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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
The effective income tax rates for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 were 27.5% and 21.2%, respectively, and 39.0% and 40.4% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, and were determined using an estimated annual effective tax rate after considering any discrete items for such periods. The reduction in income tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 when compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 is primarily attributable to the impact of negative evidence related to the realizability of the deferred tax assets expected to be created by 2016 U.S. taxable losses.
As of each reporting date, management considers new evidence, both positive and negative, that could affect its view of the future realization of deferred tax assets. The Company has remained in a three year cumulative loss in the U.S. federal tax jurisdiction. As of June 30, 2016, on the basis of this evaluation and considering the projected U.S. pre-tax losses for 2016 and the resulting net U.S. deferred tax asset position anticipated to occur during 2016, a valuation allowance has been contemplated as a component of the estimated annual effective tax rate in order to recognize only the portion of the benefit related to current year losses that is more likely than not to be realized.

As of December 31, 2015, the Company remained in a net U.S. deferred tax liability position and therefore a valuation allowance against its U.S. deferred tax assets was only necessary for certain state deferred tax assets and U.S. foreign tax credit carryforwards. The Company maintained other valuation allowances for certain non-U.S. jurisdictions with cumulative losses. The Company is projecting a pre-tax loss for its U.S. operations in 2016 in an amount that will more than exceed, on an after tax basis, the net deferred tax liability recorded as of December 31, 2015. Thus, we are projecting to be in a net U.S. deferred tax asset position at December 31, 2016.
Our effective income tax rate on foreign earnings is impacted by the mix of income and the statutory tax rates in our foreign jurisdictions, which range from a low of 0% to a high of 39%. The foreign jurisdictions that had the most impact on our foreign income tax expense (benefit) in the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 included Austria, Bermuda, Canada, India, Ireland and the U.K.