at December 31, 2012, contain provisions conditioned on downgrades of the Bank’s credit rating. These provisions, if triggered, would either give rise to an ATE that permits the counterparties to close-out net and apply collateral or, where a CSA is present, require the Bank to post additional collateral. At March 31, 2013, the Bank carried senior long-term debt ratings of A3/BBB+ from three of the major ratings agencies. At the current rating level, ATEs have been triggered for approximately $8 million in fair value liabilities as of March 31, 2013. For illustrative purposes, if the Bank were downgraded to Baa3/BBB-, ATEs would be triggered in derivative liability contracts that had a total fair value of $4 million at March 31, 2013; ATEs do not exist at lower ratings levels. At March 31, 2013, $1.4 billion in fair value of derivative liabilities were subject to CSAs, against which the Bank has posted $1.3 billion in collateral, primarily in the form of cash. If requested by the counterparty pursuant to the terms of the CSA, the Bank would be required to post estimated additional collateral against these contracts at March 31, 2013, of $5 million if the Bank were downgraded to Baa3/BBB-, and any further downgrades to Ba1/BB+ or below would require the posting of an additional $9 million. Such collateral posting amounts may be more or less than the Bank’s estimates based on the specified terms of each CSA as to the timing of a collateral calculation and whether the Bank and its counterparties differ on their estimates of the fair values of the derivatives or collateral.

Notional and Fair Value of Derivative Positions

The following tables present the Company’s derivative positions at March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012. The notional amounts in the tables are presented on a gross basis and have been classified within Asset Derivatives or Liability Derivatives based on the estimated fair value of the individual contract at March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012. Gross positive and gross negative fair value amounts associated with respective notional amounts are presented without consideration of any netting agreements, including collateral arrangements. For contracts constituting a combination of options that contain a written option and a purchased option (such as a collar), the notional amount of each option is presented separately, with the purchased notional amount generally being presented as an Asset Derivative and the written notional amount being presented as a Liability Derivative. For contracts that contain a combination of options, the fair value is generally presented as a single value with the purchased notional amount if the combined fair value is positive, and with the written notional amount, if the combined fair value is negative.



	March 31, 2013¹
	Asset Derivatives					Liability Derivatives
(Dollars in millions)	Balance Sheet Classification	Notional Amounts		Fair Value		Balance Sheet Classification	Notional Amounts		Fair Value
Derivatives designated in cash flow hedging relationships ²
Interest rate contracts hedging
Floating rate loans	Trading assets		$17,350		$720	Trading liabilities		$—		$—
Total		17,350		720			—		—
Derivatives designated in fair value hedging relationships ³
Interest rate contracts covering:
Fixed rate debt	Trading assets	1,000		62		Trading liabilities	—		—
Total		1,000		62			—		—
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments ⁴
Interest rate contracts covering:
Fixed rate debt	Trading assets	—		—		Trading liabilities	60		10
MSRs	Other assets	3,330		89		Trading/Other liabilities	13,093		47
LHFS, IRLCs ⁵	Other assets	5,767		10		Other liabilities	7,151		32
Trading activity ⁶	Trading assets	80,747		4,966		Trading liabilities	85,887		4,732
Foreign exchange rate contracts covering:
Commercial loans	Trading assets	32		2		Trading liabilities	—		—
Trading activity	Trading assets	2,309		65		Trading liabilities	2,094		63
Credit contracts covering:
Loans	Trading/Other assets	—		—		Other liabilities	477		8
Trading activity ⁷	Trading assets	1,819		58		Trading liabilities	1,827		52
Equity contracts - Trading activity ⁶	Trading assets	19,350		1,467		Trading liabilities	26,577		1,820
Other contracts:
IRLCs and other ⁸	Trading/Other assets	6,508		99		Other liabilities	347		1
Commodities	Trading assets	239		30		Trading liabilities	239		30
Total		120,101		6,786			137,752		6,795
Total derivatives			$138,451		$7,568			$137,752		$6,795

¹The Company offsets cash collateral paid to and received from derivative counterparties when the derivative contracts are subject to master netting arrangements and meet the derivative offsetting requirements. The effects of offsetting on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2013, are presented in Note 12, "Fair Value Election and Measurement." In some situations, trading derivatives are offset with derivatives used for risk management purposes that are recorded in other assets or other liabilities. As a result, the Company may reclass balances between trading assets or liabilities and other assets or other liabilities based on the predominant account.

