10-K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K  

☑	ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022

 OR  

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 Commission file number: 1-14443

GARTNER, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)  

Delaware	04-3099750
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
P.O. Box 10212
56 Top Gallant Road
Stamford,
Connecticut	06902-7700
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (203) 964-0096

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.0005 par value per share	IT	New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☑	Accelerated filer	☐	Non-accelerated filer	☐
Smaller reporting company	☐	Emerging growth company	☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☑

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☑

As of June 30, 2022, the aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $18.6 billion, based on the closing price as reported on the New York Stock Exchange.

As of February 3, 2023, there were 79,060,595 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

The definitive Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on June 1, 2023 (the “2023 Proxy Statement”) is incorporated by reference into Part III to the extent described therein.

GARTNER, INC.

2022 ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I
ITEM 1.	BUSINESS	3
ITEM 1A.	RISK FACTORS	7
ITEM 1B.	UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS	16
ITEM 2.	PROPERTIES	16
ITEM 3.	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS	16
ITEM 4.	MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES (not applicable)	16
PART II
ITEM 5.	MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES	18
ITEM 6.	[RESERVED]	18
ITEM 7.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS	18
ITEM 7A.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK	30
ITEM 8.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA	30
ITEM 9.	CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE	30
ITEM 9A.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	30
ITEM 9B.	OTHER INFORMATION	31
ITEM 9C.	DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS	31
PART III
ITEM 10.	DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE	32
ITEM 11.	EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION	32
ITEM 12.	SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS	32
ITEM 13.	CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE	32
ITEM 14.	PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES	32
PART IV
ITEM 15.	EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES	33
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS		35
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM		36
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM		38
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS		39
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS		40
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME		41
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY		42
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS		43
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS		44
ITEM 16.	FORM 10-K SUMMARY	76
SIGNATURES		77

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PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS.

GENERAL

Gartner, Inc. (NYSE: IT) delivers actionable, objective insight to executives and their teams. Our expert guidance and tools enable faster, smarter decisions and stronger performance on an organization’s mission critical priorities.

We are a trusted advisor and an objective resource for more than 15,000 enterprises in approximately 90 countries and territories— across all major functions, in every industry and enterprise size.

Gartner delivers its products and services globally through three business segments – Research, Conferences and Consulting, as described below.

Research equips executives and their teams from every function and across all industries with actionable, objective insight, guidance and tools. Our experienced experts deliver all this value informed by a combination of practitioner-sourced and data-driven research to help our clients address their mission critical priorities.

Conferences provides executives and teams across an organization the opportunity to learn, share and network. From our Gartner Symposium/Xpo series, to industry-leading conferences focused on specific business roles and topics, to peer-driven sessions, our offerings enable attendees to experience the best of Gartner insight and guidance.

Consulting serves senior executives leading technology-driven strategic initiatives leveraging the power of Gartner’s actionable, objective insight. Through custom analysis and on-the-ground support we enable optimized technology investments and stronger performance on our clients’ mission critical priorities.

The fiscal year of Gartner is the twelve-month period from January 1 through December 31. All references to 2022, 2021 and 2020 herein refer to the fiscal year unless otherwise indicated. When used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the terms “Gartner,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer to Gartner, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

MARKET OVERVIEW

Enterprise leaders face enormous pressure to stay ahead and grow profitably amidst constant changes. Whether it is a digital transformation, a global health crisis, large-scale regulatory changes, or other unique challenges, business leaders today are facing significant disruptive changes. We believe that enterprises cannot be operationally effective unless they incorporate the right strategy, management and technology decisions into every part of their business. This requirement affects all business levels, functions and roles. Executives and their teams turn to Gartner for decision-making and execution guidance to achieve their mission critical priorities.

OUR SOLUTION

We believe our combination of expert-led, practitioner-sourced and data-driven research steers clients toward the right decisions and actions on the issues that matter most. Organizations are overrun with data and information. Gartner helps eliminate this information chaos and provides clarity with actionable, objective insight. We employ a diversified business model that utilizes and leverages the breadth and depth of our differentiated intellectual capital. The foundation of our business model is our ability to create and distribute our proprietary research content as broadly as possible via published reports, interactive tools, facilitated peer networking, briefings and direct communications with executives and their teams; our conferences, including the Gartner Symposium/Xpo series; and consulting and advisory services.

PRODUCTS AND SERVICES

Our diversified business model provides multiple entry points and sources of value for our clients that lead to increased client spending on our research and advisory services, conferences and consulting services. A critical part of our long-term strategy is to increase business volume and penetration with our most valuable clients, identifying relationships with the greatest sales potential and expanding those relationships by offering strategically relevant research and insight. We also seek to extend the Gartner brand name to develop new client relationships, augment our sales capacity and expand into new markets around the world. These initiatives have created additional revenue streams through more effective packaging, campaigning and cross-selling of our products and services. In addition, we seek to increase our revenue and operating cash flow through more effective pricing of our products and services.

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Our principal products and services are delivered through our three business segments, as described below.

•RESEARCH. Gartner delivers independent, objective advice to leaders across an enterprise through subscription services that include on-demand access to published research content, data and benchmarks, and direct access to a network of approximately 2,500 research experts located around the globe. Gartner research is the fundamental building block for all Gartner products and services. We combine our proprietary research methodologies with extensive industry and academic relationships to create Gartner products and services that address each role across an enterprise. Within the Research segment, Global Technology Sales (“GTS”) sells products and services to users and providers of technology, while Global Business Sales (“GBS”) sells products and services to all other functional leaders, such as human resources, supply chain, finance, and marketing.

Our research agenda is defined by clients’ needs, focusing on the critical issues, opportunities and challenges they face every day. We are in steady contact with more than 15,000 distinct client enterprises worldwide. We publish tens of thousands of pages of original research annually, and our research experts had more than 460,000 direct client interactions in 2022. Our size and scale enable us to commit vast resources toward broader and deeper research coverage and to deliver insight to our clients based on what they need and where they are. The ongoing interaction of our research experts with our clients enables us to identify the most pertinent topics to them and develop relevant product and service enhancements to meet the evolving needs of users of our research. Our proprietary research content, presented in the form of reports, briefings, updates and related tools, is delivered directly to the client’s computer or mobile device via our website and/or product-specific portals.

Clients normally sign subscription contracts that provide access to our research content and advisory services for individual users over a defined period. We typically have a minimum contract period of twelve months for our research and advisory subscription contracts and, at December 31, 2022, over 70% of our contracts were multi-year.

•CONFERENCES. Gartner conferences are designed for information technology (“IT”) and business executives as well as decision makers looking to adapt and evolve their organizations through disruption and uncertainty, navigate risks and prioritize investments. Attendees experience sessions led by Gartner research experts, and the sessions include cutting-edge technology solutions, peer exchange workshops, one-on-one analyst and advisor meetings, consulting diagnostic workshops, keynotes and more. Our conferences also provide attendees with an opportunity to interact with IT and business executives from the world’s leading companies. In addition to role-specific summits and workshop-style seminars, Gartner hosts the Gartner Symposium/Xpo series, including its unique, flagship IT Symposium/Xpo®, which is held at several locations worldwide annually. During 2022, Gartner successfully held 25 in-person and 16 virtual conferences with more than 60,000 attendees, including eight Symposiums/Xpos. In addition, during 2022 we hosted 350+ peer networking meetings, and through the Evanta brand we hosted 350+ exclusive C-level meetings with close to 200 in-person.

•CONSULTING. Through its experienced consultants, Gartner Consulting serves chief information officers and other senior executives who are driving technology-related strategic initiatives to optimize technology investments and drive business impact. Gartner Consulting combines the power of Gartner’s market-leading research with custom analysis and on-the-ground support to help clients to turn insight and advice into action and impact.

Consulting solutions capitalize on Gartner assets that are invaluable to IT decision-making, including: (1) our extensive research, which ensures that our consulting analyses and advice are based on a deep understanding of the IT environment and the business of IT; (2) our market independence, which keeps our consultants focused on our clients’ success; and (3) our market-leading benchmarking capabilities, which provide relevant comparisons and best practices to assess and improve performance. Additionally, we provide actionable solutions for a range of IT-related priorities, including IT cost optimization, digital transformation and IT sourcing optimization.

COMPETITION

We believe that the principal factors that differentiate us from our competitors are as follows:

•Superior research content - We believe that we create the broadest, highest-quality and most relevant research coverage across all major functional roles in an enterprise. Our independent operating model and research analysis generates unbiased insight that we believe is timely, thought-provoking and comprehensive, and that is known for its high quality, independence and objectivity.

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•Our leading brand name - We have provided critical, trusted insight under the Gartner name for more than 40 years.

•Our global footprint and established customer base - We have a global presence with clients in approximately 90 countries and territories on six continents. A substantial portion of our revenue is derived from sales outside of the United States.

•Insight that creates connections - Our global community of experts, analysts and peers help provide the deep relationships that help clients stay ahead of the curve.

•Experienced management team - Our management team is comprised of research veterans and experienced industry executives with long tenure at Gartner.

•Substantial operating leverage in our business model - We can distribute our intellectual property and expertise across multiple platforms, including research and advisory subscription and membership programs, conferences and consulting engagements, to derive incremental revenue and profitability.

•Vast network of research experts and consultants - As of December 31, 2022, we had approximately 2,500 research experts and 880 experienced consultants located around the world. Our research experts are located in more than 30 countries and territories, enabling us to cover vast aspects of business and technology on a global basis.

Notwithstanding these differentiating factors, we face competition from a significant number of independent providers of information products and services. We compete indirectly with consulting firms and other data and information providers, including electronic and print media companies. These indirect competitors could choose to compete directly with us in the future. In addition, we face competition from free sources of information that are available to our clients through the internet. Limited barriers to entry exist in the markets in which we do business. As a result, new competitors may emerge and existing competitors may start to provide additional or complementary services. While we believe the breadth and depth of our research positions us well versus our competition, increased competition could result in loss of market share, diminished value in our products and services, reduced pricing, and increased sales and marketing expenditures.

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

Our success has resulted in part from proprietary methodologies, software, reusable knowledge capital and other intellectual property rights. We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark, trade secret, confidentiality, non-compete and other contractual provisions to protect our intellectual property rights. We have policies related to confidentiality, ownership, and the use and protection of Gartner’s intellectual property. We also enter into agreements with our employees and third parties as appropriate that protect our intellectual property, and we enforce these agreements if necessary. We recognize the value of our intellectual property in the marketplace and vigorously identify, create and protect it. Additionally, we actively monitor and enforce contract compliance by our end users.

HUMAN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT

We believe our people are our most valuable asset, enabling our long track record of global growth. From attracting diverse talent through our recruitment process, to cultivating that talent with learning and development opportunities and rewards for strong performers, to supporting overall wellness with meaningful benefits and engagement, we strive to put our people first. At December 31, 2022, we had approximately 19,500 employees globally, approximately 9,110 of which were outside of the U.S., and the overwhelming majority of our employees were full time.

Gartner is committed to providing equal employment opportunities to all applicants and employees without regard to any legally protected status. This commitment is formalized in our global and U.S. equal employment opportunity policies. We continually renew this commitment by seeking to optimize our recruitment and professional development processes, create networking and educational opportunities, celebrate heritage and history, celebrate community service, and create safe spaces for all employees. Our human capital management strategies are developed by executive management and overseen by the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors.

Diversity, Equity and Inclusion

Gartner is committed to creating a culture of inclusion - which is critical to the objectivity and independence we provide our clients. We celebrate diversity of thought and we welcome and encourage diverse perspectives. We embed Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (“DEI”) concepts into our culture and our critical people processes. Our DEI efforts are all about building the confidence and conviction in all of our associates – but particularly in our leaders - to do the right things and building a

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language of inclusion to foster this. Our DEI Executive Council, composed of our CEO, Chief Human Resources Officer, CFO, General Counsel, head of DEI, and other selected leaders, drives diversity, equity and inclusion as an imperative at all levels of the organization. In addition, the DEI Center of Excellence operationalizes strategy and establishes goals against key metrics to drive greater transparency and accountability. Our teams of employees are composed of individuals from different geographies, cultures, religions, ethnicities, races, genders, sexual orientations, abilities and generations working together to solve problems. Currently, 33% of our Board of Directors and 23% of our executive management team identifies as female, and 25% of our Board of Directors identifies as racially or ethnically diverse. As of December 31, 2022, approximately 47% of our employees worldwide identified as female and 24% of employees in the U.S. identified as racially or ethnically diverse. On a worldwide basis, our employees were represented by more than 85 self-identified nationalities working in 38 different countries and territories.

We emphasize the importance of inclusion to leaders and managers and the value of fostering a sense of belonging within their teams. We also continue to invest in learning opportunities to develop DEI at Gartner. For example, in addition to our popular Embracing Diversity & Being Inclusive training module, which covers the importance of diversity and inclusion at Gartner and the role of unconscious bias, we added a new module this year called Equity vs. Equality, which focuses on fostering a more equitable workplace.

The Company supports a number of employee-driven Employee Resource Groups (“ERGs”) that bring employees together to foster a diverse, inclusive and supportive workplace. Gartner currently has six formal ERGs supporting underrepresented racial, ethnic and multicultural backgrounds, women, the LGBTQ+ community, veterans and employees with disabilities. Participation in ERGs is voluntary and open to all employees. In 2022, over 5,300 Gartner associates were members of at least one ERG.

Health, Safety and Compensation

We seek to invest in meaningful, innovative and inclusive compensation and benefit programs that support physical, financial and emotional well-being of our employees. In addition to salaries, these programs (which vary by country/region) include annual bonuses, stock awards, an employee stock purchase plan, 401(k) matching, healthcare and insurance benefits, tax savings programs, such as health and dependent care flexible spending accounts, health savings account and pretax commuter benefits, generous paid time off, paid parental leave, life and disability insurance, business travel accident insurance, charity matching, employee assistance programs, tuition assistance and on-site services, such as health centers and fitness centers, among others. We believe that our equity grants facilitate retention as well as encourage performance of key personnel.

We operate under a hybrid virtual-first working arrangement, which provides additional flexibility to employees, enabling most of our employees to work remotely a substantial portion of the time. We also provide a number of free mental and behavioral health resources, including access to the Employee Assistance Program for employees and their dependents.

Talent Development, Retention and Training

Gartner aims to foster a culture of lifelong learning, getting feedback and evolving. In addition to helping employees unlock their full potential through mechanisms like continuous feedback and performance appraisals, we have dedicated programs designed to develop effective leaders. We also offer rotational programs and an online learning experience platform for employees called GartnerYou. In 2022, GartnerYou offered more than 46,000 learning resources, with over 400,000 completions globally. Since our Sales and Research & Advisory teams make up approximately 50% of total employees worldwide, we also have formal, dedicated programs to help train and onboard new hires as well as more experienced managers and leaders within Sales and Research & Advisory. In 2021, Gartner transformed how we onboard new sales hires so they more quickly develop the core competencies tied to sales success. Rooted in learning and development best practices, the reimagined program operates in a scalable model that provides new sales hires in their first year with access to as many as 2,100 well-paced, just-in-time learning assets. In 2022, we expanded the program, and more than 3,100 sales associates participated. Through these programs, we believe our teams develop role-specific knowledge and skills, increase productivity and improve performance.

We also strive to develop an inclusive and engaging environment that makes Gartner a vibrant, exciting place to work. We believe the greatest catalyst to engagement comes from leadership — particularly their efforts to set direction, allocate resources, and build individual and organizational capability. We embed our associate survey efforts within our business units so that the insight we glean can help leaders understand the opportunities for effecting organizational growth. Business-unit-specific survey results are used for a number of leader-specific interventions, from individualized coaching to team-based skill-building to business-unit-wide initiatives targeting key areas of engagement. While we experienced a decrease in associate turnover in 2022, our average employee tenure decreased from 5.1 years in 2021 to 4.5 years in 2022, primarily due to increased new hires in 2022.

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Our Communities and the Environment

Our associates have a long history of individual and team volunteering. Gartner facilitates a charity match program. In 2022, over 19% of associates made matched donations to more than 3,600 nonprofits, amounting to over $7.1 million donated by Gartner and its associates. In 2022, Gartner associates also logged approximately 24,300 hours supporting over 580 nonprofit organizations around the world. Finally, in 2022, we announced our commitment to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2035 in accordance with Science Based Target initiative’s (SBTi) Net-Zero Standard.

We encourage you to review our Corporate Responsibility Report located on our website at gartner.com, under the “Corporate Responsibilities” link in the “About” tab for more detailed information regarding our Human Capital programs and initiatives. Nothing on our website, including our Corporate Responsibility Report or sections thereof, shall be deemed incorporated by reference into this Annual Report, or any other filing we make with the SEC.

GOVERNMENT CONTRACTS

Our U.S. government contracts are subject to the approval of appropriations by the U.S. Congress to fund the agencies contracting for our products and services. Additionally, our contracts at the state and local levels, as well as foreign government contracts, are subject to various governmental authorizations and funding approvals and mechanisms. Certain of these contracts may be terminated at any time by the government entity without cause or penalty.

AVAILABLE INFORMATION

Our internet address is gartner.com and the Investor Relations section of our website is at investor.gartner.com. We make available free of charge, on or through the Investor Relations section of our website, printable copies of our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Unless expressly noted, the information on our website or any other website is not incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K and should not be considered part of this Form 10-K or any other filing we make with the SEC.

Also available at investor.gartner.com, under the “Governance” link, are printable and current copies of our: (i) CEO and CFO Code of Ethics, which applies to our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Controller and other financial managers; (ii) Global Code of Conduct, which applies to all Gartner officers, directors and employees, wherever located; (iii) Principles and Practices of the Board of Directors of Gartner, Inc., the corporate governance principles that have been adopted by our Board; and (iv) charters for each of the Board’s standing committees: Audit, Compensation and Governance/Nominating. We will disclose any waiver we grant to an executive officer or director under our Code of Ethics, or certain amendments to the Code of Ethics, on our website at investor.gartner.com, under the “Governance” link.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.

We operate in a highly competitive and rapidly changing environment that involves numerous risks and uncertainties, some of which are beyond our control. In addition, we and our clients are affected by global economic conditions and trends. The following sections address significant factors, events and uncertainties that make an investment in our securities risky. We urge you to consider carefully the factors described below and the risks that they present for our operations, as well as the risks addressed in other reports and materials that we file with the SEC and the other information, included or incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K. When the factors, events and contingencies described below or elsewhere in this Form 10-K materialize, there could be a material adverse impact on our business, prospects, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows, and therefore have a potential negative effect on the trading price of our common stock. Additional risks not currently known to us or that we now deem immaterial may also harm us and negatively affect your investment. In addition to the effects of the global economic and geopolitical climate on our business and operations discussed in Item 7 of this Form 10-K and in the risk factors below, additional or unforeseen effects from the global economic and geopolitical climate may give rise to or amplify many of these risks discussed below. Risks in this section are grouped in the following categories: (1) strategic and operational risks; (2) macroeconomic and industry risks; (3) legal and regulatory risks; and (4) risks related to our Common Stock. Many risks affect more than one category, and the risks are not in order of significance or probability of occurrence because they have been grouped by categories.

Strategic and Operational Risks

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We may not be able to maintain the quality of our existing products and services. We operate in a rapidly evolving market, and our success depends on our ability to deliver high quality and timely research and analysis to our clients. Any failure to continue to provide credible and reliable information and advice that is useful to our clients could have a material adverse effect on future business and operating results. Further, if our published data, opinions or viewpoints are considered to be wrong, lack independence, or are not substantiated by appropriate research, our reputation will suffer and demand for our products and services may decline. In addition, we must continue to improve our methods for delivering our products and services in a cost-effective manner via the internet and mobile applications in an inflationary economic environment. Failure to maintain state of the art electronic delivery capabilities could materially adversely affect our future business and operating results.

We may not be able to enhance and develop our existing products and services or introduce the new products and services that are needed to remain competitive. The market for our products and services is characterized by rapidly changing needs for information and analysis. The development of new products is a complex and time-consuming process. Nonetheless, to maintain our competitive position, we must continue to anticipate the needs of our clients, develop, enhance and improve our existing products, as well as new products and services to address those needs, deliver all products and services in a timely, user-friendly and state of the art manner, and appropriately position and price new products and services relative to the marketplace and our costs of developing them. Any failure to achieve successful client acceptance of new products and services could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial position. Additionally, significant delays in new product or service releases or significant problems in creating new products or services could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial position.

Technology is rapidly evolving, and if we do not continue to develop new product and service offerings in response to these changes, our business could suffer. Disruptive technologies, including in areas of artificial intelligence and machine learning, are rapidly changing the environment in which we, our clients, and our competitors operate and could affect the nature of how we generate revenue. We will need to continue to respond to and anticipate these changes by enhancing our product and service offerings to maintain our competitive position. However, we may not be successful in responding to these forces and enhancing our product and service offerings on a timely basis, and any enhancements we develop may not adequately address the changing needs of our clients. Our future success will depend upon our ability to develop and introduce in a timely manner new or enhance existing offerings that address the changing needs of this constantly evolving marketplace. Failure to develop products that meet the needs of our clients in a timely manner could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial position.

In addition, some of our content is exposed to Internet search engines, which help generate website traffic. Search engines often update their proprietary algorithms, which affects the placement of links to our websites. Some search engines also provide substantive content in search results, which, if expanded to the areas in which we operate, could reduce the need to enter our websites. When a major search engine changes its algorithms in a manner that negatively affects our placement in search results or makes it less likely for our target audience to enter our websites, our business, results of operations and financial position may be harmed.

Our Research business depends on renewals of subscription-based services and sales of new subscription-based services for a significant portion of our revenue, and our failure to renew at historical rates or generate new sales of such services will lead to a decrease in our revenues. A large portion of our success depends on our ability to generate renewals of our subscription-based research products and services and new sales of such products and services, both to new clients and existing clients. These products and services constituted approximately 76% and 79% of total revenues from our on-going operations for 2022 and 2021, respectively. Generating new sales of our subscription-based products and services, both to new and existing clients, is a challenging, costly, and often time-consuming process. If we are unable to generate new sales, due to competition or other factors, our revenues will be adversely affected.

Our research subscription contracts are typically for twelve months or longer. Our ability to maintain contract renewals is subject to numerous factors, including the following:

•delivering high-quality and timely analysis and advice to our clients;

•understanding and anticipating market trends and the changing needs of our clients; and

•providing products and services of the quality and timeliness necessary to withstand competition.

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Additionally, as we continue to adjust our products and service offerings to meet our clients’ continuing needs, we may shift the type and pricing of our products which may impact client renewal rates. While our Research client retention rate was 86% for both 2022 and 2021, there can be no guarantee that we will continue to maintain this rate of client renewals.

The profitability and success of our conferences and other meetings are subject to external factors beyond our control. Our Conferences business constituted approximately 7% and 5% of total revenues from our on-going operations in 2022 and 2021, respectively. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we cancelled in-person conferences scheduled for 2020 beginning in late February/early March 2020. We began holding virtual conferences during the second half of 2020. These virtual conferences resulted in significantly less revenue and gross contribution, but we believe aided in client retention and engagement. We had planned in-person conferences for 2021, but cancelled those conferences due to the ongoing pandemic. We re-launched in-person destination conferences during the second quarter of 2022 and expect to focus on in-person destination conferences in future periods as conditions permit. Although we have returned to offering some in-person conferences, our Conferences revenues may continue to be negatively impacted if in-person conferences are not permitted to be held in the jurisdictions of the conference venues, if client policies prohibit or restrict business travel or if there are public health concerns for attendees, exhibitors or our employees.

The market for desirable dates and locations for our activities has historically been highly competitive. If we cannot secure desirable dates and suitable venues for our conferences the profitability for these conferences will suffer, and our financial position and results of operations may be adversely affected. In addition, because our conferences are scheduled in advance and held at specific locations, the success of these activities can be affected by circumstances outside of our control, such as the occurrence of or concerns related to communicable diseases (such as COVID-19), labor strikes, transportation shutdowns and travel restrictions, economic slowdowns, reductions in government spending, geopolitical crises, terrorist attacks, war, weather, natural disasters, and other occurrences impacting the global, regional, or national economies, the occurrence of any of which could negatively impact the success of the conference or meeting. We also face the challenge of procuring venues that are sizeable enough at a reasonable cost to accommodate some of our major activities.

We also face risks related to insurance coverage for our cancelled 2020 and 2021 conferences. Our event cancellation insurance, including a two-year policy covering destination conferences during 2020 and 2021 and a policy covering Evanta conferences during 2020, provided up to $170 million in coverage for 2020 cancellations with the right to reinstate the policy limits one time if those limits are utilized. The insurer has contested our right to reinstate the limits and to use reinstated limits to cover losses resulting from conferences cancelled due to COVID-19. Gartner's two-year event cancellation policy also covered events that were planned for 2021 but cancelled, with limits of $150 million with the right to reinstate up to that amount one time if the initial limits are inadequate. The insurer has contested all coverage for events cancelled in 2021 due to COVID-19. We are in litigation with the insurer on these issues. In 2021, we received $166.9 million of insurance proceeds related to 2020 event cancellation claims and recorded a gain of $152.3 million. We received an additional $3.1 million related to 2020 event cancellation insurance claims in February 2023.

In its lawsuit against the insurer, Gartner is seeking to reinstate and recover up to an additional $20 million for cancelled 2020 Evanta meetings and to reinstate and recover up to an additional $150 million in losses from cancelled 2020 destination conferences. Gartner is also seeking $150 million in initial limits for events cancelled in 2021 and to reinstate those limits up to an additional $150 million. In 2022, Gartner also commenced litigation against the insurance broker who negotiated and procured our event cancellation insurance. It is difficult to predict how long it will take to resolve these lawsuits and the resolution could affect our financial results.

Our insurance coverage for 2022 (and likely beyond) excludes coverage for cancellations due to communicable diseases.

Our Consulting business depends on non-recurring engagements and our failure to secure new engagements could lead to a decrease in our revenues. Consulting segment revenues constituted approximately 9% of total revenues from our on-going operations in both 2022 and 2021. Consulting engagements typically are project-based and non-recurring. In addition, revenue from our contract optimization business can fluctuate significantly from period to period and is not predictable. Our ability to replace consulting engagements is subject to numerous factors, including the following:

•delivering consistent, high-quality consulting services to our clients;

•tailoring our consulting services to the changing needs of our clients; and

•our ability to match the skills and competencies of our consulting staff to the skills required for the fulfillment of existing or potential consulting engagements.

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A material decline in our ability to replace consulting engagements will have an adverse impact on our revenues and our financial condition.

We may not be able to attract and retain qualified personnel which could jeopardize the quality of our products and services and our future growth plans. Our success is based on attracting and retaining talented employees and we depend heavily upon the quality of our senior management, research analysts, consultants, sales and other key personnel. The market for highly skilled workers and leaders in our industry is extremely competitive. We face competition for qualified professionals from, among others, technology companies, market research firms, consulting firms, financial services companies and electronic and print media companies, some of which have a greater ability to attract and compensate these professionals. Moreover, increasing wage inflation may affect our profit margin as we strive to provide compensation packages that are competitive. We face risks related to global labor shortages, and competitive markets have increased attrition throughout our sector. Additionally, some of the personnel that we attempt to hire are subject to non-compete agreements that could impede our short-term recruitment efforts. Our employee hiring and retention also depend on our brand and reputation as well as our ability to build and maintain a diverse and inclusive workplace culture that enables our employees to thrive. We may also be limited in our ability to recruit internationally by restrictive domestic immigration laws, and changes to policies that restrain the flow of technical and professional talent could inhibit our ability to adequately staff our research and development and other efforts.

An inability to retain key personnel or to hire and train additional qualified personnel could materially adversely affect the quality of our products and services, as well as our future business and operating results or stock price. In addition, effective succession planning is important to our long-term success, and failure to ensure effective transfer of knowledge and smooth transitions involving key employees could hinder our strategic planning and execution.

Additionally, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the vast majority of our employees transitioned to working from home. In early 2022, we began to operate under a hybrid virtual-first working environment, meaning that most of our employees have the option to work remotely at least some of the time for the foreseeable future. The hybrid working environment may impair our ability to maintain our culture of collaboration and continuous improvement, and may cause disruptions among our employees, including lost productivity, communication challenges and, potentially, employee dissatisfaction and attrition.

If we are unable to enforce and protect our intellectual property rights, our competitive position may be harmed. We rely on a combination of copyright, trademark, trade secret, patent, confidentiality, non-compete and other contractual provisions to protect our intellectual property rights. Despite our efforts to protect our intellectual property rights, unauthorized third parties may obtain and use technology or other information that we regard as proprietary. Our intellectual property rights may not survive a legal challenge to their validity or provide significant protection for us. The laws and enforcement mechanisms of certain countries, particularly in emerging markets, do not protect our proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States. Conducting business in certain foreign jurisdictions may require accepting compromised protections or yielding of rights to technology, data or intellectual property rights in order to access those markets. Accordingly, we may not be able to protect our intellectual property against unauthorized or undesired third-party copying or use, which could adversely affect our competitive position. Additionally, there can be no assurance that another party will not assert that we have infringed its intellectual property rights.

Our employees are subject to restrictive covenant agreements (which include provisions related to employees’ ability to compete and solicit customers and employees) and assignment of invention agreements, to the extent permitted under applicable law. When the period expires relating to their particular restrictions, former employees may compete against us. If a former employee violates the provisions of the restrictive covenant agreement, we seek to enforce the restrictions but there is no assurance that we will be successful in our efforts.

Privacy concerns could damage our reputation and deter current and potential clients from using our products and services or attending our conferences. Concerns relating to global data privacy have the potential to damage our reputation and deter current and prospective clients from using our products and services or attending our conferences. In the ordinary course of our business and in accordance with applicable laws, we collect personal information (i) from our employees, (ii) from the users of our products and services, including conference attendees, and (iii) from prospective clients. We collect only basic personal information from our clients and prospects. While we believe our overall data privacy procedures are adequate, the theft or loss of such data, or concerns about our practices, even if unfounded, with regard to the collection, use, disclosure, or security of this personal information or other data protection related matters could damage our reputation and materially adversely affect our operating results. Any systems failure or compromise of our security that results in the disclosure of our users’ personal data could seriously limit the consumption of our products and services and the attendance at our conferences, as well as harm our reputation and brand and, therefore, our business.

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We are exposed to risks related to cybersecurity. A significant portion of our business is conducted over the internet and we rely on the secure processing, storage and transmission of confidential, sensitive, proprietary and other types of information relating to our business operations and confidential and sensitive information about our customers and employees in our computer systems and networks, and in those of our third-party vendors. Individuals, groups, and state-sponsored organizations may take steps that pose threats to our operations, our computer systems, our employees, and our customers. The cybersecurity risks we face range from cyber attacks common to most industries, such as the development and deployment of malicious software to gain access to our networks and attempt to steal confidential information, launch distributed denial of service attacks, or attempt other coordinated disruptions, to more advanced threats that target us because of our prominence in the global research and advisory field.

Like many multinational corporations, we, and some third parties upon which we rely, have experienced cyber attacks on our computer systems and networks in the past and may experience them in the future, likely with more frequency and sophistication, and involving a broader range of devices and modes of attack, all of which will increase the difficulty of detecting and successfully defending against them. To date, none have resulted in any material adverse impact to our business, operations, products, services or customers. We have implemented various security controls to both meet our security obligations, while also defending against constantly evolving security threats. Our security controls help to secure our information systems, including our computer systems, intranet, proprietary websites, email and other telecommunications and data networks, and we scrutinize the security of outsourced website and service providers prior to retaining their services. However, the security measures implemented by us or by our outside service providers may not be effective and our systems (and those of our outside service providers) are vulnerable to theft, loss, damage and interruption from a number of potential sources and events, including unauthorized access or security breaches, cyber attacks, computer viruses, power loss, or other disruptive events. As a result of transitioning to a virtual-first hybrid, remote-work environment, most of our employees are working remotely, which magnifies the importance of the integrity of our remote access security measures. Additionally, the security compliance landscape continues to evolve, requiring us to stay apprised of changes in cybersecurity laws, regulations, and security requirements required by our clients, such as the European Union General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) and California Privacy Rights Act (CPRA), the Brazilian General Data Protection Law (LGPD), the Chinese Cybersecurity, Data Security and Personal Information Protection laws (and other new and proposed data protection laws), International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Recent well-publicized security breaches at other companies have led to enhanced government and regulatory scrutiny of the measures taken by companies to protect against cyber attacks, and may in the future result in heightened cybersecurity requirements, including additional regulatory expectations for oversight of vendors and service providers.

A cyber attack, widespread internet failure or internet access limitations, or disruption of our critical information technology systems through denial of service, viruses, or other events could cause delays in initiating or completing sales, impede delivery of our products and services to our clients, disrupt other critical client-facing or business processes or dislocate our critical internal functions. Additionally, any material breaches of cybersecurity or other technology-related catastrophe, or media reports of perceived security vulnerabilities to our systems or those of our third parties, even if no breach has been attempted or occurred, could cause us to experience reputational harm, loss of customers and revenue, fines, regulatory actions and scrutiny, sanctions or other statutory penalties, litigation, liability for failure to safeguard our customers’ information, or financial losses that are either not insured against or not fully covered through any insurance maintained by us.

Any of the foregoing may have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

We may experience outages and disruptions of our online services if we fail to maintain an adequate operations infrastructure. Our increasing user traffic and complexity of our products and services demand more computing power. We have invested substantial amounts and expect to continue investing (as necessary) in access to data centers and equipment and in moving more of our workload into cloud services, upgrading our technology and network infrastructure to handle increased traffic on our websites, and delivering our products and services through emerging channels, such as mobile applications. However, any inefficiencies or operational failures could diminish the quality of our products, services, and user experience, resulting in damage to our reputation and loss of current and potential users, subscribers, and advertisers, potentially harming our financial condition and operating results.

We have grown, and may continue to grow, through acquisitions and strategic investments, which could involve substantial risks. We have made and may continue to make acquisitions of, or significant investments in, businesses that offer complementary products and services or otherwise support our growth objectives. The risks involved in each acquisition or investment include the possibility of paying more than the value we derive from the acquisition, dilution of the interests of our current stockholders should we issue stock in the acquisition, decreased working capital, increased indebtedness, the assumption of undisclosed liabilities and unknown and unforeseen risks, the ability to retain key personnel of the acquired company, the inability to integrate the business of the acquired company, increase revenue or fully realize anticipated synergies,

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the time to train the sales force to market and sell the products of the acquired business, the potential disruption of our ongoing business and the distraction of management from our day to day business. The realization of any of these risks could adversely affect our business. Additionally, we face competition in identifying acquisition targets and consummating acquisitions.

We face risks related to leased office space. We assumed a significant amount of leased office space, in particular in Arlington, Virginia, in connection with the acquisition of CEB Inc. in 2017. In Arlington, we have consolidated all our businesses into a single building and have sublet substantially all of the excess space in our other properties. Through our real estate consolidations and other related activities, we seek to secure quality subtenants with appropriate sublease terms. However, if we fail to secure quality subtenants, or subtenants default on their sublease obligations with us or otherwise terminate their subleases with us, we may experience a loss of planned sublease rental income, which could result in a material charge against our operating results. Additionally, the long-term impact of responses to COVID-19 on leased office space availability and rental costs of leased office space is not yet known.

To accommodate our growth going forward, we have moved to a global hoteling model to better manage our footprint and operating expenses, and will secure new space when the opportunities and need arise. If the new spaces are not completed on schedule, or if the landlord defaults on its commitments and obligations pursuant to the new leases, we may incur additional expenses. In addition, unanticipated difficulties in initiating operations in a new space, including construction delays, natural disasters, IT system interruptions, or other infrastructure support problems, could result in a delay in moving into the new space, resulting in a potential loss of employee and operational productivity and a loss of revenue and/or additional expenses, which could also have an adverse, material impact on our operating results.

Our sales to governments are subject to appropriations and some may be terminated early. We derive significant revenues from research and consulting contracts with the United States government and its respective agencies, numerous state and local governments and their respective agencies, and foreign governments and their agencies. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, approximately $932 million and $790 million, respectively, of our outstanding revenue contracts were attributable to government entities. Our U.S. government contracts are subject to the approval of appropriations by the U.S. Congress to fund the agencies contracting for our services. Additionally, our contracts at the state and local levels, as well as foreign government contracts, are subject to various governmental authorizations and funding approvals and mechanisms. Certain of these contracts may be terminated at any time by the government entity without cause or penalty (“termination for convenience”). In addition, contracts with U.S. federal, state and local, and foreign governments and their respective agencies are subject to increasingly complex bidding procedures and compliance requirements, as well as intense competition. Failure to adequately abide by these procedures and compliance requirements could result in an inability to contract with governments or their agencies, termination of existing contracts, or even suspension and disbarment from doing future business with a government or agency. Moreover, while terminations by governments for lack of funding have not been significant historically, should appropriations for the various governments and agencies that contract with us be curtailed, or should our government contracts be terminated for convenience, we may experience a significant loss of revenues.

We may not be able to maintain the equity in our brand name. We believe that our “Gartner” brand, in particular our independence, is critical to our efforts to attract and retain clients and top talent, and that the importance of brand recognition will increase as competition increases. We may also discover that our brand, though recognized, is not perceived to be relevant by new market segments we have targeted. We may expand our marketing activities to promote and strengthen the Gartner brand and may need to increase our marketing budget, hire additional marketing and public relations personnel, and expend additional sums to protect our brand and otherwise increase expenditures to create and maintain client brand loyalty. If we fail to effectively promote, maintain, and protect the Gartner brand, or incur excessive expenses in doing so, our future business and operating results could be materially adversely impacted.

Our outstanding debt obligations could negatively impact our financial condition and future operating results. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had outstanding debt of $282 million under its 2020 term loan and revolving credit facility (the “2020 Credit Agreement”), $800 million of Senior Notes due 2028 (the “2028 Notes”), $600 million of Senior Notes due 2029 (the “2029 Notes”) and $800 million of Senior Notes due 2030 (the “2030 Notes”). Additional information regarding the 2020 Credit Agreement, the 2028 Notes, the 2029 Notes and the 2030 Notes is included in Note 6 — Debt in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

The debt service requirements of these borrowings could impair our future financial condition and operating results. In addition, the affirmative, negative and financial covenants of the 2020 Credit Agreement, as well as the covenants related to the Senior Notes, could limit our future financial flexibility. A failure to comply with these covenants could result in acceleration of all amounts outstanding, which could materially impact our financial condition unless accommodations could be negotiated with our lenders and noteholders. No assurance can be given that we would be successful in doing so, or that any accommodations that we were able to negotiate would be on terms as favorable as those currently in place. The outstanding debt may limit the

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amount of cash or additional credit available to us, which could restrain our ability to expand or enhance products and services, respond to competitive pressures or pursue future business opportunities requiring substantial investments of additional capital.

In addition, variable-rate borrowings under our 2020 Credit Agreement typically use LIBOR as a benchmark based on market participant judgments for establishing the rate of interest. We expect LIBOR to disappear entirely after June 2023 for rates applicable to the 2020 Credit Agreement and our existing derivatives contracts. The Alternative Reference Rates Committee (ARRC), which was convened by the Federal Reserve Board and the New York Fed, has identified the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) as the recommended risk-free alternative rate for USD LIBOR. The future consequences of a transition away from LIBOR on our variable-rate borrowings, including the possible transition to rates based on observable transactions, such as SOFR, cannot be predicted at this time, but could include an increase in the cost of our variable-rate indebtedness and volatility in our earnings.

We may require additional cash resources which may not be available on favorable terms or at all. We may require additional cash resources due to changed business conditions, implementation of our strategy and stock repurchase program, to repay indebtedness or to pursue future business opportunities requiring substantial investments of additional capital, including acquisitions. If our existing financial resources are insufficient to satisfy our requirements, we may seek additional borrowings or issue debt. Prevailing credit and debt market conditions may negatively affect debt availability and cost, and, as a result, financing may not be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all. In addition, the incurrence of additional indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could require us to agree to operating and financial covenants that would further restrict our operations.

Natural disasters, pandemics, terrorist acts, war, actions by governments, and other geopolitical activities could disrupt our operations. We operate in numerous U.S. and international locations, and we have offices in a number of major cities across the globe. The occurrence of, or concerns related to, a major weather event, earthquake, hurricane, flood, drought, volcanic activity, disease or pandemic, or other natural disaster could significantly disrupt our operations. In addition, acts of civil unrest, failure of critical infrastructure, terrorism, armed conflict, war (including the war in Ukraine), and abrupt political change, as well as responses by various governments and the international community to such acts, can have a negative effect on our business. Such events could cause delays in initiating or completing sales, impede delivery of our products and services to our clients, disrupt or shut down the internet or other critical client-facing and business processes, impede the travel of our personnel and clients, dislocate our critical internal functions and personnel, and in general harm our ability to conduct normal business operations, any of which can negatively impact our financial condition and operating results. Such events could also impact the timing and budget decisions of our clients, which could materially adversely affect our business.

Macroeconomic and Industry Risks

We are subject to risks from operating globally. We have clients in approximately 90 countries and territories and a substantial amount of our revenue is earned outside of the United States. Our operating results are subject to all of the risks typically inherent in international business activities, including general political and economic conditions in each country, challenges in staffing and managing foreign operations, changes in regulatory requirements, compliance with numerous and complex foreign laws and regulations, currency restrictions and fluctuations, the difficulty of enforcing client agreements, collecting accounts receivable and protecting intellectual property rights including against economic espionage in international jurisdictions. Further, we rely on local distributors or sales agents in some international locations. If any of these arrangements are terminated by our agent or us, we may not be able to replace the arrangement on beneficial terms or on a timely basis, or clients of the local distributor or sales agent may not want to continue to do business with us or our new agent.

Additionally, tariffs, trade barriers and restrictions, and other acts by governments to protect domestic markets or to retaliate against the trade tariffs and restrictions of other nations could negatively affect our business operations. In addition, the withdrawal of nations from existing common markets or trading blocs, such as the exit of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (the EU), commonly referred to as Brexit, could be disruptive and negatively impact the business of our clients. We continue to monitor Brexit and its potential impacts on our results of operations and financial condition. Depending on the application of the terms of the trade and cooperation agreement, there could be near or long-term negative impacts on our clients who have significant operations in the UK. This may cause clients in the UK to forgo new purchases, and decrease renewals of subscription-based services and to request to cancel or renegotiate current subscription-based services. The impact of any of these effects of Brexit, among others, could materially harm our business and financial results.

Our operating results could be negatively impacted by global economic conditions. Our business is impacted by general economic conditions and trends in the United States and abroad, including without limitation inflation, slowing growth, rising interest rates and recession. In its recent report, Global Economics Prospects, January 2023, the World Bank reported that

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global growth is projected to decelerate sharply in 2023, to its third weakest pace in nearly three decades, overshadowed only by the 2009 and 2020 global recessions. According to the World Bank, this reflects policy tightening aimed at containing very high inflation, worsening financial conditions, and continued disruptions from Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. The report also notes that further negative shocks – such as higher inflation, even tighter policy, financial stress, deeper weakness in major economies, or rising geopolitical tensions – could push the global economy into recession. The World Bank predicts that global growth is expected to decelerate sharply to 1.7% in 2023 and increase modestly to 2.7% in 2024. A downturn in growth could negatively and materially affect future demand for our products and services in general, in certain geographic regions, in particular countries, or industry sectors, or could reduce demand for our in-person conferences. In addition, U.S. federal, state and local government spending limits may reduce demand for our products and services from those governmental agencies as well as organizations that receive funding from those agencies and could negatively affect macroeconomic conditions in the United States, which could further reduce demand for our products and services. Such difficulties could negatively impact our ability to maintain or improve the various business measurements we utilize (which are defined in this Annual Report), such as contract value and consulting backlog growth, client retention, wallet retention, consulting utilization rates, and the number of attendees and exhibitors at our conferences and other meetings. Failure to achieve acceptable levels of these indicators or improve them will negatively impact our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

We face significant competition and our failure to compete successfully could materially adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows. The markets for our products and services are characterized by intense competition and we face direct competition from a significant number of independent providers of information products and services, including information available on the internet free of charge. We also compete indirectly against consulting firms and other information providers, including electronic and print media companies, some of which have greater financial, information gathering and marketing resources than we do. These indirect competitors could also choose to compete directly with us in the future. In addition, low barriers to entry exist in the markets in which we do business. As a result, new competitors may emerge, and existing competitors may start to provide additional or complementary services. Additionally, technological advances may provide increased competition from a variety of sources.

There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully compete against current and future competitors and our failure to do so will result in loss of market share, diminished value in our products and services, reduced pricing and increased marketing expenditures. Furthermore, we will not be successful if we cannot compete effectively on quality of research and analysis, timely delivery of information, customer service, the ability to offer products to meet changing market needs for information and analysis, or price.

The COVID-19 pandemic had a material adverse impact on our operations and financial performance, specifically our Conferences segment, and may continue to have an adverse impact on our operations. We face challenges from evolving factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic that are not within our control, remain uncertain and to which we may not effectively respond. For example, our operations span numerous locations around the world, and many local governments and countries may impose various restrictions on our employees, partners and customers’ physical movement to limit the spread of COVID-19. These restrictions are constantly changing, and we cannot predict how long and to what extent they will continue. We also face increased operational hurdles as we make efforts to promote employee health and safety, including limiting travel and implementing a hybrid virtual-first work policy, meaning that most of our employees will have the option to work remotely at least some of the time, for the foreseeable future.

Additionally, for the continuing risks we face in our Conferences segment related to COVID-19, please refer above to the risk factor “The profitability and success of our conferences and other meetings are subject to external factors beyond our control.”

We are exposed to volatility in foreign currency exchange rates from our international operations. A significant portion of our revenues are typically derived from sales outside of the United States. Revenues earned outside the United States are typically transacted in local currencies, which may fluctuate significantly against the U.S. dollar. While we use forward exchange contracts to a limited extent to seek to mitigate foreign currency risk, our revenues and results of operations could be adversely affected by unfavorable foreign currency fluctuations.

Our business could be negatively impacted by climate change. While we seek to mitigate the business risks associated with climate change for our operations, there are inherent climate-related risks wherever business is conducted. Access to clean water and reliable energy in the communities where we conduct our business, whether for our offices, clients, vendors or other stakeholders is a priority. We have large offices in Connecticut, Florida, India, the United Kingdom, Spain and Australia, and other locations that are vulnerable to climate change effects. Changing market dynamics, global policy developments, and the increasing frequency and impact of extreme weather events on critical infrastructure in the U.S. and elsewhere have the potential to disrupt our business, the business of our vendors, and the business clients, and may cause us to experience higher attrition, losses and additional costs to maintain or resume operations.

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Failure to achieve ESG commitments or meet stakeholder expectations in ESG could harm our reputation. We have committed to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2035 in accordance with the SBTi's Net-Zero Standard. Our ability to achieve this and other ESG goals is subject to numerous risks outside of our control. Our failure to achieve them or continue practices that meet evolving stakeholder expectations in ESG could harm our reputation, adversely affect our ability to attract and retain employees or clients and expose us to increased scrutiny from investors and regulatory authorities.

Legal and Regulatory Risks

Our failure to comply with complex U.S. and foreign laws and regulations could have a material adverse effect on our operations or financial condition. Our business and operations may be conducted in countries where corruption has historically penetrated the economy. It is our policy to comply, and to require our local partners, distributors, agents, and those with whom we do business to comply, with all applicable anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws, such as the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the UK Bribery Act, regulations established by the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) and with applicable local laws of the foreign countries in which we operate. There can be no assurance that all of our employees, contractors and agents will comply with the Company’s policies that mandate compliance with these laws. Any determination that we have violated or are responsible for violations of these laws, even if inadvertent, could be costly and disrupt our business, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity and cash flows, as well as on our reputation. For example, during the second half of 2018 we fully cooperated with a South African government commission established to review a wide range of issues related to the country’s revenue service, including the procurement and fulfillment of consulting agreements we entered into with the revenue service through a sales agent from late 2014 through early 2017. In parallel, we commenced an internal investigation regarding this matter. We voluntarily disclosed the matter to the SEC and Department of Justice (DOJ) in November 2018. Since that time, we have cooperated fully with their review, and we are working toward a resolution. At this time, we do not believe the ultimate outcome of these matters will have a material effect on our financial results, however, an unexpected adverse resolution of these matters could negatively impact our financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity.

In addition, continuously evolving data protection laws and regulations, such as the European Union General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the decision in the Schrems II case, the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) and California Privacy Rights Act (CPRA), the Brazilian General Data Protection Law (LGPD), the Chinese Cybersecurity, Data Security and Personal Information laws and other new and proposed data protection laws, pose increasingly complex compliance challenges. We have implemented GDPR, CCPA, CPRA and LGPD compliance programs, as well as policies and processes to comply with the applicable Chinese data protection laws. In the meantime, Gartner will continue to maintain and rely upon our comprehensive global data protection compliance program, which includes administrative, technical, and physical controls to safeguard our associates’ and clients’ personal data. The interpretation and application of these laws in the United States, the EU, China and elsewhere are often uncertain, inconsistent and ever changing. Complying with these various laws could cause us to incur substantial costs or require us to change our business practices in a manner adverse to our business.

We face risks related to litigation. We are, and in the future may be, subject to a variety of legal actions, such as employment, breach of contract, intellectual property-related, and business torts, including claims of unfair trade practices and misappropriation of trade secrets. Given the nature of our business, we are also subject to defamation (including libel and slander), negligence, or other claims relating to the information we publish. Regardless of the merits of any claim and despite vigorous efforts to defend any such claim, claims can affect our reputation, and responding to any such claim could be time consuming, result in costly litigation and require us to enter into settlements, royalty and licensing agreements which may not be offered or available on reasonable terms. If a claim is made against us that we cannot defend or resolve on reasonable terms, our business, brand, and financial results could be materially adversely affected.

We face risks related to taxation. We are a global company and a substantial amount of our earnings is generated outside of the United States and taxed at rates other than the U.S. statutory federal income tax rate. Our effective tax rate, financial position and results of operations could be adversely affected by earnings being higher than anticipated in jurisdictions with higher statutory tax rates and, conversely, lower than anticipated in jurisdictions that have lower statutory tax rates, by changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and/or by changes in tax laws or accounting principles and their interpretation by relevant authorities. Corporate tax reform, base-erosion efforts and tax transparency continue to be high priorities in many countries. Tax reform legislation is being proposed or enacted in a number of jurisdictions where we do business. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (“the OECD”) has issued various proposals that would change long-standing global tax principles. These proposals include a two-pillar approach to global taxation (BEPS 2.0/ Pillar Two), focusing on global profit allocation and a global minimum tax rate. On December 12, 2022, the European Union member states agreed to implement the OECD’s global corporate minimum tax rate of 15%, to be effective as of January 2024. Other countries are also actively considering changes to their tax laws to adopt certain parts of the OECD’s proposals. In December 2022, South Korea

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enacted new global minimum tax rules to align with Pillar Two. The enactment of this and similar legislation could significantly increase our tax obligations in many countries where we do business. These actual, potential, and other changes, both individually and collectively, could materially increase our effective tax rate and negatively impact our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. We will continue to monitor and reflect the impact of such legislative changes in future financial statements as appropriate.

In addition, our tax filings for various years are subject to examination by domestic and international taxing authorities and, during the ordinary course of business, we are under audit by various tax authorities. Recent and future actions on the part of the OECD and various governments have increased scrutiny of our tax filings. Although we believe that our tax filings and related accruals are reasonable, the final resolution of tax audits may be materially different from what is reflected in our historical tax provisions and accruals and could have a material adverse effect on our effective tax rate, financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.

Our corporate compliance program cannot guarantee that we are in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations. We operate in a number of countries, including emerging markets, and as a result we are required to comply with numerous, and in many cases, changing international and U.S. federal, state and local laws and regulations, including regulations relating to the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war. Accordingly, we have a corporate compliance program that includes the creation of appropriate policies defining employee behavior that mandate adherence to laws, employee training, annual affirmations, monitoring and enforcement. However, failure of any employee to comply with any of these laws, regulations or our policies, could result in a range of liabilities for the employee and for the Company, including, but not limited to, significant penalties and fines, sanctions and/or litigation, and the expenses associated with defending and resolving any of the foregoing, any of which could have a negative impact on our reputation and business.

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

Our anti-takeover protections may discourage or prevent a change of control, even if a change in control would be beneficial to our stockholders. Provisions of our restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws and Delaware law may make it difficult for any party to acquire control of us in a transaction not approved by our Board of Directors. These provisions include: (i) the ability of our Board of Directors to issue and determine the terms of preferred stock; (ii) advance notice requirements for inclusion of stockholder proposals at stockholder meetings; and (iii) the anti-takeover provisions of Delaware law. These provisions could discourage or prevent a change of control or change in management that might provide stockholders with a premium to the market price of their common stock.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.

None.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES.

As of December 31, 2022, we leased approximately 20 domestic and 65 international office properties for our ongoing business operations. These offices, which exclude certain properties that we sublease to others, support our executive and administrative activities, research and consulting, sales, systems support, operations, and other functions. Our corporate office is based in Stamford, Connecticut. We also maintain an important presence in: Fort Myers, Florida; Arlington, Virginia; Egham, the United Kingdom; Gurgaon, India; Irving, Texas; and Barcelona, Spain. The Company does not own any real property.

Our Stamford corporate headquarters is comprised of leased office space in two buildings located on the same campus. Our lease for the Stamford headquarters facility expires in 2027 and contains three five-year renewal options at fair value.

In early 2022, we began to operate under a hybrid virtual-first working environment, meaning that most of our employees have the option to work remotely at least some of the time for the foreseeable future. As a result, we believe our current real estate footprint is sufficient to support future growth.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

We are involved in legal and administrative proceedings and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. We believe that the potential liability, if any, in excess of amounts already accrued from all proceedings, claims and litigation will not have a material effect on our financial position, cash flows or results of operations when resolved in a future period.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.

16

Not applicable.

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PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.

Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “IT”. As of February 3, 2023, there were 969 holders of record of our common stock. Our 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders will be held virtually on June 1, 2023.

SECURITIES AUTHORIZED FOR ISSUANCE UNDER EQUITY COMPENSATION PLANS

The equity compensation plan information set forth in Part III, Item 12 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K is hereby incorporated by reference into this Part II, Item 5.

SHARE REPURCHASES

In May 2015, our Board of Directors (the “Board”) authorized a share repurchase program to repurchase up to $1.2 billion of our common stock. The Board authorized incremental share repurchases of up to an additional $1.6 billion and $1.0 billion of the Company’s common stock during 2021 and 2022, respectively. On February 2, 2023, the Company's Board of Directors authorized incremental share repurchases of up to an additional $400 million of Gartner's common stock. The Company may repurchase its common stock from time-to-time in amounts, at prices and in the manner that the Company deems appropriate, subject to the availability of stock, prevailing market conditions, the trading price of the stock, the Company’s financial performance and other conditions. Repurchases may be made through open market purchases (which may include repurchase plans designed to comply with Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), accelerated share repurchases, private transactions or other transactions and will be funded by cash on hand and borrowings. Repurchases may also be made from time-to-time in connection with the settlement of the Company’s stock-based compensation awards. The table below summarizes the repurchases of our common stock during the three months ended December 31, 2022 pursuant to our share repurchase program and the settlement of stock-based compensation awards.

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased (#)	Average Price Paid Per Share ($)		Total Number of Shares Purchased Under Announced Programs (#)	Maximum Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (in thousands)
October 1, 2022 to October 31, 2022	24,587	$	279.60	24,196	$	606,007
November 1, 2022 to November 30, 2022	9,392	320.65		—	606,007
December 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022	4,189	344.30		—	$	606,007
Total for the quarter (1)	38,168	$	296.80	24,196

(1)The repurchased shares during the three months ended December 31, 2022 included purchases for both the settlement of stock-based compensation awards and open market purchases.

ITEM 6. [RESERVED]

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

The purpose of this Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) is to facilitate an understanding of significant factors influencing the operating results, financial condition and cash flows of Gartner, Inc. Additionally, the MD&A conveys our expectations of the potential impact of known trends, events or uncertainties that may impact future results. You should read this discussion in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Historical results and percentage relationships are not necessarily indicative of operating results for future periods. References to “Gartner,” the “Company,” “we,” “our” and “us” in this MD&A are to Gartner, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

This MD&A provides an analysis of our consolidated financial results, segment results and cash flows for 2022 and 2021 under the headings “Results of Operations,” “Segment Results” and “Liquidity and Capital Resources.” For a similar detailed discussion comparing 2021 and 2020, refer to those headings under Item 7., “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

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In addition to GAAP results, we provide foreign currency neutral dollar amounts and percentages for our revenues, certain expenses, contract values and other metrics. These foreign currency neutral dollar amounts and percentages eliminate the effects of exchange rate fluctuations and thus provide a more accurate and meaningful trend in the underlying data being measured. We calculate foreign currency neutral dollar amounts by converting the underlying amounts in local currency for different periods into U.S. dollars by applying the same foreign exchange rates to all periods presented.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

In addition to historical information, this Annual Report on Form 10-K contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements are any statements other than statements of historical fact, including statements regarding our expectations, beliefs, hopes, intentions, projections or strategies regarding the future. In some cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “should,” “could,” “believe,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “continue” or other words of similar meaning.

We operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment that involves numerous known and unknown risks and uncertainties, some of which are beyond our control. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in any of our forward-looking statements are reasonable, actual results could differ materially from those projected or assumed in any of our forward-looking statements. Our future quarterly and annual revenues, operating income, results of operations and cash flows, as well as any forward-looking statement, are subject to change and to inherent risks and uncertainties, such as those disclosed or incorporated by reference in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Important factors that could cause our actual results, performance and achievements, or industry results to differ materially from estimates or projections contained in our forward-looking statements include, among others, the following: the impact of general economic conditions, including inflation (and related monetary policy by governments in response to inflation), on economic activity and our operations; changes in macroeconomic and market conditions and market volatility, including interest rates and the effect on the credit markets and access to capital; the impact of global economic and geopolitical conditions, including inflation, recession and the COVID-19 pandemic; our ability to carry out our strategic initiatives and manage associated costs; our ability to recover potential claims under our event cancellation insurance; the timing of conferences and meetings, in particular our Gartner Symposium/Xpo series that normally occurs during the fourth quarter; our ability to achieve and effectively manage growth, including our ability to integrate our acquisitions and consummate and integrate future acquisitions; our ability to pay our debt obligations; our ability to maintain and expand our products and services; our ability to expand or retain our customer base; our ability to grow or sustain revenue from individual customers; our ability to attract and retain a professional staff of research analysts and consultants as well as experienced sales personnel upon whom we are dependent, especially in light of increasing labor competition; our ability to achieve continued customer renewals and achieve new contract value, backlog and deferred revenue growth in light of competitive pressures; our ability to successfully compete with existing competitors and potential new competitors; our ability to enforce and protect our intellectual property rights; additional risks associated with international operations, including foreign currency fluctuations; the impact on our business resulting from changes in international conditions, including those resulting from the war in Ukraine and current and future sanctions imposed by governments or other authorities; the impact of restructuring and other charges on our businesses and operations; cybersecurity incidents; risks associated with the creditworthiness, budget cuts, and shutdown of governments and agencies; our ability to meet ESG commitments; the impact of changes in tax policy (including the recently enacted Inflation Reduction Act of 2022) and heightened scrutiny from various taxing authorities globally; changes to laws and regulations; and other risks and uncertainties. The potential fluctuations in our operating income could cause period-to-period comparisons of operating results not to be meaningful and could provide an unreliable indication of future operating results. A description of the risk factors associated with our business is included under “Risk Factors” in Item 1A. of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Forward-looking statements are subject to risks, estimates and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed in, or implied by, the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such a difference include, but are not limited to, those listed above or described under “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Readers should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s opinion only as of the date on which they were made. Forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K speak only as of the date hereof, and forward-looking statements in documents attached that are incorporated by reference speak only as of the date of those documents. Except as required by law, we disclaim any obligation to review or update these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances as they occur.

