10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark One)

☑	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.
	For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2020
	OR
☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.

Commission File Number 1-14443

Gartner, Inc.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	04-3099750
(State or other jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)	Identification Number)
P.O. Box 10212	06902-7700
56 Top Gallant Road	(Zip Code)
Stamford,
Connecticut
(Address of principal executive offices)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (203) 316-1111

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $.0005 par value per share	IT	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☑	Accelerated filer	☐	Non-accelerated filer	☐
		Smaller reporting company	☐	Emerging growth company	☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑

As of October 30, 2020, 89,286,873 shares of the registrant’s common shares were outstanding.

Table of Contents

	Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019	3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019	4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019	5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019	6
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019	8
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	9
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS	29
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK	43
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	44
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS	45
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS	45
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS	46
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS	46

2

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GARTNER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited; in thousands, except share data)

	September 30,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	553,715	$	280,836
Fees receivable, net of allowances of $10,000 and $8,000, respectively	948,864		1,326,012
Deferred commissions	207,938		265,867
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	154,887		146,026
Total current assets	1,865,404		2,018,741
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net	332,891		344,579
Operating lease right-of-use assets	651,813		702,916
Goodwill	2,938,708		2,937,726
Intangible assets, net	820,994		925,087
Other assets	230,792		222,245
Total Assets	$	6,840,602	$	7,151,294
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	790,260	$	788,796
Deferred revenues	1,710,791		1,928,020
Current portion of long-term debt	20,511		139,718
Total current liabilities	2,521,562		2,856,534
Long-term debt, net of deferred financing fees	1,957,473		2,043,888
Operating lease liabilities	785,705		832,533
Other liabilities	538,359		479,746
Total Liabilities	5,803,099		6,212,701
Stockholders’ Equity
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized; none issued or outstanding	—		—
Common stock, $0.0005 par value, 250,000,000 shares authorized; 163,602,067 shares issued for both periods	82		82
Additional paid-in capital	1,960,143		1,899,273
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net	(130,213)		(77,938)
Accumulated earnings	2,135,860		1,988,722
Treasury stock, at cost, 74,193,907 and 74,444,288 common shares, respectively	(2,928,369)		(2,871,546)
Total Stockholders’ Equity	1,037,503		938,593
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity	$	6,840,602	$	7,151,294

See the accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

GARTNER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited; in thousands, except per share data)

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Revenues:
Research	$	892,719	$	840,998	$	2,677,339	$	2,492,427
Conferences	12,738		66,286		26,925		259,392
Consulting	89,161		93,218		282,380		290,009
Total revenues	994,618		1,000,502		2,986,644		3,041,828
Costs and expenses:
Cost of services and product development	329,767		365,056		993,596		1,099,700
Selling, general and administrative	521,508		512,159		1,512,987		1,545,905
Depreciation	22,743		20,704		67,988		60,578
Amortization of intangibles	31,228		31,694		94,615		97,541
Acquisition and integration charges	1,722		1,742		5,438		4,156
Total costs and expenses	906,968		931,355		2,674,624		2,807,880
Operating income	87,650		69,147		312,020		233,948
Interest expense, net	(30,538)		(24,073)		(87,182)		(73,669)
Loss from divested operations	—		—		—		(2,075)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	(44,814)		—		(44,814)		—
Other income (expense), net	1,869		8,024		(10,046)		6,953
Income before income taxes	14,167		53,098		169,978		165,157
(Benefit) provision for income taxes	(2,797)		11,710		22,840		(432)
Net income	$	16,964	$	41,388	$	147,138	$	165,589
Net income per share:
Basic	$	0.19	$	0.46	$	1.65	$	1.84
Diluted	$	0.19	$	0.46	$	1.63	$	1.82
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic	89,378		89,846		89,307		89,947
Diluted	89,955		90,887		90,002		91,089

See the accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

GARTNER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(Unaudited; in thousands)

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Net income	$	16,964	$	41,388	$	147,138	$	165,589
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	7,498		3,553		(15,066)		9,078
Interest rate swaps – net change in deferred gain or loss	4,379		(11,379)		(37,453)		(50,599)
Pension plans – net change in deferred actuarial loss	85		41		244		124
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	11,962		(7,785)		(52,275)		(41,397)
Comprehensive income	$	28,926	$	33,603	$	94,863	$	124,192

See the accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

GARTNER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

(Unaudited; in thousands)

Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020

	Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net		Accumulated Earnings		Treasury Stock		Total
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	82	$	1,899,273	$	(77,938)	$	1,988,722	$	(2,871,546)	$	938,593
Net income	—		—		—		75,097		—		75,097
Other comprehensive loss	—		—		(91,034)		—		—		(91,034)
Issuances under stock plans	—		(1,794)		—		—		7,448		5,654
Common share repurchases	—		—		—		—		(63,164)		(63,164)
Stock-based compensation expense	—		25,129		—		—		—		25,129
Balance at March 31, 2020	$	82	$	1,922,608	$	(168,972)	$	2,063,819	$	(2,927,262)	$	890,275
Net income	—		—		—		55,077		—		55,077
Other comprehensive income	—		—		26,797		—		—		26,797
Issuances under stock plans	—		3,223		—		—		867		4,090
Common share repurchases	—		—		—		—		(698)		(698)
Stock-based compensation expense	—		15,678		—		—		—		15,678
Balance at June 30, 2020	$	82	$	1,941,509	$	(142,175)	$	2,118,896	$	(2,927,093)	$	991,219
Net income	—		—		—		16,964		—		16,964
Other comprehensive income	—		—		11,962		—		—		11,962
Issuances under stock plans	—		3,133		—		—		979		4,112
Common share repurchases	—		—		—		—		(2,255)		(2,255)
Stock-based compensation expense	—		15,501		—		—		—		15,501
Balance at September 30, 2020	$	82	$	1,960,143	$	(130,213)	$	2,135,860	$	(2,928,369)	$	1,037,503

6

GARTNER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

(Unaudited; in thousands)

Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019

	Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net		Accumulated Earnings		Treasury Stock		Total
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	82	$	1,823,710	$	(39,867)	$	1,755,432	$	(2,688,600)	$	850,757
Net income	—		—		—		20,795		—		20,795
Other comprehensive loss	—		—		(21,699)		—		—		(21,699)
Issuances under stock plans	—		(2,911)		—		—		7,973		5,062
Common share repurchases	—		—		—		—		(29,837)		(29,837)
Stock-based compensation expense	—		31,819		—		—		—		31,819
Balance at March 31, 2019	$	82	$	1,852,618	$	(61,566)	$	1,776,227	$	(2,710,464)	$	856,897
Net income	—		—		—		103,406		—		103,406
Other comprehensive loss	—		—		(11,913)		—		—		(11,913)
Issuances under stock plans	—		3,140		—		—		875		4,015
Common share repurchases	—		—		—		—		(1,723)		(1,723)
Stock-based compensation expense	—		13,120		—		—		—		13,120
Balance at June 30, 2019	$	82	$	1,868,878	$	(73,479)	$	1,879,633	$	(2,711,312)	$	963,802
Net income	—		—		—		41,388		—		41,388
Other comprehensive loss	—		—		(7,785)		—		—		(7,785)
Issuances under stock plans	—		3,538		—		—		633		4,171
Common share repurchases	—		—		—		—		(94,873)		(94,873)
Stock-based compensation expense	—		12,954		—		—		—		12,954
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	82	$	1,885,370	$	(81,264)	$	1,921,021	$	(2,805,552)	$	919,657

7

GARTNER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited; in thousands)

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2020		2019
Operating activities:
Net income	$	147,138	$	165,589
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	162,603		158,119
Stock-based compensation expense	56,308		57,893
Deferred taxes	(6,548)		(50,790)
Loss from divested operations	—		2,075
Loss on extinguishment of debt	44,814		—
Fair value adjustment - equity security	—		(9,120)
Reduction in the carrying amount of operating lease right-of-use assets	62,876		63,692
Amortization and write-off of deferred financing fees	7,487		4,865
Amortization of deferred swap losses from de-designation	10,320		—
Loss on de-designated swaps	476		—
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Fees receivable, net	369,119		215,132
Deferred commissions	56,094		35,329
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(9,104)		(941)
Other assets	(3,509)		(46,954)
Deferred revenues	(210,170)		70,006
Accounts payable and accrued and other liabilities	(45,074)		(182,294)
Cash provided by operating activities	642,830		482,601
Investing activities:
Additions to property, equipment and leasehold improvements	(60,845)		(95,701)
Acquisitions - cash paid (net of cash acquired)	—		(2,295)
Cash used in investing activities	(60,845)		(97,996)
Financing activities:
Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan	13,813		13,235
Proceeds from borrowings	2,000,000		5,000
Early redemption premium payment	(30,752)		—
Payments of deferred financing fees	(23,627)		—
Proceeds from revolving credit facility	327,000		281,000
Payments on revolving credit facility	(475,000)		(316,000)
Payments on borrowings	(2,053,342)		(74,612)
Purchases of treasury stock	(76,117)		(141,436)
Cash used in financing activities	(318,025)		(232,813)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	263,960		151,792
Effects of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents	8,919		(3,728)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	280,836		158,663
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	553,715	$	306,727

See the accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

8

GARTNER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

Note 1 — Business and Basis of Presentation

Business. Gartner, Inc. (NYSE: IT) is the world’s leading research and advisory company and a member of the S&P 500. We equip business leaders with indispensable insights, advice and tools to achieve their mission–critical priorities today and build the successful organizations of tomorrow. We believe our unmatched combination of expert-led, practitioner-sourced and data-driven research steers clients toward the right decisions on the issues that matter most. We are a trusted advisor and an objective resource for more than 14,000 enterprises in more than 100 countries — across all major functions, in every industry and enterprise size.

Segments. Gartner delivers its products and services globally through three business segments: Research, Conferences and Consulting. Revenues and other financial information for our segments are discussed in Note 5 — Segment Information.

Basis of presentation. The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”), as defined in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 270 for interim financial information and with the applicable instructions of U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X on Form 10-Q, and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes of the Company in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

The fiscal year of Gartner is the twelve-month period from January 1 through December 31. In the opinion of management, all normal recurring accruals and adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations and cash flows at the dates and for the periods presented herein have been included. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 may not be indicative of the results of operations for the remainder of 2020 or beyond. When used in these notes, the terms “Gartner,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our” refer to Gartner, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Principles of consolidation. The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

Use of estimates. The preparation of the accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events. These estimates and the underlying assumptions affect the amounts of assets and liabilities reported, disclosures about contingent assets and liabilities, and reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Such estimates include the valuation of fees receivable, goodwill, intangible assets and other long-lived assets, as well as tax accruals and other liabilities. In addition, estimates are used in revenue recognition, income tax expense or benefit, performance-based compensation charges, depreciation and amortization. Management believes its use of estimates in these interim condensed consolidated financial statements to be reasonable.

Management continually evaluates and revises its estimates using historical experience and other factors, including the general economic environment and actions it may take in the future. Management adjusts these estimates when facts and circumstances dictate. However, these estimates may involve significant uncertainties and judgments and cannot be determined with precision. In addition, these estimates are based on management’s best judgment at a point in time. As a result, differences between our estimates and actual results could be material and would be reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements in future periods.

In December 2019, a novel coronavirus disease (“COVID-19”) was reported in Wuhan, China and on March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic. Any future asset impairment charges, increase in allowance for doubtful accounts, or restructuring charges could be more likely if the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic continue and will be dependent on the severity and duration of this crisis. To date, the Company has not observed any material impairments of its assets or a significant change in the fair value of assets due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

9

Revenue recognition. Revenue is recognized in accordance with the requirements of FASB ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC Topic 606”). Revenue is only recognized when all of the required criteria for revenue recognition have been met. The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations present revenue net of any sales or value-added taxes that we collect from customers and remit to government authorities. ASC Topic 270 requires certain disclosures in interim financial statements around the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. Note 2 — Revenue and Related Matters provides additional information regarding the Company’s revenues.

Acquisition and divestiture activities. The Company recognized $1.7 million of Acquisition and integration charges during each of the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. The Company recognized $5.4 million and $4.2 million of Acquisition and integration charges during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Acquisition and integration charges reflect additional costs and expenses resulting from our acquisitions and include, among other items, professional fees, severance and stock-based compensation charges. Although the Company did not complete any business acquisitions during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 or 2019, it paid $2.3 million of restricted cash in 2019 for deferred consideration from a 2017 acquisition.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded a pretax Loss from divested operations of $2.1 million, primarily due to adjustments of certain working capital balances related to divestitures that were completed in 2018.

Adoption of new accounting standards. The Company adopted the accounting standards described below during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Implementation Costs in a Cloud Computing Arrangement — In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract (“ASU No. 2018-15”). ASU No. 2018-15 aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. Costs that are capitalized under ASU No. 2018-15 will be expensed over the term of the cloud computing arrangement. Gartner adopted ASU No. 2018-15 on January 1, 2020 on a prospective basis. The adoption of ASU No. 2018-15 did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Fair Value Measurement Disclosures — In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement (“ASU No. 2018-13”). ASU No. 2018-13, which is part of the FASB’s broader disclosure framework project, modified and supplemented the previous U.S. GAAP disclosure requirements pertaining to fair value measurements, with an emphasis on Level 3 disclosures of the valuation hierarchy. Gartner adopted ASU No. 2018-13 on January 1, 2020. The adoption of ASU No. 2018-13 did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Goodwill Impairment — In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other - Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (“ASU No. 2017-04”). ASU No. 2017-04 simplified the determination of the amount of goodwill to be potentially charged off by eliminating Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test under previous U.S. GAAP. Gartner adopted ASU No. 2017-04 on January 1, 2020. The adoption of ASU No. 2017-04 did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Financial Instrument Credit Losses — In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (“ASU No. 2016-13”). ASU No. 2016-13 amended the previous financial instrument impairment model by requiring entities to use a forward-looking approach based on expected losses to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments, including trade receivables. Gartner adopted ASU No. 2016-13 on January 1, 2020 with no cumulative effect adjustment to the Company’s opening retained earnings. The Company applied the expected credit loss model to its fees receivable balance on January 1, 2020 using a historical loss rate method. The Company’s trade receivables are collected fairly quickly and its credit losses have historically been low. The adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Accounting standards issued but not yet adopted. The FASB has issued accounting standards that have not yet become effective and may impact the Company’s consolidated financial statements or related disclosures in future periods. Those standards and their potential impact are discussed below.

10

Accounting standard effective immediately upon voluntary election by Gartner

Reference Rate Reform — In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform—Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (“ASU No. 2020-04”). ASU No. 2020-04 provides that an entity can elect not to apply certain required modification accounting in U.S. GAAP to contracts where all changes to the critical terms relate to reference rate reform (e.g., the expected discontinuance of LIBOR and the transition to an alternative reference interest rate, etc.). In addition, the rule provides optional expedients and exceptions that enable entities to continue to apply hedge accounting for hedging relationships where one or more of the critical terms change due to reference rate reform. The rule became effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 and will generally no longer be available to apply after December 31, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of ASU No. 2020-04 on its consolidated financial statements, including the rule’s potential impact on any debt modifications or other contractual changes in the future that may result from reference rate reform.

Accounting standard effective in the fourth quarter of 2020

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures — In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-14, Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans (“ASU No. 2018-14”). ASU No. 2018-14, which is part of the FASB’s broader disclosure framework project, modifies and supplements the current U.S. GAAP annual disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension plans. ASU No. 2018-14 is effective for Gartner in the fourth quarter of 2020. ASU No. 2018-14 must be adopted on a retroactive basis and applied to each comparative period presented in an entity’s financial statements. The adoption of ASU No. 2018-14 is currently not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statement disclosures.

Accounting standard effective in 2021

Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes — In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes—Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU No. 2019-12”). ASU No. 2019-12 provides new guidance to simplify the accounting for income taxes in certain areas, changes the accounting for select income tax transactions and makes minor ASC improvements. ASU No. 2019-12 is effective for Gartner on January 1, 2021, including interim periods in the year of adoption. Early adoption is permitted. The method of adoption varies depending on the component of the new rule that is being adopted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of ASU No. 2019-12 on our consolidated financial statements.

Note 2 — Revenue and Related Matters

Disaggregated Revenue — The Company’s disaggregated revenue by reportable segment is presented in the tables below for the periods indicated (in thousands).

By Primary Geographic Market (1)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020

Primary Geographic Market	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
United States and Canada	$	574,203	$	10,669	$	55,389	$	640,261
Europe, Middle East and Africa	210,152		2,064		23,495		235,711
Other International	108,364		5		10,277		118,646
Total revenues	$	892,719	$	12,738	$	89,161	$	994,618

Three Months Ended September 30, 2019

Primary Geographic Market	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
United States and Canada	$	538,112	$	28,153	$	58,615	$	624,880
Europe, Middle East and Africa	196,121		24,497		26,468		247,086
Other International	106,765		13,636		8,135		128,536
Total revenues	$	840,998	$	66,286	$	93,218	$	1,000,502

11

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020

Primary Geographic Market	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
United States and Canada	$	1,737,603	$	16,966	$	167,570	$	1,922,139
Europe, Middle East and Africa	612,946		4,211		83,691		700,848
Other International	326,790		5,748		31,119		363,657
Total revenues	$	2,677,339	$	26,925	$	282,380	$	2,986,644

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019

Primary Geographic Market	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
United States and Canada	$	1,593,806	$	157,756	$	175,208	$	1,926,770
Europe, Middle East and Africa	583,742		67,520		90,350		741,612
Other International	314,879		34,116		24,451		373,446
Total revenues	$	2,492,427	$	259,392	$	290,009	$	3,041,828

(1)Revenue is reported based on where the sale is fulfilled.

The Company’s revenue is generated primarily through direct sales to clients by domestic and international sales forces and a network of independent international sales agents. Most of the Company’s products and services are provided on an integrated worldwide basis and, because of this integrated delivery approach, it is not practical to precisely separate our revenue by geographic location. Accordingly, revenue information presented in the above tables is based on internal allocations, which involve certain management estimates and judgments.

By Timing of Revenue Recognition

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020

Timing of Revenue Recognition	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
Transferred over time (1)	$	823,658	$	—	$	73,989	$	897,647
Transferred at a point in time (2)	69,061		12,738		15,172		96,971
Total revenues	$	892,719	$	12,738	$	89,161	$	994,618

Three Months Ended September 30, 2019

Timing of Revenue Recognition	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
Transferred over time (1)	$	769,718	$	—	$	77,570	$	847,288
Transferred at a point in time (2)	71,280		66,286		15,648		153,214
Total revenues	$	840,998	$	66,286	$	93,218	$	1,000,502

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020

Timing of Revenue Recognition	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
Transferred over time (1)	$	2,463,434	$	—	$	224,027	$	2,687,461
Transferred at a point in time (2)	213,905		26,925		58,353		299,183
Total revenues	$	2,677,339	$	26,925	$	282,380	$	2,986,644

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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019

Timing of Revenue Recognition	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
Transferred over time (1)	$	2,276,783	$	—	$	235,641	$	2,512,424
Transferred at a point in time (2)	215,644		259,392		54,368		529,404
Total revenues	$	2,492,427	$	259,392	$	290,009	$	3,041,828

(1)Research revenues were recognized in connection with performance obligations that were satisfied over time using a time-elapsed output method to measure progress. Consulting revenues were recognized over time using labor hours as an input measurement basis.

(2)The revenues in this category were recognized in connection with performance obligations that were satisfied at the point in time that the contractual deliverables were provided to the customer.

Performance Obligations — For customer contracts that are greater than one year in duration, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) as of September 30, 2020 was approximately $2.9 billion. The Company expects to recognize $554.0 million, $1,622.4 million and $695.9 million of this revenue (most of which pertains to Research) during the remainder of 2020, the year ending December 31, 2021 and thereafter, respectively. The Company applies a practical expedient that is permitted under ASC Topic 606 and, accordingly, it does not disclose such performance obligation information for customer contracts that have original durations of one year or less. Our performance obligations for contracts meeting this ASC Topic 606 disclosure exclusion primarily include: (i) stand-ready services under Research subscription contracts; (ii) holding conferences and meetings where attendees and exhibitors can participate; and (iii) providing customized Consulting solutions for clients under fixed fee and time and materials engagements. The remaining duration of these performance obligations is generally less than one year, which aligns with the period that the parties have enforceable rights and obligations under the affected contracts.