² See “Cash Flow Hedges” in this Note for further discussion.

³ See “Fair Value Hedges” in this Note for further discussion.

⁴ See “Economic Hedging and Trading Activities” in this Note for further discussion.

⁵ Amount includes $1.3 billion of notional amounts related to interest rate futures. These futures contracts settle in cash daily, one day in arrears. The derivative asset or liability associated with the one day lag is included in the fair value column of this table.

⁶ Amounts include $19.4 billion and $1.8 billion of notional related to interest rate futures and equity futures, respectively. These futures contracts settle in cash daily, one day in arrears. The derivative assets/liabilities associated with the one day lag are included in the fair value column of this table.

⁷ Asset and liability amounts include $3 million and $4 million of notional from purchased and written credit risk participation agreements, respectively, whose notional is calculated as the notional of the derivative participated adjusted by the relevant RWA conversion factor.

⁸ Includes a notional amount that is based on the number of Visa Class B shares, 3.2 million, the conversion ratio from Class B shares to Class A shares, and the Class A share price at the derivative inception date of May 28, 2009. This derivative was established upon the sale of Class B shares in the second quarter of 2009 as discussed in Note 11, “Reinsurance Arrangements and Guarantees.” The fair value of the derivative liability, which relates to a notional amount of $134 million, is immaterial and is recognized in other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.



	December 31, 2012¹
	Asset Derivatives					Liability Derivatives
(Dollars in millions)	Balance Sheet Classification	Notional Amounts		Fair Value		Balance Sheet Classification	Notional Amounts		Fair Value
Derivatives designated in cash flow hedging relationships ²
Interest rate contracts hedging:
Floating rate loans	Trading assets	17,350		771		Trading liabilities	—		—
Total		17,350		771			—		—
Derivatives designated in fair value hedging relationships ³
Interest rate contracts covering:
Fixed rate debt	Trading assets	1,000		61		Trading liabilities	—		—
Total		1,000		61			—		—
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments⁴
Interest rate contracts covering:
Fixed rate debt	Trading assets	—		—		Trading liabilities	60		10
MSRs	Other assets	6,185		150		Trading/Other liabilities	12,643		33
LHFS, IRLCs, LHFI-FV ⁵	Other assets	2,333		6		Other liabilities	7,076		15
Trading activity ⁶	Trading assets	81,930		6,044		Trading liabilities	86,037		5,777
Foreign exchange rate contracts covering:
Foreign-denominated debt and commercial loans	Trading assets	—		—		Trading liabilities	34		—
Trading activity	Trading assets	2,451		66		Trading liabilities	2,326		63
Credit contracts covering:
Loans	Trading/Other assets	—		—		Other liabilities	445		8
Trading activity ⁷	Trading assets	1,958		55		Trading liabilities	2,081		49
Equity contracts - Trading activity ⁶	Trading assets	15,748		1,342		Trading liabilities	22,184		1,529
Other contracts:
IRLCs and other ⁸	Trading/Other assets	6,783		132		Other liabilities	142		1
Commodities	Trading assets	255		29		Trading liabilities	255		29
Total		117,643		7,824			133,283		7,514
Total derivatives			$135,993		$8,656			$133,283		$7,514

² See “Cash Flow Hedges” in this Note for further discussion.

³See "Fair Value Hedges" in this Note for further discussion.

⁴ See “Economic Hedging and Trading Activities” in this Note for further discussion.

⁵ Amount includes $1.7 billion of notional amounts related to interest rate futures. These futures contracts settle in cash daily, one day in arrears. The derivative liability associated with the one day lag is included in the fair value column of this table.

⁶ Amounts include $16.2 billion and $0.8 billion of notional related to interest rate futures and equity futures, respectively. These futures contracts settle in cash daily, one day in arrears. The derivative asset associated with the one day lag is included in the fair value column of this table.