BUSINESS OVERVIEW

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Gartner, Inc. (NYSE: IT) delivers actionable, objective insight to executives and their teams. Our expert guidance and tools enable faster, smarter decisions and stronger performance on an organization’s mission critical priorities.

We are a trusted advisor and an objective resource for more than 15,000 enterprises in approximately 90 countries and territories — across all major functions, in every industry and enterprise size.

Gartner delivers its products and services globally through three business segments – Research, Conferences and Consulting, as described below.

•Research equips executives and their teams from every function and across all industries with actionable, objective insight, guidance and tools. Our experienced experts deliver all this value informed by a combination of practitioner-sourced and data-driven research to help our clients address their mission critical priorities.

•Conferences provides executives and teams across an organization the opportunity to learn, share and network. From our Gartner Symposium/Xpo series, to industry-leading conferences focused on specific business roles and topics, to peer-driven sessions, our offerings enable attendees to experience the best of Gartner insight and guidance.

•Consulting serves senior executives leading technology-driven strategic initiatives leveraging the power of Gartner’s actionable, objective insight. Through custom analysis and on-the-ground support we enable optimized technology investments and stronger performance on our clients’ mission critical priorities.

Recent Events

The invasion of Ukraine by Russia and the sanctions and other measures being imposed in response to this conflict have increased the level of economic and political uncertainty. In March 2022, we began winding down our business in Russia. Russia has not composed a material portion of our consolidated revenues, net income, net assets or workforce. We do not have a business in Ukraine. Other impacts due to this evolving situation are currently unknown and could subject our business to materially adverse consequences should the situation escalate or cause an expansion of economic disruption beyond its current scope to the rest of Europe, where a material portion of our business is carried out. A prolonged disruption may adversely affect our business operations, financial performance and results of operations.

Inflation rates, particularly in North America and Europe, have increased significantly in the past year. Inflation has not had a material effect on our business operations, financial performance and results of operations, other than its impact on the general economy. However, if our costs, in particular personnel-related costs, were to become subject to significant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs through price increases in future periods. Our inability or failure to realize these offsets could adversely affect our business operations, financial performance and results of operations.

On August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 was enacted into law in the United States. The statute includes a 15% corporate alternative minimum tax on U.S. corporations with adjusted financial statement income in excess of $1.0 billion which is effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2022. The statute also includes a 1% excise tax on publicly traded U.S. corporations for the value of any of its stock that is repurchased by the corporation, excluding certain excepted repurchases. We do not expect it will have a material impact on our future U.S. tax expense, cash taxes and effective tax rate. We also do not expect it to have a material impact on the amount of potential future share repurchases.

In November 2022, we entered into a definitive agreement to sell our TalentNeuron business. As of December 31, 2022, the assets and liabilities of TalentNeuron were considered held for sale, resulting in $49.0 million of assets held for sale and $30.8 million of liabilities held for sale on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The majority of the held for sale assets were goodwill, intangible assets, net and accounts receivable, with carrying amounts of $16.0 million, $9.5 million and $15.9 million, respectively, while the majority of the held for sale liabilities was deferred revenues, with a carrying amount of $27.1 million. TalentNeuron is included in our Research segment.

On February 2, 2023, we completed the sale of TalentNeuron for approximately $164.0 million, prior to final working capital adjustments.

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BUSINESS MEASUREMENTS

We believe that the following business measurements are important performance indicators for our business segments:

BUSINESS SEGMENT	BUSINESS MEASUREMENT
Research	Contract value represents the dollar value attributable to all of our subscription-related contracts. It is calculated as the annualized value of all contracts in effect at a specific point in time, without regard to the duration of the contract. Contract value primarily includes Research deliverables for which revenue is recognized on a ratable basis, as well as other deliverables (primarily Conferences tickets) for which revenue is recognized when the deliverable is utilized. Comparing contract value year-over-year not only measures the short-term growth of our business, but also signals the long-term health of our Research subscription business since it measures revenue that is highly likely to recur over a multi-year period. Our contract value consists of Global Technology Sales contract value, which includes sales to users and providers of technology, and Global Business Sales contract value, which includes sales to all other functional leaders.
	Client retention rate represents a measure of client satisfaction and renewed business relationships at a specific point in time. Client retention is calculated on a percentage basis by dividing our current clients, who were also clients a year ago, by all clients from a year ago. Client retention is calculated at an enterprise level, which represents a single company or customer.
	Wallet retention rate represents a measure of the amount of contract value we have retained with clients over a twelve-month period. Wallet retention is calculated on a percentage basis by dividing the contract value of our current clients, who were also clients a year ago, by the contract value from a year ago, excluding the impact of foreign currency exchange. When wallet retention exceeds client retention, it is an indication of retention of higher-spending clients, or increased spending by retained clients, or both. Wallet retention is calculated at an enterprise level, which represents a single company or customer.
Conferences	Number of destination conferences represents the total number of hosted virtual or in-person conferences completed during the period. Single day, local meetings are excluded.
	Number of destination conferences attendees represents the total number of people who attend virtual or in-person conferences. Single day, local meetings are excluded.
Consulting	Consulting backlog represents future revenue to be derived from in-process consulting and benchmark analytics engagements.
	Utilization rate represents a measure of productivity of our consultants. Utilization rates are calculated for billable headcount on a percentage basis by dividing total hours billed by total hours available to bill.
	Billing rate represents earned billable revenue divided by total billable hours.
	Average annualized revenue per billable headcount represents a measure of the revenue generating ability of an average billable consultant and is calculated periodically by multiplying the average billing rate per hour times the utilization percentage times the billable hours available for one year.

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL POSITION

The fundamentals of our strategy include a focus on creating actionable insights for executive leaders and their teams, delivering innovative and highly differentiated product offerings, building a strong sales capability, providing world class client service with a focus on client engagement and retention, and continuously improving our operational effectiveness.

We had total revenues of $5.5 billion in 2022, an increase of 16% compared to 2021 on a reported basis and 20% excluding the foreign currency impact. Net income increased to $807.8 million in 2022 from $793.6 million in 2021 and diluted earnings per share was $9.96 in 2022 compared to $9.21 in 2021.

Research revenues increased to $4.6 billion in 2022, an increase of 12% compared to 2021 on a reported basis and 16% excluding the foreign currency impact. The Research gross contribution margin was 74% in both 2022 and 2021. Contract value was $4.7 billion at December 31, 2022, an increase of 12% compared to December 31, 2021 on a foreign currency neutral basis.

Conferences revenues increased to $389.3 million in 2022, an increase of 82% compared to 2021 on a reported basis and 90% excluding the foreign currency impact. The Conferences gross contribution margin was 54% and 62% in 2022 and 2021, respectively. We held 25 in-person and 16 virtual conferences in 2022, and 39 virtual conferences in 2021.

Consulting revenues increased to $481.8 million in 2022, an increase of 15% compared to 2021 on a reported basis and 22% excluding the foreign currency impact. The Consulting gross contribution margin was 39% and 38% in 2022 and 2021, respectively. Backlog was $139.7 million at December 31, 2022.

Cash provided by operating activities was $1.1 billion and $1.3 billion during 2022 and 2021, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, we had $698.0 million of cash and cash equivalents and approximately $1.0 billion of available borrowing capacity on our revolving credit facility. During 2022, we repurchased 3.8 million shares of the Company’s common stock for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $1.0 billion.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires the application of appropriate accounting policies and the use of estimates. Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 — Business and Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Management considers the policies discussed below to be critical to an understanding of our consolidated financial statements because their application requires complex and subjective management judgments and estimates. Specific risks for these critical accounting policies are also described below.

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions about future events. We develop our estimates using both current and historical experience, as well as other factors, including the general economic environment and actions we may take in the future. We adjust such estimates when facts and circumstances dictate. However, our estimates may involve significant uncertainties and judgments and cannot be determined with precision. In addition, these estimates are based on our best judgment at a point in time and, as such, they may ultimately differ materially from actual results. Ongoing changes in our estimates could be material and would be reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements in future periods.

Our critical accounting policies and estimates are described below.

Revenue recognition — Our revenue by significant source is accounted for as follows:

•Research revenues are mainly derived from subscription contracts for research products. The related revenues are deferred and recognized ratably over the applicable contract term. Fees derived from assisting organizations in selecting the right business software for their needs are recognized when the leads are provided to vendors.

•Conferences revenues are deferred and recognized upon the completion of the related conference or meeting.

•Consulting revenues are principally generated from fixed fee or time and materials engagements. Revenues from fixed fee contracts are recognized as we work to satisfy our performance obligations. Revenues from time and materials engagements are recognized as work is delivered and/or services are provided. Revenues related to contract optimization engagements are contingent in nature and are only recognized upon satisfaction of all conditions related to their payment.

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The majority of our Research contracts are billable upon signing, absent special terms granted on a limited basis from time to time. Research contracts are generally non-cancelable and non-refundable, except for government contracts that may have cancellation or fiscal funding clauses. It is our policy to record the amount of a subscription contract that is billable as a fee receivable at the time the contract is signed with a corresponding amount as deferred revenue because the contract represents a legally enforceable claim.

Note 1 — Business and Significant Accounting Policies and Note 9 — Revenue and Related Matters in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements provide additional information regarding our revenues.

Accounting for income taxes — The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. We estimate our income taxes in each of the jurisdictions where the Company operates. This process involves estimating our current tax expense or benefit together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included in our consolidated balance sheets. When assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, we consider if it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In making this assessment, we consider the availability of loss carryforwards, projected reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained based on the technical merits of the position. Recognized tax positions are measured at the largest amount of benefit with greater than a 50% likelihood of being realized. The Company uses estimates in determining the amount of unrecognized tax benefits associated with uncertain tax positions. Significant judgment is required in evaluating tax law and measuring the benefits likely to be realized. Uncertain tax positions are periodically re-evaluated and adjusted as more information about their ultimate realization becomes available.

Accounting for stock-based compensation — The Company accounts for stock-based compensation awards in accordance with FASB ASC Topics 505 and 718 and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletins No. 107 and No. 110. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense, which is based on the fair value of the award on the date of grant, over the related service period. Note 10 — Stock-Based Compensation in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements provides additional information regarding stock-based compensation. Determining the appropriate fair value model and calculating the fair value of stock-based compensation awards requires the use of certain subjective assumptions, including the expected life of a stock-based compensation award and the Company’s common stock price volatility. In addition, determining the appropriate periodic stock-based compensation expense requires management to estimate the likelihood of the achievement of certain performance targets. The assumptions used in calculating the fair values of stock-based compensation awards and the related periodic expense represent management’s best estimates, which involve inherent uncertainties and the application of judgment. As a result, if circumstances change and the Company deems it necessary in the future to modify the assumptions it made or to use different assumptions, or if the quantity and nature of the Company’s stock-based compensation awards changes, then the amount of expense may need to be adjusted and future stock-based compensation expense could be materially different from what has been recorded in the current period.

A change in any of the terms or conditions of stock-based compensation awards is accounted for as a modification of the award. Incremental compensation cost is measured as the excess, if any, of the fair value of the modified award over the fair value of the original award immediately before its terms are modified, measured based on the fair value of the awards at the modification date. For vested awards, we recognize incremental compensation cost in the period the modification occurs. For unvested awards, we recognize any incremental compensation expense at the modification date or ratably over the requisite remaining service period, as appropriate. If the fair value of the modified award is lower than the fair value of the original award immediately before modification, the minimum compensation cost we recognize is the cost of the original award.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Consolidated Results

The table below presents an analysis of selected line items and year-over-year changes in our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years indicated (in thousands).

	Year Ended December 31, 2022		Year Ended December 31, 2021		Increase (Decrease)		Percentage Increase (Decrease)
Total revenues	$	5,475,846	$	4,733,962	$	741,884	16	%
Costs and expenses:
Cost of services and product development	1,693,771		1,444,093		249,678		17
Selling, general and administrative	2,480,944		2,155,658		325,286		15
Depreciation	93,410		102,802		(9,392)		(9)
Amortization of intangibles	98,536		109,603		(11,067)		(10)
Acquisition and integration charges	9,079		6,055		3,024		50
Operating income	1,100,106		915,751		184,355		20
Interest expense, net	(121,323)		(116,620)		4,703		4
Gain on event cancellation insurance claims	—		152,310		(152,310)		nm
Other income, net	48,412		18,429		29,983		163
Less: Provision for income taxes	219,396		176,310		43,086		24
Net income	$	807,799	$	793,560	$	14,239	2	%

nm = not meaningful

Total revenues for 2022 were $5.5 billion, an increase of $741.9 million compared to 2021, or 16% on a reported basis and 20% excluding the foreign currency impact. The tables below present (i) revenues by geographic region (based on where the sale is fulfilled) and (ii) revenues by segment for the years indicated (in thousands).

Primary Geographic Market	Year Ended December 31, 2022		Year Ended December 31, 2021		Increase		Percentage Increase
United States and Canada	$	3,619,382	$	3,048,902	$	570,480	19	%
Europe, Middle East and Africa	1,234,659		1,130,979		103,680		9
Other International	621,805		554,081		67,724		12
Total revenues	$	5,475,846	$	4,733,962	$	741,884	16	%

Segment	Year Ended December 31, 2022		Year Ended December 31, 2021		Increase		Percentage Increase
Research	$	4,604,791	$	4,101,392	$	503,399	12	%
Conferences	389,273		214,449		174,824		82
Consulting	481,782		418,121		63,661		15
Total revenues	$	5,475,846	$	4,733,962	$	741,884	16	%

Refer to the section of this MD&A below entitled “Segment Results” for a discussion of revenues and results by segment.

Cost of services and product development was $1.7 billion in 2022, an increase of $249.7 million compared to 2021, or 17% on a reported basis and 21% excluding the foreign currency impact. The increase in Cost of services and product development was primarily due to: (i) increased compensation costs as a result of higher headcount, (ii) increased conference related expenses, due to the return to in-person destination conferences and (iii) increased research program expenses. Cost of services and product development as a percent of revenues was 31% for both 2022 and 2021, respectively.

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Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expense was $2.5 billion in 2022, an increase of $325.3 million compared to 2021, or 15% on a reported basis and 19% excluding the foreign currency impact. The increase in SG&A during the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the prior fiscal year, was primarily due to higher personnel costs in the current year, including higher salary expense due to increased headcount, as well as higher commission expense, following strong contract value growth in 2021, which is amortized as the related revenue is recognized. These increases were partially offset by a reduction in facilities expense, related to a reduction of our real estate footprint. We expect to continue to evaluate our real estate footprint globally. If we determine there is any additional excess property, there is no assurance that we will be able to sublease any such excess properties or that we will not incur costs in connection with such exit activities, which may be material. During 2022, we incurred charges associated with the impairment of right-of-use assets and other long-lived assets, related to certain office locations we no longer intend to use, of $54.0 million, compared to $49.5 million in 2021. The year ended December 31, 2021 also included expenses related to cancelled conferences.

The number of quota-bearing sales associates in Global Technology Sales increased by 18% to 3,630 and in Global Business Sales increased by 22% to 1,144, compared to December 31, 2021. On a combined basis, the total number of quota-bearing sales associates increased by 19% when compared to December 31, 2021. SG&A expense as a percent of revenues was 45% and 46% during 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Depreciation decreased by 9% during 2022 compared to 2021. The decrease for the year ended December 31, 2022 was primarily due to a reduction in leasehold improvements depreciation as a result of the impairment losses recorded in the fourth quarter of 2021 and the year ended December 31, 2022.

Amortization of intangibles decreased by 10% during 2022 compared to 2021 due to certain intangible assets that became fully amortized in 2021.

Acquisition and integration charges increased by $3.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to the same period in 2021. The increase is primarily due to expenses related to the pending divestiture of our TalentNeuron business.

Operating income was $1.1 billion and $915.8 million during 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase in operating income was due to increased revenue, partially offset by an increase in cost of services and product development and selling, general and administrative expenses.

Interest expense, net increased by $4.7 million during 2022 compared to 2021. The increase in interest expense, net was primarily due to an increase in debt as a result of the issuance of the 2029 Notes in June 2021 and higher interest rates on our term loan, partially offset by increased interest income, as well as lower interest expense due to the maturation of $700.0 million in fixed-for-floating interest rate swap contracts in March 2022.

Gain on event cancellation insurance claims of $152.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2021 reflected proceeds, net of expense recoveries, related to the 2020 conference cancellation insurance claims.

Other income, net for the years presented herein included the net impact of foreign currency gains and losses from our hedging activities, as well as sales of certain state tax credits and the recognition of other tax incentives. During 2022 and 2021, Other income, net included a $52.3 million and a $20.2 million gain on de-designated interest rate swaps, respectively.

Provision for income taxes was $219.4 million and $176.3 million during 2022 and 2021, respectively, with an effective income tax rate of 21.4% and 18.2% for 2022 and 2021, respectively. The 2021 effective tax rate includes a benefit of approximately $54.1 million from intercompany sales of certain intellectual property, while no such benefit occurred in 2022. This benefit represents the value of future tax deductions for amortization of the assets in the acquiring jurisdiction, net of any tax recognized in the selling jurisdiction. The Company’s intellectual property footprint continues to evolve and may result in tax rate volatility in the future. Note 12 — Income Taxes in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements provides additional information regarding the Company’s income taxes.

Net income was $807.8 million and $793.6 million during 2022 and 2021, respectively. Additionally, our diluted net income per share increased by $0.75 in 2022 compared to 2021. These year-over-year changes reflect the increase in our 2022 operating income and higher Other income, net, partially offset by the gain on event cancellation insurance claims recognized in 2021 and increased income tax expense in 2022 compared to 2021.

SEGMENT RESULTS

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We evaluate reportable segment performance and allocate resources based on gross contribution margin. Gross contribution is defined as operating income or loss excluding certain Cost of services and product development expenses, SG&A expenses, Depreciation, Amortization of intangibles, and Acquisition and integration charges. Gross contribution margin is defined as gross contribution as a percent of revenues.

Reportable Segments

The sections below present the results of the Company’s three reportable business segments: Research, Conferences and Consulting.

Research

	The Year Ended December 31, 2022			The Year Ended December 31, 2021			Increase (Decrease)			Percentage Increase (Decrease)
Financial Measurements:
Revenues (1)	$	4,604,791		$	4,101,392		$	503,399		12	%
Gross contribution (1)	$	3,414,574		$	3,036,925		$	377,649		12	%
Gross contribution margin	74		%	74		%	—		point	—
Business Measurements:
Global Technology Sales (2):
Contract value (1), (3)	$	3,632,200		$	3,300,600		$	331,600		10	%
Client retention	86		%	86		%	—		point	—
Wallet retention	105		%	106		%	(1)		point	—
Global Business Sales (2):
Contract value (1), (3)	$	1,028,200		$	864,600		$	163,600		19	%
Client retention	89		%	87		%	2		points	—
Wallet retention	112		%	115		%	(3)		points	—

(1)Dollars in thousands.

(2)Global Technology Sales includes sales to users and providers of technology. Global Business Sales includes sales to all other functional leaders.

(3)Contract values are on a foreign exchange neutral basis. Contract values as of December 31, 2021 have been calculated using the same foreign currency rates as 2022.

Research revenues increased by $503.4 million during 2022 compared to 2021, or 12% on a reported basis and 16% excluding the foreign currency impact. The gross contribution margin was 74% in both 2022 and 2021. The increase in revenues during 2022 was primarily due to strong Research contract value growth in 2021 and 2022.

Contract value increased to $4.7 billion at December 31, 2022, or 12% compared to December 31, 2021 on a foreign currency neutral basis. All industry sectors grew at double-digit rates, other than technology and media, which grew at high single digit rates. The fastest growth was in the transportation, retail and manufacturing sectors. Global Technology Sales (“GTS”) contract value increased by 10% at December 31, 2022 when compared to December 31, 2021. The increase in GTS contract value was primarily due to new business from new and existing clients. GTS contract value increased by double-digits for the majority of sectors. Global Business Sales (“GBS”) contract value increased by 19% year-over-year, also primarily driven by new business from new and existing clients. Nearly all of our GBS practices achieved double-digit growth rates, with the majority of enterprise size and sectors growing more than 15% year-over-year.

GTS client retention was 86% as of both December 31, 2022 and 2021, while wallet retention was 105% and 106%, as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. GBS client retention was 89% and 87% as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, while wallet retention was 112% and 115% as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

26

Conferences

	The Year Ended December 31, 2022			The Year Ended December 31, 2021			Increase (Decrease)			Percentage Increase (Decrease)
Financial Measurements:
Revenues (1)	$	389,273		$	214,449		$	174,824		82	%
Gross contribution (1)	$	210,726		$	133,748		$	76,978		58	%
Gross contribution margin	54		%	62		%	(8)		points	—
Business Measurements:
Number of destination conferences (2)	41			39			2			5	%
Number of destination conferences attendees (2)	60,104			57,145			2,959			5	%

(1)Dollars in thousands.

(2)Includes both virtual and in-person conferences. Single day, local meetings are excluded.

Conferences revenues increased by $174.8 million during 2022 compared to 2021, or 82% on a reported basis and 90% excluding the foreign currency impact. We re-launched in-person destination conferences during the second quarter of 2022 and expect to hold in-person destination conferences in future periods as conditions permit. We held 25 in-person destination conferences and 16 virtual conferences during the year ended December 31, 2022. We held 39 virtual conferences during the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase in revenues for the year ended December 31, 2022 was primarily due the return to in-person destination conferences. The segment gross contribution margin was 54% and 62% in 2022 and 2021, respectively. The lower gross contribution margin during 2022 was primarily due to the return to in-person destination conferences. We expect Conferences gross contribution margin to decrease from 2021 and 2022 levels as the mix of in-person destination conferences increases.

Consulting

	As Of And For The Year Ended December 31, 2022			As Of And For The Year Ended December 31, 2021			Increase (Decrease)			Percentage Increase (Decrease)
Financial Measurements:
Revenues (1)	$	481,782		$	418,121		$	63,661		15	%
Gross contribution (1)	$	189,834		$	158,843		$	30,991		20	%
Gross contribution margin	39		%	38		%	1		point	—
Business Measurements:
Backlog (1), (2)	$	139,700		$	113,000		$	26,700		24	%
Average billable headcount	827			749			78			10	%
Consultant utilization	70		%	68		%	2		points	—

(1)Dollars in thousands.

(2)Backlog is on a foreign currency neutral basis. Backlog as of December 31, 2021 has been calculated using the same foreign currency rates as 2022. We changed our method of calculating backlog beginning in 2022 to include multi-year contracts.

Consulting revenues increased 15% during 2022 compared to 2021 on a reported basis and 22% excluding the foreign currency impact. The increase in revenues on a reported basis was due to a 13% increase in labor-based consulting, and a 25% increase in contract optimization. Contract optimization revenue may vary significantly and, as such, 2022 revenues may not be indicative of future results. The segment gross contribution margin was 39% and 38% in 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase in gross contribution margin during 2022 was primarily due to the increase in revenue.

Backlog increased by $26.7 million, or 24%, from December 31, 2021 to December 31, 2022. The change in our method of calculating backlog noted above contributed approximately 13 percentage points to the backlog growth rate.

27

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

We finance our operations through cash generated from our operating activities and borrowings. Note 6 — Debt in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements provides additional information regarding the Company’s outstanding debt obligations. At December 31, 2022, we had $698.0 million of cash and cash equivalents and approximately $1.0 billion of available borrowing capacity on the revolving credit facility under our 2020 Credit Agreement. We believe that the Company has adequate liquidity and access to capital markets to meet its currently anticipated needs for both the next twelve months and the foreseeable future.

We have historically generated significant cash flows from our operating activities. Our operating cash flow has been continuously maintained by the leverage characteristics of our subscription-based business model in our Research segment, which is our largest business segment and historically has constituted a significant portion of our total revenues. The majority of our Research customer contracts are paid in advance and, combined with a strong customer retention rate and high incremental margins, has resulted in continuously strong operating cash flow. Cash flow generation has also benefited from our ongoing efforts to improve the operating efficiencies of our businesses as well as a focus on the optimal management of our working capital as we increase sales.

Our cash and cash equivalents are held in numerous locations throughout the world with 30% held overseas at December 31, 2022. The Company intends to reinvest substantially all of its accumulated undistributed foreign earnings, except in instances where repatriation would result in minimal additional tax.

The table below summarizes the changes in the Company’s cash balances for the years indicated (in thousands).

	Year Ended December 31,				Increase (Decrease)
	2022		2021
Cash provided by operating activities	$	1,101,422	$	1,312,470	$	(211,048)
Cash used in investing activities	(117,558)		(80,467)		(37,091)
Cash used in financing activities	(1,027,442)		(1,157,609)		130,167
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	(43,578)		74,394		(117,972)
Effects of exchange rates	(18,425)		(26,375)		7,950
Beginning cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	760,602		712,583		48,019
Ending cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	698,599	$	760,602	$	(62,003)

Operating

Cash provided by operating activities was $1.1 billion and $1.3 billion in 2022 and 2021, respectively. The year-over-year decrease was primarily due to $166.9 million of insurance proceeds received in the 2021 period related to 2020 event cancellation claims, as well as higher commission and interest payments in 2022, partially offset by reduced income tax payments.

Investing

Cash used in investing activities was $117.6 million and $80.5 million in 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase from 2021 to 2022 was the result of increased capital expenditures primarily due to higher capitalized software and computer equipment additions, partially offset by lower spending on acquisitions.

Financing

Cash used in financing activities was $1.0 billion and $1.2 billion in 2022 and 2021, respectively. During the 2022 period, we used $1.0 billion of cash for share repurchases and paid a net $5.9 million in debt principal repayments. During the 2021 period, we issued $600.0 million of 3.625% Senior Notes due 2029, and repaid $100.0 million on our term loan facility under the 2020 Credit Agreement with a portion of the proceeds from the issuance of the 2029 Notes. During 2021, we used $1.7 billion for share repurchases. Additionally during 2021, we paid $7.3 million in deferred financing fees related to our financing activities. See Note 6 — Debt in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements provides additional information regarding the Company’s financing activities in 2021.

OBLIGATIONS AND COMMITMENTS

28

Debt

As of December 31, 2022, the Company had $2.5 billion of principal amount of debt outstanding. Note 6 — Debt in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements provides additional information regarding the Company’s outstanding debt obligations.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Through December 31, 2022, the Company has not entered into any material off-balance sheet arrangements or transactions with unconsolidated entities or other persons.

Contractual Cash Commitments

The table below summarizes the Company’s future contractual cash commitments as of December 31, 2022 (in thousands).

Commitment Description	Due In Less Than 1 Year		Due In 2-3 Years		Due In 4-5 Years		Due In More Than 5 Years		Total
Debt – principal, interest, and commitment fees (1)	$	114,557	$	482,490	$	178,861	$	2,361,026	$	3,136,934
Operating leases (2)	148,675		247,687		218,485		299,612		914,459
Deferred compensation arrangements (3)	10,352		13,814		10,115		62,360		96,641
Other (4)	26,715		59,813		133,758		45,954		266,240
Totals	$	300,299	$	803,804	$	541,219	$	2,768,952	$	4,414,274

(1)Principal repayments of the Company’s debt obligations were classified in the above table based on the contractual repayment dates. Interest payments were based on the effective interest rates as of December 31, 2022. Commitment fees were based on unused balances and commitment rates as of December 31, 2022. Note 6 — Debt in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements provides information regarding the Company’s debt obligations and interest rate swap contracts.

(2)The Company leases various facilities, automobiles, computer equipment and other assets under non-cancelable operating lease agreements expiring between 2023 and 2038. The total commitment excludes approximately $252.3 million of estimated future cash receipts from the Company’s subleasing arrangements. Note 1 — Business and Significant Accounting Policies and Note 7 — Leases in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements provide additional information regarding the Company’s leases.

(3)The Company has supplemental deferred compensation arrangements with certain of its employees. Amounts payable with known payment dates have been classified in the above table based on those scheduled payment dates. Amounts payable whose payment dates are unknown have been included in the Due In More Than 5 Years category because the Company cannot determine when the amounts will be paid. Note 15 — Employee Benefits in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements provides additional information regarding the Company’s supplemental deferred compensation arrangements.

(4)Other includes: (i) contractual commitments (a) for software, telecom and other services and (b) to secure sites for our Conferences business; and (ii) projected cash contributions to the Company’s defined benefit pension plans. Note 15 — Employee Benefits in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements provides additional information regarding the Company’s defined benefit pension plans.

In addition to the contractual cash commitments included in the above table, the Company has other payables and liabilities that may be legally enforceable but are not considered contractual commitments. Information regarding the Company’s payables and liabilities is included in Note 5 — Accounts Payable and Accrued and Other Liabilities in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

The FASB has issued accounting standards that had not yet become effective as of December 31, 2022 and may impact the Company’s consolidated financial statements or its disclosures in future periods. Note 1 — Business and Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements provides information regarding those accounting standards.

29

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.

INTEREST RATE RISK

As of December 31, 2022, the Company had $2.5 billion in total debt principal outstanding. Note 6 — Debt in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements provides additional information regarding the Company’s outstanding debt obligations.

Approximately $282.0 million of the Company’s total debt outstanding as of December 31, 2022 was based on a floating base rate of interest, which potentially exposes the Company to increases in interest rates. However, we reduce our overall exposure to interest rate increases through our interest rate swap contract, which effectively convert the floating base interest rates on all of our variable rate borrowings to fixed rates.

FOREIGN CURRENCY RISK

A significant portion of our revenues are typically derived from sales outside of the United States. Among the major foreign currencies in which we conduct business are the Euro, the British Pound, the Japanese Yen, the Australian dollar and the Canadian dollar. The reporting currency of our Consolidated Financial Statements is the U.S. dollar. As the values of the foreign currencies in which we operate fluctuate over time relative to the U.S. dollar, the Company is exposed to both foreign currency translation and transaction risk.

Translation risk arises as our foreign currency assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars because the functional currencies of our foreign operations are generally denominated in the local currency. Adjustments resulting from the translation of these assets and liabilities are deferred and recorded as a component of stockholders’ equity. A measure of the potential impact of foreign currency translation can be determined through a sensitivity analysis of our cash and cash equivalents. At December 31, 2022, we had $698.0 million of cash and cash equivalents, with a substantial portion denominated in foreign currencies. If the exchange rates of the foreign currencies we hold all changed in comparison to the U.S. dollar by 10%, the amount of cash and cash equivalents we would have reported on December 31, 2022 could have increased or decreased by approximately $42.9 million. The translation of our foreign currency revenues and expenses historically has not had a material impact on our consolidated earnings because movements in and among the major currencies in which we operate tend to impact our revenues and expenses fairly equally. However, our earnings could be impacted during periods of significant exchange rate volatility, or when some or all of the major currencies in which we operate move in the same direction against the U.S. dollar.

Transaction risk arises when we enter into a transaction that is denominated in a currency that may differ from the local functional currency. As these transactions are translated into the local functional currency, a gain or loss may result, which is recorded in current period earnings. We typically enter into foreign currency forward exchange contracts to mitigate the effects of some of this foreign currency transaction risk. Our outstanding foreign currency forward exchange contracts as of December 31, 2022 had an immaterial net unrealized gain.

CREDIT RISK

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of short-term, highly liquid investments classified as cash equivalents, fees receivable, interest rate swap contracts and foreign currency forward exchange contracts. The majority of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents, interest rate swap contracts and foreign currency forward exchange contracts are with large investment grade commercial banks. Fees receivable balances deemed to be collectible from customers have limited concentration of credit risk due to our diverse customer base and geographic dispersion.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.

Our financial statements for 2022, 2021 and 2020, together with the reports of KPMG LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, are included herein in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.

None.

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

30

DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Management conducted an evaluation, as of December 31, 2022, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), under the supervision and with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer. Based upon that evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective in alerting them in a timely manner to material Company information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed under the Exchange Act.

MANAGEMENT’S ANNUAL REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

Gartner management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Gartner’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. In addition, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions and that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth in the Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Management’s assessment was reviewed with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.

Based on its assessment of internal control over financial reporting, management has concluded that, as of December 31, 2022, Gartner’s internal control over financial reporting was effective. The effectiveness of management’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022 has been audited by KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which is included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K in Part IV, Item 15.

CHANGES IN INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION.

Not applicable.

ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

None.

31

PART III

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.

The information required to be furnished pursuant to this item is incorporated by reference from the information set forth under the captions “The Board of Directors,” “Proposal One: Election of Directors,” “Executive Officers,” “Corporate Governance,” “Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports” (if necessary) and “Proxy and Voting Information — Available Information” in the Company’s 2023 Proxy Statement. See also Item 1. Business — Available Information.

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION.

The information required to be furnished pursuant to this item is incorporated by reference from the information set forth under the captions “Compensation Discussion & Analysis,” “Compensation Tables and Narrative Disclosures,” “The Board of Directors - Compensation of Directors,” “The Board of Directors - Director Compensation Table,” “Corporate Governance - Risk Oversight - Risk Assessment of Compensation Policies and Practices,” and “Corporate Governance - Compensation Committee” in the Company’s 2023 Proxy Statement.

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS.

The information required to be furnished pursuant to this item is incorporated by reference from the information set forth under the captions “Compensation Tables and Narrative Disclosures — Equity Compensation Plan Information” and “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in the Company’s 2023 Proxy Statement.

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE.

The information required to be furnished pursuant to this item is incorporated by reference from the information set forth under the captions “Transactions With Related Persons” and “Corporate Governance — Director Independence” in the Company’s 2023 Proxy Statement.

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.

The information required to be furnished pursuant to this item is incorporated by reference from the information set forth under the caption “Proposal Five: Ratification of Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in the Company’s 2023 Proxy Statement.

32

PART IV

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES.

(a) 1. and 2. Financial Statements and Schedules

The reports of our independent registered public accounting firm and financial statements listed in the Index to Consolidated Financial Statements herein are filed as part of this report.

All financial statement schedules not listed in the Index have been omitted because the information required is not applicable or is shown in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.

3. Exhibits

EXHIBIT NUMBER	DESCRIPTION OF DOCUMENT
3.1(1)	Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company.
3.2(2)	By-laws of Gartner, Inc. (as amended through April 29, 2021).
4.1(3)	Indenture (including form of Notes), dated as of June 22, 2020, among Gartner, Inc., the guarantors named therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as a trustee, relating to the $800,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 4.500% Senior Notes due 2028.
4.2(4)	Indenture (including form of Notes), dated as of September 28, 2020, among Gartner, Inc., the guarantors named therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as a trustee, relating to the $800,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 3.750% Senior Notes due 2030.
4.3(4)	Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of September 28, 2020, among Gartner, Inc., the Lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent.
4.4(4)	Amended and Restated Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, dated as of September 28, 2020, among Gartner, Inc. each subsidiary guarantor party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
4.5(5)	Indenture (including form of Notes), dated as of June 18, 2021, among Gartner, Inc., the guarantors named therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as a trustee, relating to the $600,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 3.625% Senior Notes due 2029.
4.6(6)+	Description of Gartner, Inc.’s Common Stock.
10.1(7)+	2011 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended and restated, as of September 1, 2021.
10.2(8)+	Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended and restated effective January 31, 2019.
10.3(8)+	Second Amended and Restated Employment Agreement between Eugene A. Hall and the Company dated as of February 14, 2019.
10.4(2)+	Amendment to Employment Agreement between Eugene A. Hall and the Company dated as of April 29, 2021.
10.5(9)+	Company Deferred Compensation Plan, effective January 1, 2009.
10.8(10)+	Form of 2020 Stock Appreciation Right Agreement for executive officers.
10.9(10)+	Form of 2020 Performance Stock Unit Agreement for executive officers.
10.10(11)+	Form of 2021 Stock Appreciation Right Agreement for executive officers.
10.11(11)+	Form of 2021 Performance Stock Unit Agreement for executive officers.
10.12(6)+	Form of 2022 Stock Appreciation Right Agreement for executive officers.
10.13(6)+	Form of 2022 Performance Stock Unit Agreement for executive officers.
10.14+*	Form of 2023 Stock Appreciation Right Agreement for executive officers.
10.15+*	Form of 2023 Performance Stock Unit Agreement for executive officers.
10.16(12)+	Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for non-employee directors.
10.17(10)+	Enhanced Executive Rewards Policy.

33

10.18(13)+	Separation Agreement and Release of Claims, dated July 13, 2022, between the Company and Jules Kaufman
21.1*	Subsidiaries of Registrant.
23.1*	Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
24.1*	Power of Attorney (see Signature Page).
31.1*	Certification of chief executive officer under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*	Certification of chief financial officer under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32*	Certification under Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS*	XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.LAB*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
104*	Cover Page Interactive Data File, formatted in Inline XBRL (included as Exhibit 101).

 

*	Filed with this document.
+	Management compensation plan or arrangement.
(1)	Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 6, 2005.
(2)	Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 5, 2021.
(3)	Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 23, 2020.
(4)	Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 28, 2020.
(5)	Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 21, 2021.
(6)	Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 23, 2022.
(7)	Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Proxy Statement (Schedule 14A) filed on April 19, 2021.
(8)	Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 22, 2019.
(9)	Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 20, 2009.
(10)	Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 19, 2020.
(11)	Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 24, 2021.
(12)	Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 1, 2018.
(13)	Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 2, 2022.

34

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GARTNER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (KPMG LLP, New York, NY, Auditor Firm ID: 185)	36
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	38
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021	39
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three-Year Period Ended December 31, 2022	40
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three-Year Period Ended December 31, 2022	41
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three-Year Period Ended December 31, 2022	42
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three-Year Period Ended December 31, 2022	43
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	44

All financial statement schedules have been omitted because the information required is not applicable or is shown in the Consolidated Financial Statements or notes thereto.

35

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors

Gartner, Inc.:

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Gartner, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated February 16, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Unrecognized tax benefits

As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position when it believes such position is more likely than not of being sustained if challenged. As of December 31, 2022, the Company has recorded gross unrecognized tax benefits of $137.2 million. Recognized tax positions are measured at the largest amount of benefit with greater than a 50 percent likelihood of being realized. The Company uses estimates and assumptions in determining the amount of unrecognized tax benefits.

We identified the assessment of unrecognized tax benefits related to transfer pricing as a critical audit matter. Complex auditor judgment was required in evaluating the Company’s interpretation of tax law and its estimate of the ultimate resolution of its tax positions.

36

The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls over the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits process, including transfer pricing. We involved tax and transfer pricing professionals with specialized skills and knowledge, who assisted in assessing unrecognized tax benefits by:

•evaluating the Company’s interpretation of tax laws and income tax consequences of intercompany transactions

•assessing transfer pricing practices for compliance with relevant tax laws and regulations

•analyzing the Company’s tax positions and determination of unrecognized tax benefits, including the associated effect in other jurisdictions

In addition, we evaluated the Company’s ability to estimate its unrecognized tax benefits by comparing historical unrecognized tax benefits to actual results upon conclusion of examinations by applicable taxing authorities.

/s/ KPMG LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1996.

New York, New York

February 16, 2023

37

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors

Gartner, Inc.:

Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We have audited Gartner, Inc. and subsidiaries’ (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements), and our report dated February 16, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ KPMG LLP

New York, New York

February 16, 2023

38

GARTNER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE DATA)

 

	December 31,
	2022		2021
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	697,999	$	756,493
Fees receivable, net of allowances of $9,000 and $6,500, respectively	1,556,786		1,365,180
Deferred commissions	363,079		380,569
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	119,207		117,838
Assets held-for-sale	49,036		—
Total current assets	2,786,107		2,620,080
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net	264,581		273,562
Operating lease right-of-use assets	436,592		548,258
Goodwill	2,930,211		2,951,317
Intangible assets, net	584,714		714,418
Other assets	297,531		308,689
Total Assets	$	7,299,736	$	7,416,324
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	1,115,198	$	1,134,814
Deferred revenues	2,443,762		2,238,035
Current portion of long-term debt	7,800		5,931
Liabilities held-for-sale	30,840		—
Total current liabilities	3,597,600		3,378,780
Long-term debt, net of deferred financing fees	2,453,607		2,456,833
Operating lease liabilities	597,267		697,766
Other liabilities	423,464		511,887
Total Liabilities	7,071,938		7,045,266
Stockholders’ Equity:
Preferred stock:
$0.01 par value, authorized 5,000,000 shares; none issued or outstanding	—		—
Common stock:
$0.0005 par value, 250,000,000 shares authorized; 163,602,067 shares issued for both periods	82		82
Additional paid-in capital	2,179,604		2,074,896
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net	(101,610)		(81,431)
Accumulated earnings	3,856,826		3,049,027
Treasury stock, at cost, 84,428,513 and 81,205,504 common shares, respectively	(5,707,104)		(4,671,516)
Total Stockholders’ Equity	227,798		371,058
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity	$	7,299,736	$	7,416,324

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

39

GARTNER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)

	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Revenues:
Research	$	4,604,791	$	4,101,392	$	3,602,892
Conferences	389,273		214,449		120,140
Consulting	481,782		418,121		376,371
Total revenues	5,475,846		4,733,962		4,099,403
Costs and expenses:
Cost of services and product development	1,693,771		1,444,093		1,345,024
Selling, general and administrative	2,480,944		2,155,658		2,038,963
Depreciation	93,410		102,802		93,925
Amortization of intangibles	98,536		109,603		125,059
Acquisition and integration charges	9,079		6,055		6,282
Total costs and expenses	4,375,740		3,818,211		3,609,253
Operating income	1,100,106		915,751		490,150
Interest income	4,880		1,893		2,087
Interest expense	(126,203)		(118,513)		(115,636)
Gain on event cancellation insurance claims	—		152,310		—
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—		—		(44,814)
Other income (expense), net	48,412		18,429		(5,654)
Income before income taxes	1,027,195		969,870		326,133
Provision for income taxes	219,396		176,310		59,388
Net income	$	807,799	$	793,560	$	266,745
Net income per share:
Basic	$	10.08	$	9.33	$	2.99
Diluted	$	9.96	$	9.21	$	2.96
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic	80,178		85,026		89,315
Diluted	81,067		86,177		90,017

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

40

GARTNER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(IN THOUSANDS)

	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Net income	$	807,799	$	793,560	$	266,745
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(39,679)		(6,621)		10,375
Interest rate swaps - net change in deferred gain or loss	17,075		21,781		(30,940)
Pension plans - net change in deferred actuarial gain or loss	2,425		2,637		(725)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(20,179)		17,797		(21,290)
Comprehensive income	$	787,620	$	811,357	$	245,455

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

41

GARTNER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(IN THOUSANDS)

 

	Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net		Accumulated Earnings		Treasury Stock		Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	82	$	1,899,273	$	(77,938)	$	1,988,722	$	(2,871,546)	$	938,593
Net income	—		—		—		266,745		—		266,745
Other comprehensive loss	—		—		(21,290)		—		—		(21,290)
Issuances under stock plans	—		7,117		—		—		11,026		18,143
Common share repurchases	—		—		—		—		(174,303)		(174,303)
Stock-based compensation expense	—		62,540		—		—		—		62,540
Balance at December 31, 2020	82		1,968,930		(99,228)		2,255,467		(3,034,823)		1,090,428
Net income	—		—		—		793,560		—		793,560
Other comprehensive income	—		—		17,797		—		—		17,797
Issuances under stock plans	—		7,396		—		—		10,854		18,250
Common share repurchases	—		—		—		—		(1,647,547)		(1,647,547)
Stock-based compensation expense	—		98,570		—		—		—		98,570
Balance at December 31, 2021	82		2,074,896		(81,431)		3,049,027		(4,671,516)		371,058
Net income	—		—		—		807,799		—		807,799
Other comprehensive loss	—		—		(20,179)		—		—		(20,179)
Issuances under stock plans	—		14,142		—		—		8,154		22,296
Common share repurchases	—		—		—		—		(1,043,742)		(1,043,742)
Stock-based compensation expense	—		90,566		—		—		—		90,566
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	82	$	2,179,604	$	(101,610)	$	3,856,826	$	(5,707,104)	$	227,798

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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GARTNER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(IN THOUSANDS)

	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Operating activities:
Net income	$	807,799	$	793,560	$	266,745
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	191,946		212,405		218,984
Stock-based compensation expense	90,566		98,570		62,540
Deferred taxes	(30,702)		(41,567)		(53,190)
Loss on impairment of lease related assets, net	53,970		49,537		—
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—		—		44,814
Reduction in the carrying amount of operating lease right-of-use assets	70,086		75,125		81,851
Amortization and write-off of deferred financing fees	4,574		4,162		8,424
Amortization of deferred swap losses from de-designation	—		—		10,320
Gain on de-designated swaps	(52,308)		(20,204)		(2,157)
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions and divestitures:
Fees receivable, net	(240,696)		(145,346)		99,409
Deferred commissions	5,574		(124,874)		8,656
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(3,039)		(15,913)		37,895
Other assets	8,440		(18,287)		(8,950)
Deferred revenues	297,124		324,059		15,998
Accounts payable and accrued and other liabilities	(101,912)		121,243		111,939
Cash provided by operating activities	1,101,422		1,312,470		903,278
Investing activities:
Additions to property, equipment and leasehold improvements	(108,050)		(59,834)		(83,888)
Acquisitions - cash paid (net of cash acquired)	(9,508)		(22,939)		—
Other	—		2,306		—
Cash used in investing activities	(117,558)		(80,467)		(83,888)
Financing activities:
Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan	22,231		18,173		18,085
Proceeds from borrowings	—		600,000		2,000,000
Early redemption premium payment	—		—		(30,752)
Payments for deferred financing fees	—		(7,320)		(25,786)
Proceeds from revolving credit facility	—		—		332,000
Payments on revolving credit facility	—		(5,000)		(475,000)
Payments on borrowings	(5,931)		(107,915)		(2,058,469)
Purchases of treasury stock	(1,043,742)		(1,655,547)		(176,302)
Cash used in financing activities	(1,027,442)		(1,157,609)		(416,224)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	(43,578)		74,394		403,166
Effects of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	(18,425)		(26,375)		28,581
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of year	760,602		712,583		280,836
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of year	$	698,599	$	760,602	$	712,583
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the year for:
Interest	$	112,825	$	101,885	$	112,249
Income taxes, net of refunds received	$	174,802	$	253,379	$	33,921

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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GARTNER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1 — Business and Significant Accounting Policies

Business. Gartner, Inc. (NYSE: IT) delivers actionable, objective insight to executives and their teams. Our expert guidance and tools enable faster, smarter decisions and stronger performance on an organization’s mission critical priorities.

We are a trusted advisor and an objective resource for more than 15,000 enterprises in approximately 90 countries and territories — across all major functions, in every industry and enterprise size.

Segments. Gartner delivers its products and services globally through three business segments: Research, Conferences and Consulting. Note 9 — Revenue and Related Matters and Note 16 — Segment Information describe the products and services offered by each of our segments and provide additional financial information for those segments.

Basis of presentation. The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”), as defined in the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), for financial information and with the applicable instructions of U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Regulation S-X.

The fiscal year of Gartner is the twelve-month period from January 1 through December 31. All references to 2022, 2021 and 2020 herein refer to the fiscal year unless otherwise indicated. When used in these notes, the terms “Gartner,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer to Gartner, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Principles of consolidation. The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

Use of estimates. The preparation of the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events. These estimates and the underlying assumptions affect the amounts of assets and liabilities reported, disclosures about contingent assets and liabilities, and reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Such estimates include the valuation of fees receivable, goodwill, intangible assets and other long-lived assets, as well as tax accruals and other liabilities. In addition, estimates are used in revenue recognition, income tax expense or benefit, performance-based compensation charges, depreciation and amortization. Management believes its use of estimates in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements to be reasonable.

Management continually evaluates and revises its estimates using historical experience and other factors, including the general economic environment and actions it may take in the future. Management adjusts these estimates when facts and circumstances dictate. However, these estimates may involve significant uncertainties and judgments and cannot be determined with precision. In addition, these estimates are based on management’s best judgment at a point in time. As a result, differences between our estimates and actual results could be material and would be reflected in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements in future periods.

Business acquisitions. The Company accounts for business acquisitions in accordance with the acquisition method of accounting as prescribed by FASB ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations. The acquisition method of accounting requires the Company to record the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date, with certain exceptions. Any excess of the consideration transferred over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired, including identifiable intangible assets, is recorded as goodwill. Under the acquisition method, the operating results of acquired companies are included in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements beginning on the date of acquisition. The Company completed business acquisitions in both 2022 and 2021. Note 2 — Acquisitions and Divestiture provides additional information regarding those business acquisitions.

The determination of the fair values of intangible and other assets acquired in an acquisition requires management judgment and the consideration of a number of factors, including the historical financial performance of acquired businesses and their projected future performance, and estimates surrounding customer turnover, as well as assumptions regarding the level of competition and the costs necessary to reproduce certain assets. Establishing the useful lives of intangible assets also requires management judgment and the evaluation of a number of factors, including the expected use of an asset, historical client retention rates, consumer awareness and trade name history, as well as any contractual provisions that could limit or extend an asset’s useful life.

44

Charges that are directly related to the Company’s acquisitions and divestitures are expensed as incurred and classified as Acquisition and integration charges in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Note 2 — Acquisitions and Divestiture provides additional information regarding the Company’s Acquisition and integration charges.

Revenue recognition. The Company’s revenue by significant source is accounted for as follows:

•Research revenues are mainly derived from subscription contracts for research products. The related revenues are deferred and recognized ratably over the applicable contract term. Fees derived from assisting organizations in selecting the right business software for their needs are recognized when the leads are provided to vendors.

•Conferences revenues are deferred and recognized upon the completion of the related conference or meeting.

•Consulting revenues are principally generated from fixed fee or time and materials engagements. Revenues from fixed fee contracts are recognized as the Company works to satisfy its performance obligations. Revenues from time and materials engagements are recognized as work is delivered and/or services are provided. Revenues related to contract optimization engagements are contingent in nature and are only recognized upon satisfaction of all conditions related to their payment.

The majority of the Company’s Research contracts are billable upon signing, absent special terms granted on a limited basis from time to time. Research contracts are generally non-cancelable and non-refundable, except for government contracts that may have cancellation or fiscal funding clauses. It is the Company’s policy to record the amount of a subscription contract that is billable as a fee receivable at the time the contract is signed with a corresponding amount as deferred revenue because the contract represents a legally enforceable claim.

Note 9 — Revenue and Related Matters provides additional information regarding the Company’s business and revenues.

Allowance for losses. The Company estimates uncollectible amounts on its fees receivable using a historical loss rate method.

Cost of services and product development (“COS”). COS expense includes the direct costs incurred in the creation and delivery of the Company’s products and services. These costs primarily relate to personnel.

Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”). SG&A expense includes direct and indirect selling costs, general and administrative costs, facility costs and bad debt expense.

Commission expense. The Company records deferred commissions upon signing a customer contract and amortizes the deferred amount over a period that aligns with the transfer to the customer of the services to which the commissions relate. Note 9 — Revenue and Related Matters provides additional information regarding deferred commissions and the amortization of such costs.

Stock-based compensation expense. The Company accounts for stock-based compensation awards in accordance with FASB ASC Topics 505 and 718 and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletins No. 107 and No. 110. Stock-based compensation expense for equity awards is based on the fair value of the award on the date of grant. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense over the period that the related service is performed, which is generally the same as the vesting period of the underlying award. Forfeitures are recognized as they occur. A change in any of the terms or conditions of stock-based compensation awards is accounted for as a modification of the award. Incremental compensation cost is measured as the excess, if any, of the fair value of the modified award over the fair value of the original award immediately before its terms are modified, measured based on the fair value of the awards at the modification date. For vested awards, the Company recognizes incremental compensation cost in the period the modification occurs. For unvested awards, the Company recognizes any incremental compensation expense at the modification date or ratably over the requisite remaining service period, as appropriate. If the fair value of the modified award is lower than the fair value of the original award immediately before modification, the minimum compensation cost the Company recognizes is the cost of the original award. Note 10 — Stock-Based Compensation provides additional information regarding the Company’s stock-based compensation activity.

Income taxes. The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. The Company estimates its income taxes in each of the jurisdictions where it operates. This process involves estimating the Company’s current tax expense or benefit together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. When assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, the Company considers if it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In making this assessment, the Company considers the availability of loss carryforwards, projected reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and ongoing prudent and feasible

45

tax planning strategies. The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained based on the technical merits of the position. Recognized tax positions are measured at the largest amount of benefit with greater than a 50% likelihood of being realized. The Company uses estimates in determining the amount of unrecognized tax benefits associated with uncertain tax positions. Significant judgment is required in evaluating tax law and measuring the benefits likely to be realized. Uncertain tax positions are periodically re-evaluated and adjusted as more information about their ultimate realization becomes available. Note 12 — Income Taxes provides additional information regarding the Company’s income taxes.

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash. Cash and cash equivalents includes cash and all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, which are considered to be cash equivalents. The carrying value of cash equivalents approximates fair value due to the short-term maturity of such instruments. Investments with maturities of more than three months are classified as marketable securities. Interest earned is recorded in Interest income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

U.S. GAAP requires that amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents be presented with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts presented on an entity’s statement of cash flows. Below is a table presenting the beginning-of-period and end-of-period cash amounts from the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets and the total cash amounts presented in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands).

	December 31,
	2022		2021		2020		2019
Cash and cash equivalents	$	697,999	$	756,493	$	712,583	$	280,836
Restricted cash classified in (1):
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	—		4,109		—		—
Other assets	600		—		—		—
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash per the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	$	698,599	$	760,602	$	712,583	$	280,836

(1)Restricted cash consists of escrow accounts established in connection with certain of the Company’s business acquisitions. Generally, such cash is restricted to use due to provisions contained in the underlying stock or asset purchase agreement. The Company will disburse the restricted cash to the sellers of the businesses upon satisfaction of any contingencies described in such agreements (e.g., potential indemnification claims, etc.).

Leases. ASC 842 requires accounting for leases under a right-of-use model whereby a lessee must record a right-of-use asset and a related lease liability on its balance sheet for most of its leases. Under ASC 842, leases are classified as either operating or finance arrangements, with such classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in an entity’s income statement. For operating leases, ASC 842 requires recognition in an entity’s income statement of a single lease cost, calculated so that the cost of the lease is allocated over the lease term, generally on a straight-line basis. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, as a result and in consideration of the changing nature of the Company’s use of office space for its workforce and the transitioning to a virtual-first hybrid, remote-work environment, the Company evaluated its existing real estate lease portfolio. As a result of the evaluation, the Company recognized impairment losses of $54.0 million and $49.5 million during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Note 7 — Leases provides additional information regarding the Company’s leases.

Property, equipment and leasehold improvements. Equipment, leasehold improvements and other fixed assets owned by the Company are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Fixed assets, other than leasehold improvements, are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the underlying asset. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the improvement or the remaining term of the related lease. Depreciation and amortization expense for fixed assets was $93.4 million, $102.8 million and $93.9 million in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net are presented in the table below (in thousands).

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	Useful Life	December 31,
Category	(Years)	2022		2021
Computer equipment and software	2 - 7	$	258,843	$	304,386
Furniture and equipment	3 - 8	89,559		97,050
Leasehold improvements	2 - 15	220,509		253,451
Total cost		568,911		654,887
Less — accumulated depreciation and amortization		(304,330)		(381,325)
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net		$	264,581	$	273,562

The Company incurs costs to develop internal-use software used in its operations. Certain of those costs that meet the criteria in FASB ASC Topic 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other are capitalized and amortized over future periods. Net capitalized internal-use software development costs were $84.0 million and $65.5 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and are included in Computer equipment and software in the table above. Amortization expense for capitalized internal-use software development costs, which is included with Depreciation in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, totaled $39.6 million, $34.6 million and $28.9 million in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Goodwill. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of acquired businesses over the estimated fair values of the tangible and identifiable intangible net assets acquired. Evaluations of the recoverability of goodwill are performed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 350, which requires an annual assessment of potential goodwill impairment at the reporting unit level and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable.

When performing the annual assessment of the recoverability of goodwill, the Company initially performs a qualitative analysis evaluating whether any events or circumstances occurred or exist that provide evidence that it is more likely than not that the fair value of any of the Company’s reporting units is less than the related carrying amount. If the Company does not believe that it is more likely than not that the fair value of any of the Company’s reporting units is less than the related carrying amount, then no quantitative impairment test is performed. However, if the results of the qualitative assessment indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its respective carrying amount, then the Company performs a quantitative impairment test. Evaluating the recoverability of goodwill requires judgments and assumptions regarding future trends and events. As a result, both the precision and reliability of management estimates are subject to uncertainty.

The Company’s most recent annual impairment test of goodwill was a qualitative analysis conducted during the quarter ended September 30, 2022 that indicated no impairment. Subsequent to completing the 2022 annual impairment test, no events or changes in circumstances were noted that required an interim goodwill impairment test. Note 3 — Goodwill and Intangible Assets provides additional information regarding the Company’s goodwill.

Finite-lived intangible assets. The Company has finite-lived intangible assets that are amortized using the straight-line method over the expected useful life of the underlying asset. Note 3 — Goodwill and Intangible Assets provides additional information regarding the Company’s finite-lived intangible assets.

Impairment of long-lived assets. The Company’s long-lived assets primarily consist of intangible assets other than goodwill, right-of-use assets and property, equipment and leasehold improvements. The Company reviews its long-lived asset groups for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or an asset group may not be recoverable. Such evaluation may be based on a number of factors, including current and projected operating results and cash flows, and changes in management’s strategic direction as well as external economic and market factors. The Company evaluates the recoverability of assets and asset groups by determining whether their carrying values can be recovered through undiscounted future operating cash flows. If events or circumstances indicate that the carrying values might not be recoverable based on undiscounted future operating cash flows, an impairment loss may be recognized. The amount of impairment is measured based on the difference between the projected discounted future operating cash flows, using a discount rate reflecting the Company’s average cost of funds, and the carrying value of the asset or asset group.

Debt. The Company presents amounts borrowed in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, net of deferred financing fees. Interest accrued on amounts borrowed is recorded as Interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Note 6 — Debt provides additional information regarding the Company’s debt arrangements.

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Foreign currency exposure. The functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is typically the local currency. All assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Income and expense items are translated at average exchange rates throughout the year. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded as foreign currency translation adjustments, a component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net within Stockholders’ Equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Currency transaction gains or losses arising from transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of a subsidiary are recognized in results of operations as part of Other income (expense), net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company had net currency transaction gains (losses) of $25.6 million, $(3.7) million and $12.5 million in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company enters into foreign currency forward exchange contracts to mitigate the effects of adverse fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates on certain transactions. Those contracts generally have short durations and are recorded at fair value with both realized and unrealized gains and losses recorded in Other income (expense), net. The net loss from foreign currency forward exchange contracts was $31.9 million, $1.4 million and $14.1 million in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Note 13 — Derivatives and Hedging provides additional information regarding the Company’s foreign currency forward exchange contracts.

