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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
As of each reporting date, management considers new evidence, both positive and negative, that could affect its view of the future realization of deferred tax assets. Based upon the evaluation of all available evidence, and considering the projected U.S. pre-tax losses for 2017, a valuation allowance has been recorded for the U.S. operations in 2017. The valuation allowance to be recorded during 2017 related to the U.S. federal tax jurisdiction is incremental to the valuation allowance recorded as of December 31, 2016. We maintained other valuation allowances for certain non-U.S. jurisdictions with cumulative losses.
The effective income tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 were 6.6% and (10.5)%, respectively, and 16.6% and 19.4% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, and were determined using an estimated annual effective tax rate after considering any discrete items for such periods. Due to a valuation allowance against our U.S. deferred tax assets, the effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 does not include the benefit of the current year U.S. tax loss. In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, we recorded an overall tax benefit as the valuation allowance recorded during the period was only applicable to a portion of the U.S. pre-tax losses. The change in the effective tax rates relates primarily to an increase in the valuation allowance recorded against net deferred tax assets in the U.S. federal tax jurisdiction and the overall mix of income in our foreign jurisdictions.