⁷ Asset and liability amounts each include $3 million of notional from purchased and written interest rate swap risk participation agreements, respectively, whose notional is calculated as the notional of the interest rate swap participated adjusted by the relevant RWA conversion factor.

Impact of Derivatives on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Shareholders’ Equity

The impacts of derivatives on the Consolidated Statements of Income and the Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, are presented below. The impacts are segregated between those derivatives that are designated in hedging relationships and those that are used for economic hedging or trading purposes, with further identification of the underlying risks in the derivatives and the hedged items, where appropriate. The tables do not disclose the financial impact of the activities that these derivative instruments are intended to hedge.




	Three Months Ended March 31, 2013
(Dollars in millions)	Amount of pre-tax gain/(loss) recognized in OCI on Derivatives (Effective Portion)		Classification of gain reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion)	Amount of pre-tax gain reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion)
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships:
Interest rate contracts hedging floating rate loans¹		$1	Interest and fees on loans		$87

¹During the three months ended March 31, 2013, the Company reclassified $27 million in pre-tax gains from AOCI into net interest income. These gains related to hedging relationships that have been previously terminated or de-designated and are reclassified into earnings in the same period in which the forecasted transaction occurs.



	Three Months Ended March 31, 2013
(Dollars in millions)	Amount of loss on Derivatives recognized in Income			Amount of gain on related Hedged Items recognized in Income		Amount of gain recognized in Income on Hedges (Ineffective Portion)
Derivatives in fair value hedging relationships:
Interest rate contracts hedging fixed rate debt¹		($5	)		$6		$1

¹Amounts are recognized in trading income in the Consolidated Statements of Income.



(Dollars in millions)	Classification of gain/(loss) recognized in Income on Derivatives	Amount of gain/(loss) recognized in Income on Derivatives for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2013
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate contracts covering:
MSRs	Mortgage servicing related income		($56	)
LHFS, IRLCs	Mortgage production related income	35
Trading activity	Trading income	8
Foreign exchange rate contracts covering:
Commercial loans	Trading income	2
Trading activity	Trading income	12
Credit contracts covering:
Loans	Other income	(1		)
Trading activity	Trading income	5
Equity contracts - trading activity	Trading income	1
Other contracts:
IRLCs	Mortgage production related income	102
Total			$108

The impacts of derivatives on the Consolidated Statements of Income and the Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2012, are presented below:



	Three Months Ended March 31, 2012
(Dollars in millions)	Amount of pre-tax gain/(loss) recognized in OCI on Derivatives (Effective Portion)			Classification of gain reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion)	Amount of pre-tax gain reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion)
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships:
Equity contracts hedging Securities AFS		($58	)			$—
Interest rate contracts hedging Floating rate loans¹	50			Interest and fees on loans	83
Total		($8	)			$83

¹During the three months ended March 31, 2012, the Company also reclassified $69 million in pre-tax gains from AOCI into net interest income. These gains related to hedging relationships that have been previously terminated or de-designated and are reclassified into earnings in the same period in which the forecasted transaction occurs.



	Three Months Ended March 31, 2012
(Dollars in millions)	Amount of gain/(loss) on Derivatives recognized in Income			Amount of gain/(loss) on related Hedged Items recognized in Income			Amount of gain/(loss) recognized in Income on Hedges (Ineffective Portion)
Derivatives in fair value hedging relationships:
Interest rate contracts hedging Fixed rate debt¹		($1	)		$1			$—
Interest rate contracts hedging Securities AFS	1			(1		)	—
Total		$—			$—			$—

¹Amounts are recognized in trading income in the Consolidated Statements of Income.