Fair value disclosures. The Company has a limited number of assets and liabilities that are adjusted to fair value at each balance sheet date. The Company’s required fair value disclosures are provided at Note 14 — Fair Value Disclosures.

Concentrations of credit risk. Assets that may subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of short-term, highly liquid investments classified as cash equivalents, fees receivable, contract assets, interest rate swaps and a pension reinsurance asset. The majority of the Company’s cash equivalent investments and its interest rate swap contracts are with investment grade commercial banks. Fees receivable and contract asset balances deemed to be collectible from customers have limited concentration of credit risk due to the Company’s diverse customer base and geographic dispersion. The Company’s pension reinsurance asset (see Note 15 — Employee Benefits) is maintained with a large international insurance company that was rated investment grade as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Stock repurchase programs. The Company records the cost to repurchase shares of its own common stock as treasury stock. Shares repurchased by the Company are added to treasury shares and are not retired. Note 8 — Stockholders’ Equity provides additional information regarding the Company’s common stock repurchase activity.

Gain on event cancellation insurance claims. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company received $166.9 million of proceeds related to 2020 event cancellation insurance claims, and recorded a pre-tax gain of $152.3 million. The Company does not record any gain on insurance claims in excess of expenses incurred until the receipt of the insurance proceeds is deemed to be realizable.

Adoption of new accounting standards. The Company adopted the accounting standard described below during 2022.

Business Combinations — In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, Business Combinations, Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers (“ASU No. 2021-08”). ASU No. 2021-08 provides guidance for a business combination on how to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities from revenue contracts with customers and other contracts that apply the provisions of ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Specifically, the proposed amendments would require that an entity (acquirer) recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with ASC Topic 606. Generally, this would result in an acquirer recognizing and measuring the acquired contract assets and contract liabilities consistent with how they were recognized and measured in the acquiree’s financial statements (if the acquiree prepared financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP). The rule will be effective for public entities on January 1, 2023, with early adoption permitted. Gartner elected to adopt ASU No. 2021-08 effective January 1, 2022. ASU No. 2021-08 will not impact acquired contract assets or liabilities from business combinations occurring prior to January 1, 2022, and the impact in future periods will depend on the contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in future business combinations.

Government Assistance — In November 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-10, Government Assistance (Topic 832), Disclosures by Business Entities about Government Assistance (“ASU No. 2021-10”). ASU No, 2021-10 requires business entities to annually disclose information about certain government assistance they receive. The rule will be effective for public entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021. The Company adopted ASU No. 2021-10 in 2022 and the adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statement disclosures.

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Accounting standard issued but not yet adopted. The FASB has issued an accounting standard that has not yet become effective as of December 31, 2022 and may impact the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements or related disclosures in future periods. The standard and its potential impact are discussed below.

Reference Rate Reform — In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform—Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (“ASU No. 2020-04”). ASU No. 2020-04 provides that an entity can elect not to apply certain required modification accounting in U.S. GAAP to contracts where all changes to the critical terms relate to reference rate reform (e.g., the expected discontinuance of LIBOR and the transition to an alternative reference interest rate, etc.). In addition, the rule provides optional expedients and exceptions that enable entities to continue to apply hedge accounting for hedging relationships where one or more of the critical terms change due to reference rate reform. The rule became effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 and will generally no longer be available to apply after December 31, 2022. ASU No. 2022-06, which was issued in December 2022, extended the deadline to December 31, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of ASU No. 2020-04, as amended by ASU No. 2022-06, on its Consolidated Financial Statements, including the rule’s potential impact on any debt modifications or other contractual changes in the future that may result from reference rate reform. However, the Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2020-04, as amended by ASU No. 2022-06, to have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

Note 2 — Acquisitions and Divestiture

Acquisitions

Year Ended December 31, 2022

In October 2022, the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding capital stock of UpCity, Inc. (“UpCity”), a privately-held company based in Chicago, Illinois, for an aggregate purchase price of $6.4 million. UpCity’s online marketplace helps small businesses by connecting them to ratings and reviews of more than 50,000 B2B service providers.

Year Ended December 31, 2021

In June 2021, the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding capital stock of Pulse Q&A Inc. (“Pulse”), a privately-held company based in San Francisco, California, for an aggregate purchase price of $29.9 million. Pulse is a technology-enabled community platform.

During 2021, the Company paid $22.9 million in cash for Pulse after considering the cash acquired with the business, amounts held in escrow and certain other purchase price adjustments. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company paid $4.1 million of deferred consideration held in escrow. In addition to the purchase price, the Company may also be required to pay up to $4.5 million in cash based on the continuing employment of certain key employees. Such amounts are recognized as compensation expense over three years post-acquisition and reported in Acquisition and integration charges in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company recorded $31.0 million of goodwill and finite-lived intangible assets and $1.1 million of liabilities on a net basis for the Pulse acquisition.

Pending Divestiture

In November 2022, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to sell its TalentNeuron business. As of December 31, 2022, the assets and liabilities of TalentNeuron were considered held for sale, resulting in $49.0 million of assets held for sale and $30.8 million of liabilities held for sale on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The majority of the held for sale assets were goodwill, intangible assets, net and accounts receivable, with carrying amounts of $16.0 million, $9.5 million and $15.9 million, respectively, while the majority of the held for sale liabilities was deferred revenues, with a carrying amount of $27.1 million. TalentNeuron is included in the Company's Research segment.

On February 2, 2023, the Company completed the sale of TalentNeuron for approximately $164.0 million, prior to final working capital adjustments.

Acquisition and Integration Charges

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The Company recognized $9.1 million, $6.1 million and $6.3 million of Acquisition and integration charges during 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Acquisition and integration charges reflect additional costs and expenses resulting from the Company’s acquisitions and divestitures and include, among other items, professional fees, severance and stock-based compensation charges.

During 2021, the Company received $2.3 million cash proceeds from deferred consideration related to a 2018 divestiture.

Note 3 — Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill. The table below presents changes to the carrying amount of goodwill by segment during the two-year period ended December 31, 2022 (in thousands).

	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
Balance at December 31, 2020 (1)	$	2,664,732	$	184,091	$	96,724	$	2,945,547
Additions due to an acquisition (2)	11,486		—		—		11,486
Foreign currency translation impact	(5,284)		(70)		(362)		(5,716)
Balance at December 31, 2021 (1)	2,670,934		184,021		96,362		2,951,317
Additions due to an acquisition (2)	4,617		—		—		4,617
Reclassified as held-for-sale (3)	(16,000)		—		—		(16,000)
Foreign currency translation impact	(8,358)		(70)		(1,295)		(9,723)
Balance at December 31, 2022 (1)	$	2,651,193	$	183,951	$	95,067	$	2,930,211

(1)The Company does not have any accumulated goodwill impairment losses.

(2)The additions were due to the acquisition of Pulse in June 2021 and UpCity in October 2022 See Note 2 — Acquisitions and Divestiture for additional information.

(3)Represents amounts reclassified to Assets Held for Sale due to the pending divestiture of the Company’s TalentNeuron business. See Note 2 — Acquisitions and Divestiture for additional information. The amount of goodwill allocated to the pending divestiture was determined using a relative fair value approach.

Finite-lived intangible assets. Changes in finite-lived intangible assets during the two-year period ended December 31, 2022 are presented in the tables below (in thousands).

December 31, 2022	Customer Relationships		Technology-related		Other		Total
Gross cost at December 31, 2021	1,096,358		61,216		10,436		$	1,168,010
Reclassified as held-for-sale (2)	—		(49,487)		—		(49,487)
Foreign currency translation impact	(35,817)		(529)		—		(36,346)
Gross cost	1,060,541		11,200		10,436		1,082,177
Accumulated amortization (3)	(486,260)		(5,600)		(5,603)		(497,463)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	574,281	$	5,600	$	4,833	$	584,714

December 31, 2021	Customer Relationships		Technology-related		Content		Other		Total
Gross cost at December 31, 2020	$	1,154,210	$	110,597	$	3,965	$	10,614	$	1,279,386
Additions due to an acquisition (1)	7,980		11,200		—		320		19,500
Intangible assets fully amortized	(61,422)		(60,685)		(3,965)		(498)		(126,570)
Foreign currency translation impact	(4,410)		104		—		—		(4,306)
Gross cost	1,096,358		61,216		—		10,436		1,168,010
Accumulated amortization (3)	(413,266)		(35,727)		—		(4,599)		(453,592)
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	683,092	$	25,489	$	—	$	5,837	$	714,418

(1)The additions were due to the acquisition of Pulse in June 2021. See Note 2 — Acquisitions and Divestiture for additional information.

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(2)Represents amounts reclassified to Assets Held for Sale due to the pending divestiture of the Company’s TalentNeuron business. See Note 2 — Acquisitions and Divestiture for additional information.

(3)Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method over the following periods: Customer relationships—6 to 13 years; Technology-related—3 to 7 years; and Other —4 to 11 years.

Amortization expense related to finite-lived intangible assets was $98.5 million, $109.6 million and $125.1 million in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The estimated future amortization expense by year for finite-lived intangible assets is presented in the table below (in thousands).

2023	$	90,771
2024	88,858
2025	80,191
2026	77,516
2027	76,908
2028 and thereafter	170,470
	$	584,714

Note 4 — Other Assets

The Company’s other assets are summarized in the table below (in thousands).

	December 31,
	2022		2021
Benefit plan-related assets	$	99,527	$	113,553
Non-current deferred tax assets	138,318		140,004
Other	59,686		55,132
Total other assets	$	297,531	$	308,689

Note 5 — Accounts Payable and Accrued and Other Liabilities

The Company’s Accounts payable and accrued liabilities are summarized in the table below (in thousands).

	December 31,
	2022		2021
Accounts payable	$	83,225	$	49,277
Payroll and employee benefits payable	221,242		233,704
Bonus payable	254,675		243,459
Commissions payable	168,042		201,397
Income tax payable	76,383		18,717
VAT payable	43,187		48,834
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	99,717		89,754
Other accrued liabilities	168,727		249,672
Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	1,115,198	$	1,134,814

The Company’s Other liabilities are summarized in the table below (in thousands).

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	December 31,
	2022		2021
Non-current deferred revenues	$	39,115	$	48,176
Long-term taxes payable	92,812		76,806
Benefit plan-related liabilities	124,378		139,097
Non-current deferred tax liabilities	139,531		181,789
Other	27,628		66,019
Total other liabilities	$	423,464	$	511,887

Note 6 — Debt

The Company’s total outstanding borrowings are summarized in the table below (in thousands).

	December 31,
Description	2022		2021
2020 Credit Agreement - Term loan facility (1)	$	282,200	$	287,600
2020 Credit Agreement - Revolving credit facility (1), (2)	—		—
Senior Notes due 2028 (“2028 Notes”) (3)	800,000		800,000
Senior Notes due 2029 (“2029 Notes”) (4)	600,000		600,000
Senior Notes due 2030 (“2030 Notes”) (5)	800,000		800,000
Other (6)	5,000		5,531
Principal amount outstanding (7)	2,487,200		2,493,131
Less: deferred financing fees (8)	(25,793)		(30,367)
Net balance sheet carrying amount	$	2,461,407	$	2,462,764

(1)The contractual annualized interest rate as of December 31, 2022 on the 2020 Credit Agreement Term loan facility and the Revolving credit facility was 5.81%, which consisted of a floating Eurodollar base rate of 4.438% plus a margin of 1.375%. However, the Company has interest rate swap contracts that effectively convert the floating Eurodollar base rates on outstanding amounts to a fixed base rate.

(2)The Company had approximately $1.0 billion of available borrowing capacity on the 2020 Credit Agreement revolver (not including the expansion feature) as of December 31, 2022.

(3)Consists of $800.0 million principal amount of 2028 Notes outstanding. The 2028 Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.50% and mature on July 1, 2028.

(4)Consists of $600.0 million principal amount of 2029 Notes outstanding. The 2029 Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 3.625% and mature on June 15, 2029.

(5)Consists of $800.0 million principal amount of 2030 Notes outstanding. The 2030 Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 3.75% and mature on October 1, 2030.

(6)Consists of two State of Connecticut economic development loans. One of the loans originated in 2012, has a 10-year maturity and bears interest at a fixed rate of 3.00%. This loan had an outstanding balance of $0.5 million as of December 31, 2021 and matured as of December 31, 2022. The second loan, originated in 2019, has a 10-year maturity, bears interest at a fixed rate of 1.75% and may be repaid at any time by the Company without penalty.

(7)The weighted average annual effective rate on the Company’s outstanding debt for 2022, including the effects of its interest rate swaps discussed below, was 4.73%.

(8)Deferred financing fees are being amortized to Interest expense over the term of the related debt obligation.

2029 Notes

On June 18, 2021, the Company issued $600.0 million aggregate principal amount of 3.625% Senior Notes due 2029. The 2029 Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated as of June 18, 2021 (the “2029 Note Indenture”), among the Company, the guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee.

The 2029 Notes were issued at an issue price of 100.0% and bear interest at a rate of 3.625% per annum. Interest on the 2029 Notes is payable on June 15 and December 15 of each year, beginning on December 15, 2021. The 2029 Notes will mature on June 15, 2029. The Company may redeem some or all of the 2029 Notes at any time on or after June 15, 2024 for cash at the

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redemption prices set forth in the 2029 Notes Indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. Prior to June 15, 2024, the Company may redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2029 Notes in connection with certain equity offerings, or some or all of the 2029 Notes with a “make-whole” premium, in each case subject to the terms set forth in the 2029 Note Indenture.

2030 Notes

On September 28, 2020, the Company issued $800.0 million aggregate principal amount of 3.75% Senior Notes due 2030. The 2030 Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated as of September 28, 2020 (the “2030 Note Indenture”), among the Company, the guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee.

The 2030 Notes were issued at an issue price of 100.0% and bear interest at a rate of 3.75% per annum. Interest on the 2030 Notes is payable on April 1 and October 1 of each year, beginning on April 1, 2021. The 2030 Notes will mature on October 1, 2030.

The Company may redeem some or all of the 2030 Notes at any time on or after October 1, 2025 for cash at the redemption prices set forth in the 2030 Note Indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. Prior to October 1, 2025, the Company may redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2030 Notes in connection with certain equity offerings, or some or all of the 2030 Notes with a “make-whole” premium, in each case subject to the terms set forth in the 2030 Note Indenture.

2028 Notes

On June 22, 2020, the Company issued $800.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.50% Senior Notes due 2028. The 2028 Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated as of June 22, 2020 (the “2028 Note Indenture”), among the Company, the guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee.

The 2028 Notes were issued at an issue price of 100.0% and bear interest at a rate of 4.50% per annum. Interest on the 2028 Notes is payable on January 1 and July 1 of each year, beginning on January 1, 2021. The 2028 Notes will mature on July 1, 2028.

The Company may redeem some or all of the 2028 Notes at any time on or after July 1, 2023 for cash at the redemption prices set forth in the 2028 Note Indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. Prior to July 1, 2023, the Company may redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2028 Notes in connection with certain equity offerings, or some or all of the 2028 Notes with a “make-whole” premium, in each case subject to the terms set forth in the 2028 Note Indenture.

2020 Credit Agreement

The Company has a credit facility that currently provides for a $400.0 million Term loan facility and a $1.0 billion Revolving credit facility (the “2020 Credit Agreement”). The 2020 Credit Agreement contains certain customary restrictive loan covenants, including, among others, financial covenants that apply a maximum consolidated leverage ratio and a minimum consolidated interest expense coverage ratio. The Company was in compliance with all financial covenants as of December 31, 2022.

The Term loan is being repaid in consecutive quarterly installments that commenced on December 31, 2020, plus a final payment to be made on September 28, 2025. The Company used a portion of the net proceeds from the issuance of the 2029 Notes to repay $100.0 million of the outstanding borrowings under the term loan facility in June 2021. The Revolving credit facility may be borrowed, repaid and re-borrowed through September 28, 2025, at which all then-outstanding amounts must be repaid.

Interest Rate Swaps

As of December 31, 2022, the Company had one fixed-for-floating interest rate swap contract with a total notional value of $350.0 million that matures in 2025. The Company pays a base fixed rate of 3.04% and in return receives a floating Eurodollar base rate on 30-day notional borrowings. In June 2022, the Company terminated a fixed-for-floating interest rate swap contract with a notional value of $350.0 million, and received proceeds of $0.5 million. The Company had two other fixed-for-floating interest rate swap contracts with a total notional value of $700.0 million that matured during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

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Effective June 30, 2020, the Company de-designated all of its interest rate swaps and discontinued hedge accounting. Accordingly, subsequent changes to the fair value of the interest rate swaps are recorded in Other income (expense), net. The amounts previously recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss are amortized into Interest expense over the terms of the hedged forecasted interest payments. As of December 31, 2022, $52.3 million is remaining in Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net. The interest rate swaps had unrealized fair values of $10.3 million and negative unrealized fair values (liabilities) of $53.7 million as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, of which $39.2 million and $56.3 million were recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax effect, as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. See Note 14 — Fair Value Disclosures for the determination of the fair values of Company’s interest rate swaps.

Note 7 — Leases

The Company’s leasing activities are primarily for facilities under cancelable and non-cancelable lease agreements expiring during 2023 and through 2038. These facilities support the Company’s executive and administrative activities, research and consulting, sales, systems support, operations, and other functions. The Company also has leases for office equipment and other assets, which are not significant. Certain of the Company’s lease agreements include (i) renewal options to extend the lease term for up to ten years and/or (ii) options to terminate the agreement within one year. Additionally, certain of the Company’s lease agreements provide standard recurring escalations of lease payments for, among other things, increases in a lessor’s maintenance costs and taxes. Under some lease agreements, the Company may be entitled to allowances, free rent, lessor-financed tenant improvements and other incentives. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

The Company subleases certain office space that it does not intend to occupy. Such sublease arrangements expire during 2023 and through 2032 and primarily relate to facilities in Arlington, Virginia. Certain of the Company’s sublease agreements: (i) include renewal and termination options; (ii) provide for customary escalations of lease payments in the normal course of business; and (iii) grant the subtenant certain allowances, free rent, Gartner-financed tenant improvements and other incentives.

Lease Accounting under ASC 842

Under ASC 842, a lease is a contract or an agreement, or a part of another arrangement, between two or more parties that, at its inception, creates enforceable rights and obligations that conveys the right to control the use of identified property, plant or equipment for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

Right-of-use assets represent a right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and the related lease liability represents an obligation to make lease payments pursuant to the contractual terms of the lease agreement. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are initially recognized on the lease commencement date based on the present value of the lease payments over the lease term. For all of the Company’s facilities leases, the Company accounts for both lease components and nonlease components (e.g., common area maintenance charges, etc.) as a single lease component when determining the present value of the Company’s lease payments. Variable lease payments that are not dependent on an index or a rate are excluded from the determination of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities and such payments are recognized as expense in the period when the related obligation is incurred.

The Company’s lease agreements do not provide implicit interest rates. Instead, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate determined on the lease commencement date to calculate the present value of future lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate is calculated for each individual lease and represents the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis (in the currency that the lease is denominated) over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. Right-of-use assets also include any initial direct costs incurred by the Company and lease payments made to a lessor on or before the related lease commencement date, less any lease incentives received directly from the lessor.

Certain of the Company’s facility lease agreements include options to extend or terminate the lease. When it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise a renewal or termination option, the present value of the lease payments for the affected lease is adjusted accordingly. Leases with a term of twelve months or less are accounted for in the same manner as long-term lease arrangements, including any related disclosures. Lease expense for operating leases is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, unless the related right-of-use asset was previously impaired.

All of the Company’s existing sublease arrangements have been classified as operating leases with sublease income recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the sublease arrangement. To measure the Company’s periodic sublease income, the

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Company elected to use a practical expedient under ASC 842 to aggregate nonlease components with the related lease components when (i) the timing and pattern of transfer for the nonlease components and the related lease components are the same and (ii) the lease components, if accounted for separately, would be classified as an operating lease. This practical expedient applies to all of the Company’s existing sublease arrangements.

When the projected lease cost for the term of a sublease exceeds the anticipated sublease income for that same period, the Company treats that circumstance as an indicator that the carrying amount of the related right-of-use asset may not be fully recoverable. In those situations, the Company performs an impairment analysis and, if indicated, the Company records a charge against earnings to reduce the right-of-use asset to the amount deemed to be recoverable in the future.

On the Consolidated Balance Sheet, right-of-use assets are classified and reported in Operating lease right-of-use assets, and the related lease liabilities are included in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (current) and Operating lease liabilities (long-term). On the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows, the reduction in the carrying amount of right-of-use assets is presented separately and the change in operating lease liabilities is included under Accounts payable and accrued and other liabilities in the reconciliation of net income to cash provided by operating activities.

All of the Company’s leasing and subleasing activities are recognized in Selling, general and administrative expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The table below presents the Company’s net lease cost and certain other information related to the Company’s leasing activities as of and for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 (dollars in thousands).

	Year Ended December 31,
Description	2022			2021			2020
Operating lease cost (1)	$	117,750		$	130,383		$	140,829
Variable lease cost (2)	15,209			17,940			17,463
Sublease income	(46,698)			(42,801)			(38,925)
Total lease cost, net (3) (4)	$	86,261		$	105,522		$	119,367
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease   liabilities	$	137,399		$	140,571		$	137,790
Cash receipts from sublease arrangements	$	46,159		$	42,374		$	38,565
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	20,597		$	33,113		$	27,258
As of December 31,	2022			2021			2020
Weighted average remaining lease term for operating leases (in years)	7.9			8.7			9.6
Weighted average discount rate for operating leases	6.6		%	6.5		%	6.6		%

(1)Included in operating lease cost was $41.9 million, $42.3 million and $42.2 million of costs for subleasing activities during 2022, 2021, and 2020 respectively.

(2)These amounts are primarily variable lease and nonlease costs that were not fixed at the lease commencement date or are dependent on something other than an index or a rate.

(3)The Company did not capitalize any initial direct costs for operating leases during 2022, 2021, or 2020.

(4)Amount excludes impairment charges of $54.0 million and $49.5 million, for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, as discussed below.

As of December 31, 2022, the (i) maturities of operating lease liabilities under non-cancelable arrangements and (ii) estimated future sublease cash receipts from non-cancelable arrangements were as follows (in thousands):

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	Operating		Sublease
	Lease		Cash
Period ending December 31,	Payments		Receipts
2023	$	142,251	$	52,286
2024	130,395		42,906
2025	114,233		43,226
2026	111,257		44,008
2027	107,228		44,889
Thereafter	299,612		25,022
Total future minimum operating lease payments and estimated sublease cash receipts (1)	904,976		$	252,337
Imputed interest	(207,992)
Total operating lease liabilities per the Consolidated Balance Sheet	$	696,984

(1)Approximately 80% of the operating lease payments pertain to properties in the United States.

The table below indicates where the discounted operating lease payments from the above table are classified in the Consolidated Balance Sheet (in thousands).

	December 31,
Description	2022		2021
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	99,717	$	89,754
Operating lease liabilities	597,267		697,766
Total operating lease liabilities per the Consolidated Balance Sheet	$	696,984	$	787,520

During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, as a result and in consideration of the changing nature of the Company’s use of office space for its workforce and the transitioning to a virtual-first hybrid, remote-work environment, the Company evaluated its existing real estate lease portfolio. This evaluation included the decision to abandon certain leased office spaces and the cease-use of certain other leased office spaces that the Company intends to sublease. In connection with this evaluation, the Company reviewed certain of its right-of-use assets and related other long-lived assets for impairment under ASC 360.

As a result of the evaluation, the Company recognized an impairment loss of $54.0 million and $49.5 million during the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, which is included as a component of Selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. The impairment loss for the year ended December 31, 2022 includes $40.7 million related to right-of-use assets, and $13.3 million related to other long-lived assets, primarily leasehold improvements. The impairment loss for the fourth quarter of the year ended December 31, 2021 includes $50.9 million related to right-of-use assets, $17.9 million related to other long-lived assets, primarily leasehold improvements and a $19.3 million reduction in lease liabilities.

The fair values for the asset groups relating to the impaired long-lived assets were estimated primarily using discounted cash flow models (income approach) with Level 3 inputs. The significant assumptions used in estimating fair value include the expected downtime prior to the commencement of future subleases, projected sublease income over the remaining lease periods and discount rates that reflect the level of risk associated with receiving future cash flows.

Note 8 — Stockholders’ Equity

Common stock. Holders of Gartner’s common stock, par value $0.0005 per share, are entitled to one vote per share on all matters to be voted by stockholders. The Company does not currently pay cash dividends on its common stock. Also, the 2020 Credit Agreement contains a negative covenant that may limit the Company’s ability to pay dividends. The table below summarizes transactions relating to the Company’s common stock for the three years ended December 31, 2022.

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	Issued Shares	Treasury Stock Shares
Balance at December 31, 2019	163,602,067	74,444,288
Issuances under stock plans	—	(820,065)
Purchases for treasury (1), (2)	—	1,135,762
Balance at December 31, 2020	163,602,067	74,759,985
Issuances under stock plans	—	(807,320)
Purchases for treasury (1)	—	7,252,839
Balance at December 31, 2021	163,602,067	81,205,504
Issuances under stock plans	—	(599,081)
Purchases for treasury (1)	—	3,822,090
Balance at December 31, 2022	163,602,067	84,428,513

(1)The Company used a total of $1.0 billion, $1.7 billion and $0.2 billion in cash for share repurchases during 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

(2)The number of shares repurchased in 2020 includes shares repurchased in December 2020 that settled in January 2021.

Share repurchase authorization. In 2015, the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) authorized a share repurchase program to repurchase up to $1.2 billion of the Company’s common stock. The Board authorized incremental share repurchases of up to an additional $1.6 billion, and $1.0 billion of the Company’s common stock during 2021 and 2022, respectively. $606 million remained available as of December 31, 2022. The Company may repurchase its common stock from time-to-time in amounts, at prices and in the manner that the Company deems appropriate, subject to the availability of stock, prevailing market conditions, the trading price of the stock, the Company’s financial performance and other conditions. Repurchases may be made through open market purchases (which may include repurchase plans designed to comply with Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), accelerated share repurchases, private transactions or other transactions and will be funded by cash on hand and borrowings. Repurchases may also be made from time-to-time in connection with the settlement of the Company’s stock-based compensation awards. See Note 19 — Subsequent Event for information regarding an increase in the Company’s share repurchase authorization.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), net (“AOCI/L”)

The tables below provide information about the changes in AOCI/L by component and the related amounts reclassified out of AOCI/L to income during the years indicated (net of tax, in thousands) (1).

Year Ended December 31, 2022

	Interest Rate Swaps		Defined Benefit Pension Plans		Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments		Total
Balance - December 31, 2021	$	(56,323)	$	(6,672)	$	(18,436)	$	(81,431)
Other comprehensive income (loss) activity during the year:
Change in AOCI/L before reclassifications to income	—		2,244		(39,679)		(37,435)
Reclassifications from AOCI/L to income (2), (3)	17,075		181		—		17,256
Other comprehensive income (loss), net for the year	17,075		2,425		(39,679)		(20,179)
Balance - December 31, 2022	$	(39,248)	$	(4,247)	$	(58,115)	$	(101,610)

Year Ended December 31, 2021

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	Interest Rate Swaps		Defined Benefit Pension Plans		Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments		Total
Balance - December 31, 2020	$	(78,104)	$	(9,309)	$	(11,815)	$	(99,228)
Other comprehensive income (loss) activity during the year:
Change in AOCI/L before reclassifications to income	—		2,232		(6,621)		(4,389)
Reclassifications from AOCI/L to income (2), (3)	21,781		405		—		22,186
Other comprehensive income (loss), net for the year	21,781		2,637		(6,621)		17,797
Balance - December 31, 2021	$	(56,323)	$	(6,672)	$	(18,436)	$	(81,431)

(1)Amounts in parentheses represent debits (deferred losses).

(2)$22.6 million and $29.1 million of the reclassifications related to interest rate swaps (cash flow hedges) were recorded in Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. See Note 6 — Debt and Note 13 — Derivatives and Hedging for information regarding the cash flow hedges.

(3)The reclassifications related to defined benefit pension plans were primarily recorded in Selling, general and administrative expense, net of tax effect. See Note 15 — Employee Benefits for information regarding the Company’s defined benefit pension plans.

The estimated net amount of the existing losses on the Company’s interest rate swaps that are reported in Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net at December 31, 2022 that is expected to be reclassified into earnings within the next 12 months is $20.1 million.

Note 9 — Revenue and Related Matters

Our Business and Revenues

Gartner delivers its products and services globally through three business segments: Research, Conferences and Consulting. Revenues from those business segments are discussed below.

Research

Research equips executives and their teams from every function and across all industries with actionable, objective insight, guidance and tools. Our experienced experts deliver all this value informed by a combination of practitioner-sourced and data-driven research to help our clients address their mission critical priorities.

Research revenues are mainly derived from subscription contracts for research products, representing approximately 91% of the segment’s revenue. The related revenues are deferred and recognized ratably over the applicable contract term (i.e., as services are provided over the contract period). Fees derived from assisting organizations in selecting the right business software for their needs are recognized at a point in time (i.e., when the lead is provided to the vendor).

The Company enters into subscription contracts for research products that generally are for twelve-month periods or longer. Approximately 80% to 85% of the Company’s annual and multi-year Research subscription contracts provide for billing of the first full service period upon signing. In subsequent years, multi-year subscription contracts are normally billed prior to the contract’s anniversary date. Other Research subscription contracts are usually invoiced in advance, commencing with the contract signing, on (i) a quarterly, monthly or other recurring basis or (ii) in accordance with a customized invoicing schedule. Research contracts are generally non-cancelable and non-refundable, except for government contracts that may have cancellation or fiscal funding clauses, which have not historically resulted in material cancellations. It is the Company’s policy to record the amount of a subscription contract that is billable as a fee receivable at the time the contract is signed with a corresponding amount as deferred revenue because the contract represents a legally enforceable claim.

Conferences

Conferences provides executives and teams across an organization the opportunity to learn, share and network. From our Gartner Symposium/Xpo series, to industry-leading conferences focused on specific business roles and topics, to peer-driven sessions, our offerings enable attendees to experience the best of Gartner insight and guidance.

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The Company earns revenues from both the attendees and exhibitors at Gartner conferences and meetings. Attendees are generally invoiced for the full attendance fee upon their completion of an online registration form or their signing of a contract, while exhibitors typically make several individual payments commencing with the signing of a contract. Almost all of the invoiced amounts are collected in advance of the related activity, resulting in the recording of deferred revenue. Both the attendee and exhibitor revenues are recognized as the related performance obligations are satisfied (i.e., when the related activity is held).

The Company defers certain costs directly related to specific conferences and meetings and expenses those costs in the period during which the related activity occurs. The Company’s policy is to defer only those costs that are incremental and directly attributable to a specific activity, primarily prepaid site and production services costs. Other costs of organizing and producing conference activities, primarily Company personnel and non-conference specific expenses, are expensed in the period incurred.

Consulting 

Consulting serves senior executives leading technology-driven strategic initiatives leveraging the power of Gartner’s actionable, objective insight. Through custom analysis and on-the-ground support we enable optimized technology investments and stronger performance on our clients’ mission critical priorities.

Consulting revenues, primarily derived from custom consulting and measurement services, are principally generated from fixed fee or time and materials engagements. Revenues from fixed fee engagements are recognized as the Company works to satisfy its performance obligations, while revenues from time and materials engagements are recognized as work is delivered and/or services are provided. In both of these circumstances, performance obligations are satisfied and control of the services are passed to customers over time (i.e., during the duration of the contract or consulting engagement). On a contract-by-contract basis, the Company typically uses actual labor hours incurred compared to total expected labor hours to measure the Company’s performance in respect of fixed fee engagements. If labor and other costs on an individual contract are expected to exceed the total contract value or the contract’s funded ceiling amount, the Company reflects an adjustment to the contract’s overall profitability in the period determined. Revenues related to contract optimization engagements are contingent in nature and are only recognized at the point in time when all of the conditions related to their payment have been satisfied.

Consulting customers are invoiced based on the specific terms and conditions in their underlying contracts. They are typically invoiced after the Company has satisfied some or all of the related performance obligations and the related revenue has been recognized. The Company records fees receivable for amounts that are billed or billable. Contract assets are also recorded representing amounts for which the Company has recognized revenue but lacks the unconditional right to payment as of the balance sheet date due to the required continued performance under the relevant contract, progress billing milestones or other billing-related restrictions.

Disaggregated Revenue

Disaggregated revenue by reportable segment is presented in the tables below for the years indicated (in thousands).

By Primary Geographic Market (1)

Year Ended December 31, 2022

Primary Geographic Market	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
United States and Canada	$	3,056,096	$	263,165	$	300,121	$	3,619,382
Europe, Middle East and Africa	1,017,860		88,979		127,820		1,234,659
Other International	530,835		37,129		53,841		621,805
Total revenues	$	4,604,791	$	389,273	$	481,782	$	5,475,846

Year Ended December 31, 2021

Primary Geographic Market	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
United States and Canada	$	2,655,534	$	146,707	$	246,661	$	3,048,902
Europe, Middle East and Africa	958,339		47,883		124,757		1,130,979
Other International	487,519		19,859		46,703		554,081
Total revenues	$	4,101,392	$	214,449	$	418,121	$	4,733,962

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Year Ended December 31, 2020

Primary Geographic Market	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
United States and Canada	$	2,339,482	$	75,024	$	223,318	$	2,637,824
Europe, Middle East and Africa	826,752		28,108		111,413		966,273
Other International	436,658		17,008		41,640		495,306
Total revenues	$	3,602,892	$	120,140	$	376,371	$	4,099,403

(1)Revenue is reported based on where the sale is fulfilled.

The Company’s revenue is generated primarily through direct sales to clients by domestic and international sales forces and a network of independent international sales agents. Most of the Company’s products and services are provided on an integrated worldwide basis and, because of this integrated delivery approach, it is not practical to precisely separate Company’s revenue by geographic location. Accordingly, revenue information presented in the above tables is based on internal allocations, which involve certain management estimates and judgments.

By Timing of Revenue Recognition

Year Ended December 31, 2022

Timing of Revenue Recognition	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
Transferred over time (1)	$	4,182,747	$	—	$	378,062	$	4,560,809
Transferred at a point in time (2)	422,044		389,273		103,720		915,037
Total revenues	$	4,604,791	$	389,273	$	481,782	$	5,475,846

Year Ended December 31, 2021

Timing of Revenue Recognition	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
Transferred over time (1)	$	3,740,694	$	—	$	334,945	$	4,075,639
Transferred at a point in time (2)	360,698		214,449		83,176		658,323
Total revenues	$	4,101,392	$	214,449	$	418,121	$	4,733,962

Year Ended December 31, 2020

Timing of Revenue Recognition	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
Transferred over time (1)	$	3,313,111	$	—	$	296,546	$	3,609,657
Transferred at a point in time (2)	289,781		120,140		79,825		489,746
Total revenues	$	3,602,892	$	120,140	$	376,371	$	4,099,403

(1)Research revenues were recognized in connection with performance obligations that were satisfied over time using a time-elapsed output method to measure progress. Consulting revenues were recognized over time using labor hours as an input measurement basis.

(2)The revenues in this category were recognized in connection with performance obligations that were satisfied at the point in time that the contractual deliverables were provided to the customer.

Determining a measure of progress for performance obligations that are satisfied over time and when control transfers for performance obligations that are satisfied at a point in time requires management to make judgments that affect the timing of revenue recognition. A key factor in this determination is when the customer can direct the use of, and can obtain substantially all of the benefits from, the deliverable.

For performance obligations recognized in accordance with a time-elapsed output method, the Company’s efforts are expended consistently throughout the contractual period and the Company transfers control evenly by providing stand-ready services. For performance obligations satisfied under Consulting fixed fee or time and materials engagements, the Company believes that

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labor hours are the best measure of depicting the Company’s progress because labor output corresponds directly to the value of the Company’s performance to date as control is transferred.

For customer contracts that are greater than one year in duration, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) as of December 31, 2022 was approximately $5.2 billion. The Company expects to recognize $3.0 billion, $1.7 billion and $0.5 billion of this revenue (most of which pertains to Research) during the year ending December 31, 2023, the year ending December 31, 2024 and thereafter, respectively. The Company applies a practical expedient allowed in ASC 606 and, accordingly, it does not disclose such performance obligation information for customer contracts that have original durations of one year or less. The Company’s performance obligations for contracts meeting this ASC 606 disclosure exclusion primarily include: (i) stand-ready services under Research subscription contracts; (ii) holding conferences and meetings where attendees and exhibitors can participate; and (iii) providing customized Consulting solutions for clients under fixed fee or time and materials engagements. The remaining duration of these performance obligations is generally less than one year, which aligns with the period that the parties have enforceable rights and obligations under the affected contracts.

Customer Contract Assets and Liabilities

The payment terms and conditions in the Company’s customer contracts vary. In some cases, customers prepay and, in other cases, after the Company conducts a credit evaluation, payment may be due in arrears. Because the timing of the Company’s service delivery typically differs from the timing of customer payments, the Company recognizes either a contract asset (the Company performs either fully or partially under the contract but a contingency remains) or a contract liability (upfront customer payments precede the Company’s performance, resulting in deferred revenue). Amounts recorded as contract assets are reclassified to fees receivable when all of the outstanding conditions have been resolved and the Company’s right to payment becomes unconditional. Contracts with payments due in arrears are also recognized as fees receivable. As contractual performance obligations are satisfied, the Company correspondingly relieves its contract liabilities and records the associated revenue.

The table below provides information regarding certain of the Company’s balance sheet accounts that pertain to its contracts with customers (in thousands).

	December 31,
	2022		2021
Assets:
Fees receivable, gross (1)	$	1,565,786	$	1,371,680
Contract assets recorded in Prepaid expenses and other current assets (2)	$	21,183	$	20,054
Contract liabilities:
Deferred revenues (current liability) (3)	$	2,443,762	$	2,238,035
Non-current deferred revenues recorded in Other liabilities (3)	39,115		48,176
Total contract liabilities	$	2,482,877	$	2,286,211

(1)Fees receivable represent an unconditional right of payment from the Company’s customers and include both billed and unbilled amounts.

(2)Contract assets represent recognized revenue for which the Company does not have an unconditional right to payment as of the balance sheet date because the project may be subject to a progress billing milestone or some other billing restriction.

(3)Deferred revenues represent amounts (i) for which the Company has received an upfront customer payment or (ii) that pertain to recognized fees receivable. Both situations occur before the completion of the Company’s performance obligation(s).

The Company recognized revenue of $1.9 billion, $1.6 billion and $1.5 billion during 2022, 2021 and 2020 respectively, which was attributable to deferred revenues that were recorded at the beginning of each such year. Those amounts primarily consisted of (i) Research revenues and (ii) Conferences revenues pertaining to conferences and meetings that occurred during the reporting periods. During 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company did not record any material impairments related to its contract assets.

Costs of Obtaining and Fulfilling a Customer Contract

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When the Company concludes that a liability should be recognized for the costs of obtaining a customer contract and determines how such liability should be measured, certain commissions are capitalized as a recoverable direct incremental cost of obtaining the underlying contract. No other amounts are capitalized as a cost of obtaining or fulfilling a customer contract because no expenditures have been identified that meet the requisite capitalization criteria. For Research and Consulting, the Company amortizes deferred commissions on a systematic basis that aligns with the transfer to customers of the services to which the commissions relate. For Conferences, deferred commissions are expensed during the period when the related conference or meeting occurs.

During 2022, 2021 and 2020, deferred commission amortization expense was $562.1 million, $472.5 million and $440.5 million, respectively, and was included in Selling, general and administrative expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company classifies Deferred commissions as a current asset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at both December 31, 2022 and 2021 because those costs were, or will be, amortized over the twelve months following the respective balance sheet dates.

Note 10 — Stock-Based Compensation

The Company grants stock-based compensation awards as an incentive for employees and directors to contribute to the Company’s long-term success. The Company currently awards stock-settled stock appreciation rights, service-based and performance-based restricted stock units, and common stock equivalents. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had 4.0 million shares of its common stock, par value $0.0005 per share, (the “Common Stock”) available for stock-based compensation awards under its 2014 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “Plan”). Currently, the Company issues treasury shares upon the exercise, release or settlement of stock-based compensation awards.

Determining the appropriate fair value model and calculating the fair value of stock-based compensation awards requires the use of certain subjective assumptions, including the expected life of a stock-based compensation award and Common Stock price volatility. In addition, determining the appropriate periodic stock-based compensation expense requires management to estimate the likelihood of the achievement of certain performance targets. The assumptions used in calculating the fair values of stock-based compensation awards and the related periodic expense represent management’s best estimates, which involve inherent uncertainties and the application of judgment. As a result, if circumstances change and the Company deems it necessary in the future to modify the assumptions it made or to use different assumptions, or if the quantity and nature of the Company’s stock-based compensation awards changes, then the amount of expense may need to be adjusted and future stock-based compensation expense could be materially different from what has been recorded in the current year.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

The tables below summarize the Company’s stock-based compensation expense by award type and expense category line item during the years ended December 31 (in millions).

Award type	2022		2021		2020
Stock appreciation rights	$	8.8	$	8.2	$	7.8
Restricted stock units (1)	81.0		89.6		54.1
Common stock equivalents	0.8		0.8		0.7
Total (2)	$	90.6	$	98.6	$	62.6

Expense category line item	2022		2021		2020
Cost of services and product development	$	32.7	$	35.0	$	29.7
Selling, general and administrative	57.9		63.6		32.9
Total (1) (2)	$	90.6	$	98.6	$	62.6

(1)On February 5, 2020, prior to the COVID-19 related shutdown in the U.S., the Compensation Committee (“Committee”) of the Board of Directors of the Company established performance measures for the performance-based restricted stock units (the “PSUs”) awarded to the Company’s executive officers in 2020 under the Plan. Based on preliminary corporate performance results for the 2020 performance measures, the 2020 PSUs would have been earned at 50% of target. However, on February 3, 2021, the Committee determined to use its discretion under the Plan to approve a payout at 95% of target. In deciding to exercise this discretion to adjust the performance-based RSU payout, the Committee considered the Company’s strong overall performance in 2020 despite the significant negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. As a

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result of the modification, the Company recognized $6.5 million of incremental compensation cost during the year ended December 31, 2021.

(2)Includes charges of $32.2 million, $41.2 million and $17.9 million during 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, for awards to retirement-eligible employees. Those awards vest on an accelerated basis.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company had $118.4 million of total unrecognized stock-based compensation cost, which is expected to be expensed over the remaining weighted average service period of approximately 2.4 years.

Stock-Based Compensation Awards

The disclosures presented below provide information regarding the Company’s stock-based compensation awards, all of which have been classified as equity awards in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 505.

Stock Appreciation Rights

Stock-settled stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) permit the holder to participate in the appreciation of the value of the Common Stock. After the applicable vesting criteria have been satisfied, SARs are settled in shares of Common Stock upon exercise by the employee. SARs vest ratably over a four-year service period and expire seven years from the date of grant. The fair value of a SARs award is recognized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over four years. SARs have only been awarded to the Company’s executive officers.

When SARs are exercised, the number of shares of Common Stock issued is calculated as follows: (1) the total proceeds from the exercise of the SARs award (calculated as the closing price of the Common Stock as reported on the New York Stock Exchange on the date of exercise less the exercise price of the SARs award, multiplied by the number of SARs exercised) is divided by (2) the closing price of the Common Stock on the date of exercise. Upon exercise, the Company withholds a portion of the shares of the Common Stock to satisfy statutory tax withholding requirements. SARs recipients do not have any stockholder rights until the shares of Common Stock are issued in respect of the award, which is subject to the prior satisfaction of the vesting and other criteria relating to such grants.

The table below summarizes changes in SARs outstanding during the year ended December 31, 2022.

	Units of SARs (in millions)	Per Share Weighted Average Exercise Price		Per Share Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
Outstanding at December 31, 2021	0.8	$	145.36	$	34.72	4.45
Granted	0.1	302.90		92.56		6.11
Exercised	(0.1)	124.20		28.26		n/a
Outstanding at December 31, 2022 (1) (2)	0.8	$	168.16	$	42.99	3.89
Vested and exercisable at December 31, 2022 (2)	0.4	$	135.43	$	31.36	2.97

n/a = not applicable

(1)As of December 31, 2022, 0.4 million of the total SARs outstanding were unvested. The Company expects that substantially all of those unvested awards will vest in future periods.

(2)As of December 31, 2022, the total SARs outstanding had an intrinsic value of $140.5 million. On such date, SARs vested and exercisable had an intrinsic value of $86.4 million.

The fair value of a SARs award is determined on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton valuation model with the following weighted average assumptions for the years ended December 31:

	2022		2021		2020
Expected dividend yield (1)	—	%	—	%	—	%
Expected stock price volatility (2)	33	%	31	%	23	%
Risk-free interest rate (3)	1.8	%	0.4	%	1.5	%
Expected life in years (4)	4.59		4.74		4.68

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(1)The expected dividend yield assumption was based on both the Company’s historical and anticipated dividend payouts. Historically, the Company has not paid cash dividends on its Common Stock.

(2)The determination of expected stock price volatility was based on both historical Common Stock prices and implied volatility from publicly traded options in the Common Stock.

(3)The risk-free interest rate was based on the yield of a U.S. Treasury security with a maturity similar to the expected life of the award.

(4)The expected life represents the Company’s estimate of the weighted average period of time the SARs are expected to be outstanding (that is, the period between the service inception date and the expected exercise date).

Restricted Stock Units

Restricted stock units (“RSUs”) give the awardee the right to receive shares of Common Stock when the vesting conditions are met and certain restrictions lapse. Each RSU that vests entitles the awardee to one share of Common Stock. RSU awardees do not have any of the rights of a Gartner stockholder, including voting rights and the right to receive dividends and distributions, until the shares are released. The fair value of an RSU award is determined on the date of grant based on the closing price of the Common Stock as reported on the New York Stock Exchange on that date. Service-based RSUs vest ratably over four years and are expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. Performance-based RSUs are subject to the satisfaction of both performance and service conditions, vest ratably over four years and are expensed on an accelerated basis over the vesting period.

The table below summarizes the changes in RSUs outstanding during the year ended December 31, 2022.

	Units of RSUs (in millions)	Per Share Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2021	1.1	$	160.04
Granted (1)	0.5	301.38
Vested and released	(0.5)	152.13
Forfeited	(0.1)	195.86
Outstanding at December 31, 2022 (2) (3)	1.0	$	211.25

(1)The 0.5 million of RSUs granted during 2022 consisted of 0.2 million of performance-based RSUs awarded to executives and 0.3 million of service-based RSUs awarded to non-executive employees and non-management board members. The performance-based awards include RSUs in final adjustments of 2021 grants and approximately 0.1 million of RSUs representing the target amount of the grant for 2022 that is tied to an increase in Gartner’s contract value for such year. The number of performance-based RSUs for 2022 that holders could receive ranges from 0% to 200% of the target amount based on the extent to which the corresponding performance goals have been achieved and subject to certain other conditions. Any adjustments in the number of performance-based RSUs under the 2022 grant will be made in 2023.

(2)The Company expects that substantially all of the RSUs outstanding will vest in future periods.

(3)As of December 31, 2022, the weighted average remaining contractual term of the RSUs outstanding was approximately 1.1 years.

Common Stock Equivalents

Common stock equivalents (“CSEs”) are convertible into Common Stock. Each CSE entitles the holder to one share of Common Stock. Members of the Company’s Board of Directors receive their directors’ fees in CSEs unless they opt to receive up to 50% of those fees in cash. Generally, CSEs have no defined term and are converted into shares of Common Stock when service as a director terminates unless the director has elected an accelerated release. The fair value of a CSE award is determined on the date of grant based on the closing price of the Common Stock as reported on the New York Stock Exchange on that date. CSEs vest immediately and, as a result, they are recorded as expense on the date of grant.

The table below summarizes the changes in CSEs outstanding during the year ended December 31, 2022.

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	Units of CSEs	Per Share Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2021	114,318	$	31.15
Granted	2,641	287.83
Converted to shares of Common Stock upon grant	(1,680)	283.58
Outstanding at December 31, 2022	115,279	$	33.35

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The Company has an employee stock purchase plan (the “ESP Plan”) wherein eligible employees are permitted to purchase shares of Common Stock through payroll deductions, which may not exceed 10% of an employee’s compensation, or $23,750 in any calendar year, at a price equal to 95% of the closing price of the Common Stock as reported on the New York Stock Exchange at the end of each offering period. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had 3.3 million shares available for purchase under the ESP Plan. The ESP Plan is considered non-compensatory under FASB ASC Topic 718 and, as a result, the Company does not record stock-based compensation expense for employee share purchases. The Company received $22.2 million, $18.2 million and $18.1 million in cash from employee share purchases under the ESP Plan during 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Note 11 — Computation of Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution of securities that could share in earnings. Potential shares of common stock are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share when their effect would be anti-dilutive.

The table below sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted income per share for the years ended December 31 (in thousands, except per share data).

	2022		2021		2020
Numerator:
Net income used for calculating basic and diluted income per share	$	807,799	$	793,560	$	266,745
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares used in the calculation of basic income per share	80,178		85,026		89,315
Dilutive effect of outstanding awards associated with stock-based compensation plans	889		1,151		702
Shares used in the calculation of diluted income per share	81,067		86,177		90,017
Income per share (1):
Basic	$	10.08	$	9.33	$	2.99
Diluted	$	9.96	$	9.21	$	2.96

(1)Both basic and diluted income per share for 2021 and 2020 included a tax benefit of approximately $0.63 and $0.31 per share, respectively, related to intercompany sales of certain intellectual property (see Note 12 — Income Taxes).

The table below presents the number of outstanding awards associated with stock-based compensation plans that were not included in the computations of diluted income per share in the above table because the effect would have been anti-dilutive. During years with net income, the outstanding awards were anti-dilutive because their exercise prices were greater than the average market price per share of Common Stock during such year.

	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Anti-dilutive outstanding awards associated with stock-based compensation plans (in millions) (1)	0.1		—		0.5
Average market price per share of Common Stock during the year	$	289.73	$	252.07	$	130.95

(1)The number of anti-dilutive common stock equivalents for 2021 was de minimis.

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Note 12 — Income Taxes

Below is a summary of the components of the Company’s income before income taxes for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).

	2022		2021		2020
U.S.	$	560,193	$	485,472	$	111,880
Non-U.S.	467,002		484,398		214,253
Income before income taxes	$	1,027,195	$	969,870	$	326,133

The components of the expense (benefit) for income taxes on the above income are summarized in the table below (in thousands).

	2022		2021		2020
Current tax expense:
U.S. federal	$	122,191	$	117,024	$	14,480
State and local	48,482		36,266		16,360
Foreign	91,596		64,835		62,993
Total current	262,269		218,125		93,833
Deferred tax (benefit) expense:
U.S. federal	(21,337)		(4,640)		(7,206)
State and local	(10,108)		3,156		(13,121)
Foreign	(4,232)		(33,389)		(22,673)
Total deferred	(35,677)		(34,873)		(43,000)
Total current and deferred	226,592		183,252		50,833
(Expense) benefit relating to interest rate swaps used to increase equity	(5,569)		(7,281)		8,257
Benefit from stock transactions with employees used to increase equity	66		78		56
Benefit relating to defined-benefit pension adjustments used to increase equity	(1,693)		261		242
Total tax expense	$	219,396	$	176,310	$	59,388

The components of long-term deferred tax assets (liabilities) are summarized in the table below (in thousands).

	December 31,
	2022		2021
Accrued liabilities	$	72,610	$	90,384
Operating leases	63,289		60,226
Intangible assets	35,803		—
Loss and credit carryforwards	37,978		31,662
Assets relating to equity compensation	19,299		15,863
Other assets	16,638		12,195
Gross deferred tax assets	245,617		210,330
Valuation allowance	(152,808)		(23,331)
Net deferred tax assets	92,809		186,999
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements	(1,856)		(14,576)
Intangible assets	—		(123,523)
Prepaid expenses	(69,230)		(70,149)
Other liabilities	(22,936)		(20,536)
Gross deferred tax liabilities	(94,022)		(228,784)
Net deferred tax liabilities	$	(1,213)	$	(41,785)

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Net deferred tax assets and net deferred tax liabilities were $138.3 million and $139.5 million as of December 31, 2022, respectively, and $140.0 million and $181.8 million as of December 31, 2021, respectively. These amounts are reported in Other assets and Other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Management has concluded it is more likely than not that the reversal of deferred tax liabilities and results of future operations will generate sufficient taxable income to realize the deferred tax assets, net of the valuation allowance at December 31, 2022.

In 2022, the Company recorded a deferred tax asset of approximately $122.9 million for tax basis in intangible assets along with an offsetting valuation allowance of the same amount consistent with changes in the Company’s expectations for recovering amortizable tax basis in certain intellectual property during the period.

The valuation allowances of $152.8 million and $23.3 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, primarily related to tax basis in certain intangible assets and loss and credit carryovers that are not likely to be realized.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company had state and local tax net operating loss carryforwards of $17.6 million, of which $7.4 million expires within six to fifteen years and $10.2 million expires within sixteen to twenty years. The Company also had state tax credits of $8.0 million, a majority of which will expire in five to six years. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had non-U.S. net operating loss carryforwards of $2.1 million, of which $0.1 million expires over the next 20 years and $2.0 million can be carried forward indefinitely. In addition, the Company also had foreign tax credit carryforwards of $19.7 million, all of which will expire between 2028 and 2032. These amounts have been reduced for associated unrecognized tax benefits, consistent with ASU No. 2013-11, “Income Taxes—Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists.”

The items comprising the differences between the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate and the Company’s effective tax rate on income before income taxes for the years ended December 31 are summarized in the table below.

	2022		2021		2020
Statutory tax rate	21.0	%	21.0	%	21.0	%
State income taxes, net of federal benefit	2.4		2.8		1.7
Effect of non-U.S. operations	(2.0)		(3.4)		(1.8)
Intercompany sale of intellectual property	—		(5.6)		(8.7)
Net activity in recognized tax benefits	(1.1)		1.3		6.4
Law changes	—		1.3		1.8
Stock-based compensation expense	(2.0)		(2.0)		(2.8)
Limitation on executive compensation	1.4		1.7		1.3
Global intangible low-taxed income, net of foreign tax credits	1.9		1.7		1.4
Foreign-derived intangible income	(0.4)		(0.3)		(0.8)
Other items, net	0.2		(0.3)		(1.3)
Effective tax rate	21.4	%	18.2	%	18.2	%

The Company completed intercompany sales of certain intellectual property in 2021 and 2020. As a result, the Company recorded net tax benefits of approximately $54.1 million and $28.3 million during 2021 and 2020, respectively. These benefits represent the value of future tax deductions for amortization of the assets in the acquiring jurisdiction, net of any tax recognized in the selling jurisdiction. The Company’s intellectual property footprint continues to evolve and may result in tax rate volatility in the future.

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had gross unrecognized tax benefits of $137.2 million and $150.0 million, respectively. The decrease is primarily due to releases for expiration of statutes. The gross unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2022 related primarily to transfer pricing on intercompany transactions, the exclusion of stock-based compensation expense from the Company’s cost sharing agreement, and the ability to realize certain refund claims. It is reasonably possible that gross unrecognized tax benefits will decrease by approximately $11.7 million within the next twelve months due to the anticipated closure of audits and the expiration of certain statutes of limitation.

Included in the balance of gross unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2022 are potential benefits of $125.8 million that, if recognized, would reduce our effective tax rate on income from continuing operations. Also included in the balance of gross

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unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2022 are potential benefits of $11.4 million that, if recognized, would result in adjustments to other tax accounts, primarily deferred taxes.

The table below is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of gross unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).

	2022		2021
Beginning balance	$	150,024	$	127,080
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year	10,989		29,636
Additions for tax positions of prior years	12,153		2,756
Reductions for tax positions of prior years	(485)		(4,592)
Reductions for expiration of statutes	(30,817)		(3,240)
Settlements	(2,177)		(147)
Change in foreign currency exchange rates	(2,460)		(1,469)
Ending balance	$	137,227	$	150,024

The Company accrues interest and penalties related to gross unrecognized tax benefits in its income tax provision. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had $16.3 million and $14.3 million, respectively, of accrued interest and penalties related to gross unrecognized tax benefits. These amounts are in addition to the gross unrecognized tax benefits disclosed above. The total amount of interest and penalties recognized in the income tax provision during 2022 and 2021 was $2.4 million and $4.2 million, respectively.

The number of years with open statutes of limitation varies depending on the tax jurisdiction. The Company’s statutes are open with respect to the U.S. federal jurisdiction for 2019 and forward, India for 2005 and forward, and Ireland for 2018 and forward. For other major taxing jurisdictions, including U.S. states, the United Kingdom, Canada, Japan, Cyprus, and France, the Company’s statutes vary and are open as far back as 2012.

The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (the “OECD”) has issued various proposals that would change long-standing global tax principles. These proposals include a two-pillar approach to global taxation (BEPS 2.0/ Pillar Two), focusing on global profit allocation and a global minimum tax rate. On December 12, 2022, the European Union member states agreed to implement the OECD’s global corporate minimum tax rate of 15%, to be effective as of January 2024. Other countries are also actively considering changes to their tax laws to adopt certain parts of the OECD’s proposals. In December 2022, South Korea enacted new global minimum tax rules to align with Pillar Two. The enactment of Pillar Two legislation could have a material adverse effect on the Company's effective tax rate, financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. The Company will continue to monitor and reflect the impact of such legislative changes in future financial statements as appropriate.

Under U.S. GAAP, no provision for income taxes that may result from the remittance of earnings held overseas is required if the Company has the ability and intent to indefinitely reinvest such funds overseas. The Company continues to assert its intention to reinvest all accumulated undistributed foreign earnings in its non-U.S. operations, except in instances where the repatriation of those earnings would result in minimal additional tax. Consequently, the Company has not recognized income tax expense that would result from the remittance of those earnings. The accumulated undistributed earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries were approximately $120.3 million as of December 31, 2022.

Note 13 — Derivatives and Hedging

The Company enters into a limited number of derivative contracts to mitigate the cash flow risk associated with changes in interest rates on variable-rate debt and changes in foreign exchange rates on forecasted foreign currency transactions. The Company accounts for its outstanding derivative contracts in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 815, which requires all derivatives, including derivatives designated as accounting hedges, to be recorded on the balance sheet at fair value. The tables below provide information regarding the Company’s outstanding derivative contracts as of the dates indicated (in thousands, except for number of contracts).