Customer Contract Assets and Liabilities — The timing of the recognition of revenue and the amount and timing of our billings and cash collections, including upfront customer payments, result in the recognition of both assets and liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet. The table below provides information regarding certain of the Company’s balance sheet accounts that pertain to its contracts with customers (in thousands).

	September 30,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Assets:
Fees receivable, gross (1)	$	958,864	$	1,334,012
Contract assets recorded in Prepaid expenses and other current assets (2)	$	23,990	$	21,350
Contract liabilities:
Deferred revenues (current liability) (3)	$	1,710,791	$	1,928,020
Non-current deferred revenues recorded in Other liabilities (3)	26,051		24,409
Total contract liabilities	$	1,736,842	$	1,952,429

(1)Fees receivable represent an unconditional right of payment from our customers and include both billed and unbilled amounts.

(2)Contract assets represent recognized revenue for which we do not have an unconditional right to payment as of the balance sheet date because the project may be subject to a progress billing milestone or some other billing restriction.

(3)Deferred revenues represent amounts (i) for which the Company has received an upfront customer payment or (ii) that pertain to recognized fees receivable. Both situations occur before the completion of our performance obligation(s).

The Company recognized revenue of $681.6 million and $675.2 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $1,354.2 million and $1,312.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, that was attributable to deferred revenues that were recorded at the beginning of each such period. Those amounts

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primarily consisted of (i) Research revenues that were recognized ratably as control of the goods or services passed to the customer and (ii) Conferences revenue pertaining to conferences and meetings that occurred during the reporting periods. During each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company did not record any material impairments related to its contract assets. The Company does not typically recognize revenue from performance obligations satisfied in prior periods.

Note 3 — Computation of Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution of securities that could share in earnings. When the impact of common share equivalents is anti-dilutive, they are excluded from the calculation.

The table below sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted income per share for the periods indicated (in thousands, except per share data).

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Numerator:
Net income used for calculating basic and diluted income per common share	$	16,964	$	41,388	$	147,138	$	165,589
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares used in the calculation of basic income per share	89,378		89,846		89,307		89,947
Common stock equivalents associated with stock-based compensation plans (1)	577		1,041		695		1,142
Shares used in the calculation of diluted income per share	89,955		90,887		90,002		91,089
Basic income per share	$	0.19	$	0.46	$	1.65	$	1.84
Diluted income per share	$	0.19	$	0.46	$	1.63	$	1.82

(1)Certain common stock equivalents were not included in the computation of diluted income per share because the effect would have been anti-dilutive. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, approximately 0.5 million and 0.8 million, respectively, common stock equivalents were excluded from the calculation of diluted income per share because they were anti-dilutive. These common share equivalents totaled approximately 0.3 million and 0.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.

Note 4 — Stock-Based Compensation

The Company grants stock-based compensation awards as an incentive for employees and directors to contribute to the Company’s long-term success. The Company currently awards stock-settled stock appreciation rights, service-based and performance-based restricted stock units, and common stock equivalents. As of September 30, 2020, the Company had 4.3 million shares of its common stock, par value $0.0005 per share, (the “Common Stock”) available for stock-based compensation awards under its 2014 Long-Term Incentive Plan.

The tables below summarize the Company’s stock-based compensation expense by award type and expense category line item during the periods indicated (in millions).

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
Award type	2020		2019		2020		2019
Stock appreciation rights	$	2.1	$	1.0	$	5.7	$	5.8
Restricted stock units	13.2		11.8		50.0		51.5
Common stock equivalents	0.2		0.2		0.6		0.6
Total (1)	$	15.5	$	13.0	$	56.3	$	57.9

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	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
Expense category line item	2020		2019		2020		2019
Cost of services and product development	$	6.1	$	6.2	$	25.3	$	23.7
Selling, general and administrative	9.4		6.7		31.0		33.8
Acquisition and integration charges (2)	—		0.1		—		0.4
Total (1)	$	15.5	$	13.0	$	56.3	$	57.9

(1) Includes charges of $3.4 million and $0.4 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $20.2 million and $21.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, for awards to retirement-eligible employees. Those awards vest on an accelerated basis.

(2) Includes charges related to acquisitions and related integration efforts.

Note 5 — Segment Information

The Company’s products and services are delivered through three segments – Research, Conferences and Consulting, as described below.

•Research provides trusted, objective insights and advice on the mission-critical priorities of leaders across all functional areas of an enterprise through reports, briefings, proprietary tools, access to our research experts, peer networking services and membership programs that enable our clients to drive organizational performance.

•Conferences provides business professionals across an organization the opportunity to learn, share and network. From our Gartner Symposium/Xpo series, to industry-leading conferences focused on specific business roles and topics, to peer-driven sessions, our offerings enable attendees to experience the best of Gartner insight and advice.

•Consulting combines the power of Gartner market-leading research with custom analysis and on-the-ground support to help chief information officers and other senior executives driving technology-related strategic initiatives move confidently from insight to action.

The Company evaluates segment performance and allocates resources based on gross contribution margin. Gross contribution, as presented in the tables below, is defined as operating income or loss excluding certain Cost of services and product development expenses, Selling, general and administrative expenses, Depreciation, Amortization of intangibles, and Acquisition and integration charges. Certain bonus and fringe benefit costs included in consolidated Cost of services and product development are not allocated to segment expense. The accounting policies used by the reportable segments are the same as those used by the Company. There are no intersegment revenues. The Company does not identify or allocate assets, including capital expenditures, by reportable segment. Accordingly, assets are not reported by segment because the information is not available by segment and is not reviewed in the evaluation of segment performance or in making decisions regarding the allocation of resources.

The tables below present information about the Company’s reportable segments for the periods indicated (in thousands).

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Consolidated
Revenues	$	892,719	$	12,738	$	89,161	$	994,618
Gross contribution	642,328		2,044		28,161		672,533
Corporate and other expenses							(584,883)
Operating income							$	87,650

Three Months Ended September 30, 2019	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Consolidated
Revenues	$	840,998	$	66,286	$	93,218	$	1,000,502
Gross contribution	582,502		27,465		26,538		636,505
Corporate and other expenses							(567,358)
Operating income							$	69,147

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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Consolidated
Revenues	$	2,677,339	$	26,925	$	282,380	$	2,986,644
Gross contribution	1,928,422		(15,246)		91,086		2,004,262
Corporate and other expenses							(1,692,242)
Operating income							$	312,020

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Consolidated
Revenues	$	2,492,427	$	259,392	$	290,009	$	3,041,828
Gross contribution	1,729,967		126,910		89,493		1,946,370
Corporate and other expenses							(1,712,422)
Operating income							$	233,948

The table below provides a reconciliation of total segment gross contribution to net income for the periods indicated (in thousands).

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Total segment gross contribution	$	672,533	$	636,505	$	2,004,262	$	1,946,370
Costs and expenses:
Cost of services and product development - unallocated (1)	7,682		1,059		11,214		4,242
Selling, general and administrative	521,508		512,159		1,512,987		1,545,905
Depreciation and amortization	53,971		52,398		162,603		158,119
Acquisition and integration charges	1,722		1,742		5,438		4,156
Operating income	87,650		69,147		312,020		233,948
Interest expense and other, net	(28,669)		(16,049)		(97,228)		(66,716)
Loss from divested operations	—		—		—		(2,075)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	(44,814)		—		(44,814)		—
Less: (Benefit) provision for income taxes	(2,797)		11,710		22,840		(432)
Net income	$	16,964	$	41,388	$	147,138	$	165,589

(1)The unallocated amounts consist of certain bonus and fringe costs recorded in consolidated Cost of services and product development that are not allocated to segment expense. The Company’s policy is to allocate bonuses to segments at 100% of a segment employee’s target bonus. Amounts above or below 100% are absorbed by corporate.

Note 6 — Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of acquired businesses over the estimated fair values of the tangible and identifiable intangible net assets acquired. Evaluations of the recoverability of goodwill are performed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 350, which requires an annual assessment of potential goodwill impairment at the reporting unit level and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable.

When performing our annual assessment of the recoverability of goodwill, we initially perform a qualitative analysis evaluating whether any events or circumstances occurred or exist that provide evidence that it is more likely than not that the fair value of any of our reporting units is less than the related carrying amount. If we do not believe that it is more likely than not that the fair value of any of our reporting units is less than the related carrying amount, then no quantitative impairment test is performed. However, if the results of our qualitative assessment indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its respective carrying amount, then we perform a quantitative impairment test. Evaluating the recoverability of

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goodwill requires judgments and assumptions regarding future trends and events. As a result, both the precision and reliability of our estimates are subject to uncertainty.

Our most recent annual impairment test of goodwill was a qualitative analysis conducted during the quarter ended September 30, 2020 that indicated no impairment. Subsequent to completing our 2020 annual impairment test, there were no events or changes in circumstances noted that required an interim impairment test.

The table below presents changes to the carrying amount of goodwill by segment during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 (in thousands).

	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
Balance at December 31, 2019 (1)	$	2,651,060	$	189,641	$	97,025	$	2,937,726
Foreign currency translation impact	1,187		29		(234)		982
Balance at September 30, 2020	$	2,652,247	$	189,670	$	96,791	$	2,938,708

(1)The Company does not have any accumulated goodwill impairment losses.

Finite-Lived Intangible Assets

The tables below present reconciliations of the carrying amounts of the Company’s finite-lived intangible assets as of the dates indicated (in thousands).

September 30, 2020	Customer Relationships		Software		Content		Other		Total
Gross cost at December 31, 2019	$	1,145,109	$	111,033	$	14,140	$	30,838	$	1,301,120
Intangible assets fully amortized	(1,650)		(787)		(9,929)		(772)		(13,138)
Foreign currency translation impact	(11,339)		(375)		(246)		(72)		(12,032)
Gross cost	1,132,120		109,871		3,965		29,994		1,275,950
Accumulated amortization (1)	(351,738)		(77,239)		(3,177)		(22,802)		(454,956)
Balance at September 30, 2020	$	780,382	$	32,632	$	788	$	7,192	$	820,994

December 31, 2019	Customer Relationships		Software		Content		Other		Total
Gross cost	$	1,145,109	$	111,033	$	14,140	$	30,838	$	1,301,120
Accumulated amortization (1)	(283,369)		(61,564)		(11,225)		(19,875)		(376,033)
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	861,740	$	49,469	$	2,915	$	10,963	$	925,087

(1) Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method over the following periods: Customer relationships—3 to 13 years; Software—2 to 7 years; Content—2 to 3 years; and Other—2 to 11 years.

Amortization expense related to finite-lived intangible assets was $31.2 million and $31.7 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $94.6 million and $97.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The estimated future amortization expense by year for finite-lived intangible assets is presented in the table below (in thousands).

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2020 (remaining three months)	$	30,226
2021	104,109
2022	94,288
2023	94,272
2024	88,975
Thereafter	409,124
	$	820,994

Note 7 — Debt

2030 Notes

On September 28, 2020, the Company issued $800 million aggregate principal amount of 3.75% Senior Notes due 2030 (the “2030 Notes”). The 2030 Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated as of September 28, 2020 (the “2030 Note Indenture”), among the Company, the guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee. The 2030 Notes were offered and sold only to persons reasonably believed to be qualified institutional buyers (as defined in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”)) pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act and outside the United States only to non-U.S. persons in accordance with Regulation S under the Securities Act.

The 2030 Notes were issued at an issue price of 100.0% and bear interest at a rate of 3.75% per annum. Interest on the 2030 Notes is payable on April 1 and October 1 of each year, beginning on April 1, 2021. The 2030 Notes will mature on October 1, 2030. The net proceeds of the 2030 Notes, together with cash on hand, were used to redeem the Company’s existing 5.125% senior notes due 2025 and pay related fees and expenses.

The Company may redeem some or all of the 2030 Notes at any time on or after October 1, 2025 for cash at the redemption prices set forth in the 2030 Note Indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. Prior to October 1, 2025, the Company may redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2030 Notes with the proceeds of certain equity offerings at a redemption price of 103.75% plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. In addition, the Company may redeem some or all of the 2030 Notes prior to October 1, 2025, at a redemption price of 100.0% of the principal amount of the 2030 Notes plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date, plus a “make-whole” premium. If the Company experiences specific kinds of change of control and a ratings decline, it will be required to offer to repurchase the 2030 Notes at a price equal to 101.0% of the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the repurchase date.

The 2030 Notes are the Company’s general unsecured senior obligations, and are effectively subordinated to all of the Company’s existing and future secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such indebtedness, structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and other liabilities of the Company’s non-guarantor subsidiaries, equal in right of payment to all of the Company’s and Company’s guarantor subsidiaries’ existing and future senior indebtedness and senior in right of payment to all of the Company’s future subordinated indebtedness, if any. The 2030 Notes are jointly and severally guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by certain of the Company’s domestic subsidiaries that have outstanding indebtedness or guarantee other specified indebtedness.

The 2030 Note Indenture contains covenants that limit, among other things, the Company’s ability and the ability of some of the Company’s subsidiaries to:

•create liens; and

•merge or consolidate with other entities.

These covenants are subject to a number of exceptions and qualifications. The 2030 Note Indenture also provides for events of default, which, if any of them occurs, would permit or require the principal, premium, if any, and interest on all the then outstanding 2030 Notes issued under the 2030 Note Indenture to be due and payable.

2028 Notes

On June 22, 2020, the Company issued $800 million aggregate principal amount of 4.50% Senior Notes due 2028 (the “2028 Notes”). The 2028 Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated as of June 22, 2020 (the “2028 Note Indenture”), among the Company, the guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee. The 2028 Notes were offered and sold only to persons reasonably believed to be qualified institutional buyers (as defined in the Securities Act) pursuant to Rule

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144A under the Securities Act and outside the United States only to non-U.S. persons in accordance with Regulation S under the Securities Act.

The 2028 Notes were issued at an issue price of 100.0% and bear interest at a rate of 4.50% per annum. Interest on the 2028 Notes is payable on January 1 and July 1 of each year, beginning on January 1, 2021. The Notes will mature on July 1, 2028.

The Company may redeem some or all of the 2028 Notes at any time on or after July 1, 2023 for cash at the redemption prices set forth in the 2028 Note Indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. Prior to July 1, 2023, the Company may redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2028 Notes with the proceeds of certain equity offerings at a redemption price of 104.5% plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. In addition, the Company may redeem some or all of the 2028 Notes prior to July 1, 2023, at a redemption price of 100.0% of the principal amount of the 2028 Notes plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date, plus a “make-whole” premium. If the Company experiences specific kinds of change of control and a ratings decline, it will be required to offer to repurchase the 2028 Notes at a price equal to 101.0% of the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the repurchase date.

The 2028 Notes are the Company’s general unsecured senior obligations, and are effectively subordinated to all of the Company’s existing and future secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such indebtedness, structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and other liabilities of the Company’s non-guarantor subsidiaries, equal in right of payment to all of the Company’s and Company’s guarantor subsidiaries’ existing and future senior indebtedness and senior in right of payment to all of the Company’s future subordinated indebtedness, if any. The 2028 Notes are jointly and severally guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by certain of the Company’s domestic subsidiaries that have outstanding indebtedness or guarantee other specified indebtedness.

The 2028 Note Indenture contains covenants that limit, among other things, the Company’s ability and the ability of some of the Company’s subsidiaries to:

•create liens; and

•merge or consolidate with other entities.

These covenants are subject to a number of exceptions and qualifications. The 2028 Note Indenture also provides for events of default, which, if any of them occurs, would permit or require the principal, premium, if any, and interest on all the then outstanding 2028 Notes issued under the 2028 Note Indenture to be due and payable.

2020 Credit Agreement

On September 28, 2020, the Company entered into an agreement among the Company, as borrower, the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (the “Administrative Agent,” and such agreement, the “2020 Credit Agreement”), which amended and restated the Company’s existing credit facility, dated as of June 17, 2016 (as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “2016 Credit Agreement”).

The 2020 Credit Agreement provides for a $400 million senior secured five-year term loan facility and a $1.0 billion senior secured five-year revolving facility. The term and revolving facilities may be increased, at the Company’s option and under certain conditions, by up to an additional $1.0 billion in the aggregate plus additional amounts subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, including a maximum secured leverage ratio. The term loan will be repaid in consecutive quarterly installments commencing December 31, 2020, plus a final payment due on September 28, 2025, and may be prepaid at any time without penalty or premium (other than applicable breakage costs) at the option of the Company. The revolving credit facility may be used for loans, and up to $75.0 million may be used for letters of credit. The revolving loans may be borrowed, repaid and re-borrowed until September 28, 2025, at which time all amounts borrowed must be repaid.

On September 28, 2020, the Company drew down $400 million in term loans. The initial drawdown was used to refinance the outstanding amounts under the 2016 Credit Agreement. Additional amounts drawn down under the 2020 Credit Agreement will be used for general corporate purposes, including the funding of acquisitions, payment of capital expenditures and the repurchase of shares.

The Company’s obligations under the 2020 Credit Agreement are guaranteed, on a secured basis, by certain existing and future direct and indirect U.S. subsidiaries (the “Subsidiary Guarantors”), pursuant to the Amended and Restated Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, dated September 28, 2020 (the “2020 Guarantee and Collateral Agreement”), which was entered into by the Company and the Subsidiary Guarantors in favor of the Administrative Agent and amended and restated the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, dated as of June 17, 2016 (as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time) in its entirety. Pursuant to the 2020 Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, the Company’s obligations under the 2020 Credit

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Agreement and the guarantees of the Subsidiary Guarantors are secured by first priority security interests in substantially all of the assets of the Company and the Subsidiary Guarantors, including pledges of all stock and other equity interests in direct subsidiaries owned by the Company and the Subsidiary Guarantors (but only up to 66% of the voting stock of each direct foreign subsidiary or foreign subsidiary holding company owned by the Company or any Subsidiary Guarantor). The security and pledges are subject to certain exceptions.

Loans under the 2020 Credit Agreement bear interest at a rate equal to, at the Company’s option, either (i) the greatest of: (x) the Wall Street Journal prime rate; (y) the average rate on Federal Reserve Board of New York rate plus 1/2 of 1%; and (z) and the adjusted LIBO rate (adjusted for statutory reserves) for a one-month interest period plus 1%, in each case plus a margin equal to between 0.125% and 1.25% depending on the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio as of the end of the four consecutive fiscal quarters most recently ended, or (ii) the adjusted LIBO rate (adjusted for statutory reserves) plus a margin equal to between 1.125% and 2.25%, depending on the Company’s leverage ratio as of the end of the four consecutive fiscal quarters most recently ended. The commitment fee payable on the unused portion of the revolving credit facility is equal to between 0.175% and 0.40% based on utilization of the revolving credit facility. The Company has also agreed to pay customary letter of credit fees.

The 2020 Credit Agreement contains certain customary restrictive loan covenants, including, among others, a financial covenant requiring a maximum leverage ratio, and covenants limiting the Company’s ability to incur indebtedness, grant liens, make acquisitions, be acquired, dispose of assets, pay dividends, repurchase stock, make capital expenditures, make investments and enter into certain transactions with affiliates.

The 2020 Credit Agreement contains customary events of default that include, among others, non-payment of principal, interest or fees, material inaccuracy of representations and warranties, violation of covenants, cross defaults to certain other indebtedness, bankruptcy and insolvency events, ERISA defaults, material judgments, and events constituting a change of control. The occurrence of an event of default will increase the applicable rate of interest by 2.0%, allow the lenders to terminate their obligations to lend under the 2020 Credit Agreement and could result in the acceleration of the Company’s obligations under the credit facilities and an obligation of any or all of the guarantors to pay the full amount of the Company’s obligations under the credit facilities.

