Restructuring and other

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Restructuring and other includes charges or expenses attributable to: (i) employee severance; (ii) management restructuring and related costs; (iii) restructuring and integration; (iv) cost savings initiatives; (v) major litigation; and (vi) acquisition related and other unusual items. The following table summarizes pre-tax restructuring and other costs for the periods presented:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2020		2019		2018
Employee severance and related(1)	$	41	$	9	$	37
Acquisition-related costs(2)	—		—		8
Contingent acquisition consideration(3)	—		2		29
Legal and related(4)	—		—		152
Restructuring, integration and other	26		17		27
Total	$	67	$	28	$	253

(1) The year ended December 31, 2020 includes $32 million in severance and other benefits granted to employees as a result of COVID-19 related austerity measures. (2) The year ended December 31, 2018, includes $8 million related to NYX acquisition. (3) Represents contingent consideration fair value adjustment (see Note 16). (4) In the fourth quarter of 2018 we settled our previous litigation with ShuffleTech for $152 million.