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December 31, 2022

Derivative Contract Type	Number of Contracts	Notional Amounts		Fair Value Asset (Liability), Net (3)		Balance Sheet Line Item	Unrealized Loss Recorded in AOCI/L
Interest rate swap (1)	1	$	350,000	$	3,952	Other assets	$	(39,248)
				6,346		Other current assets
Foreign currency forwards (2)	138	687,763		625		Other current assets	—
Total	139	$	1,037,763	$	10,923		$	(39,248)

December 31, 2021

Derivative Contract Type	Number of Contracts	Notional Amounts		Fair Value Asset (Liability), Net (3)		Balance Sheet Line Item	Unrealized Loss Recorded in AOCI/L
Interest rate swaps (1)	4	$	1,400,000	$	(31,942)	Other liabilities	$	(56,323)
				(21,795)		Accrued liabilities
Foreign currency forwards (2)	138	533,506		(91)		Accrued liabilities	—
Total	142	$	1,933,506	$	(53,828)		$	(56,323)

(1)As a result of the payment under the then outstanding 2016 Credit Agreement term loan and revolving credit facility, the Company de-designated all of its interest rate swaps effective June 30, 2020. Accordingly, hedge accounting is not applicable, and subsequent changes to fair value of the interest rate swaps are recorded in Other income (expense), net. The amounts previously recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss are amortized into Interest expense over the terms of the hedged forecasted interest payments. Note 6 — Debt provides additional information regarding the Company’s interest rate swap contracts.

(2)The Company has foreign exchange transaction risk because it typically enters into transactions in the normal course of business that are denominated in foreign currencies that differ from the local functional currency. The Company enters into short-term foreign currency forward exchange contracts to mitigate the cash flow risk associated with changes in foreign currency rates on forecasted foreign currency transactions. These contracts are accounted for at fair value with realized and unrealized gains and losses recognized in Other income (expense), net because the Company does not designate these contracts as hedges for accounting purposes. All of the outstanding foreign currency forward exchange contracts at December 31, 2022 matured before January 31, 2023.

(3)See Note 14 — Fair Value Disclosures for the determination of the fair values of these instruments.

At December 31, 2022, all of the Company’s derivative counterparties were investment grade financial institutions. The Company did not have any collateral arrangements with its derivative counterparties and none of the derivative contracts contained credit-risk related contingent features. The table below provides information regarding amounts recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for derivative contracts for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).

Amount Recorded In	2022		2021		2020
Interest expense, net (1)	$	22,643	$	29,061	$	24,880
Other (income) expense, net (2)	(20,397)		(18,844)		22,300
Total expense, net	$	2,246	$	10,217	$	47,180

(1)Consists of interest expense from interest rate swap contracts.

(2)Consists of net realized and unrealized gains and losses on foreign currency forward contracts, gains and losses on de-designated interest rate swaps. For the year ended December 31, 2020, Other (income) expense, net included $10.3 million expense on interest rate swap contracts due to forecasted interest payments no longer being probable as a result of the payment under the then outstanding 2016 Credit Agreement term loan and revolving credit facility on June 30, 2020.

.

Note 14 — Fair Value Disclosures

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The Company’s financial instruments include cash equivalents, fees receivable from customers, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, all of which are normally short-term in nature. The Company believes that the carrying amounts of these financial instruments reasonably approximate their fair values due to their short-term nature. The Company’s financial instruments also include its outstanding variable-rate borrowings under the 2020 Credit Agreement. The Company believes that the carrying amounts of its variable-rate borrowings reasonably approximate their fair values because the rates of interest on those borrowings reflect current market rates of interest for similar instruments with comparable maturities.

The Company enters into a limited number of derivatives transactions but does not enter into repurchase agreements, securities lending transactions or master netting arrangements. Receivables or payables that result from derivatives transactions are recorded gross in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

FASB ASC Topic 820 provides a framework for the measurement of fair value and a valuation hierarchy based on the transparency of inputs used in the valuation of assets and liabilities. Classification within the valuation hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the resulting fair value measurement. The valuation hierarchy contains three levels. Level 1 measurements consist of quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 measurements include significant other observable inputs such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; identical assets or liabilities in inactive markets; observable inputs such as interest rates and yield curves; and other market-corroborated inputs. Level 3 measurements include significant unobservable inputs such as internally-created valuation models. Generally, the Company does not utilize Level 3 valuation inputs to remeasure any of its assets or liabilities. However, Level 3 inputs may be used by the Company when certain long-lived assets, including identifiable intangible assets, goodwill, and right-of-use assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis when there are indicators of impairment. Additionally, Level 3 inputs may be used by the Company in its required annual impairment review of goodwill. Information regarding the periodic assessment of the Company’s goodwill is included in Note 1 — Business and Significant Accounting Policies. The Company does not typically transfer assets or liabilities between different levels of the valuation hierarchy.

The table below presents the fair value of certain financial assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value and measured on a recurring basis in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands).

	December 31,
Description	2022		2021
Assets:
Values based on Level 1 inputs:
Deferred compensation plan assets (1)	$	6,065	$	7,428
Total Level 1 inputs	6,065		7,428
Values based on Level 2 inputs:
Deferred compensation plan assets (1)	84,318		96,627
Foreign currency forward contracts (2)	3,236		1,122
Interest rate swap contract (3)	10,298		—
Total Level 2 inputs	97,852		97,749
Total Assets	$	103,917	$	105,177
Liabilities:
Values based on Level 2 inputs:
Deferred compensation plan liabilities (1)	$	96,641	$	110,861
Foreign currency forward contracts (2)	2,611		1,213
Interest rate swap contracts (3)	—		53,737
Total Level 2 inputs	99,252		165,811
Total Liabilities	$	99,252	$	165,811

(1)The Company has a deferred compensation plan for the benefit of certain highly compensated officers, managers and other key employees (see Note 15 — Employee Benefits). The assets consist of investments in money market funds, mutual funds and company-owned life insurance contracts. The money market funds consist of cash equivalents while the mutual fund investments consist of publicly-traded and quoted equity shares. The Company considers the fair values of these assets to be based on Level 1 inputs, and such assets had fair values of $6.1 million and $7.4 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The carrying amounts of the life insurance contracts equal their cash surrender values. Cash

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surrender value represents the estimated amount that the Company would receive upon termination of a contract, which approximates fair value. The Company considers life insurance contracts to be valued based on Level 2 inputs, and such assets had fair values of $84.3 million and $96.6 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The related deferred compensation plan liabilities are recorded at fair value, or the estimated amount needed to settle the liability, which the Company considers to be a Level 2 input.

(2)The Company enters into foreign currency forward exchange contracts to hedge the effects of adverse fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates (see Note 13 — Derivatives and Hedging). Valuation of these contracts is based on observable foreign currency exchange rates in active markets, which the Company considers to be a Level 2 input.

(3)The Company has interest rate swap contracts that hedge the risk of variability from interest payments on its borrowings (see Note 6 — Debt). The fair values of interest rate swaps are based on mark-to-market valuations prepared by a third-party broker. Those valuations are based on observable interest rates from recently executed market transactions and other observable market data, which the Company considers to be Level 2 inputs. The Company independently corroborates the reasonableness of the valuations prepared by the third-party broker by using an electronic quotation service.

The table below presents the carrying amounts (net of deferred financing costs) and fair values of financial instruments that are not recorded at fair value in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands). The estimated fair value of the financial instruments was derived from quoted market prices provided by an independent dealer, which the Company considers to be a Level 2 input.

 

	Carrying Amount				Fair Value
	December 31,				December 31,
Description	2022		2021		2022		2021
2028 Notes	$	792,934	$	791,833	$	740,864	$	836,632
2029 Notes	593,951		593,139		523,842		608,346
2030 Notes	792,324		791,491		688,856		816,208
Total	$	2,179,209	$	2,176,463	$	1,953,562	$	2,261,186

Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

The Company’s certain long-lived assets, including identifiable intangible assets, goodwill, and right-of-use assets assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis when there are indicators of impairment. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company recorded impairment charges of $54.0 million and $49.5 million, respectively, on right-of-use assets and other long-lived assets primarily related to certain office leases that the Company determined will no longer be used, net of a reduction in the related lease liabilities. The impairment was derived by comparing the fair value of the impacted assets to the carrying value of those assets as of the impairment measurement date, as required under ASC Topic 360 using Level 3 inputs. See Note 7 — Leases for additional discussion related to these impairment charges. There were no impairment charges recognized during the year ended December 31, 2020.

Additionally, see Note 2 — Acquisitions and Divestiture for fair value measurements of certain assets and liabilities acquired in business combinations that are recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.

Note 15 — Employee Benefits

Defined contribution plans. The Company has savings and investment plans (the “401(k) Plans”) covering substantially all U.S. employees. Company contributions are based on the level of employee contributions, up to a maximum of 4% of an employee’s eligible salary, subject to an annual maximum. For 2022, the maximum Company match was $7,200. Amounts expensed in connection with the 401(k) Plans totaled $50.4 million, $44.1 million and $43.9 million in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Deferred compensation plans. The Company has supplemental deferred compensation plans for the benefit of certain highly compensated officers, managers and other key employees. The plans’ investment assets are recorded at fair value in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The value of those assets was $90.4 million and $104.1 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively (see Note 14 — Fair Value Disclosures for fair value information). The related deferred compensation plan liabilities, which were $96.6 million and $110.9 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, are carried at fair value and are adjusted with a corresponding charge or credit to compensation expense to reflect the fair value of the amount owed to the employees. Deferred compensation plan liabilities are recorded in Other liabilities on the Consolidated

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Balance Sheets. Compensation expense recognized for all of the Company’s deferred compensation plans was $0.4 million, $1.3 million and $1.9 million in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Defined benefit pension plans. The Company has defined benefit pension plans at several of its international locations. Benefits earned and paid under those plans are generally based on years of service and level of employee compensation. The Company’s vested benefit obligation is the actuarial present value of the vested benefits to which an employee is entitled based on the employee’s expected date of separation or retirement. The Company’s defined benefit pension plans are accounted for in accordance with FASB ASC Topics 715 and 960. The table below presents the components of the Company’s defined benefit pension plan expense for the years ended December 31 (in thousands). The components of pension expense, other than service cost, are recorded in Other income (expense), net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

	2022		2021		2020
Service cost	$	4,173	$	4,511	$	4,421
Interest cost	709		605		718
Expected return on plan assets	(459)		(350)		(493)
Recognition of actuarial loss	264		576		474
Recognition of loss due to settlements	—		286		—
Other	501		—		—
Total defined benefit pension plan expense	$	5,188	$	5,628	$	5,120

The table below presents the key assumptions used in the computation of pension expense for the years ended December 31.

	2022		2021		2020
Weighted average discount rate (1)	1.24	%	0.94	%	1.28	%
Expected return on plan assets	1.58	%	1.19	%	2.04	%
Average compensation increase	2.57	%	2.58	%	2.58	%
Cash balance interest credit rate	1.20	%	0.80	%	1.20	%

(1)Discount rates are typically determined by using the yields on long-term corporate or government bonds in the relevant country with a duration consistent with the expected term of the underlying pension obligations.

The table below provides information regarding changes in the projected benefit obligation of the Company’s defined benefit pension plans for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).

	2022		2021		2020
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year	$	57,973	$	62,297	$	52,503
Service cost	4,173		4,511		4,421
Interest cost	709		605		718
Actuarial (gain) loss due to assumption changes and plan experience (1)	(7,318)		(2,230)		1,516
Benefits payments (2)	(1,225)		(1,198)		(1,438)
Plan amendments	—		269		—
Settlements	—		(1,606)		—
Other	5,685		—		—
Foreign currency impact	(4,686)		(4,675)		4,577
Projected benefit obligation at end of year (3)	$	55,311	$	57,973	$	62,297

The table below presents the key assumptions used in determining the projected benefit obligations at December 31.

	2022		2021		2020
Weighted average discount rate (4)	3.67	%	1.24	%	0.94	%
Average compensation increase	3.37	%	2.57	%	2.58	%
Cash balance interest credit rate	3.60	%	1.20	%	0.80	%

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(1)The actuarial (gain) losses were primarily due to changes in the weighted average discount rate assumption.

(2)The Company projects benefit payments will be made in future years directly to plan participants as follows: $2.4 million in 2023; $2.6 million in 2024; $3.0 million in 2025; $3.3 million in 2026; $3.9 million in 2027; and $25.5 million in total in the five years thereafter.

(3)Measured as of December 31.

(4)Discount rates are typically determined by using the yields on long-term corporate or government bonds in the relevant country with a duration consistent with the expected term of the underlying pension obligations.

The tables below provide information regarding the funded status of the Company’s defined benefit pension plans and the related amounts recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31 (in thousands).

Funded status of the plans	2022		2021		2020
Projected benefit obligation	$	55,311	$	57,973	$	62,297
Pension plan assets at fair value (1)	(27,798)		(29,737)		(28,636)
Funded status – shortfall (2)	$	27,513	$	28,236	$	33,661
Accumulated benefit obligation	$	50,335	$	54,701	$	58,963
Amounts recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for the plans
Other liabilities – accrued pension obligation (2)	$	27,513	$	28,236	$	33,661
Stockholders’ equity – deferred actuarial loss (3)	$	(4,247)	$	(6,672)	$	(9,309)

(1)The pension plan assets are held by third-party trustees and are invested in a diversified portfolio of equities, high-quality government and corporate bonds, and other investments. The assets are primarily valued based on Level 1 and Level 2 inputs under the fair value hierarchy in FASB ASC Topic 820, with the majority of the invested assets considered to be of low-to-medium investment risk. The Company projects a future long-term rate of return on these plan assets of 3.90%, which it believes is reasonable based on the composition of the assets and both current and projected market conditions. Additional information regarding pension plan asset activity is provided below.

(2)Funded status – shortfall represents the amount of the projected benefit obligation that the Company has not funded with a third-party trustee. These liabilities of the Company are recorded in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The level of future contributions by the Company will vary and is dependent on a number of factors including investment returns, interest rate fluctuations, plan demographics, funding regulations and the results of the final actuarial valuation.

(3)The deferred actuarial loss as of December 31, 2022 is recorded in AOCI/L and will be reclassified out of AOCI/L and recognized as pension expense over approximately 12 years, subject to certain limitations set forth in FASB ASC Topic 715.

The table below provides a rollforward of the Company’s defined benefit pension plans assets for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).

	2022		2021		2020
Pension plan assets at the beginning of the year	$	29,737	$	28,636	$	23,444
Company contributions	4,450		4,865		3,924
Benefit payments	(1,225)		(1,198)		(1,438)
Actual return on plan assets	(3,072)		1,066		684
Settlements	—		(1,606)		—
Foreign currency impact	(2,092)		(2,026)		2,022
Pension plan assets at the end of the year	$	27,798	$	29,737	$	28,636

The Company also has a reinsurance asset arrangement with a large international insurance company that is intended to fund benefit payments for one of its plans. The reinsurance asset is not a pension plan asset but is an asset of the Company. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the reinsurance asset was recorded at its cash surrender value of $9.1 million and $9.5 million, respectively, and recorded in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company believes that cash surrender value approximates fair value and is equivalent to a Level 2 input under the FASB’s fair value hierarchy in FASB ASC Topic 820.

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Note 16 — Segment Information

The Company’s products and services are delivered through three segments – Research, Conferences and Consulting, as described below.

•Research equips executives and their teams from every function and across all industries with actionable, objective insight, guidance and tools. Our experienced experts deliver all this value informed by a combination of practitioner-sourced and data-driven research to help our clients address their mission critical priorities.

•Conferences provides executives and teams across an organization the opportunity to learn, share and network. From our Gartner Symposium/Xpo series, to industry-leading conferences focused on specific business roles and topics, to peer-driven sessions, our offerings enable attendees to experience the best of Gartner insight and guidance.

•Consulting serves senior executives leading technology-driven strategic initiatives leveraging the power of Gartner’s actionable, objective insight. Through custom analysis and on-the-ground support we enable optimized technology investments and stronger performance on our clients’ mission critical priorities.

The Company evaluates segment performance and allocates resources based on gross contribution margin. Gross contribution, as presented in the table below, is defined as operating income or loss excluding certain Cost of services and product development expenses, Selling, general and administrative expenses, Depreciation, Amortization of intangibles, and Acquisition and integration charges. Certain bonus and fringe benefit costs included in consolidated Cost of services and product development are not allocated to segment expense. The accounting policies used by the reportable segments are the same as those used by the Company. There are no intersegment revenues. The Company does not identify or allocate tangible assets, including capital expenditures, by reportable segment. Accordingly, tangible assets are not reported by segment because the information is not available by segment and is not reviewed in the evaluation of segment performance or in making decisions regarding the allocation of resources.

The Company earns revenue from clients in many countries. Other than the United States, there is no individual country where revenues from external clients represent 10% or more of the Company’s consolidated revenues. Additionally, no single client accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s consolidated revenues and the loss of a single client, in management’s opinion, would not have a material adverse effect on revenues.

The tables below present information about the Company’s reportable segments for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).

	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Consolidated
2022
Revenues	$	4,604,791	$	389,273	$	481,782	$	5,475,846
Gross contribution	3,414,574		210,726		189,834		3,815,134
Corporate and other expenses							(2,715,028)
Operating income							$	1,100,106
2021
Revenues	$	4,101,392	$	214,449	$	418,121	$	4,733,962
Gross contribution	3,036,925		133,748		158,843		3,329,516
Corporate and other expenses							(2,413,765)
Operating income							$	915,751
2020
Revenues	$	3,602,892	$	120,140	$	376,371	$	4,099,403
Gross contribution	2,597,852		57,302		115,744		2,770,898
Corporate and other expenses							(2,280,748)
Operating income							$	490,150

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The table below provides a reconciliation of total segment gross contribution to net income for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).

	2022		2021		2020
Total segment gross contribution	$	3,815,134	$	3,329,516	$	2,770,898
Costs and expenses:
Cost of services and product development - unallocated (1)	33,059		39,647		16,519
Selling, general and administrative	2,480,944		2,155,658		2,038,963
Depreciation and amortization	191,946		212,405		218,984
Acquisition and integration charges	9,079		6,055		6,282
Operating income	1,100,106		915,751		490,150
Interest expense and other, net	(72,911)		(98,191)		(119,203)
Gain on event cancellation insurance claims	—		152,310		—
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—		—		(44,814)
Less: Provision for income taxes	219,396		176,310		59,388
Net income	$	807,799	$	793,560	$	266,745

(1)The unallocated amounts consist of certain bonus and fringe costs recorded in consolidated Cost of services and product development that are not allocated to segment expense. The Company’s policy is to allocate bonuses to segments at 100% of a segment employee’s target bonus. Amounts above or below 100% are absorbed by corporate.

Disaggregated revenue information by reportable segment for the three years ended December 31, 2022 is presented in Note 9 — Revenue and Related Matters. Long-lived asset information by geographic location as of December 31 is summarized in the table below (in thousands).

	2022		2021
Long-lived assets (1):
United States and Canada	$	622,993	$	706,854
Europe, Middle East and Africa	252,573		298,083
Other International	123,138		125,572
Total long-lived assets	$	998,704	$	1,130,509

(1)Excludes goodwill and intangible assets for all dates.

Note 17 — Contingencies

Legal Matters. The Company is involved in legal proceedings and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company records a provision for pending litigation in its consolidated financial statements when it is determined that an unfavorable outcome is probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company believes that the potential liability, if any, in excess of amounts already accrued from all proceedings, claims and litigation will not have a material effect on its financial position, cash flows or results of operations when resolved in a future period.

Indemnifications. The Company has various agreements that may obligate it to indemnify the other party with respect to certain matters. Generally, these indemnification clauses are included in contracts arising in the normal course of business under which the Company customarily agrees to hold the other party harmless against losses arising from a breach of representations related to matters such as title to assets sold and licensed or certain intellectual property rights. It is not possible to predict the maximum potential amount of future payments under these indemnification agreements due to the conditional nature of the Company’s obligations and the unique facts of each particular agreement. Historically, payments made by the Company under these agreements have not been material. As of December 31, 2022, the Company did not have any material payment obligations under any such indemnification agreements.

Note 18 — Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

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The Company maintains an allowance for bad debt. The table below summarizes the activity in the Company’s allowance for losses for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).

	Balance at Beginning of Year		Additions Charged to Expense		Deductions from the Reserve		Balance at End of Year
2022	$	6,500	$	7,800	$	(5,300)	$	9,000
2021	$	10,000	$	2,800	$	(6,300)	$	6,500
2020	$	8,000	$	16,000	$	(14,000)	$	10,000

Note 19 — Subsequent Event

On February 2, 2023, the Company's Board of Directors authorized incremental share repurchases of up to an additional $400.0 million of Gartner's common stock. This authorization is in addition to the previously authorized repurchases of up to $3.8 billion, which as of the end of January 2023 had approximately $606.0 million remaining.

ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY.

None.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

		Gartner, Inc.
Date:	February 16, 2023	By:	/s/ Eugene A. Hall
		Eugene A. Hall
		Chief Executive Officer

POWER OF ATTORNEY

Each person whose signature appears below appoints Eugene A. Hall and Craig W. Safian and each of them, acting individually, as his or her attorney-in-fact, each with full power of substitution, for him or her in all capacities, to sign all amendments to this Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with appropriate exhibits and other related documents, with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Each of the undersigned ratifies and confirms his or her signatures as they may be signed by his or her attorney-in-fact to any amendments to this report. Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:

Name	Title	Date
/s/ Eugene A. Hall	Director and Chief Executive Officer	February 16, 2023
Eugene A. Hall	(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ Craig W. Safian	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer	February 16, 2023
Craig W. Safian	(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
/s/ Peter E. Bisson	Director	February 16, 2023
Peter E. Bisson
/s/ Richard J. Bressler	Director	February 16, 2023
Richard J. Bressler
/s/ Raul E. Cesan	Director	February 16, 2023
Raul E. Cesan
/s/ Karen E. Dykstra	Director	February 16, 2023
Karen E. Dykstra
/s/ Diana S. Ferguson	Director	February 16, 2023
Diana S. Ferguson
/s/ Anne Sutherland Fuchs	Director	February 16, 2023
Anne Sutherland Fuchs
/s/ William O. Grabe	Director	February 16, 2023
William O. Grabe
/s/ Stephen G. Pagliuca	Director	February 16, 2023
Stephen G. Pagliuca
/s/ Eileen M. Serra	Director	February 16, 2023
Eileen M. Serra
/s/ James C. Smith	Director	February 16, 2023
James C. Smith

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EX-10.14

GARTNER, INC.

LONG-TERM INCENTIVE PLAN

PERFORMANCE STOCK UNIT AGREEMENT

Gartner, Inc. (the “Company”) hereby grants you (or the “Grantee”) the number of performance stock units indicated in the notice of grant (a “PSU” or the “PSUs”) under the Company’s Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended from time to time (the “Plan”) (this type of Award is referred to as Performance Shares under the Plan). The date of this Agreement is February 9, 2023 (the “Grant Date”). Subject to the provisions of Appendix A, Appendix B (each attached hereto) and of the Plan, the principal features of this PSU grant are as follows:

Target Number of PSUs: As provided in the notice of grant, subject to adjustment as provided under Performance Adjustment below.

Performance Adjustment: The performance conditions and performance goals applicable to the PSUs are as set forth in Appendix B.

Vesting Schedule:

Twenty-five percent (25%) of the PSUs eligible to vest (if any, as determined as set forth on Appendix B) shall vest on each of the first four anniversaries of the date hereof, or February 9, 2024, 2025, 2026 and 2027, subject to Grantee’s Continued Service through each such date.

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APPENDIX A

TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF PERFORMANCE STOCK UNITS

1.Grant of PSUs. The Company hereby grants to the Grantee under the Plan, as a separate incentive in connection with his or her employment and not in lieu of any salary or other compensation for his or her services, the number of Performance Stock Units (“PSUs”) indicated in the notice of grant, subject to all of the terms and conditions in this Agreement and the Plan. This type of Award is referred to as “Performance Shares” under the Plan.

2.Company’s Obligation to Pay. Each PSU has a value equal to the Fair Market Value of a Share on the date of grant. Unless and until the PSUs have vested in the manner set forth in Paragraph 3, the Grantee will have no right to payment of such PSUs. Prior to actual payment of any vested PSUs, such PSUs will represent an unfunded and unsecured obligation of the Company. Payment of any vested PSUs will be made in Shares only. In no event will the Grantee be permitted, directly or indirectly, to specify the taxable year of the payment of any PSUs payable under the Agreement.

3.Vesting Schedule.

(a)General Rule. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, the PSUs awarded by this Agreement are scheduled to vest in accordance with the vesting schedule set forth in the notice of grant. PSUs scheduled to vest on a particular date will vest only if the Grantee remains in Continued Service (as defined below) through such date. Subject to the following subsections of this Paragraph 3, should the Grantee’s Continued Service end at any time (the “Termination Date”) while the PSUs remain outstanding, any unvested PSUs will be immediately cancelled.

(b)Termination of Continued Service due to Death or Disability. If the Grantee’s termination of Continued Service is due to the Grantee’s death or Disability, the unvested portion of the PSUs shall vest in full on the Termination Date. For the avoidance of doubt, if a Grantee’s Continued Service terminates due to his or her death or Disability and the Grantee is eligible for a Retirement as defined in and in accordance with the requirements set forth in Paragraph 28 of this Agreement, such termination of Continued Service shall be governed by this Paragraph 3(b) and shall not be treated as a Retirement.

(c)Termination of Continued Service due to Retirement-Eligible Voluntary Resignation During the Year of Grant. If termination of Continued Service is due to a voluntary resignation and the Grantee is eligible for a Retirement in accordance with the requirements set forth in Paragraph 28 of this Agreement, occurring during the calendar year in which the grant was made, the unvested portion of the PSUs shall continue to vest after the Termination Date as set forth in the notice of grant, despite the termination of Continued Service (subject to Paragraph 12(c) hereof); provided, that the target number of PSUs so granted will be reduced to equal the percentage of days in that year in which the Grantee was in Continued Service (i.e., for the avoidance of doubt, the target number of PSUs will equal the number specified in the notice of grant, multiplied by the number of days from January 1 for which the Grantee was in Continued Service, divided by 365).

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(d)Termination of Continued Service due to Retirement-Eligible Voluntary Resignation After the Year of Grant or Retirement-Eligible Termination without Cause.If the Grantee is eligible for a Retirement in accordance with the requirements set forth in Paragraph 28 of this Agreement and his or her termination of Continued Service is due to (i) a voluntary resignation occurring any time after the calendar year in which the grant was made, or (ii) an involuntary termination without Cause, other than pursuant to a Qualifying Termination (which treatment is governed exclusively by Paragraph 3(e)), the entire unvested portion of the PSUs shall continue to vest after the Termination Date as set forth in the notice of grant, despite the termination of Continued Service, subject to Paragraph 12(c) hereof.

(e)Qualifying Termination following a Change of Control. Unless the Grantee’s employment, severance or other written agreement with the Company provides more favorable treatment, in the event the Company involuntarily terminates Grantee’s Continued Service without Cause (including as a result of the elimination of his or her position) during the twelve (12) months following a Change of Control (“Qualifying Termination”), the unvested portion of the PSUs shall vest on the Termination Date, with the performance goals hereunder being deemed achieved at one-hundred percent (100%) of the target level of performance. For the avoidance of doubt, (i) to the extent that the Grantee is eligible for a Retirement in accordance with the requirements set forth in Paragraph 28 of this Agreement and he or she experiences a Qualifying Termination, the vesting provisions set forth in this Paragraph 3(e) (not Paragraph 3(d)) shall control, and (ii) Section 13.10 of the Plan does not apply to the PSUs granted hereunder.

(f)Other Conditions. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, (i) the vesting terms set forth in this Paragraph 3 are contingent upon the Grantee being in full compliance with all the terms of this Agreement at the time of vesting, and (ii) in the case of PSUs as to which the Performance Adjustment referred to in the notice of grant has not been made at the Termination Date, the PSUs that will be deemed vested on the Termination Date or otherwise pursuant to this Paragraph 3 shall be determined, and shall vest, when such Performance Adjustment has occurred.

4.Payment after Vesting. Any PSUs that vest in accordance with Paragraph 3 will be released to the Grantee (or in the event of the Grantee’s death, to his or her estate) in Shares as soon as practicable following the date of vesting, subject to Paragraph 7, but in no event later than the applicable two and one-half (2-½) month period of the “short-term deferral” rule set forth in the Section 1.409A-1(b)(4) of the Treasury Regulations issued under Section 409A. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the PSUs are “deferred compensation” within the meaning of Section 409A, the vested PSUs will be released to the Grantee (or in the event of the Grantee’s death, to his or her estate) in Shares as soon as practicable following the date of vesting, subject to Paragraph 7, but in no event later than the end of the calendar year that includes the date of vesting or, if later, the fifteen (15th) day of the third (3rd) calendar month following the date of vesting (provided that the Grantee will not be permitted, directly or indirectly, to designate the taxable year of the payment). Further, if some or all of the PSUs that are “deferred compensation” within the meaning of Section 409A vest on account of the Grantee’s termination of Continued Service (other than due to death) in accordance with Paragraph 3, the PSUs that vest on account of the Grantee’s termination of Continued Service will not be considered due or

3

payable until the Grantee has a “separation from service” within the meaning of Section 409A. In addition, if the Grantee is a “specified employee” within the meaning of Section 409A at the time of the Grantee’s separation from service (other than due to death), then any accelerated PSUs will be paid to the Grantee no earlier than six (6) months and one (1) day following the date of the Grantee’s separation from service unless the Grantee dies following his or her separation from service, in which case, the PSUs will be paid to the Grantee’s estate as soon as practicable following his or her death, subject to Paragraph 7.

5.Forfeiture. Subject to Paragraphs 3(c), 3(d) and 3(e) and notwithstanding any contrary provision of this Agreement, the balance of the PSUs that have not vested pursuant to Paragraph 3 at the time the Grantee ceases to be in Continued Service will be forfeited and automatically transferred to and reacquired by the Company at no cost to the Company. The Grantee shall not be entitled to a refund of any of the price paid for the PSUs forfeited to the Company pursuant to this Paragraph 5.

6.Death of Grantee. Any distribution or delivery to be made to the Grantee under this Agreement will, if the Grantee is then deceased, be made to the administrator or executor of the Grantee’s estate (or such other person to whom the PSUs are transferred pursuant to the Grantee’s will or in accordance with the laws of descent and distribution). Any such transferee must furnish the Company (a) written notice of his or her status as a transferee, (b) evidence satisfactory to the Company to establish the validity of the transfer of these PSUs and compliance with any laws or regulations pertaining to such transfer, and (c) written acceptance of the terms and conditions of this Performance Stock Unit grant as set forth in this Agreement.

7.Withholding of Taxes. When the Shares are issued as payment for vested PSUs, the Grantee will recognize immediate U.S. taxable income if the Grantee is a U.S. taxpayer. If the Grantee is a non-U.S. taxpayer, the Grantee may be subject to applicable taxes in his or her jurisdiction. The Company (or the employing parent of the Company or Subsidiary) will withhold a portion of the Shares otherwise issuable in payment for vested PSUs that have an aggregate market value sufficient to pay the federal, state and local income, employment and any other applicable taxes required to be withheld by the Company (or the employing parent of the Company or Subsidiary) with respect to the Shares, not to exceed the amount determined by using the maximum federal, state or local marginal income tax rates applicable to the Grantee or the Company, as applicable, with respect to the Shares on the date that the amount of tax to be withheld or remitted is to be determined. No fractional Shares will be withheld or issued pursuant to the grant of PSUs and the issuance of Shares thereunder. The Company (or the employing parent of the Company or Subsidiary) may instead, in its discretion, withhold an amount necessary to pay the applicable taxes from the Grantee’s paycheck, with no withholding of Shares. In the event the withholding requirements are not satisfied through the withholding of Shares (or, through the Grantee’s paycheck, as indicated above), no payment will be made to the Grantee (or his or her estate) for PSUs unless and until satisfactory arrangements (as determined by the Committee) have been made by the Grantee with respect to the payment of any income and other taxes which the Company determines must be withheld or collected with respect to such PSUs. By accepting this Award, the Grantee expressly consents to the withholding of Shares and to any cash or Share withholding as provided for in this Paragraph 7. All income and other taxes related to the Performance Stock Unit award and any Shares delivered in payment thereof are the sole responsibility of the Grantee. In no event will the Company reimburse the Grantee for any taxes or other costs that may be imposed on the Grantee as result of Section 409A.

8.Rights as Stockholder. Neither the Grantee nor any person claiming under or through the Grantee shall have any of the rights or privileges of a stockholder of the Company in respect of any Shares deliverable hereunder unless and until certificates representing such Shares (which may be in book entry form) shall have been issued, recorded on the records of the

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Company or its transfer agents or registrars, and delivered to the Grantee (including through electronic delivery to a brokerage account). Notwithstanding any contrary provisions of this Agreement, any quarterly or other regular, periodic dividends or distributions (as determined by the Company) paid on Shares will accrue with respect to unvested PSUs will be subject to the same forfeiture provisions (if any), and be paid out at the same time or time(s), as the underlying PSUs on which such dividends or other distributions have accrued.After such issuance, recordation and delivery, the Grantee will have all the rights of a stockholder of the Company with respect to voting such Shares and receipt of dividends and distributions on such Shares.

9.No Effect on Employment or Service. The Grantee’s employment with the Company and any parent of the Company or Subsidiary is on an at-will basis only, subject to the provisions of applicable law. Accordingly, subject to any written, express employment contract with the Grantee, nothing in this Agreement or the Plan shall confer upon the Grantee any right to continue to be employed by the Company or the employing parent or Subsidiary or shall interfere with or restrict in any way the rights of the Company or the employing parent of the Company or Subsidiary, which are hereby expressly reserved, to terminate the employment of the Grantee at any time for any reason whatsoever, with or without good cause. Such reservation of rights can be modified only in an express written contract executed by a duly authorized officer of the Company or the parent or Subsidiary employing the Grantee.

10.Address for Notices. Any notice to be given to the Company under the terms of this Agreement shall be addressed to the Company, in care of its Secretary at theCompany’s headquarters, P.O. Box 10212, 56 Top Gallant Road, Stamford, CT 06902-7700, or at such other address as the Company may hereafter designate in writing.

11.Grant is Not Transferable. Except to the limited extent provided in Paragraph 6 above, this grant and the rights and privileges conferred hereby shall not be transferred, assigned, pledged or hypothecated in any way (whether by operation of law or otherwise) and shall not be subject to sale under execution, attachment or similar process. Upon any attempt to transfer, assign, pledge, hypothecate or otherwise dispose of this grant, or of any right or privilege conferred hereby, or upon any attempted sale under any execution, attachment or similar process, this grant and the rights and privileges conferred hereby immediately shall become null and void. Notwithstanding the preceding, the Grantee may transfer (not for consideration and for bona fide estate planning purposes) the Performance Stock Units awarded under this Agreement to a revocable estate planning trust that is established solely for the benefit of Grantee and his or her immediate family. Any such transfer will be permitted only if it is in compliance with such rules and procedures as the Company may establish from time to time. Among other things, Grantee must acknowledge and agree that (a) for U.S. income tax purposes, all taxable income from the Performance Stock Units will be reported to Grantee alone, (b) if Grantee proposes to change the nature or character of the transferee trust, Grantee first must inform the Company and the Company may require that the Performance Stock Units be transferred back to Grantee alone, and (c) no additional other or further transfers of the Performance Stock Units will be permitted under any circumstance.

12.Non-Competition. (a)(i) “Competitive Acts” shall mean: (A) the development, production, marketing or selling of (or assisting others to develop, produce, market or sell): (x) syndicated research that competes with the Company; or (y) a product or service which is competitive with the existing or planned products or services of the Company with which Grantee was involved or managed at any time during the last twenty-four (24) months of the Grantee’s Continued Service; and/or (B) the direct or indirect provision of services to or solicitation of the Company’s clients or known prospects with whom Grantee had contact, managed, or became aware of as a result of being employed by the Company, for the purposes of developing, producing, marketing or selling such competitive products or services.

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(ii)    Grantee understands and agrees that the Company’s business is global in nature and that its clients are located throughout the world; therefore, a territorial limitation on the non-competition covenants set forth in this Paragraph 12 would not allow the Company to adequately protect its legitimate business interests, and the absence of such a limitation is entirely reasonable under these circumstances. In addition, Grantee agrees that the provisions of this Paragraph 12 are reasonable to protect and preserve the Company’s legitimate business interests, including the protection of the Company’s Confidential Information (as defined below) and the Company’s substantial investment made to develop and retain its Confidential Information, client base, accounts and related goodwill.

(iii)    The Company may, in its sole discretion, waive any portion of the Grantee’s obligations contained in this Paragraph 12. No such waiver shall be valid unless directly provided to Grantee, in writing, by the Company’s General Counsel or his or her designee.

(b)    Grantee agrees that, for a period of two (2) years following the termination of his or her Continued Service for any reason whatsoever (the “Restricted Period”), the Grantee will not, on his or her own behalf or on behalf of any other person or entity (whether as a consultant, analyst, sales person, independent contractor, independent business venturer, partner, member, employee or otherwise), directly or indirectly: (i) engage in any Competitive Acts; and/or (ii) entice, encourage, cause or invite any of the Company’s clients, known prospects, and vendors to discontinue, diminish, or otherwise adversely modify the business done with the Company, or otherwise interfere with the relationship between the Company and its clients, known prospects, and vendors.

(c)    Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, in the event of the Grantee’s termination of Continued Service due to either a Retirement-eligible involuntary termination without Cause or a Retirement-eligible voluntary resignation (whether during or after the year of grant), as described in Paragraph 3(c) or Paragraph 3(d), as applicable (a “Retirement-Eligible Separation”), prior to the second (2nd) anniversary of the Grant Date, the Restricted Period shall initially last for two (2) years following such termination of Continued Service (the “Initial Retirement Restricted Period”); provided, that in order to receive vesting of any portion of the PSUs following the end of the Initial Retirement Restricted Period, the Grantee must comply with the following (in any event, subject to continued compliance with the terms of the Plan and this Agreement):

(i)Initial Post-Restriction Tranche. Provide the Company’s Capital Appreciation Team (via email at Equity@Gartner.com) and the Company’s General Counsel with (x) no less than five (5) business days prior to the expiration of the Initial Retirement Restricted Period, a written acknowledgment that, in consideration for vesting of the first tranche of the PSUs that is scheduled to vest after the Initial Retirement Restricted Period (the “Initial Post-Restriction Tranche”), he or she is electing to, and shall, be subject to the provisions of this Paragraph 12 through the applicable vesting date for the Initial Post-Restriction Tranche (and in such case, the Restricted Period shall be extended through such vesting date), and (y) no less than five (5) business days prior to the applicable vesting date for the Initial Post-Restriction Tranche, a written confirmation that he or she has complied with the provisions of this Paragraph 12 from the end of the Initial Retirement Restricted Period and will comply with such provisions through the applicable vesting date for the Initial Post-Restriction Tranche. In the event that the Grantee does not timely provide either or both of such notices, any remaining unvested portion of the PSUs will be immediately cancelled upon the expiration of the applicable deadline set forth in this Paragraph 12(c)(i).

(ii)Second Post-Restriction Tranche. To the extent that any portion of the PSUs remains unvested following vesting of the Initial Post-Restriction Tranche, provide the Company’s Capital Appreciation Team (via email at Equity@Gartner.com) and the Company’s General Counsel with (x) no less than five (5) business days prior to the vesting of the Initial

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Post-Restriction Tranche, a written acknowledgment that, in consideration for the final tranche of the PSUs that is scheduled to vest after the Initial Retirement Restricted Period (the “Second Post-Restriction Tranche”), he or she is electing to, and shall, be subject to the provisions of this Paragraph 12 through the applicable vesting date for the Second Post-Restriction Tranche (and in such case, the Restricted Period shall be extended through such vesting date), and (y) no less than five (5) business days prior to the applicable vesting date for the Second Post-Restriction Tranche, a written confirmation that he or she has complied with the provisions of this Paragraph 12 from the end of the vesting date for the Initial Post-Restriction Tranche and will comply with such provisions through the vesting date for the Second Post-Restriction Tranche. In the event that the Grantee does not timely provide either or both of such notices, any remaining unvested portion of the PSUs will be immediately cancelled upon the expiration of the applicable deadline set forth in this Paragraph 12(c)(ii).

(iii)Illustration. For illustrative purposes only, if the Grantee were to incur a termination of Continued Service due to a Retirement-Eligible Separation three months after the Grant Date, (x) the Initial Retirement Restricted Period would extend to the date that is two years and three months following the Grant Date (and the first two tranches of the PSUs would vest during the Initial Retirement Restricted Period on the first and second anniversaries of the Grant Date, subject to the Grantee’s continued compliance with the terms of this Agreement), (y) in order to receive vesting of the Initial Post-Restriction Tranche, the Grantee would be required to (A) give written acknowledgment of continued applicability of this Paragraph 12 through the third anniversary of the Grant Date (i.e., the vesting date for the Initial Post-Restriction Tranche), no less than five business days prior to expiration of the Initial Retirement Restricted Period, and (B) give written confirmation of compliance with this Paragraph 12 through the third anniversary of the Grant Date, no less than five business days prior to the third anniversary of the Grant Date, and (z) in order to receive vesting of the Second Post-Restriction Tranche, the Grantee would be required to (A) give written acknowledgment of continued applicability of this Paragraph 12 through the fourth anniversary of the Grant Date (i.e., the vesting date for the Second Post-Restriction Tranche), no less than five business days prior to the third anniversary of the Grant Date, and (B) give written confirmation of compliance with this Paragraph 12 through the fourth anniversary of the Grant Date, no less than five business days prior to the fourth anniversary of the Grant Date.

(d)    Grantee agrees that, in addition to any and all other remedies available to the Company (at law, in equity, or as otherwise set forth in this Agreement), the Company shall be entitled to liquidated damages for any violation of Paragraph 12 during the Restricted Period (or, in the event of a Retirement-Eligible Separation, the Initial Retirement Restricted Period) in an amount equal to: (i) the final twelve (12) months’ salary, commissions, and bonus paid to the Grantee; and (ii) an additional amount equal to the aggregate dollar value of shares underlying any stock appreciation rights, performance stock units, and/or restricted stock units that vested (or, in the case of stock appreciation rights, vested and Grantee exercised) at any time during the twelve (12) months prior to the Grantee’s termination of Continued Service. The dollar value of each such share shall be equal to the closing price of Gartner stock on the date of grant of the applicable stock appreciation right, performance stock unit or restricted stock unit. To the extent that Grantee chooses to receive the Initial Retirement Post-Restriction Tranche and/or the Second Post-Restriction Tranche but violates the provisions of Paragraphs 12(c)(i) and/or (ii), respectively, in addition to any and all other remedies available to the Company (at law, in equity, or otherwise set forth in this Agreement), the Company shall be entitled to liquidated damages equal to an amount equal to the aggregate dollar value of shares underlying any stock appreciation rights, performance stock units, and/or restricted stock units that vested (or, in the case of stock appreciation rights, vested and Grantee exercised) at any time during the twelve (12) months prior to the violation of such Paragraph. Grantee agrees that the liquidated damages set forth herein are a reasonable approximation of the damages experienced by the Company for a violation of Paragraph 12, and are not to be deemed a penalty of any kind.

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(e)    Grantee acknowledges that the time, geographic and scope limitations of the non-competition and non-solicitation provisions set forth herein are fair and reasonable in all respects, and that Grantee will not be precluded from gainful employment if obligated to comply with the provisions hereof. To the extent a court of appropriate jurisdiction finds the duration and/or geographic scope of the non-competition or non-solicitation restrictions to be unenforceable under applicable law, in whole or in part, then it is the intention of the parties that such restriction be enforced to the fullest extent which the court deems reasonable. In the event of Grantee’s breach or violation of this Paragraph 12, or good faith allegation by the Company of such breach or violation, the Restricted Period, the Initial Retirement Restricted Period, and the periods set forth in Paragraphs 12(c)(i) and (ii) (as applicable),shall be tolled until such breach or violation, or allegation thereof, has been duly cured or resolved.

(f)    During the Restricted Period, the Initial Retirement Restricted Period, and the periods set forth in Paragraphs 12(c)(i) and (ii) (as applicable), the Grantee will notify (in writing and not less than 72 hours in advance) the Company’s General Counsel if he or she intends to become an employee or other service provider of any entity other than the Company (for example, but not by way of limitation, as an employee, consultant, analyst, sales person, independent contractor, agent, independent business venturer, partner or member).

(e)    For purposes of this Paragraph 12, the “Company” shall include the Company or any parent of the Company or Subsidiary.

13.Non-Solicitation and No-Hire. The Grantee further agrees that, during the Restricted Period, the Initial Retirement Restricted Period, and the periods set forth in Paragraphs 12(c)(i) and (ii) (as applicable), the Grantee will not, directly or indirectly solicit, entice, or recruit employees of the Company to leave its employ, or offer or cause to be offered employment to any person who was employed by the Company at any time during the twelve (12) months prior to the termination of Grantee’s Continued Service.General mass solicitations of employment that are not directed at the Company or any employee(s) of the Company shall not be prohibited by this Paragraph 13. For purposes of this Paragraph 13 (and the preceding Paragraph 12, the “Company” shall include the Company and its Subsidiaries).

For purposes of this Paragraph 13, the “Company” shall include the Company or any parent of the Company or Subsidiary.

14.Successors and Assigns. The Company may assign any of its rights under the Agreement to single or multiple assignees, and this Agreement shall inure to the benefit of the successors and assigns of the Company. The rights and obligations of the Grantee under this Agreement may be assigned only with the prior written consent of the Company.

15.Restrictions on Sale of Securities. The Shares issued as payment for vested PSUs awarded under this Agreement will be registered under the federal securities laws and will be freely tradable upon receipt. However, the Grantee’s subsequent sale of the Shares will be subject to any market blackout-period that may be imposed by the Company and must comply with the Company’s insider trading policies, and any other applicable securities laws.

16.Binding Agreement. Subject to the limitation on the transferability of this grant contained herein, this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the heirs, legatees, legal representatives, successors and assigns of the parties hereto.

17.Conditions for Issuance of Stock. The Shares of stock deliverable to the Grantee may be either previously authorized but unissued Shares or issued Shares which have been reacquired by the Company. The Company shall not be required to transfer on its books or list in

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street name with a brokerage company or otherwise issue any certificate or certificates for Shares hereunder prior to fulfillment of all the following conditions: (a) the admission of such Shares to listing on all stock exchanges on which such class of stock is then listed; and (b) the completion of any registration or other qualification of such Shares under any state or federal law or under the rulings or regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission or any other governmental regulatory body, which the Committee shall, in its absolute discretion, deem necessary or advisable; and (c) the obtaining of any approval or other clearance from any state or federal governmental agency, which the Committee shall, in its absolute discretion, determine to be necessary or advisable; and (d) the lapse of such reasonable period of time following the date of vesting of the PSUs as the Committee may establish from time to time for reasons of administrative convenience.

18.Plan Governs. This Agreement is subject to all terms and provisions of the Plan. In the event of a conflict between one or more provisions of this Agreement and one or more provisions of the Plan, the provisions of the Plan shall govern. Capitalized terms used and not defined in this Agreement shall have the meaning set forth in the Plan.

19.Committee Authority. The Committee shall have the power to interpret the Plan and this Agreement and to adopt such rules for the administration, interpretation and application of the Plan as are consistent therewith and to interpret or revoke any such rules (including, but not limited to, the determination of whether or not any PSUs have vested). All actions taken and all interpretations and determinations made by the Committee shall be final and binding upon the Grantee, the Company and all other persons, and shall be given the maximum deference permitted by law. No member of the Committee shall be personally liable for any action, determination or interpretation made in good faith with respect to the Plan or this Agreement.

20.Electronic Delivery and Acceptance. The Company, in its sole discretion, may decide to deliver any documents related to Performance Stock Units awarded under the Plan or future Performance Stock Units that may be awarded under the Plan by electronic means. The Grantee hereby consents to receive such documents by electronic delivery and agrees to participate in the Plan through any on-line or electronic system established and maintained by the Company or another third party designated by the Company.

21.Captions. Captions provided herein are for convenience only and are not to serve as a basis for interpretation or construction of this Agreement.

22.Agreement Severable. In the event that any provision in this Agreement shall be held invalid or unenforceable, such provision shall be severable from, and such invalidity or unenforceability shall not be construed to have any effect on, the remaining provisions of this Agreement or the Agreement Regarding Certain Conditions of Employment. Further, any such provision held invalid or unenforceable will be modified to conform to a provision that most closely expresses the intent of the invalid of unenforceable provision.

23.Entire Agreement. This Plan and this Agreement (including all appendices attached hereto) together constitute the entire understanding of the parties on the subjects covered. The Grantee expressly warrants that he or she is not executing this Agreement in reliance on any promises, representations, or inducements other than those contained herein. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Award Agreement shall not have any impact on the Agreement Regarding Certain Conditions of Employment, which is a standalone agreement. The obligations under the Agreement Regarding Certain Conditions of Employment remain in full force and effect.

24.Modifications to the Agreement; Clawback. The Plan and this Agreement together constitute the entire understanding of the parties on the subjects covered. The Grantee

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expressly warrants that he or she is not accepting this Agreement in reliance on any promises, representations, or inducements other than those contained herein. Modifications to this Agreement or the Plan can be made only in an express written contract executed by a duly authorized officer of the Company. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Plan or this Agreement, the Company reserves the right to revise this Agreement as it deems necessary or advisable, in its sole discretion and without the consent of the Grantee, to avoid imposition of any additional tax or income recognition under Section 409A prior to the actual payment of Shares pursuant to this award of PSUs, provided that such revision would not materially reduce the economic benefits provided or intended to be provided under this Agreement. Additionally, this Agreement and the award made hereunder shall be subject to any clawback policy which the Company may adopt from time to time as required by law or otherwise.

25.Amendment, Suspension or Termination of the Plan. By accepting this award, the Grantee expressly warrants that he or she has received an award under the Plan, and has received, read and understood a description of the Plan. The Grantee understands that the Plan is discretionary in nature and may be modified, suspended or terminated by the Company at any time.

26.Governing Law. This Agreement and the grant of PSUs shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware, without regard to its conflicts of law provisions; provided that, notwithstanding the foregoing, Sections 13 and 14 of this Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of Connecticut, without regard to its conflicts of law provisions.

27.Reasonable Period of Time. The Grantee acknowledges that the Grantee was given a reasonable period of time in which to review and consider this Award Agreement; the Grantee has, in fact, carefully reviewed this Award Agreement; and the Grantee is entering into it voluntarily and of the Grantee’s own free will. The Grantee further acknowledges that the Company advised the Grantee to consult with an attorney in connection with reviewing this Award Agreement. The Grantee further acknowledges that the Grantee has read this Award Agreement in its entirety, and that the Grantee fully understand its terms and legal effect.

28.Defined Terms: Capitalized terms used in this Agreement without definition will have the meanings provided for in the Plan. When used in this Agreement, the following capitalized terms will have the following meanings:

“Confidential Information” means all information related to the operation of the Company's business and knowledge of the Company's assets, including, but not limited to, (i) financial information, (ii) products, (iii) product and services costs, prices, profits and sales, (iv) forecasts, (v) computer programs, (vi) data bases (and the documentation and information contained therein), (vii) computer access codes and similar information, (viii) software ideas, (ix) know-how, technologies, concepts and designs, (x) research projects and all information connected with research and development efforts, (xi) records, (xii) business relationships, methods and recommendations, (xiii) client lists (including identities of clients and prospective clients, identities of individual contracts at business entities which are clients or prospective clients, client spending, preferences, business or habits), (xiv) subscription or consultant termination dates, (xv) personnel files, (xvi) competitive analyses, (xvii) other confidential or proprietary information or trade secrets that have not been made available to the general public by the Company's senior management, and (xviii) non-public information provided to the Company by its clients, and other tangible or intangible assets and other information obtained by the Grantee in the course of his or her employment with the Company. Information shall not be deemed Confidential Information if it is or

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becomes available in the public domain other than as a result of an unauthorized use, disclosure or action by Grantee, at Grantee’s direction or on Grantee’s behalf, or by any other person who directly or indirectly receives such information from Grantee.

“Continued Service” means that the Grantee’s employment relationship is not interrupted or terminated by the Grantee, the Company, or any parent or Subsidiary of the Company. The Grantee’s employment relationship will not be considered interrupted in the case of: (i) any leave of absence approved in accordance with the Company’s written personnel policies, including sick leave, family leave, military leave, or any other personal leave; or (ii) transfers between locations of the Company or between the Company and any parent, Subsidiary or successor; provided, however, that, unless otherwise provided in the Company’s written personnel policies, in this Agreement or under applicable laws, rules or regulations, or unless the Committee has otherwise expressly provided for different treatment with respect to this Agreement, (x) no such leave may exceed ninety (90) days, and (y) any vesting shall cease on the ninety-first (91st) consecutive date of any leave of absence during which the Grantee’s employment relationship is deemed to continue and will not recommence until such date, if any, upon which the Grantee resumes service with the Company, its parent, Subsidiary or successor. If the Grantee resumes such service in accordance with the terms of the Company’s military leave policy, upon resumption of service, the Grantee will be given vesting credit for the full duration of the Grantee’s leave of absence. Continuous employment will be deemed interrupted and terminated for the Grantee if the Grantee’s weekly work hours change from full time to part time. Part-time status for the purpose of vesting continuation will be determined in accordance with policies adopted by the Company from time to time, which policies, if any, shall supersede the determination of part-time status set forth in the Company’s posted “employee status definitions”.

“Disability” means total and permanent disability as defined in Section 22(e)(3) of the Code.

“Retirement” means termination of the Grantee’s employment in accordance with the Company’s retirement policies, as in effect from time to time, if on the date of such termination, the Grantee is at least 55 years old, and his or her Continued Service has extended for at least ten (10) years.

Your acceptance of this grant indicates your agreement and understanding that this grant is subject to all of the terms and conditions contained in the Plan and this Award Agreement, which includes the notice of grant and this Agreement.

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EX-10.15

GARTNER, INC.

LONG-TERM INCENTIVE PLAN

STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHT AGREEMENT

Gartner, Inc. (the “Company”) hereby grants you (or the “Grantee”) a stock appreciation right (the “SAR”) under the Company’s Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended from time to time (the “Plan”), to exercise in exchange for a payment from the Company pursuant to this SAR. The date of this Agreement is February 9, 2023 (the “Grant Date”). In general, the latest date this SAR will expire is February 9, 2030 (the “Expiration Date”). However, as provided in Appendix A (attached hereto), this SAR may expire earlier than the Expiration Date. Subject to the provisions of Appendix A and of the Plan, the principal features of this SAR are as follows:

Number of Shares to which this SAR pertains: As provided in the notice of grant.     

Exercise Price per Share: As provided in the notice of grant.

Vesting Schedule:

Twenty-five percent (25%) of the Shares to which this SAR pertains shall vest on each of the first four anniversaries of the date hereof, or February 9, 2024, 2025, 2026 and 2027, subject to Grantee’s Continued Service through each such date.

APPENDIX A

TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHTS

1.Grant of SAR. The Company hereby grants to the Grantee under the Plan, as a separate incentive in connection with his or her employment and not in lieu of any salary or other compensation for his or her services, a Stock Appreciation Right (“SAR”) pertaining to all or any part of an aggregate of Shares shown on the attached notice of grant, which SAR entitles the Grantee to exercise the SAR in exchange for Shares in the amount determined under Paragraph 9below.

2.Exercise Price. The purchase price per Share for this SAR (the “Exercise Price”) shall be the Fair Market Value of a Share on the Grant Date, as reflected in the notice of grant.

3.Vesting Schedule.

(a)General Rule. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, the right to exercise this SAR will vest in accordance with the vesting schedule set forth in the notice of grant which constitutes part of this Agreement. Shares scheduled to vest on any date will vest only if the Grantee remains in Continued Service (as defined below) through such date. Subject to the following subsections of this Paragraph 3, should the Grantee’s Continued Service end at any time (the “Termination Date”) while the SAR remains outstanding, any unvested portion of this SAR will be immediately cancelled.

(b)Termination of Continued Service due to Death or Disability. If the Grantee’s termination of Continued Service is due to the Grantee’s death or Disability, the unvested portion of this SAR shall vest in full on the Termination Date. For the avoidance of doubt, if a Grantee’s Continued Service terminates due to his or her death or Disability and the Grantee is eligible for a Retirement as defined in and in accordance with the requirements set forth in Paragraph 30 of this Agreement, such termination of Continued Service shall be governed by this Paragraph 3(b) and shall not be treated as a Retirement.

(c)Termination of Continued Service due to Retirement-Eligible Voluntary Resignation During the Year of Grant. If termination of Continued Service is due to a voluntary resignation and the Grantee is eligible for a Retirement in accordance with the requirements set forth in Paragraph 30 of this Agreement, occurring during the calendar year in which the grant was made, the unvested portion of the SAR shall continue to vest after the Termination Date as set forth in the notice of grant, despite the termination of Continued Service (subject to Paragraph 17(c) hereof); provided, that the number of Shares to which this SAR pertains will be reduced to equal the percentage of days in that year in which the Grantee was in Continued Service (i.e., for the avoidance of doubt, the number of Shares will equal the number specified in the notice of grant, multiplied by the number of days from January 1 for which the Grantee was in Continued Service, divided by 365).

(d)Termination of Continued Service due to Retirement-Eligible Voluntary Resignation After the Year of Grant or Retirement-Eligible Termination without Cause.If the Grantee is eligible for a Retirement in accordance with the requirements set forth in Paragraph 30 of this Agreement and his or her termination of Continued Service is due to (i) a voluntary resignation

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occurring any time after the calendar year in which the grant was made, or (ii) an involuntary termination without Cause, other than pursuant to a Qualifying Termination (which treatment is governed exclusively by Paragraph 3(e)), the entire unvested portion of the SAR shall continue to vest after the Termination Date as set forth in the notice of grant, despite the termination of Continued Service, subject to Paragraph 17(c) hereof.

(e)Qualifying Termination following a Change of Control. Unless the Grantee’s employment, severance or other written agreement with the Company provides more favorable treatment, in the event the Company involuntarily terminates Grantee’s Continued Service without Cause (including as a result of the elimination of his or her position) during the twelve (12) months following a Change of Control (a “Qualifying Termination”), the unvested portion of the SAR shall vest on the Termination Date. For the avoidance of doubt, (i) to the extent that the Grantee is eligible for a Retirement in accordance with the requirements set forth in Paragraph 30 of this Agreement and he or she experiences a Qualifying Termination, the vesting provisions set forth in this Paragraph 3(e) (not Paragraph 3(d)) shall control, and (ii) Section 13.10 of the Plan does not apply to the SAR granted hereunder.

(f)Other Conditions. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the vesting terms set forth in this Paragraph 3 are contingent upon the Grantee being in full compliance with all the terms of this Agreement at the time of vesting. The Committee, in its discretion, may accelerate the vesting of the balance, or some lesser portion of the balance, of the SARs at any time, subject to the terms of the Plan. If so accelerated, such SARs will be considered as having vested as of the date specified by the Committee.

4.Termination of SAR. In the event of the Grantee’s termination of Continued Service, the Grantee shall have the right to exercise any vested but unexercised portion of this SAR for the timeframe indicated in the table below following the date of such termination of Continued Service. Any unvested portion of this SAR automatically will terminate and be forfeited (at no cost to the Company) on the first day on which it no longer is possible such portion to become vested:

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Termination Scenario	Post-Termination Exercise Period
•Involuntary termination for Cause •Involuntary termination without Cause (not Retirement-eligible) •Voluntary resignation (not Retirement-eligible)	Earlier of Expiration Date or ninety (90) days after the date of termination of Continued Service (excluding any period during which Grantee is prohibited from trading under the Company’s Insider Trading Policy)
•Death •Disability •Qualifying Termination	Earlier of Expiration Date or twelve (12) months after the date of termination of Continued Service
•Retirement-Eligible Separation (defined below)	Through the Expiration Date

For purposes of this Agreement, a “Retirement-Eligible Separation” means a termination of Continued Service due to either a Retirement-eligible involuntary termination without Cause or a Retirement-eligible voluntary resignation (whether during or after the year of grant), as described in Paragraph 3(c) or Paragraph 3(d), as applicable.