2016 Credit Agreement

Prior to September 28, 2020, the Company had a credit facility that provided for a $1.5 billion Term loan A facility (the “Term Loan A facility”) and a $1.2 billion revolving credit facility. On June 30, 2020, the Company used proceeds from the 2028 Notes offering to prepay $787.9 million outstanding under the Term Loan A facility. The remaining amounts outstanding under the 2016 Credit Agreement were repaid when the Company entered into the 2020 Credit Agreement on September 28, 2020.

2025 Notes

Prior to September 28, 2020, the Company had $800.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.125% Senior Notes due 2025 (the “2025 Notes”). The 2025 Notes were issued at an issue price of 100.0% and bore interest at a fixed rate of 5.125% per annum.

In conjunction with the issuance of the 2030 Notes, the Company redeemed all of the 2025 Notes on September 28, 2020 for cash, and the Company recorded $30.8 million of charges for the early redemption premium and and $14.0 million of charges for the write-off of deferred financing costs related to the 2025 Notes and the 2016 Credit Agreement, which are recorded in Loss on extinguishment of debt on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Outstanding Borrowings

The table below summarizes the Company’s total outstanding borrowings as of the dates indicated (in thousands).

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	September 30,		December 31,
Description:	2020		2019
2020 Credit Agreement - Term loan facility (1)	$	400,000	$	—
2020 Credit Agreement - Revolving credit facility (2)	—		—
2016 Credit Agreement - Term Loan A facility	—		1,252,969
2016 Credit Agreement - Revolving credit facility	—		148,000
2025 Notes	—		800,000
2028 Notes (3)	800,000		—
2030 Notes (4)	800,000		—
Other (5)	6,172		6,545
Principal amount outstanding (6)	2,006,172		2,207,514
Less: deferred financing fees (7)	(28,188)		(23,908)
Net balance sheet carrying amount	$	1,977,984	$	2,183,606

(1)The contractual annualized interest rate as of September 30, 2020 on the 2020 Credit Agreement term loan facility and the revolving credit facility was 1.69%, which consisted of a floating Eurodollar base rate of 0.19% plus a margin of 1.50%. However, the Company has interest rate swap contracts that effectively convert the floating Eurodollar base rates on outstanding amounts to a fixed base rate.

(2)The Company had approximately $1.0 billion of available borrowing capacity on the 2020 Credit Agreement revolver (not including the expansion feature) as of September 30, 2020.

(3)Consists of $800.0 million principal amount of 2028 Notes outstanding. The 2028 Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.50% and mature on July 1, 2028.

(4)Consists of $800.0 million principal amount of 2030 Notes outstanding. The 2030 Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 3.75% and mature on October 1, 2030.

(5)Consists of two State of Connecticut economic development loans. One of the loans originated in 2012, has a 10-year maturity and the outstanding balance of $1.2 million as of September 30, 2020 bears interest at a fixed rate of 3.00%. The second loan, originated in 2019, has a 10-year maturity and bears interest at a fixed rate of 1.75%. Both of these loans may be repaid at any time by the Company without penalty.

(6)The weighted average annual effective rate on the Company’s outstanding debt for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, including the effects of its interest rate swaps discussed below, was 5.48% and 4.69%, respectively.

(7)Deferred financing fees are being amortized to Interest expense, net over the term of the related debt obligation.

Interest Rate Swaps

As of September 30, 2020, the Company had four fixed-for-floating interest rate swap contracts with a total notional value of $1.4 billion that mature through 2025. Prior to June 30, 2020, the Company designated the swaps as accounting hedges of the forecasted interest payments on its variable-rate borrowings. The Company pays base fixed rates on these swaps ranging from 2.13% to 3.04% and in return receives a floating Eurodollar base rate on 30-day notional borrowings.

Prior to the repayment of all amounts outstanding under the 2016 Credit Agreement revolving credit facility and the prepayment of $787.9 million under the Term Loan A facility on June 30, 2020, the Company accounted for its interest rate swap contracts as cash flow hedges in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 815. Because the swaps hedged forecasted interest payments, changes in the fair values of the swaps were recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a component of stockholders’ equity, as long as the swaps continued to be highly effective hedges of the designated interest rate risk. Any ineffective portion of a change in the fair value of a hedge was recorded in earnings. Upon the prepayment of $787.9 million under the Company’s Term Loan A facility and repayment of all amounts outstanding under the 2016 Credit Agreement revolving credit facility, the Company determined that it was probable that forecasted interest payments on $200.0 million of variable rate debt would not occur. Additionally, as the variable rate debt under the Term Loan A facility was replaced by $800.0 million of fixed rate debt under the 2028 Notes, the Company de-designated all of its interest rate swaps. As a result, the Company accelerated the release of $10.3 million from Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net related to the forecasted interest payments that were no longer probable. The loss was recorded in Other income (expense), net on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The remaining $111.2 million as of September 30, 2020 is classified within Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net and will be amortized into Interest expense, net over the terms of the hedged forecasted interest payments. Subsequent changes to fair value of the

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interest rate swaps will be recorded in Other income (expense), net. The interest rate swaps had negative unrealized fair values (liabilities) of $120.5 million and $64.8 million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, of which $84.6 million and $47.2 million were recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax effect, as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. See Note 11 — Fair Value Disclosures for the determination of the fair values of Company’s interest rate swaps.

Note 8 — Equity

Share Repurchase Authorization

The Company has a $1.2 billion board authorization to repurchase its common stock on the open market, of which $0.7 billion remained available as of September 30, 2020. The Company may repurchase its common stock from time-to-time in amounts, at prices and in the manner that the Company deems appropriate, subject to the availability of stock, prevailing market conditions, the trading price of the stock, the Company’s financial performance and other conditions. Repurchases may be made through open market purchases (which may include repurchase plans designed to comply with Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), accelerated share repurchases, private transactions or other transactions and will be funded by cash on hand and borrowings. The Company’s share repurchase activity is presented in the table below for the periods indicated.

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Number of shares repurchased (1)	17,167		705,800		440,873		929,311
Cash paid for repurchased shares (in thousands) (2)	$	2,255	$	94,878	$	76,117	$	141,436

(1) The average purchase price for repurchased shares was $131.35 and $134.42 for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $149.97 and $136.05 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. All of the shares repurchased during the three months ended September 30, 2020 related to the settlement of the Company’s stock-based compensation awards. The repurchased shares during the three months ended September 30, 2019 included purchases for both stock-based compensation awards and open market purchases. The repurchased shares during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 included purchases for both stock-based compensation awards and open market purchases.

(2) The cash paid for repurchased shares during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 included open market purchases with trade dates in December 2019 that settled in January 2020.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), net (“AOCI/L”)

The tables below provide information about the changes in AOCI/L by component and the related amounts reclassified out of AOCI/L to income during the periods indicated (net of tax, in thousands) (1).

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020

	Interest Rate Swaps		Defined Benefit Pension Plans		Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments		Total
Balance – June 30, 2020	$	(88,996)	$	(8,425)	$	(44,754)	$	(142,175)
Other comprehensive income (loss) activity during the period:
Change in AOCI/L before reclassifications to income	(1,033)		—		7,498		6,465
Reclassifications from AOCI/L to income (2), (3)	5,412		85		—		5,497
Other comprehensive income (loss) for the period	4,379		85		7,498		11,962
Balance – September 30, 2020	$	(84,617)	$	(8,340)	$	(37,256)	$	(130,213)

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Three Months Ended September 30, 2019

	Interest Rate Swaps		Defined Benefit Pension Plans		Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments		Total
Balance – June 30, 2019	$	(46,990)	$	(5,655)	$	(20,834)	$	(73,479)
Other comprehensive income (loss) activity during the period:
Change in AOCI/L before reclassifications to income	(10,285)		—		3,553		(6,731)
Reclassifications from AOCI/L to income (2), (3)	(1,094)		41		—		(1,054)
Other comprehensive income (loss) for the period	(11,379)		41		3,553		(7,785)
Balance – September 30, 2019	$	(58,369)	$	(5,614)	$	(17,281)	$	(81,264)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020

	Interest Rate Swaps		Defined Benefit Pension Plans		Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments		Total
Balance – December 31, 2019	$	(47,164)	$	(8,584)	$	(22,190)	$	(77,938)
Other comprehensive income (loss) activity during the period:
Change in AOCI/L before reclassifications to income	(58,022)		—		(15,066)		(73,088)
Reclassifications from AOCI/L to income (2), (3)	20,569		244		—		20,813
Other comprehensive income (loss) for the period	(37,453)		244		(15,066)		(52,275)
Balance – September 30, 2020	$	(84,617)	$	(8,340)	$	(37,256)	$	(130,213)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019

	Interest Rate Swaps		Defined Benefit Pension Plans		Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments		Total
Balance – December 31, 2018	$	(7,770)	$	(5,738)	$	(26,359)	$	(39,867)
Other comprehensive income (loss) activity during the period:
Change in AOCI/L before reclassifications to income	(46,224)		—		9,078		(37,146)
Reclassifications from AOCI/L to income (2), (3)	(4,375)		124		—		(4,251)
Other comprehensive income (loss) for the period	(50,599)		124		9,078		(41,397)
Balance – September 30, 2019	$	(58,369)	$	(5,614)	$	(17,281)	$	(81,264)

(1)Amounts in parentheses represent debits (deferred losses).

(2)$7.2 million of the reclassifications related to interest rate swaps (cash flow hedges) were recorded in Interest expense, net, for the three months ended September 30, 2020. $10.3 million and $17.7 million of the reclassifications related to interest rate swaps (cash flow hedges) were recorded in Other income (expense), net and Interest expense, net, respectively for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The reclassifications related to interest rate swaps (cash flow hedges) were recorded as Interest expense, net for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. See Note 7 — Debt and Note 10 — Derivatives and Hedging for information regarding the cash flow hedges.

(3)The reclassifications related to defined benefit pension plans were recorded in Other income (expense), net. See Note 12 – Employee Benefits for information regarding the Company’s defined benefit pension plans.

The estimated net amount of the existing losses on the Company’s interest rate swaps that are reported in Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net at September 30, 2020 that is expected to be reclassified into earnings within the next 12 months is $28.9 million.

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Note 9 — Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was a benefit of $2.8 million and an expense of $11.7 million, respectively. The provision for income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was an expense of $22.8 million compared to a benefit of $0.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

The effective income tax rate was a benefit of 19.7% and an expense of 22.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The effective income tax rate was an expense of 13.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to a benefit of 0.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The year to date results for both years include material benefits from intercompany sales of certain intellectual property. The three and nine months results for both years also include movements in unrecognized tax benefits as well as changes in estimated geographical mix of earnings. The changes in effective tax rates are largely attributable to the differences in the relative impacts of these items period over period.

The Company completed intercompany sales of certain intellectual property in both 2020 and 2019. As a result, the Company recorded tax benefits of approximately $28.3 million and $38.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. These benefits represent the value of future tax deductions for amortization of the assets in the acquiring jurisdiction.

In July 2020, the Company completed an intercompany contribution of a significant amount of intellectual property. The Company’s intellectual property footprint continues to evolve and may result in tax rate volatility in the future.

The Company had gross unrecognized tax benefits of $118.5 million on September 30, 2020 and $102.8 million on December 31, 2019. It is reasonably possible that gross unrecognized tax benefits will decrease by approximately $9.9 million within the next twelve months due to the anticipated closure of audits and the expiration of certain statutes of limitation.

Note 10 — Derivatives and Hedging

The Company enters into a limited number of derivative contracts to mitigate the cash flow risk associated with changes in interest rates on variable-rate debt and changes in foreign exchange rates on forecasted foreign currency transactions. The Company accounts for its outstanding derivative contracts in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 815, which requires all derivatives, including derivatives designated as accounting hedges, to be recorded on the balance sheet at fair value. The tables below provide information regarding the Company’s outstanding derivative contracts as of the dates indicated (in thousands, except for number of contracts).

September 30, 2020
Derivative Contract Type	Number of Contracts	Notional Amounts		Fair Value Asset (Liability), Net (3)		Balance Sheet Line Item	Unrealized Loss Recorded in AOCI/L, net of tax
Interest rate swaps (1)	4	$	1,400,000	$	(85,826)	Other liabilities	$	(84,617)
				(34,706)		Accrued liabilities
Foreign currency forwards (2)	38	211,495		(105)		Accrued liabilities	—
Total	42	$	1,611,495	$	(120,637)		$	(84,617)

December 31, 2019
Derivative Contract Type	Number of Contracts	Notional Amounts		Fair Value Asset (Liability), Net (3)		Balance Sheet Line Item	Unrealized Loss Recorded in AOCI/L, net of tax
Interest rate swaps (1)	4	$	1,400,000	$	(64,831)	Other liabilities	$	(47,164)
Foreign currency forwards (2)	176	604,858		59		Other current assets	—
Total	180	$	2,004,858	$	(64,772)		$	(47,164)

(1)Prior to June 30, 2020, the interest rate swaps were designated and accounted for as cash flow hedges of the forecasted interest payments on borrowings. As a result, changes in the fair values of the swaps were deferred and recorded in AOCI/L, net of tax effect. Upon the prepayment of $787.9 million under the Company’s Term Loan A facility and repayment of

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all amounts outstanding under the 2016 Credit Agreement revolving credit facility, the Company determined that it was probable that forecasted interest payments on $200.0 million of variable rate debt would not occur. Additionally, as the variable rate debt under the Term Loan A facility was replaced by $800.0 million of fixed rate debt under the 2028 Notes, the Company de-designated all of its interest rate swaps. Note 7 — Debt provides additional information regarding the Company’s interest rate swap contracts.

(2)The Company has foreign exchange transaction risk because it typically enters into transactions in the normal course of business that are denominated in foreign currencies that differ from the local functional currency. The Company enters into short-term foreign currency forward exchange contracts to mitigate the cash flow risk associated with changes in foreign currency rates on forecasted foreign currency transactions. These contracts are accounted for at fair value with realized and unrealized gains and losses recognized in Other income (expense), net because the Company does not designate these contracts as hedges for accounting purposes. All of the outstanding foreign currency forward exchange contracts at September 30, 2020 matured before October 31, 2020.

(3)See Note 11 — Fair Value Disclosures for the determination of the fair values of these instruments.

At September 30, 2020, all of the Company’s derivative counterparties were investment grade financial institutions. The Company did not have any collateral arrangements with its derivative counterparties and none of the derivative contracts contained credit-risk related contingent features. The table below provides information regarding amounts recognized in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for derivative contracts for the periods indicated (in thousands).

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
Amount recorded in:	2020		2019		2020		2019
Interest expense (income), net (1)	$	7,165	$	(1,504)	$	17,679	$	(6,015)
Other expense, net (2)	179		4,367		22,494		5,064
Total expense (income), net	$	7,344	$	2,863	$	40,173	$	(951)

(1)Consists of interest expense (income) from interest rate swap contracts.

(2)Consists of net realized and unrealized gains and losses on foreign currency forward contracts, gains and losses on de-designated interest rate swaps and $10.3 million of expense during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 on interest rate swap contracts due to forecasted interest payments no longer being probable as a result of the repayment of all amounts outstanding under the 2016 Credit Agreement revolving credit facility and the prepayment of $787.9 million under the Term Loan A facility and on June 30, 2020.

Note 11 — Fair Value Disclosures

The Company’s financial instruments include cash equivalents, fees receivable from customers, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, all of which are normally short-term in nature. The Company believes that the carrying amounts of these financial instruments reasonably approximate their fair values due to their short-term nature. The Company’s financial instruments also include its outstanding variable-rate borrowings under the 2020 Credit Agreement. The Company believes that the carrying amounts of its variable-rate borrowings reasonably approximate their fair values because the rates of interest on those borrowings reflect current market rates of interest for similar instruments with comparable maturities.

The Company enters into a limited number of derivatives transactions but does not enter into repurchase agreements, securities lending transactions or master netting arrangements. Receivables or payables that result from derivatives transactions are recorded gross in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

FASB ASC Topic 820 provides a framework for the measurement of fair value and a valuation hierarchy based on the transparency of inputs used in the valuation of assets and liabilities. Classification within the valuation hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the resulting fair value measurement. The valuation hierarchy contains three levels. Level 1 measurements consist of quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 measurements include significant other observable inputs such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; identical assets or liabilities in inactive markets; observable inputs such as interest rates and yield curves; and other market-corroborated inputs. Level 3 measurements include significant unobservable inputs such as internally-created valuation models. The Company does not currently utilize Level 3 valuation inputs to remeasure any of its assets or liabilities. However, Level 3 inputs may be used by the Company in its required annual impairment review of goodwill. Information regarding the periodic assessment of the Company’s goodwill is included in Note 6 — Goodwill and Intangible Assets. The Company does not typically transfer assets or liabilities between different levels of the valuation hierarchy.

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The table below presents the fair values of certain financial assets and liabilities (in thousands).

Description	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Assets:
Values based on Level 1 inputs:
Deferred compensation plan assets (1)	$	9,010	$	2,277
Total Level 1 inputs	9,010		2,277
Values based on Level 2 inputs:
Deferred compensation plan assets (1)	69,568		73,419
Foreign currency forward contracts (2)	71		1,558
Total Level 2 inputs	69,639		74,977
Total Assets	$	78,649	$	77,254
Liabilities:
Values based on Level 2 inputs:
Deferred compensation plan liabilities (1)	$	84,053	$	79,556
Foreign currency forward contracts (2)	176		1,499
Interest rate swap contracts (3)	120,532		64,831
2025 Notes (4)	—		835,384
2028 Notes (5)	840,392		—
2030 Notes (6)	810,752		—
Total Level 2 inputs	1,855,905		981,270
Total Liabilities	$	1,855,905	$	981,270

(1)The Company has a deferred compensation plan for the benefit of certain highly compensated officers, managers and other key employees. The assets consist of investments in money market funds, mutual funds and company-owned life insurance contracts, which are valued based on Level 1 or Level 2 inputs. The related deferred compensation plan liabilities are recorded at fair value, or the estimated amount needed to settle the liability, which the Company considers to be a Level 2 input.

(2)The Company enters into foreign currency forward exchange contracts to hedge the effects of adverse fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates (see Note 10 — Derivatives and Hedging). Valuation of these contracts is based on observable foreign currency exchange rates in active markets, which the Company considers to be a Level 2 input.

(3)The Company has interest rate swap contracts that hedge the risk of variability from interest payments on its borrowings (see Note 7 — Debt). The fair values of interest rate swaps are based on mark-to-market valuations prepared by a third-party broker. Those valuations are based on observable interest rates from recently executed market transactions and other observable market data, which the Company considers to be Level 2 inputs. The Company independently corroborates the reasonableness of the valuations prepared by the third-party broker by using an electronic quotation service.

(4)As discussed in Note 7 — Debt, prior to September 28, 2020, the Company had $800.0 million of principal amount with 5.125% fixed-rate 2025 Notes due in 2025. The estimated fair values of the notes were derived from quoted market prices provided by an independent dealer, which the Company considers to be a Level 2 input. The carrying amount of the 2025 Notes was $785.0 million as of December 31, 2019.

(5)As discussed in Note 7 — Debt, on June 22, 2020 the Company issued $800 million aggregate principal amount of 4.50% fixed-rate 2028 Notes due in 2028. The estimated fair values of the notes was derived from quoted market prices provided by an independent dealer, which the Company considers to be a Level 2 input. The carrying amounts of the 2028 Notes were $790.5 million as of September 30, 2020.

(6)As discussed in Note 7 — Debt, on September 28, 2020 the Company issued $800 million aggregate principal amount of 3.75% fixed-rate 2030 Notes due in 2030. The estimated fair values of the notes was derived from quoted market prices provided by an independent dealer, which the Company considers to be a Level 2 input. The carrying amounts of the 2030 Notes were $790.5 million as of September 30, 2020.

Note 12 — Employee Benefits

The Company has defined benefit pension plans at several of its international locations. Benefits earned and paid under those plans are generally based on years of service and level of employee compensation. The Company’s defined benefit pension plans are accounted for in accordance with FASB ASC Topics 715 and 960. Net periodic pension expense was $1.2 million and

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$0.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Net periodic pension expense was $3.3 million and $2.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Note 13 — Contingencies

Legal Matters. The Company is involved in legal proceedings and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. We record a provision for pending litigation in our consolidated financial statements when we determine that an unfavorable outcome is probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. We believe that the potential liability, if any, in excess of amounts already accrued from all proceedings, claims and litigation will not have a material effect on our financial position, cash flows or results of operations when resolved in a future period.

