Impairments and accelerated D&A charges recognized within D&A are summarized below:



	Year Ended December 31,
Asset	2016		2015		2014
Trade names (1)(2)	$	—	$	128.6	$	6.0
Buildings (3)	4.8		11.5		9.4
Lottery other assets (4)	—		13.8		4.2
Gaming equipment (5)	—		15.8		21.4
Total	$	4.8	$	169.7	$	41.0

(1) During the second quarter of 2015, as a result of an interim review of indefinite-lived trade name assets, we recorded an impairment charge of $25.0 million, with a $9.5 million tax benefit, to reduce the carrying value of one of our trade name assets to fair value.

(2) During the third quarter of 2015, we determined that circumstances no longer continued to support an indefinite useful life for certain of our indefinite-lived trade name assets in our Gaming business segment. We estimated the fair value of the trade name assets using the relief-from-royalty method, which uses several significant assumptions, including an estimated royalty rate, revenue projections that consider historical and estimated future results and general economic and market conditions, as well as the impact of planned business and operational strategies. The following estimates and assumptions were used in applying the relief-from-royalty method:


•	Royalty rates between 0.5% and 1.0% based on market-observed royalty rates; and


•	A discount rate of 9.0% based on the required rate of return for the trade name assets.

Based on the estimated fair value of the trade name assets, we recorded an impairment charge of $103.6 million with a tax benefit of $38.8 million during the third quarter of 2015. The change in useful life determination was treated as a change in estimate with the new $97.5 million carrying value of the trade name assets being amortized on a straight-line basis over a fifteen-year period beginning in the fourth quarter of 2015, which materially approximates the expected pattern of use over the remaining useful life. The fifteen-year estimated useful life is a matter of management judgment, which we believe materially represents the period over which the trade name assets will contribute to the future cash flows of the respective asset group and is consistent with our policies for assigning useful lives.

(3) We recorded a non-cash charge of $4.8 million, $6.6 million and $9.4 million during 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, to adjust the carrying value of the Waukegan facility to fair value less expected selling costs.

(4) During the fourth quarter of 2015, we recorded $11.9 million in accelerated D&A of property and equipment related to our instant games operations.

(5) During 2015 and 2014, we recorded $15.8 million and $14.5 million, respectively, of accelerated depreciation on certain equipment assets included in our Gaming business segment.