(Dollars in millions)	Classification of gain/(loss) recognized in Income on Derivatives	Amount of gain/(loss) recognized in Income on Derivatives for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2012
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate contracts covering:
MSRs	Mortgage servicing related income		($73	)
LHFS, IRLCs, LHFI-FV	Mortgage production related income	(35		)
Trading activity	Trading income	27
Foreign exchange rate contracts covering:
Commercial loans	Trading income	15
Trading activity	Trading income	3
Credit contracts covering:
Loans	Trading income	(3		)
Trading activity	Trading income	6
Equity contracts - trading activity	Trading income	4
Other contracts:
IRLCs	Mortgage production related income	184
Total			$128

Credit Derivatives

As part of its trading businesses, the Company enters into contracts that are, in form or substance, written guarantees: specifically, CDS, swap participations, and TRS. The Company accounts for these contracts as derivatives and, accordingly, recognizes these contracts at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in trading income in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

The Company writes CDS, which are agreements under which the Company receives premium payments from its counterparty for protection against an event of default of a reference asset. In the event of default under the CDS, the Company would either net cash settle or make a cash payment to its counterparty and take delivery of the defaulted reference asset, from which the Company may recover all, a portion, or none of the credit loss, depending on the performance of the reference asset. Events of default, as defined in the CDS agreements, are generally triggered upon the failure to pay and similar events related to the issuer(s) of the reference asset. At March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, all written CDS contracts reference single name corporate credits or corporate credit indices. When the Company has written CDS, it has generally entered into offsetting CDS for the underlying reference asset, under which the Company paid a premium to its counterparty for protection against an event of default on the reference asset. The counterparties to these purchased CDS are generally of high creditworthiness and typically have ISDA master netting agreements in place that subject the CDS to master netting provisions, thereby, mitigating the risk of non-payment to the Company. As such, at March 31, 2013 the Company did not have any significant risk of making a non-recoverable payment on any written CDS. During 2013 and 2012, the only instances of default on written CDS were driven by credit indices with constituent credit default. In all cases where the Company made resulting cash payments to settle, the Company collected like amounts from the counterparties to the offsetting purchased CDS. At March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the written CDS had remaining terms ranging from less than one year to three years. The maximum guarantees outstanding at March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, as measured by the gross notional amounts of written CDS, were $52 million. At March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the gross notional amounts of purchased CDS contracts, which represent benefits to, rather than obligations of, the Company, were $60 million and $175 million, respectively. The fair values of written CDS were $3 million and $1 million at March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, and the fair values of purchased CDS were $1 million and less than $1 million at March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively.

The Company has also entered into TRS contracts on loans. The Company’s TRS business consists of matched trades, such that when the Company pays depreciation on one TRS, it receives the same amount on the matched TRS. To mitigate its credit risk, the Company typically receives initial cash collateral from the counterparty upon entering into the TRS and is entitled to additional collateral if the fair value of the underlying reference assets deteriorates. At March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, there were $1.8 billion and $1.9 billion of outstanding and offsetting TRS notional balances, respectively. The fair values of the TRS derivative assets and liabilities at March 31, 2013, were $55 million and $52 million, respectively, and related collateral held at March 31, 2013, was $266 million. The fair values of the TRS derivative assets and liabilities at December 31, 2012, were $51 million and $46 million, respectively, and related collateral held at December 31, 2012, was $282 million.

The Company writes risk participations, which are credit derivatives, whereby the Company has guaranteed payment to a dealer counterparty in the event that the counterparty experiences a loss on a derivative, such as an interest rate swap, due to a failure to pay by the counterparty’s customer (the “obligor”) on that derivative. The Company monitors its payment risk on its risk participations by monitoring the creditworthiness of the obligors, which is based on the normal credit review process the Company would have performed had it entered into the derivatives directly with the obligors. The obligors are all corporations or partnerships. However, the Company continues to monitor the creditworthiness of its obligors and the likelihood of payment could change at any time due to unforeseen circumstances. To date, no material losses have been incurred related to the Company’s written risk participations. At March 31, 2013, the remaining terms on these risk participations generally ranged from less than one year to thirteen years with a weighted average on the maximum estimated exposure of 6.8 years. The Company’s maximum estimated exposure to written risk participations, as measured by projecting a maximum value of the guaranteed derivative instruments based on interest rate curve simulations and assuming 100% default by all obligors on the maximum values, was approximately $27 million and $20 million at March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively. The fair values of the written risk participations were less than $1 million at March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012. As part of its trading activities, the Company may enter into purchased risk participations to mitigate credit exposure to a derivative counterparty.