5.Death of Grantee. In the event that the Grantee dies while in the employ of the Company and/or a parent of the Company or Subsidiary, the administrator or executor of the Grantee’s estate (or such other person to whom the SAR is transferred pursuant to the Grantee’s will or in accordance with the laws of descent and distribution), may exercise any vested but unexercised portion of the SAR in accordance with Paragraph 4 above. Any such transferee must furnish the Company (a) written notice of his or her status as a transferee, (b) evidence satisfactory to the Company to establish the validity of the transfer of this SAR and compliance with any laws or regulations pertaining to such transfer, and (c) written acceptance of the terms and conditions of this SAR as set forth in this Agreement.

6.Persons Eligible to Exercise SAR. Except as provided in Paragraph 5 above or as otherwise determined by the Committee in its discretion, this SAR shall be exercisable during the Grantee’s lifetime only by the Grantee.

7.SAR is Not Transferable. Except to the limited extent provided in Paragraph 5 above, this grant and the rights and privileges conferred hereby shall not be transferred, assigned, pledged or hypothecated in any way (whether by operation of law or otherwise) and shall not be subject to sale under execution, attachment or similar process. Upon any attempt to transfer, assign, pledge, hypothecate or otherwise dispose of this grant, or of any right or privilege conferred hereby, or upon any attempted sale under any execution, attachment or similar process, this grant and the rights and privileges conferred hereby immediately shall become null and void. Notwithstanding the preceding, the Grantee may transfer (not for consideration and for bona fide estate planning purposes) the Stock Appreciation Rights awarded under this Agreement to a revocable estate planning trust that is established solely for the benefit of Grantee and his or her immediate family. Any such transfer will be permitted only if it is in compliance with such rules and procedures as the Company may establish from time to time. Among other things, Grantee must acknowledge and agree that (a) for U.S. income tax purposes, all taxable income from the Stock Appreciation Rights will be reported to Grantee alone, (b) if Grantee proposes to change the nature or character of the transferee trust, Grantee first must inform the Company and the Company may require that the Stock Appreciation Rights be transferred back to Grantee alone, and (c) no additional other or further transfers of the Stock Appreciation Rights will be permitted under any circumstance.

8.Exercise of SAR. This SAR may be exercised by the person then entitled to do so as to any Shares, and such exercise must be in accordance with the Company’s published exercise procedures, as in effect from time to time, which may require the Grantee to exercise this SAR

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through the Company’s designated broker or administrator. Payment of the aggregate exercise price and all taxes that the Company determines are required to be withheld by reason of the exercise of this SAR or as are otherwise required under Paragraph 10 below shall be pursuant to a net exercise, whereby upon exercise of the SAR, Shares having a Fair Market Value equal to the aggregate exercise price applicable to the portion of the SAR being exercised, and all applicable withholdings, shall be withheld from the Shares that the Grantee would otherwise have received pursuant to Paragraph 9 below.

9.Receipt of SAR Amount. Upon exercise of this SAR, the Grantee shall be entitled to receive the number of Shares (the “SAR Amount”), subject to Paragraph 8, determined by (i) multiplying (a) the difference between the Fair Market Value of a Share over the Exercise Price; times (b) the number of Shares with respect to which this SAR is exercised, and (ii) dividing the product of (a) and (b) by the Fair Market Value of a Share. The SAR Amount shall be paid to the Grantee solely in whole Shares; any fractional amount shall be rounded downto the nearest whole share. Shares issued pursuant to the exercise of this SAR may be delivered in the form and manner determined by the Company, including, without limitation, in book form or listed in street name with a brokerage company of the Company’s choice. For purposes of this Paragraph 9, Fair Market Value has the same meaning as in the Plan or as otherwise determined by the Company or its delegate.

10.Tax Withholding and Payment Obligations. When the Shares are issued as payment for exercised SARs, the Grantee will recognize immediate U.S. taxable income if the Grantee is a U.S. taxpayer. If the Grantee is a non-U.S. taxpayer, the Grantee will be subject to applicable taxes in his or her jurisdiction. The Company (or the employing parent of the Company or Subsidiary) will withhold a portion of the Shares otherwise issuable in payment for exercised SARs that have an aggregate market value sufficient to pay the federal, state and local income, employment and any other applicable taxes required to be withheld by the Company (or the employing parent of the Company or Subsidiary) with respect to the Shares, not to exceed the amount determined by using the maximum federal, state or local marginal income tax rates applicable to the Grantee or the Company, as applicable, with respect to the Shares on the date that the amount of tax to be withheld or remitted is to be determined. No fractional Shares will be withheld or issued pursuant to the exercise of SARs and the issuance of Shares thereunder. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Company (or the employing parent of the Company or Subsidiary) may instead, in its discretion, withhold an amount necessary to pay the applicable taxes from the Grantee’s paycheck, with no withholding of Shares. In the event the withholding requirements are not satisfied through the withholding of Shares (or through the Grantee’s paycheck, as indicated above), no payment will be made to the Grantee (or his or her estate) for SARs unless and until satisfactory arrangements (as determined by the Committee) have been made by the Grantee with respect to the payment of any income and other taxes which the Company determines must be withheld or collected with respect to such SARs. By accepting this award of SARs, the Grantee expressly consents to the withholding of Shares and to any cash or Share withholding as provided for in this Paragraph 10. All income and other taxes related to the SAR award and any Shares delivered in payment thereof are the sole responsibility of the Grantee. In no event will the Company reimburse the Grantee for any taxes that may be imposed on the Grantee as result of Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Section 409A”).

11.Suspension of Exercisability. If at any time the Company shall determine, in its discretion, that the listing, registration or qualification of the SARs upon any securities exchange or under any state or federal law, or the consent or approval of any governmental regulatory authority, is necessary or desirable as a condition of the exercise of SARs hereunder, this SAR may not be exercised, in whole or in part, unless and until such listing, registration, qualification, consent or approval shall have been effected or obtained free of any conditions not acceptable to the Company.

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The Company shall make reasonable efforts to meet the requirements of any such state or federal law or securities exchange and to obtain any such consent or approval of any such governmental authority.

12.No Rights of Stockholder. Neither the Grantee nor any person claiming under or through the Grantee shall have any of the rights or privileges of a stockholder of the Company in respect of any Shares deliverable hereunder unless and until certificates representing such Shares (which may be in book entry form) shall have been issued, recorded on the records of the Company or its transfer agents or registrars, and delivered to the Grantee (including through electronic delivery to a brokerage account). After such issuance, recordation and delivery, the Grantee will have all the rights of a stockholder of the Company with respect to voting such Shares and receipt of dividends and distributions on such Shares.

13.Successors and Assigns. The Company may assign any of its rights under the Agreement to single or multiple assignees, and this Agreement shall inure to the benefit of the successors and assigns of the Company. The rights and obligations of the Grantee under this Agreement may be assigned only with the prior written consent of the Company.

14.No Effect on Employment. The Grantee’s employment with the Company and any parent of the Company or Subsidiary is on an at-will basis only, subject to the provisions of applicable law. Accordingly, subject to any written, express employment contract with the Grantee, nothing in this Agreement or the Plan shall confer upon the Grantee any right to continue to be employed by the Company or the employing parent of the Company or Subsidiary or shall interfere with or restrict in any way the rights of the Company or the employing parent of the Company or Subsidiary, which are hereby expressly reserved, to terminate the employment of the Grantee at any time for any reason whatsoever, with or without good cause. Such reservation of rights can be modified only in an express written contract executed by a duly authorized officer of the Company or the parent or Subsidiary employing the Grantee.

15.Address for Notices. Any notice to be given to the Company under the terms of this Agreement shall be addressed to the Company, in care of its Secretary at theCompany’s headquarters, P.O. Box 10212, 56 Top Gallant Road, Stamford, CT 06902-7700, or at such other address as the Company may hereafter designate in writing.

16.Maximum Term of SAR. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, this SAR is not exercisable after the Expiration Date.

17.Non-Competition. (a)(i) “Competitive Acts” shall mean: (A) the development, production, marketing or selling of (or assisting others to develop, produce, market or sell): (x) syndicated research that competes with the Company; or (y) a product or service which is competitive with the existing or planned products or services of the Company with which Grantee was involved or managed at any time during the last twenty-four (24) months of the Grantee’s Continued Service; and/or (B) the direct or indirect provision of services to, or solicitation of, the Company’s clients or known prospects with whom Grantee had contact, managed, or became aware of as a result of being employed by the Company, for the purposes of developing, producing, marketing or selling such competitive products or services.

(ii)    Grantee understands and agrees that the Company’s business is global in nature and that its clients are located throughout the world; therefore, a territorial limitation on the non-competition covenants set forth in this Paragraph 17 would not allow the Company to adequately protect its legitimate business interests, and the absence of such a limitation is entirely reasonable under these circumstances. In addition, Grantee agrees that the provisions of this Paragraph 17 are

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reasonable to protect and preserve the Company’s legitimate business interests, including the protection of the Company’s Confidential Information (as defined below) and the Company’s substantial investment made to develop and retain its Confidential Information, client base, accounts and related goodwill.

(iii)    The Company may, in its sole discretion, waive any portion of the Grantee’s obligations contained in Paragraph 17. No such waiver shall be valid unless directly provided to Grantee, in writing, by the Company’s General Counsel or his/her designee.

(b)    Grantee agrees that, for two (2) years following the termination of his or her Continued Service for any reason whatsoever (the “Restricted Period”), the Grantee will not, on his or her own behalf or on behalf of any other person or entity (whether as a consultant, analyst, sales person, independent contractor, independent business venturer, partner, member, employee or otherwise), directly or indirectly: (i) engage in any Competitive Acts; and/or (ii) entice, encourage, cause or invite any of the Company’s clients, known prospects, and vendors to discontinue, diminish, or otherwise adversely modify the business done with the Company, or otherwise interfere with the relationship between the Company and its clients, known prospects, and vendors.

(c)    Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, in the event of the Grantee’s termination of Continued Service due to a Retirement-Eligible Separation prior to the second (2nd) anniversary of the Grant Date, the Restricted Period shall initially last for two (2) years following such termination of Continued Service (the “Initial Retirement Restricted Period”); provided, that in order to receive vesting of any portion of the SAR following the end of the Initial Retirement Restricted Period, the Grantee must comply with the following (in any event, subject to continued compliance with the terms of the Plan and this Agreement):

(i)Initial Post-Restriction Tranche. Provide the Company’s Capital Appreciation Team (via email at Equity@Gartner.com) and the Company’s General Counsel with (x) no less than five (5) business days prior to the expiration of the Initial Retirement Restricted Period, a written acknowledgment that, in consideration for vesting of the first tranche of the SAR that is scheduled to vest after the Initial Retirement Restricted Period (the “Initial Post-Restriction Tranche”), he or she is electing to, and shall, be subject to the provisions of this Paragraph 17 through the applicable vesting date for the Initial Post-Restriction Tranche (and in such case, the Restricted Period shall be extended through such vesting date), and (y) no less than five (5) business days prior to the applicable vesting date for the Initial Post-Restriction Tranche, a written confirmation that he or she has complied with the provisions of this Paragraph 17 from the end of the Initial Retirement Restricted Period and will comply with such provisions through the applicable vesting date for the Initial Post-Restriction Tranche. In the event that the Grantee does not timely provide either or both of such notices, any remaining unvested portion of this SAR will be immediately cancelled upon the expiration of the applicable deadline set forth in this Paragraph 17(c)(i).

(ii)Second Post-Restriction Tranche. To the extent that any portion of the SAR remains unvested following vesting of the Initial Post-Restriction Tranche, provide the Company’s Capital Appreciation Team (via email at Equity@Gartner.com) and the Company’s General Counsel with (x) no less than five (5) business days prior to the vesting of the Initial Post-Restriction Tranche, a written acknowledgment that, in consideration for the final tranche of the SAR that is scheduled to vest after the Initial Retirement Restricted Period (the “Second Post-Restriction Tranche”), he or she is electing to, and shall, be subject to the provisions of this Paragraph 17 through the applicable vesting date for the Second Post-Restriction Tranche (and in such case, the Restricted Period shall be extended through such vesting date), and (y) no less than five (5) business days prior to the applicable vesting date for the Second Post-Restriction Tranche, a

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written confirmation that he or she has complied with the provisions of this Paragraph 17 from the end of the vesting date for the Initial Post-Restriction Tranche and will comply with such provisions through the vesting date for the Second Post-Restriction Tranche. In the event that the Grantee does not timely provide either or both of such notices, any remaining unvested portion of this SAR will be immediately cancelled upon the expiration of the applicable deadline set forth in this Paragraph 17(c)(ii).

(iii)Illustration. For illustrative purposes only, if the Grantee were to incur a termination of Continued Service due to a Retirement-Eligible Separation three months after the Grant Date, (x) the Initial Retirement Restricted Period would extend to the date that is two years and three months following the Grant Date (and the first two tranches of the SAR would vest during the Initial Retirement Restricted Period on the first and second anniversaries of the Grant Date, subject to the Grantee’s continued compliance with the terms of this Agreement), (y) in order to receive vesting of the Initial Post-Restriction Tranche, the Grantee would be required to (A) give written acknowledgment of continued applicability of this Paragraph 17 through the third anniversary of the Grant Date (i.e., the vesting date for the Initial Post-Restriction Tranche), no less than five business days prior to expiration of the Initial Retirement Restricted Period, and (B) give written confirmation of compliance with this Paragraph 17 through the third anniversary of the Grant Date, no less than five business days prior to the third anniversary of the Grant Date, and (z) in order to receive vesting of the Second Post-Restriction Tranche, the Grantee would be required to (A) give written acknowledgment of continued applicability of this Paragraph 17 through the fourth anniversary of the Grant Date (i.e., the vesting date for the Second Post-Restriction Tranche), no less than five business days prior to the third anniversary of the Grant Date, and (B) give written confirmation of compliance with this Paragraph 17 through the fourth anniversary of the Grant Date, no less than five business days prior to the fourth anniversary of the Grant Date.

(d)    Grantee agrees that, in addition to any and all other remedies available to the Company (at law, in equity, or as otherwise set forth in this Agreement), the Company shall be entitled to liquidated damages for any violation of Paragraph 17 during the Restricted Period (or, in the event of a Retirement-Eligible Separation, the Initial Retirement Restricted Period) in an amount equal to: (i) the final twelve (12) months’ salary, commissions, and bonus paid to the Grantee; and (ii) an additional amount equal to the aggregate dollar value of shares underlying any stock appreciation rights, performance stock units, and/or restricted stock units that vested (or, in the case of stock appreciation rights, vested and Grantee exercised) at any time during the twelve (12) months prior to the Grantee’s termination of Continued Service. The dollar value of each such share shall be equal to the closing price of Gartner stock on the date of grant of the applicable stock appreciation right, performance stock unit or restricted stock unit. To the extent that Grantee chooses to receive the Initial Retirement Post-Restriction Tranche and/or the Second Post-Restriction Tranche but violates the provisions of Paragraphs 17(c)(i) and/or (ii), respectively, in addition to any and all other remedies available to the Company (at law, in equity, or otherwise set forth in this Agreement), the Company shall be entitled to liquidated damages equal to an amount equal to the aggregate dollar value of shares underlying any stock appreciation rights, performance stock units, and/or restricted stock units that vested (or, in the case of stock appreciation rights, vested and Grantee exercised) at any time during the twelve (12) months prior to the violation of such Paragraph. Grantee agrees that the liquidated damages set forth herein are a reasonable approximation of the damages experienced by the Company for a violation of Paragraph 17, and are not to be deemed a penalty of any kind.

(e)    Grantee acknowledges that the time, geographic and scope limitations of the non-competition and non-solicitation provisions set forth herein are fair and reasonable in all respects, and that Grantee will not be precluded from gainful employment if obligated to comply with the provisions hereof. To the extent a court of appropriate jurisdiction finds the duration and/or geographic scope of the non-competition or non-solicitation restrictions to be unenforceable under

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applicable law, in whole or in part, then it is the intention of the parties that such restriction be enforced to the fullest extent which the court deems reasonable. In the event of Grantee’s breach or violation of this Paragraph 17, or good faith allegation by the Company of such breach or violation, the Restricted Period, the Initial Retirement Restricted Period, and the periods set forth in Paragraphs 17(c)(i) and (ii) (as applicable), shall be tolled until such breach or violation, or allegation thereof, has been duly cured or resolved.

(f)    During the Restricted Period, the Initial Retirement Restricted Period, and the periods set forth in Paragraphs 17(c)(i) and (ii) (as applicable), the Grantee will notify (in writing and not less than 72 hours in advance) the Company’s General Counsel if he or she intends to become an employee or other service provider of any entity other than the Company (for example, but not by way of limitation, as an employee, consultant, analyst, sales person, independent contractor, agent, independent business venturer, partner or member).

18.Non-Solicitation and No-Hire. The Grantee further agrees that, during the Restricted Period, the Initial Retirement Restricted Period, and the periods set forth in Paragraphs 17(c)(i) and (ii) (as applicable), the Grantee will not, directly or indirectly solicit, entice, or recruit employees of the Company to leave its employ, or offer or cause to be offered employment to any person who was employed by the Company at any time during the twelve (12) months prior to the termination of Grantee’s Continued Service.General mass solicitations of employment that are not directed at the Company or any employee(s) of the Company shall not be prohibited by this Paragraph 18. For purposes of this Paragraph 18 (and the preceding Paragraph 17), the “Company” shall include the Company and its Subsidiaries.

19.Binding Agreement. Subject to the limitation on the transferability of this SAR contained herein, this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the heirs, legatees, legal representatives, successors and assigns of the parties hereto.

20.Governing Law. This Agreement and the grant of SARs shall be construed in accordance with and governed by the laws of the State of Delaware, other than its conflicts of law provisions; provided that, notwithstanding the foregoing, Sections 17 and 18 of this Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of Connecticut, without regard to its conflicts of law provisions.

21.Plan Governs. This Agreement is subject to all of the terms and provisions of the Plan. In the event of a conflict between one or more provisions of this Agreement and one or more provisions of the Plan, the provisions of the Plan shall govern. Capitalized terms and phrases used and not defined in this Agreement shall have the meaning set forth in the Plan.

22.Committee Authority. The Committee shall have all discretion, power, and authority to interpret the Plan and this Agreement and to adopt such rules for the administration, interpretation and application of the Plan as are consistent therewith (including, but not limited to, the determination of whether or not any SARs have vested). All actions taken and all interpretations and determinations made by the Committee in good faith shall be final and binding upon the Grantee, the Company and all other interested persons, and shall be given the maximum deference permitted by law. No member of the Committee shall be personally liable for any action, determination or interpretation made in good faith with respect to the Plan or this Agreement.

23.Electronic Delivery and Acceptance. The Company, in its sole discretion, may decide to deliver any documents related to Stock Appreciation Rights awarded under the Plan or future Stock Appreciation Rights that may be awarded under the Plan by electronic means. The Grantee hereby consents to receive such documents by electronic delivery and agrees to participate in the

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Plan through any on-line or electronic system established and maintained by the Company or another third party designated by the Company.

24.Captions. The captions provided herein are for convenience only and are not to serve as a basis for the interpretation or construction of this Agreement.

25.Agreement Severable. In the event that any provision in this Agreement shall be held invalid or unenforceable, such provision shall be severable from, and such invalidity or unenforceability shall not be construed to have any effect on, the remaining provisions of this Agreement or the Agreement Regarding Certain Conditions of Employment. Further, any such provision held invalid or unenforceable will be modified to conform to a provision that most closely expresses the intent of the invalid of unenforceable provision.

26.Modifications to the Agreement; Clawback. The Plan and this Agreement together the entire understanding of the parties on the subjects covered. The Grantee expressly warrants that he or she is not executing this Agreement in reliance on any promises, representations, or inducements other than those contained herein. Except as otherwise provided herein, modifications to this Agreement or the Plan can be made only in an express written contract executed by a duly authorized officer of the Company. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Plan or this Agreement, the Company reserves the right to revise this Agreement as it deems necessary or advisable, in its sole discretion and without the consent of the Grantee, to avoid imposition of any additional tax or income recognition under Section 409A prior to the actual payment of Shares pursuant to this SAR, provided that such revision would not materially reduce the economic benefits provided or intended to be provided under this Agreement. In no event will the Company pay or reimburse the Grantee for any taxes or other costs imposed on account of Section 409A. Additionally, this Agreement and the award made hereunder shall be subject to any clawback policy which the Company may adopt from time to time as required by law or otherwise.

27.Amendment, Suspension, Termination. By accepting this SAR, the Grantee expressly warrants that he or she has received an SAR to purchase stock under the Plan, and has received, read and understood a description of the Plan. The Grantee understands that the Plan is discretionary in nature and may be modified, suspended or terminated by the Company at any time.

28.Reasonable Period of Time. The Grantee acknowledges that the Grantee was

given a reasonable period of time in which to review and consider this Agreement; the

Grantee has, in fact, carefully reviewed this Agreement; and the Grantee is entering into

it voluntarily and of the Grantee’s own free will. The Grantee further acknowledges that the

Company advised the Grantee to consult with an attorney in connection with reviewing this

Agreement. The Grantee further acknowledges that the Grantee has read this

Agreement in its entirety, and that the Grantee fully understand its terms and legal effect.

29.Entire Agreement. This Agreement constitutes the entire understanding of the parties on the subjects covered. The Grantee expressly warrants that he or she is not executing this Agreement in reliance on any promises, representations, or inducements other than those contained herein. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Agreement shall not have any impact on the Agreement Regarding Certain Conditions of Employment, which is a standalone agreement. The obligations under the Agreement Regarding Certain Conditions of Employment remain in full force and effect.

30.Defined Terms: Capitalized terms used in this Agreement without definition will have the meanings provided for in the Plan. When used in this Agreement, the following capitalized terms will have the following meanings:

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“Confidential Information” means all information related to the operation of the Company's business and knowledge of the Company's assets, including, but not limited to, (i) financial information, (ii) products, (iii) product and services costs, prices, profits and sales, (iv) forecasts, (v) computer programs, (vi) data bases (and the documentation and information contained therein), (vii) computer access codes and similar information, (viii) software ideas, (ix) know-how, technologies, concepts and designs, (x) research projects and all information connected with research and development efforts, (xi) records, (xii) business relationships, methods and recommendations, (xiii) client lists (including identities of clients and prospective clients, identities of individual contracts at business entities which are clients or prospective clients, client spending, preferences, business or habits), (xiv) subscription or consultant termination dates, (xv) personnel files, (xvi) competitive analyses, (xvii) other confidential or proprietary information or trade secrets that have not been made available to the general public by the Company's senior management, and (xviii) non-public information provided to the Company by its clients, and other tangible or intangible assets and other information obtained by the Grantee in the course of his or her employment with the Company. Information shall not be deemed Confidential Information if it is or becomes available in the public domain other than as a result of an unauthorized use, disclosure or action by Grantee, at Grantee’s direction or on Grantee’s behalf, or by any other person who directly or indirectly receives such information from Grantee.

“Continued Service” means that the Grantee’s employment relationship is not interrupted or terminated by the Grantee, the Company, or any parent or Subsidiary of the Company. The Grantee’s employment relationship will not be considered interrupted in the case of: (i) any leave of absence approved in accordance with the Company’s written personnel policies, including sick leave, family leave, military leave, or any other personal leave; or (ii) transfers between locations of the Company or between the Company and any parent, Subsidiary or successor; provided, however, that, unless otherwise provided in the Company’s written personnel policies, in this Agreement or under applicable laws, rules or regulations, or unless the Committee has otherwise expressly provided for different treatment with respect to this Agreement, (x) no such leave may exceed ninety (90) days, and (y) any vesting shall cease on the ninety-first (91st) consecutive date of any leave of absence during which the Grantee’s employment relationship is deemed to continue and will not recommence until such date, if any, upon which the Grantee resumes service with the Company, its parent, Subsidiary or successor. If the Grantee resumes such service in accordance with the terms of the Company’s military leave policy, upon resumption of service, the Grantee will be given vesting credit for the full duration of the Grantee’s leave of absence. Continuous employment will be deemed interrupted and terminated for the Grantee if the Grantee’s weekly work hours change from full time to part time. Part-time status for the purpose of vesting continuation will be determined in accordance with policies adopted by the Company from time to time, which policies, if any, shall supersede the determination of part-time status set forth in the Company’s posted “employee status definitions”.

“Disability” means total and permanent disability as defined in Section 22(e)(3) of the Code.

“Retirement” means termination of the Grantee’s employment in accordance with the Company’s retirement policies, as in effect from time to time, if on the date of such

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termination, the Grantee is at least 55 years old, and his or her Continued Service has extended for at least ten (10) years.

    Your acceptance of this grant indicates your agreement and understanding that this grant is subject to all of the terms and conditions contained in the Plan and this Agreement, which includes the notice of grant. Your acceptance of this grant indicates your agreement and understanding that this grant is subject to all of the terms and conditions contained in the Plan and this Award Agreement, which includes the notice of grant and this Agreement.

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EX-21.1

EXHIBIT 21.1

SUBSIDIARIES OF THE REGISTRANT

Entity Name	State/Country
1422722 Ontario Inc.	Ontario, Canada
Burton Group, Inc.	Utah, United States
Capterra Inc.	Delaware, United States
CEB (Barbados) SRL	Barbados
CEB Global Holdings Limited	United Kingdom
CEB Global Limited	United Kingdom
CEB Holdings UK 1 Limited	United Kingdom
CEB Holdings UK 2 Limited	United Kingdom
CEB Inc.	Delaware, United States
CEB International Holdings, Inc.	Delaware, United States
Computer Financial Consultants Limited	United Kingdom
Computer Financial Consultants, Inc.	United States
CXO Acquisition Co.	Delaware, United States
Dataquest, Inc.	California, United States
Evanta Ventures, Inc.	Delaware, United States
G.G. Properties, Ltd.	Bermuda
Gartner Advisory (Singapore) Pte Ltd	Singapore
Gartner Australasia PTY Limited (including branch in New Zealand)	Australia
Gartner Austria GmbH	Austria
Gartner Belgium BVBA (including branch in Luxembourg)	Belgium
Gartner Canada Co.	Nova Scotia, Canada
Gartner Consulting (Beijing) Co., LTD. (including branches in Shanghai & Shenzhen)	China
Gartner Cyprus Ltd	Cyprus
Gartner Danmark ApS	Denmark
Gartner Deutschland GmbH	Germany
Gartner do Brasil Serviços de Pesquisas Ltda.	Brazil
Gartner Espana, S.L. (including branch in Portugal)	Spain
Gartner Europe Holdings B.V.	Netherlands
Gartner Finland Oy	Finland
Gartner France SARL	France
Gartner Group (Thailand) Ltd.	Thailand
Gartner Group Taiwan Ltd.	Taiwan
Gartner Gulf FZ LLC (including branch in Abu Dhabi)	United Arab Emirates
Gartner Holdings Cyprus Ltd	Cyprus
Gartner Holdings, LLC	Delaware, United States
Gartner Hong Kong Limited	Hong Kong
Gartner India Research & Advisory Services Private Limited	India
Gartner Investments I, LLC	Delaware, United States
Gartner Investments II, LLC	Delaware, United States
Gartner Ireland Limited	Ireland

EXHIBIT 21.1

SUBSIDIARIES OF THE REGISTRANT

Entity Name	State/Country
Gartner Israel Advisory Ltd.	Israel
Gartner Italia S.r.l.	Italy
Gartner Japan Ltd.	Japan
Gartner Mexico, S. de R.L. de C.V.	Mexico
Gartner Nederland B.V.	Netherlands
Gartner Norge AS	Norway
Gartner Poland Sp. z o.o.	Poland
Gartner QFC LLC	Qatar
Gartner Research & Advisory (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd.	Malaysia
Gartner Research & Advisory Korea Co., Ltd.	Korea
Gartner Research Holdings Ltd.	Bermuda
Gartner Saudi Arabia Limited	Saudi Arabia
Gartner South Africa (Pty) Ltd.	South Africa
Gartner Sverige AB	Sweden
Gartner Switzerland GmbH	Switzerland
Gartner Turkey Teknoloji Araştırma ve Danışmanlık Hizmetleri Limited Şirketi	Turkey
Gartner U.K. Limited	United Kingdom
Gartner, LLC	Delaware, United States
Infinote Corporation	Delaware, United States
Infinote India Private Limited	India
L2, Inc.	Delaware, United States
Leadership Transition Institute, LLC	Delaware, United States
Machina Research USA, Incorporated	Delaware, United States
Meta Group GmbH	Germany
META Group Saudi	Saudi Arabia
Nubera eBusiness, S.L.	Spain
Pulse Q&A Inc.	Delaware, United States
Pulse Social Research Platform Inc.	Canada
SCM World US Inc.	Delaware, United States
Senexx Israel Ltd.	Israel
SircleIT, Inc.	Delaware, United States
Software Advice, Inc.	California, United States
Sports Leadership Acquisition Co.	Delaware, United States
Talent Assessment Holdings Ltd.	United Kingdom
The Research Board, Inc.	Delaware, United States
TOPO Research, LLC	Delaware, United States
UpCity, Inc	Delaware, United States
Valtera Corporation	Illinois, United States

EX-23.1

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

We consent to the incorporation by reference in the registration statements (Nos. 333-104753, 333-127349, 333-160924, 333-176058, 333-200585, 333-217347, and 333-258460) on Form S-8 of our reports dated February 16, 2023, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Gartner, Inc. and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ KPMG LLP

New York, New York
February 16, 2023

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Eugene A. Hall, certify that:

(1)I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Gartner, Inc.;

(2)Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

(3)Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

(4)The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

(5)The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ Eugene A. Hall

Eugene A. Hall

Chief Executive Officer

Date: February 16, 2023

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Craig W. Safian, certify that:

(1)I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Gartner, Inc.;

(2)Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

(3)Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

(4)The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

(5)The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ Craig W. Safian

Craig W. Safian

Chief Financial Officer

Date: February 16, 2023

EX-32

Exhibit 32

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANTTO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report of Gartner, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), Eugene A. Hall, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and Craig W. Safian, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, each hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ Eugene A. Hall
Name:	Eugene A. Hall
Title:	Chief Executive Officer
	Date: February 16, 2023
/s/ Craig W. Safian
Name:	Craig W. Safian
Title:	Chief Financial Officer
	Date: February 16, 2023

A signed original of this written statement has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

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Cover Page - USD ($) $ in Billions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Feb. 03, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2022
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	1-14443
Entity Registrant Name	GARTNER, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	04-3099750
Entity Address, Address Line One	P.O. Box 10212
Entity Address, Address Line Two	56 Top Gallant Road
Entity Address, City or Town	Stamford,
Entity Address, State or Province	CT
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	06902-7700
City Area Code	203
Local Phone Number	964-0096
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.0005 par value per share
Trading Symbol	IT
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	true
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 18.6
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		79,060,595
Documents Incorporated by Reference	The definitive Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on June 1, 2023 (the “2023 Proxy Statement”) is incorporated by reference into Part III to the extent described therein.
Entity Central Index Key	0000749251
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2022
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Amendment Flag	false

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Audit Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Audit Information [Abstract]
Auditor Name	KPMG LLP
Auditor Location	New York, NY
Auditor Firm ID	185

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Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 697,999	$ 756,493
Fees receivable, net of allowances of $9,000 and $6,500, respectively	1,556,786	1,365,180
Deferred commissions	363,079	380,569
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	119,207	117,838
Assets held-for-sale	49,036	0
Total current assets	2,786,107	2,620,080
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net	264,581	273,562
Operating lease right-of-use assets	436,592	548,258
Goodwill	2,930,211	2,951,317
Intangible assets, net	584,714	714,418
Other assets	297,531	308,689
Total Assets	7,299,736	7,416,324
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	1,115,198	1,134,814
Deferred revenues	2,443,762	2,238,035
Current portion of long-term debt	7,800	5,931
Liabilities held-for-sale	30,840	0
Total current liabilities	3,597,600	3,378,780
Long-term debt, net of deferred financing fees	2,453,607	2,456,833
Operating lease liabilities	597,267	697,766
Other liabilities	423,464	511,887
Total Liabilities	7,071,938	7,045,266
Preferred stock:
$0.01 par value, authorized 5,000,000 shares; none issued or outstanding	0	0
Common stock:
$0.0005 par value, 250,000,000 shares authorized; 163,602,067 shares issued for both periods	82	82
Additional paid-in capital	2,179,604	2,074,896
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net	(101,610)	(81,431)
Accumulated earnings	3,856,826	3,049,027
Treasury stock, at cost, 84,428,513 and 81,205,504 common shares, respectively	(5,707,104)	(4,671,516)
Total Stockholders’ Equity	227,798	371,058
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity	$ 7,299,736	$ 7,416,324

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Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parentheticals) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Fees receivable, allowance	$ 9,000	$ 6,500
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	5,000,000	5,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0005	$ 0.0005
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	250,000,000	250,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	163,602,067	163,602,067
Treasury Stock, Common, Shares (in shares)	84,428,513	81,205,504

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Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Revenues:
Total revenues	$ 5,475,846	$ 4,733,962	$ 4,099,403
Costs and expenses:
Cost of services and product development	1,693,771	1,444,093	1,345,024
Selling, general and administrative	2,480,944	2,155,658	2,038,963
Depreciation	93,410	102,802	93,925
Amortization of intangibles	98,536	109,603	125,059
Acquisition and integration charges	9,079	6,055	6,282
Total costs and expenses	4,375,740	3,818,211	3,609,253
Operating income	1,100,106	915,751	490,150
Interest income	4,880	1,893	2,087
Interest expense	(126,203)	(118,513)	(115,636)
Gain on event cancellation insurance claims	0	152,310	0
Loss on extinguishment of debt	0	0	(44,814)
Other income (expense), net	48,412	18,429	(5,654)
Income before income taxes	1,027,195	969,870	326,133
Provision for income taxes	219,396	176,310	59,388
Net income	$ 807,799	$ 793,560	$ 266,745
Net income per share:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 10.08	$ 9.33	$ 2.99
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 9.96	$ 9.21	$ 2.96
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic (in shares)	80,178	85,026	89,315
Diluted (in shares)	81,067	86,177	90,017
Research
Revenues:
Total revenues	$ 4,604,791	$ 4,101,392	$ 3,602,892
Conferences
Revenues:
Total revenues	389,273	214,449	120,140
Consulting
Revenues:
Total revenues	$ 481,782	$ 418,121	$ 376,371

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Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income	$ 807,799	$ 793,560	$ 266,745
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(39,679)	(6,621)	10,375
Interest rate swaps - net change in deferred gain or loss	17,075	21,781	(30,940)
Pension plans - net change in deferred actuarial gain or loss	2,425	2,637	(725)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net for the year	(20,179)	17,797	(21,290)
Comprehensive income	$ 787,620	$ 811,357	$ 245,455

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Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net	Accumulated Earnings	Treasury Stock
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2019	$ 938,593	$ 82	$ 1,899,273	$ (77,938)	$ 1,988,722	$ (2,871,546)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	266,745				266,745
Other comprehensive (loss) income	(21,290)			(21,290)
Issuances under stock plans	18,143		7,117			11,026
Common share repurchases	(174,303)					(174,303)
Stock-based compensation expense	62,540		62,540
Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2020	1,090,428	82	1,968,930	(99,228)	2,255,467	(3,034,823)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	793,560				793,560
Other comprehensive (loss) income	17,797			17,797
Issuances under stock plans	18,250		7,396			10,854
Common share repurchases	(1,647,547)					(1,647,547)
Stock-based compensation expense	98,570		98,570
Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	371,058	82	2,074,896	(81,431)	3,049,027	(4,671,516)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	807,799				807,799
Other comprehensive (loss) income	(20,179)			(20,179)
Issuances under stock plans	22,296		14,142			8,154
Common share repurchases	(1,043,742)					(1,043,742)
Stock-based compensation expense	90,566		90,566
Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 227,798	$ 82	$ 2,179,604	$ (101,610)	$ 3,856,826	$ (5,707,104)

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Operating activities:
Net income	$ 807,799,000	$ 793,560,000	$ 266,745,000
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	191,946,000	212,405,000	218,984,000
Stock-based compensation expense	90,566,000	98,570,000	62,540,000
Deferred taxes	(30,702,000)	(41,567,000)	(53,190,000)
Loss on impairment of lease related assets, net	53,970,000	49,537,000	0
Loss on extinguishment of debt	0	0	44,814,000
Reduction in the carrying amount of operating lease right-of-use assets	70,086,000	75,125,000	81,851,000
Amortization and write-off of deferred financing fees	4,574,000	4,162,000	8,424,000
Amortization of deferred swap losses from de-designation	0	0	10,320,000
Gain on de-designated swaps	(52,308,000)	(20,204,000)	(2,157,000)
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions and divestitures:
Fees receivable, net	(240,696,000)	(145,346,000)	99,409,000
Deferred commissions	5,574,000	(124,874,000)	8,656,000
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(3,039,000)	(15,913,000)	37,895,000
Other assets	8,440,000	(18,287,000)	(8,950,000)
Deferred revenues	297,124,000	324,059,000	15,998,000
Accounts payable and accrued and other liabilities	(101,912,000)	121,243,000	111,939,000
Cash provided by operating activities	1,101,422,000	1,312,470,000	903,278,000
Investing activities:
Additions to property, equipment and leasehold improvements	(108,050,000)	(59,834,000)	(83,888,000)
Acquisitions - cash paid (net of cash acquired)	(9,508,000)	(22,939,000)	0
Other	0	2,306,000	0
Cash used in investing activities	(117,558,000)	(80,467,000)	(83,888,000)
Financing activities:
Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan	22,231,000	18,173,000	18,085,000
Proceeds from borrowings	0	600,000,000	2,000,000,000
Early redemption premium payment	0	0	(30,752,000)
Payments for deferred financing fees	0	(7,320,000)	(25,786,000)
Proceeds from revolving credit facility	0	0	332,000,000
Payments on revolving credit facility	0	(5,000,000)	(475,000,000)
Payments on borrowings	(5,931,000)	(107,915,000)	(2,058,469,000)
Purchases of treasury stock	(1,043,742,000)	(1,655,547,000)	(176,302,000)
Cash used in financing activities	(1,027,442,000)	(1,157,609,000)	(416,224,000)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	(43,578,000)	74,394,000	403,166,000
Effects of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	(18,425,000)	(26,375,000)	28,581,000
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of year	760,602,000	712,583,000	280,836,000
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of year	698,599,000	760,602,000	712,583,000
Cash paid during the year for:
Interest	112,825,000	101,885,000	112,249,000
Income taxes, net of refunds received	$ 174,802,000	$ 253,379,000	$ 33,921,000

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Business and Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Business and Significant Accounting Policies

Business and Significant Accounting Policies

Business. Gartner, Inc. (NYSE: IT) delivers actionable, objective insight to executives and their teams. Our expert guidance and tools enable faster, smarter decisions and stronger performance on an organization’s mission critical priorities.

We are a trusted advisor and an objective resource for more than 15,000 enterprises in approximately 90 countries and territories — across all major functions, in every industry and enterprise size.

Segments. Gartner delivers its products and services globally through three business segments: Research, Conferences and Consulting. Note 9 — Revenue and Related Matters and Note 16 — Segment Information describe the products and services offered by each of our segments and provide additional financial information for those segments.

Basis of presentation. The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”), as defined in the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), for financial information and with the applicable instructions of U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Regulation S-X.

The fiscal year of Gartner is the twelve-month period from January 1 through December 31. All references to 2022, 2021 and 2020 herein refer to the fiscal year unless otherwise indicated. When used in these notes, the terms “Gartner,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer to Gartner, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Principles of consolidation. The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

Use of estimates. The preparation of the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events. These estimates and the underlying assumptions affect the amounts of assets and liabilities reported, disclosures about contingent assets and liabilities, and reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Such estimates include the valuation of fees receivable, goodwill, intangible assets and other long-lived assets, as well as tax accruals and other liabilities. In addition, estimates are used in revenue recognition, income tax expense or benefit, performance-based compensation charges, depreciation and amortization. Management believes its use of estimates in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements to be reasonable.

Management continually evaluates and revises its estimates using historical experience and other factors, including the general economic environment and actions it may take in the future. Management adjusts these estimates when facts and circumstances dictate. However, these estimates may involve significant uncertainties and judgments and cannot be determined with precision. In addition, these estimates are based on management’s best judgment at a point in time. As a result, differences between our estimates and actual results could be material and would be reflected in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements in future periods.

Business acquisitions. The Company accounts for business acquisitions in accordance with the acquisition method of accounting as prescribed by FASB ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations. The acquisition method of accounting requires the Company to record the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date, with certain exceptions. Any excess of the consideration transferred over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired, including identifiable intangible assets, is recorded as goodwill. Under the acquisition method, the operating results of acquired companies are included in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements beginning on the date of acquisition. The Company completed business acquisitions in both 2022 and 2021. Note 2 — Acquisitions and Divestiture provides additional information regarding those business acquisitions.

The determination of the fair values of intangible and other assets acquired in an acquisition requires management judgment and the consideration of a number of factors, including the historical financial performance of acquired businesses and their projected future performance, and estimates surrounding customer turnover, as well as assumptions regarding the level of competition and the costs necessary to reproduce certain assets. Establishing the useful lives of intangible assets also requires management judgment and the evaluation of a number of factors, including the expected use of an asset, historical client retention rates, consumer awareness and trade name history, as well as any contractual provisions that could limit or extend an asset’s useful life.

Charges that are directly related to the Company’s acquisitions and divestitures are expensed as incurred and classified as Acquisition and integration charges in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Note 2 — Acquisitions and Divestiture provides additional information regarding the Company’s Acquisition and integration charges.

Revenue recognition. The Company’s revenue by significant source is accounted for as follows:

•Research revenues are mainly derived from subscription contracts for research products. The related revenues are deferred and recognized ratably over the applicable contract term. Fees derived from assisting organizations in selecting the right business software for their needs are recognized when the leads are provided to vendors.

•Conferences revenues are deferred and recognized upon the completion of the related conference or meeting.

•Consulting revenues are principally generated from fixed fee or time and materials engagements. Revenues from fixed fee contracts are recognized as the Company works to satisfy its performance obligations. Revenues from time and materials engagements are recognized as work is delivered and/or services are provided. Revenues related to contract optimization engagements are contingent in nature and are only recognized upon satisfaction of all conditions related to their payment.

The majority of the Company’s Research contracts are billable upon signing, absent special terms granted on a limited basis from time to time. Research contracts are generally non-cancelable and non-refundable, except for government contracts that may have cancellation or fiscal funding clauses. It is the Company’s policy to record the amount of a subscription contract that is billable as a fee receivable at the time the contract is signed with a corresponding amount as deferred revenue because the contract represents a legally enforceable claim.

Note 9 — Revenue and Related Matters provides additional information regarding the Company’s business and revenues.

Allowance for losses. The Company estimates uncollectible amounts on its fees receivable using a historical loss rate method.

Cost of services and product development (“COS”). COS expense includes the direct costs incurred in the creation and delivery of the Company’s products and services. These costs primarily relate to personnel.

Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”). SG&A expense includes direct and indirect selling costs, general and administrative costs, facility costs and bad debt expense.

Commission expense. The Company records deferred commissions upon signing a customer contract and amortizes the deferred amount over a period that aligns with the transfer to the customer of the services to which the commissions relate. Note 9 — Revenue and Related Matters provides additional information regarding deferred commissions and the amortization of such costs.

Stock-based compensation expense. The Company accounts for stock-based compensation awards in accordance with FASB ASC Topics 505 and 718 and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletins No. 107 and No. 110. Stock-based compensation expense for equity awards is based on the fair value of the award on the date of grant. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense over the period that the related service is performed, which is generally the same as the vesting period of the underlying award. Forfeitures are recognized as they occur. A change in any of the terms or conditions of stock-based compensation awards is accounted for as a modification of the award. Incremental compensation cost is measured as the excess, if any, of the fair value of the modified award over the fair value of the original award immediately before its terms are modified, measured based on the fair value of the awards at the modification date. For vested awards, the Company recognizes incremental compensation cost in the period the modification occurs. For unvested awards, the Company recognizes any incremental compensation expense at the modification date or ratably over the requisite remaining service period, as appropriate. If the fair value of the modified award is lower than the fair value of the original award immediately before modification, the minimum compensation cost the Company recognizes is the cost of the original award. Note 10 — Stock-Based Compensation provides additional information regarding the Company’s stock-based compensation activity.

Income taxes. The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. The Company estimates its income taxes in each of the jurisdictions where it operates. This process involves estimating the Company’s current tax expense or benefit together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. When assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, the Company considers if it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In making this assessment, the Company considers the availability of loss carryforwards, projected reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and ongoing prudent and feasible

tax planning strategies. The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained based on the technical merits of the position. Recognized tax positions are measured at the largest amount of benefit with greater than a 50% likelihood of being realized. The Company uses estimates in determining the amount of unrecognized tax benefits associated with uncertain tax positions. Significant judgment is required in evaluating tax law and measuring the benefits likely to be realized. Uncertain tax positions are periodically re-evaluated and adjusted as more information about their ultimate realization becomes available. Note 12 — Income Taxes provides additional information regarding the Company’s income taxes.

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash. Cash and cash equivalents includes cash and all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, which are considered to be cash equivalents. The carrying value of cash equivalents approximates fair value due to the short-term maturity of such instruments. Investments with maturities of more than three months are classified as marketable securities. Interest earned is recorded in Interest income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

U.S. GAAP requires that amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents be presented with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts presented on an entity’s statement of cash flows. Below is a table presenting the beginning-of-period and end-of-period cash amounts from the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets and the total cash amounts presented in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands).

	December 31,
	2022		2021		2020		2019
Cash and cash equivalents	$	697,999	$	756,493	$	712,583	$	280,836
Restricted cash classified in (1):
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	—		4,109		—		—
Other assets	600		—		—		—
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash per the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	$	698,599	$	760,602	$	712,583	$	280,836

(1)Restricted cash consists of escrow accounts established in connection with certain of the Company’s business acquisitions. Generally, such cash is restricted to use due to provisions contained in the underlying stock or asset purchase agreement. The Company will disburse the restricted cash to the sellers of the businesses upon satisfaction of any contingencies described in such agreements (e.g., potential indemnification claims, etc.).

Leases. ASC 842 requires accounting for leases under a right-of-use model whereby a lessee must record a right-of-use asset and a related lease liability on its balance sheet for most of its leases. Under ASC 842, leases are classified as either operating or finance arrangements, with such classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in an entity’s income statement. For operating leases, ASC 842 requires recognition in an entity’s income statement of a single lease cost, calculated so that the cost of the lease is allocated over the lease term, generally on a straight-line basis. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, as a result and in consideration of the changing nature of the Company’s use of office space for its workforce and the transitioning to a virtual-first hybrid, remote-work environment, the Company evaluated its existing real estate lease portfolio. As a result of the evaluation, the Company recognized impairment losses of $54.0 million and $49.5 million during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Note 7 — Leases provides additional information regarding the Company’s leases.

Property, equipment and leasehold improvements. Equipment, leasehold improvements and other fixed assets owned by the Company are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Fixed assets, other than leasehold improvements, are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the underlying asset. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the improvement or the remaining term of the related lease. Depreciation and amortization expense for fixed assets was $93.4 million, $102.8 million and $93.9 million in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net are presented in the table below (in thousands).

	Useful Life	December 31,
Category	(Years)	2022		2021
Computer equipment and software	2 - 7	$	258,843	$	304,386
Furniture and equipment	3 - 8	89,559		97,050
Leasehold improvements	2 - 15	220,509		253,451
Total cost		568,911		654,887
Less — accumulated depreciation and amortization		(304,330)		(381,325)
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net		$	264,581	$	273,562

The Company incurs costs to develop internal-use software used in its operations. Certain of those costs that meet the criteria in FASB ASC Topic 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other are capitalized and amortized over future periods. Net capitalized internal-use software development costs were $84.0 million and $65.5 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and are included in Computer equipment and software in the table above. Amortization expense for capitalized internal-use software development costs, which is included with Depreciation in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, totaled $39.6 million, $34.6 million and $28.9 million in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Goodwill. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of acquired businesses over the estimated fair values of the tangible and identifiable intangible net assets acquired. Evaluations of the recoverability of goodwill are performed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 350, which requires an annual assessment of potential goodwill impairment at the reporting unit level and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable.

When performing the annual assessment of the recoverability of goodwill, the Company initially performs a qualitative analysis evaluating whether any events or circumstances occurred or exist that provide evidence that it is more likely than not that the fair value of any of the Company’s reporting units is less than the related carrying amount. If the Company does not believe that it is more likely than not that the fair value of any of the Company’s reporting units is less than the related carrying amount, then no quantitative impairment test is performed. However, if the results of the qualitative assessment indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its respective carrying amount, then the Company performs a quantitative impairment test. Evaluating the recoverability of goodwill requires judgments and assumptions regarding future trends and events. As a result, both the precision and reliability of management estimates are subject to uncertainty.

The Company’s most recent annual impairment test of goodwill was a qualitative analysis conducted during the quarter ended September 30, 2022 that indicated no impairment. Subsequent to completing the 2022 annual impairment test, no events or changes in circumstances were noted that required an interim goodwill impairment test. Note 3 — Goodwill and Intangible Assets provides additional information regarding the Company’s goodwill.

Finite-lived intangible assets. The Company has finite-lived intangible assets that are amortized using the straight-line method over the expected useful life of the underlying asset. Note 3 — Goodwill and Intangible Assets provides additional information regarding the Company’s finite-lived intangible assets.

Impairment of long-lived assets. The Company’s long-lived assets primarily consist of intangible assets other than goodwill, right-of-use assets and property, equipment and leasehold improvements. The Company reviews its long-lived asset groups for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or an asset group may not be recoverable. Such evaluation may be based on a number of factors, including current and projected operating results and cash flows, and changes in management’s strategic direction as well as external economic and market factors. The Company evaluates the recoverability of assets and asset groups by determining whether their carrying values can be recovered through undiscounted future operating cash flows. If events or circumstances indicate that the carrying values might not be recoverable based on undiscounted future operating cash flows, an impairment loss may be recognized. The amount of impairment is measured based on the difference between the projected discounted future operating cash flows, using a discount rate reflecting the Company’s average cost of funds, and the carrying value of the asset or asset group.

Debt. The Company presents amounts borrowed in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, net of deferred financing fees. Interest accrued on amounts borrowed is recorded as Interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Note 6 — Debt provides additional information regarding the Company’s debt arrangements.

Foreign currency exposure. The functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is typically the local currency. All assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Income and expense items are translated at average exchange rates throughout the year. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded as foreign currency translation adjustments, a component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net within Stockholders’ Equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Currency transaction gains or losses arising from transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of a subsidiary are recognized in results of operations as part of Other income (expense), net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company had net currency transaction gains (losses) of $25.6 million, $(3.7) million and $12.5 million in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company enters into foreign currency forward exchange contracts to mitigate the effects of adverse fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates on certain transactions. Those contracts generally have short durations and are recorded at fair value with both realized and unrealized gains and losses recorded in Other income (expense), net. The net loss from foreign currency forward exchange contracts was $31.9 million, $1.4 million and $14.1 million in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Note 13 — Derivatives and Hedging provides additional information regarding the Company’s foreign currency forward exchange contracts.

Fair value disclosures. The Company has a limited number of assets and liabilities that are adjusted to fair value at each balance sheet date. The Company’s required fair value disclosures are provided at Note 14 — Fair Value Disclosures.

Concentrations of credit risk. Assets that may subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of short-term, highly liquid investments classified as cash equivalents, fees receivable, contract assets, interest rate swaps and a pension reinsurance asset. The majority of the Company’s cash equivalent investments and its interest rate swap contracts are with investment grade commercial banks. Fees receivable and contract asset balances deemed to be collectible from customers have limited concentration of credit risk due to the Company’s diverse customer base and geographic dispersion. The Company’s pension reinsurance asset (see Note 15 — Employee Benefits) is maintained with a large international insurance company that was rated investment grade as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Stock repurchase programs. The Company records the cost to repurchase shares of its own common stock as treasury stock. Shares repurchased by the Company are added to treasury shares and are not retired. Note 8 — Stockholders’ Equity provides additional information regarding the Company’s common stock repurchase activity.

Gain on event cancellation insurance claims. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company received $166.9 million of proceeds related to 2020 event cancellation insurance claims, and recorded a pre-tax gain of $152.3 million. The Company does not record any gain on insurance claims in excess of expenses incurred until the receipt of the insurance proceeds is deemed to be realizable.

Adoption of new accounting standards. The Company adopted the accounting standard described below during 2022.

Business Combinations — In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, Business Combinations, Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers (“ASU No. 2021-08”). ASU No. 2021-08 provides guidance for a business combination on how to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities from revenue contracts with customers and other contracts that apply the provisions of ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Specifically, the proposed amendments would require that an entity (acquirer) recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with ASC Topic 606. Generally, this would result in an acquirer recognizing and measuring the acquired contract assets and contract liabilities consistent with how they were recognized and measured in the acquiree’s financial statements (if the acquiree prepared financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP). The rule will be effective for public entities on January 1, 2023, with early adoption permitted. Gartner elected to adopt ASU No. 2021-08 effective January 1, 2022. ASU No. 2021-08 will not impact acquired contract assets or liabilities from business combinations occurring prior to January 1, 2022, and the impact in future periods will depend on the contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in future business combinations.

Government Assistance — In November 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-10, Government Assistance (Topic 832), Disclosures by Business Entities about Government Assistance (“ASU No. 2021-10”). ASU No, 2021-10 requires business entities to annually disclose information about certain government assistance they receive. The rule will be effective for public entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021. The Company adopted ASU No. 2021-10 in 2022 and the adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statement disclosures.

Accounting standard issued but not yet adopted. The FASB has issued an accounting standard that has not yet become effective as of December 31, 2022 and may impact the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements or related disclosures in future periods. The standard and its potential impact are discussed below.

Reference Rate Reform — In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform—Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (“ASU No. 2020-04”). ASU No. 2020-04 provides that an entity can elect not to apply certain required modification accounting in U.S. GAAP to contracts where all changes to the critical terms relate to reference rate reform (e.g., the expected discontinuance of LIBOR and the transition to an alternative reference interest rate, etc.). In addition, the rule provides optional expedients and exceptions that enable entities to continue to apply hedge accounting for hedging relationships where one or more of the critical terms change due to reference rate reform. The rule became effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 and will generally no longer be available to apply after December 31, 2022. ASU No. 2022-06, which was issued in December 2022, extended the deadline to December 31, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of ASU No. 2020-04, as amended by ASU No. 2022-06, on its Consolidated Financial Statements, including the rule’s potential impact on any debt modifications or other contractual changes in the future that may result from reference rate reform. However, the Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2020-04, as amended by ASU No. 2022-06, to have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Acquisitions and Divestiture

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

Acquisitions and Divestiture

Acquisitions and Divestiture

Acquisitions

Year Ended December 31, 2022

In October 2022, the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding capital stock of UpCity, Inc. (“UpCity”), a privately-held company based in Chicago, Illinois, for an aggregate purchase price of $6.4 million. UpCity’s online marketplace helps small businesses by connecting them to ratings and reviews of more than 50,000 B2B service providers.

Year Ended December 31, 2021

In June 2021, the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding capital stock of Pulse Q&A Inc. (“Pulse”), a privately-held company based in San Francisco, California, for an aggregate purchase price of $29.9 million. Pulse is a technology-enabled community platform.

During 2021, the Company paid $22.9 million in cash for Pulse after considering the cash acquired with the business, amounts held in escrow and certain other purchase price adjustments. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company paid $4.1 million of deferred consideration held in escrow. In addition to the purchase price, the Company may also be required to pay up to $4.5 million in cash based on the continuing employment of certain key employees. Such amounts are recognized as compensation expense over three years post-acquisition and reported in Acquisition and integration charges in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company recorded $31.0 million of goodwill and finite-lived intangible assets and $1.1 million of liabilities on a net basis for the Pulse acquisition.

Pending Divestiture

In November 2022, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to sell its TalentNeuron business. As of December 31, 2022, the assets and liabilities of TalentNeuron were considered held for sale, resulting in $49.0 million of assets held for sale and $30.8 million of liabilities held for sale on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The majority of the held for sale assets were goodwill, intangible assets, net and accounts receivable, with carrying amounts of $16.0 million, $9.5 million and $15.9 million, respectively, while the majority of the held for sale liabilities was deferred revenues, with a carrying amount of $27.1 million. TalentNeuron is included in the Company's Research segment.

On February 2, 2023, the Company completed the sale of TalentNeuron for approximately $164.0 million, prior to final working capital adjustments.

Acquisition and Integration Charges

The Company recognized $9.1 million, $6.1 million and $6.3 million of Acquisition and integration charges during 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Acquisition and integration charges reflect additional costs and expenses resulting from the Company’s acquisitions and divestitures and include, among other items, professional fees, severance and stock-based compensation charges.

During 2021, the Company received $2.3 million cash proceeds from deferred consideration related to a 2018 divestiture.

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill. The table below presents changes to the carrying amount of goodwill by segment during the two-year period ended December 31, 2022 (in thousands).

	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
Balance at December 31, 2020 (1)	$	2,664,732	$	184,091	$	96,724	$	2,945,547
Additions due to an acquisition (2)	11,486		—		—		11,486
Foreign currency translation impact	(5,284)		(70)		(362)		(5,716)
Balance at December 31, 2021 (1)	2,670,934		184,021		96,362		2,951,317
Additions due to an acquisition (2)	4,617		—		—		4,617
Reclassified as held-for-sale (3)	(16,000)		—		—		(16,000)
Foreign currency translation impact	(8,358)		(70)		(1,295)		(9,723)
Balance at December 31, 2022 (1)	$	2,651,193	$	183,951	$	95,067	$	2,930,211

(1)The Company does not have any accumulated goodwill impairment losses.

(2)The additions were due to the acquisition of Pulse in June 2021 and UpCity in October 2022 See Note 2 — Acquisitions and Divestiture for additional information.

(3)Represents amounts reclassified to Assets Held for Sale due to the pending divestiture of the Company’s TalentNeuron business. See Note 2 — Acquisitions and Divestiture for additional information. The amount of goodwill allocated to the pending divestiture was determined using a relative fair value approach.

Finite-lived intangible assets. Changes in finite-lived intangible assets during the two-year period ended December 31, 2022 are presented in the tables below (in thousands).

December 31, 2022	Customer Relationships		Technology-related		Other		Total
Gross cost at December 31, 2021	1,096,358		61,216		10,436		$	1,168,010
Reclassified as held-for-sale (2)	—		(49,487)		—		(49,487)
Foreign currency translation impact	(35,817)		(529)		—		(36,346)
Gross cost	1,060,541		11,200		10,436		1,082,177
Accumulated amortization (3)	(486,260)		(5,600)		(5,603)		(497,463)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	574,281	$	5,600	$	4,833	$	584,714

December 31, 2021	Customer Relationships		Technology-related		Content		Other		Total
Gross cost at December 31, 2020	$	1,154,210	$	110,597	$	3,965	$	10,614	$	1,279,386
Additions due to an acquisition (1)	7,980		11,200		—		320		19,500
Intangible assets fully amortized	(61,422)		(60,685)		(3,965)		(498)		(126,570)
Foreign currency translation impact	(4,410)		104		—		—		(4,306)
Gross cost	1,096,358		61,216		—		10,436		1,168,010
Accumulated amortization (3)	(413,266)		(35,727)		—		(4,599)		(453,592)
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	683,092	$	25,489	$	—	$	5,837	$	714,418

(1)The additions were due to the acquisition of Pulse in June 2021. See Note 2 — Acquisitions and Divestiture for additional information.

