Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

(1) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

(a) Nature of Operations and Use of Estimates

iCAD, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company” or “iCAD”) is a global medical technology company providing innovative cancer detection and therapy solutions

The Company has grown primarily through acquisitions to become a broad player in the cancer detection and therapy market. Its solutions include advanced artificial intelligence and image analysis workflow solutions that enable healthcare professionals to better serve patients by identifying pathologies and pinpointing the most prevalent cancers earlier, a comprehensive range of high-performance, upgradeable Computer-Aided Detection (“CAD”) systems and workflow solutions for digital breast tomosynthesis (“DBT”), full-field digital mammography (“FFDM”), MRI and CT, and the Xoft System which is an isotope-free cancer treatment platform technology. CAD is reimbursable in the U.S. under federal and most third-party insurance programs.

The Company intends to continue the extension of its image analysis and clinical decision support solutions for DBT, FFDM, MRI and CT imaging. iCAD believes that advances in digital imaging techniques should bolster its efforts to develop additional commercially viable CAD/advanced image analysis and workflow products. The Company’s management believes that early detection in combination with earlier targeted intervention will provide patients and care providers with the best tools available to achieve better clinical outcomes resulting in a market demand that will drive top line growth.

The Company’s headquarters are located in Nashua, New Hampshire, with a manufacturing facility in New Hampshire and an operations, research, development, manufacturing and warehousing facility in San Jose, California.

The Company operates in two segments: Cancer Detection (“Detection”) and Cancer Therapy (“Therapy”). The Detection segment consists of advanced image analysis and workflow products, and the Therapy segment consists of radiation therapy products. The Company sells its products throughout the world through its direct sales organization as well as through various OEM partners, distributors and resellers. See Note 8 for segment, major customer and geographical information.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. It is reasonably possible that changes may occur in the near term that would affect management’s estimates with respect to assets and liabilities.

(b) Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries: Xoft, Inc. and Xoft Solutions, LLC. All material inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

(c) Cash and cash equivalents

The Company defines cash and cash equivalents as all bank accounts, money market funds, deposits and other money market instruments with original maturities of 90 days or less, which are unrestricted as to withdrawal. Cash and cash equivalents are maintained at financial institutions and, at times, balances may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has never experienced any losses related to these balances. Insurance coverage is $250,000 per depositor at each financial institution, and the Company’s non-interest bearing cash balances exceed federally insured limits. Interest-bearing amounts on deposit in excess of federally insured limits at December 31, 2019 approximated $15.1 million.

(d) Financial instruments

Financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, notes payable and convertible debentures. Due to their short term nature and market rates of interest, the carrying amounts of the financial instruments, except the convertible debentures, approximated fair value as of December 31, 2019 and 2018.

The Company has elected to record the convertible debentures at fair value at each reporting date in accordance with the fair value option election. See Note 3(b) for further details.

(e) Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts receivable are customer obligations due under normal trade terms. Credit limits are established through a process of reviewing the financial history and stability of each customer. The Company performs continuing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and generally does not require collateral.

The Company’s policy is to maintain allowances for estimated losses from the inability of its customers to make required payments. The Company’s senior management reviews accounts receivable on a periodic basis to determine if any receivables may potentially be uncollectible. The Company includes any accounts receivable balances that it determines may likely be uncollectible, along with a general reserve for estimated probable losses based on historical experience, in its overall allowance for doubtful accounts. An amount would be written off against the allowance after all attempts to collect the receivable had failed. Based on the information available, the Company believes the allowance for doubtful accounts as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 is adequate.

The following table summarizes the allowance for doubtful accounts for the three years ended December 31, 2019 (in thousands):

	2019			2018			2017
Balance at beginning of period	$	177		$	107		$	172
Additions charged to costs and expenses		62			225			45
Reductions		(103	)		(155	)		(110	)
Balance at end of period	$	136		$	177		$	107

(f) Inventory

Inventory is valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined by the first-in, first-out method. The Company regularly reviews inventory quantities on hand and records a reserve for excess and/or obsolete inventory primarily based upon the estimated usage of its inventory as well as other factors. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, inventories consisted of the following (in thousands), which includes an inventory reserve of approximately $0.5 million and $1.1 million as December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Inventory balances, net of reserves, were as follows:

	December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Raw materials	$	1,265	$	606
Work in process		39		67
Finished Goods		1,307		914
Inventory Net	$	2,611	$	1,587

(g) Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets or the remaining lease term, if shorter, for leasehold improvements (see below).

	Estimated life
Equipment	3-5 years
Leasehold improvements	3-5 years
Furniture and fixtures	3-5 years
Marketing assets	3-5 years

(h) Goodwill

In accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 350-20, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other”, (“ASC 350-20”), the Company tests goodwill for impairment on an annual basis and between annual tests if events and circumstances indicate it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying value of the reporting unit.

Factors the Company considers important, which could trigger an impairment of such asset, include the following:

• significant underperformance relative to historical or projected future operating results;

• significant changes in the manner or use of the assets or the strategy for the Company’s overall business;

• significant negative industry or economic trends;

• significant decline in the Company’s stock price for a sustained period; and

• a decline in the Company’s market capitalization below net book value.

The Company records an impairment charge when such assessment indicates that the fair value of a reporting unit was less than the carrying value. In evaluating potential impairments outside of the annual measurement date, judgment is required in determining whether an event has occurred that may impair the value of goodwill or intangible assets. The Company utilizes either discounted cash flow models or other valuation models, such as comparative transactions and market multiples, to determine the fair value of reporting units. The Company makes assumptions about future cash flows, future operating plans, discount rates, comparable companies, market multiples, purchase price premiums and other factors in those models. Different assumptions and judgment determinations could yield different conclusions that would result in an impairment charge to income in the period that such change or determination was made.