Cash Flow Hedges

The Company utilizes a comprehensive risk management strategy to monitor sensitivity of earnings to movements in interest rates. Specific types of funding and principal amounts hedged are determined based on prevailing market conditions and the shape of the yield curve. In conjunction with this strategy, the Company may employ various interest rate derivatives as risk management tools to hedge interest rate risk from recognized assets and liabilities or from forecasted transactions. The terms and notional amounts of derivatives are determined based on management’s assessment of future interest rates, as well as other factors.

Interest rate swaps have been designated as hedging the exposure to the benchmark interest rate risk associated with floating rate loans. At March 31, 2013, the maximum range of hedge maturities for hedges of floating rate loans was less than one year to four years, with the weighted average being 2.1 years. Ineffectiveness on these hedges was less than $1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012. At March 31, 2013, $380 million of the deferred net gains on derivatives that are recognized in AOCI are expected to be reclassified to net interest income over the next twelve months in connection with the recognition of interest income on these hedged items. The amount to be reclassified into income includes both active and terminated or de-designated cash flow hedges. The Company may choose to terminate or de-designate a hedging relationship in this program due to a change in the risk management objective for that specific hedge item, which may arise in conjunction with an overall balance sheet management strategy.

Fair Value Hedges

During 2011, the Company entered into interest rate swap agreements, as part of the Company’s risk management objectives for hedging its exposure to changes in fair value due to changes in interest rates. These hedging arrangements converted Company-issued fixed rate senior long-term debt to floating rates. Consistent with this objective, the Company reflects the accrued contractual interest on the hedged item and the related swaps as part of current period interest. There were no components of derivative gains or losses excluded in the Company’s assessment of hedge effectiveness related to the fair value hedges.

Economic Hedging and Trading Activities

In addition to designated hedging relationships, the Company also enters into derivatives as an end user as a risk management tool to economically hedge risks associated with certain non-derivative and derivative instruments, along with entering into derivatives in a trading capacity with its clients.

The primary risks that the Company economically hedges are interest rate risk, foreign exchange risk, and credit risk. Economic hedging objectives are accomplished by entering into offsetting derivatives either on an individual basis or collectively on a macro basis and generally accomplish the Company’s goal of mitigating the targeted risk. To the extent that specific derivatives are associated with specific hedged items, the notional amounts, fair values, and gains/(losses) on the derivatives are illustrated in the tables in this footnote.


•	The Company utilizes interest rate derivatives to mitigate exposures from various instruments.

◦

The Company is subject to interest rate risk on its fixed rate debt. As market interest rates move, the fair value of the Company’s debt is affected. To protect against this risk on certain debt issuances that the Company has elected to carry at fair value, the Company has entered into pay variable-receive fixed interest rate swaps that decrease in value in a rising rate environment and increase in value in a declining rate environment.


◦	The Company is exposed to risk on the returns of certain of its brokered deposits that are carried at fair value. To hedge against this risk, the Company has entered into interest rate derivatives that mirror the risk profile of the returns on these instruments.


◦	The Company is exposed to interest rate risk associated with MSRs, which the Company hedges with a combination of mortgage and interest rate derivatives, including forward and option contracts, futures, and forward rate agreements.


◦	The Company enters into mortgage and interest rate derivatives, including forward contracts, futures, and option contracts to mitigate interest rate risk associated with IRLCs and mortgage LHFS.


•	The Company was exposed to foreign exchange rate risk associated with certain commercial loans.


•	The Company enters into CDS to hedge credit risk associated with certain loans held within its Wholesale Banking segment. The Company accounts for these contracts as derivatives and, accordingly, recognizes these contracts at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in other income in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

•

Trading activity, as illustrated in the tables within this footnote, primarily includes interest rate swaps, equity derivatives, CDS, futures, options and foreign currency contracts. These derivatives are entered into in a dealer capacity to facilitate client transactions or are utilized as a risk management tool by the Company as an end user in certain macro-hedging strategies. The macro-hedging strategies are focused on managing the Company’s overall interest rate risk exposure that is not otherwise hedged by derivatives or in connection with specific hedges and, therefore, the Company does not specifically associate individual derivatives with specific assets or liabilities.