QuickLinks -- Click here to rapidly navigate through this document

EXHIBIT 1

JOINT FILING AGREEMENT

    Each of the undersigned acknowledges and agrees that the foregoing statement on Schedule 13D is filed on behalf of the undersigned and that all subsequent amendments to this statement on Schedule 13D shall be filed on behalf of the undersigned without the necessity of filing additional joint acquisition statements. Each of the undersigned acknowledges that it shall be responsible for the timely filing of such amendments, and for the completeness and accuracy of the information concerning it contained therein, but shall not be responsible for the completeness and accuracy of the information concerning the other, except to the extent that he or it knows or has reason to believe that such information is inaccurate.

Dated as of this 14^th day of December, 2001.

OAKTREE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
By:	/s/ JOHN FRANK John Frank Managing Director and General Counsel
OCM OPPORTUNITIES FUND, L.P.
By: Oaktree Capital Management, LLC Its: General Partner
By:	/s/ JOHN FRANK John Frank Managing Director and General Counsel
OCM PRINCIPAL OPPORTUNITIES FUND, L.P.
By: Oaktree Capital Management, LLC Its: General Partner
By:	/s/ JOHN FRANK John Frank Managing Director and General Counsel

QuickLinks

EXHIBIT 1

JOINT FILING AGREEMENT