In January 2018, the Company adopted a plan to discontinue offering radiation therapy professional services to practices that provide the Company’s electronic brachytherapy solution for the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer under the subscription service model within the Therapy segment. As result, the Company no longer offers the subscription service model to customers. Based on the decision to discontinue offering radiation therapy professional services within the Therapy segment, the Company revised its forecasts related to the Therapy segment, which the Company deemed to be a triggering event.

The Company elected to early adopt ASU 2017-04, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other: Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment” (“ASU 2017-04”) as of September 30, 2017 which affected both the third quarter 2017 and fourth quarter 2017 impairment tests. ASU 2017-04 specifies that goodwill impairment is the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. In accordance with the standard, the fair value of the Therapy reporting unit as of the fourth quarter was $0.1 million and the carrying value was $2.1 million. The deficiency exceeded the carrying value of goodwill and the balance of $1.7 million was recorded as an impairment charge in the fourth quarter of the year ended December 31, 2017.

As a result of the underperformance of the Therapy reporting unit as compared to expected future results, the Company determined there was a triggering event in the third quarter of 2017. As a result, the Company completed an interim impairment assessment. The interim test resulted in the fair value of the Therapy reporting unit being less than the carrying value of the reporting unit. The fair value of the Therapy reporting unit was $3.5 million and the carrying value was $7.5 million. The deficiency of $4.0 million was recorded as an impairment charge in the third quarter of the year ended December 31, 2017. The Company did not identify a triggering event within the Detection reporting unit and accordingly did not perform an interim test.

The Company determines the fair value of reporting units based on the present value of estimated future cash flows, discounted at an appropriate risk adjusted rate. This approach was selected as it measures the income producing assets, primarily technology and customer relationships. This method estimates the fair value based upon the ability to generate future cash flows, which is particularly applicable when future profit margins and growth are expected to vary significantly from historical operating results.

The Company uses internal forecasts to estimate future cash flows and includes an estimate of long-term future growth rates based on the most recent views of the long-term forecast for the reporting unit. Accordingly, actual results can differ from those assumed in the forecasts. Discount rates are derived from a capital asset pricing model and analyzing published rates for industries relevant to the reporting unit to estimate the cost of equity financing. The Company uses discount rates that are commensurate with the risks and uncertainty inherent in the respective businesses and in the internally developed forecasts.

Other significant assumptions include terminal value margin rates, future capital expenditures, and changes in future working capital requirements. While there are inherent uncertainties related to the assumptions used and to the application of these assumptions to this analysis, the income approach provides a reasonable estimate of the fair value of the Therapy reporting unit.

The Company performed the annual impairment assessments at October 1, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and compared the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying value as of each date. The fair value exceeded the carrying value for the Detection reporting unit as of each date of these impairment assessments. Goodwill for the Therapy reporting unit was fully impaired as of December 31, 2017. As such, the Company did not record any impairment charges for the years ended December 31, 2019 or 2018. The carrying values of the reporting units were determined based on an allocation of the Company’s assets and liabilities through specific allocation of certain assets and liabilities, to the reporting units and an apportionment of the remaining net assets based on the relative size of the reporting units’ revenues and operating expenses compared to the Company as a whole. The determination of reporting units also requires management judgment.

The Company determines the fair values for each reporting unit using a weighting of the income approach and the market approach. For purposes of the income approach, fair value is determined based on the present value of estimated future cash flows, discounted at an appropriate risk adjusted rate. The Company uses internal forecasts to estimate future cash flows and includes estimates of long-term future growth rates based on the Company’s most recent views of the long-term forecast for each segment. Accordingly, actual results can differ from those assumed in the Company’s forecasts. Discount rates are derived from a capital asset pricing model and by analyzing published rates for industries relevant to the Company’s reporting units to estimate the cost of equity financing. The Company uses discount rates that are commensurate with the risks and uncertainty inherent in the respective businesses and in its internally developed forecasts.

In the market approach, the Company uses a valuation technique in which values are derived based on market prices of publicly traded companies with similar operating characteristics and industries. A market approach allows for comparison to actual market transactions and multiples. It can be somewhat limited in its application because the population of potential comparable publicly-traded companies can be limited due to differing characteristics of the comparative business and the Company, as well as market data may not be available for divisions within larger conglomerates or non-public subsidiaries that could otherwise qualify as comparable, and the specific circumstances surrounding a market transaction (e.g., synergies between the parties, terms and conditions of the transaction, etc.) may be different or irrelevant with respect to the business.

The Company corroborates the total fair values of the reporting units using a market capitalization approach; however, this approach cannot be used to determine the fair value of each reporting unit value. The blend of the income approach and market approach is more closely aligned to the business profile of the Company, including markets served and products available. In addition, required rates of return, along with uncertainties inherent in the forecast of future cash flows, are reflected in the selection of the discount rate. In addition, under the blended approach, reasonably likely scenarios and associated sensitivities can be developed for alternative future states that may not be reflected in an observable market price. The Company will assess each valuation methodology based upon the relevance and availability of the data at the time the valuation is performed and weights the methodologies appropriately. 

A rollforward of goodwill activity by reportable segment is as follows (in thousands):

	Consolidated reporting unit			Detection			Therapy			Total
Accumulated Goodwill		47,937		$	—		$	—			47,937
Accumulated impairment		(26,828	)		—			—			(26,828	)
Fair value allocation		(21,109	)		7,663			13,446			—
Acquisition of DermEbx and Radion		—			—			6,154			6,154
Acquisition measurement period adjustments		—			—			116			116
Acquisition of VuComp		—			1,093			—			1,093
Sale of MRI assets		—			(394	)					(394	)
Impairment		—			—			(19,716	)		(19,716	)
Balance at December 31, 2017		—			8,362			—			8,362
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	—		$	8,362		$	—		$	8,362
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	—		$	8,362		$	—		$	8,362
Accumulated Goodwill	$	47,937		$	699		$	6,270		$	6,969
Fair value allocation		(21,109	)		7,663			13,446		$	21,109
Accumulated impairment		(26,828	)		—			(19,716	)	$	(19,716	)
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	—		$	8,362		$	—		$	8,362

(i) Long Lived Assets

In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 360, “Property, Plant and Equipment”, (“ASC 360”), the Company assesses long-lived assets for impairment if events and circumstances indicate it is more likely than not that the fair value of the asset group is less than the carrying value of the asset group.