Indemnifications. The Company has various agreements that may obligate us to indemnify the other party with respect to certain matters. Generally, these indemnification clauses are included in contracts arising in the normal course of business under which we customarily agree to hold the other party harmless against losses arising from a breach of representations related to matters such as title to assets sold and licensed or certain intellectual property rights. It is not possible to predict the maximum potential amount of future payments under these indemnification agreements due to the conditional nature of the Company’s obligations and the unique facts of each particular agreement. Historically, payments made by us under these agreements have not been material. As of September 30, 2020, the Company did not have any material payment obligations under any such indemnification agreements.

Note 14 — Leases

The Company’s leasing activities are primarily for facilities under cancelable and non-cancelable lease agreements expiring during 2020 and through 2038. These facilities support our executive and administrative activities, sales, systems support, operations, and other functions. The Company also has leases for office equipment and other assets, which are not significant. Certain of these lease agreements include (i) renewal options to extend the lease term for up to five years and/or (ii) options to terminate the agreement within one year. Additionally, certain of the Company’s lease agreements provide standard recurring escalations of lease payments for, among other things, increases in a lessor’s maintenance costs and taxes. Under some lease agreements, the Company may be entitled to allowances, free rent, lessor-financed tenant improvements and other incentives. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

The Company subleases certain office space that it does not intend to occupy. Such sublease arrangements expire during 2021 and through 2032 and primarily relate to facilities in Arlington, Virginia. Certain of the Company’s sublease agreements: (i) include renewal and termination options; (ii) provide for customary escalations of lease payments in the normal course of business; and (iii) grant the subtenant certain allowances, free rent, Gartner-financed tenant improvements and other incentives.

All of the Company’s leasing and subleasing activity is recognized in Selling, general and administrative expense in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The table below presents the Company’s net lease cost and certain other information related to the Company’s leasing activities as of and for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands).

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
Description:	2020		2019		2020		2019
Operating lease cost (1)	$	34,290	$	35,443	$	107,424	$	106,958
Variable lease cost (2)	4,006		3,902		12,382		11,517
Sublease income	(6,777)		(10,205)		(28,587)		(30,767)
Total lease cost, net (3)	$	31,519	$	29,140	$	91,219	$	87,708
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities	$	34,763	$	32,294	$	103,725	$	100,172
Cash receipts from sublease arrangements	$	9,592	$	9,000	$	28,512	$	25,131
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	527	$	38,571	$	19,061	$	67,756

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(1)Included in operating lease cost was $10.5 million and $10.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $31.7 million and $32.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, and 2019, respectively, for costs related to subleasing activities.

(2)These amounts are primarily variable lease and nonlease costs that were not fixed at the lease commencement date or are dependent on something other than an index or a rate.

(3)The Company did not capitalize any operating lease costs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.

The table below indicates where the discounted operating lease payments from the above table are classified in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2020 (in thousands).

Description:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	82,391
Operating leases - liabilities	785,705
Total operating lease liabilities per the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet	$	868,096

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The purpose of this Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) is to facilitate an understanding of significant factors influencing the quarterly operating results, financial condition and cash flows of Gartner, Inc. Additionally, the MD&A conveys our expectations of the potential impact of known trends, events or uncertainties that may impact future results. You should read this discussion in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (the “2019 Form 10-K”). Historical results and percentage relationships are not necessarily indicative of operating results for future periods. References to “Gartner,” the “Company,” “we,” “our” and “us” in this MD&A are to Gartner, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

In addition to historical information, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements are any statements other than statements of historical fact, including statements regarding our expectations, beliefs, hopes, intentions, projections or strategies regarding the future. In some cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “should,” “could,” “believe,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “continue” or other words of similar meaning.

We operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment that involves numerous known and unknown risks and uncertainties, some of which are beyond our control. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in any of our forward-looking statements are reasonable, actual results could differ materially from those projected or assumed in any of our forward-looking statements. Our future quarterly and annual revenues, operating income, results of operations and cash flows, as well as any forward-looking statement, are subject to change and to inherent risks and uncertainties, such as those disclosed or incorporated by reference in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Important factors that could cause our actual results, performance and achievements, or industry results to differ materially from estimates or projections contained in our forward-looking statements include, among others, the following: uncertainty of the magnitude, duration, geographic reach and impact on the global economy of the COVID-19 pandemic; the current, and uncertain future, impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and governments’ responses to it on our business, growth, reputation, projections, prospects, financial condition, operations, cash flows, and liquidity; the adequacy or effectiveness or steps we take to respond to the crisis, including cost reduction or other mitigation programs; our ability to recover potential claims under our event cancellation insurance; the timing of our Gartner Symposium/Xpo series that normally occurs during the fourth quarter, as well as our other conferences and meetings; the amount of new business generated, including from acquisitions; the mix of domestic and international business; domestic and international economic conditions; the U.K.’s exit from the European Union and its impact on our results; the impact of changes in tax policy and heightened scrutiny from various taxing authorities globally; the impact of restructuring and other changes on our business and operations; cybersecurity incidents; changes in market demand for our products and services; changes in foreign currency rates; changes in macroeconomic and market conditions and market volatility (including developments and volatility arising from the COVID-19 pandemic), including interest rates and the effect on the credit markets and access to capital; risks associated with the creditworthiness, budget cuts, and shutdown of governments and agencies; the timing of the development, introduction and marketing of new products and services; competition in the industry; the payment of performance compensation; uncertainty from the expected discontinuance of LIBOR and transition to any other interest rate benchmark; and other risks and uncertainties detailed in this Form 10-Q and our most recent Form 10-K and other filings that we make with the SEC. The potential fluctuations in our operating income could cause period-to-period comparisons of operating results not to be meaningful and could provide an unreliable indication of future operating results. A description of the risk factors associated with our business is included under “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A. of the 2019 Form 10-K and “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of our Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020.

Forward-looking statements are subject to risks, estimates and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed in, or implied by, the forward-looking statements, and are currently, or in the future could be, amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic. Factors that might cause such a difference include, but are not limited to, those listed above or described under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in the 2019 Form 10-K and “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of our Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020. Readers should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s opinion only as of the date on which they were made. Forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q speak only as of the date hereof, and forward-looking statements in documents attached that are incorporated by reference speak only as of the date of those documents. Except as required by law, we disclaim any obligation to review or update these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances as they occur.

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BUSINESS OVERVIEW

Gartner, Inc. (NYSE: IT) is the world’s leading research and advisory company and a member of the S&P 500. We equip business leaders with indispensable insights, advice and tools to achieve their mission–critical priorities today and build the successful organizations of tomorrow. We believe our unmatched combination of expert-led, practitioner-sourced and data-driven research steers clients toward the right decisions on the issues that matter most. We are a trusted advisor and an objective resource for more than 14,000 enterprises in more than 100 countries — across all major functions, in every industry and enterprise size.

Our products and services are delivered through three segments – Research, Conferences and Consulting, as described below.

•Research provides trusted, objective insights and advice on the mission-critical priorities of leaders across all functional areas of an enterprise through reports, briefings, proprietary tools, access to our research experts, peer networking services and membership programs that enable our clients to drive organizational performance.

•Conferences provides business professionals across an organization the opportunity to learn, share and network. From our Gartner Symposium/Xpo series, to industry-leading conferences focused on specific business roles and topics, to peer-driven sessions, our offerings enable attendees to experience the best of Gartner insight and advice.

•Consulting combines the power of Gartner market-leading research with custom analysis and on-the-ground support to help chief information officers and other senior executives driving technology-related strategic initiatives move confidently from insight to action.

COVID-19 Impact

The coronavirus disease (“COVID-19”) pandemic has affected nearly every region in the world and has created significant uncertainties and disruption in the global economy. Gartner is closely monitoring the pandemic-related developments, and our highest priority is the health and safety of our associates, clients, vendors, partners, and other stakeholders. We are working closely with our clients to provide best in class COVID-19 related research to assist them in achieving their mission critical priorities.

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we temporarily closed Gartner offices (including our corporate headquarters) in the United States, United Kingdom, Europe, parts of Asia and several other impacted locations and implemented significant travel restrictions. Though many of our employees continue to work remotely, these changes impact the normal operation of our business. We cannot predict when or how we will begin to lift the actions put in place as part of our business continuity plans, including work from home protocols and travel restrictions. As of the date of this filing, we do not believe our work from home protocol has affected our internal controls over financial reporting.

We have seen negative impacts to all of our segments with Conferences being the most impacted. On March 25, 2020, we announced the cancellation of all in-person destination conferences through August. On July 2, 2020, we announced the cancellation of all in-person destination conferences for the remainder of the year. We held two destination conferences virtually during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and plan on holding 13 destination conferences virtually in the fourth quarter of 2020. These virtual conferences are expected to result in significantly less revenue and gross contribution but aid in client retention and engagement. The safety of our associates and clients remain our top priority so future in-person destination conferences will be held only if we determine the relevant impacts of COVID-19 have sufficiently receded in the jurisdictions where our conferences are to be held.

As of September 30, 2020, we had approximately $16 million recorded in Prepaid expenses and other current assets on the balance sheet related to cancelled conferences. We expect to recover the majority of these and potential termination costs for future conferences through either force majeure clauses in our vendor contracts, other arrangements with vendors or event cancellation insurance claims. For cancelled conferences, our event cancellation insurance enables us to receive an amount up to the lost contribution margin per conference plus incurred expenses. Our event cancellation insurance provides up to $170 million in coverage for 2020 with the right to reinstate that amount one time if those limits are utilized. The insurer has contested our right to reinstate limits and to include in reinstated limits conferences cancelled due to COVID-19. We are in litigation with the insurer on these issues. The timing of receiving the insurance claims is uncertain so we will not record any insurance claims in excess of expenses incurred until the receipt of the insurance proceeds.

Our Research segment has continued to experience a slowdown as contract value (CV) growth was 5.3% in the third quarter of 2020 compared to 10.6%, and 7.0% in the first and second quarters of 2020, respectively. CV growth slowed late in the first

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quarter as the global virus response led to lower new business growth and lower retention rates. However, because our revenue and CV have been historically stable and predictable as a result of our subscription-based business model, we are only expecting a modest decrease in Research revenue for the remainder of the year. Slower CV growth this year however will lead to slower research revenue growth in 2021. Nonetheless, we believe that our emphasis on producing business and technology insight into every major business function in the enterprise will continue to drive client engagement and satisfaction with our Research products.

Our Consulting segment was only moderately impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic as many engagements are being performed by associates working remotely. Labor based consulting weakened late in the first quarter due to the pandemic. This weakness continued in the second and third quarters due to weaker demand which will likely continue for the remainder of 2020. Overall, we expect Consulting revenues to be lower throughout the remainder of the year, due to a slowdown in labor-based demand.

In connection with the cancellation of the majority of 2020 conferences and the weaker demand in our Consulting segment noted above, in the second quarter of 2020, we implemented workforce reductions. We incurred an aggregate of approximately $17 million in costs relating to these workforce reductions in the nine months ended September 30, 2020. $12 million has been paid through the nine months ended September 30, 2020, and we expect the majority of the remaining charges to be paid out in the fourth quarter of 2020.

In response to the pandemic’s impacts to our business, we implemented cost avoidance initiatives in the first half of 2020 including significant limitations on hiring and third-party spending, reductions to discretionary spending and elimination of non-essential travel and re-prioritization of capital expenditures. We began to restore certain investments in the business during the third quarter and will likely continue these investments in the fourth quarter of 2020 and future periods.

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BUSINESS MEASUREMENTS

We believe that the following business measurements are important performance indicators for our business segments:

BUSINESS SEGMENT	BUSINESS MEASUREMENT
Research	Total contract value represents the value attributable to all of our subscription-related contracts. It is calculated as the annualized value of all contracts in effect at a specific point in time, without regard to the duration of the contract. Total contract value primarily includes Research deliverables for which revenue is recognized on a ratable basis, as well as other deliverables (primarily Conferences tickets) for which revenue is recognized when the deliverable is utilized. Comparing contract value year-over-year not only measures the short-term growth of our business, but also signals the long-term health of our Research subscription business since it measures revenue that is highly likely to recur over a multi-year period. Our total contract value consists of Global Technology Sales contract value, which includes sales to users and providers of technology, and Global Business Sales contract value, which includes sales to all other functional leaders.
	Client retention rate represents a measure of client satisfaction and renewed business relationships at a specific point in time. Client retention is calculated on a percentage basis by dividing our current clients, who were also clients a year ago, by all clients from a year ago. Client retention is calculated at an enterprise level, which represents a single company or customer.
	Wallet retention rate represents a measure of the amount of contract value we have retained with clients over a twelve-month period. Wallet retention is calculated on a percentage basis by dividing the contract value of our current clients, who were also clients a year ago, by the total contract value from a year ago, excluding the impact of foreign currency exchange. When wallet retention exceeds client retention, it is an indication of retention of higher-spending clients, or increased spending by retained clients, or both. Wallet retention is calculated at an enterprise level, which represents a single company or customer.
Conferences	Number of destination conferences represents the total number of hosted virtual or in-person destination conferences completed during the period. Single day, local meetings are excluded.
	Number of destination conferences attendees represents the total number of people who attend virtual or in-person destination conferences. Single day, local meetings are excluded.
Consulting	Consulting backlog represents future revenue to be derived from in-process consulting and measurement engagements.
	Utilization rate represents a measure of productivity of our consultants. Utilization rates are calculated for billable headcount on a percentage basis by dividing total hours billed by total hours available to bill.
	Billing rate represents earned billable revenue divided by total billable hours.
	Average annualized revenue per billable headcount represents a measure of the revenue generating ability of an average billable consultant and is calculated periodically by multiplying the average billing rate per hour times the utilization percentage times the billable hours available for one year.

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL POSITION

The fundamentals of our strategy include a focus on creating extraordinary research insight, delivering innovative and highly differentiated product offerings, building a strong sales capability, providing world class client service with a focus on client engagement and retention, and continuously improving our operational effectiveness.

We had total revenues of $1.0 billion during the third quarter of 2020, a decrease of 1% compared to the third quarter of 2019. During the third quarter of 2020 revenues for Research increased by 6% year-over-year, while Conferences and Consulting revenues declined by 81% and 4%, respectively. For a more complete discussion of our results by segment, see Segment Results below.

For the third quarter of 2020, we had net income of $17.0 million and diluted income per share of $0.19. Cash provided by operating activities was $642.8 million and $482.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. As of September 30, 2020, we had $553.7 million of cash and cash equivalents and $1.0 billion of available borrowing capacity on our revolving credit facility. For a more complete discussion of our cash flows and financial position, see the Liquidity and Capital Resources section below.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

For information regarding our critical accounting policies and estimates, please refer to Part II, Item 7, “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019. There have been no material changes to the critical accounting policies previously disclosed in that report.

RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

The FASB has issued accounting standards that have not yet become effective and that may impact the Company’s consolidated financial statements or its disclosures in future periods. Note 1 — Business and Basis of Presentation in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements provides information regarding those accounting standards.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Consolidated Results

We provide foreign currency neutral dollar amounts and percentages for our contract values, revenues, certain expenses, and other metrics. These foreign currency neutral dollar amounts and percentages eliminate the effects of exchange rate fluctuations and thus provide a more accurate and meaningful trend in the underlying data being measured. We calculate foreign currency neutral dollar amounts by converting the underlying amounts in local currency for different periods into U.S. dollars by applying the same foreign exchange rates to all periods presented.

The table below presents an analysis of selected line items and period-over-period changes in our interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the periods indicated (in thousands).

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	Three Months Ended September 30, 2020		Three Months Ended September 30, 2019		Increase (Decrease)		Increase (Decrease) %
Total revenues	$	994,618	$	1,000,502	$	(5,884)	(1)	%
Costs and expenses:
Cost of services and product development	329,767		365,056		(35,289)		(10)
Selling, general and administrative	521,508		512,159		9,349		2
Depreciation	22,743		20,704		2,039		10
Amortization of intangibles	31,228		31,694		(466)		(1)
Acquisition and integration charges	1,722		1,742		(20)		(1)
Operating income	87,650		69,147		18,503		27
Interest expense, net	(30,538)		(24,073)		6,465		27
Loss on extinguishment of debt	(44,814)		—		44,814		nm
Other income, net	1,869		8,024		6,155		(77)
Less: (Benefit) provision for income taxes	(2,797)		11,710		(14,507)		nm
Net income	$	16,964	$	41,388	$	(24,424)	(59)	%

nm = not meaningful

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019		Increase (Decrease)		Increase (Decrease) %
Total revenues	$	2,986,644	$	3,041,828	$	(55,184)	(2)	%
Costs and expenses:
Cost of services and product development	993,596		1,099,700		(106,104)		(10)
Selling, general and administrative	1,512,987		1,545,905		(32,918)		(2)
Depreciation	67,988		60,578		7,410		12
Amortization of intangibles	94,615		97,541		(2,926)		(3)
Acquisition and integration charges	5,438		4,156		1,282		31
Operating income	312,020		233,948		78,072		33
Interest expense, net	(87,182)		(73,669)		13,513		18
Loss from divested operations	—		(2,075)		(2,075)		nm
Loss on extinguishment of debt	(44,814)		—		44,814		nm
Other (expense) income, net	(10,046)		6,953		16,999		nm
Less: Provision (benefit) for income taxes	22,840		(432)		(23,272)		nm
Net income	$	147,138	$	165,589	$	(18,451)	(11)	%

nm = not meaningful

Total revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2020 were $1.0 billion, a decrease of $5.9 million, or 1% compared to the same period in 2019 on a reported basis and 1% excluding the foreign currency impact. Total revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 were $3.0 billion, a decrease of $55.2 million, or 2% compared to the same period in 2019 on a reported basis and 1% excluding the foreign currency impact. Refer to the section of this MD&A below entitled “Segment Results” for a discussion of revenues and results by segment.

Cost of services and product development was $329.8 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020, a decrease of $35.3 million compared to the same period in 2019, or 10% on a reported basis and excluding the foreign currency impact. The decrease in Cost of services and product development was primarily due to decreased costs related to cancellations of conferences during the third quarter of fiscal year 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, lower travel and entertainment costs during the quarter as well as the implementation of various cost avoidance initiatives. Cost of services and product

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development as a percent of revenues was 33% and 36% during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Cost of services and product development was $993.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, a decrease of $106.1 million compared to the same period in 2019, or 10% on a reported basis and 9% excluding the foreign currency impact. The decrease was primarily due to the same factors that caused the year-over-year quarterly decrease, partially offset by higher payroll and benefits costs. Cost of services and product development as a percent of revenues was 33% and 36% during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expense was $521.5 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $9.3 million compared to the same period in 2019, or 2% on a reported basis and 1% excluding the foreign currency impact. The increase in SG&A expense was primarily due to the restoration of some compensation and benefits programs, partially offset by reduced travel and entertainment costs resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic for the three months ended September 30, 2020. There was a decrease in the number of quota-bearing sales associates in Global Technology Sales and Global Business Sales to 3,092 and 843, respectively, at September 30, 2020. On a combined basis, the total number of quota-bearing sales associates decreased by 8% when compared to September 30, 2019. SG&A expense as a percent of revenues was 52% and 51% during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. SG&A expense was $1,513.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, a decrease of $32.9 million compared to the same period in 2019, or 2% on a reported basis and 1% excluding the foreign currency impact. The decrease in SG&A expense was primarily due to reduced internal meetings, travel and entertainment costs and corporate expenses, partially offset by higher payroll related expenses. SG&A expense as a percent of revenues was 51% during both periods of the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.

Depreciation increased by 10% and 12% during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2019. The increases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 was due to additional investments, including new leasehold improvements as additional office space went into service, and capitalized software.

Amortization of intangibles decreased by 1% and 3% during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2019 due to certain intangible assets that became fully amortized in 2019.

Acquisition and integration charges were flat and increased by $1.3 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2019.