(2)Represents amounts reclassified to Assets Held for Sale due to the pending divestiture of the Company’s TalentNeuron business. See Note 2 — Acquisitions and Divestiture for additional information.

(3)Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method over the following periods: Customer relationships—6 to 13 years; Technology-related—3 to 7 years; and Other —4 to 11 years.

Amortization expense related to finite-lived intangible assets was $98.5 million, $109.6 million and $125.1 million in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The estimated future amortization expense by year for finite-lived intangible assets is presented in the table below (in thousands).

2023	$	90,771
2024	88,858
2025	80,191
2026	77,516
2027	76,908
2028 and thereafter	170,470
	$	584,714

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Other Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Other Assets

Other Assets

The Company’s other assets are summarized in the table below (in thousands).

	December 31,
	2022		2021
Benefit plan-related assets	$	99,527	$	113,553
Non-current deferred tax assets	138,318		140,004
Other	59,686		55,132
Total other assets	$	297,531	$	308,689

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Accounts Payable and Accrued and Other Liabilities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Accounts Payable and Accrued and Other Liabilities

Accounts Payable and Accrued and Other Liabilities

The Company’s Accounts payable and accrued liabilities are summarized in the table below (in thousands).

	December 31,
	2022		2021
Accounts payable	$	83,225	$	49,277
Payroll and employee benefits payable	221,242		233,704
Bonus payable	254,675		243,459
Commissions payable	168,042		201,397
Income tax payable	76,383		18,717
VAT payable	43,187		48,834
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	99,717		89,754
Other accrued liabilities	168,727		249,672
Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	1,115,198	$	1,134,814

The Company’s Other liabilities are summarized in the table below (in thousands).

	December 31,
	2022		2021
Non-current deferred revenues	$	39,115	$	48,176
Long-term taxes payable	92,812		76,806
Benefit plan-related liabilities	124,378		139,097
Non-current deferred tax liabilities	139,531		181,789
Other	27,628		66,019
Total other liabilities	$	423,464	$	511,887

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Debt

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

Debt

The Company’s total outstanding borrowings are summarized in the table below (in thousands).

	December 31,
Description	2022		2021
2020 Credit Agreement - Term loan facility (1)	$	282,200	$	287,600
2020 Credit Agreement - Revolving credit facility (1), (2)	—		—
Senior Notes due 2028 (“2028 Notes”) (3)	800,000		800,000
Senior Notes due 2029 (“2029 Notes”) (4)	600,000		600,000
Senior Notes due 2030 (“2030 Notes”) (5)	800,000		800,000
Other (6)	5,000		5,531
Principal amount outstanding (7)	2,487,200		2,493,131
Less: deferred financing fees (8)	(25,793)		(30,367)
Net balance sheet carrying amount	$	2,461,407	$	2,462,764

(1)The contractual annualized interest rate as of December 31, 2022 on the 2020 Credit Agreement Term loan facility and the Revolving credit facility was 5.81%, which consisted of a floating Eurodollar base rate of 4.438% plus a margin of 1.375%. However, the Company has interest rate swap contracts that effectively convert the floating Eurodollar base rates on outstanding amounts to a fixed base rate.

(2)The Company had approximately $1.0 billion of available borrowing capacity on the 2020 Credit Agreement revolver (not including the expansion feature) as of December 31, 2022.

(3)Consists of $800.0 million principal amount of 2028 Notes outstanding. The 2028 Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.50% and mature on July 1, 2028.

(4)Consists of $600.0 million principal amount of 2029 Notes outstanding. The 2029 Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 3.625% and mature on June 15, 2029.

(5)Consists of $800.0 million principal amount of 2030 Notes outstanding. The 2030 Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 3.75% and mature on October 1, 2030.

(6)Consists of two State of Connecticut economic development loans. One of the loans originated in 2012, has a 10-year maturity and bears interest at a fixed rate of 3.00%. This loan had an outstanding balance of $0.5 million as of December 31, 2021 and matured as of December 31, 2022. The second loan, originated in 2019, has a 10-year maturity, bears interest at a fixed rate of 1.75% and may be repaid at any time by the Company without penalty.

(7)The weighted average annual effective rate on the Company’s outstanding debt for 2022, including the effects of its interest rate swaps discussed below, was 4.73%.

(8)Deferred financing fees are being amortized to Interest expense over the term of the related debt obligation.

2029 Notes

On June 18, 2021, the Company issued $600.0 million aggregate principal amount of 3.625% Senior Notes due 2029. The 2029 Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated as of June 18, 2021 (the “2029 Note Indenture”), among the Company, the guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee.

The 2029 Notes were issued at an issue price of 100.0% and bear interest at a rate of 3.625% per annum. Interest on the 2029 Notes is payable on June 15 and December 15 of each year, beginning on December 15, 2021. The 2029 Notes will mature on June 15, 2029. The Company may redeem some or all of the 2029 Notes at any time on or after June 15, 2024 for cash at the

redemption prices set forth in the 2029 Notes Indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. Prior to June 15, 2024, the Company may redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2029 Notes in connection with certain equity offerings, or some or all of the 2029 Notes with a “make-whole” premium, in each case subject to the terms set forth in the 2029 Note Indenture.

2030 Notes

On September 28, 2020, the Company issued $800.0 million aggregate principal amount of 3.75% Senior Notes due 2030. The 2030 Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated as of September 28, 2020 (the “2030 Note Indenture”), among the Company, the guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee.

The 2030 Notes were issued at an issue price of 100.0% and bear interest at a rate of 3.75% per annum. Interest on the 2030 Notes is payable on April 1 and October 1 of each year, beginning on April 1, 2021. The 2030 Notes will mature on October 1, 2030.

The Company may redeem some or all of the 2030 Notes at any time on or after October 1, 2025 for cash at the redemption prices set forth in the 2030 Note Indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. Prior to October 1, 2025, the Company may redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2030 Notes in connection with certain equity offerings, or some or all of the 2030 Notes with a “make-whole” premium, in each case subject to the terms set forth in the 2030 Note Indenture.

2028 Notes

On June 22, 2020, the Company issued $800.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.50% Senior Notes due 2028. The 2028 Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated as of June 22, 2020 (the “2028 Note Indenture”), among the Company, the guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee.

The 2028 Notes were issued at an issue price of 100.0% and bear interest at a rate of 4.50% per annum. Interest on the 2028 Notes is payable on January 1 and July 1 of each year, beginning on January 1, 2021. The 2028 Notes will mature on July 1, 2028.

The Company may redeem some or all of the 2028 Notes at any time on or after July 1, 2023 for cash at the redemption prices set forth in the 2028 Note Indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. Prior to July 1, 2023, the Company may redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2028 Notes in connection with certain equity offerings, or some or all of the 2028 Notes with a “make-whole” premium, in each case subject to the terms set forth in the 2028 Note Indenture.

2020 Credit Agreement

The Company has a credit facility that currently provides for a $400.0 million Term loan facility and a $1.0 billion Revolving credit facility (the “2020 Credit Agreement”). The 2020 Credit Agreement contains certain customary restrictive loan covenants, including, among others, financial covenants that apply a maximum consolidated leverage ratio and a minimum consolidated interest expense coverage ratio. The Company was in compliance with all financial covenants as of December 31, 2022.

The Term loan is being repaid in consecutive quarterly installments that commenced on December 31, 2020, plus a final payment to be made on September 28, 2025. The Company used a portion of the net proceeds from the issuance of the 2029 Notes to repay $100.0 million of the outstanding borrowings under the term loan facility in June 2021. The Revolving credit facility may be borrowed, repaid and re-borrowed through September 28, 2025, at which all then-outstanding amounts must be repaid.

Interest Rate Swaps

As of December 31, 2022, the Company had one fixed-for-floating interest rate swap contract with a total notional value of $350.0 million that matures in 2025. The Company pays a base fixed rate of 3.04% and in return receives a floating Eurodollar base rate on 30-day notional borrowings. In June 2022, the Company terminated a fixed-for-floating interest rate swap contract with a notional value of $350.0 million, and received proceeds of $0.5 million. The Company had two other fixed-for-floating interest rate swap contracts with a total notional value of $700.0 million that matured during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Effective June 30, 2020, the Company de-designated all of its interest rate swaps and discontinued hedge accounting. Accordingly, subsequent changes to the fair value of the interest rate swaps are recorded in Other income (expense), net. The amounts previously recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss are amortized into Interest expense over the terms of the hedged forecasted interest payments. As of December 31, 2022, $52.3 million is remaining in Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net. The interest rate swaps had unrealized fair values of $10.3 million and negative unrealized fair values (liabilities) of $53.7 million as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, of which $39.2 million and $56.3 million were recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax effect, as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. See Note 14 — Fair Value Disclosures for the determination of the fair values of Company’s interest rate swaps.

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Leases

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

Leases

The Company’s leasing activities are primarily for facilities under cancelable and non-cancelable lease agreements expiring during 2023 and through 2038. These facilities support the Company’s executive and administrative activities, research and consulting, sales, systems support, operations, and other functions. The Company also has leases for office equipment and other assets, which are not significant. Certain of the Company’s lease agreements include (i) renewal options to extend the lease term for up to ten years and/or (ii) options to terminate the agreement within one year. Additionally, certain of the Company’s lease agreements provide standard recurring escalations of lease payments for, among other things, increases in a lessor’s maintenance costs and taxes. Under some lease agreements, the Company may be entitled to allowances, free rent, lessor-financed tenant improvements and other incentives. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

The Company subleases certain office space that it does not intend to occupy. Such sublease arrangements expire during 2023 and through 2032 and primarily relate to facilities in Arlington, Virginia. Certain of the Company’s sublease agreements: (i) include renewal and termination options; (ii) provide for customary escalations of lease payments in the normal course of business; and (iii) grant the subtenant certain allowances, free rent, Gartner-financed tenant improvements and other incentives.

Lease Accounting under ASC 842

Under ASC 842, a lease is a contract or an agreement, or a part of another arrangement, between two or more parties that, at its inception, creates enforceable rights and obligations that conveys the right to control the use of identified property, plant or equipment for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

Right-of-use assets represent a right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and the related lease liability represents an obligation to make lease payments pursuant to the contractual terms of the lease agreement. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are initially recognized on the lease commencement date based on the present value of the lease payments over the lease term. For all of the Company’s facilities leases, the Company accounts for both lease components and nonlease components (e.g., common area maintenance charges, etc.) as a single lease component when determining the present value of the Company’s lease payments. Variable lease payments that are not dependent on an index or a rate are excluded from the determination of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities and such payments are recognized as expense in the period when the related obligation is incurred.

The Company’s lease agreements do not provide implicit interest rates. Instead, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate determined on the lease commencement date to calculate the present value of future lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate is calculated for each individual lease and represents the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis (in the currency that the lease is denominated) over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. Right-of-use assets also include any initial direct costs incurred by the Company and lease payments made to a lessor on or before the related lease commencement date, less any lease incentives received directly from the lessor.

Certain of the Company’s facility lease agreements include options to extend or terminate the lease. When it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise a renewal or termination option, the present value of the lease payments for the affected lease is adjusted accordingly. Leases with a term of twelve months or less are accounted for in the same manner as long-term lease arrangements, including any related disclosures. Lease expense for operating leases is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, unless the related right-of-use asset was previously impaired.

All of the Company’s existing sublease arrangements have been classified as operating leases with sublease income recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the sublease arrangement. To measure the Company’s periodic sublease income, the

Company elected to use a practical expedient under ASC 842 to aggregate nonlease components with the related lease components when (i) the timing and pattern of transfer for the nonlease components and the related lease components are the same and (ii) the lease components, if accounted for separately, would be classified as an operating lease. This practical expedient applies to all of the Company’s existing sublease arrangements.

When the projected lease cost for the term of a sublease exceeds the anticipated sublease income for that same period, the Company treats that circumstance as an indicator that the carrying amount of the related right-of-use asset may not be fully recoverable. In those situations, the Company performs an impairment analysis and, if indicated, the Company records a charge against earnings to reduce the right-of-use asset to the amount deemed to be recoverable in the future.

On the Consolidated Balance Sheet, right-of-use assets are classified and reported in Operating lease right-of-use assets, and the related lease liabilities are included in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (current) and Operating lease liabilities (long-term). On the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows, the reduction in the carrying amount of right-of-use assets is presented separately and the change in operating lease liabilities is included under Accounts payable and accrued and other liabilities in the reconciliation of net income to cash provided by operating activities.

All of the Company’s leasing and subleasing activities are recognized in Selling, general and administrative expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The table below presents the Company’s net lease cost and certain other information related to the Company’s leasing activities as of and for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 (dollars in thousands).

	Year Ended December 31,
Description	2022			2021			2020
Operating lease cost (1)	$	117,750		$	130,383		$	140,829
Variable lease cost (2)	15,209			17,940			17,463
Sublease income	(46,698)			(42,801)			(38,925)
Total lease cost, net (3) (4)	$	86,261		$	105,522		$	119,367
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease   liabilities	$	137,399		$	140,571		$	137,790
Cash receipts from sublease arrangements	$	46,159		$	42,374		$	38,565
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	20,597		$	33,113		$	27,258
As of December 31,	2022			2021			2020
Weighted average remaining lease term for operating leases (in years)	7.9			8.7			9.6
Weighted average discount rate for operating leases	6.6		%	6.5		%	6.6		%

(1)Included in operating lease cost was $41.9 million, $42.3 million and $42.2 million of costs for subleasing activities during 2022, 2021, and 2020 respectively.

(2)These amounts are primarily variable lease and nonlease costs that were not fixed at the lease commencement date or are dependent on something other than an index or a rate.

(3)The Company did not capitalize any initial direct costs for operating leases during 2022, 2021, or 2020.

(4)Amount excludes impairment charges of $54.0 million and $49.5 million, for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, as discussed below.

As of December 31, 2022, the (i) maturities of operating lease liabilities under non-cancelable arrangements and (ii) estimated future sublease cash receipts from non-cancelable arrangements were as follows (in thousands):

	Operating		Sublease
	Lease		Cash
Period ending December 31,	Payments		Receipts
2023	$	142,251	$	52,286
2024	130,395		42,906
2025	114,233		43,226
2026	111,257		44,008
2027	107,228		44,889
Thereafter	299,612		25,022
Total future minimum operating lease payments and estimated sublease cash receipts (1)	904,976		$	252,337
Imputed interest	(207,992)
Total operating lease liabilities per the Consolidated Balance Sheet	$	696,984

(1)Approximately 80% of the operating lease payments pertain to properties in the United States.

The table below indicates where the discounted operating lease payments from the above table are classified in the Consolidated Balance Sheet (in thousands).

	December 31,
Description	2022		2021
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	99,717	$	89,754
Operating lease liabilities	597,267		697,766
Total operating lease liabilities per the Consolidated Balance Sheet	$	696,984	$	787,520

During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, as a result and in consideration of the changing nature of the Company’s use of office space for its workforce and the transitioning to a virtual-first hybrid, remote-work environment, the Company evaluated its existing real estate lease portfolio. This evaluation included the decision to abandon certain leased office spaces and the cease-use of certain other leased office spaces that the Company intends to sublease. In connection with this evaluation, the Company reviewed certain of its right-of-use assets and related other long-lived assets for impairment under ASC 360.

As a result of the evaluation, the Company recognized an impairment loss of $54.0 million and $49.5 million during the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, which is included as a component of Selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. The impairment loss for the year ended December 31, 2022 includes $40.7 million related to right-of-use assets, and $13.3 million related to other long-lived assets, primarily leasehold improvements. The impairment loss for the fourth quarter of the year ended December 31, 2021 includes $50.9 million related to right-of-use assets, $17.9 million related to other long-lived assets, primarily leasehold improvements and a $19.3 million reduction in lease liabilities.

The fair values for the asset groups relating to the impaired long-lived assets were estimated primarily using discounted cash flow models (income approach) with Level 3 inputs. The significant assumptions used in estimating fair value include the expected downtime prior to the commencement of future subleases, projected sublease income over the remaining lease periods and discount rates that reflect the level of risk associated with receiving future cash flows.

Leases

Leases

The Company’s leasing activities are primarily for facilities under cancelable and non-cancelable lease agreements expiring during 2023 and through 2038. These facilities support the Company’s executive and administrative activities, research and consulting, sales, systems support, operations, and other functions. The Company also has leases for office equipment and other assets, which are not significant. Certain of the Company’s lease agreements include (i) renewal options to extend the lease term for up to ten years and/or (ii) options to terminate the agreement within one year. Additionally, certain of the Company’s lease agreements provide standard recurring escalations of lease payments for, among other things, increases in a lessor’s maintenance costs and taxes. Under some lease agreements, the Company may be entitled to allowances, free rent, lessor-financed tenant improvements and other incentives. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

The Company subleases certain office space that it does not intend to occupy. Such sublease arrangements expire during 2023 and through 2032 and primarily relate to facilities in Arlington, Virginia. Certain of the Company’s sublease agreements: (i) include renewal and termination options; (ii) provide for customary escalations of lease payments in the normal course of business; and (iii) grant the subtenant certain allowances, free rent, Gartner-financed tenant improvements and other incentives.

Lease Accounting under ASC 842

Under ASC 842, a lease is a contract or an agreement, or a part of another arrangement, between two or more parties that, at its inception, creates enforceable rights and obligations that conveys the right to control the use of identified property, plant or equipment for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

Right-of-use assets represent a right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and the related lease liability represents an obligation to make lease payments pursuant to the contractual terms of the lease agreement. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are initially recognized on the lease commencement date based on the present value of the lease payments over the lease term. For all of the Company’s facilities leases, the Company accounts for both lease components and nonlease components (e.g., common area maintenance charges, etc.) as a single lease component when determining the present value of the Company’s lease payments. Variable lease payments that are not dependent on an index or a rate are excluded from the determination of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities and such payments are recognized as expense in the period when the related obligation is incurred.

The Company’s lease agreements do not provide implicit interest rates. Instead, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate determined on the lease commencement date to calculate the present value of future lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate is calculated for each individual lease and represents the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis (in the currency that the lease is denominated) over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. Right-of-use assets also include any initial direct costs incurred by the Company and lease payments made to a lessor on or before the related lease commencement date, less any lease incentives received directly from the lessor.

Certain of the Company’s facility lease agreements include options to extend or terminate the lease. When it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise a renewal or termination option, the present value of the lease payments for the affected lease is adjusted accordingly. Leases with a term of twelve months or less are accounted for in the same manner as long-term lease arrangements, including any related disclosures. Lease expense for operating leases is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, unless the related right-of-use asset was previously impaired.

All of the Company’s existing sublease arrangements have been classified as operating leases with sublease income recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the sublease arrangement. To measure the Company’s periodic sublease income, the

Company elected to use a practical expedient under ASC 842 to aggregate nonlease components with the related lease components when (i) the timing and pattern of transfer for the nonlease components and the related lease components are the same and (ii) the lease components, if accounted for separately, would be classified as an operating lease. This practical expedient applies to all of the Company’s existing sublease arrangements.

When the projected lease cost for the term of a sublease exceeds the anticipated sublease income for that same period, the Company treats that circumstance as an indicator that the carrying amount of the related right-of-use asset may not be fully recoverable. In those situations, the Company performs an impairment analysis and, if indicated, the Company records a charge against earnings to reduce the right-of-use asset to the amount deemed to be recoverable in the future.

On the Consolidated Balance Sheet, right-of-use assets are classified and reported in Operating lease right-of-use assets, and the related lease liabilities are included in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (current) and Operating lease liabilities (long-term). On the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows, the reduction in the carrying amount of right-of-use assets is presented separately and the change in operating lease liabilities is included under Accounts payable and accrued and other liabilities in the reconciliation of net income to cash provided by operating activities.

All of the Company’s leasing and subleasing activities are recognized in Selling, general and administrative expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The table below presents the Company’s net lease cost and certain other information related to the Company’s leasing activities as of and for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 (dollars in thousands).

	Year Ended December 31,
Description	2022			2021			2020
Operating lease cost (1)	$	117,750		$	130,383		$	140,829
Variable lease cost (2)	15,209			17,940			17,463
Sublease income	(46,698)			(42,801)			(38,925)
Total lease cost, net (3) (4)	$	86,261		$	105,522		$	119,367
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease   liabilities	$	137,399		$	140,571		$	137,790
Cash receipts from sublease arrangements	$	46,159		$	42,374		$	38,565
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	20,597		$	33,113		$	27,258
As of December 31,	2022			2021			2020
Weighted average remaining lease term for operating leases (in years)	7.9			8.7			9.6
Weighted average discount rate for operating leases	6.6		%	6.5		%	6.6		%

(1)Included in operating lease cost was $41.9 million, $42.3 million and $42.2 million of costs for subleasing activities during 2022, 2021, and 2020 respectively.

(2)These amounts are primarily variable lease and nonlease costs that were not fixed at the lease commencement date or are dependent on something other than an index or a rate.

(3)The Company did not capitalize any initial direct costs for operating leases during 2022, 2021, or 2020.

(4)Amount excludes impairment charges of $54.0 million and $49.5 million, for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, as discussed below.

As of December 31, 2022, the (i) maturities of operating lease liabilities under non-cancelable arrangements and (ii) estimated future sublease cash receipts from non-cancelable arrangements were as follows (in thousands):

	Operating		Sublease
	Lease		Cash
Period ending December 31,	Payments		Receipts
2023	$	142,251	$	52,286
2024	130,395		42,906
2025	114,233		43,226
2026	111,257		44,008
2027	107,228		44,889
Thereafter	299,612		25,022
Total future minimum operating lease payments and estimated sublease cash receipts (1)	904,976		$	252,337
Imputed interest	(207,992)
Total operating lease liabilities per the Consolidated Balance Sheet	$	696,984

(1)Approximately 80% of the operating lease payments pertain to properties in the United States.

The table below indicates where the discounted operating lease payments from the above table are classified in the Consolidated Balance Sheet (in thousands).

	December 31,
Description	2022		2021
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	99,717	$	89,754
Operating lease liabilities	597,267		697,766
Total operating lease liabilities per the Consolidated Balance Sheet	$	696,984	$	787,520

During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, as a result and in consideration of the changing nature of the Company’s use of office space for its workforce and the transitioning to a virtual-first hybrid, remote-work environment, the Company evaluated its existing real estate lease portfolio. This evaluation included the decision to abandon certain leased office spaces and the cease-use of certain other leased office spaces that the Company intends to sublease. In connection with this evaluation, the Company reviewed certain of its right-of-use assets and related other long-lived assets for impairment under ASC 360.

As a result of the evaluation, the Company recognized an impairment loss of $54.0 million and $49.5 million during the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, which is included as a component of Selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. The impairment loss for the year ended December 31, 2022 includes $40.7 million related to right-of-use assets, and $13.3 million related to other long-lived assets, primarily leasehold improvements. The impairment loss for the fourth quarter of the year ended December 31, 2021 includes $50.9 million related to right-of-use assets, $17.9 million related to other long-lived assets, primarily leasehold improvements and a $19.3 million reduction in lease liabilities.

The fair values for the asset groups relating to the impaired long-lived assets were estimated primarily using discounted cash flow models (income approach) with Level 3 inputs. The significant assumptions used in estimating fair value include the expected downtime prior to the commencement of future subleases, projected sublease income over the remaining lease periods and discount rates that reflect the level of risk associated with receiving future cash flows.

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Stockholders' Equity

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Equity [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity

Stockholders’ Equity

Common stock. Holders of Gartner’s common stock, par value $0.0005 per share, are entitled to one vote per share on all matters to be voted by stockholders. The Company does not currently pay cash dividends on its common stock. Also, the 2020 Credit Agreement contains a negative covenant that may limit the Company’s ability to pay dividends. The table below summarizes transactions relating to the Company’s common stock for the three years ended December 31, 2022.

	Issued Shares	Treasury Stock Shares
Balance at December 31, 2019	163,602,067	74,444,288
Issuances under stock plans	—	(820,065)
Purchases for treasury (1), (2)	—	1,135,762
Balance at December 31, 2020	163,602,067	74,759,985
Issuances under stock plans	—	(807,320)
Purchases for treasury (1)	—	7,252,839
Balance at December 31, 2021	163,602,067	81,205,504
Issuances under stock plans	—	(599,081)
Purchases for treasury (1)	—	3,822,090
Balance at December 31, 2022	163,602,067	84,428,513

(1)The Company used a total of $1.0 billion, $1.7 billion and $0.2 billion in cash for share repurchases during 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

(2)The number of shares repurchased in 2020 includes shares repurchased in December 2020 that settled in January 2021.

Share repurchase authorization. In 2015, the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) authorized a share repurchase program to repurchase up to $1.2 billion of the Company’s common stock. The Board authorized incremental share repurchases of up to an additional $1.6 billion, and $1.0 billion of the Company’s common stock during 2021 and 2022, respectively. $606 million remained available as of December 31, 2022. The Company may repurchase its common stock from time-to-time in amounts, at prices and in the manner that the Company deems appropriate, subject to the availability of stock, prevailing market conditions, the trading price of the stock, the Company’s financial performance and other conditions. Repurchases may be made through open market purchases (which may include repurchase plans designed to comply with Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), accelerated share repurchases, private transactions or other transactions and will be funded by cash on hand and borrowings. Repurchases may also be made from time-to-time in connection with the settlement of the Company’s stock-based compensation awards. See Note 19 — Subsequent Event for information regarding an increase in the Company’s share repurchase authorization.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), net (“AOCI/L”)

The tables below provide information about the changes in AOCI/L by component and the related amounts reclassified out of AOCI/L to income during the years indicated (net of tax, in thousands) (1).

Year Ended December 31, 2022

	Interest Rate Swaps		Defined Benefit Pension Plans		Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments		Total
Balance - December 31, 2021	$	(56,323)	$	(6,672)	$	(18,436)	$	(81,431)
Other comprehensive income (loss) activity during the year:
Change in AOCI/L before reclassifications to income	—		2,244		(39,679)		(37,435)
Reclassifications from AOCI/L to income (2), (3)	17,075		181		—		17,256
Other comprehensive income (loss), net for the year	17,075		2,425		(39,679)		(20,179)
Balance - December 31, 2022	$	(39,248)	$	(4,247)	$	(58,115)	$	(101,610)

Year Ended December 31, 2021

	Interest Rate Swaps		Defined Benefit Pension Plans		Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments		Total
Balance - December 31, 2020	$	(78,104)	$	(9,309)	$	(11,815)	$	(99,228)
Other comprehensive income (loss) activity during the year:
Change in AOCI/L before reclassifications to income	—		2,232		(6,621)		(4,389)
Reclassifications from AOCI/L to income (2), (3)	21,781		405		—		22,186
Other comprehensive income (loss), net for the year	21,781		2,637		(6,621)		17,797
Balance - December 31, 2021	$	(56,323)	$	(6,672)	$	(18,436)	$	(81,431)

(1)Amounts in parentheses represent debits (deferred losses).

(2)$22.6 million and $29.1 million of the reclassifications related to interest rate swaps (cash flow hedges) were recorded in Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. See Note 6 — Debt and Note 13 — Derivatives and Hedging for information regarding the cash flow hedges.

(3)The reclassifications related to defined benefit pension plans were primarily recorded in Selling, general and administrative expense, net of tax effect. See Note 15 — Employee Benefits for information regarding the Company’s defined benefit pension plans.

The estimated net amount of the existing losses on the Company’s interest rate swaps that are reported in Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net at December 31, 2022 that is expected to be reclassified into earnings within the next 12 months is $20.1 million.

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Revenue and Related Matters

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue and Related Matters

Revenue and Related Matters

Our Business and Revenues

Gartner delivers its products and services globally through three business segments: Research, Conferences and Consulting. Revenues from those business segments are discussed below.

Research

Research equips executives and their teams from every function and across all industries with actionable, objective insight, guidance and tools. Our experienced experts deliver all this value informed by a combination of practitioner-sourced and data-driven research to help our clients address their mission critical priorities.

Research revenues are mainly derived from subscription contracts for research products, representing approximately 91% of the segment’s revenue. The related revenues are deferred and recognized ratably over the applicable contract term (i.e., as services are provided over the contract period). Fees derived from assisting organizations in selecting the right business software for their needs are recognized at a point in time (i.e., when the lead is provided to the vendor).

The Company enters into subscription contracts for research products that generally are for twelve-month periods or longer. Approximately 80% to 85% of the Company’s annual and multi-year Research subscription contracts provide for billing of the first full service period upon signing. In subsequent years, multi-year subscription contracts are normally billed prior to the contract’s anniversary date. Other Research subscription contracts are usually invoiced in advance, commencing with the contract signing, on (i) a quarterly, monthly or other recurring basis or (ii) in accordance with a customized invoicing schedule. Research contracts are generally non-cancelable and non-refundable, except for government contracts that may have cancellation or fiscal funding clauses, which have not historically resulted in material cancellations. It is the Company’s policy to record the amount of a subscription contract that is billable as a fee receivable at the time the contract is signed with a corresponding amount as deferred revenue because the contract represents a legally enforceable claim.

Conferences

Conferences provides executives and teams across an organization the opportunity to learn, share and network. From our Gartner Symposium/Xpo series, to industry-leading conferences focused on specific business roles and topics, to peer-driven sessions, our offerings enable attendees to experience the best of Gartner insight and guidance.

The Company earns revenues from both the attendees and exhibitors at Gartner conferences and meetings. Attendees are generally invoiced for the full attendance fee upon their completion of an online registration form or their signing of a contract, while exhibitors typically make several individual payments commencing with the signing of a contract. Almost all of the invoiced amounts are collected in advance of the related activity, resulting in the recording of deferred revenue. Both the attendee and exhibitor revenues are recognized as the related performance obligations are satisfied (i.e., when the related activity is held).

The Company defers certain costs directly related to specific conferences and meetings and expenses those costs in the period during which the related activity occurs. The Company’s policy is to defer only those costs that are incremental and directly attributable to a specific activity, primarily prepaid site and production services costs. Other costs of organizing and producing conference activities, primarily Company personnel and non-conference specific expenses, are expensed in the period incurred.

Consulting 

Consulting serves senior executives leading technology-driven strategic initiatives leveraging the power of Gartner’s actionable, objective insight. Through custom analysis and on-the-ground support we enable optimized technology investments and stronger performance on our clients’ mission critical priorities.

Consulting revenues, primarily derived from custom consulting and measurement services, are principally generated from fixed fee or time and materials engagements. Revenues from fixed fee engagements are recognized as the Company works to satisfy its performance obligations, while revenues from time and materials engagements are recognized as work is delivered and/or services are provided. In both of these circumstances, performance obligations are satisfied and control of the services are passed to customers over time (i.e., during the duration of the contract or consulting engagement). On a contract-by-contract basis, the Company typically uses actual labor hours incurred compared to total expected labor hours to measure the Company’s performance in respect of fixed fee engagements. If labor and other costs on an individual contract are expected to exceed the total contract value or the contract’s funded ceiling amount, the Company reflects an adjustment to the contract’s overall profitability in the period determined. Revenues related to contract optimization engagements are contingent in nature and are only recognized at the point in time when all of the conditions related to their payment have been satisfied.

Consulting customers are invoiced based on the specific terms and conditions in their underlying contracts. They are typically invoiced after the Company has satisfied some or all of the related performance obligations and the related revenue has been recognized. The Company records fees receivable for amounts that are billed or billable. Contract assets are also recorded representing amounts for which the Company has recognized revenue but lacks the unconditional right to payment as of the balance sheet date due to the required continued performance under the relevant contract, progress billing milestones or other billing-related restrictions.

Disaggregated Revenue

Disaggregated revenue by reportable segment is presented in the tables below for the years indicated (in thousands).

By Primary Geographic Market (1)

Year Ended December 31, 2022

Primary Geographic Market	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
United States and Canada	$	3,056,096	$	263,165	$	300,121	$	3,619,382
Europe, Middle East and Africa	1,017,860		88,979		127,820		1,234,659
Other International	530,835		37,129		53,841		621,805
Total revenues	$	4,604,791	$	389,273	$	481,782	$	5,475,846

Year Ended December 31, 2021

Primary Geographic Market	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
United States and Canada	$	2,655,534	$	146,707	$	246,661	$	3,048,902
Europe, Middle East and Africa	958,339		47,883		124,757		1,130,979
Other International	487,519		19,859		46,703		554,081
Total revenues	$	4,101,392	$	214,449	$	418,121	$	4,733,962

Year Ended December 31, 2020

Primary Geographic Market	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
United States and Canada	$	2,339,482	$	75,024	$	223,318	$	2,637,824
Europe, Middle East and Africa	826,752		28,108		111,413		966,273
Other International	436,658		17,008		41,640		495,306
Total revenues	$	3,602,892	$	120,140	$	376,371	$	4,099,403

(1)Revenue is reported based on where the sale is fulfilled.

The Company’s revenue is generated primarily through direct sales to clients by domestic and international sales forces and a network of independent international sales agents. Most of the Company’s products and services are provided on an integrated worldwide basis and, because of this integrated delivery approach, it is not practical to precisely separate Company’s revenue by geographic location. Accordingly, revenue information presented in the above tables is based on internal allocations, which involve certain management estimates and judgments.

By Timing of Revenue Recognition

Year Ended December 31, 2022

Timing of Revenue Recognition	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
Transferred over time (1)	$	4,182,747	$	—	$	378,062	$	4,560,809
Transferred at a point in time (2)	422,044		389,273		103,720		915,037
Total revenues	$	4,604,791	$	389,273	$	481,782	$	5,475,846

Year Ended December 31, 2021

Timing of Revenue Recognition	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
Transferred over time (1)	$	3,740,694	$	—	$	334,945	$	4,075,639
Transferred at a point in time (2)	360,698		214,449		83,176		658,323
Total revenues	$	4,101,392	$	214,449	$	418,121	$	4,733,962

Year Ended December 31, 2020

Timing of Revenue Recognition	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
Transferred over time (1)	$	3,313,111	$	—	$	296,546	$	3,609,657
Transferred at a point in time (2)	289,781		120,140		79,825		489,746
Total revenues	$	3,602,892	$	120,140	$	376,371	$	4,099,403

(1)Research revenues were recognized in connection with performance obligations that were satisfied over time using a time-elapsed output method to measure progress. Consulting revenues were recognized over time using labor hours as an input measurement basis.

(2)The revenues in this category were recognized in connection with performance obligations that were satisfied at the point in time that the contractual deliverables were provided to the customer.

Determining a measure of progress for performance obligations that are satisfied over time and when control transfers for performance obligations that are satisfied at a point in time requires management to make judgments that affect the timing of revenue recognition. A key factor in this determination is when the customer can direct the use of, and can obtain substantially all of the benefits from, the deliverable.

For performance obligations recognized in accordance with a time-elapsed output method, the Company’s efforts are expended consistently throughout the contractual period and the Company transfers control evenly by providing stand-ready services. For performance obligations satisfied under Consulting fixed fee or time and materials engagements, the Company believes that

labor hours are the best measure of depicting the Company’s progress because labor output corresponds directly to the value of the Company’s performance to date as control is transferred.

For customer contracts that are greater than one year in duration, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) as of December 31, 2022 was approximately $5.2 billion. The Company expects to recognize $3.0 billion, $1.7 billion and $0.5 billion of this revenue (most of which pertains to Research) during the year ending December 31, 2023, the year ending December 31, 2024 and thereafter, respectively. The Company applies a practical expedient allowed in ASC 606 and, accordingly, it does not disclose such performance obligation information for customer contracts that have original durations of one year or less. The Company’s performance obligations for contracts meeting this ASC 606 disclosure exclusion primarily include: (i) stand-ready services under Research subscription contracts; (ii) holding conferences and meetings where attendees and exhibitors can participate; and (iii) providing customized Consulting solutions for clients under fixed fee or time and materials engagements. The remaining duration of these performance obligations is generally less than one year, which aligns with the period that the parties have enforceable rights and obligations under the affected contracts.

Customer Contract Assets and Liabilities

The payment terms and conditions in the Company’s customer contracts vary. In some cases, customers prepay and, in other cases, after the Company conducts a credit evaluation, payment may be due in arrears. Because the timing of the Company’s service delivery typically differs from the timing of customer payments, the Company recognizes either a contract asset (the Company performs either fully or partially under the contract but a contingency remains) or a contract liability (upfront customer payments precede the Company’s performance, resulting in deferred revenue). Amounts recorded as contract assets are reclassified to fees receivable when all of the outstanding conditions have been resolved and the Company’s right to payment becomes unconditional. Contracts with payments due in arrears are also recognized as fees receivable. As contractual performance obligations are satisfied, the Company correspondingly relieves its contract liabilities and records the associated revenue.

The table below provides information regarding certain of the Company’s balance sheet accounts that pertain to its contracts with customers (in thousands).

	December 31,
	2022		2021
Assets:
Fees receivable, gross (1)	$	1,565,786	$	1,371,680
Contract assets recorded in Prepaid expenses and other current assets (2)	$	21,183	$	20,054
Contract liabilities:
Deferred revenues (current liability) (3)	$	2,443,762	$	2,238,035
Non-current deferred revenues recorded in Other liabilities (3)	39,115		48,176
Total contract liabilities	$	2,482,877	$	2,286,211

(1)Fees receivable represent an unconditional right of payment from the Company’s customers and include both billed and unbilled amounts.

(2)Contract assets represent recognized revenue for which the Company does not have an unconditional right to payment as of the balance sheet date because the project may be subject to a progress billing milestone or some other billing restriction.

(3)Deferred revenues represent amounts (i) for which the Company has received an upfront customer payment or (ii) that pertain to recognized fees receivable. Both situations occur before the completion of the Company’s performance obligation(s).

The Company recognized revenue of $1.9 billion, $1.6 billion and $1.5 billion during 2022, 2021 and 2020 respectively, which was attributable to deferred revenues that were recorded at the beginning of each such year. Those amounts primarily consisted of (i) Research revenues and (ii) Conferences revenues pertaining to conferences and meetings that occurred during the reporting periods. During 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company did not record any material impairments related to its contract assets.

Costs of Obtaining and Fulfilling a Customer Contract

When the Company concludes that a liability should be recognized for the costs of obtaining a customer contract and determines how such liability should be measured, certain commissions are capitalized as a recoverable direct incremental cost of obtaining the underlying contract. No other amounts are capitalized as a cost of obtaining or fulfilling a customer contract because no expenditures have been identified that meet the requisite capitalization criteria. For Research and Consulting, the Company amortizes deferred commissions on a systematic basis that aligns with the transfer to customers of the services to which the commissions relate. For Conferences, deferred commissions are expensed during the period when the related conference or meeting occurs.During 2022, 2021 and 2020, deferred commission amortization expense was $562.1 million, $472.5 million and $440.5 million, respectively, and was included in Selling, general and administrative expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company classifies Deferred commissions as a current asset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at both December 31, 2022 and 2021 because those costs were, or will be, amortized over the twelve months following the respective balance sheet dates.

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Stock-Based Compensation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company grants stock-based compensation awards as an incentive for employees and directors to contribute to the Company’s long-term success. The Company currently awards stock-settled stock appreciation rights, service-based and performance-based restricted stock units, and common stock equivalents. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had 4.0 million shares of its common stock, par value $0.0005 per share, (the “Common Stock”) available for stock-based compensation awards under its 2014 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “Plan”). Currently, the Company issues treasury shares upon the exercise, release or settlement of stock-based compensation awards.

Determining the appropriate fair value model and calculating the fair value of stock-based compensation awards requires the use of certain subjective assumptions, including the expected life of a stock-based compensation award and Common Stock price volatility. In addition, determining the appropriate periodic stock-based compensation expense requires management to estimate the likelihood of the achievement of certain performance targets. The assumptions used in calculating the fair values of stock-based compensation awards and the related periodic expense represent management’s best estimates, which involve inherent uncertainties and the application of judgment. As a result, if circumstances change and the Company deems it necessary in the future to modify the assumptions it made or to use different assumptions, or if the quantity and nature of the Company’s stock-based compensation awards changes, then the amount of expense may need to be adjusted and future stock-based compensation expense could be materially different from what has been recorded in the current year.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

The tables below summarize the Company’s stock-based compensation expense by award type and expense category line item during the years ended December 31 (in millions).

Award type	2022		2021		2020
Stock appreciation rights	$	8.8	$	8.2	$	7.8
Restricted stock units (1)	81.0		89.6		54.1
Common stock equivalents	0.8		0.8		0.7
Total (2)	$	90.6	$	98.6	$	62.6

Expense category line item	2022		2021		2020
Cost of services and product development	$	32.7	$	35.0	$	29.7
Selling, general and administrative	57.9		63.6		32.9
Total (1) (2)	$	90.6	$	98.6	$	62.6

(1)On February 5, 2020, prior to the COVID-19 related shutdown in the U.S., the Compensation Committee (“Committee”) of the Board of Directors of the Company established performance measures for the performance-based restricted stock units (the “PSUs”) awarded to the Company’s executive officers in 2020 under the Plan. Based on preliminary corporate performance results for the 2020 performance measures, the 2020 PSUs would have been earned at 50% of target. However, on February 3, 2021, the Committee determined to use its discretion under the Plan to approve a payout at 95% of target. In deciding to exercise this discretion to adjust the performance-based RSU payout, the Committee considered the Company’s strong overall performance in 2020 despite the significant negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. As a

result of the modification, the Company recognized $6.5 million of incremental compensation cost during the year ended December 31, 2021.

(2)Includes charges of $32.2 million, $41.2 million and $17.9 million during 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, for awards to retirement-eligible employees. Those awards vest on an accelerated basis.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company had $118.4 million of total unrecognized stock-based compensation cost, which is expected to be expensed over the remaining weighted average service period of approximately 2.4 years.

Stock-Based Compensation Awards

The disclosures presented below provide information regarding the Company’s stock-based compensation awards, all of which have been classified as equity awards in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 505.

Stock Appreciation Rights

Stock-settled stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) permit the holder to participate in the appreciation of the value of the Common Stock. After the applicable vesting criteria have been satisfied, SARs are settled in shares of Common Stock upon exercise by the employee. SARs vest ratably over a four-year service period and expire seven years from the date of grant. The fair value of a SARs award is recognized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over four years. SARs have only been awarded to the Company’s executive officers.

When SARs are exercised, the number of shares of Common Stock issued is calculated as follows: (1) the total proceeds from the exercise of the SARs award (calculated as the closing price of the Common Stock as reported on the New York Stock Exchange on the date of exercise less the exercise price of the SARs award, multiplied by the number of SARs exercised) is divided by (2) the closing price of the Common Stock on the date of exercise. Upon exercise, the Company withholds a portion of the shares of the Common Stock to satisfy statutory tax withholding requirements. SARs recipients do not have any stockholder rights until the shares of Common Stock are issued in respect of the award, which is subject to the prior satisfaction of the vesting and other criteria relating to such grants.

The table below summarizes changes in SARs outstanding during the year ended December 31, 2022.

	Units of SARs (in millions)	Per Share Weighted Average Exercise Price		Per Share Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
Outstanding at December 31, 2021	0.8	$	145.36	$	34.72	4.45
Granted	0.1	302.90		92.56		6.11
Exercised	(0.1)	124.20		28.26		n/a
Outstanding at December 31, 2022 (1) (2)	0.8	$	168.16	$	42.99	3.89
Vested and exercisable at December 31, 2022 (2)	0.4	$	135.43	$	31.36	2.97

n/a = not applicable

(1)As of December 31, 2022, 0.4 million of the total SARs outstanding were unvested. The Company expects that substantially all of those unvested awards will vest in future periods.

(2)As of December 31, 2022, the total SARs outstanding had an intrinsic value of $140.5 million. On such date, SARs vested and exercisable had an intrinsic value of $86.4 million.

The fair value of a SARs award is determined on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton valuation model with the following weighted average assumptions for the years ended December 31:

	2022		2021		2020
Expected dividend yield (1)	—	%	—	%	—	%
Expected stock price volatility (2)	33	%	31	%	23	%
Risk-free interest rate (3)	1.8	%	0.4	%	1.5	%
Expected life in years (4)	4.59		4.74		4.68

(1)The expected dividend yield assumption was based on both the Company’s historical and anticipated dividend payouts. Historically, the Company has not paid cash dividends on its Common Stock.

(2)The determination of expected stock price volatility was based on both historical Common Stock prices and implied volatility from publicly traded options in the Common Stock.

(3)The risk-free interest rate was based on the yield of a U.S. Treasury security with a maturity similar to the expected life of the award.

(4)The expected life represents the Company’s estimate of the weighted average period of time the SARs are expected to be outstanding (that is, the period between the service inception date and the expected exercise date).

Restricted Stock Units

Restricted stock units (“RSUs”) give the awardee the right to receive shares of Common Stock when the vesting conditions are met and certain restrictions lapse. Each RSU that vests entitles the awardee to one share of Common Stock. RSU awardees do not have any of the rights of a Gartner stockholder, including voting rights and the right to receive dividends and distributions, until the shares are released. The fair value of an RSU award is determined on the date of grant based on the closing price of the Common Stock as reported on the New York Stock Exchange on that date. Service-based RSUs vest ratably over four years and are expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. Performance-based RSUs are subject to the satisfaction of both performance and service conditions, vest ratably over four years and are expensed on an accelerated basis over the vesting period.

The table below summarizes the changes in RSUs outstanding during the year ended December 31, 2022.

	Units of RSUs (in millions)	Per Share Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2021	1.1	$	160.04
Granted (1)	0.5	301.38
Vested and released	(0.5)	152.13
Forfeited	(0.1)	195.86
Outstanding at December 31, 2022 (2) (3)	1.0	$	211.25

(1)The 0.5 million of RSUs granted during 2022 consisted of 0.2 million of performance-based RSUs awarded to executives and 0.3 million of service-based RSUs awarded to non-executive employees and non-management board members. The performance-based awards include RSUs in final adjustments of 2021 grants and approximately 0.1 million of RSUs representing the target amount of the grant for 2022 that is tied to an increase in Gartner’s contract value for such year. The number of performance-based RSUs for 2022 that holders could receive ranges from 0% to 200% of the target amount based on the extent to which the corresponding performance goals have been achieved and subject to certain other conditions. Any adjustments in the number of performance-based RSUs under the 2022 grant will be made in 2023.

(2)The Company expects that substantially all of the RSUs outstanding will vest in future periods.

(3)As of December 31, 2022, the weighted average remaining contractual term of the RSUs outstanding was approximately 1.1 years.

Common Stock Equivalents

Common stock equivalents (“CSEs”) are convertible into Common Stock. Each CSE entitles the holder to one share of Common Stock. Members of the Company’s Board of Directors receive their directors’ fees in CSEs unless they opt to receive up to 50% of those fees in cash. Generally, CSEs have no defined term and are converted into shares of Common Stock when service as a director terminates unless the director has elected an accelerated release. The fair value of a CSE award is determined on the date of grant based on the closing price of the Common Stock as reported on the New York Stock Exchange on that date. CSEs vest immediately and, as a result, they are recorded as expense on the date of grant.

The table below summarizes the changes in CSEs outstanding during the year ended December 31, 2022.

	Units of CSEs	Per Share Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2021	114,318	$	31.15
Granted	2,641	287.83
Converted to shares of Common Stock upon grant	(1,680)	283.58
Outstanding at December 31, 2022	115,279	$	33.35

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The Company has an employee stock purchase plan (the “ESP Plan”) wherein eligible employees are permitted to purchase shares of Common Stock through payroll deductions, which may not exceed 10% of an employee’s compensation, or $23,750 in any calendar year, at a price equal to 95% of the closing price of the Common Stock as reported on the New York Stock Exchange at the end of each offering period. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had 3.3 million shares available for purchase under the ESP Plan. The ESP Plan is considered non-compensatory under FASB ASC Topic 718 and, as a result, the Company does not record stock-based compensation expense for employee share purchases. The Company received $22.2 million, $18.2 million and $18.1 million in cash from employee share purchases under the ESP Plan during 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

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Computation of Earnings Per Share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Computation of Earnings Per Share

Computation of Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution of securities that could share in earnings. Potential shares of common stock are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share when their effect would be anti-dilutive.

The table below sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted income per share for the years ended December 31 (in thousands, except per share data).

	2022		2021		2020
Numerator:
Net income used for calculating basic and diluted income per share	$	807,799	$	793,560	$	266,745
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares used in the calculation of basic income per share	80,178		85,026		89,315
Dilutive effect of outstanding awards associated with stock-based compensation plans	889		1,151		702
Shares used in the calculation of diluted income per share	81,067		86,177		90,017
Income per share (1):
Basic	$	10.08	$	9.33	$	2.99
Diluted	$	9.96	$	9.21	$	2.96

(1)Both basic and diluted income per share for 2021 and 2020 included a tax benefit of approximately $0.63 and $0.31 per share, respectively, related to intercompany sales of certain intellectual property (see Note 12 — Income Taxes).

The table below presents the number of outstanding awards associated with stock-based compensation plans that were not included in the computations of diluted income per share in the above table because the effect would have been anti-dilutive. During years with net income, the outstanding awards were anti-dilutive because their exercise prices were greater than the average market price per share of Common Stock during such year.

	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Anti-dilutive outstanding awards associated with stock-based compensation plans (in millions) (1)	0.1		—		0.5
Average market price per share of Common Stock during the year	$	289.73	$	252.07	$	130.95

(1)The number of anti-dilutive common stock equivalents for 2021 was de minimis.

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Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

Below is a summary of the components of the Company’s income before income taxes for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).

	2022		2021		2020
U.S.	$	560,193	$	485,472	$	111,880
Non-U.S.	467,002		484,398		214,253
Income before income taxes	$	1,027,195	$	969,870	$	326,133

The components of the expense (benefit) for income taxes on the above income are summarized in the table below (in thousands).

	2022		2021		2020
Current tax expense:
U.S. federal	$	122,191	$	117,024	$	14,480
State and local	48,482		36,266		16,360
Foreign	91,596		64,835		62,993
Total current	262,269		218,125		93,833
Deferred tax (benefit) expense:
U.S. federal	(21,337)		(4,640)		(7,206)
State and local	(10,108)		3,156		(13,121)
Foreign	(4,232)		(33,389)		(22,673)
Total deferred	(35,677)		(34,873)		(43,000)
Total current and deferred	226,592		183,252		50,833
(Expense) benefit relating to interest rate swaps used to increase equity	(5,569)		(7,281)		8,257
Benefit from stock transactions with employees used to increase equity	66		78		56
Benefit relating to defined-benefit pension adjustments used to increase equity	(1,693)		261		242
Total tax expense	$	219,396	$	176,310	$	59,388

The components of long-term deferred tax assets (liabilities) are summarized in the table below (in thousands).

	December 31,
	2022		2021
Accrued liabilities	$	72,610	$	90,384
Operating leases	63,289		60,226
Intangible assets	35,803		—
Loss and credit carryforwards	37,978		31,662
Assets relating to equity compensation	19,299		15,863
Other assets	16,638		12,195
Gross deferred tax assets	245,617		210,330
Valuation allowance	(152,808)		(23,331)
Net deferred tax assets	92,809		186,999
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements	(1,856)		(14,576)
Intangible assets	—		(123,523)
Prepaid expenses	(69,230)		(70,149)
Other liabilities	(22,936)		(20,536)
Gross deferred tax liabilities	(94,022)		(228,784)
Net deferred tax liabilities	$	(1,213)	$	(41,785)

Net deferred tax assets and net deferred tax liabilities were $138.3 million and $139.5 million as of December 31, 2022, respectively, and $140.0 million and $181.8 million as of December 31, 2021, respectively. These amounts are reported in Other assets and Other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Management has concluded it is more likely than not that the reversal of deferred tax liabilities and results of future operations will generate sufficient taxable income to realize the deferred tax assets, net of the valuation allowance at December 31, 2022.

In 2022, the Company recorded a deferred tax asset of approximately $122.9 million for tax basis in intangible assets along with an offsetting valuation allowance of the same amount consistent with changes in the Company’s expectations for recovering amortizable tax basis in certain intellectual property during the period.

The valuation allowances of $152.8 million and $23.3 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, primarily related to tax basis in certain intangible assets and loss and credit carryovers that are not likely to be realized.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company had state and local tax net operating loss carryforwards of $17.6 million, of which $7.4 million expires within six to fifteen years and $10.2 million expires within sixteen to twenty years. The Company also had state tax credits of $8.0 million, a majority of which will expire in five to six years. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had non-U.S. net operating loss carryforwards of $2.1 million, of which $0.1 million expires over the next 20 years and $2.0 million can be carried forward indefinitely. In addition, the Company also had foreign tax credit carryforwards of $19.7 million, all of which will expire between 2028 and 2032. These amounts have been reduced for associated unrecognized tax benefits, consistent with ASU No. 2013-11, “Income Taxes—Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists.”

The items comprising the differences between the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate and the Company’s effective tax rate on income before income taxes for the years ended December 31 are summarized in the table below.

	2022		2021		2020
Statutory tax rate	21.0	%	21.0	%	21.0	%
State income taxes, net of federal benefit	2.4		2.8		1.7
Effect of non-U.S. operations	(2.0)		(3.4)		(1.8)
Intercompany sale of intellectual property	—		(5.6)		(8.7)
Net activity in recognized tax benefits	(1.1)		1.3		6.4
Law changes	—		1.3		1.8
Stock-based compensation expense	(2.0)		(2.0)		(2.8)
Limitation on executive compensation	1.4		1.7		1.3
Global intangible low-taxed income, net of foreign tax credits	1.9		1.7		1.4
Foreign-derived intangible income	(0.4)		(0.3)		(0.8)
Other items, net	0.2		(0.3)		(1.3)
Effective tax rate	21.4	%	18.2	%	18.2	%

The Company completed intercompany sales of certain intellectual property in 2021 and 2020. As a result, the Company recorded net tax benefits of approximately $54.1 million and $28.3 million during 2021 and 2020, respectively. These benefits represent the value of future tax deductions for amortization of the assets in the acquiring jurisdiction, net of any tax recognized in the selling jurisdiction. The Company’s intellectual property footprint continues to evolve and may result in tax rate volatility in the future.

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had gross unrecognized tax benefits of $137.2 million and $150.0 million, respectively. The decrease is primarily due to releases for expiration of statutes. The gross unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2022 related primarily to transfer pricing on intercompany transactions, the exclusion of stock-based compensation expense from the Company’s cost sharing agreement, and the ability to realize certain refund claims. It is reasonably possible that gross unrecognized tax benefits will decrease by approximately $11.7 million within the next twelve months due to the anticipated closure of audits and the expiration of certain statutes of limitation.

Included in the balance of gross unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2022 are potential benefits of $125.8 million that, if recognized, would reduce our effective tax rate on income from continuing operations. Also included in the balance of gross

unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2022 are potential benefits of $11.4 million that, if recognized, would result in adjustments to other tax accounts, primarily deferred taxes.

The table below is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of gross unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).

	2022		2021
Beginning balance	$	150,024	$	127,080
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year	10,989		29,636
Additions for tax positions of prior years	12,153		2,756
Reductions for tax positions of prior years	(485)		(4,592)
Reductions for expiration of statutes	(30,817)		(3,240)
Settlements	(2,177)		(147)
Change in foreign currency exchange rates	(2,460)		(1,469)
Ending balance	$	137,227	$	150,024

The Company accrues interest and penalties related to gross unrecognized tax benefits in its income tax provision. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had $16.3 million and $14.3 million, respectively, of accrued interest and penalties related to gross unrecognized tax benefits. These amounts are in addition to the gross unrecognized tax benefits disclosed above. The total amount of interest and penalties recognized in the income tax provision during 2022 and 2021 was $2.4 million and $4.2 million, respectively.

The number of years with open statutes of limitation varies depending on the tax jurisdiction. The Company’s statutes are open with respect to the U.S. federal jurisdiction for 2019 and forward, India for 2005 and forward, and Ireland for 2018 and forward. For other major taxing jurisdictions, including U.S. states, the United Kingdom, Canada, Japan, Cyprus, and France, the Company’s statutes vary and are open as far back as 2012.

The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (the “OECD”) has issued various proposals that would change long-standing global tax principles. These proposals include a two-pillar approach to global taxation (BEPS 2.0/ Pillar Two), focusing on global profit allocation and a global minimum tax rate. On December 12, 2022, the European Union member states agreed to implement the OECD’s global corporate minimum tax rate of 15%, to be effective as of January 2024. Other countries are also actively considering changes to their tax laws to adopt certain parts of the OECD’s proposals. In December 2022, South Korea enacted new global minimum tax rules to align with Pillar Two. The enactment of Pillar Two legislation could have a material adverse effect on the Company's effective tax rate, financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. The Company will continue to monitor and reflect the impact of such legislative changes in future financial statements as appropriate.

Under U.S. GAAP, no provision for income taxes that may result from the remittance of earnings held overseas is required if the Company has the ability and intent to indefinitely reinvest such funds overseas. The Company continues to assert its intention to reinvest all accumulated undistributed foreign earnings in its non-U.S. operations, except in instances where the repatriation of those earnings would result in minimal additional tax. Consequently, the Company has not recognized income tax expense that would result from the remittance of those earnings. The accumulated undistributed earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries were approximately $120.3 million as of December 31, 2022.

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Derivatives and Hedging

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivatives and Hedging

Derivatives and Hedging

The Company enters into a limited number of derivative contracts to mitigate the cash flow risk associated with changes in interest rates on variable-rate debt and changes in foreign exchange rates on forecasted foreign currency transactions. The Company accounts for its outstanding derivative contracts in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 815, which requires all derivatives, including derivatives designated as accounting hedges, to be recorded on the balance sheet at fair value. The tables below provide information regarding the Company’s outstanding derivative contracts as of the dates indicated (in thousands, except for number of contracts).

December 31, 2022

Derivative Contract Type	Number of Contracts	Notional Amounts		Fair Value Asset (Liability), Net (3)		Balance Sheet Line Item	Unrealized Loss Recorded in AOCI/L
Interest rate swap (1)	1	$	350,000	$	3,952	Other assets	$	(39,248)
				6,346		Other current assets
Foreign currency forwards (2)	138	687,763		625		Other current assets	—
Total	139	$	1,037,763	$	10,923		$	(39,248)

December 31, 2021

Derivative Contract Type	Number of Contracts	Notional Amounts		Fair Value Asset (Liability), Net (3)		Balance Sheet Line Item	Unrealized Loss Recorded in AOCI/L
Interest rate swaps (1)	4	$	1,400,000	$	(31,942)	Other liabilities	$	(56,323)
				(21,795)		Accrued liabilities
Foreign currency forwards (2)	138	533,506		(91)		Accrued liabilities	—
Total	142	$	1,933,506	$	(53,828)		$	(56,323)

(1)As a result of the payment under the then outstanding 2016 Credit Agreement term loan and revolving credit facility, the Company de-designated all of its interest rate swaps effective June 30, 2020. Accordingly, hedge accounting is not applicable, and subsequent changes to fair value of the interest rate swaps are recorded in Other income (expense), net. The amounts previously recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss are amortized into Interest expense over the terms of the hedged forecasted interest payments. Note 6 — Debt provides additional information regarding the Company’s interest rate swap contracts.