ASC 360-10-35 uses “events and circumstances” criteria to determine when, if at all, an asset (or asset group) is evaluated for recoverability. Thus, there is no set interval or frequency for recoverability evaluation. In accordance with ASC 360-10-35-21, the following factors are examples of events or changes in circumstances that indicate the carrying amount of an asset (asset group) may not be recoverable and thus is to be evaluated for recoverability.

• A significant decrease in the market price of a long-lived asset (asset group);

• A significant adverse change in the extent or manner in which a long-lived asset (asset group) is being used or in its physical condition;

• A significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate that could affect the value of a long-lived asset (asset group), including an adverse action or assessment by a regulator;

• An accumulation of costs significantly in excess of the amount originally expected for the acquisition or construction of a long-lived asset (asset group);

• A current period operating or cash flow loss combined with a history of operating or cash flow losses or a projection or forecast that demonstrates continuing losses associated with the use of a long-lived asset (asset group).

In accordance with ASC 360-10-35-17, if the carrying amount of an asset or asset group (in use or under development) is evaluated and found not to be fully recoverable (the carrying amount exceeds the estimated gross, undiscounted cash flows from use and disposition), then an impairment loss must be recognized. The impairment loss is measured as the excess of the carrying amount over the asset’s (or asset group’s) fair value.

The Company completed an interim goodwill impairment assessment for the Therapy reporting unit in the third quarter of 2017 and noted that there was an impairment of goodwill. As a result, the Company determined this was a triggering event to review long-lived assets for impairment. The Company determined the “Asset Group” to be the assets of the Therapy segment, which the Company considered to be the lowest level for which the identifiable cash flows were largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. Accordingly, the Company completed an analysis pursuant to ASC 360-10-35-17 and determined that the carrying value of the asset group exceeded the undiscounted cash flows, and that long-lived assets were impaired. The Company recorded long-lived asset impairment charges of approximately $0.7 million in the third quarter of the year ended December 31, 2017 based on the deficiency between the book value of the assets and the fair value as determined in the analysis.

The Company also completed a goodwill assessment in the fourth quarter of 2017, and in connection with that assessment, the Company completed an analysis pursuant to ASC 360-10-35-17 and determined that the undiscounted cash flows exceeded the carrying value of the asset group and that long-lived assets were not impaired.

The Company did not record any impairment charges related to long lived assets for the years ended December 31, 2019 or 2018.

A considerable amount of judgment and assumptions are required in performing the impairment tests, principally in determining the fair value of the asset group. While the Company believes the judgments and assumptions are reasonable, different assumptions could change the estimated fair values, and, therefore additional impairment charges could be required. Significant negative industry or economic trends, disruptions to the Company’s business, loss of significant customers, inability to effectively integrate acquired businesses, unexpected significant changes or planned changes in use of the assets may adversely impact the assumptions used in the fair value estimates and ultimately result in future impairment charges.

Intangible assets subject to amortization consist primarily of patents, technology, customer relationships and trade names purchased in the Company’s previous acquisitions. These assets, which include assets from the acquisition of the assets of VuComp, DermEbx and Radion and the acquisition of Xoft, Inc., are amortized on a straight-line basis consistent with the pattern of economic benefit over their estimated useful lives of 5 to 10 years. A summary of intangible assets for 2019 and 2018 are as follows (in thousands):

	2019		2018		Weighted average useful life
Gross Carrying Amount
Patents and licenses	$	581	$	571		5 years
Technology		8,257		8,257		10 years
Customer relationships		272		272		7 years
Tradename		259		259		10 years
Total amortizable intangible assets		9,369		9,359
Accumulated Amortization
Patents and licenses	$	520	$	511
Technology		7,299		6,958
Customer relationships		108		81
Tradename		259		259
Total accumulated amortization		8,186		7,809
Total amortizable intangible assets, net	$	1,183	$	1,550

Amortization expense related to intangible assets was approximately $377,000, $383,000 and $494,000 for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. Estimated remaining amortization of the Company’s intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):

	Estimated
For the years ended	amortization
December 31:	expense
2020		304
2021		226
2022		207
2023		186
2024		103
Thereafter		157
	$	1,183

(j) Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition Upon Adoption of ASC 606

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted FASB ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” and all the related amendments (“Topic 606”), using the modified retrospective method for all contracts not completed as of the date of adoption. For contracts that were modified before the effective date, the Company reflected the aggregate effect of all modifications when identifying performance obligations and allocating transaction price in accordance with practical expedient ASC 606-10-65-1-(f)-4, which did not have a material effect on the Company’s assessment of the cumulative effect adjustment upon adoption. The Company recognized the cumulative effect of initially applying the new standard as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. The comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with the Company’s historic accounting under Topic 605.

The Company recorded a net increase to opening retained earnings of $0.1 million as of January 1, 2018 due to the cumulative impact of adopting Topic 606, with the impact primarily related to the deferral of commissions on the Company’s long-term service arrangements and warranty periods greater than one year, which previously were expensed as incurred but, under the amendments to ASC 340-40, are now generally capitalized and amortized over the period of contract performance or a longer period if renewals are expected and the renewal commission is not commensurate with the initial commission.

