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Fair Value of Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset and liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. We estimate the fair value of our assets and liabilities when required using an established three-level hierarchy in accordance with ASC 820.

The fair value of our financial assets and liabilities is determined by reference to market data and other valuation techniques as appropriate. We believe the fair value of our financial instruments, which are principally cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, other current assets, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, approximates their recorded values. Our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are described below.

Derivative Financial Instruments

As of December 31, 2019, we held the following derivative instruments that were accounted for pursuant to ASC 815:

Interest Rate Swap Contracts

We currently use interest rate swap contracts as described below to manage exposure to interest rate fluctuations by reducing the uncertainty of future cash flows on our variable rate debt.

In February 2018, we entered into interest rate swap contracts to hedge a portion of our interest expense associated with our variable rate debt to effectively fix the interest rate that we pay. These interest rate swap contracts are designated as cash flow hedges under ASC 815. We pay interest at a weighted-average fixed rate of 2.4418% and receive interest at a variable rate equal to one-month LIBOR. The total notional amount of interest rate swaps outstanding was $800 million as of December 31, 2019. These hedges mature in February 2022.

These hedges are highly effective in offsetting changes in our future expected cash flows due to the fluctuation in the one-month LIBOR rate associated with our variable rate debt. We qualitatively monitor the effectiveness of these hedges on a quarterly basis. As a result of the effective matching of the critical terms on our variable rate interest expense being hedged to the hedging instruments being used, we expect these hedges to remain highly effective.

All gains and losses from these hedges are recorded in Other comprehensive income (loss) until the future underlying payment transactions occur. Any realized gains or losses resulting from the hedges are recognized (together with the hedged transaction) as interest expense. We estimate the fair value of our interest rate swap contracts by discounting the future cash flows of both the fixed rate and variable rate interest payments based on market yield curves. The inputs used to measure the fair value of our interest rate swap contracts are categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy as established by ASC 820.

The following table shows the gains (losses) and interest expense on our interest rate swap contracts:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018		2017
Losses recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax	$	(11	)	$	—	$	(4	)
Interest expense recorded related to interest rate swap contracts	1			3		7

We do not expect to reclassify material amounts from Accumulated other comprehensive loss to interest expense in the next twelve months.

The following table shows the effect of interest rate swap contracts designated as cash flow hedges on the consolidated statements of operations:



	Year Ended December 31, 2019			Year Ended December 31, 2018
	Interest expense			Interest expense
Total interest expense which reflects the effects of cash flow hedges	$	(589	)	$	(597	)
Hedged item	(20		)	(17		)
Derivative designated as hedging instrument	19			14

Cross-Currency Interest Rate Swaps

In connection with the February 2018 Refinancing, we entered into certain cross-currency interest rate swap agreements to achieve more attractive interest rates by effectively converting $460 million of our fixed-rate U.S. Dollar-denominated 2025 Secured Notes, including the semi-annual interest payments through October 2023, to fixed-rate Euro-denominated debt, with a fixed annual weighted average interest rate of approximately 2.946%. We have designated these cross-currency interest rate swap agreements as a net investment hedge of our investments in certain of our international subsidiaries that use the Euro as their functional currency in order to reduce the volatility in our operating results caused by the changes in foreign currency exchange rates of the Euro relative to the U.S. Dollar.

We use the spot method to measure the effectiveness of our net investment hedge. Under this method, for each reporting period, the change in the fair value of the $460 million cross-currency interest rate swaps is reported in foreign currency translation gain (loss) in Accumulated other comprehensive loss. The cross-currency basis spread (along with other components of the cross-currency swaps’ fair value excluded from the spot method effectiveness assessment) are amortized and recorded to interest expense. We evaluate the effectiveness of our net investment hedge at the beginning of each quarter.

The following table shows the fair value of our hedges:



	Balance Sheet Line Item	December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Interest rate swaps⁽¹⁾⁽³⁾	Other liabilities	$	16	$	—
Cross-currency interest rate swaps⁽²⁾⁽³⁾	Other assets	41		18
(1) The loss of $16 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 and none for 2018 and 2017 are reflected in Derivative financial instrument unrealized (loss) gain in Other comprehensive loss.
(2) The gain of $23 million, $18 million and $0 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, is reflected in Foreign currency translation gain (loss) in Other comprehensive loss. (3) The inputs used to measure the fair value of our interest rate swap contracts are categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

Net Investment Non-derivative Hedge - 2026 Secured Euro Notes

For the fourth quarter of 2019, we designated $169 million of our 2026 Secured Euro Notes as a net investment non-derivative hedge of our investments in certain of our international subsidiaries that use the Euro as their functional currency in order to reduce the volatility in our results caused by the changes in foreign currency exchange rates of the Euro relative to the U.S. Dollar.

We use the spot method to measure the effectiveness of our net investment non-derivative hedge. Under this method, for each reporting period, the change in the hedged portion of the carrying value of the 2026 Secured Euro Notes due to remeasurement is reported in foreign currency translation gain (loss) in Other comprehensive income (loss), and the remaining remeasurement change is recognized in Loss on remeasurement of debt in our consolidated statements of operations. We evaluate the effectiveness of our net investment non-derivative hedge at the beginning of each quarter and the inputs used to measure the fair value of this non-derivative hedge are categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

Contingent Acquisition Consideration Liabilities

In connection with our 2017 and 2018 acquisitions, we have recorded certain contingent acquisition consideration liabilities, of which the values are primarily based on reaching certain earnings-based metrics, with a maximum payout of $14 million as of December 31, 2019. The related liabilities were recorded at fair value on the acquisition date as part of the consideration transferred and are remeasured each reporting period. The inputs used to measure the fair value of our liabilities are categorized as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

We remeasured contingent acquisition consideration at each reporting period. These remeasurements included increases to the projected earnings-based measures and also the probability of achievement (categorized as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy as established by ASC 820), which resulted in increases to the calculated fair value of contingent acquisition consideration by $2 million, $29 million and $0 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. These changes were recorded in Restructuring and other. Contingent acquisition consideration liabilities as of December 31, 2019 are $14 million of which $7 million is included in Accrued liabilities with the remainder included in Other long-term liabilities. Contingent acquisition consideration liabilities as of December 31, 2018 were $45 million of which $22 million was included in Accrued liabilities with the remainder included in Other long-term liabilities.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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