(2)The Company has foreign exchange transaction risk because it typically enters into transactions in the normal course of business that are denominated in foreign currencies that differ from the local functional currency. The Company enters into short-term foreign currency forward exchange contracts to mitigate the cash flow risk associated with changes in foreign currency rates on forecasted foreign currency transactions. These contracts are accounted for at fair value with realized and unrealized gains and losses recognized in Other income (expense), net because the Company does not designate these contracts as hedges for accounting purposes. All of the outstanding foreign currency forward exchange contracts at December 31, 2022 matured before January 31, 2023.

(3)See Note 14 — Fair Value Disclosures for the determination of the fair values of these instruments.

At December 31, 2022, all of the Company’s derivative counterparties were investment grade financial institutions. The Company did not have any collateral arrangements with its derivative counterparties and none of the derivative contracts contained credit-risk related contingent features. The table below provides information regarding amounts recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for derivative contracts for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).

Amount Recorded In	2022		2021		2020
Interest expense, net (1)	$	22,643	$	29,061	$	24,880
Other (income) expense, net (2)	(20,397)		(18,844)		22,300
Total expense, net	$	2,246	$	10,217	$	47,180

(1)Consists of interest expense from interest rate swap contracts.

(2)Consists of net realized and unrealized gains and losses on foreign currency forward contracts, gains and losses on de-designated interest rate swaps. For the year ended December 31, 2020, Other (income) expense, net included $10.3 million expense on interest rate swap contracts due to forecasted interest payments no longer being probable as a result of the payment under the then outstanding 2016 Credit Agreement term loan and revolving credit facility on June 30, 2020.

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Fair Value Disclosures

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Disclosures

Fair Value Disclosures

The Company’s financial instruments include cash equivalents, fees receivable from customers, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, all of which are normally short-term in nature. The Company believes that the carrying amounts of these financial instruments reasonably approximate their fair values due to their short-term nature. The Company’s financial instruments also include its outstanding variable-rate borrowings under the 2020 Credit Agreement. The Company believes that the carrying amounts of its variable-rate borrowings reasonably approximate their fair values because the rates of interest on those borrowings reflect current market rates of interest for similar instruments with comparable maturities.

The Company enters into a limited number of derivatives transactions but does not enter into repurchase agreements, securities lending transactions or master netting arrangements. Receivables or payables that result from derivatives transactions are recorded gross in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

FASB ASC Topic 820 provides a framework for the measurement of fair value and a valuation hierarchy based on the transparency of inputs used in the valuation of assets and liabilities. Classification within the valuation hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the resulting fair value measurement. The valuation hierarchy contains three levels. Level 1 measurements consist of quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 measurements include significant other observable inputs such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; identical assets or liabilities in inactive markets; observable inputs such as interest rates and yield curves; and other market-corroborated inputs. Level 3 measurements include significant unobservable inputs such as internally-created valuation models. Generally, the Company does not utilize Level 3 valuation inputs to remeasure any of its assets or liabilities. However, Level 3 inputs may be used by the Company when certain long-lived assets, including identifiable intangible assets, goodwill, and right-of-use assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis when there are indicators of impairment. Additionally, Level 3 inputs may be used by the Company in its required annual impairment review of goodwill. Information regarding the periodic assessment of the Company’s goodwill is included in Note 1 — Business and Significant Accounting Policies. The Company does not typically transfer assets or liabilities between different levels of the valuation hierarchy.

The table below presents the fair value of certain financial assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value and measured on a recurring basis in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands).

	December 31,
Description	2022		2021
Assets:
Values based on Level 1 inputs:
Deferred compensation plan assets (1)	$	6,065	$	7,428
Total Level 1 inputs	6,065		7,428
Values based on Level 2 inputs:
Deferred compensation plan assets (1)	84,318		96,627
Foreign currency forward contracts (2)	3,236		1,122
Interest rate swap contract (3)	10,298		—
Total Level 2 inputs	97,852		97,749
Total Assets	$	103,917	$	105,177
Liabilities:
Values based on Level 2 inputs:
Deferred compensation plan liabilities (1)	$	96,641	$	110,861
Foreign currency forward contracts (2)	2,611		1,213
Interest rate swap contracts (3)	—		53,737
Total Level 2 inputs	99,252		165,811
Total Liabilities	$	99,252	$	165,811

(1)The Company has a deferred compensation plan for the benefit of certain highly compensated officers, managers and other key employees (see Note 15 — Employee Benefits). The assets consist of investments in money market funds, mutual funds and company-owned life insurance contracts. The money market funds consist of cash equivalents while the mutual fund investments consist of publicly-traded and quoted equity shares. The Company considers the fair values of these assets to be based on Level 1 inputs, and such assets had fair values of $6.1 million and $7.4 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The carrying amounts of the life insurance contracts equal their cash surrender values. Cash

surrender value represents the estimated amount that the Company would receive upon termination of a contract, which approximates fair value. The Company considers life insurance contracts to be valued based on Level 2 inputs, and such assets had fair values of $84.3 million and $96.6 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The related deferred compensation plan liabilities are recorded at fair value, or the estimated amount needed to settle the liability, which the Company considers to be a Level 2 input.

(2)The Company enters into foreign currency forward exchange contracts to hedge the effects of adverse fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates (see Note 13 — Derivatives and Hedging). Valuation of these contracts is based on observable foreign currency exchange rates in active markets, which the Company considers to be a Level 2 input.

(3)The Company has interest rate swap contracts that hedge the risk of variability from interest payments on its borrowings (see Note 6 — Debt). The fair values of interest rate swaps are based on mark-to-market valuations prepared by a third-party broker. Those valuations are based on observable interest rates from recently executed market transactions and other observable market data, which the Company considers to be Level 2 inputs. The Company independently corroborates the reasonableness of the valuations prepared by the third-party broker by using an electronic quotation service.

The table below presents the carrying amounts (net of deferred financing costs) and fair values of financial instruments that are not recorded at fair value in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands). The estimated fair value of the financial instruments was derived from quoted market prices provided by an independent dealer, which the Company considers to be a Level 2 input.

 

	Carrying Amount				Fair Value
	December 31,				December 31,
Description	2022		2021		2022		2021
2028 Notes	$	792,934	$	791,833	$	740,864	$	836,632
2029 Notes	593,951		593,139		523,842		608,346
2030 Notes	792,324		791,491		688,856		816,208
Total	$	2,179,209	$	2,176,463	$	1,953,562	$	2,261,186

Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

The Company’s certain long-lived assets, including identifiable intangible assets, goodwill, and right-of-use assets assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis when there are indicators of impairment. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company recorded impairment charges of $54.0 million and $49.5 million, respectively, on right-of-use assets and other long-lived assets primarily related to certain office leases that the Company determined will no longer be used, net of a reduction in the related lease liabilities. The impairment was derived by comparing the fair value of the impacted assets to the carrying value of those assets as of the impairment measurement date, as required under ASC Topic 360 using Level 3 inputs. See Note 7 — Leases for additional discussion related to these impairment charges. There were no impairment charges recognized during the year ended December 31, 2020.

Additionally, see Note 2 — Acquisitions and Divestiture for fair value measurements of certain assets and liabilities acquired in business combinations that are recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.

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Employee Benefits

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Disclosures [Abstract]

Employee Benefits

Employee Benefits

Defined contribution plans. The Company has savings and investment plans (the “401(k) Plans”) covering substantially all U.S. employees. Company contributions are based on the level of employee contributions, up to a maximum of 4% of an employee’s eligible salary, subject to an annual maximum. For 2022, the maximum Company match was $7,200. Amounts expensed in connection with the 401(k) Plans totaled $50.4 million, $44.1 million and $43.9 million in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Deferred compensation plans. The Company has supplemental deferred compensation plans for the benefit of certain highly compensated officers, managers and other key employees. The plans’ investment assets are recorded at fair value in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The value of those assets was $90.4 million and $104.1 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively (see Note 14 — Fair Value Disclosures for fair value information). The related deferred compensation plan liabilities, which were $96.6 million and $110.9 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, are carried at fair value and are adjusted with a corresponding charge or credit to compensation expense to reflect the fair value of the amount owed to the employees. Deferred compensation plan liabilities are recorded in Other liabilities on the Consolidated

Balance Sheets. Compensation expense recognized for all of the Company’s deferred compensation plans was $0.4 million, $1.3 million and $1.9 million in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Defined benefit pension plans. The Company has defined benefit pension plans at several of its international locations. Benefits earned and paid under those plans are generally based on years of service and level of employee compensation. The Company’s vested benefit obligation is the actuarial present value of the vested benefits to which an employee is entitled based on the employee’s expected date of separation or retirement. The Company’s defined benefit pension plans are accounted for in accordance with FASB ASC Topics 715 and 960. The table below presents the components of the Company’s defined benefit pension plan expense for the years ended December 31 (in thousands). The components of pension expense, other than service cost, are recorded in Other income (expense), net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

	2022		2021		2020
Service cost	$	4,173	$	4,511	$	4,421
Interest cost	709		605		718
Expected return on plan assets	(459)		(350)		(493)
Recognition of actuarial loss	264		576		474
Recognition of loss due to settlements	—		286		—
Other	501		—		—
Total defined benefit pension plan expense	$	5,188	$	5,628	$	5,120

The table below presents the key assumptions used in the computation of pension expense for the years ended December 31.

	2022		2021		2020
Weighted average discount rate (1)	1.24	%	0.94	%	1.28	%
Expected return on plan assets	1.58	%	1.19	%	2.04	%
Average compensation increase	2.57	%	2.58	%	2.58	%
Cash balance interest credit rate	1.20	%	0.80	%	1.20	%

(1)Discount rates are typically determined by using the yields on long-term corporate or government bonds in the relevant country with a duration consistent with the expected term of the underlying pension obligations.

The table below provides information regarding changes in the projected benefit obligation of the Company’s defined benefit pension plans for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).

	2022		2021		2020
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year	$	57,973	$	62,297	$	52,503
Service cost	4,173		4,511		4,421
Interest cost	709		605		718
Actuarial (gain) loss due to assumption changes and plan experience (1)	(7,318)		(2,230)		1,516
Benefits payments (2)	(1,225)		(1,198)		(1,438)
Plan amendments	—		269		—
Settlements	—		(1,606)		—
Other	5,685		—		—
Foreign currency impact	(4,686)		(4,675)		4,577
Projected benefit obligation at end of year (3)	$	55,311	$	57,973	$	62,297

The table below presents the key assumptions used in determining the projected benefit obligations at December 31.

	2022		2021		2020
Weighted average discount rate (4)	3.67	%	1.24	%	0.94	%
Average compensation increase	3.37	%	2.57	%	2.58	%
Cash balance interest credit rate	3.60	%	1.20	%	0.80	%

(1)The actuarial (gain) losses were primarily due to changes in the weighted average discount rate assumption.

(2)The Company projects benefit payments will be made in future years directly to plan participants as follows: $2.4 million in 2023; $2.6 million in 2024; $3.0 million in 2025; $3.3 million in 2026; $3.9 million in 2027; and $25.5 million in total in the five years thereafter.

(3)Measured as of December 31.

(4)Discount rates are typically determined by using the yields on long-term corporate or government bonds in the relevant country with a duration consistent with the expected term of the underlying pension obligations.

The tables below provide information regarding the funded status of the Company’s defined benefit pension plans and the related amounts recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31 (in thousands).

Funded status of the plans	2022		2021		2020
Projected benefit obligation	$	55,311	$	57,973	$	62,297
Pension plan assets at fair value (1)	(27,798)		(29,737)		(28,636)
Funded status – shortfall (2)	$	27,513	$	28,236	$	33,661
Accumulated benefit obligation	$	50,335	$	54,701	$	58,963
Amounts recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for the plans
Other liabilities – accrued pension obligation (2)	$	27,513	$	28,236	$	33,661
Stockholders’ equity – deferred actuarial loss (3)	$	(4,247)	$	(6,672)	$	(9,309)

(1)The pension plan assets are held by third-party trustees and are invested in a diversified portfolio of equities, high-quality government and corporate bonds, and other investments. The assets are primarily valued based on Level 1 and Level 2 inputs under the fair value hierarchy in FASB ASC Topic 820, with the majority of the invested assets considered to be of low-to-medium investment risk. The Company projects a future long-term rate of return on these plan assets of 3.90%, which it believes is reasonable based on the composition of the assets and both current and projected market conditions. Additional information regarding pension plan asset activity is provided below.

(2)Funded status – shortfall represents the amount of the projected benefit obligation that the Company has not funded with a third-party trustee. These liabilities of the Company are recorded in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The level of future contributions by the Company will vary and is dependent on a number of factors including investment returns, interest rate fluctuations, plan demographics, funding regulations and the results of the final actuarial valuation.

(3)The deferred actuarial loss as of December 31, 2022 is recorded in AOCI/L and will be reclassified out of AOCI/L and recognized as pension expense over approximately 12 years, subject to certain limitations set forth in FASB ASC Topic 715.

The table below provides a rollforward of the Company’s defined benefit pension plans assets for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).

	2022		2021		2020
Pension plan assets at the beginning of the year	$	29,737	$	28,636	$	23,444
Company contributions	4,450		4,865		3,924
Benefit payments	(1,225)		(1,198)		(1,438)
Actual return on plan assets	(3,072)		1,066		684
Settlements	—		(1,606)		—
Foreign currency impact	(2,092)		(2,026)		2,022
Pension plan assets at the end of the year	$	27,798	$	29,737	$	28,636

The Company also has a reinsurance asset arrangement with a large international insurance company that is intended to fund benefit payments for one of its plans. The reinsurance asset is not a pension plan asset but is an asset of the Company. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the reinsurance asset was recorded at its cash surrender value of $9.1 million and $9.5 million, respectively, and recorded in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company believes that cash surrender value approximates fair value and is equivalent to a Level 2 input under the FASB’s fair value hierarchy in FASB ASC Topic 820.

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Segment Information

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Information

Segment Information

The Company’s products and services are delivered through three segments – Research, Conferences and Consulting, as described below.

•Research equips executives and their teams from every function and across all industries with actionable, objective insight, guidance and tools. Our experienced experts deliver all this value informed by a combination of practitioner-sourced and data-driven research to help our clients address their mission critical priorities.

•Conferences provides executives and teams across an organization the opportunity to learn, share and network. From our Gartner Symposium/Xpo series, to industry-leading conferences focused on specific business roles and topics, to peer-driven sessions, our offerings enable attendees to experience the best of Gartner insight and guidance.

•Consulting serves senior executives leading technology-driven strategic initiatives leveraging the power of Gartner’s actionable, objective insight. Through custom analysis and on-the-ground support we enable optimized technology investments and stronger performance on our clients’ mission critical priorities.

The Company evaluates segment performance and allocates resources based on gross contribution margin. Gross contribution, as presented in the table below, is defined as operating income or loss excluding certain Cost of services and product development expenses, Selling, general and administrative expenses, Depreciation, Amortization of intangibles, and Acquisition and integration charges. Certain bonus and fringe benefit costs included in consolidated Cost of services and product development are not allocated to segment expense. The accounting policies used by the reportable segments are the same as those used by the Company. There are no intersegment revenues. The Company does not identify or allocate tangible assets, including capital expenditures, by reportable segment. Accordingly, tangible assets are not reported by segment because the information is not available by segment and is not reviewed in the evaluation of segment performance or in making decisions regarding the allocation of resources.

The Company earns revenue from clients in many countries. Other than the United States, there is no individual country where revenues from external clients represent 10% or more of the Company’s consolidated revenues. Additionally, no single client accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s consolidated revenues and the loss of a single client, in management’s opinion, would not have a material adverse effect on revenues.

The tables below present information about the Company’s reportable segments for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).

	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Consolidated
2022
Revenues	$	4,604,791	$	389,273	$	481,782	$	5,475,846
Gross contribution	3,414,574		210,726		189,834		3,815,134
Corporate and other expenses							(2,715,028)
Operating income							$	1,100,106
2021
Revenues	$	4,101,392	$	214,449	$	418,121	$	4,733,962
Gross contribution	3,036,925		133,748		158,843		3,329,516
Corporate and other expenses							(2,413,765)
Operating income							$	915,751
2020
Revenues	$	3,602,892	$	120,140	$	376,371	$	4,099,403
Gross contribution	2,597,852		57,302		115,744		2,770,898
Corporate and other expenses							(2,280,748)
Operating income							$	490,150

The table below provides a reconciliation of total segment gross contribution to net income for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).

	2022		2021		2020
Total segment gross contribution	$	3,815,134	$	3,329,516	$	2,770,898
Costs and expenses:
Cost of services and product development - unallocated (1)	33,059		39,647		16,519
Selling, general and administrative	2,480,944		2,155,658		2,038,963
Depreciation and amortization	191,946		212,405		218,984
Acquisition and integration charges	9,079		6,055		6,282
Operating income	1,100,106		915,751		490,150
Interest expense and other, net	(72,911)		(98,191)		(119,203)
Gain on event cancellation insurance claims	—		152,310		—
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—		—		(44,814)
Less: Provision for income taxes	219,396		176,310		59,388
Net income	$	807,799	$	793,560	$	266,745

(1)The unallocated amounts consist of certain bonus and fringe costs recorded in consolidated Cost of services and product development that are not allocated to segment expense. The Company’s policy is to allocate bonuses to segments at 100% of a segment employee’s target bonus. Amounts above or below 100% are absorbed by corporate.

Disaggregated revenue information by reportable segment for the three years ended December 31, 2022 is presented in Note 9 — Revenue and Related Matters. Long-lived asset information by geographic location as of December 31 is summarized in the table below (in thousands).

	2022		2021
Long-lived assets (1):
United States and Canada	$	622,993	$	706,854
Europe, Middle East and Africa	252,573		298,083
Other International	123,138		125,572
Total long-lived assets	$	998,704	$	1,130,509

(1)Excludes goodwill and intangible assets for all dates.

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Contingencies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Contingencies

Contingencies

Legal Matters. The Company is involved in legal proceedings and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company records a provision for pending litigation in its consolidated financial statements when it is determined that an unfavorable outcome is probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company believes that the potential liability, if any, in excess of amounts already accrued from all proceedings, claims and litigation will not have a material effect on its financial position, cash flows or results of operations when resolved in a future period.

Indemnifications. The Company has various agreements that may obligate it to indemnify the other party with respect to certain matters. Generally, these indemnification clauses are included in contracts arising in the normal course of business under which the Company customarily agrees to hold the other party harmless against losses arising from a breach of representations related to matters such as title to assets sold and licensed or certain intellectual property rights. It is not possible to predict the maximum potential amount of future payments under these indemnification agreements due to the conditional nature of the Company’s obligations and the unique facts of each particular agreement. Historically, payments made by the Company under these agreements have not been material. As of December 31, 2022, the Company did not have any material payment obligations under any such indemnification agreements.

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Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts [Abstract]

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

The Company maintains an allowance for bad debt. The table below summarizes the activity in the Company’s allowance for losses for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).

	Balance at Beginning of Year		Additions Charged to Expense		Deductions from the Reserve		Balance at End of Year
2022	$	6,500	$	7,800	$	(5,300)	$	9,000
2021	$	10,000	$	2,800	$	(6,300)	$	6,500
2020	$	8,000	$	16,000	$	(14,000)	$	10,000

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Subsequent Events	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	Subsequent EventOn February 2, 2023, the Company's Board of Directors authorized incremental share repurchases of up to an additional $400.0 million of Gartner's common stock. This authorization is in addition to the previously authorized repurchases of up to $3.8 billion, which as of the end of January 2023 had approximately $606.0 million remaining.

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Business and Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Segments

Segments. Gartner delivers its products and services globally through three business segments: Research, Conferences and Consulting.

Basis of presentation

Basis of presentation. The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”), as defined in the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), for financial information and with the applicable instructions of U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Regulation S-X.

The fiscal year of Gartner is the twelve-month period from January 1 through December 31. All references to 2022, 2021 and 2020 herein refer to the fiscal year unless otherwise indicated. When used in these notes, the terms “Gartner,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer to Gartner, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Principles of consolidation

Principles of consolidation. The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

Use of estimates

Use of estimates. The preparation of the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events. These estimates and the underlying assumptions affect the amounts of assets and liabilities reported, disclosures about contingent assets and liabilities, and reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Such estimates include the valuation of fees receivable, goodwill, intangible assets and other long-lived assets, as well as tax accruals and other liabilities. In addition, estimates are used in revenue recognition, income tax expense or benefit, performance-based compensation charges, depreciation and amortization. Management believes its use of estimates in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements to be reasonable.

Management continually evaluates and revises its estimates using historical experience and other factors, including the general economic environment and actions it may take in the future. Management adjusts these estimates when facts and circumstances dictate. However, these estimates may involve significant uncertainties and judgments and cannot be determined with precision. In addition, these estimates are based on management’s best judgment at a point in time. As a result, differences between our estimates and actual results could be material and would be reflected in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements in future periods.

Business acquisitions

Business acquisitions. The Company accounts for business acquisitions in accordance with the acquisition method of accounting as prescribed by FASB ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations. The acquisition method of accounting requires the Company to record the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date, with certain exceptions. Any excess of the consideration transferred over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired, including identifiable intangible assets, is recorded as goodwill. Under the acquisition method, the operating results of acquired companies are included in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements beginning on the date of acquisition. The Company completed business acquisitions in both 2022 and 2021. Note 2 — Acquisitions and Divestiture provides additional information regarding those business acquisitions.

The determination of the fair values of intangible and other assets acquired in an acquisition requires management judgment and the consideration of a number of factors, including the historical financial performance of acquired businesses and their projected future performance, and estimates surrounding customer turnover, as well as assumptions regarding the level of competition and the costs necessary to reproduce certain assets. Establishing the useful lives of intangible assets also requires management judgment and the evaluation of a number of factors, including the expected use of an asset, historical client retention rates, consumer awareness and trade name history, as well as any contractual provisions that could limit or extend an asset’s useful life.

Charges that are directly related to the Company’s acquisitions and divestitures are expensed as incurred and classified as Acquisition and integration charges in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Revenue recognition

Revenue recognition. The Company’s revenue by significant source is accounted for as follows:

•Research revenues are mainly derived from subscription contracts for research products. The related revenues are deferred and recognized ratably over the applicable contract term. Fees derived from assisting organizations in selecting the right business software for their needs are recognized when the leads are provided to vendors.

•Conferences revenues are deferred and recognized upon the completion of the related conference or meeting.

•Consulting revenues are principally generated from fixed fee or time and materials engagements. Revenues from fixed fee contracts are recognized as the Company works to satisfy its performance obligations. Revenues from time and materials engagements are recognized as work is delivered and/or services are provided. Revenues related to contract optimization engagements are contingent in nature and are only recognized upon satisfaction of all conditions related to their payment.

The majority of the Company’s Research contracts are billable upon signing, absent special terms granted on a limited basis from time to time. Research contracts are generally non-cancelable and non-refundable, except for government contracts that may have cancellation or fiscal funding clauses. It is the Company’s policy to record the amount of a subscription contract that is billable as a fee receivable at the time the contract is signed with a corresponding amount as deferred revenue because the contract represents a legally enforceable claim.

Allowance for losses

Allowance for losses. The Company estimates uncollectible amounts on its fees receivable using a historical loss rate method.

Cost of services and product development

Cost of services and product development (“COS”). COS expense includes the direct costs incurred in the creation and delivery of the Company’s products and services. These costs primarily relate to personnel.

Selling, general and administrative

Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”). SG&A expense includes direct and indirect selling costs, general and administrative costs, facility costs and bad debt expense.

Commission expense

Commission expense. The Company records deferred commissions upon signing a customer contract and amortizes the deferred amount over a period that aligns with the transfer to the customer of the services to which the commissions relate.

Stock-based compensation expense

Stock-based compensation expense. The Company accounts for stock-based compensation awards in accordance with FASB ASC Topics 505 and 718 and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletins No. 107 and No. 110. Stock-based compensation expense for equity awards is based on the fair value of the award on the date of grant. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense over the period that the related service is performed, which is generally the same as the vesting period of the underlying award. Forfeitures are recognized as they occur. A change in any of the terms or conditions of stock-based compensation awards is accounted for as a modification of the award. Incremental compensation cost is measured as the excess, if any, of the fair value of the modified award over the fair value of the original award immediately before its terms are modified, measured based on the fair value of the awards at the modification date. For vested awards, the Company recognizes incremental compensation cost in the period the modification occurs. For unvested awards, the Company recognizes any incremental compensation expense at the modification date or ratably over the requisite remaining service period, as appropriate. If the fair value of the modified award is lower than the fair value of the original award immediately before modification, the minimum compensation cost the Company recognizes is the cost of the original award.

Income taxes

Income taxes. The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. The Company estimates its income taxes in each of the jurisdictions where it operates. This process involves estimating the Company’s current tax expense or benefit together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. When assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, the Company considers if it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In making this assessment, the Company considers the availability of loss carryforwards, projected reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained based on the technical merits of the position. Recognized tax positions are measured at the largest amount of benefit with greater than a 50% likelihood of being realized. The Company uses estimates in determining the amount of unrecognized tax benefits associated with uncertain tax positions. Significant judgment is required in evaluating tax law and measuring the benefits likely to be realized. Uncertain tax positions are periodically re-evaluated and adjusted as more information about their ultimate realization becomes available.

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash. Cash and cash equivalents includes cash and all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, which are considered to be cash equivalents. The carrying value of cash equivalents approximates fair value due to the short-term maturity of such instruments. Investments with maturities of more than three months are classified as marketable securities. Interest earned is recorded in Interest income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Leases

Leases. ASC 842 requires accounting for leases under a right-of-use model whereby a lessee must record a right-of-use asset and a related lease liability on its balance sheet for most of its leases. Under ASC 842, leases are classified as either operating or finance arrangements, with such classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in an entity’s income statement. For operating leases, ASC 842 requires recognition in an entity’s income statement of a single lease cost, calculated so that the cost of the lease is allocated over the lease term, generally on a straight-line basis. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, as a result and in consideration of the changing nature of the Company’s use of office space for its workforce and the transitioning to a virtual-first hybrid, remote-work environment, the Company evaluated its existing real estate lease portfolio. As a result of the evaluation, the Company recognized impairment losses of $54.0 million and $49.5 million during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Note 7 — Leases provides additional information regarding the Company’s leases.

Property, equipment and leasehold improvements

Property, equipment and leasehold improvements. Equipment, leasehold improvements and other fixed assets owned by the Company are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Fixed assets, other than leasehold improvements, are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the underlying asset. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the improvement or the remaining term of the related lease.

Goodwill

Goodwill. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of acquired businesses over the estimated fair values of the tangible and identifiable intangible net assets acquired. Evaluations of the recoverability of goodwill are performed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 350, which requires an annual assessment of potential goodwill impairment at the reporting unit level and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable.

When performing the annual assessment of the recoverability of goodwill, the Company initially performs a qualitative analysis evaluating whether any events or circumstances occurred or exist that provide evidence that it is more likely than not that the fair value of any of the Company’s reporting units is less than the related carrying amount. If the Company does not believe that it is more likely than not that the fair value of any of the Company’s reporting units is less than the related carrying amount, then no quantitative impairment test is performed. However, if the results of the qualitative assessment indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its respective carrying amount, then the Company performs a quantitative impairment test. Evaluating the recoverability of goodwill requires judgments and assumptions regarding future trends and events. As a result, both the precision and reliability of management estimates are subject to uncertainty.

The Company’s most recent annual impairment test of goodwill was a qualitative analysis conducted during the quarter ended September 30, 2022 that indicated no impairment. Subsequent to completing the 2022 annual impairment test, no events or changes in circumstances were noted that required an interim goodwill impairment test. Note 3 — Goodwill and Intangible Assets provides additional information regarding the Company’s goodwill.

Finite-Lived Intangible assets

Finite-lived intangible assets. The Company has finite-lived intangible assets that are amortized using the straight-line method over the expected useful life of the underlying asset.

Impairment of long-lived assets

Impairment of long-lived assets. The Company’s long-lived assets primarily consist of intangible assets other than goodwill, right-of-use assets and property, equipment and leasehold improvements. The Company reviews its long-lived asset groups for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or an asset group may not be recoverable. Such evaluation may be based on a number of factors, including current and projected operating results and cash flows, and changes in management’s strategic direction as well as external economic and market factors. The Company evaluates the recoverability of assets and asset groups by determining whether their carrying values can be recovered through undiscounted future operating cash flows. If events or circumstances indicate that the carrying values might not be recoverable based on undiscounted future operating cash flows, an impairment loss may be recognized. The amount of impairment is measured based on the difference between the projected discounted future operating cash flows, using a discount rate reflecting the Company’s average cost of funds, and the carrying value of the asset or asset group.

Debt

Debt. The Company presents amounts borrowed in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, net of deferred financing fees. Interest accrued on amounts borrowed is recorded as Interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Foreign currency exposure

Foreign currency exposure. The functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is typically the local currency. All assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Income and expense items are translated at average exchange rates throughout the year. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded as foreign currency translation adjustments, a component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net within Stockholders’ Equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Currency transaction gains or losses arising from transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of a subsidiary are recognized in results of operations as part of Other income (expense), net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Fair value disclosures

Fair value disclosures. The Company has a limited number of assets and liabilities that are adjusted to fair value at each balance sheet date.

Concentrations of credit risk

Concentrations of credit risk. Assets that may subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of short-term, highly liquid investments classified as cash equivalents, fees receivable, contract assets, interest rate swaps and a pension reinsurance asset. The majority of the Company’s cash equivalent investments and its interest rate swap contracts are with investment grade commercial banks. Fees receivable and contract asset balances deemed to be collectible from customers have limited concentration of credit risk due to the Company’s diverse customer base and geographic dispersion. The Company’s pension reinsurance asset (see Note 15 — Employee Benefits) is maintained with a large international insurance company that was rated investment grade as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Stock repurchase programs

Stock repurchase programs. The Company records the cost to repurchase shares of its own common stock as treasury stock. Shares repurchased by the Company are added to treasury shares and are not retired. Note 8 — Stockholders’ Equity provides additional information regarding the Company’s common stock repurchase activity.

Adoption of new accounting standards

Adoption of new accounting standards. The Company adopted the accounting standard described below during 2022.

Business Combinations — In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, Business Combinations, Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers (“ASU No. 2021-08”). ASU No. 2021-08 provides guidance for a business combination on how to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities from revenue contracts with customers and other contracts that apply the provisions of ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Specifically, the proposed amendments would require that an entity (acquirer) recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with ASC Topic 606. Generally, this would result in an acquirer recognizing and measuring the acquired contract assets and contract liabilities consistent with how they were recognized and measured in the acquiree’s financial statements (if the acquiree prepared financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP). The rule will be effective for public entities on January 1, 2023, with early adoption permitted. Gartner elected to adopt ASU No. 2021-08 effective January 1, 2022. ASU No. 2021-08 will not impact acquired contract assets or liabilities from business combinations occurring prior to January 1, 2022, and the impact in future periods will depend on the contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in future business combinations.

Government Assistance — In November 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-10, Government Assistance (Topic 832), Disclosures by Business Entities about Government Assistance (“ASU No. 2021-10”). ASU No, 2021-10 requires business entities to annually disclose information about certain government assistance they receive. The rule will be effective for public entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021. The Company adopted ASU No. 2021-10 in 2022 and the adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statement disclosures.

Accounting standard issued but not yet adopted. The FASB has issued an accounting standard that has not yet become effective as of December 31, 2022 and may impact the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements or related disclosures in future periods. The standard and its potential impact are discussed below.

Reference Rate Reform — In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform—Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (“ASU No. 2020-04”). ASU No. 2020-04 provides that an entity can elect not to apply certain required modification accounting in U.S. GAAP to contracts where all changes to the critical terms relate to reference rate reform (e.g., the expected discontinuance of LIBOR and the transition to an alternative reference interest rate, etc.). In addition, the rule provides optional expedients and exceptions that enable entities to continue to apply hedge accounting for hedging relationships where one or more of the critical terms change due to reference rate reform. The rule became effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 and will generally no longer be available to apply after December 31, 2022. ASU No. 2022-06, which was issued in December 2022, extended the deadline to December 31, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of ASU No. 2020-04, as amended by ASU No. 2022-06, on its Consolidated Financial Statements, including the rule’s potential impact on any debt modifications or other contractual changes in the future that may result from reference rate reform. However, the Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2020-04, as amended by ASU No. 2022-06, to have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Business and Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Schedule of Cash and Cash Equivalents

Below is a table presenting the beginning-of-period and end-of-period cash amounts from the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets and the total cash amounts presented in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands).

	December 31,
	2022		2021		2020		2019
Cash and cash equivalents	$	697,999	$	756,493	$	712,583	$	280,836
Restricted cash classified in (1):
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	—		4,109		—		—
Other assets	600		—		—		—
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash per the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	$	698,599	$	760,602	$	712,583	$	280,836

(1)Restricted cash consists of escrow accounts established in connection with certain of the Company’s business acquisitions. Generally, such cash is restricted to use due to provisions contained in the underlying stock or asset purchase agreement. The Company will disburse the restricted cash to the sellers of the businesses upon satisfaction of any contingencies described in such agreements (e.g., potential indemnification claims, etc.).

Restrictions on Cash and Cash Equivalents

Below is a table presenting the beginning-of-period and end-of-period cash amounts from the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets and the total cash amounts presented in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands).

	December 31,
	2022		2021		2020		2019
Cash and cash equivalents	$	697,999	$	756,493	$	712,583	$	280,836
Restricted cash classified in (1):
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	—		4,109		—		—
Other assets	600		—		—		—
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash per the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	$	698,599	$	760,602	$	712,583	$	280,836

(1)Restricted cash consists of escrow accounts established in connection with certain of the Company’s business acquisitions. Generally, such cash is restricted to use due to provisions contained in the underlying stock or asset purchase agreement. The Company will disburse the restricted cash to the sellers of the businesses upon satisfaction of any contingencies described in such agreements (e.g., potential indemnification claims, etc.).

Schedule of Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net are presented in the table below (in thousands).

	Useful Life	December 31,
Category	(Years)	2022		2021
Computer equipment and software	2 - 7	$	258,843	$	304,386
Furniture and equipment	3 - 8	89,559		97,050
Leasehold improvements	2 - 15	220,509		253,451
Total cost		568,911		654,887
Less — accumulated depreciation and amortization		(304,330)		(381,325)
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net		$	264,581	$	273,562

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of changes to the carrying amount of goodwill by segment

The table below presents changes to the carrying amount of goodwill by segment during the two-year period ended December 31, 2022 (in thousands).

	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
Balance at December 31, 2020 (1)	$	2,664,732	$	184,091	$	96,724	$	2,945,547
Additions due to an acquisition (2)	11,486		—		—		11,486
Foreign currency translation impact	(5,284)		(70)		(362)		(5,716)
Balance at December 31, 2021 (1)	2,670,934		184,021		96,362		2,951,317
Additions due to an acquisition (2)	4,617		—		—		4,617
Reclassified as held-for-sale (3)	(16,000)		—		—		(16,000)
Foreign currency translation impact	(8,358)		(70)		(1,295)		(9,723)
Balance at December 31, 2022 (1)	$	2,651,193	$	183,951	$	95,067	$	2,930,211

(1)The Company does not have any accumulated goodwill impairment losses.

(2)The additions were due to the acquisition of Pulse in June 2021 and UpCity in October 2022 See Note 2 — Acquisitions and Divestiture for additional information.

(3)Represents amounts reclassified to Assets Held for Sale due to the pending divestiture of the Company’s TalentNeuron business. See Note 2 — Acquisitions and Divestiture for additional information. The amount of goodwill allocated to the pending divestiture was determined using a relative fair value approach.

Schedule of amortizable intangible assets

Changes in finite-lived intangible assets during the two-year period ended December 31, 2022 are presented in the tables below (in thousands).

December 31, 2022	Customer Relationships		Technology-related		Other		Total
Gross cost at December 31, 2021	1,096,358		61,216		10,436		$	1,168,010
Reclassified as held-for-sale (2)	—		(49,487)		—		(49,487)
Foreign currency translation impact	(35,817)		(529)		—		(36,346)
Gross cost	1,060,541		11,200		10,436		1,082,177
Accumulated amortization (3)	(486,260)		(5,600)		(5,603)		(497,463)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	574,281	$	5,600	$	4,833	$	584,714

December 31, 2021	Customer Relationships		Technology-related		Content		Other		Total
Gross cost at December 31, 2020	$	1,154,210	$	110,597	$	3,965	$	10,614	$	1,279,386
Additions due to an acquisition (1)	7,980		11,200		—		320		19,500
Intangible assets fully amortized	(61,422)		(60,685)		(3,965)		(498)		(126,570)
Foreign currency translation impact	(4,410)		104		—		—		(4,306)
Gross cost	1,096,358		61,216		—		10,436		1,168,010
Accumulated amortization (3)	(413,266)		(35,727)		—		(4,599)		(453,592)
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	683,092	$	25,489	$	—	$	5,837	$	714,418

(1)The additions were due to the acquisition of Pulse in June 2021. See Note 2 — Acquisitions and Divestiture for additional information.

(2)Represents amounts reclassified to Assets Held for Sale due to the pending divestiture of the Company’s TalentNeuron business. See Note 2 — Acquisitions and Divestiture for additional information.

(3)Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method over the following periods: Customer relationships—6 to 13 years; Technology-related—3 to 7 years; and Other —4 to 11 years.

Schedule of estimated future amortization expense by year

The estimated future amortization expense by year for finite-lived intangible assets is presented in the table below (in thousands).

2023	$	90,771
2024	88,858
2025	80,191
2026	77,516
2027	76,908
2028 and thereafter	170,470
	$	584,714

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Other Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Other Assets

The Company’s other assets are summarized in the table below (in thousands).

	December 31,
	2022		2021
Benefit plan-related assets	$	99,527	$	113,553
Non-current deferred tax assets	138,318		140,004
Other	59,686		55,132
Total other assets	$	297,531	$	308,689

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Accounts Payable and Accrued and Other Liabilities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Schedule of Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities

The Company’s Accounts payable and accrued liabilities are summarized in the table below (in thousands).

	December 31,
	2022		2021
Accounts payable	$	83,225	$	49,277
Payroll and employee benefits payable	221,242		233,704
Bonus payable	254,675		243,459
Commissions payable	168,042		201,397
Income tax payable	76,383		18,717
VAT payable	43,187		48,834
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	99,717		89,754
Other accrued liabilities	168,727		249,672
Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	1,115,198	$	1,134,814

Schedule of Other Liabilities

The Company’s Other liabilities are summarized in the table below (in thousands).

	December 31,
	2022		2021
Non-current deferred revenues	$	39,115	$	48,176
Long-term taxes payable	92,812		76,806
Benefit plan-related liabilities	124,378		139,097
Non-current deferred tax liabilities	139,531		181,789
Other	27,628		66,019
Total other liabilities	$	423,464	$	511,887

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Debt (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Debt

The Company’s total outstanding borrowings are summarized in the table below (in thousands).

	December 31,
Description	2022		2021
2020 Credit Agreement - Term loan facility (1)	$	282,200	$	287,600
2020 Credit Agreement - Revolving credit facility (1), (2)	—		—
Senior Notes due 2028 (“2028 Notes”) (3)	800,000		800,000
Senior Notes due 2029 (“2029 Notes”) (4)	600,000		600,000
Senior Notes due 2030 (“2030 Notes”) (5)	800,000		800,000
Other (6)	5,000		5,531
Principal amount outstanding (7)	2,487,200		2,493,131
Less: deferred financing fees (8)	(25,793)		(30,367)
Net balance sheet carrying amount	$	2,461,407	$	2,462,764

(1)The contractual annualized interest rate as of December 31, 2022 on the 2020 Credit Agreement Term loan facility and the Revolving credit facility was 5.81%, which consisted of a floating Eurodollar base rate of 4.438% plus a margin of 1.375%. However, the Company has interest rate swap contracts that effectively convert the floating Eurodollar base rates on outstanding amounts to a fixed base rate.

(2)The Company had approximately $1.0 billion of available borrowing capacity on the 2020 Credit Agreement revolver (not including the expansion feature) as of December 31, 2022.

(3)Consists of $800.0 million principal amount of 2028 Notes outstanding. The 2028 Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.50% and mature on July 1, 2028.

(4)Consists of $600.0 million principal amount of 2029 Notes outstanding. The 2029 Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 3.625% and mature on June 15, 2029.

(5)Consists of $800.0 million principal amount of 2030 Notes outstanding. The 2030 Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 3.75% and mature on October 1, 2030.

(6)Consists of two State of Connecticut economic development loans. One of the loans originated in 2012, has a 10-year maturity and bears interest at a fixed rate of 3.00%. This loan had an outstanding balance of $0.5 million as of December 31, 2021 and matured as of December 31, 2022. The second loan, originated in 2019, has a 10-year maturity, bears interest at a fixed rate of 1.75% and may be repaid at any time by the Company without penalty.

(7)The weighted average annual effective rate on the Company’s outstanding debt for 2022, including the effects of its interest rate swaps discussed below, was 4.73%.

(8)Deferred financing fees are being amortized to Interest expense over the term of the related debt obligation.

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Leases (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Leases [Abstract]

Lease costs

The table below presents the Company’s net lease cost and certain other information related to the Company’s leasing activities as of and for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 (dollars in thousands).

	Year Ended December 31,
Description	2022			2021			2020
Operating lease cost (1)	$	117,750		$	130,383		$	140,829
Variable lease cost (2)	15,209			17,940			17,463
Sublease income	(46,698)			(42,801)			(38,925)
Total lease cost, net (3) (4)	$	86,261		$	105,522		$	119,367
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease   liabilities	$	137,399		$	140,571		$	137,790
Cash receipts from sublease arrangements	$	46,159		$	42,374		$	38,565
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	20,597		$	33,113		$	27,258
As of December 31,	2022			2021			2020
Weighted average remaining lease term for operating leases (in years)	7.9			8.7			9.6
Weighted average discount rate for operating leases	6.6		%	6.5		%	6.6		%

(1)Included in operating lease cost was $41.9 million, $42.3 million and $42.2 million of costs for subleasing activities during 2022, 2021, and 2020 respectively.

(2)These amounts are primarily variable lease and nonlease costs that were not fixed at the lease commencement date or are dependent on something other than an index or a rate.

(3)The Company did not capitalize any initial direct costs for operating leases during 2022, 2021, or 2020.

(4)Amount excludes impairment charges of $54.0 million and $49.5 million, for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, as discussed below.

Operating lease maturity schedule

As of December 31, 2022, the (i) maturities of operating lease liabilities under non-cancelable arrangements and (ii) estimated future sublease cash receipts from non-cancelable arrangements were as follows (in thousands):

	Operating		Sublease
	Lease		Cash
Period ending December 31,	Payments		Receipts
2023	$	142,251	$	52,286
2024	130,395		42,906
2025	114,233		43,226
2026	111,257		44,008
2027	107,228		44,889
Thereafter	299,612		25,022
Total future minimum operating lease payments and estimated sublease cash receipts (1)	904,976		$	252,337
Imputed interest	(207,992)
Total operating lease liabilities per the Consolidated Balance Sheet	$	696,984

(1)Approximately 80% of the operating lease payments pertain to properties in the United States.

Supplemental balance sheet information

The table below indicates where the discounted operating lease payments from the above table are classified in the Consolidated Balance Sheet (in thousands).

	December 31,
Description	2022		2021
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	99,717	$	89,754
Operating lease liabilities	597,267		697,766
Total operating lease liabilities per the Consolidated Balance Sheet	$	696,984	$	787,520

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Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Transactions Relating to Common Stock

The table below summarizes transactions relating to the Company’s common stock for the three years ended December 31, 2022.

	Issued Shares	Treasury Stock Shares
Balance at December 31, 2019	163,602,067	74,444,288
Issuances under stock plans	—	(820,065)
Purchases for treasury (1), (2)	—	1,135,762
Balance at December 31, 2020	163,602,067	74,759,985
Issuances under stock plans	—	(807,320)
Purchases for treasury (1)	—	7,252,839
Balance at December 31, 2021	163,602,067	81,205,504
Issuances under stock plans	—	(599,081)
Purchases for treasury (1)	—	3,822,090
Balance at December 31, 2022	163,602,067	84,428,513

(1)The Company used a total of $1.0 billion, $1.7 billion and $0.2 billion in cash for share repurchases during 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

(2)The number of shares repurchased in 2020 includes shares repurchased in December 2020 that settled in January 2021.

Schedule of the changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss by component (net of tax)

The tables below provide information about the changes in AOCI/L by component and the related amounts reclassified out of AOCI/L to income during the years indicated (net of tax, in thousands) (1).

Year Ended December 31, 2022

	Interest Rate Swaps		Defined Benefit Pension Plans		Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments		Total
Balance - December 31, 2021	$	(56,323)	$	(6,672)	$	(18,436)	$	(81,431)
Other comprehensive income (loss) activity during the year:
Change in AOCI/L before reclassifications to income	—		2,244		(39,679)		(37,435)
Reclassifications from AOCI/L to income (2), (3)	17,075		181		—		17,256
Other comprehensive income (loss), net for the year	17,075		2,425		(39,679)		(20,179)
Balance - December 31, 2022	$	(39,248)	$	(4,247)	$	(58,115)	$	(101,610)

Year Ended December 31, 2021

	Interest Rate Swaps		Defined Benefit Pension Plans		Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments		Total
Balance - December 31, 2020	$	(78,104)	$	(9,309)	$	(11,815)	$	(99,228)
Other comprehensive income (loss) activity during the year:
Change in AOCI/L before reclassifications to income	—		2,232		(6,621)		(4,389)
Reclassifications from AOCI/L to income (2), (3)	21,781		405		—		22,186
Other comprehensive income (loss), net for the year	21,781		2,637		(6,621)		17,797
Balance - December 31, 2021	$	(56,323)	$	(6,672)	$	(18,436)	$	(81,431)

(1)Amounts in parentheses represent debits (deferred losses).

(2)$22.6 million and $29.1 million of the reclassifications related to interest rate swaps (cash flow hedges) were recorded in Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. See Note 6 — Debt and Note 13 — Derivatives and Hedging for information regarding the cash flow hedges.

(3)The reclassifications related to defined benefit pension plans were primarily recorded in Selling, general and administrative expense, net of tax effect. See Note 15 — Employee Benefits for information regarding the Company’s defined benefit pension plans.

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Revenue and Related Matters (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue by Reportable Segment

Disaggregated revenue by reportable segment is presented in the tables below for the years indicated (in thousands).

By Primary Geographic Market (1)

Year Ended December 31, 2022

Primary Geographic Market	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
United States and Canada	$	3,056,096	$	263,165	$	300,121	$	3,619,382
Europe, Middle East and Africa	1,017,860		88,979		127,820		1,234,659
Other International	530,835		37,129		53,841		621,805
Total revenues	$	4,604,791	$	389,273	$	481,782	$	5,475,846

Year Ended December 31, 2021

Primary Geographic Market	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
United States and Canada	$	2,655,534	$	146,707	$	246,661	$	3,048,902
Europe, Middle East and Africa	958,339		47,883		124,757		1,130,979
Other International	487,519		19,859		46,703		554,081
Total revenues	$	4,101,392	$	214,449	$	418,121	$	4,733,962

Year Ended December 31, 2020

Primary Geographic Market	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
United States and Canada	$	2,339,482	$	75,024	$	223,318	$	2,637,824
Europe, Middle East and Africa	826,752		28,108		111,413		966,273
Other International	436,658		17,008		41,640		495,306
Total revenues	$	3,602,892	$	120,140	$	376,371	$	4,099,403

(1)Revenue is reported based on where the sale is fulfilled.

Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue

Year Ended December 31, 2022

Timing of Revenue Recognition	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
Transferred over time (1)	$	4,182,747	$	—	$	378,062	$	4,560,809
Transferred at a point in time (2)	422,044		389,273		103,720		915,037
Total revenues	$	4,604,791	$	389,273	$	481,782	$	5,475,846

Year Ended December 31, 2021

Timing of Revenue Recognition	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
Transferred over time (1)	$	3,740,694	$	—	$	334,945	$	4,075,639
Transferred at a point in time (2)	360,698		214,449		83,176		658,323
Total revenues	$	4,101,392	$	214,449	$	418,121	$	4,733,962

Year Ended December 31, 2020

Timing of Revenue Recognition	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
Transferred over time (1)	$	3,313,111	$	—	$	296,546	$	3,609,657
Transferred at a point in time (2)	289,781		120,140		79,825		489,746
Total revenues	$	3,602,892	$	120,140	$	376,371	$	4,099,403

(1)Research revenues were recognized in connection with performance obligations that were satisfied over time using a time-elapsed output method to measure progress. Consulting revenues were recognized over time using labor hours as an input measurement basis.

(2)The revenues in this category were recognized in connection with performance obligations that were satisfied at the point in time that the contractual deliverables were provided to the customer.

Schedule for Contract with Customer, Asset and Liability

The table below provides information regarding certain of the Company’s balance sheet accounts that pertain to its contracts with customers (in thousands).

	December 31,
	2022		2021
Assets:
Fees receivable, gross (1)	$	1,565,786	$	1,371,680
Contract assets recorded in Prepaid expenses and other current assets (2)	$	21,183	$	20,054
Contract liabilities:
Deferred revenues (current liability) (3)	$	2,443,762	$	2,238,035
Non-current deferred revenues recorded in Other liabilities (3)	39,115		48,176
Total contract liabilities	$	2,482,877	$	2,286,211

(1)Fees receivable represent an unconditional right of payment from the Company’s customers and include both billed and unbilled amounts.

(2)Contract assets represent recognized revenue for which the Company does not have an unconditional right to payment as of the balance sheet date because the project may be subject to a progress billing milestone or some other billing restriction.

(3)Deferred revenues represent amounts (i) for which the Company has received an upfront customer payment or (ii) that pertain to recognized fees receivable. Both situations occur before the completion of the Company’s performance obligation(s).

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Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Schedule of stock-based compensation expense by award type

The tables below summarize the Company’s stock-based compensation expense by award type and expense category line item during the years ended December 31 (in millions).

Award type	2022		2021		2020
Stock appreciation rights	$	8.8	$	8.2	$	7.8
Restricted stock units (1)	81.0		89.6		54.1
Common stock equivalents	0.8		0.8		0.7
Total (2)	$	90.6	$	98.6	$	62.6

Schedule of stock-based compensation expense by expense category

Expense category line item	2022		2021		2020
Cost of services and product development	$	32.7	$	35.0	$	29.7
Selling, general and administrative	57.9		63.6		32.9
Total (1) (2)	$	90.6	$	98.6	$	62.6

(1)On February 5, 2020, prior to the COVID-19 related shutdown in the U.S., the Compensation Committee (“Committee”) of the Board of Directors of the Company established performance measures for the performance-based restricted stock units (the “PSUs”) awarded to the Company’s executive officers in 2020 under the Plan. Based on preliminary corporate performance results for the 2020 performance measures, the 2020 PSUs would have been earned at 50% of target. However, on February 3, 2021, the Committee determined to use its discretion under the Plan to approve a payout at 95% of target. In deciding to exercise this discretion to adjust the performance-based RSU payout, the Committee considered the Company’s strong overall performance in 2020 despite the significant negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. As a

result of the modification, the Company recognized $6.5 million of incremental compensation cost during the year ended December 31, 2021.

(2)Includes charges of $32.2 million, $41.2 million and $17.9 million during 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, for awards to retirement-eligible employees. Those awards vest on an accelerated basis.

Schedule of fair value assumptions of SARS

The fair value of a SARs award is determined on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton valuation model with the following weighted average assumptions for the years ended December 31:

	2022		2021		2020
Expected dividend yield (1)	—	%	—	%	—	%
Expected stock price volatility (2)	33	%	31	%	23	%
Risk-free interest rate (3)	1.8	%	0.4	%	1.5	%
Expected life in years (4)	4.59		4.74		4.68

(1)The expected dividend yield assumption was based on both the Company’s historical and anticipated dividend payouts. Historically, the Company has not paid cash dividends on its Common Stock.

(2)The determination of expected stock price volatility was based on both historical Common Stock prices and implied volatility from publicly traded options in the Common Stock.

(3)The risk-free interest rate was based on the yield of a U.S. Treasury security with a maturity similar to the expected life of the award.

(4)The expected life represents the Company’s estimate of the weighted average period of time the SARs are expected to be outstanding (that is, the period between the service inception date and the expected exercise date).

Stock Appreciation Rights (SARs)

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Schedule of summary of the changes in SARS, RSUs, and CSEs outstanding

The table below summarizes changes in SARs outstanding during the year ended December 31, 2022.

	Units of SARs (in millions)	Per Share Weighted Average Exercise Price		Per Share Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
Outstanding at December 31, 2021	0.8	$	145.36	$	34.72	4.45
Granted	0.1	302.90		92.56		6.11
Exercised	(0.1)	124.20		28.26		n/a
Outstanding at December 31, 2022 (1) (2)	0.8	$	168.16	$	42.99	3.89
Vested and exercisable at December 31, 2022 (2)	0.4	$	135.43	$	31.36	2.97

n/a = not applicable

(1)As of December 31, 2022, 0.4 million of the total SARs outstanding were unvested. The Company expects that substantially all of those unvested awards will vest in future periods.

(2)As of December 31, 2022, the total SARs outstanding had an intrinsic value of $140.5 million. On such date, SARs vested and exercisable had an intrinsic value of $86.4 million.

Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Schedule of summary of the changes in SARS, RSUs, and CSEs outstanding

The table below summarizes the changes in RSUs outstanding during the year ended December 31, 2022.

	Units of RSUs (in millions)	Per Share Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2021	1.1	$	160.04
Granted (1)	0.5	301.38
Vested and released	(0.5)	152.13
Forfeited	(0.1)	195.86
Outstanding at December 31, 2022 (2) (3)	1.0	$	211.25

(1)The 0.5 million of RSUs granted during 2022 consisted of 0.2 million of performance-based RSUs awarded to executives and 0.3 million of service-based RSUs awarded to non-executive employees and non-management board members. The performance-based awards include RSUs in final adjustments of 2021 grants and approximately 0.1 million of RSUs representing the target amount of the grant for 2022 that is tied to an increase in Gartner’s contract value for such year. The number of performance-based RSUs for 2022 that holders could receive ranges from 0% to 200% of the target amount based on the extent to which the corresponding performance goals have been achieved and subject to certain other conditions. Any adjustments in the number of performance-based RSUs under the 2022 grant will be made in 2023.

(2)The Company expects that substantially all of the RSUs outstanding will vest in future periods.

(3)As of December 31, 2022, the weighted average remaining contractual term of the RSUs outstanding was approximately 1.1 years.

Common Stock Equivalents

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Schedule of summary of the changes in SARS, RSUs, and CSEs outstanding

The table below summarizes the changes in CSEs outstanding during the year ended December 31, 2022.

	Units of CSEs	Per Share Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2021	114,318	$	31.15
Granted	2,641	287.83
Converted to shares of Common Stock upon grant	(1,680)	283.58
Outstanding at December 31, 2022	115,279	$	33.35

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Computation of Earnings Per Share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Reconciliation of the Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share Computations

The table below sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted income per share for the years ended December 31 (in thousands, except per share data).

	2022		2021		2020
Numerator:
Net income used for calculating basic and diluted income per share	$	807,799	$	793,560	$	266,745
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares used in the calculation of basic income per share	80,178		85,026		89,315
Dilutive effect of outstanding awards associated with stock-based compensation plans	889		1,151		702
Shares used in the calculation of diluted income per share	81,067		86,177		90,017
Income per share (1):
Basic	$	10.08	$	9.33	$	2.99
Diluted	$	9.96	$	9.21	$	2.96

(1)Both basic and diluted income per share for 2021 and 2020 included a tax benefit of approximately $0.63 and $0.31 per share, respectively, related to intercompany sales of certain intellectual property (see Note 12 — Income Taxes).

Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share

The table below presents the number of outstanding awards associated with stock-based compensation plans that were not included in the computations of diluted income per share in the above table because the effect would have been anti-dilutive. During years with net income, the outstanding awards were anti-dilutive because their exercise prices were greater than the average market price per share of Common Stock during such year.

	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Anti-dilutive outstanding awards associated with stock-based compensation plans (in millions) (1)	0.1		—		0.5
Average market price per share of Common Stock during the year	$	289.73	$	252.07	$	130.95

(1)The number of anti-dilutive common stock equivalents for 2021 was de minimis.

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Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Income before Income Taxes

Below is a summary of the components of the Company’s income before income taxes for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).

	2022		2021		2020
U.S.	$	560,193	$	485,472	$	111,880
Non-U.S.	467,002		484,398		214,253
Income before income taxes	$	1,027,195	$	969,870	$	326,133

Schedule of Components of Income Tax

The components of the expense (benefit) for income taxes on the above income are summarized in the table below (in thousands).

	2022		2021		2020
Current tax expense:
U.S. federal	$	122,191	$	117,024	$	14,480
State and local	48,482		36,266		16,360
Foreign	91,596		64,835		62,993
Total current	262,269		218,125		93,833
Deferred tax (benefit) expense:
U.S. federal	(21,337)		(4,640)		(7,206)
State and local	(10,108)		3,156		(13,121)
Foreign	(4,232)		(33,389)		(22,673)
Total deferred	(35,677)		(34,873)		(43,000)
Total current and deferred	226,592		183,252		50,833
(Expense) benefit relating to interest rate swaps used to increase equity	(5,569)		(7,281)		8,257
Benefit from stock transactions with employees used to increase equity	66		78		56
Benefit relating to defined-benefit pension adjustments used to increase equity	(1,693)		261		242
Total tax expense	$	219,396	$	176,310	$	59,388

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

The components of long-term deferred tax assets (liabilities) are summarized in the table below (in thousands).

	December 31,
	2022		2021
Accrued liabilities	$	72,610	$	90,384
Operating leases	63,289		60,226
Intangible assets	35,803		—
Loss and credit carryforwards	37,978		31,662
Assets relating to equity compensation	19,299		15,863
Other assets	16,638		12,195
Gross deferred tax assets	245,617		210,330
Valuation allowance	(152,808)		(23,331)
Net deferred tax assets	92,809		186,999
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements	(1,856)		(14,576)
Intangible assets	—		(123,523)
Prepaid expenses	(69,230)		(70,149)
Other liabilities	(22,936)		(20,536)
Gross deferred tax liabilities	(94,022)		(228,784)
Net deferred tax liabilities	$	(1,213)	$	(41,785)

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation

The items comprising the differences between the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate and the Company’s effective tax rate on income before income taxes for the years ended December 31 are summarized in the table below.

	2022		2021		2020
Statutory tax rate	21.0	%	21.0	%	21.0	%
State income taxes, net of federal benefit	2.4		2.8		1.7
Effect of non-U.S. operations	(2.0)		(3.4)		(1.8)
Intercompany sale of intellectual property	—		(5.6)		(8.7)
Net activity in recognized tax benefits	(1.1)		1.3		6.4
Law changes	—		1.3		1.8
Stock-based compensation expense	(2.0)		(2.0)		(2.8)
Limitation on executive compensation	1.4		1.7		1.3
Global intangible low-taxed income, net of foreign tax credits	1.9		1.7		1.4
Foreign-derived intangible income	(0.4)		(0.3)		(0.8)
Other items, net	0.2		(0.3)		(1.3)
Effective tax rate	21.4	%	18.2	%	18.2	%

Schedule of Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Unrecognized Tax Benefits

The table below is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of gross unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).