The cumulative effect of the changes made to the Company’s consolidated balance sheet for the adoption of Topic 606 were as follows (in thousands):

Selected Balance Sheet	Balance at December 31, 2017			Adjustments Due to ASU 2014-09			Balance at January 1, 2018
Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	1,100		$	147		$	1,247
Liabilities
Deferred revenue		—			408			408
Contract liabilities		5,910			(369	)		5,541
Stockholders’ equity
Accumulated deficit		(201,865	)		108			(201,973	)

In accordance with the requirements of Topic 606, the disclosure of the impact of the adoption on the Company’s  consolidated balance sheet and statement of operations was as follows (in thousands):

	As of December 31, 2019
Selected Balance Sheet	As Reported			Balances without Adoption of ASC 606			Effect of Change Increase (Decrease)
Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	1,453		$	1,074		$	(379	)
Liabilities
Accrued expenses		6,590			6,590			—
Deferred revenue		—			167			167
Contract liabilities		5,604			5,437			(167	)
Deferred tax		3			3			—
Stockholders’ equity
Accumulated deficit		(224,325	)		(224,704	)		(379	)

The impact to revenues as a result of applying Topic 606 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was an increase of $821,000 and $116,000, respectively (table in thousands).

	Year ended December 31, 2019
Selected Statement of Operations	As Reported			Balances without Adoption of ASC 606			Effect of Change Increase (Decrease)
Revenue
Products	$	19,767		$	19,296		$	471
Service and supplies		11,573			11,223			350
Cost of revenue
Products		3,278			3,278			—
Service and supplies		3,438			3,438			—
Operating expenses
Marketing and sales		13,634			14,013			(379	)
Interest expense		(784	)		(784	)		—
Other income		344			344			—
Tax benefit (expense)		43			43			—
Net loss		(13,551	)		(14,751	)		(1,200	)

In accordance with ASC 606, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for these goods or services and excludes any sales incentives or taxes collected from customers which are subsequently remitted to government authorities. To achieve this core principle, the Company applies the following five steps:

1) Identify the contract(s) with a customer—A contract with a customer exists when (i) the Company enters into an enforceable contract with a customer that defines each party’s rights regarding the goods or services to be transferred and identifies the payment terms related to those goods or services, (ii) the contract has commercial substance and (iii) the Company determines that collection of substantially all consideration for goods or services that are transferred is probable based on the customer’s intent and ability to pay the promised consideration. The Company’s contracts are typically in the form of a purchase order. For certain large customers, the Company may also enter master service agreements which although include the terms under which the parties will enter into contracts do not require any minimum purchases and therefore, do not represent contracts until coupled with a purchase order. The Company applies judgment in determining the customer’s ability and intention to pay, which is based on a variety of factors including the customer’s historical payment experience or, in the case of a new customer, published credit and financial information pertaining to the customer.

2) Identify the performance obligations in the contract—Performance obligations promised in a contract are identified based on the goods or services that will be transferred to the customer that are both capable of being distinct, whereby the customer can benefit from the good or service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available from third parties or from the Company, and are distinct in the context of the contract, whereby the transfer of the goods or services is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. To the extent a contract includes multiple promised goods or services, the Company must apply judgment to determine whether promised goods or services are capable of being distinct and distinct in the context of the contract. If these criteria are not met the promised goods or services are accounted for as a combined performance obligation. The Company’s contracts typically do not include options that would result in a material right. If options to purchase additional goods or services are included in customer contracts, the Company evaluates the option in order to determine if the Company’s arrangement include promises that may represent a material right and needs to be accounted for as a performance obligation in the contract with the customer. The Company did not note any significant provisions within its typical contracts that would create a material right.

3) Determine the transaction price—The transaction price is determined based on the consideration to which the Company will be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to the customer. To the extent the transaction price includes variable consideration; the Company estimates the amount of variable consideration that should be included in the transaction price utilizing either the expected value method or the most likely amount method depending on the nature of the variable consideration. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price if, in the Company’s judgment, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract will not occur.

4) Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract—If the contract contains a single performance obligation, the entire transaction price is allocated to the single performance obligation. Contracts that contain multiple performance obligations require an allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation on a relative standalone selling price (“SSP”) basis unless the transaction price is variable and meets the criteria to be allocated entirely to a performance obligation or to a distinct good or service that forms part of a single performance obligation. The Company determines SSP based on the price at which the performance obligation is sold separately. If the SSP is not observable through past transactions, the Company estimates the SSP taking into account available information such as market conditions and internally approved pricing guidelines related to the performance obligations.

5) Recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation—The Company satisfies performance obligations either over time or at a point in time as discussed in further detail below. Revenue is recognized at the time the related performance obligation is satisfied by transferring a promised good or service to a customer.

The Company recognizes revenue from its contracts with customers primarily from the sale of products and from the sale of services and supplies. Under Topic 606, revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to a customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. For product revenue, control has transferred upon shipment provided title and risk of loss have passed to the customer. Services and supplies are considered to be transferred as the services are performed or over the term of the service or supply agreement. The Company enters into contracts that can include various combinations of products and services, which are generally capable of being distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations. The Company’s hardware is generally highly dependent on, and interrelated with, the underlying software and the software is considered essential to the functionality of the product. In these cases, the hardware and software license are accounted for as a single performance obligation and revenue is recognized at the point in time when ownership is transferred to the customer. Taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction, that are collected by the Company from a customer, are excluded from revenue. Shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight after control of a product has transferred to a customer are accounted for as fulfillment costs and are included in cost of revenue. The Company continues to provide for estimated warranty costs on original product warranties at the time of sale.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following tables presents the Company’s revenues disaggregated by major good or service line, timing of revenue recognition and sales channel, reconciled to its reportable segments (in thousands).