Operating income was $87.7 million and $69.1 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The increase in operating income was due to reduced Costs of services and product development, partially offset by lower revenue, primarily in our Conferences segment, and increased SG&A expenses. Operating income was $312.0 million and $233.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The increase in operating income was due to reduced Cost of services and product development and SG&A expense, partially offset by lower revenue, primarily in our Conferences segment.

Interest expense, net increased by $6.5 million and $13.5 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2019. The increase was primarily due to higher weighted average annual effective rates related to the replacement of expired interest rate swaps with interest rate swaps with higher effective interest rates in late 2019. Additionally, we wrote off $1.8 million of deferred financing fees related to the prepayment of $787.9 million on the Term Loan A facility during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Loss from divested operations of $2.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was primarily due to adjustments of certain working capital balances resulting from the Company’s 2018 business unit divestitures.

Loss on extinguishment of debt during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 was primarily related to the early redemption premium and write-off of deferred financing fees on our redemption of the 2025 Notes on September 28, 2020.

Other (expense) income, net for the periods presented herein included the net impact of foreign currency gains and losses from our hedging activities. Other (expense) income, net for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 also included the release of $10.3 million from Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net related to forecasted interest payments that were no longer probable on our interest rate swap contracts, due to the prepayment of $787.9 million under the Company’s Term Loan A facility and repayment of all amounts outstanding under our revolving credit facility on our 2016 Credit Agreement. Other (expense) income, net for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 included $9.1 million of unrealized appreciation related to a minority equity investment that we sold in October 2019.

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The provision for income taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was a benefit of $2.8 million and an expense of $11.7 million, respectively. The provision for income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was an expense of $22.8 million compared to a benefit of $0.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

The effective income tax rate was a benefit of 19.7% and an expense of 22.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The effective income tax rate was an expense of 13.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to a benefit of 0.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The year to date results for both years included material benefits from intercompany sales of certain intellectual property. The three and nine months results for both years also included movements in unrecognized tax benefits as well as changes in estimated geographical mix of earnings. The changes in effective tax rates were largely attributable to the differences in the relative impacts of these items period over period.

We completed intercompany sales of certain intellectual property in both 2020 and 2019. As a result, we recorded tax benefits of approximately $28.3 million and $38.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. These benefits represented the value of future tax deductions for amortization of the assets in the acquiring jurisdiction.

In July 2020, we completed an intercompany contribution of a significant amount of intellectual property. Our intellectual property footprint continues to evolve and may result in tax rate volatility in the future.

Net income for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was $17.0 million and $41.4 million, respectively, while net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was $147.1 million and $165.6 million, respectively. Our diluted net income per share during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 decreased by $0.27 and $0.19, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2019. The decrease during the three months ended September 30, 2020 was primarily the result of the Loss on extinguishment of debt noted above, a decrease in revenues and increased Interest expense, partially offset by reduced operating expenses and income tax expense. The decrease for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was the result of the Loss on extinguishment of debt, increased Interest expense and Other expense, net and increased income tax expense, partially offset by an increase in our 2020 operating income.

SEGMENT RESULTS

We evaluate reportable segment performance and allocate resources based on gross contribution margin. Gross contribution is defined as operating income or loss excluding certain Cost of services and product development expenses, SG&A expenses, Depreciation, Amortization of intangibles, and Acquisition and integration charges. Gross contribution margin is defined as gross contribution as a percent of revenues.

Reportable Segments

The Company’s reportable segments are as follows:

•Research provides trusted, objective insights and advice on the mission-critical priorities of leaders across all functional areas of an enterprise through reports, briefings, proprietary tools, access to our research experts, peer networking services and membership programs that enable our clients to drive organizational performance.

•Conferences provides business professionals across an organization the opportunity to learn, share and network. From our Gartner Symposium/Xpo series, to industry-leading conferences focused on specific business roles and topics, to peer-driven sessions, our offerings enable attendees to experience the best of Gartner insight and advice.

•Consulting combines the power of Gartner market-leading research with custom analysis and on-the-ground support to help chief information officers and other senior executives driving technology-related strategic initiatives move confidently from insight to action.

The sections below present the results of the Company’s three reportable business segments.

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Research

	As Of And For The Three Months Ended September 30, 2020			As Of And For The Three Months Ended September 30, 2019			Increase (Decrease)		Percentage Increase (Decrease)		As Of And For The Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020			As Of And For The Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019			Increase (Decrease)		Percentage Increase (Decrease)
Financial Measurements:
Revenues (1)	$	892,719		$	840,998		$	51,721	6	%	$	2,677,339		$	2,492,427		$	184,912	7	%
Gross contribution (1)	$	642,328		$	582,502		$	59,826	10	%	$	1,928,422		$	1,729,967		$	198,455	11	%
Gross contribution margin	72		%	69		%	3 points		—		72		%	69		%	3 points		—
Business Measurements:
Global Technology Sales (2):
Contract value (1), (3)	$	2,786,000		$	2,649,000		$	137,000	5	%
Client retention	80		%	82		%	(2) points		—
Wallet retention	99		%	105		%	(6) points		—
Global Business Sales (2):
Contract value (1), (3)	$	656,000		$	621,000		$	35,000	6	%
Client retention	82		%	81		%	1 point		—
Wallet retention	99		%	97		%	2 points		—

(1)Dollars in thousands.

(2)Global Technology Sales includes sales to users and providers of technology. Global Business Sales includes sales to all other functional leaders.

(3)Contract values are on a foreign exchange neutral basis. Contract values as of September 30, 2019 have been calculated using the same foreign currency rates as 2020.

Research revenues increased by $51.7 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019, or 6% on a reported basis and excluding the foreign currency impact. The segment gross contribution margin was 72% and 69% during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, Research revenues increased by $184.9 million compared to the same period in 2019, or 7% on a reported basis and 8% excluding the foreign currency impact. The increase in revenues during 2020 was primarily due to the same factors driving the trend in our Research contract value, which are discussed below. The improvement in margin of 3 points for both the three and nine months ended compared to prior year was primarily due to the growth in revenue and a decline in travel and entertainment expenses due to COVID-19 travel restrictions.

Total contract value increased to $3.4 billion at September 30, 2020, or 5% compared to September 30, 2019 on a foreign exchange neutral basis. Global Technology Sales (“GTS”) contract value increased by 5% at September 30, 2020 when compared to September 30, 2019. The increase in GTS contract value was primarily due to new business from new and existing clients. Global Business Sales (“GBS”) contract value increased by 6% year-over-year, also primarily driven by new business from new and existing clients.

GTS client retention was 80.1% and 81.7% as of September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, while wallet retention was 98.7% and 104.7%, respectively. GBS client retention was 82.3% and 81.1% as of September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, while wallet retention was 98.9% and 96.7%, respectively. The increase in GBS wallet retention was largely due to increased spending by existing clients. The number of GTS client enterprises declined by 3% when compared to prior year, while GBS client enterprises declined by 9% at September 30, 2020 when compared to September 30, 2019.

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Conferences

	As Of And For The Three Months Ended September 30, 2020			As Of And For The Three Months Ended September 30, 2019			Increase (Decrease)		Percentage Increase (Decrease)		As Of And For The Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020			As Of And For The Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019			Increase (Decrease)		Percentage Increase (Decrease)
Financial Measurements:
Revenues (1)	$	12,738		$	66,286		$	(53,548)	(81)	%	$	26,925		$	259,392		$	(232,467)	(90)	%
Gross contribution (1)	$	2,044		$	27,465		$	(25,421)	(93)	%	$	(15,246)		$	126,910		$	(142,156)	(112)	%
Gross contribution margin	16		%	41		%	(25) points		—		(57)		%	49		%	nm		—
Business Measurements:
Number of destination conferences (2)	2			18			(16)		(89)	%	7			57			(50)		(88)	%
Number of destination conferences attendees (2)	2,584			14,739			(12,155)		(82)	%	5,948			52,685			(46,737)		(89)	%

nm = not meaningful

(1)Dollars in thousands.

(2)Includes both virtual and in-person destination conferences. Single day, local meetings are excluded.

Due to the outbreak of COVID-19, we held no in-person destination conferences during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and cancelled all in-person destination conferences for the remainder of 2020. However, we successfully held two destination conferences virtually during the three months ended September 30, 2020, and plan on holding 13 destination conferences virtually for the remainder of 2020. We began holding virtual single day conferences during the second quarter. Conferences revenues decreased by $53.5 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019, or 81% on a reported basis and excluding the foreign currency impact. Conference revenues decreased by $232.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019, or 90% on a reported basis and excluding the foreign currency impact. Gross contribution declined to $2.0 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to $27.5 million in the same period last year. Gross contribution declined to negative $15.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to positive $126.9 million in the same period last year.

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Consulting

	As Of And For The Three Months Ended September 30, 2020			As Of And For The Three Months Ended September 30, 2019			Increase (Decrease)		Percentage Increase (Decrease)		As Of And For The Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020			As Of And For The Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019			Increase (Decrease)		Percentage Increase (Decrease)
Financial Measurements:
Revenues (1)	$	89,161		$	93,218		$	(4,057)	(4)	%	$	282,380		$	290,009		$	(7,629)	(3)	%
Gross contribution (1)	$	28,161		$	26,538		$	1,623	6	%	$	91,086		$	89,493		$	1,593	2	%
Gross contribution margin	32		%	28		%	4 points		—		32		%	31		%	1 point		—
Business Measurements:
Backlog (1), (2)	$	96,000		$	109,400		$	(13,400)	(12)	%
Billable headcount	737			809			(72)		(9)	%
Consultant utilization	60		%	57		%	3 points		—		61		%	63		%	(2) points		—
Average annualized revenue per billable headcount (1)	$	364		$	351		$	13	4	%	$	361		$	376		$	(15)	(4)	%

(1)Dollars in thousands.

(2)Backlog is on a foreign exchange neutral basis. Backlog as of September 30, 2019 has been calculated using the same foreign currency rates as 2020.

Consulting revenues decreased 4% during the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019 on a reported basis and 6% excluding the foreign currency impact, with a revenue decrease in labor-based core consulting of 5%, and a decrease in contract optimization of 3%, on a reported basis. Contract optimization revenue may vary significantly and, as such, revenues for the third quarter of 2020 may not be indicative of results for the remainder of 2020 or beyond. The segment gross contribution margin was 32% and 28% for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The increase in gross contribution margin during the third quarter of 2020 was primarily due to benefits derived from certain cost-reduction initiatives, including a decline in travel and entertainment expenses due to COVID-19 travel restrictions. Consultant utilization increased by 3 points during the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019 due to a reduction in billable headcount, offset by a decrease in backlog.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, Consulting revenues decreased 3% compared to the same period in 2019 on a reported basis and 2% excluding the foreign currency impact, while the segment gross contribution margin increased by 1 point. The decrease in revenues was due to a decrease in labor-based core consulting, partially offset by an increase in contract optimization.

Backlog decreased by $13.4 million, or 12%, from September 30, 2019 to September 30, 2020. The $96.0 million of backlog at September 30, 2020 represented approximately four months of backlog, which is in line with the Company’s operational target.

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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

We finance our operations through cash generated from our operating activities and borrowings. Note 7 — Debt in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements provides additional information regarding the Company’s outstanding debt obligations. At September 30, 2020, we had $553.7 million of cash and cash equivalents and approximately $1.0 billion of available borrowing capacity on the revolving credit facility under our 2020 Credit Agreement. We believe that the Company has adequate liquidity to meet its currently anticipated needs for at least the next twelve months. As a cautionary measure, we have elected to suspend our share repurchase activity.

We have historically generated significant cash flows from our operating activities. Our operating cash flow has been maintained by the leverage characteristics of our subscription-based business model in our Research segment, which is our largest business segment and historically has constituted a significant portion of our total revenues. The majority of our Research customer contracts are paid in advance and, combined with a strong customer retention rate and high incremental margins, has resulted in historically strong operating cash flow. Cash flow generation has also benefited historically from our ongoing efforts to improve the operating efficiencies of our businesses as well as a focus on the optimal management of our working capital as we increase sales.

Our cash and cash equivalents are held in numerous locations throughout the world with 46% held overseas at September 30, 2020. We intend to reinvest substantially all of our accumulated undistributed foreign earnings, except in instances where repatriation would result in minimal additional tax. As a result of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, we believe that the income tax impact if such earnings were repatriated would be minimal.

The table below summarizes the changes in the Company’s cash balances for the periods indicated (in thousands).

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019		Increase (Decrease)
Cash provided by operating activities	$	642,830	$	482,601	$	160,229
Cash used in investing activities	(60,845)		(97,996)		37,151
Cash used in financing activities	(318,025)		(232,813)		(85,212)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	263,960		151,792		112,168
Effects of exchange rates	8,919		(3,728)		12,647
Beginning cash and cash equivalents	280,836		158,663		122,173
Ending cash and cash equivalents	$	553,715	$	306,727	$	246,988

Operating

Cash provided by operating activities was $642.8 million and $482.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The year-over-year increase was primarily due to higher pre-tax income in the 2020 period and an increase in accounts payable and accrued and other liabilities due to increased accrued payroll, fringe benefits and customer deposits and reduced income tax payments, offset by higher bonus payments made in 2020 related to 2019, and higher interest payments, due to the repayment of our 2025 Notes in September 2020.

Investing

Cash used in investing activities was $60.8 million and $98.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The cash used in both periods was primarily for capital expenditures. The decrease from 2019 to 2020 was the result of reduced capital spending in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Financing

Cash used in financing activities was $318.0 million and $232.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. During the 2020 period, we repaid a net $148.0 million on our revolving credit facility under the 2016 Credit Agreement, paid a net $53.3 million in debt principal repayments and used $76.1 million of cash for share repurchases. Additionally, we paid $23.6 million in deferred financing fees and $30.8 million in early redemption premium payments related to our financing activities discussed below. During the 2019 period, the Company borrowed $5.0 million, repaid a net

40

$35.0 million on our revolving credit facility, paid a net $74.6 million in debt principal repayments and paid $141.4 million for share repurchases.

Debt

As of September 30, 2020, the Company had $2.0 billion of principal amount of debt outstanding, of which $5.1 million is to be repaid in the remainder of fiscal year 2020. Note 7 — Debt in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements provides additional information regarding the Company’s outstanding debt obligations. From time to time, the Company may seek to retire or repurchase its outstanding debt through various methods including open market repurchases, negotiated block transactions, or otherwise, all or some of which may be effected through Rule 10b5-1 plans. Such transactions, if any, depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity and capital requirements, contractual restrictions, and other factors, and may involve material amounts.

On September 28, 2020, the Company issued $800.0 million aggregate principal amount of 3.75% Senior Notes due 2030. The 2030 Notes were issued pursuant to the 2030 Note Indenture, dated as of September 28, 2020, among the Company, the guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee. The 2030 Notes were offered and sold only to persons reasonably believed to be qualified institutional buyers (as defined in the Securities Act) pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act and outside the United States only to non-U.S. persons in accordance with Regulation S under the Securities Act.

The 2030 Notes were issued at an issue price of 100.00% and bear interest at a rate of 3.75% per annum. Interest on the 2030 Notes is payable on April 1 and October 1 of each year, beginning on April 1, 2021. The Notes will mature on October 1, 2030.

The net proceeds of the 2030 Notes, together with cash on hand, were used to redeem our existing 5.125% senior notes due 2025 and pay related fees and expenses.

On September 28, 2020, we entered into the 2020 Credit Agreement among Gartner, as borrower, the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, which amended and restated the 2016 Credit Agreement, dated as of June 17, 2016.

The 2020 Credit Agreement provides for a $400.0 million senior secured five-year term loan facility and a $1.0 billion senior secured five-year revolving facility. The term and revolving facilities may be increased, at our option and under certain conditions, by up to an additional $1.0 billion in the aggregate plus additional amounts subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, including a maximum secured leverage ratio. The term loan will be repaid in consecutive quarterly installments commencing December 31, 2020, plus a final payment due on September 28, 2025, and may be prepaid at any time without penalty or premium (other than applicable breakage costs) at our option. The revolving credit facility may be used for loans, and up to $75.0 million may be used for letters of credit. The revolving loans may be borrowed, repaid and re-borrowed until September 28, 2025, at which time all amounts borrowed must be repaid.

On September 28, 2020, we drew down $400.0 million in term loans. The initial drawdown was used to refinance the outstanding amounts under the 2016 Credit Agreement. Additional amounts drawn down under the 2020 Credit Agreement will be used for general corporate purposes, including the funding of acquisitions, payment of capital expenditures and the repurchase of shares.

The 2020 Credit Agreement contains certain customary restrictive loan covenants, including, among others, a financial covenant requiring a maximum leverage ratio, and covenants limiting our ability to incur indebtedness, grant liens, make acquisitions, be acquired, dispose of assets, pay dividends, repurchase stock, make capital expenditures, make investments and enter into certain transactions with affiliates. The Company was in full compliance with all covenants as of September 30, 2020, including the Consolidated Leverage Ratio (as defined in the 2020 Credit Agreement). The Company’s Consolidated Leverage Ratio as of September 30, 2020 was 2.3 compared to the maximum of 5.0 permitted under the 2020 Credit Agreement.

On June 22, 2020, the Company issued $800.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.50% Senior Notes due 2028. The 2028 Notes were issued pursuant to the 2028 Note Indenture, dated as of June 22, 2020, among the Company, the guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee. The 2028 Notes were offered and sold only to persons reasonably believed to be qualified institutional buyers (as defined in the Securities Act) pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act and outside the United States only to non-U.S. persons in accordance with Regulation S under the Securities Act.

The 2028 Notes were issued at an issue price of 100.00% and bear interest at a rate of 4.50% per annum. Interest on the 2028 Notes is payable on January 1 and July 1 of each year, beginning on January 1, 2021. The Notes will mature on July 1, 2028.

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We used proceeds from the 2028 Notes to prepay $787.9 million of the Term Loan A facility under the 2016 Credit Agreement.

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OFF BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

Through September 30, 2020, the Company has not entered into any material off-balance sheet arrangements or transactions with unconsolidated entities or other persons.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

INTEREST RATE RISK

As of September 30, 2020, the Company had $2.0 billion in total debt principal outstanding. Note 7 — Debt in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements provides additional information regarding the Company’s outstanding debt obligations.

Approximately $0.4 billion of the Company’s total debt outstanding as of September 30, 2020 was based on a floating base rate of interest, which potentially exposes the Company to increases in interest rates. However, we reduce our overall exposure to interest rate increases through our interest rate swap contracts, which effectively convert the floating base interest rates on all of our variable rate borrowings to fixed rates.

FOREIGN CURRENCY RISK

A significant portion of our revenues are typically derived from sales outside of the United States. Among the major foreign currencies in which we conduct business are the Euro, the British Pound, the Japanese Yen, the Australian dollar and the Canadian dollar. The reporting currency of our consolidated financial statements is the U.S. dollar. As the values of the foreign currencies in which we operate fluctuate over time relative to the U.S. dollar, the Company is exposed to both foreign currency translation and transaction risk.

Translation risk arises as our foreign currency assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars because the functional currencies of our foreign operations are generally denominated in the local currency. Adjustments resulting from the translation of these assets and liabilities are deferred and recorded as a component of stockholders’ equity. A measure of the potential impact of foreign currency translation can be determined through a sensitivity analysis of our cash and cash equivalents. At September 30, 2020, we had $553.7 million of cash and cash equivalents, with a substantial portion denominated in foreign currencies. If the exchange rates of the foreign currencies we hold all changed in comparison to the U.S. dollar by 10%, the amount of cash and cash equivalents we would have reported on September 30, 2020 could have increased or decreased by approximately $25.0 million. The translation of our foreign currency revenues and expenses historically has not had a material impact on our consolidated earnings because movements in and among the major currencies in which we operate tend to impact our revenues and expenses fairly equally. However, our earnings could be impacted during periods of significant exchange rate volatility, or when some or all of the major currencies in which we operate move in the same direction against the U.S. dollar.

Transaction risk arises when we enter into a transaction that is denominated in a currency that may differ from the local functional currency. As these transactions are translated into the local functional currency, a gain or loss may result, which is recorded in current period earnings. We typically enter into foreign currency forward exchange contracts to mitigate the effects of some of this foreign currency transaction risk. Our outstanding foreign currency forward exchange contracts as of September 30, 2020 had an immaterial net unrealized loss.