	2022		2021
Beginning balance	$	150,024	$	127,080
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year	10,989		29,636
Additions for tax positions of prior years	12,153		2,756
Reductions for tax positions of prior years	(485)		(4,592)
Reductions for expiration of statutes	(30,817)		(3,240)
Settlements	(2,177)		(147)
Change in foreign currency exchange rates	(2,460)		(1,469)
Ending balance	$	137,227	$	150,024

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Derivatives and Hedging (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Notional Amounts of Outstanding Derivative Positions

Derivative Contract Type	Number of Contracts	Notional Amounts		Fair Value Asset (Liability), Net (3)		Balance Sheet Line Item	Unrealized Loss Recorded in AOCI/L
Interest rate swap (1)	1	$	350,000	$	3,952	Other assets	$	(39,248)
				6,346		Other current assets
Foreign currency forwards (2)	138	687,763		625		Other current assets	—
Total	139	$	1,037,763	$	10,923		$	(39,248)

December 31, 2021

Derivative Contract Type	Number of Contracts	Notional Amounts		Fair Value Asset (Liability), Net (3)		Balance Sheet Line Item	Unrealized Loss Recorded in AOCI/L
Interest rate swaps (1)	4	$	1,400,000	$	(31,942)	Other liabilities	$	(56,323)
				(21,795)		Accrued liabilities
Foreign currency forwards (2)	138	533,506		(91)		Accrued liabilities	—
Total	142	$	1,933,506	$	(53,828)		$	(56,323)

(1)As a result of the payment under the then outstanding 2016 Credit Agreement term loan and revolving credit facility, the Company de-designated all of its interest rate swaps effective June 30, 2020. Accordingly, hedge accounting is not applicable, and subsequent changes to fair value of the interest rate swaps are recorded in Other income (expense), net. The amounts previously recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss are amortized into Interest expense over the terms of the hedged forecasted interest payments. Note 6 — Debt provides additional information regarding the Company’s interest rate swap contracts.

(2)The Company has foreign exchange transaction risk because it typically enters into transactions in the normal course of business that are denominated in foreign currencies that differ from the local functional currency. The Company enters into short-term foreign currency forward exchange contracts to mitigate the cash flow risk associated with changes in foreign currency rates on forecasted foreign currency transactions. These contracts are accounted for at fair value with realized and unrealized gains and losses recognized in Other income (expense), net because the Company does not designate these contracts as hedges for accounting purposes. All of the outstanding foreign currency forward exchange contracts at December 31, 2022 matured before January 31, 2023.

(3)See Note 14 — Fair Value Disclosures for the determination of the fair values of these instruments.

Schedule of Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) in Statement of Financial Performance

The table below provides information regarding amounts recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for derivative contracts for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).

Amount Recorded In	2022		2021		2020
Interest expense, net (1)	$	22,643	$	29,061	$	24,880
Other (income) expense, net (2)	(20,397)		(18,844)		22,300
Total expense, net	$	2,246	$	10,217	$	47,180

(1)Consists of interest expense from interest rate swap contracts.

(2)Consists of net realized and unrealized gains and losses on foreign currency forward contracts, gains and losses on de-designated interest rate swaps. For the year ended December 31, 2020, Other (income) expense, net included $10.3 million expense on interest rate swap contracts due to forecasted interest payments no longer being probable as a result of the payment under the then outstanding 2016 Credit Agreement term loan and revolving credit facility on June 30, 2020.

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Fair Value Disclosures (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Assets and Liabilities Measured to Fair Value on Recurring Basis

The table below presents the fair value of certain financial assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value and measured on a recurring basis in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands).

	December 31,
Description	2022		2021
Assets:
Values based on Level 1 inputs:
Deferred compensation plan assets (1)	$	6,065	$	7,428
Total Level 1 inputs	6,065		7,428
Values based on Level 2 inputs:
Deferred compensation plan assets (1)	84,318		96,627
Foreign currency forward contracts (2)	3,236		1,122
Interest rate swap contract (3)	10,298		—
Total Level 2 inputs	97,852		97,749
Total Assets	$	103,917	$	105,177
Liabilities:
Values based on Level 2 inputs:
Deferred compensation plan liabilities (1)	$	96,641	$	110,861
Foreign currency forward contracts (2)	2,611		1,213
Interest rate swap contracts (3)	—		53,737
Total Level 2 inputs	99,252		165,811
Total Liabilities	$	99,252	$	165,811

(1)The Company has a deferred compensation plan for the benefit of certain highly compensated officers, managers and other key employees (see Note 15 — Employee Benefits). The assets consist of investments in money market funds, mutual funds and company-owned life insurance contracts. The money market funds consist of cash equivalents while the mutual fund investments consist of publicly-traded and quoted equity shares. The Company considers the fair values of these assets to be based on Level 1 inputs, and such assets had fair values of $6.1 million and $7.4 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The carrying amounts of the life insurance contracts equal their cash surrender values. Cash

surrender value represents the estimated amount that the Company would receive upon termination of a contract, which approximates fair value. The Company considers life insurance contracts to be valued based on Level 2 inputs, and such assets had fair values of $84.3 million and $96.6 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The related deferred compensation plan liabilities are recorded at fair value, or the estimated amount needed to settle the liability, which the Company considers to be a Level 2 input.

(2)The Company enters into foreign currency forward exchange contracts to hedge the effects of adverse fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates (see Note 13 — Derivatives and Hedging). Valuation of these contracts is based on observable foreign currency exchange rates in active markets, which the Company considers to be a Level 2 input.

(3)The Company has interest rate swap contracts that hedge the risk of variability from interest payments on its borrowings (see Note 6 — Debt). The fair values of interest rate swaps are based on mark-to-market valuations prepared by a third-party broker. Those valuations are based on observable interest rates from recently executed market transactions and other observable market data, which the Company considers to be Level 2 inputs. The Company independently corroborates the reasonableness of the valuations prepared by the third-party broker by using an electronic quotation service.

Schedule of Carrying Values and Estimated Fair Values of Debt Instruments

The table below presents the carrying amounts (net of deferred financing costs) and fair values of financial instruments that are not recorded at fair value in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands). The estimated fair value of the financial instruments was derived from quoted market prices provided by an independent dealer, which the Company considers to be a Level 2 input.

 

	Carrying Amount				Fair Value
	December 31,				December 31,
Description	2022		2021		2022		2021
2028 Notes	$	792,934	$	791,833	$	740,864	$	836,632
2029 Notes	593,951		593,139		523,842		608,346
2030 Notes	792,324		791,491		688,856		816,208
Total	$	2,179,209	$	2,176,463	$	1,953,562	$	2,261,186

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Employee Benefits (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Defined Benefit Pension Expense

The table below presents the components of the Company’s defined benefit pension plan expense for the years ended December 31 (in thousands). The components of pension expense, other than service cost, are recorded in Other income (expense), net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

	2022		2021		2020
Service cost	$	4,173	$	4,511	$	4,421
Interest cost	709		605		718
Expected return on plan assets	(459)		(350)		(493)
Recognition of actuarial loss	264		576		474
Recognition of loss due to settlements	—		286		—
Other	501		—		—
Total defined benefit pension plan expense	$	5,188	$	5,628	$	5,120

Schedule of Assumptions Used in the Computation of Pension Expense

The table below presents the key assumptions used in the computation of pension expense for the years ended December 31.

	2022		2021		2020
Weighted average discount rate (1)	1.24	%	0.94	%	1.28	%
Expected return on plan assets	1.58	%	1.19	%	2.04	%
Average compensation increase	2.57	%	2.58	%	2.58	%
Cash balance interest credit rate	1.20	%	0.80	%	1.20	%

(1)Discount rates are typically determined by using the yields on long-term corporate or government bonds in the relevant country with a duration consistent with the expected term of the underlying pension obligations.

Schedule of Changes in the Projected Benefit Obligation

The table below provides information regarding changes in the projected benefit obligation of the Company’s defined benefit pension plans for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).

	2022		2021		2020
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year	$	57,973	$	62,297	$	52,503
Service cost	4,173		4,511		4,421
Interest cost	709		605		718
Actuarial (gain) loss due to assumption changes and plan experience (1)	(7,318)		(2,230)		1,516
Benefits payments (2)	(1,225)		(1,198)		(1,438)
Plan amendments	—		269		—
Settlements	—		(1,606)		—
Other	5,685		—		—
Foreign currency impact	(4,686)		(4,675)		4,577
Projected benefit obligation at end of year (3)	$	55,311	$	57,973	$	62,297

The table below presents the key assumptions used in determining the projected benefit obligations at December 31.

	2022		2021		2020
Weighted average discount rate (4)	3.67	%	1.24	%	0.94	%
Average compensation increase	3.37	%	2.57	%	2.58	%
Cash balance interest credit rate	3.60	%	1.20	%	0.80	%

(1)The actuarial (gain) losses were primarily due to changes in the weighted average discount rate assumption.

(2)The Company projects benefit payments will be made in future years directly to plan participants as follows: $2.4 million in 2023; $2.6 million in 2024; $3.0 million in 2025; $3.3 million in 2026; $3.9 million in 2027; and $25.5 million in total in the five years thereafter.

(3)Measured as of December 31.

(4)Discount rates are typically determined by using the yields on long-term corporate or government bonds in the relevant country with a duration consistent with the expected term of the underlying pension obligations.

Schedule of Funded Status of the Plans and Related Amounts Recorded in Consolidated Balance Sheet

The tables below provide information regarding the funded status of the Company’s defined benefit pension plans and the related amounts recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31 (in thousands).

Funded status of the plans	2022		2021		2020
Projected benefit obligation	$	55,311	$	57,973	$	62,297
Pension plan assets at fair value (1)	(27,798)		(29,737)		(28,636)
Funded status – shortfall (2)	$	27,513	$	28,236	$	33,661
Accumulated benefit obligation	$	50,335	$	54,701	$	58,963
Amounts recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for the plans
Other liabilities – accrued pension obligation (2)	$	27,513	$	28,236	$	33,661
Stockholders’ equity – deferred actuarial loss (3)	$	(4,247)	$	(6,672)	$	(9,309)

(1)The pension plan assets are held by third-party trustees and are invested in a diversified portfolio of equities, high-quality government and corporate bonds, and other investments. The assets are primarily valued based on Level 1 and Level 2 inputs under the fair value hierarchy in FASB ASC Topic 820, with the majority of the invested assets considered to be of low-to-medium investment risk. The Company projects a future long-term rate of return on these plan assets of 3.90%, which it believes is reasonable based on the composition of the assets and both current and projected market conditions. Additional information regarding pension plan asset activity is provided below.

(2)Funded status – shortfall represents the amount of the projected benefit obligation that the Company has not funded with a third-party trustee. These liabilities of the Company are recorded in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The level of future contributions by the Company will vary and is dependent on a number of factors including investment returns, interest rate fluctuations, plan demographics, funding regulations and the results of the final actuarial valuation.

(3)The deferred actuarial loss as of December 31, 2022 is recorded in AOCI/L and will be reclassified out of AOCI/L and recognized as pension expense over approximately 12 years, subject to certain limitations set forth in FASB ASC Topic 715.

Schedule of Defined Benefit Pension Plans Assets

The table below provides a rollforward of the Company’s defined benefit pension plans assets for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).

	2022		2021		2020
Pension plan assets at the beginning of the year	$	29,737	$	28,636	$	23,444
Company contributions	4,450		4,865		3,924
Benefit payments	(1,225)		(1,198)		(1,438)
Actual return on plan assets	(3,072)		1,066		684
Settlements	—		(1,606)		—
Foreign currency impact	(2,092)		(2,026)		2,022
Pension plan assets at the end of the year	$	27,798	$	29,737	$	28,636

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Segment Information (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of Segment Reporting Information by Segment

The tables below present information about the Company’s reportable segments for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).

	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Consolidated
2022
Revenues	$	4,604,791	$	389,273	$	481,782	$	5,475,846
Gross contribution	3,414,574		210,726		189,834		3,815,134
Corporate and other expenses							(2,715,028)
Operating income							$	1,100,106
2021
Revenues	$	4,101,392	$	214,449	$	418,121	$	4,733,962
Gross contribution	3,036,925		133,748		158,843		3,329,516
Corporate and other expenses							(2,413,765)
Operating income							$	915,751
2020
Revenues	$	3,602,892	$	120,140	$	376,371	$	4,099,403
Gross contribution	2,597,852		57,302		115,744		2,770,898
Corporate and other expenses							(2,280,748)
Operating income							$	490,150

Schedule of Reconciliation of Segment Gross Contribution to Net Income

The table below provides a reconciliation of total segment gross contribution to net income for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).

	2022		2021		2020
Total segment gross contribution	$	3,815,134	$	3,329,516	$	2,770,898
Costs and expenses:
Cost of services and product development - unallocated (1)	33,059		39,647		16,519
Selling, general and administrative	2,480,944		2,155,658		2,038,963
Depreciation and amortization	191,946		212,405		218,984
Acquisition and integration charges	9,079		6,055		6,282
Operating income	1,100,106		915,751		490,150
Interest expense and other, net	(72,911)		(98,191)		(119,203)
Gain on event cancellation insurance claims	—		152,310		—
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—		—		(44,814)
Less: Provision for income taxes	219,396		176,310		59,388
Net income	$	807,799	$	793,560	$	266,745

(1)The unallocated amounts consist of certain bonus and fringe costs recorded in consolidated Cost of services and product development that are not allocated to segment expense. The Company’s policy is to allocate bonuses to segments at 100% of a segment employee’s target bonus. Amounts above or below 100% are absorbed by corporate.

Schedule of Revenue from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets by Geographical Areas

Disaggregated revenue information by reportable segment for the three years ended December 31, 2022 is presented in Note 9 — Revenue and Related Matters. Long-lived asset information by geographic location as of December 31 is summarized in the table below (in thousands).

	2022		2021
Long-lived assets (1):
United States and Canada	$	622,993	$	706,854
Europe, Middle East and Africa	252,573		298,083
Other International	123,138		125,572
Total long-lived assets	$	998,704	$	1,130,509

(1)Excludes goodwill and intangible assets for all dates.

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Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts [Abstract]

Summary of Valuation Allowance

The table below summarizes the activity in the Company’s allowance for losses for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).

	Balance at Beginning of Year		Additions Charged to Expense		Deductions from the Reserve		Balance at End of Year
2022	$	6,500	$	7,800	$	(5,300)	$	9,000
2021	$	10,000	$	2,800	$	(6,300)	$	6,500
2020	$	8,000	$	16,000	$	(14,000)	$	10,000

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Business and Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) segment country enterprise	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Business and Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number of enterprises served | enterprise		15,000
Number of countries in which entity operates | country		90
Number of reportable segments | segment		3
Loss on impairment of lease related assets, net	$ 49,500,000	$ 53,970,000	$ 49,537,000	$ 0
Depreciation expense		93,410,000	102,802,000	93,925,000
Net capitalized development costs for internal use software	$ 65,500,000	84,000,000	65,500,000
Amortization of capitalized internal software development costs		39,600,000	34,600,000	28,900,000
Goodwill, impairment loss		0
Foreign currency transaction gain (loss)		25,600,000	(3,700,000)	12,500,000
Derivative instruments, gain (loss) recognized in income, net		(2,246,000)	(10,217,000)	(47,180,000)
Proceeds from event cancellation insurance claims			166,900,000
Gain on event cancellation insurance claims		0	152,310,000	0
Selling, general and administrative
Business and Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Loss on impairment of lease related assets, net		54,000,000
Foreign currency exchange contracts
Business and Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Derivative instruments, gain (loss) recognized in income, net		$ 31,900,000	$ 1,400,000	$ 14,100,000

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Business and Significant Accounting Policies - Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 697,999	$ 756,493	$ 712,583	$ 280,836
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	0	4,109	0	0
Other assets	600	0	0	0
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash per the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	$ 698,599	$ 760,602	$ 712,583	$ 280,836

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Business and Significant Accounting Policies - Property, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements, Less Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, gross	$ 568,911	$ 654,887
Less — accumulated depreciation and amortization	(304,330)	(381,325)
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net	264,581	273,562
Computer equipment and software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, gross	$ 258,843	304,386
Computer equipment and software | Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Life	2 years
Computer equipment and software | Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Life	7 years
Furniture and equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, gross	$ 89,559	97,050
Furniture and equipment | Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Life	3 years
Furniture and equipment | Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Life	8 years
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, gross	$ 220,509	$ 253,451
Leasehold improvements | Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Life	2 years
Leasehold improvements | Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Life	15 years

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Acquisitions and Divestiture (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Feb. 02, 2023	Jun. 17, 2021
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash paid for acquisition net of cash acquired			$ 9,508	$ 22,939	$ 0
Payment for contingent consideration liability, investing activities			4,100
Assets held-for-sale			49,036	0
Liabilities held-for-sale			30,840	0
Acquisition and integration charges			9,079	6,055	$ 6,282
Deferred consideration				2,300
TalentNeuron
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Assets held-for-sale			49,000
Liabilities held-for-sale			30,800
Goodwill			16,000
Intangible assets, net			9,500
Accounts receivable			15,900
Deferred revenue			27,100
TalentNeuron | Subsequent Event
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Sale of business, consideration						$ 164,000
Chicago, Illinois
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Percent of outstanding membership interests acquired	100.00%
Purchase price	$ 6,400
Pulse Q&A Inc.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Percent of outstanding membership interests acquired		100.00%
Purchase price		$ 29,900
Cash paid for acquisition net of cash acquired				$ 22,900
Future compensation expense			$ 4,500
Acquired finite lived intangible assets and goodwill							$ 31,000
Acquired other liabilities							$ 1,100

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Changes to the Carrying Amount of Goodwill by Segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	$ 2,951,317	$ 2,945,547
Additions due to acquisition	4,617	11,486
Foreign currency translation impact	(9,723)	(5,716)
Reclassified as held-for-sale	(16,000)
Ending Balance	2,930,211	2,951,317
Research
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	2,670,934	2,664,732
Additions due to acquisition	4,617	11,486
Foreign currency translation impact	(8,358)	(5,284)
Reclassified as held-for-sale	(16,000)
Ending Balance	2,651,193	2,670,934
Conferences
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	184,021	184,091
Additions due to acquisition	0	0
Foreign currency translation impact	(70)	(70)
Reclassified as held-for-sale	0
Ending Balance	183,951	184,021
Consulting
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	96,362	96,724
Additions due to acquisition	0	0
Foreign currency translation impact	(1,295)	(362)
Reclassified as held-for-sale	0
Ending Balance	$ 95,067	$ 96,362

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Carrying Amounts of Amortizable Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Gross cost, beginning balance	$ 1,168,010	$ 1,279,386
Reclassified as held-for-sale	(49,487)
Foreign currency translation impact	(36,346)	(4,306)
Additions due to an acquisition		19,500
Intangible assets fully amortized		(126,570)
Gross cost, ending balance	1,082,177	1,168,010	$ 1,279,386
Accumulated amortization	(497,463)	(453,592)
Finite-lived intangible assets, net	584,714	714,418
Amortization of intangibles	98,536	109,603	125,059
Customer Relationships
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Gross cost, beginning balance	1,096,358	1,154,210
Reclassified as held-for-sale	0
Foreign currency translation impact	(35,817)	(4,410)
Additions due to an acquisition		7,980
Intangible assets fully amortized		(61,422)
Gross cost, ending balance	1,060,541	1,096,358	1,154,210
Accumulated amortization	(486,260)	(413,266)
Finite-lived intangible assets, net	$ 574,281	683,092
Customer Relationships | Minimum
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Remaining amortization period	6 years
Customer Relationships | Maximum
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Remaining amortization period	13 years
Technology-related
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Gross cost, beginning balance	$ 61,216	110,597
Reclassified as held-for-sale	(49,487)
Foreign currency translation impact	(529)	104
Additions due to an acquisition		11,200
Intangible assets fully amortized		(60,685)
Gross cost, ending balance	11,200	61,216	110,597
Accumulated amortization	(5,600)	(35,727)
Finite-lived intangible assets, net	$ 5,600	25,489
Technology-related | Minimum
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Remaining amortization period	3 years
Technology-related | Maximum
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Remaining amortization period	7 years
Content
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Gross cost, beginning balance	$ 0	3,965
Foreign currency translation impact		0
Additions due to an acquisition		0
Intangible assets fully amortized		(3,965)
Gross cost, ending balance		0	3,965
Accumulated amortization		0
Finite-lived intangible assets, net		0
Other
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Gross cost, beginning balance	10,436	10,614
Reclassified as held-for-sale	0
Foreign currency translation impact	0	0
Additions due to an acquisition		320
Intangible assets fully amortized		(498)
Gross cost, ending balance	10,436	10,436	$ 10,614
Accumulated amortization	(5,603)	(4,599)
Finite-lived intangible assets, net	$ 4,833	$ 5,837
Other | Minimum
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Remaining amortization period	4 years
Other | Maximum
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Remaining amortization period	11 years

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Estimated Future Amortization Expense By Year From Amortizable Intangibles (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Estimated Future Amortization Expense
2023	$ 90,771
2024	88,858
2025	80,191
2026	77,516
2027	76,908
2028 and thereafter	170,470
Finite-lived intangible assets, net	$ 584,714	$ 714,418

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Other Assets - Composition of Other Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Benefit plan-related assets	$ 99,527	$ 113,553
Non-current deferred tax assets	138,318	140,004
Other	59,686	55,132
Total other assets	$ 297,531	$ 308,689

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Accounts Payable and Accrued and Other Liabilities - Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Accounts payable	$ 83,225	$ 49,277
Payroll and employee benefits payable	221,242	233,704
Bonus payable	254,675	243,459
Commissions payable	168,042	201,397
Income tax payable	76,383	18,717
VAT payable	43,187	48,834
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	99,717	89,754
Other accrued liabilities	168,727	249,672
Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$ 1,115,198	$ 1,134,814
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities	Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities

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Accounts Payable and Accrued and Other Liabilities - Other Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Non-current deferred revenues	$ 39,115	$ 48,176
Long-term taxes payable	92,812	76,806
Benefit plan-related liabilities	124,378	139,097
Non-current deferred tax liabilities	139,531	181,789
Other	27,628	66,019
Total other liabilities	$ 423,464	$ 511,887

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Debt - Borrowings (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount outstanding	$ 2,487,200	$ 2,493,131
Less: deferred financing fees	(25,793)	(30,367)
Net balance sheet carrying amount	2,461,407	2,462,764
Term Loan Facility | 2020 Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount outstanding	282,200	287,600
Line of Credit | Revolving Credit Facility | 2020 Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount outstanding	0	0
Senior Notes | 2028 Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount outstanding	800,000	800,000
Senior Notes | 2029 Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount outstanding	600,000	600,000
Senior Notes | 2030 Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount outstanding	800,000	800,000
Other
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount outstanding	$ 5,000	$ 5,531

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Debt - Footnote to Borrowings (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) loan	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Jun. 18, 2021 USD ($)	Sep. 28, 2020 USD ($)	Jun. 22, 2020 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount outstanding	$ 2,487,200,000	$ 2,493,131,000
Weighted average annual effect rate	4.73%
Term Loan Facility | 2020 Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Contractual annualized interest rate	5.81%
Floating eurodollar base rate	4.438%
Additional interest above base rate	1.375%
Aggregate principal amount				$ 400,000,000
Principal amount outstanding	$ 282,200,000	287,600,000
Line of Credit | Revolving Credit Facility | 2020 Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Remaining borrowing capacity	1,000,000,000
Principal amount outstanding	0	0
Senior Notes | 2028 Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount	$ 800,000,000				$ 800,000,000
Debt instrument, fixed interest rate	4.50%				4.50%
Principal amount outstanding	$ 800,000,000	800,000,000
Senior Notes | 2029 Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount	$ 600,000,000		$ 600,000,000
Debt instrument, fixed interest rate	3.625%		3.625%
Principal amount outstanding	$ 600,000,000	600,000,000
Senior Notes | 2030 Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount	$ 800,000,000			$ 800,000,000
Debt instrument, fixed interest rate	3.75%
Principal amount outstanding	$ 800,000,000	$ 800,000,000
Connecticut Economic Development Program
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Number of loans | loan	2
Connecticut Economic Development Program | Economic Development Loan 1
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, fixed interest rate	3.00%
Debt term	10 years
Principal amount outstanding	$ 500,000
Connecticut Economic Development Program | Economic Development Loan 2
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, fixed interest rate	1.75%
Debt term	10 years

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Debt - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)				12 Months Ended
	Jun. 18, 2021	Sep. 28, 2020	Jun. 22, 2020	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Repayments of long-term debt				$ 5,931,000	$ 107,915,000	$ 2,058,469,000
2029 Notes | Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount	$ 600,000,000			$ 600,000,000
Debt instrument, fixed interest rate	3.625%			3.625%
Debt Instrument, Issue Price, Percentage	100.00%
2029 Notes | Senior Notes | Debt Instrument Redemption Option One
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Percentage of principal amount redeemed	40.00%
2030 Notes | Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount		$ 800,000,000		$ 800,000,000
Debt instrument, fixed interest rate				3.75%
Debt Instrument, Issue Price, Percentage		100.00%
Percentage of principal amount redeemed		40.00%
2028 Notes | Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount			$ 800,000,000	$ 800,000,000
Debt instrument, fixed interest rate			4.50%	4.50%
Debt Instrument, Issue Price, Percentage			100.00%
Percentage of principal amount redeemed			40.00%
2020 Credit Agreement | Variable Rate Component One | Federal Reserve Board of New York Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate		0.50%
2020 Credit Agreement | Term Loan Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount		$ 400,000,000
Repayments of long-term debt		100,000,000
2020 Credit Agreement | Line of Credit | Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity		$ 1,000,000,000

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Debt - Interest Rate Swaps (Details) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) contract	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) contract
Derivative [Line Items]
Number of contracts | contract		139		142
Interest rate swap contracts total notional value		$ 1,037,763		$ 1,933,506
Interest rate swap
Derivative [Line Items]
Interest rate swap contracts total notional value			$ 700,000
Term of contract		30 days
Derivative, cash received	$ 500
Loss on release of interest rate swap recognized in AOCI		$ 52,300
Net negative fair value (liability)		10,300		(53,700)
Interest rate swap | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net
Derivative [Line Items]
Net negative fair value (liability)		$ 39,200		$ 56,300
Interest rate swap | Minimum
Derivative [Line Items]
Fixed interest rate		3.04%
Interest rate swap | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period One
Derivative [Line Items]
Number of contracts | contract		1
Interest rate swap contracts total notional value		$ 350,000
Interest rate swap | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Two
Derivative [Line Items]
Interest rate swap contracts total notional value	$ 350,000

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Leases - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Renewal term		10 years
Option to terminate, term		1 year
Loss on impairment of lease related assets, net	$ 49,500,000	$ 53,970,000	$ 49,537,000	$ 0
Increase (decrease) in operating lease liability	(19,300,000)
Right-of-use assets
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Loss on impairment of lease related assets, net	50,900,000	40,700,000
Leasehold improvements
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Loss on impairment of lease related assets, net	$ 17,900,000	$ 13,300,000

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Leases - Net Lease Costs (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease cost		$ 117,750,000	$ 130,383,000	$ 140,829,000
Variable lease cost		15,209,000	17,940,000	17,463,000
Sublease income		(46,698,000)	(42,801,000)	(38,925,000)
Total lease cost, net		86,261,000	105,522,000	119,367,000
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities		137,399,000	140,571,000	137,790,000
Cash receipts from sublease arrangements		46,159,000	42,374,000	38,565,000
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities		$ 20,597,000	$ 33,113,000	$ 27,258,000
Weighted average remaining lease term for operating leases (in years)	8 years 8 months 12 days	7 years 10 months 24 days	8 years 8 months 12 days	9 years 7 months 6 days
Weighted average discount rate for operating leases	6.50%	6.60%	6.50%	6.60%
Cost of subleasing activities		$ 41,900,000	$ 42,300,000	$ 42,200,000
Loss on impairment of lease related assets, net	$ 49,500,000	$ 53,970,000	$ 49,537,000	$ 0

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Leases - Lease Maturity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Operating Lease Payments
2023	$ 142,251
2024	130,395
2025	114,233
2026	111,257
2027	107,228
Thereafter	299,612
Total future minimum operating lease payments	904,976
Imputed interest	(207,992)
Total operating lease liabilities per the Consolidated Balance Sheet	696,984	$ 787,520
Sublease Cash Receipts
2023	52,286
2024	42,906
2025	43,226
2026	44,008
2027	44,889
Thereafter	25,022
Total future estimated sublease cash receipts	$ 252,337
UNITED STATES
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Percentage of lease payments	80.00%

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Leases - Supplemental Balance Sheet Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Leases [Abstract]
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$ 99,717	$ 89,754
Operating lease liabilities	597,267	697,766
Total operating lease liabilities per the Consolidated Balance Sheet	$ 696,984	$ 787,520
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

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Stockholders' Equity - Narrative (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) vote $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)
Equity [Abstract]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.0005		$ 0.0005
Common stock, number of votes per share | vote	1
Share repurchase program, authorized amount				$ 1,200.0
Stock repurchase program, additional authorized amount		$ 1,000.0	$ 1,600.0
Stock repurchase program, remaining authorized repurchase amount	$ 606.0
Losses expected to be reclassified in next twelve months	$ 20.1

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Stockholders' Equity - Summary of Transactions Relating to Common Stock (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Common Stock Outstanding Roll Forward [Roll Forward]
Payments for purchases of treasury stock	$ 1,043,742	$ 1,655,547	$ 176,302
Treasury Stock
Common Stock Outstanding Roll Forward [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance (in shares)	81,205,504	74,759,985	74,444,288
Issuances under stock plans (in shares)	(599,081)	(807,320)	(820,065)
Purchases for treasury (in shares)	3,822,090	7,252,839	1,135,762
Ending balance (in shares)	84,428,513	81,205,504	74,759,985
Common Stock
Common Stock Outstanding Roll Forward [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance (in shares)	163,602,067	163,602,067	163,602,067
Issuances under stock plans (in shares)	0	0	0
Purchases for treasury (in shares)	0	0	0
Ending balance (in shares)	163,602,067	163,602,067	163,602,067

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Stockholders' Equity - Changes in AOCL/I by Component (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	$ 371,058	$ 1,090,428	$ 938,593
Change in AOCI/L before reclassifications to income	(37,435)	(4,389)
Reclassifications from AOCI/L to income	17,256	22,186
Other comprehensive income (loss), net for the year	(20,179)	17,797	(21,290)
Ending Balance	227,798	371,058	1,090,428
Derivative reclassifications	(2,246)	(10,217)	(47,180)
Interest rate swaps - net change in deferred gain or loss	17,075	21,781	(30,940)
Interest rate swap
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Derivative reclassifications	22,600	29,100
Interest rate swap | Other Expense
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Interest rate swaps - net change in deferred gain or loss	10,300
Interest Rate Swaps
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	(56,323)	(78,104)
Change in AOCI/L before reclassifications to income	0	0
Reclassifications from AOCI/L to income	17,075	21,781
Other comprehensive income (loss), net for the year	17,075	21,781
Ending Balance	(39,248)	(56,323)	(78,104)
Defined Benefit Pension Plans
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	(6,672)	(9,309)
Change in AOCI/L before reclassifications to income	2,244	2,232
Reclassifications from AOCI/L to income	181	405
Other comprehensive income (loss), net for the year	2,425	2,637
Ending Balance	(4,247)	(6,672)	(9,309)
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	(18,436)	(11,815)
Change in AOCI/L before reclassifications to income	(39,679)	(6,621)
Reclassifications from AOCI/L to income	0	0
Other comprehensive income (loss), net for the year	(39,679)	(6,621)
Ending Balance	(58,115)	(18,436)	(11,815)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	(81,431)	(99,228)	(77,938)
Ending Balance	$ (101,610)	$ (81,431)	$ (99,228)

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Revenue and Related Matters - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) segment	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Number of reportable segments | segment	3
Revenue recognized previously attributable to deferred revenues	$ 1,900.0	$ 1,600.0	$ 1,500.0
Amortization of deferred sales commissions	$ 562.1	$ 472.5	$ 440.5
Minimum
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of subscription contracts billable upon signing for twelve months of service	80.00%
Maximum
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of subscription contracts billable upon signing for twelve months of service	85.00%
Research | Product Concentration Risk | Revenue from Contract with Customer Benchmark
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	91.00%

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Revenue and Related Matters - Disaggregation of Revenue by Geographic Area (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	$ 5,475,846	$ 4,733,962	$ 4,099,403
United States and Canada
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	3,619,382	3,048,902	2,637,824
Europe, Middle East and Africa
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	1,234,659	1,130,979	966,273
Other International
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	621,805	554,081	495,306
Research
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	4,604,791	4,101,392	3,602,892
Research | United States and Canada
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	3,056,096	2,655,534	2,339,482
Research | Europe, Middle East and Africa
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	1,017,860	958,339	826,752
Research | Other International
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	530,835	487,519	436,658
Conferences
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	389,273	214,449	120,140
Conferences | United States and Canada
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	263,165	146,707	75,024
Conferences | Europe, Middle East and Africa
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	88,979	47,883	28,108
Conferences | Other International
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	37,129	19,859	17,008
Consulting
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	481,782	418,121	376,371
Consulting | United States and Canada
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	300,121	246,661	223,318
Consulting | Europe, Middle East and Africa
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	127,820	124,757	111,413
Consulting | Other International
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	$ 53,841	$ 46,703	$ 41,640

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Revenue and Related Matters - Timing Of Revenue Recognition Liabilities per Segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	$ 5,475,846	$ 4,733,962	$ 4,099,403
Transferred over time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	4,560,809	4,075,639	3,609,657
Transferred at a point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	915,037	658,323	489,746
Research
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	4,604,791	4,101,392	3,602,892
Research | Transferred over time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	4,182,747	3,740,694	3,313,111
Research | Transferred at a point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	422,044	360,698	289,781
Conferences
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	389,273	214,449	120,140
Conferences | Transferred over time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	0	0	0
Conferences | Transferred at a point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	389,273	214,449	120,140
Consulting
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	481,782	418,121	376,371
Consulting | Transferred over time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	378,062	334,945	296,546
Consulting | Transferred at a point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	$ 103,720	$ 83,176	$ 79,825

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Revenue and Related Matters - Revenue Remaining Performance Obligation (Details) $ in Billions	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation	$ 5.2
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2023-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation	$ 3.0
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period	1 year
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation	$ 1.7
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period	1 year
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2025-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation	$ 0.5
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period	1 year

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Revenue and Related Matters - Schedule of Contract with Customer, Asset and Liability (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Assets:
Fees receivable, gross	$ 1,565,786	$ 1,371,680
Contract assets recorded in Prepaid expenses and other current assets	21,183	20,054
Contract liabilities:
Deferred revenues	2,443,762	2,238,035
Non-current deferred revenues recorded in Other liabilities	39,115	48,176
Total contract liabilities	$ 2,482,877	$ 2,286,211

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Stock-Based Compensation - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares available for grant (in shares)	4,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0005	$ 0.0005
Total share-based compensation cost not yet recognized	$ 118,400,000
Remaining weighted average service period	2 years 4 months 24 days
Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan	$ 22,231,000	$ 18,173,000	$ 18,085,000
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Employee stock purchase plan, stock purchases as a percentage of employee compensation, maximum	10.00%
Maximum share value authorized for purchase under employee stock purchase plan	$ 23,750
Exercisable price percentage of closing price of another class of stock	95.00%
Maximum number of shares that may be purchased by eligible participants	3,300,000
Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan	$ 22,200,000	$ 18,200,000	$ 18,100,000
Stock appreciation rights
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Remaining weighted average service period	6 years 1 month 9 days
Award vesting period	4 years
Award expiry period from date of grant	7 years
Total compensation cost not yet recognized, period for recognition	4 years
Restricted stock units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common shares per vested award (in shares)	1
Restricted stock units | Service-based Awards
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period	4 years
Restricted stock units | Performance-based RSUs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period	4 years
CSEs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common shares per vested award (in shares)	1
Base fee percentage	50.00%

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Stock-Based Compensation - Stock-based Compensation Expense by Award Type and Expense Category (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions			12 Months Ended
	Feb. 03, 2021	Feb. 05, 2020	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense			$ 90.6	$ 98.6	$ 62.6
Cost of services and product development
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense			32.7	35.0	29.7
Selling, general and administrative
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense			57.9	63.6	32.9
Stock appreciation rights
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense			8.8	8.2	7.8
Restricted stock units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense			81.0	89.6	54.1
Common stock equivalents
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense			0.8	0.8	0.7
Retirement Eligible Employees Equity Award
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense			$ 32.2	41.2	$ 17.9
Performance-based RSUs | Executives
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense				$ 6.5
Target performance percentage	95.00%	50.00%

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Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Changes in SARs Outstanding (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
Granted	2 years 4 months 24 days
Stock appreciation rights
SARs
Outstanding, Beginning Balance (in shares)	0.8
Granted (in shares)	0.1
Exercised (in shares)	(0.1)
Outstanding, Ending Balance (in shares)	0.8	0.8
Vested and exercisable, ending balance (in shares)	0.4
Per Share Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding, Beginning Balance (in dollars per share)	$ 145.36
Granted (in dollars per share)	302.90
Exercised (in dollars per share)	124.20
Outstanding, Ending Balance (in dollars per share)	168.16	$ 145.36
Vested and exercisable, ending balance (in Dollars per share)	135.43
Per Share Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding, Beginning Balance (in dollars per share)	34.72
Granted (in dollars per share)	92.56
Exercised (in Dollars per share)	28.26
Outstanding, Ending Balance (in dollars per share)	42.99	$ 34.72
Vested and exercisable, ending balance (in Dollars per share)	$ 31.36
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
Weighted average remaining contractual terms	3 years 10 months 20 days	4 years 5 months 12 days
Granted	6 years 1 month 9 days
Weighted average remaining contractual terms vested and exercisable	2 years 11 months 19 days
Unvested SARs (in shares)	0.8	0.8
Aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding shares	$ 140.5
Aggregate intrinsic value of shares vested and exercisable	$ 86.4
Stock appreciation rights | Unvested
SARs
Outstanding, Ending Balance (in shares)	0.4
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
Unvested SARs (in shares)	0.4

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Stock-Based Compensation - Weighted-Average Assumptions Used to Determine Fair Value of SARs Grants on Date of Grant Using Black-Scholes-Merton Valuation Model (Details) - Stock appreciation rights	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Expected stock price volatility	33.00%	31.00%	23.00%
Risk-free interest rate	1.80%	0.40%	1.50%
Expected life	4 years 7 months 2 days	4 years 8 months 26 days	4 years 8 months 4 days

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Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Changes in RSUs Outstanding (Details) - Restricted stock units shares in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares shares
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Outstanding, Beginning Balance (in shares)	1.1
Granted (in shares)	0.5
Vested and released (in shares)	(0.5)
Forfeited (in shares)	(0.1)
Outstanding, Ending Balance (in shares)	1.0
Per Share Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding, Beginning Balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 160.04
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	301.38
Vested and released (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	152.13
Forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	195.86
Outstanding, Ending Balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 211.25
Weighted average remaining contractual term	1 year 1 month 6 days
Performance-based RSUs
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Granted (in shares)	0.1
Minimum | Performance-based RSUs
Per Share Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Target performance percentage	0.00%
Maximum | Performance-based RSUs
Per Share Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Target performance percentage	200.00%
Executives | Performance-based RSUs
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Granted (in shares)	0.2
Non-executive employees | Service-based Awards
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Granted (in shares)	0.3

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Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Changes in CSEs Outstanding (Details) - CSEs	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares shares
Units of CSEs
Outstanding, Beginning Balance (in shares) | shares	114,318
Granted (in shares) | shares	2,641
Converted to shares of Common Stock upon grant (in shares) | shares	(1,680)
Outstanding, Ending Balance (in shares) | shares	115,279
Per Share Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding, Beginning Balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 31.15
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	287.83
Converted to shares of Common Stock upon grant (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	283.58
Outstanding, Ending Balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 33.35

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Computation of Earnings Per Share - Calculations Of Basic And Diluted Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Numerator:
Net income used for calculating basic and diluted income per share	$ 807,799	$ 793,560	$ 266,745
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares used in the calculation of basic income per share (in shares)	80,178	85,026	89,315
Dilutive effect of outstanding awards associated with stock-based compensation plans (in shares)	889	1,151	702
Shares used in the calculation of diluted income per share (in shares)	81,067	86,177	90,017
Earnings per share
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 10.08	$ 9.33	$ 2.99
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 9.96	9.21	2.96
Sale of intellectual property, income tax benefit (in dollars per share)		$ 0.63	$ 0.31

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Computation of Earnings Per Share - Common Share Equivalents Not Included in the Computation of Diluted EPS (Details) - $ / shares shares in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Anti-dilutive outstanding awards associated with stock-based compensation plans (in shares)	0.1	0.0	0.5
Average market price per share of Common Stock during the year (in dollars per share)	$ 289.73	$ 252.07	$ 130.95

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Income Taxes - Summary of Components of Income Before Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Equity Method Investments, Income Taxes, Extraordinary Items, Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]
U.S.	$ 560,193	$ 485,472	$ 111,880
Non-U.S.	467,002	484,398	214,253
Income before income taxes	$ 1,027,195	$ 969,870	$ 326,133

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Income Taxes - Components of Income Tax Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Current tax expense:
U.S. federal	$ 122,191	$ 117,024	$ 14,480
State and local	48,482	36,266	16,360
Foreign	91,596	64,835	62,993
Total current	262,269	218,125	93,833
Deferred tax (benefit) expense:
U.S. federal	(21,337)	(4,640)	(7,206)
State and local	(10,108)	3,156	(13,121)
Foreign	(4,232)	(33,389)	(22,673)
Total deferred	(35,677)	(34,873)	(43,000)
Total current and deferred	226,592	183,252	50,833
Total tax expense	219,396	176,310	59,388
(Expense) benefit relating to interest rate swaps used to increase equity
Deferred tax (benefit) expense:
Other tax benefit (expense)	(5,569)	(7,281)	8,257
Benefit from stock transactions with employees used to increase equity
Deferred tax (benefit) expense:
Other tax benefit (expense)	66	78	56
Benefit relating to defined-benefit pension adjustments used to increase equity
Deferred tax (benefit) expense:
Other tax benefit (expense)	$ (1,693)	$ 261	$ 242

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Income Taxes - Current and Long-Term Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Accrued liabilities	$ 72,610	$ 90,384
Operating leases	63,289	60,226
Intangible assets	35,803	0
Loss and credit carryforwards	37,978	31,662
Assets relating to equity compensation	19,299	15,863
Other assets	16,638	12,195
Gross deferred tax assets	245,617	210,330
Valuation allowance	(152,808)	(23,331)
Net deferred tax assets	92,809	186,999
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements	(1,856)	(14,576)
Intangible assets	0	(123,523)
Prepaid expenses	(69,230)	(70,149)
Other liabilities	(22,936)	(20,536)
Gross deferred tax liabilities	(94,022)	(228,784)
Net deferred tax liabilities	$ (1,213)	$ (41,785)

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Income Taxes -Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax [Line Items]
Non-current deferred tax assets	$ 138,318	$ 140,004
Non-current deferred tax liabilities	139,531	181,789
Tax basis in intangible assets fully allowed for	122,900
Tax basis valuation allowance on intangible assets	122,900
Valuation allowance	152,808	23,331
Benefits of future tax deductions for amortization		54,100	$ 28,300
Unrecognized tax benefits	137,227	150,024	$ 127,080
Unrecognized tax benefits reductions resulting from anticipated closure of audits and the expiration of certain statutes of limitation	11,700
Unrecognized tax benefits that would impact effective tax rate	125,800
Unrecognized tax benefits that would result adjustments to other tax accounts	11,400
Income tax penalties and interest expense	16,300	14,300
Income tax examination, penalties and interest expense	2,400	4,200
Accumulated undistributed earnings of non-US subsidiaries	120,300
State and local jurisdiction
Income Tax [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	17,600
Tax credit carryforwards	$ 8,000
State and local jurisdiction | Minimum
Income Tax [Line Items]
Tax credit carryforwards, expiration period	5 years
State and local jurisdiction | Maximum
Income Tax [Line Items]
Tax credit carryforwards, expiration period	6 years
State and local jurisdiction | Expire within six to fifteen years
Income Tax [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	$ 7,400
State and local jurisdiction | Expire within six to fifteen years | Minimum
Income Tax [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards expiration period	6 years
State and local jurisdiction | Expire within six to fifteen years | Maximum
Income Tax [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards expiration period	15 years
State and local jurisdiction | Expire within sixteen to twenty years
Income Tax [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	$ 10,200
State and local jurisdiction | Expire within sixteen to twenty years | Minimum
Income Tax [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards expiration period	16 years
State and local jurisdiction | Expire within sixteen to twenty years | Maximum
Income Tax [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards expiration period	20 years
Foreign Tax Authority
Income Tax [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	$ 2,100
Tax credit carryforwards	19,700
Foreign Tax Authority | Expire over next twenty years
Income Tax [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	$ 100
Operating loss carryforwards expiration period	20 years
Foreign Tax Authority | Carried forward indefinitely
Income Tax [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	$ 2,000
Other assets
Income Tax [Line Items]
Non-current deferred tax assets	138,300	140,000
Other liabilities
Income Tax [Line Items]
Non-current deferred tax liabilities	$ 139,500	$ 181,800

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Income Taxes - Differences Between U.S. Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate and Effective Tax Rate on Income Before Income Taxes (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Statutory tax rate	21.00%	21.00%	21.00%
State income taxes, net of federal benefit	2.40%	2.80%	1.70%
Effect of non-U.S. operations	(2.00%)	(3.40%)	(1.80%)
Intercompany sale of intellectual property	0.00%	(5.60%)	(8.70%)
Net activity in recognized tax benefits	(1.10%)	1.30%	6.40%
Law changes	0.00%	1.30%	1.80%
Stock-based compensation expense	(2.00%)	(2.00%)	(2.80%)
Limitation on executive compensation	1.40%	1.70%	1.30%
Global intangible low-taxed income, net of foreign tax credits	1.90%	1.70%	1.40%
Foreign-derived intangible income	(0.40%)	(0.30%)	(0.80%)
Other items, net	0.20%	(0.30%)	(1.30%)
Effective tax rate	21.40%	18.20%	18.20%

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Income Taxes - Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Amount of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Interest and Penalties (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Amounts Pertaining to Examined Tax Returns [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 150,024	$ 127,080
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year	10,989	29,636
Additions for tax positions of prior years	12,153	2,756
Reductions for tax positions of prior years	(485)	(4,592)
Reductions for expiration of statutes	(30,817)	(3,240)
Settlements	(2,177)	(147)
Change in foreign currency exchange rates	(2,460)	(1,469)
Ending balance	$ 137,227	$ 150,024

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Derivatives and Hedging - Outstanding Derivatives Contracts (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) contract	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) contract	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Number of Contracts | contract	139	142
Notional Amounts	$ 1,037,763	$ 1,933,506
Fair Value Asset (Liability), Net	10,923	(53,828)
Unrealized Loss Recorded in AOCI/L	$ (39,248)	$ (56,323)
Interest rate swaps
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Notional Amounts			$ 700,000
Other assets | Interest rate swaps | Designated as hedging instrument
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Number of Contracts | contract	1
Notional Amounts	$ 350,000
Fair Value Asset (Liability), Net	3,952
Unrealized Loss Recorded in AOCI/L	(39,248)
Other current assets | Interest rate swaps | Designated as hedging instrument
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Fair Value Asset (Liability), Net	$ 6,346
Other current assets | Foreign currency forward contracts | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Number of Contracts | contract	138
Notional Amounts	$ 687,763
Fair Value Asset (Liability), Net	625
Unrealized Loss Recorded in AOCI/L	$ 0
Other liabilities | Interest rate swaps | Designated as hedging instrument
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Number of Contracts | contract		4
Notional Amounts		$ 1,400,000
Fair Value Asset (Liability), Net		(31,942)
Unrealized Loss Recorded in AOCI/L		(56,323)
Accrued liabilities | Interest rate swaps | Designated as hedging instrument
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Fair Value Asset (Liability), Net		$ (21,795)
Accrued liabilities | Foreign currency forward contracts | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Number of Contracts | contract		138
Notional Amounts		$ 533,506
Fair Value Asset (Liability), Net		(91)
Unrealized Loss Recorded in AOCI/L		$ 0

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Derivatives and Hedging - Derivative Gains And Losses That Have Been Recognized In Condensed Consolidated Statements Of Operations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Total expense, net	$ (2,246)	$ (10,217)	$ (47,180)
Interest rate swaps - net change in deferred gain or loss	17,075	21,781	(30,940)
Interest rate swap
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Total expense, net	22,600	29,100
Other Expense | Interest rate swap
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Interest rate swaps - net change in deferred gain or loss	10,300
Interest expense (income), net
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Total expense, net	$ (22,643)	$ (29,061)	$ (24,880)
Derivative, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Other income (expense), net	Other income (expense), net	Other income (expense), net
Other (income) expense, net
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Total expense, net	$ 20,397	$ 18,844	$ (22,300)
Derivative, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Other income (expense), net	Other income (expense), net	Other income (expense), net

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Fair Value Disclosures - Assets And Liabilities Measured At Fair Value On Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Fair Value, Recurring
Assets:
Total Assets	$ 103,917	$ 105,177
Liabilities:
Total Liabilities	99,252	165,811
Level 1 | Fair Value, Recurring
Assets:
Total Assets	6,065	7,428
Level 1 | Deferred compensation plan assets | Fair Value, Recurring
Assets:
Total Assets	6,065	7,428
Level 2 | Fair Value, Recurring
Assets:
Total Assets	97,852	97,749
Liabilities:
Total Liabilities	99,252	165,811
Level 2 | Foreign currency forward contracts | Fair Value, Recurring
Assets:
Total Assets	3,236	1,122
Liabilities:
Total Liabilities	2,611	1,213
Level 2 | Interest rate swap contracts
Assets:
Total Assets	10,298	0
Level 2 | Interest rate swap contracts | Fair Value, Recurring
Liabilities:
Total Liabilities	0	53,737
Level 2 | Deferred compensation plan assets | Fair Value, Recurring
Assets:
Total Assets	84,318	96,627
Level 2 | Deferred compensation plan liabilities | Fair Value, Recurring
Liabilities:
Total Liabilities	$ 96,641	$ 110,861

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Fair Value Disclosures - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Money market funds at carrying value	$ 7,400,000	$ 6,100,000	$ 7,400,000
Cash surrender value of life insurance	96,600,000	84,300,000	96,600,000
Loss on impairment of lease related assets, net	$ 49,500,000	$ 53,970,000	$ 49,537,000	$ 0

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Fair Value Disclosures - Fair Value of Debt Instruments (Details) - Senior Notes - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Carrying Amount	$ 2,179,209	$ 2,176,463
Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair Value	1,953,562	2,261,186
2028 Notes
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Carrying Amount	792,934	791,833
2028 Notes | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair Value	740,864	836,632
2029 Notes
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Carrying Amount	593,951	593,139
2029 Notes | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair Value	523,842	608,346
2030 Notes
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Carrying Amount	792,324	791,491
2030 Notes | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair Value	$ 688,856	$ 816,208

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Employee Benefits - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Employer matching contribution, percent	4.00%
Maximum annual contribution per employee, amount	$ 7,200
Defined contribution plan cost recognized	50,400,000	$ 44,100,000	$ 43,900,000
Compensation expense related to deferred compensation plan	400,000	1,300,000	$ 1,900,000
Other assets	9,100,000	9,500,000
Other assets
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Deferred compensation plan assets	90,400,000	104,100,000
Other liabilities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Deferred compensation liability	$ 96,600,000	$ 110,900,000

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Employee Benefits - Components of Net Periodic Pension Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Benefit Obligation [Roll Forward]
Service cost	$ 4,173	$ 4,511	$ 4,421
Interest cost	$ 709	$ 605	$ 718
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit), Interest Cost, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Other income (expense), net	Other income (expense), net	Other income (expense), net
Expected return on plan assets	$ (459)	$ (350)	$ (493)
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit (Cost) Credit, Expected Return (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Other income (expense), net	Other income (expense), net	Other income (expense), net
Recognition of actuarial loss	$ 264	$ 576	$ 474
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit (Cost) Credit, Immediate Recognition of Actuarial Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Other income (expense), net	Other income (expense), net	Other income (expense), net
Recognition of loss due to settlements	$ 0	$ 286	$ 0
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit) Excluding Service Cost, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Other income (expense), net	Other income (expense), net	Other income (expense), net
Other	$ 501	$ 0	$ 0
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit), Other Cost (Credit), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Other income (expense), net	Other income (expense), net	Other income (expense), net
Total defined benefit pension plan expense	$ 5,188	$ 5,628	$ 5,120

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Employee Benefits - Assumptions Used in Computation of Net Periodic Pension Expense (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Disclosures [Abstract]
Weighted-average discount rate	1.24%	0.94%	1.28%
Expected return on plan assets	1.58%	1.19%	2.04%
Average compensation increase	2.57%	2.58%	2.58%
Cash balance interest credit rate	1.20%	0.80%	1.20%

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Employee Benefits - Information Related to Changes in Projected Benefit Obligation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Benefit Obligation [Roll Forward]
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year	$ 57,973	$ 62,297	$ 52,503
Service cost	4,173	4,511	4,421
Interest cost	709	605	718
Actuarial loss (gain) due to assumption changes and plan experience	(7,318)	(2,230)	1,516
Benefits payments	(1,225)	(1,198)	(1,438)
Plan amendments	0	269	0
Settlements	0	(1,606)	0
Other	5,685	0	0
Foreign currency impact	(4,686)	(4,675)	4,577
Projected benefit obligation at end of year	$ 55,311	$ 57,973	$ 62,297
Defined Benefit Plan, Weighted Average Assumptions Used in Calculating Benefit Obligation [Abstract]
Weighted average discount rate	3.67%	1.24%	0.94%
Average compensation increase	3.37%	2.57%	2.58%
Cash balance interest credit rate	3.60%	1.20%	0.80%
Expected future benefit payments, in 2023	$ 2,400
Expected future benefit payments, in 2024	2,600
Expected future benefit payments, in 2025	3,000
Expected future benefit payments, in 2026	3,300
Expected future benefit payments, in 2027	3,900
Expected future benefit payments in the five years thereafter	$ 25,500

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Employee Benefits - Benefit Plans and Related Amounts Recorded in Consolidated Balance Sheets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Disclosures [Abstract]
Projected benefit obligation	$ 55,311	$ 57,973	$ 62,297	$ 52,503
Pension plan assets at fair value	(27,798)	(29,737)	(28,636)	$ (23,444)
Funded status – shortfall	27,513	28,236	33,661
Accumulated benefit obligation	50,335	54,701	58,963
Amounts recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for the plans
Other liabilities — accrued pension obligation	27,513	28,236	33,661
Stockholders’ equity — deferred actuarial loss	$ (4,247)	$ (6,672)	$ (9,309)
Future long-term rate of return on plan assets	3.90%
Weighted average amortization period	12 years

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Employee Benefits - Rollforward of Defined Benefit Pension Plans Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Fair Value of Plan Assets [Roll Forward]
Pension plan assets at the beginning of the year	$ 29,737	$ 28,636	$ 23,444
Company contributions	4,450	4,865	3,924
Benefit payments	(1,225)	(1,198)	(1,438)
Actual return on plan assets	(3,072)	1,066	684
Settlements	0	(1,606)	0
Foreign currency impact	(2,092)	(2,026)	2,022
Pension plan assets at the end of the year	$ 27,798	$ 29,737	$ 28,636

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Segment Information - Information About Reportable Segments (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) segment	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Number of reportable segments | segment	3
Operating income	$ 1,100,106,000	$ 915,751,000	$ 490,150,000
Intersegment Eliminations
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	0
Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	5,475,846,000	4,733,962,000	4,099,403,000
Operating income	3,815,134,000	3,329,516,000	2,770,898,000
Operating Segments | Research
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	4,604,791,000	4,101,392,000	3,602,892,000
Operating income	3,414,574,000	3,036,925,000	2,597,852,000
Operating Segments | Conferences
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	389,273,000	214,449,000	120,140,000
Operating income	210,726,000	133,748,000	57,302,000
Operating Segments | Consulting
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	481,782,000	418,121,000	376,371,000
Operating income	189,834,000	158,843,000	115,744,000
Corporate and Reconciling Items
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating income	$ (2,715,028,000)	$ (2,413,765,000)	$ (2,280,748,000)

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Segment Information - Reconciliation of Segment Gross Contribution to Net Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Costs and expenses:
Cost of services and product development	$ 1,693,771	$ 1,444,093	$ 1,345,024
Selling, general and administrative	2,480,944	2,155,658	2,038,963
Acquisition and integration charges	9,079	6,055	6,282
Operating income	1,100,106	915,751	490,150
Interest expense and other, net	(72,911)	(98,191)	(119,203)
Gain on event cancellation insurance claims	0	152,310	0
Loss on extinguishment of debt	0	0	(44,814)
Provision for income taxes	219,396	176,310	59,388
Net income	$ 807,799	793,560	266,745
Maximum
Costs and expenses:
Percent of target bonus charges allocated to segments	100.00%
Operating Segments
Costs and expenses:
Operating income	$ 3,815,134	3,329,516	2,770,898
Corporate and Reconciling Items
Costs and expenses:
Cost of services and product development	33,059	39,647	16,519
Selling, general and administrative	2,480,944	2,155,658	2,038,963
Depreciation and amortization	191,946	212,405	218,984
Acquisition and integration charges	9,079	6,055	6,282
Operating income	$ (2,715,028)	$ (2,413,765)	$ (2,280,748)

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Segment Information - Summarized Information by Geographic Location (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Long-lived assets:
Long-lived assets	$ 998,704	$ 1,130,509
United States and Canada
Long-lived assets:
Long-lived assets	622,993	706,854
Europe, Middle East and Africa
Long-lived assets:
Long-lived assets	252,573	298,083
Other International
Long-lived assets:
Long-lived assets	$ 123,138	$ 125,572

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Valuation and Qualifying Accounts - Summarized Activity in Allowances (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Movement in Valuation Allowances and Reserves [Roll Forward]
Balance at Beginning of Year	$ 6,500	$ 10,000	$ 8,000
Additions Charged to Expense	7,800	2,800	16,000
Deductions from the Reserve	(5,300)	(6,300)	(14,000)
Balance at End of Year	$ 9,000	$ 6,500	$ 10,000

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Subsequent Events (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Feb. 02, 2023	Jan. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2015
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Stock repurchase program, additional authorized amount				$ 1,000.0	$ 1,600.0
Share repurchase program, authorized amount						$ 1,200.0
Stock repurchase program, remaining authorized repurchase amount			$ 606.0
Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Stock repurchase program, additional authorized amount	$ 400.0
Share repurchase program, authorized amount		$ 3,800.0
Stock repurchase program, remaining authorized repurchase amount		$ 606.0