	Year ended December 31, 2019
	Reportable Segments
	Detection		Therapy		Total
Major Goods/Service Lines
Products	$	16,788	$	4,957	$	21,745
Service contracts		5,370		1,814		7,184
Supply and source usage agreements		—		2,036		2,036
Professional services		—		153		153
Other		161		61		222
	$	22,319	$	9,021	$	31,340
Timing of Revenue Recognition
Goods transferred at a point in time	$	16,949	$	5,391	$	22,340
Services transferred over time		5,370		3,630		9,000
	$	22,319	$	9,021	$	31,340
Sales Channels
Direct sales	$	11,968	$	5,804	$	17,772
OEM partners		10,351		—		10,351
Channel partners		—		3,217		3,217
	$	22,319	$	9,021	$	31,340
Total Revenue
Revenue from contracts with customers	$	22,319	$	9,021	$	31,340
Revenue from lease components		—		—		—
	$	22,319	$	9,021	$	31,340

	Year ended December 31, 2018
	Reportable Segments
	Detection		Therapy		Total
Major Goods/Service Lines
Products	$	10,783	$	4,393	$	15,176
Service contracts		5,311		1,450		6,761
Supply and source usage agreements		—		2,261		2,261
Professional services		—		264		264
Other		229		389		618
	$	16,323	$	8,757	$	25,080
Timing of Revenue Recognition
Goods transferred at a point in time	$	10,835	$	4,676	$	15,511
Services transferred over time		5,488		4,081		9,569
	$	16,323	$	8,757	$	25,080
Sales Channels
Direct sales force	$	8,335	$	7,554	$	15,889
OEM partners		7,988		—		7,988
Channel partners		—		1,203		1,203
	$	16,323	$	8,757	$	25,080
Total Revenue
Revenue from contracts with customers	$	16,323	$	8,757	$	25,080
Revenue from lease components		541		—		541
	$	16,864	$	8,757	$	25,621

	Year ended December 31, 2017(1)
	Reportable Segments
	Detection		Therapy		Total
Major Goods/Service Lines
Products	$	11,650	$	4,763	$	16,413
Service contracts		5,687		1,482		7,169
Supply and source usage agreements		—		1,956		1,956
Professional services		—		254		254
Other		388		1,337		1,725
	$	17,725	$	9,792	$	27,517
Timing of Revenue Recognition
Goods transferred at a point in time		11,684		5,266	$	16,950
Services transferred over time		6,041		4,526		10,567
	$	17,725	$	9,792	$	27,517
Sales Channels
Direct sales force	$	7,787	$	8,354	$	16,141
OEM partners		9,938		—		9,938
Channel partners		—		1,438		1,438
	$	17,725	$	9,792	$	27,517
Total Revenue
Revenue from contracts with customers	$	17,725	$	9,792	$	27,517
Revenue from lease components		585		—		585
	$	18,310	$	9,792	$	28,102

(1) As noted above, prior period amounts have not been adjusted under the modified retrospective method.

Products. Product revenue consists of sales of cancer detection products, cancer therapy systems, cancer therapy applicators, cancer therapy disposable applicators and other accessories that are typically shipped with a cancer therapy system. The Company transfers control and recognizes a sale when the product is shipped from the manufacturing or warehousing facility to the customer.

Service Contracts. The Company sells service contracts in which the Company provides professional services including product installations, maintenance, training and service repairs, and in certain cases leases equipment, to hospitals, imaging centers, radiological practices and radiation oncologists and treatment centers. The service contracts range from 12 months to 48 months. The Company typically receives payment at the inception of the contract and recognizes revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreement.

Upon the adoption of ASC 842, effective January 1, 2019, the lease components of certain fixed fee service contracts are no longer being separately accounted for under the lease guidance, and the entire contract is being accounted for under ASC 606. Upon the adoption of ASC 606, effective January 1, 2018, and until the adoption of ASC 842 referred to above, these lease components were accounted for as a lease in accordance with ASC 840, “Leases” (“ASC 840”), and the remaining consideration was allocated to the other performance obligations identified in accordance with ASC 606. The consideration that was allocated to the lease component was recognized as lease revenue on a straight-line basis over the specified term of the agreement. Revenue for the non-lease components, such as service contracts, was recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreements.

Supply and Source Usage Agreements. Revenue from supply and source usage agreements is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the supply or source agreement.

Professional Services. Revenue from fixed fee service contracts is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreement. Revenue from professional service contracts entered into with customers on a time and materials basis is recognized over the term of the agreement in proportion to the costs incurred in satisfying the obligations under the contract.

Other. Other revenue consists primarily of miscellaneous products and services. The Company transfers control and recognizes a sale when the installation services are performed or when the Company ships the product from the Company’s manufacturing or warehouse facility to the customer.

Significant Judgments

The Company’s contracts with customers may include promises to transfer multiple products and services to a customer. Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require significant judgment. For arrangements with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates revenue to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price. Judgment is required to determine the standalone selling price for each distinct performance obligation. The Company generally determines standalone selling prices based on the prices charged to customers and uses a range of amounts to estimate standalone selling prices when the Company sells each of the products and services separately and need to determine whether there is a discount that needs to be allocated based on the relative standalone selling prices of the various products and services. The Company typically has more than one range of standalone selling prices for individual products and services due to the stratification of those products and services by customers and circumstances. In these instances, the Company may use information such as the type of customer and geographic region in determining the range of standalone selling prices.

The Company may provide credits or incentives to customers, which are accounted for as variable consideration when estimating the transaction price of the contract and amounts of revenue to recognize. The amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price is estimated at contract inception using either the estimated value method or the most likely amount method based on the nature of the variable consideration. These estimates are updated at the end of each reporting period as additional information becomes available and revenue is recognized only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of any amounts of variable consideration included in the transaction price will not occur. The Company provides for estimated warranty costs on original product warranties at the time of sale.

Contract Balances

Contract liabilities are a component of deferred revenue, and contract assets are a component of prepaid and other current assets. The following table provides information about receivables, contract assets, and contract liabilities from contracts with customers (in thousands).

