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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
We consider new evidence (both positive and negative) at each reporting date that could affect our view of the future realization of deferred tax assets. We evaluate information such as historical financial results, historical taxable income, projected future taxable income, expected timing of the reversals of existing temporary differences and available prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in our analysis.
As more fully described in Note 1, on September 27, 2021, we entered into a definitive agreement to sell our Sports Betting business to Endeavor Group Holdings, Inc. in a taxable cash and stock transaction, expected to close in the second quarter of 2022. Although we remain in a three-year cumulative loss position in the U.S., the taxable gain to be recognized upon disposition of our Sports Betting business leads us to conclude that a portion of our net U.S. federal and certain state deferred tax assets are more likely than not to be realized. Accordingly, to the extent that we expect to realize deferred tax assets in relation to this divestiture, we reversed our valuation allowances on our U.S. deferred income tax assets in the three months ended September 30, 2021. This reversal resulted in a $181 million income tax benefit recognized as a discrete event in the quarter.
On October 27, 2021, we announced that we had entered into a definitive agreement to sell our Lottery business to Brookfield in a taxable cash transaction for total consideration of $6.05 billion (see Note 1 for additional details). As a result of this transaction, which is expected to close in the second quarter of 2022, we believe that there is a reasonable possibility that additional existing U.S. federal and certain state valuation allowances could be released within the next twelve months. If released, they may have a significant impact on net income in the quarter in which it is deemed appropriate to release the reserve.
We continue to maintain other valuation allowances for certain U.S. and non-U.S. jurisdictions with cumulative losses.
Our income tax benefit (including discrete items) was $172 million and $164 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and our income tax expense was $3 million and $8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. In 2021, our effective tax rate differs from the U.S. statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the aforementioned release in the third quarter of 2021 of certain valuation allowances recorded against our U.S. federal and state net deferred tax assets. In all periods, we recorded tax expense relative to pre-tax earnings in jurisdictions without valuation allowances, including our 19% noncontrolling interest in SciPlay. Additionally, our rate is impacted by an unfavorable adjustment for the legacy U.K. Gaming reporting unit goodwill impairment of $54 million recorded in the first quarter of 2020, which was not deductible for tax purposes.
As discussed in Note 1, the COVID-19 disruptions significantly impacted certain segments of our business during 2020 and 2021. We considered the COVID-19 disruptions in our ability to realize deferred tax assets in the future and determined that such conditions did not change our overall valuation allowance positions. Additionally, we continue to monitor and evaluate the tax implications resulting from any existing and forthcoming legislation passed in response to COVID-19 in the federal, state, and foreign jurisdictions where we have an income tax presence.