CREDIT RISK

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of short-term, highly liquid investments classified as cash equivalents, fees receivable, interest rate swap contracts and foreign currency forward exchange contracts. The majority of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents, interest rate swap contracts and foreign currency forward exchange contracts are with large investment grade commercial banks. Fees receivable balances deemed to be collectible from customers have limited concentration of credit risk due to our diverse customer base and geographic dispersion.

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ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

We have established disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that the information we are required to disclose in our reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported in a timely manner. Specifically, these controls and procedures ensure that the information is accumulated and communicated to our executive management team, including our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Management conducted an evaluation, as of September 30, 2020, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, under the supervision and with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer. Based upon that evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective in alerting them in a timely manner to material Company information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed under the Exchange Act.

There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We are involved in legal and administrative proceedings and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. We believe that the potential liability, if any, in excess of amounts already accrued from all proceedings, claims and litigation will not have a material effect on our financial position, cash flows or results of operations when resolved in a future period.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

There were no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 and Part II, Item 1A of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020.

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ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

There were no unregistered sales of equity securities during the period covered by this report.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The Company has a $1.2 billion board authorization to repurchase its common stock on the open market. The Company may repurchase its common stock from time-to-time in amounts, at prices and in the manner that the Company deems appropriate, subject to the availability of stock, prevailing market conditions, the trading price of the stock, the Company’s financial performance and other conditions. Repurchases may be made through open market purchases (which may include repurchase plans designed to comply with Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), accelerated share repurchases, private transactions or other transactions and will be funded by cash on hand and borrowings. Repurchases may also be made from time-to-time in connection with the settlement of the Company’s stock-based compensation awards. The table below summarizes the repurchases of our common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2020 pursuant to our $1.2 billion share repurchase authorization and the settlement of stock-based compensation awards.

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased (#)	Average Price Paid Per Share ($)		Total Number of Shares Purchased Under Announced Programs (#)	Maximum Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (in thousands)
July 1, 2020 to July 31, 2020	636	$	125.03	—	$	681,062
August 1, 2020 to August 31, 2020	10,857	131.09		—	681,062
September 1, 2020 to September 30, 2020	5,674	132.56		—	$	681,062
Total for the quarter (1)	17,167	$	131.35	—

(1)All of the shares repurchased during the three months ended September 30, 2020 related to the settlement of the Company’s stock-based compensation awards.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

EXHIBIT NUMBER	DESCRIPTION OF DOCUMENT
4.1 (1)	Indenture (including form of Notes), dated as of September 28, 2020, among Gartner, Inc., the guarantors named therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as a trustee, relating to the $800,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 3.750% Senior Notes due 2030.
10.1 (1)	Amended and Restated Credit Amendment, dated as of September 28, 2020, among Gartner, Inc., the Lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent.
10.2 (1)	Amended and Restated Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, dated as of September 28, 2020, among Gartner, Inc. each subsidiary guarantor party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
31.1*	Certification of chief executive officer under Rule 13a — 14(a)/15d — 14(a).
31.2*	Certification of chief financial officer under Rule 13a — 14(a)/15d — 14(a).
32*	Certification under 18 U.S.C. 1350.
101.INS*	Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104*	Cover Page Interactive Data File, formatted in Inline XBRL (included as Exhibit 101).

46

*     Filed with this report.

(1)    Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 28, 2020.

Items 3 and 4 of Part II are not applicable and have been omitted.

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		Gartner, Inc.
Date:	November 3, 2020	/s/ Craig W. Safian
		Craig W. Safian
		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

47

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Eugene A. Hall, certify that:

(1)I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2020, of Gartner, Inc.;

(2)Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

(3)Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

(4)The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

(5)The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ Eugene A. Hall

Eugene A. Hall

Chief Executive Officer

Date: November 3, 2020

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Craig W. Safian, certify that:

(1)I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2020, of Gartner, Inc.;

(2)Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

(3)Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

(4)The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

(5)The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ Craig W. Safian

Craig W. Safian

Chief Financial Officer

Date: November 3, 2020

EX-32

Exhibit 32

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Gartner, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2020, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), Eugene A. Hall, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and Craig W. Safian, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, each hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ Eugene A. Hall

Name: Eugene A. Hall

Title:   Chief Executive Officer

Date: November 3, 2020

/s/ Craig W. Safian

Name: Craig W. Safian

Title:   Chief Financial Officer

Date: November 3, 2020

A signed original of this written statement has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

XML

Cover Page - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Oct. 30, 2020
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2020
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	1-14443
Entity Registrant Name	Gartner, Inc.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	04-3099750
Entity Address, Address Line One	P.O. Box 10212
Entity Address, Address Line Two	56 Top Gallant Road
Entity Address, City or Town	Stamford,
Entity Address, State or Province	CT
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	06902-7700
City Area Code	203
Local Phone Number	316-1111
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $.0005 par value per share
Trading Symbol	IT
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		89,286,873
Entity Central Index Key	0000749251
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2020
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Amendment Flag	false

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 553,715	$ 280,836
Fees receivable, net of allowances of $10,000 and $8,000, respectively	948,864	1,326,012
Deferred commissions	207,938	265,867
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	154,887	146,026
Total current assets	1,865,404	2,018,741
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net	332,891	344,579
Operating lease right-of-use assets	651,813	702,916
Goodwill	2,938,708	2,937,726
Intangible assets, net	820,994	925,087
Other assets	230,792	222,245
Total Assets	6,840,602	7,151,294
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	790,260	788,796
Deferred revenues	1,710,791	1,928,020
Current portion of long-term debt	20,511	139,718
Total current liabilities	2,521,562	2,856,534
Long-term debt, net of deferred financing fees	1,957,473	2,043,888
Operating lease liabilities	785,705	832,533
Other liabilities	538,359	479,746
Total Liabilities	5,803,099	6,212,701
Stockholders’ Equity
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized; none issued or outstanding	0	0
Common stock, $0.0005 par value, 250,000,000 shares authorized; 163,602,067 shares issued for both periods	82	82
Additional paid-in capital	1,960,143	1,899,273
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net	(130,213)	(77,938)
Accumulated earnings	2,135,860	1,988,722
Treasury stock, at cost, 74,193,907 and 74,444,288 common shares, respectively	(2,928,369)	(2,871,546)
Total Stockholders’ Equity	1,037,503	938,593
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity	$ 6,840,602	$ 7,151,294

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parentheticals) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 10,000	$ 8,000
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	5,000,000	5,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0005	$ 0.0005
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	250,000,000	250,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	163,602,067	163,602,067
Treasury stock, common shares (in shares)	74,193,907	74,444,288

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Revenues:
Total revenues	$ 994,618	$ 1,000,502	$ 2,986,644	$ 3,041,828
Costs and expenses:
Cost of services and product development	329,767	365,056	993,596	1,099,700
Selling, general and administrative	521,508	512,159	1,512,987	1,545,905
Depreciation	22,743	20,704	67,988	60,578
Amortization of intangibles	31,228	31,694	94,615	97,541
Acquisition and integration charges	1,722	1,742	5,438	4,156
Total costs and expenses	906,968	931,355	2,674,624	2,807,880
Operating income	87,650	69,147	312,020	233,948
Interest expense, net	(30,538)	(24,073)	(87,182)	(73,669)
Loss from divested operations	0	0	0	(2,075)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	(44,814)	0	(44,814)	0
Other income (expense), net	1,869	8,024	(10,046)	6,953
Income before income taxes	14,167	53,098	169,978	165,157
(Benefit) provision for income taxes	(2,797)	11,710	22,840	(432)
Net income	$ 16,964	$ 41,388	$ 147,138	$ 165,589
Net income per share:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.19	$ 0.46	$ 1.65	$ 1.84
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.19	$ 0.46	$ 1.63	$ 1.82
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic (in shares)	89,378	89,846	89,307	89,947
Diluted (in shares)	89,955	90,887	90,002	91,089
Research
Revenues:
Total revenues	$ 892,719	$ 840,998	$ 2,677,339	$ 2,492,427
Conferences
Revenues:
Total revenues	12,738	66,286	26,925	259,392
Consulting
Revenues:
Total revenues	$ 89,161	$ 93,218	$ 282,380	$ 290,009

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income	$ 16,964	$ 41,388	$ 147,138	$ 165,589
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	7,498	3,553	(15,066)	9,078
Interest rate swaps – net change in deferred gain or loss	4,379	(11,379)	(37,453)	(50,599)
Pension plans – net change in deferred actuarial loss	85	41	244	124
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	11,962	(7,785)	(52,275)	(41,397)
Comprehensive income	$ 28,926	$ 33,603	$ 94,863	$ 124,192

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net	Accumulated Earnings	Treasury Stock
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 850,757	$ 82	$ 1,823,710	$ (39,867)	$ 1,755,432	$ (2,688,600)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	20,795				20,795
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(21,699)			(21,699)
Issuances under stock plans	5,062		(2,911)			7,973
Common share repurchases	(29,837)					(29,837)
Stock-based compensation expense	31,819		31,819
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2019	856,897	82	1,852,618	(61,566)	1,776,227	(2,710,464)
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2018	850,757	82	1,823,710	(39,867)	1,755,432	(2,688,600)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	165,589
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(41,397)
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2019	919,657	82	1,885,370	(81,264)	1,921,021	(2,805,552)
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2019	856,897	82	1,852,618	(61,566)	1,776,227	(2,710,464)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	103,406				103,406
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(11,913)			(11,913)
Issuances under stock plans	4,015		3,140			875
Common share repurchases	(1,723)					(1,723)
Stock-based compensation expense	13,120		13,120
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2019	963,802	82	1,868,878	(73,479)	1,879,633	(2,711,312)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	41,388				41,388
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(7,785)			(7,785)
Issuances under stock plans	4,171		3,538			633
Common share repurchases	(94,873)					(94,873)
Stock-based compensation expense	12,954		12,954
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2019	919,657	82	1,885,370	(81,264)	1,921,021	(2,805,552)
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2019	938,593	82	1,899,273	(77,938)	1,988,722	(2,871,546)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	75,097				75,097
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(91,034)			(91,034)
Issuances under stock plans	5,654		(1,794)			7,448
Common share repurchases	(63,164)					(63,164)
Stock-based compensation expense	25,129		25,129
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2020	890,275	82	1,922,608	(168,972)	2,063,819	(2,927,262)
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2019	938,593	82	1,899,273	(77,938)	1,988,722	(2,871,546)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	147,138
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(52,275)
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2020	1,037,503	82	1,960,143	(130,213)	2,135,860	(2,928,369)
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2020	890,275	82	1,922,608	(168,972)	2,063,819	(2,927,262)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	55,077				55,077
Other comprehensive income (loss)	26,797			26,797
Issuances under stock plans	4,090		3,223			867
Common share repurchases	(698)					(698)
Stock-based compensation expense	15,678		15,678
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2020	991,219	82	1,941,509	(142,175)	2,118,896	(2,927,093)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	16,964				16,964
Other comprehensive income (loss)	11,962			11,962
Issuances under stock plans	4,112		3,133			979
Common share repurchases	(2,255)					(2,255)
Stock-based compensation expense	15,501		15,501
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2020	$ 1,037,503	$ 82	$ 1,960,143	$ (130,213)	$ 2,135,860	$ (2,928,369)

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Operating activities:
Net income	$ 147,138	$ 165,589
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	162,603	158,119
Stock-based compensation expense	56,308	57,893
Deferred taxes	(6,548)	(50,790)
Loss from divested operations	0	2,075
Loss on extinguishment of debt	44,814	0
Fair value adjustment - equity security	0	(9,120)
Reduction in the carrying amount of operating lease right-of-use assets	62,876	63,692
Amortization and write-off of deferred financing fees	7,487	4,865
Amortization of deferred swap losses from de-designation	10,320	0
Loss on de-designated swaps	476	0
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Fees receivable, net	369,119	215,132
Deferred commissions	56,094	35,329
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(9,104)	(941)
Other assets	(3,509)	(46,954)
Deferred revenues	(210,170)	70,006
Accounts payable and accrued and other liabilities	(45,074)	(182,294)
Cash provided by operating activities	642,830	482,601
Investing activities:
Additions to property, equipment and leasehold improvements	(60,845)	(95,701)
Acquisitions - cash paid (net of cash acquired)	0	(2,295)
Cash used in investing activities	(60,845)	(97,996)
Financing activities:
Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan	13,813	13,235
Proceeds from borrowings	2,000,000	5,000
Early redemption premium payment	(30,752)	0
Payments of deferred financing fees	(23,627)	0
Proceeds from revolving credit facility	327,000	281,000
Payments on revolving credit facility	(475,000)	(316,000)
Payments on borrowings	(2,053,342)	(74,612)
Purchases of treasury stock	(76,117)	(141,436)
Cash used in financing activities	(318,025)	(232,813)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	263,960	151,792
Effects of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents	8,919	(3,728)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	280,836	158,663
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$ 553,715	$ 306,727

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Business and Basis of Presentation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Business and Basis of Presentation

Business and Basis of Presentation

Business. Gartner, Inc. (NYSE: IT) is the world’s leading research and advisory company and a member of the S&P 500. We equip business leaders with indispensable insights, advice and tools to achieve their mission–critical priorities today and build the successful organizations of tomorrow. We believe our unmatched combination of expert-led, practitioner-sourced and data-driven research steers clients toward the right decisions on the issues that matter most. We are a trusted advisor and an objective resource for more than 14,000 enterprises in more than 100 countries — across all major functions, in every industry and enterprise size.

Segments. Gartner delivers its products and services globally through three business segments: Research, Conferences and Consulting. Revenues and other financial information for our segments are discussed in Note 5 — Segment Information.

Basis of presentation. The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”), as defined in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 270 for interim financial information and with the applicable instructions of U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X on Form 10-Q, and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes of the Company in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

The fiscal year of Gartner is the twelve-month period from January 1 through December 31. In the opinion of management, all normal recurring accruals and adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations and cash flows at the dates and for the periods presented herein have been included. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 may not be indicative of the results of operations for the remainder of 2020 or beyond. When used in these notes, the terms “Gartner,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our” refer to Gartner, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Principles of consolidation. The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

Use of estimates. The preparation of the accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events. These estimates and the underlying assumptions affect the amounts of assets and liabilities reported, disclosures about contingent assets and liabilities, and reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Such estimates include the valuation of fees receivable, goodwill, intangible assets and other long-lived assets, as well as tax accruals and other liabilities. In addition, estimates are used in revenue recognition, income tax expense or benefit, performance-based compensation charges, depreciation and amortization. Management believes its use of estimates in these interim condensed consolidated financial statements to be reasonable.

Management continually evaluates and revises its estimates using historical experience and other factors, including the general economic environment and actions it may take in the future. Management adjusts these estimates when facts and circumstances dictate. However, these estimates may involve significant uncertainties and judgments and cannot be determined with precision. In addition, these estimates are based on management’s best judgment at a point in time. As a result, differences between our estimates and actual results could be material and would be reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements in future periods.

In December 2019, a novel coronavirus disease (“COVID-19”) was reported in Wuhan, China and on March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic. Any future asset impairment charges, increase in allowance for doubtful accounts, or restructuring charges could be more likely if the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic continue and will be dependent on the severity and duration of this crisis. To date, the Company has not observed any material impairments of its assets or a significant change in the fair value of assets due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Revenue recognition. Revenue is recognized in accordance with the requirements of FASB ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC Topic 606”). Revenue is only recognized when all of the required criteria for revenue recognition have been met. The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations present revenue net of any sales or value-added taxes that we collect from customers and remit to government authorities. ASC Topic 270 requires certain disclosures in interim financial statements around the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. Note 2 — Revenue and Related Matters provides additional information regarding the Company’s revenues.

Acquisition and divestiture activities. The Company recognized $1.7 million of Acquisition and integration charges during each of the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. The Company recognized $5.4 million and $4.2 million of Acquisition and integration charges during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Acquisition and integration charges reflect additional costs and expenses resulting from our acquisitions and include, among other items, professional fees, severance and stock-based compensation charges. Although the Company did not complete any business acquisitions during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 or 2019, it paid $2.3 million of restricted cash in 2019 for deferred consideration from a 2017 acquisition.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded a pretax Loss from divested operations of $2.1 million, primarily due to adjustments of certain working capital balances related to divestitures that were completed in 2018.

Adoption of new accounting standards. The Company adopted the accounting standards described below during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Implementation Costs in a Cloud Computing Arrangement — In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract (“ASU No. 2018-15”). ASU No. 2018-15 aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. Costs that are capitalized under ASU No. 2018-15 will be expensed over the term of the cloud computing arrangement. Gartner adopted ASU No. 2018-15 on January 1, 2020 on a prospective basis. The adoption of ASU No. 2018-15 did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Fair Value Measurement Disclosures — In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement (“ASU No. 2018-13”). ASU No. 2018-13, which is part of the FASB’s broader disclosure framework project, modified and supplemented the previous U.S. GAAP disclosure requirements pertaining to fair value measurements, with an emphasis on Level 3 disclosures of the valuation hierarchy. Gartner adopted ASU No. 2018-13 on January 1, 2020. The adoption of ASU No. 2018-13 did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Goodwill Impairment — In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other - Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (“ASU No. 2017-04”). ASU No. 2017-04 simplified the determination of the amount of goodwill to be potentially charged off by eliminating Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test under previous U.S. GAAP. Gartner adopted ASU No. 2017-04 on January 1, 2020. The adoption of ASU No. 2017-04 did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Financial Instrument Credit Losses — In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (“ASU No. 2016-13”). ASU No. 2016-13 amended the previous financial instrument impairment model by requiring entities to use a forward-looking approach based on expected losses to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments, including trade receivables. Gartner adopted ASU No. 2016-13 on January 1, 2020 with no cumulative effect adjustment to the Company’s opening retained earnings. The Company applied the expected credit loss model to its fees receivable balance on January 1, 2020 using a historical loss rate method. The Company’s trade receivables are collected fairly quickly and its credit losses have historically been low. The adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Accounting standards issued but not yet adopted. The FASB has issued accounting standards that have not yet become effective and may impact the Company’s consolidated financial statements or related disclosures in future periods. Those standards and their potential impact are discussed below.

Accounting standard effective immediately upon voluntary election by Gartner

Reference Rate Reform — In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform—Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (“ASU No. 2020-04”). ASU No. 2020-04 provides that an entity can elect not to apply certain required modification accounting in U.S. GAAP to contracts where all changes to the critical terms relate to reference rate reform (e.g., the expected discontinuance of LIBOR and the transition to an alternative reference interest rate, etc.). In addition, the rule provides optional expedients and exceptions that enable entities to continue to apply hedge accounting for hedging relationships where one or more of the critical terms change due to reference rate reform. The rule became effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 and will generally no longer be available to apply after December 31, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of ASU No. 2020-04 on its consolidated financial statements, including the rule’s potential impact on any debt modifications or other contractual changes in the future that may result from reference rate reform.

Accounting standard effective in the fourth quarter of 2020

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures — In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-14, Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans (“ASU No. 2018-14”). ASU No. 2018-14, which is part of the FASB’s broader disclosure framework project, modifies and supplements the current U.S. GAAP annual disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension plans. ASU No. 2018-14 is effective for Gartner in the fourth quarter of 2020. ASU No. 2018-14 must be adopted on a retroactive basis and applied to each comparative period presented in an entity’s financial statements. The adoption of ASU No. 2018-14 is currently not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statement disclosures.

Accounting standard effective in 2021

Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes — In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes—Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU No. 2019-12”). ASU No. 2019-12 provides new guidance to simplify the accounting for income taxes in certain areas, changes the accounting for select income tax transactions and makes minor ASC improvements. ASU No. 2019-12 is effective for Gartner on January 1, 2021, including interim periods in the year of adoption. Early adoption is permitted. The method of adoption varies depending on the component of the new rule that is being adopted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of ASU No. 2019-12 on our consolidated financial statements.

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Revenue and Related Matters

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue and Related Matters

Revenue and Related Matters

Disaggregated Revenue — The Company’s disaggregated revenue by reportable segment is presented in the tables below for the periods indicated (in thousands).