Contract balances
	Balance at		Balance at
	December 31,		December 31,
	2019		2018
Receivables, which are included in ‘Trade accounts receivable’	$	9,819	$	6,252
Contract assets, which are included in “Prepaid and other current assets”		14		19
Contract liabilities, which are included in “Deferred revenue”		5,604		5,209

Timing of revenue recognition may differ from timing of invoicing to customers. The Company records a receivable when revenue is recognized prior to receipt of cash payments and the Company has the unconditional right to such consideration, or unearned revenue when cash payments are received or due in advance of performance. For multi-year agreements, the Company generally invoices customers annually at the beginning of each annual service period.

The opening balance of accounts receivable from contracts with customers, net of allowance for doubtful accounts, was $8.5 million as of January 1, 2018. As of December 31, 2019, and 2018, accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts, was $9.8 million and $6.3 million, respectively.

The Company records a contract asset for unbilled revenue when the Company’s performance is in excess of amounts billed or billable. The Company has classified the contract asset balance as a component of prepaid expenses and other current assets as of January 1, 2018, December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2019. The opening balance of contract assets was $166,000 as of January 1, 2018. As of December 31, 2019, and 2018, the contract asset balance was $14,000 and $19,000, respectively.

Deferred revenue from contracts with customers is primarily composed of fees related to long-term service arrangements, which are generally billed in advance. Deferred revenue also includes payments for installation and training that has not yet been completed and other offerings for which the Company has been paid in advance and earn the revenue when it transfers control of the product or service. Deferred revenue from contracts with customers is included in deferred revenue in the consolidated balance sheets. Deferred revenue on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018 also includes $287,000 of amounts associated with service contracts accounted for under Topic 840 (prior to adoption of ASC 842 and the changes to the Company’s service contract accounting as previously outlined). The balance of deferred revenue at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 is as follows (in thousands):

December 31, 2018	Contract liabilities		Lease revenue		Total
Short term	$	4,885	$	280	$	5,165
Long term		324		7		331
Total	$	5,209	$	287	$	5,496

	Contract
December 31, 2019	liabilities
Short term	$	5,248
Long term		356
Total	$	5,604

Changes in deferred revenue from contracts with customers were as follows (in thousands):

	Year Ended			Year Ended
	December 31,			December 31,
	2019			2018
Balance at beginning of period	$	5,209		$	5,541
Adoption adjustment		—			39
Deferral of revenue		11,005			9,993
Recognition of deferred revenue		(10,610	)		(10,364	)
Balance at end of period	$	5,604		$	5,209

The Company expects to recognize approximately $5.2 million of the deferred amount in 2020, $0.3 million in 2021, and $0.1 million thereafter.

Assets Recognized from the Costs to Obtain a Contract with a Customer

The Company recognizes an asset for the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if it expects the benefit of those costs to be longer than one year. The Company has determined that certain commissions programs meet the requirements to be capitalized. The opening balance of capitalized costs to obtain a contract was $117,000 as of January 1, 2018. As of December 31, 2019, the balance of capitalized costs to obtain a contract was $379,000. The Company has classified the capitalized costs to obtain a contract as a component of prepaid expenses and other current assets as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Changes in the balance of capitalized costs to obtain a contract were as follows (in thousands):

	Years Ended December 31,
	2019			2018
Balance at beginning of period	$	282		$	117
Deferral of costs to obtain a contract		294			368
Recognition of costs to obtain a contract		(197	)		(203	)
Balance at end of period	$	379		$	282

Practical Expedients and Exemptions

The Company has elected to make the following accounting policy elections through the adoption of the following practical expedients:

Right to Invoice

Where applicable, the Company will recognize revenue from a contract with a customer in an amount that corresponds directly with the value to the customer of the Company’s performance completed to date and the amount to which the entity has a right to invoice.

Sales and Other Similar Taxes

The Company will exclude sales taxes and similar taxes from the measurement of transaction price and will ensure that it complies with the disclosure requirements of ASC 235-10-50-1 through 50-6.  

Significant Financing Component

The Company will not adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component if the Company expects, at contract inception, that the period between when the entity transfers a promised good or service to a customer and when the customer pays for that good or service will be one year or less.

Cost to Obtain a Contract

The Company will recognize the incremental costs of obtaining a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the asset that the Company otherwise would have recognized is one year or less and there are no renewal periods on which the Company does not pay commissions that are not commensurate with those originally paid.

Promised Goods or Services that are Immaterial in the Context of a Contract

The Company has elected to assess promised goods or services as performance obligations that are deemed to be immaterial in the context of a contract. As such, the Company will not aggregate and assess immaterial items at the entity level. That is, when determining whether a good or service is immaterial in the context of a contract, the assessment will be made based on the application of ASC 606 at the contract level.

The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which it recognizes revenue at the amount to which it has the right to invoice for services performed.

Revenue Recognition Prior to the Adoption of ASC 606

The Company’s reporting periods prior to the adoption of ASC 606 and the year ended December 31, 2018 are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with the Company’s historic accounting under Topic 605.

Under Topic 605, revenue was recognized when delivery occurred, persuasive evidence of an arrangement existed, fees were fixed or determinable and collectability of the related receivable was probable. For product revenue, delivery was considered to occur upon shipment provided title and risk of loss had passed to the customer. Services and supplies revenue are considered to be delivered as the services were performed or over the estimated life of the supply agreement. Revenue from the sale of certain CAD products was recognized in accordance with ASC 840, which continues to be the case under Topic 606. In addition, revenue from certain CAD products was recognized in accordance with ASC 985-605, which has now been superseded by Topic 606. For multiple element arrangements, revenue was allocated to all deliverables based on their relative selling prices. In such circumstances, a hierarchy was used to determine the selling price to be used for allocating revenue to deliverables as follows: (i) vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value (“VSOE”), (ii) third-party evidence of selling price (“TPE”) and (iii) best estimate of the selling price (“BESP”). VSOE generally existed only when the deliverable was sold separately and was the price actually charged for that deliverable. The process for determining BESP for deliverables without VSOE or TPE considered multiple factors depending upon the unique facts and circumstances related to each deliverable including relative selling prices, competitive prices in the marketplace and management judgment.

The Company historically determined that iCAD’s digital sales generally followed the guidance of ASC 605 as the software was considered essential to the functionality of the product per the guidance of ASU 2009-14. Typically, the responsibility for the installation process lies with the OEM partner. On occasion, when iCAD was responsible for product installation, the installation element was considered a separate unit of accounting because the delivered product had standalone value to the customer. In these instances, the Company allocated the revenue to the deliverables based on the framework established within ASU 2009-13. Therefore, the installation and training revenue was recognized as the services were performed according to the BESP of the element. Revenue from the digital equipment when there was installation was recognized based on the relative selling price allocation of the BESP, when delivered.

Revenue from certain CAD products was recognized in accordance with ASC 985-605. Sales of this product include training, and the Company had established VSOE for this element. Product revenue was determined based on the residual value in the arrangement and was recognized when delivered. Revenue for training was deferred and recognized when the training had been completed. For multiple element arrangements, the Company allocated revenue to the deliverables in the arrangement based on the BESP in accordance with ASU 2009-13. Product revenue was generally recognized when the product had been delivered and service and/or supplies revenue was typically recognized over the life of the service and/or supplies agreement. Physics and management services revenue and development fees were considered to be delivered as the services were  performed or over the estimated life of the agreement. The Company deferred revenue from the sale of certain service contracts and recognized the related revenue on a straight-line basis in accordance with ASC 605-20, “Services.”

(k) Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue consists of the costs of products purchased for resale, cost relating to service including costs of service contracts to maintain equipment after the warranty period, inbound freight and duty, manufacturing, warehousing, material movement, inspection, scrap, rework, depreciation and in-house product warranty repairs, amortization of acquired technology and medical device tax.

(l) Warranty Costs

The Company provides for the estimated cost of standard product warranty against defects in material and workmanship based on historical warranty trends, including the cost of product returns during the warranty period. Warranty provisions and claims for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, were as follows (in thousands):

	2019			2018			2017
Beginning accrual balance	$	12		$	10		$	11
Warranty provision		41			19			49
Usage		(36	)		(17	)		(50	)
Ending accrual balance	$	17		$	12		$	10

(m) Engineering and Product Development Costs

Engineering and product development costs relate to research and development efforts including Company sponsored clinical trials which are expensed as incurred.

(n) Advertising Costs

The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred. Advertising expense for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was approximately $1,084,000, $811,000 and $990,000 respectively.

(o) Net Loss per Common Share

The Company follows FASB ASC 260-10, “Earnings per Share”, which requires the presentation of both basic and diluted earnings per share on the face of the statements of operations. The Company’s basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period and, if there are dilutive securities, diluted income per share is computed by including common stock equivalents which includes shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options, net of shares assumed to have been purchased with the proceeds, using the treasury stock method.

A summary of the Company’s calculation of net loss per share is as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):

	2019			2018			2017
Net loss available to common shareholders	$	(13,551	)	$	(9,017	)	$	(14,256	)
Basic shares used in the calculation of earnings per share		18,378			16,685			16,343
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options					—			—
Restricted stock					—			—
Diluted shares used in the calculation of earnings per share		18,378			16,685			16,343
Net loss per share :
Basic	$	(0.74	)	$	(0.54	)	$	(0.87	)
Diluted	$	(0.74	)	$	(0.54	)	$	(0.87	)

The following table summarizes the number of shares of common stock for convertible securities, warrants and restricted stock that were not included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share because such shares are antidilutive:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
Options that are antidilutive:
Common stock options		1,550,662		1,983,477		1,465,115
Restricted Stock		150,909		423,202		415,147
Convertible Debentures		1,742,500		1,742,500		—
		3,444,071		4,149,179		1,880,262

Restricted common stock can be issued to directors, executives or employees of the Company and are subject to time-based vesting. These potential shares were excluded from the computation of basic loss per share as these shares are not considered outstanding until vested.

(p) Income Taxes

The Company follows the liability method under ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes”, (“ASC 740”). The primary objectives of accounting for taxes under ASC 740 are to (a) recognize the amount of tax payable for the current year and (b) recognize the amount of deferred tax liability or asset for the future tax consequences of events that have been reflected in the Company’s financial statements or tax returns. The Company has provided a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets at December 31, 2019 and 2018, as it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will not be realized. Any subsequent changes in the valuation allowance will be recorded through operations in the provision (benefit) for income taxes.

ASC 740-10 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. ASC 740-10 also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, disclosure and transition. 

(q) Stock-Based Compensation

The Company maintains stock-based incentive plans, under which it provides stock incentives to employees, directors and contractors. The Company may grant to employees, directors and contractors, options to purchase common stock at an exercise price equal to the market value of the stock at the date of grant. The Company may grant restricted stock to employees and directors. The underlying shares of the restricted stock grant are not issued until the shares vest, and compensation expense is based on the stock price of the shares at the time of grant. The Company also has an Employee Stock Purchase Plan, adopted in 2019. The Company follows FASB ASC Topic 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation”), for all stock-based compensation. Under this application, the Company is required to record compensation expense over the vesting period for all awards granted.

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to value stock options which requires extensive use of accounting judgment and financial estimates, including estimates of the expected term participants will retain their vested stock options before exercising them, the estimated volatility of its common stock price over the expected term, the risk free rate, expected dividend yield, and the number of options that will be forfeited prior to the completion of their vesting requirements.

The fair value of restricted stock is determined based on the stock price of the underlying option on the date of the grant. From time to time, the Company may grant performance based restricted stock awards, based on the achievement of certain performance targets. Compensation cost for performance based restricted stock awards requires significant judgment regarding probability of achieving the performance objectives and compensation cost is adjusted for the probability of achieving these objectives. As a result, compensation cost could vary significantly during the performance measurement period.