By Primary Geographic Market (1)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020

Primary Geographic Market	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
United States and Canada	$	574,203	$	10,669	$	55,389	$	640,261
Europe, Middle East and Africa	210,152		2,064		23,495		235,711
Other International	108,364		5		10,277		118,646
Total revenues	$	892,719	$	12,738	$	89,161	$	994,618

Three Months Ended September 30, 2019

Primary Geographic Market	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
United States and Canada	$	538,112	$	28,153	$	58,615	$	624,880
Europe, Middle East and Africa	196,121		24,497		26,468		247,086
Other International	106,765		13,636		8,135		128,536
Total revenues	$	840,998	$	66,286	$	93,218	$	1,000,502

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020

Primary Geographic Market	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
United States and Canada	$	1,737,603	$	16,966	$	167,570	$	1,922,139
Europe, Middle East and Africa	612,946		4,211		83,691		700,848
Other International	326,790		5,748		31,119		363,657
Total revenues	$	2,677,339	$	26,925	$	282,380	$	2,986,644

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019

Primary Geographic Market	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
United States and Canada	$	1,593,806	$	157,756	$	175,208	$	1,926,770
Europe, Middle East and Africa	583,742		67,520		90,350		741,612
Other International	314,879		34,116		24,451		373,446
Total revenues	$	2,492,427	$	259,392	$	290,009	$	3,041,828

(1)Revenue is reported based on where the sale is fulfilled.

The Company’s revenue is generated primarily through direct sales to clients by domestic and international sales forces and a network of independent international sales agents. Most of the Company’s products and services are provided on an integrated worldwide basis and, because of this integrated delivery approach, it is not practical to precisely separate our revenue by geographic location. Accordingly, revenue information presented in the above tables is based on internal allocations, which involve certain management estimates and judgments.

By Timing of Revenue Recognition

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020

Timing of Revenue Recognition	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
Transferred over time (1)	$	823,658	$	—	$	73,989	$	897,647
Transferred at a point in time (2)	69,061		12,738		15,172		96,971
Total revenues	$	892,719	$	12,738	$	89,161	$	994,618

Three Months Ended September 30, 2019

Timing of Revenue Recognition	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
Transferred over time (1)	$	769,718	$	—	$	77,570	$	847,288
Transferred at a point in time (2)	71,280		66,286		15,648		153,214
Total revenues	$	840,998	$	66,286	$	93,218	$	1,000,502

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020

Timing of Revenue Recognition	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
Transferred over time (1)	$	2,463,434	$	—	$	224,027	$	2,687,461
Transferred at a point in time (2)	213,905		26,925		58,353		299,183
Total revenues	$	2,677,339	$	26,925	$	282,380	$	2,986,644

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019

Timing of Revenue Recognition	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
Transferred over time (1)	$	2,276,783	$	—	$	235,641	$	2,512,424
Transferred at a point in time (2)	215,644		259,392		54,368		529,404
Total revenues	$	2,492,427	$	259,392	$	290,009	$	3,041,828

(1)Research revenues were recognized in connection with performance obligations that were satisfied over time using a time-elapsed output method to measure progress. Consulting revenues were recognized over time using labor hours as an input measurement basis.

(2)The revenues in this category were recognized in connection with performance obligations that were satisfied at the point in time that the contractual deliverables were provided to the customer.

Performance Obligations — For customer contracts that are greater than one year in duration, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) as of September 30, 2020 was approximately $2.9 billion. The Company expects to recognize $554.0 million, $1,622.4 million and $695.9 million of this revenue (most of which pertains to Research) during the remainder of 2020, the year ending December 31, 2021 and thereafter, respectively. The Company applies a practical expedient that is permitted under ASC Topic 606 and, accordingly, it does not disclose such performance obligation information for customer contracts that have original durations of one year or less. Our performance obligations for contracts meeting this ASC Topic 606 disclosure exclusion primarily include: (i) stand-ready services under Research subscription contracts; (ii) holding conferences and meetings where attendees and exhibitors can participate; and (iii) providing customized Consulting solutions for clients under fixed fee and time and materials engagements. The remaining duration of these performance obligations is generally less than one year, which aligns with the period that the parties have enforceable rights and obligations under the affected contracts.

Customer Contract Assets and Liabilities — The timing of the recognition of revenue and the amount and timing of our billings and cash collections, including upfront customer payments, result in the recognition of both assets and liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet. The table below provides information regarding certain of the Company’s balance sheet accounts that pertain to its contracts with customers (in thousands).

	September 30,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Assets:
Fees receivable, gross (1)	$	958,864	$	1,334,012
Contract assets recorded in Prepaid expenses and other current assets (2)	$	23,990	$	21,350
Contract liabilities:
Deferred revenues (current liability) (3)	$	1,710,791	$	1,928,020
Non-current deferred revenues recorded in Other liabilities (3)	26,051		24,409
Total contract liabilities	$	1,736,842	$	1,952,429

(1)Fees receivable represent an unconditional right of payment from our customers and include both billed and unbilled amounts.

(2)Contract assets represent recognized revenue for which we do not have an unconditional right to payment as of the balance sheet date because the project may be subject to a progress billing milestone or some other billing restriction.

(3)Deferred revenues represent amounts (i) for which the Company has received an upfront customer payment or (ii) that pertain to recognized fees receivable. Both situations occur before the completion of our performance obligation(s).

The Company recognized revenue of $681.6 million and $675.2 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $1,354.2 million and $1,312.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, that was attributable to deferred revenues that were recorded at the beginning of each such period. Those amounts

primarily consisted of (i) Research revenues that were recognized ratably as control of the goods or services passed to the customer and (ii) Conferences revenue pertaining to conferences and meetings that occurred during the reporting periods. During each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company did not record any material impairments related to its contract assets. The Company does not typically recognize revenue from performance obligations satisfied in prior periods.

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Computation of Earnings Per Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Computation of Earnings Per Share

Computation of Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution of securities that could share in earnings. When the impact of common share equivalents is anti-dilutive, they are excluded from the calculation.

The table below sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted income per share for the periods indicated (in thousands, except per share data).

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Numerator:
Net income used for calculating basic and diluted income per common share	$	16,964	$	41,388	$	147,138	$	165,589
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares used in the calculation of basic income per share	89,378		89,846		89,307		89,947
Common stock equivalents associated with stock-based compensation plans (1)	577		1,041		695		1,142
Shares used in the calculation of diluted income per share	89,955		90,887		90,002		91,089
Basic income per share	$	0.19	$	0.46	$	1.65	$	1.84
Diluted income per share	$	0.19	$	0.46	$	1.63	$	1.82

(1)Certain common stock equivalents were not included in the computation of diluted income per share because the effect would have been anti-dilutive. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, approximately 0.5 million and 0.8 million, respectively, common stock equivalents were excluded from the calculation of diluted income per share because they were anti-dilutive. These common share equivalents totaled approximately 0.3 million and 0.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.

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Stock-Based Compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company grants stock-based compensation awards as an incentive for employees and directors to contribute to the Company’s long-term success. The Company currently awards stock-settled stock appreciation rights, service-based and performance-based restricted stock units, and common stock equivalents. As of September 30, 2020, the Company had 4.3 million shares of its common stock, par value $0.0005 per share, (the “Common Stock”) available for stock-based compensation awards under its 2014 Long-Term Incentive Plan.

The tables below summarize the Company’s stock-based compensation expense by award type and expense category line item during the periods indicated (in millions).

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
Award type	2020		2019		2020		2019
Stock appreciation rights	$	2.1	$	1.0	$	5.7	$	5.8
Restricted stock units	13.2		11.8		50.0		51.5
Common stock equivalents	0.2		0.2		0.6		0.6
Total (1)	$	15.5	$	13.0	$	56.3	$	57.9

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
Expense category line item	2020		2019		2020		2019
Cost of services and product development	$	6.1	$	6.2	$	25.3	$	23.7
Selling, general and administrative	9.4		6.7		31.0		33.8
Acquisition and integration charges (2)	—		0.1		—		0.4
Total (1)	$	15.5	$	13.0	$	56.3	$	57.9

(1) Includes charges of $3.4 million and $0.4 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $20.2 million and $21.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, for awards to retirement-eligible employees. Those awards vest on an accelerated basis.

(2) Includes charges related to acquisitions and related integration efforts.

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Segment Information

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Information

Segment Information

The Company’s products and services are delivered through three segments – Research, Conferences and Consulting, as described below.

•Research provides trusted, objective insights and advice on the mission-critical priorities of leaders across all functional areas of an enterprise through reports, briefings, proprietary tools, access to our research experts, peer networking services and membership programs that enable our clients to drive organizational performance.

•Conferences provides business professionals across an organization the opportunity to learn, share and network. From our Gartner Symposium/Xpo series, to industry-leading conferences focused on specific business roles and topics, to peer-driven sessions, our offerings enable attendees to experience the best of Gartner insight and advice.

•Consulting combines the power of Gartner market-leading research with custom analysis and on-the-ground support to help chief information officers and other senior executives driving technology-related strategic initiatives move confidently from insight to action.

The Company evaluates segment performance and allocates resources based on gross contribution margin. Gross contribution, as presented in the tables below, is defined as operating income or loss excluding certain Cost of services and product development expenses, Selling, general and administrative expenses, Depreciation, Amortization of intangibles, and Acquisition and integration charges. Certain bonus and fringe benefit costs included in consolidated Cost of services and product development are not allocated to segment expense. The accounting policies used by the reportable segments are the same as those used by the Company. There are no intersegment revenues. The Company does not identify or allocate assets, including capital expenditures, by reportable segment. Accordingly, assets are not reported by segment because the information is not available by segment and is not reviewed in the evaluation of segment performance or in making decisions regarding the allocation of resources.

The tables below present information about the Company’s reportable segments for the periods indicated (in thousands).

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Consolidated
Revenues	$	892,719	$	12,738	$	89,161	$	994,618
Gross contribution	642,328		2,044		28,161		672,533
Corporate and other expenses							(584,883)
Operating income							$	87,650

Three Months Ended September 30, 2019	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Consolidated
Revenues	$	840,998	$	66,286	$	93,218	$	1,000,502
Gross contribution	582,502		27,465		26,538		636,505
Corporate and other expenses							(567,358)
Operating income							$	69,147

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Consolidated
Revenues	$	2,677,339	$	26,925	$	282,380	$	2,986,644
Gross contribution	1,928,422		(15,246)		91,086		2,004,262
Corporate and other expenses							(1,692,242)
Operating income							$	312,020

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Consolidated
Revenues	$	2,492,427	$	259,392	$	290,009	$	3,041,828
Gross contribution	1,729,967		126,910		89,493		1,946,370
Corporate and other expenses							(1,712,422)
Operating income							$	233,948

The table below provides a reconciliation of total segment gross contribution to net income for the periods indicated (in thousands).

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Total segment gross contribution	$	672,533	$	636,505	$	2,004,262	$	1,946,370
Costs and expenses:
Cost of services and product development - unallocated (1)	7,682		1,059		11,214		4,242
Selling, general and administrative	521,508		512,159		1,512,987		1,545,905
Depreciation and amortization	53,971		52,398		162,603		158,119
Acquisition and integration charges	1,722		1,742		5,438		4,156
Operating income	87,650		69,147		312,020		233,948
Interest expense and other, net	(28,669)		(16,049)		(97,228)		(66,716)
Loss from divested operations	—		—		—		(2,075)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	(44,814)		—		(44,814)		—
Less: (Benefit) provision for income taxes	(2,797)		11,710		22,840		(432)
Net income	$	16,964	$	41,388	$	147,138	$	165,589

(1)The unallocated amounts consist of certain bonus and fringe costs recorded in consolidated Cost of services and product development that are not allocated to segment expense. The Company’s policy is to allocate bonuses to segments at 100% of a segment employee’s target bonus. Amounts above or below 100% are absorbed by corporate.

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of acquired businesses over the estimated fair values of the tangible and identifiable intangible net assets acquired. Evaluations of the recoverability of goodwill are performed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 350, which requires an annual assessment of potential goodwill impairment at the reporting unit level and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable.

When performing our annual assessment of the recoverability of goodwill, we initially perform a qualitative analysis evaluating whether any events or circumstances occurred or exist that provide evidence that it is more likely than not that the fair value of any of our reporting units is less than the related carrying amount. If we do not believe that it is more likely than not that the fair value of any of our reporting units is less than the related carrying amount, then no quantitative impairment test is performed. However, if the results of our qualitative assessment indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its respective carrying amount, then we perform a quantitative impairment test. Evaluating the recoverability of

goodwill requires judgments and assumptions regarding future trends and events. As a result, both the precision and reliability of our estimates are subject to uncertainty.

Our most recent annual impairment test of goodwill was a qualitative analysis conducted during the quarter ended September 30, 2020 that indicated no impairment. Subsequent to completing our 2020 annual impairment test, there were no events or changes in circumstances noted that required an interim impairment test.

The table below presents changes to the carrying amount of goodwill by segment during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 (in thousands).

	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
Balance at December 31, 2019 (1)	$	2,651,060	$	189,641	$	97,025	$	2,937,726
Foreign currency translation impact	1,187		29		(234)		982
Balance at September 30, 2020	$	2,652,247	$	189,670	$	96,791	$	2,938,708

(1)The Company does not have any accumulated goodwill impairment losses.

Finite-Lived Intangible Assets

The tables below present reconciliations of the carrying amounts of the Company’s finite-lived intangible assets as of the dates indicated (in thousands).

September 30, 2020	Customer Relationships		Software		Content		Other		Total
Gross cost at December 31, 2019	$	1,145,109	$	111,033	$	14,140	$	30,838	$	1,301,120
Intangible assets fully amortized	(1,650)		(787)		(9,929)		(772)		(13,138)
Foreign currency translation impact	(11,339)		(375)		(246)		(72)		(12,032)
Gross cost	1,132,120		109,871		3,965		29,994		1,275,950
Accumulated amortization (1)	(351,738)		(77,239)		(3,177)		(22,802)		(454,956)
Balance at September 30, 2020	$	780,382	$	32,632	$	788	$	7,192	$	820,994

December 31, 2019	Customer Relationships		Software		Content		Other		Total
Gross cost	$	1,145,109	$	111,033	$	14,140	$	30,838	$	1,301,120
Accumulated amortization (1)	(283,369)		(61,564)		(11,225)		(19,875)		(376,033)
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	861,740	$	49,469	$	2,915	$	10,963	$	925,087

(1) Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method over the following periods: Customer relationships—3 to 13 years; Software—2 to 7 years; Content—2 to 3 years; and Other—2 to 11 years.

Amortization expense related to finite-lived intangible assets was $31.2 million and $31.7 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $94.6 million and $97.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The estimated future amortization expense by year for finite-lived intangible assets is presented in the table below (in thousands).

2020 (remaining three months)	$	30,226
2021	104,109
2022	94,288
2023	94,272
2024	88,975
Thereafter	409,124
	$	820,994

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Debt

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

Debt

2030 Notes

On September 28, 2020, the Company issued $800 million aggregate principal amount of 3.75% Senior Notes due 2030 (the “2030 Notes”). The 2030 Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated as of September 28, 2020 (the “2030 Note Indenture”), among the Company, the guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee. The 2030 Notes were offered and sold only to persons reasonably believed to be qualified institutional buyers (as defined in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”)) pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act and outside the United States only to non-U.S. persons in accordance with Regulation S under the Securities Act.

The 2030 Notes were issued at an issue price of 100.0% and bear interest at a rate of 3.75% per annum. Interest on the 2030 Notes is payable on April 1 and October 1 of each year, beginning on April 1, 2021. The 2030 Notes will mature on October 1, 2030. The net proceeds of the 2030 Notes, together with cash on hand, were used to redeem the Company’s existing 5.125% senior notes due 2025 and pay related fees and expenses.

The Company may redeem some or all of the 2030 Notes at any time on or after October 1, 2025 for cash at the redemption prices set forth in the 2030 Note Indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. Prior to October 1, 2025, the Company may redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2030 Notes with the proceeds of certain equity offerings at a redemption price of 103.75% plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. In addition, the Company may redeem some or all of the 2030 Notes prior to October 1, 2025, at a redemption price of 100.0% of the principal amount of the 2030 Notes plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date, plus a “make-whole” premium. If the Company experiences specific kinds of change of control and a ratings decline, it will be required to offer to repurchase the 2030 Notes at a price equal to 101.0% of the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the repurchase date.

The 2030 Notes are the Company’s general unsecured senior obligations, and are effectively subordinated to all of the Company’s existing and future secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such indebtedness, structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and other liabilities of the Company’s non-guarantor subsidiaries, equal in right of payment to all of the Company’s and Company’s guarantor subsidiaries’ existing and future senior indebtedness and senior in right of payment to all of the Company’s future subordinated indebtedness, if any. The 2030 Notes are jointly and severally guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by certain of the Company’s domestic subsidiaries that have outstanding indebtedness or guarantee other specified indebtedness.

The 2030 Note Indenture contains covenants that limit, among other things, the Company’s ability and the ability of some of the Company’s subsidiaries to:

•create liens; and

•merge or consolidate with other entities.

These covenants are subject to a number of exceptions and qualifications. The 2030 Note Indenture also provides for events of default, which, if any of them occurs, would permit or require the principal, premium, if any, and interest on all the then outstanding 2030 Notes issued under the 2030 Note Indenture to be due and payable.

2028 Notes

On June 22, 2020, the Company issued $800 million aggregate principal amount of 4.50% Senior Notes due 2028 (the “2028 Notes”). The 2028 Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated as of June 22, 2020 (the “2028 Note Indenture”), among the Company, the guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee. The 2028 Notes were offered and sold only to persons reasonably believed to be qualified institutional buyers (as defined in the Securities Act) pursuant to Rule

144A under the Securities Act and outside the United States only to non-U.S. persons in accordance with Regulation S under the Securities Act.

The 2028 Notes were issued at an issue price of 100.0% and bear interest at a rate of 4.50% per annum. Interest on the 2028 Notes is payable on January 1 and July 1 of each year, beginning on January 1, 2021. The Notes will mature on July 1, 2028.

The Company may redeem some or all of the 2028 Notes at any time on or after July 1, 2023 for cash at the redemption prices set forth in the 2028 Note Indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. Prior to July 1, 2023, the Company may redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2028 Notes with the proceeds of certain equity offerings at a redemption price of 104.5% plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. In addition, the Company may redeem some or all of the 2028 Notes prior to July 1, 2023, at a redemption price of 100.0% of the principal amount of the 2028 Notes plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date, plus a “make-whole” premium. If the Company experiences specific kinds of change of control and a ratings decline, it will be required to offer to repurchase the 2028 Notes at a price equal to 101.0% of the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the repurchase date.

The 2028 Notes are the Company’s general unsecured senior obligations, and are effectively subordinated to all of the Company’s existing and future secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such indebtedness, structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and other liabilities of the Company’s non-guarantor subsidiaries, equal in right of payment to all of the Company’s and Company’s guarantor subsidiaries’ existing and future senior indebtedness and senior in right of payment to all of the Company’s future subordinated indebtedness, if any. The 2028 Notes are jointly and severally guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by certain of the Company’s domestic subsidiaries that have outstanding indebtedness or guarantee other specified indebtedness.

The 2028 Note Indenture contains covenants that limit, among other things, the Company’s ability and the ability of some of the Company’s subsidiaries to:

•create liens; and

•merge or consolidate with other entities.

These covenants are subject to a number of exceptions and qualifications. The 2028 Note Indenture also provides for events of default, which, if any of them occurs, would permit or require the principal, premium, if any, and interest on all the then outstanding 2028 Notes issued under the 2028 Note Indenture to be due and payable.

2020 Credit Agreement

On September 28, 2020, the Company entered into an agreement among the Company, as borrower, the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (the “Administrative Agent,” and such agreement, the “2020 Credit Agreement”), which amended and restated the Company’s existing credit facility, dated as of June 17, 2016 (as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “2016 Credit Agreement”).