Compensation cost for stock purchase rights under the employee stock purchase plan is measured and recognized on the date the Company becomes obligated to issue shares of the Company’s common stock and is based on the difference between the fair value of the Company’s common stock and the purchase price on such date.

Application of alternative assumptions could produce significantly different estimates of the fair value of stock-based compensation and consequently, the related amounts recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

(r) Fair Value Measurements

The Company follows the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurement and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”). ASC 820 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value under generally accepted accounting principles and enhances disclosures about fair value measurements. Fair value is defined under ASC 820 as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value under ASC 820 must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The standard describes a fair value hierarchy based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value which are the following:

• Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

• Level 2 - Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

• Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value

A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis include the Company’s money market accounts and convertible debentures.

The money market funds are included in cash and cash equivalents in the accompanying balance sheet are considered a Level 1 measurement as they are valued at quoted market prices in active markets.

The convertible debentures are recorded as a separate component of the Company’s consolidated balance sheets are considered a Level 3 measurement due to the utilization of significant unobservable inputs in their valuation. See Note 3(b) below for a discussion of these fair value measurements.

The following table sets forth the Company’s assets and liabilities which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy:

Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2019
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Money market accounts	$	15,313	$	—	$	—	$	15,313
Total Assets	$	15,313	$	—	$	—	$	15,313
Liabilities
Convertible debentures	$	—	$	—	$	13,642	$	13,642
Total Liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	13,642	$	13,642

Fair Value Measurements (000’s) as of December 31, 2018
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Money market accounts	$	12,134	$	—	$	—	$	12,134
Total Assets	$	12,134	$	—	$	—	$	12,134
Liabilities
Convertible debentures	$	—	$	—	$	6,970	$	6,970
Total Liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	6,970	$	6,970

The following is a roll forward of the Company’s Level 3 instruments for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:

	Convertible Debentures
Balance, December 20, 2018	$	—
Issuances		6,970
Fair value adjustments		—
Balance, December 31, 2018		6,970
Fair value adjustments		6,672
Balance, December 31, 2019	$	13,642

Items Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

Certain assets, including long-lived assets and goodwill, are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These assets are recognized at fair value when they are deemed to be impaired. In 2017, the Company recorded a $6.7 million impairment consisting of $5.7 million related to goodwill and $1.0 million related to long-lived and other assets. The fair values of long-lived assets and goodwill were measured using Level 3 inputs. There were no items measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of or during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

(t) Recently Issued and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” and all the related amendments, which are codified under ASC 842. The Company has applied its transition provisions at the beginning of the period of adoption (i.e., on the effective date), and so did not restate comparative periods. Under this transition provision, the Company has applied the legacy guidance under ASC 840, “Leases” (“ASC 840”), including its disclosure requirements, in the comparative periods presented. As part of the adoption, the Company elected the package of practical expedients, which among other things, permits the carry forward of historical lease classifications. The Company did not elect to use the practical expedient permitting the use of hindsight in determining the lease term and in assessing impairment of right-of-use assets. The adoption of the standard did not have a material impact on our operating results or cash flows. See Note 5 for the disclosures required upon adoption of ASC 842

On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU 2017-11, “Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): (Part I.) Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features, and (Part II.) Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with a Scope Exception” (“ASU 2017-11”). Among other provisions, ASU 2017-11 requires that when determining whether certain financial instruments should be classified as liabilities or equity instruments, an entity should not consider a down round feature. ASU 2017-11 also recharacterizes as a scope exception the indefinite deferral available to private companies with mandatorily redeemable financial instrument and certain noncontrolling interests, which does not have an accounting effect but addresses navigational concerns within the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. The Company notes that the adoption of ASU 2017-11 did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU 2018-07, “Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting” (“ASU 2018-07”). ASU 2018-07 expands the scope of Topic 718 to also address share-based payments for goods and services to nonemployees. The Company notes that the adoption of ASU 2018-07 did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses” (“ASU 2016-13”), which requires the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost. ASU 2016-13 replaces the existing incurred loss impairment model with an expected loss model which requires the use of forward-looking information to calculate credit loss estimates. These changes will result in earlier recognition of credit losses. ASU 2016-13 is effective for the Company for the fiscal year and interim periods therein beginning January 1, 2020. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU 2016-13 and related amendments will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement” (“ASU 2018-13”). ASU 2018-13 removes, modifies and adds certain disclosure requirements of ASC Topic 820. ASU 2018-13 is effective for Company for the fiscal year and interim periods therein beginning January 1, 2020. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU 2018-13 will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes” (“ASU 2019-12”). ASU 2019-12 is intended to simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740. The amendments also improve consistent application of and simplify GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. ASU 2019-12 is effective for Company for the fiscal year and interim periods therein beginning January 1, 2021. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU 2019-12 will have on its consolidated financial statements.

(u) Subsequent Events

The Company considers events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date but prior to the issuance of the consolidated financial statements to provide additional evidence relative to certain estimates or to identify matters that require additional disclosure.

On February 21, 2020 (the “Conversion Date”), the Company elected to exercise its forced conversion right under the terms of the Convertible Debentures. As a result of this election, all of the outstanding Convertible Debentures were converted, at a conversion price of $4.00 per share, into 1,742,500 shares of the Company’s common stock. In accordance with the make whole provision in the Debenture, the Company also issued an additional 73,589 shares, which represented approximately $59,000 of accrued interest through the Conversion Date, plus the interest from the Conversion Date through the maturity of the Debentures of $638,000. Pursuant to the terms of the Convertible Debentures, the issuance of the conversion shares shall be completed on March 20, 2020 by delivering any additional shares of Common Stock issuable upon a decrease in the volume weighted average price of our Common Stock in the intervening period.