The 2020 Credit Agreement provides for a $400 million senior secured five-year term loan facility and a $1.0 billion senior secured five-year revolving facility. The term and revolving facilities may be increased, at the Company’s option and under certain conditions, by up to an additional $1.0 billion in the aggregate plus additional amounts subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, including a maximum secured leverage ratio. The term loan will be repaid in consecutive quarterly installments commencing December 31, 2020, plus a final payment due on September 28, 2025, and may be prepaid at any time without penalty or premium (other than applicable breakage costs) at the option of the Company. The revolving credit facility may be used for loans, and up to $75.0 million may be used for letters of credit. The revolving loans may be borrowed, repaid and re-borrowed until September 28, 2025, at which time all amounts borrowed must be repaid.

On September 28, 2020, the Company drew down $400 million in term loans. The initial drawdown was used to refinance the outstanding amounts under the 2016 Credit Agreement. Additional amounts drawn down under the 2020 Credit Agreement will be used for general corporate purposes, including the funding of acquisitions, payment of capital expenditures and the repurchase of shares.

The Company’s obligations under the 2020 Credit Agreement are guaranteed, on a secured basis, by certain existing and future direct and indirect U.S. subsidiaries (the “Subsidiary Guarantors”), pursuant to the Amended and Restated Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, dated September 28, 2020 (the “2020 Guarantee and Collateral Agreement”), which was entered into by the Company and the Subsidiary Guarantors in favor of the Administrative Agent and amended and restated the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, dated as of June 17, 2016 (as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time) in its entirety. Pursuant to the 2020 Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, the Company’s obligations under the 2020 Credit

Agreement and the guarantees of the Subsidiary Guarantors are secured by first priority security interests in substantially all of the assets of the Company and the Subsidiary Guarantors, including pledges of all stock and other equity interests in direct subsidiaries owned by the Company and the Subsidiary Guarantors (but only up to 66% of the voting stock of each direct foreign subsidiary or foreign subsidiary holding company owned by the Company or any Subsidiary Guarantor). The security and pledges are subject to certain exceptions.

Loans under the 2020 Credit Agreement bear interest at a rate equal to, at the Company’s option, either (i) the greatest of: (x) the Wall Street Journal prime rate; (y) the average rate on Federal Reserve Board of New York rate plus 1/2 of 1%; and (z) and the adjusted LIBO rate (adjusted for statutory reserves) for a one-month interest period plus 1%, in each case plus a margin equal to between 0.125% and 1.25% depending on the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio as of the end of the four consecutive fiscal quarters most recently ended, or (ii) the adjusted LIBO rate (adjusted for statutory reserves) plus a margin equal to between 1.125% and 2.25%, depending on the Company’s leverage ratio as of the end of the four consecutive fiscal quarters most recently ended. The commitment fee payable on the unused portion of the revolving credit facility is equal to between 0.175% and 0.40% based on utilization of the revolving credit facility. The Company has also agreed to pay customary letter of credit fees.

The 2020 Credit Agreement contains certain customary restrictive loan covenants, including, among others, a financial covenant requiring a maximum leverage ratio, and covenants limiting the Company’s ability to incur indebtedness, grant liens, make acquisitions, be acquired, dispose of assets, pay dividends, repurchase stock, make capital expenditures, make investments and enter into certain transactions with affiliates.

The 2020 Credit Agreement contains customary events of default that include, among others, non-payment of principal, interest or fees, material inaccuracy of representations and warranties, violation of covenants, cross defaults to certain other indebtedness, bankruptcy and insolvency events, ERISA defaults, material judgments, and events constituting a change of control. The occurrence of an event of default will increase the applicable rate of interest by 2.0%, allow the lenders to terminate their obligations to lend under the 2020 Credit Agreement and could result in the acceleration of the Company’s obligations under the credit facilities and an obligation of any or all of the guarantors to pay the full amount of the Company’s obligations under the credit facilities.

2016 Credit Agreement

Prior to September 28, 2020, the Company had a credit facility that provided for a $1.5 billion Term loan A facility (the “Term Loan A facility”) and a $1.2 billion revolving credit facility. On June 30, 2020, the Company used proceeds from the 2028 Notes offering to prepay $787.9 million outstanding under the Term Loan A facility. The remaining amounts outstanding under the 2016 Credit Agreement were repaid when the Company entered into the 2020 Credit Agreement on September 28, 2020.

2025 Notes

Prior to September 28, 2020, the Company had $800.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.125% Senior Notes due 2025 (the “2025 Notes”). The 2025 Notes were issued at an issue price of 100.0% and bore interest at a fixed rate of 5.125% per annum.

In conjunction with the issuance of the 2030 Notes, the Company redeemed all of the 2025 Notes on September 28, 2020 for cash, and the Company recorded $30.8 million of charges for the early redemption premium and and $14.0 million of charges for the write-off of deferred financing costs related to the 2025 Notes and the 2016 Credit Agreement, which are recorded in Loss on extinguishment of debt on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Outstanding Borrowings

The table below summarizes the Company’s total outstanding borrowings as of the dates indicated (in thousands).

	September 30,		December 31,
Description:	2020		2019
2020 Credit Agreement - Term loan facility (1)	$	400,000	$	—
2020 Credit Agreement - Revolving credit facility (2)	—		—
2016 Credit Agreement - Term Loan A facility	—		1,252,969
2016 Credit Agreement - Revolving credit facility	—		148,000
2025 Notes	—		800,000
2028 Notes (3)	800,000		—
2030 Notes (4)	800,000		—
Other (5)	6,172		6,545
Principal amount outstanding (6)	2,006,172		2,207,514
Less: deferred financing fees (7)	(28,188)		(23,908)
Net balance sheet carrying amount	$	1,977,984	$	2,183,606

(1)The contractual annualized interest rate as of September 30, 2020 on the 2020 Credit Agreement term loan facility and the revolving credit facility was 1.69%, which consisted of a floating Eurodollar base rate of 0.19% plus a margin of 1.50%. However, the Company has interest rate swap contracts that effectively convert the floating Eurodollar base rates on outstanding amounts to a fixed base rate.

(2)The Company had approximately $1.0 billion of available borrowing capacity on the 2020 Credit Agreement revolver (not including the expansion feature) as of September 30, 2020.

(3)Consists of $800.0 million principal amount of 2028 Notes outstanding. The 2028 Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.50% and mature on July 1, 2028.

(4)Consists of $800.0 million principal amount of 2030 Notes outstanding. The 2030 Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 3.75% and mature on October 1, 2030.

(5)Consists of two State of Connecticut economic development loans. One of the loans originated in 2012, has a 10-year maturity and the outstanding balance of $1.2 million as of September 30, 2020 bears interest at a fixed rate of 3.00%. The second loan, originated in 2019, has a 10-year maturity and bears interest at a fixed rate of 1.75%. Both of these loans may be repaid at any time by the Company without penalty.

(6)The weighted average annual effective rate on the Company’s outstanding debt for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, including the effects of its interest rate swaps discussed below, was 5.48% and 4.69%, respectively.

(7)Deferred financing fees are being amortized to Interest expense, net over the term of the related debt obligation.

Interest Rate Swaps

As of September 30, 2020, the Company had four fixed-for-floating interest rate swap contracts with a total notional value of $1.4 billion that mature through 2025. Prior to June 30, 2020, the Company designated the swaps as accounting hedges of the forecasted interest payments on its variable-rate borrowings. The Company pays base fixed rates on these swaps ranging from 2.13% to 3.04% and in return receives a floating Eurodollar base rate on 30-day notional borrowings.

Prior to the repayment of all amounts outstanding under the 2016 Credit Agreement revolving credit facility and the prepayment of $787.9 million under the Term Loan A facility on June 30, 2020, the Company accounted for its interest rate swap contracts as cash flow hedges in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 815. Because the swaps hedged forecasted interest payments, changes in the fair values of the swaps were recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a component of stockholders’ equity, as long as the swaps continued to be highly effective hedges of the designated interest rate risk. Any ineffective portion of a change in the fair value of a hedge was recorded in earnings. Upon the prepayment of $787.9 million under the Company’s Term Loan A facility and repayment of all amounts outstanding under the 2016 Credit Agreement revolving credit facility, the Company determined that it was probable that forecasted interest payments on $200.0 million of variable rate debt would not occur. Additionally, as the variable rate debt under the Term Loan A facility was replaced by $800.0 million of fixed rate debt under the 2028 Notes, the Company de-designated all of its interest rate swaps. As a result, the Company accelerated the release of $10.3 million from Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net related to the forecasted interest payments that were no longer probable. The loss was recorded in Other income (expense), net on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The remaining $111.2 million as of September 30, 2020 is classified within Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net and will be amortized into Interest expense, net over the terms of the hedged forecasted interest payments. Subsequent changes to fair value of the

interest rate swaps will be recorded in Other income (expense), net. The interest rate swaps had negative unrealized fair values (liabilities) of $120.5 million and $64.8 million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, of which $84.6 million and $47.2 million were recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax effect, as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. See Note 11 — Fair Value Disclosures for the determination of the fair values of Company’s interest rate swaps.

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Equity

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Equity

Equity

Share Repurchase Authorization

The Company has a $1.2 billion board authorization to repurchase its common stock on the open market, of which $0.7 billion remained available as of September 30, 2020. The Company may repurchase its common stock from time-to-time in amounts, at prices and in the manner that the Company deems appropriate, subject to the availability of stock, prevailing market conditions, the trading price of the stock, the Company’s financial performance and other conditions. Repurchases may be made through open market purchases (which may include repurchase plans designed to comply with Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), accelerated share repurchases, private transactions or other transactions and will be funded by cash on hand and borrowings. The Company’s share repurchase activity is presented in the table below for the periods indicated.

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Number of shares repurchased (1)	17,167		705,800		440,873		929,311
Cash paid for repurchased shares (in thousands) (2)	$	2,255	$	94,878	$	76,117	$	141,436

(1) The average purchase price for repurchased shares was $131.35 and $134.42 for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $149.97 and $136.05 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. All of the shares repurchased during the three months ended September 30, 2020 related to the settlement of the Company’s stock-based compensation awards. The repurchased shares during the three months ended September 30, 2019 included purchases for both stock-based compensation awards and open market purchases. The repurchased shares during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 included purchases for both stock-based compensation awards and open market purchases.

(2) The cash paid for repurchased shares during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 included open market purchases with trade dates in December 2019 that settled in January 2020.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), net (“AOCI/L”)

The tables below provide information about the changes in AOCI/L by component and the related amounts reclassified out of AOCI/L to income during the periods indicated (net of tax, in thousands) (1).

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020

	Interest Rate Swaps		Defined Benefit Pension Plans		Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments		Total
Balance – June 30, 2020	$	(88,996)	$	(8,425)	$	(44,754)	$	(142,175)
Other comprehensive income (loss) activity during the period:
Change in AOCI/L before reclassifications to income	(1,033)		—		7,498		6,465
Reclassifications from AOCI/L to income (2), (3)	5,412		85		—		5,497
Other comprehensive income (loss) for the period	4,379		85		7,498		11,962
Balance – September 30, 2020	$	(84,617)	$	(8,340)	$	(37,256)	$	(130,213)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2019

	Interest Rate Swaps		Defined Benefit Pension Plans		Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments		Total
Balance – June 30, 2019	$	(46,990)	$	(5,655)	$	(20,834)	$	(73,479)
Other comprehensive income (loss) activity during the period:
Change in AOCI/L before reclassifications to income	(10,285)		—		3,553		(6,731)
Reclassifications from AOCI/L to income (2), (3)	(1,094)		41		—		(1,054)
Other comprehensive income (loss) for the period	(11,379)		41		3,553		(7,785)
Balance – September 30, 2019	$	(58,369)	$	(5,614)	$	(17,281)	$	(81,264)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020

	Interest Rate Swaps		Defined Benefit Pension Plans		Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments		Total
Balance – December 31, 2019	$	(47,164)	$	(8,584)	$	(22,190)	$	(77,938)
Other comprehensive income (loss) activity during the period:
Change in AOCI/L before reclassifications to income	(58,022)		—		(15,066)		(73,088)
Reclassifications from AOCI/L to income (2), (3)	20,569		244		—		20,813
Other comprehensive income (loss) for the period	(37,453)		244		(15,066)		(52,275)
Balance – September 30, 2020	$	(84,617)	$	(8,340)	$	(37,256)	$	(130,213)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019

	Interest Rate Swaps		Defined Benefit Pension Plans		Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments		Total
Balance – December 31, 2018	$	(7,770)	$	(5,738)	$	(26,359)	$	(39,867)
Other comprehensive income (loss) activity during the period:
Change in AOCI/L before reclassifications to income	(46,224)		—		9,078		(37,146)
Reclassifications from AOCI/L to income (2), (3)	(4,375)		124		—		(4,251)
Other comprehensive income (loss) for the period	(50,599)		124		9,078		(41,397)
Balance – September 30, 2019	$	(58,369)	$	(5,614)	$	(17,281)	$	(81,264)

(1)Amounts in parentheses represent debits (deferred losses).

(2)$7.2 million of the reclassifications related to interest rate swaps (cash flow hedges) were recorded in Interest expense, net, for the three months ended September 30, 2020. $10.3 million and $17.7 million of the reclassifications related to interest rate swaps (cash flow hedges) were recorded in Other income (expense), net and Interest expense, net, respectively for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The reclassifications related to interest rate swaps (cash flow hedges) were recorded as Interest expense, net for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. See Note 7 — Debt and Note 10 — Derivatives and Hedging for information regarding the cash flow hedges.

(3)The reclassifications related to defined benefit pension plans were recorded in Other income (expense), net. See Note 12 – Employee Benefits for information regarding the Company’s defined benefit pension plans.

The estimated net amount of the existing losses on the Company’s interest rate swaps that are reported in Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net at September 30, 2020 that is expected to be reclassified into earnings within the next 12 months is $28.9 million.

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Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was a benefit of $2.8 million and an expense of $11.7 million, respectively. The provision for income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was an expense of $22.8 million compared to a benefit of $0.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

The effective income tax rate was a benefit of 19.7% and an expense of 22.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The effective income tax rate was an expense of 13.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to a benefit of 0.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The year to date results for both years include material benefits from intercompany sales of certain intellectual property. The three and nine months results for both years also include movements in unrecognized tax benefits as well as changes in estimated geographical mix of earnings. The changes in effective tax rates are largely attributable to the differences in the relative impacts of these items period over period.

The Company completed intercompany sales of certain intellectual property in both 2020 and 2019. As a result, the Company recorded tax benefits of approximately $28.3 million and $38.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. These benefits represent the value of future tax deductions for amortization of the assets in the acquiring jurisdiction.

In July 2020, the Company completed an intercompany contribution of a significant amount of intellectual property. The Company’s intellectual property footprint continues to evolve and may result in tax rate volatility in the future.

The Company had gross unrecognized tax benefits of $118.5 million on September 30, 2020 and $102.8 million on December 31, 2019. It is reasonably possible that gross unrecognized tax benefits will decrease by approximately $9.9 million within the next twelve months due to the anticipated closure of audits and the expiration of certain statutes of limitation.

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Derivatives and Hedging

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivatives and Hedging

Derivatives and Hedging

The Company enters into a limited number of derivative contracts to mitigate the cash flow risk associated with changes in interest rates on variable-rate debt and changes in foreign exchange rates on forecasted foreign currency transactions. The Company accounts for its outstanding derivative contracts in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 815, which requires all derivatives, including derivatives designated as accounting hedges, to be recorded on the balance sheet at fair value. The tables below provide information regarding the Company’s outstanding derivative contracts as of the dates indicated (in thousands, except for number of contracts).

September 30, 2020
Derivative Contract Type	Number of Contracts	Notional Amounts		Fair Value Asset (Liability), Net (3)		Balance Sheet Line Item	Unrealized Loss Recorded in AOCI/L, net of tax
Interest rate swaps (1)	4	$	1,400,000	$	(85,826)	Other liabilities	$	(84,617)
				(34,706)		Accrued liabilities
Foreign currency forwards (2)	38	211,495		(105)		Accrued liabilities	—
Total	42	$	1,611,495	$	(120,637)		$	(84,617)

December 31, 2019
Derivative Contract Type	Number of Contracts	Notional Amounts		Fair Value Asset (Liability), Net (3)		Balance Sheet Line Item	Unrealized Loss Recorded in AOCI/L, net of tax
Interest rate swaps (1)	4	$	1,400,000	$	(64,831)	Other liabilities	$	(47,164)
Foreign currency forwards (2)	176	604,858		59		Other current assets	—
Total	180	$	2,004,858	$	(64,772)		$	(47,164)

(1)Prior to June 30, 2020, the interest rate swaps were designated and accounted for as cash flow hedges of the forecasted interest payments on borrowings. As a result, changes in the fair values of the swaps were deferred and recorded in AOCI/L, net of tax effect. Upon the prepayment of $787.9 million under the Company’s Term Loan A facility and repayment of

all amounts outstanding under the 2016 Credit Agreement revolving credit facility, the Company determined that it was probable that forecasted interest payments on $200.0 million of variable rate debt would not occur. Additionally, as the variable rate debt under the Term Loan A facility was replaced by $800.0 million of fixed rate debt under the 2028 Notes, the Company de-designated all of its interest rate swaps. Note 7 — Debt provides additional information regarding the Company’s interest rate swap contracts.

(2)The Company has foreign exchange transaction risk because it typically enters into transactions in the normal course of business that are denominated in foreign currencies that differ from the local functional currency. The Company enters into short-term foreign currency forward exchange contracts to mitigate the cash flow risk associated with changes in foreign currency rates on forecasted foreign currency transactions. These contracts are accounted for at fair value with realized and unrealized gains and losses recognized in Other income (expense), net because the Company does not designate these contracts as hedges for accounting purposes. All of the outstanding foreign currency forward exchange contracts at September 30, 2020 matured before October 31, 2020.

(3)See Note 11 — Fair Value Disclosures for the determination of the fair values of these instruments.

At September 30, 2020, all of the Company’s derivative counterparties were investment grade financial institutions. The Company did not have any collateral arrangements with its derivative counterparties and none of the derivative contracts contained credit-risk related contingent features. The table below provides information regarding amounts recognized in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for derivative contracts for the periods indicated (in thousands).

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
Amount recorded in:	2020		2019		2020		2019
Interest expense (income), net (1)	$	7,165	$	(1,504)	$	17,679	$	(6,015)
Other expense, net (2)	179		4,367		22,494		5,064
Total expense (income), net	$	7,344	$	2,863	$	40,173	$	(951)

(1)Consists of interest expense (income) from interest rate swap contracts.

(2)Consists of net realized and unrealized gains and losses on foreign currency forward contracts, gains and losses on de-designated interest rate swaps and $10.3 million of expense during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 on interest rate swap contracts due to forecasted interest payments no longer being probable as a result of the repayment of all amounts outstanding under the 2016 Credit Agreement revolving credit facility and the prepayment of $787.9 million under the Term Loan A facility and on June 30, 2020.

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Fair Value Disclosures

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Disclosures

Fair Value Disclosures

The Company’s financial instruments include cash equivalents, fees receivable from customers, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, all of which are normally short-term in nature. The Company believes that the carrying amounts of these financial instruments reasonably approximate their fair values due to their short-term nature. The Company’s financial instruments also include its outstanding variable-rate borrowings under the 2020 Credit Agreement. The Company believes that the carrying amounts of its variable-rate borrowings reasonably approximate their fair values because the rates of interest on those borrowings reflect current market rates of interest for similar instruments with comparable maturities.

The Company enters into a limited number of derivatives transactions but does not enter into repurchase agreements, securities lending transactions or master netting arrangements. Receivables or payables that result from derivatives transactions are recorded gross in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

FASB ASC Topic 820 provides a framework for the measurement of fair value and a valuation hierarchy based on the transparency of inputs used in the valuation of assets and liabilities. Classification within the valuation hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the resulting fair value measurement. The valuation hierarchy contains three levels. Level 1 measurements consist of quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 measurements include significant other observable inputs such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; identical assets or liabilities in inactive markets; observable inputs such as interest rates and yield curves; and other market-corroborated inputs. Level 3 measurements include significant unobservable inputs such as internally-created valuation models. The Company does not currently utilize Level 3 valuation inputs to remeasure any of its assets or liabilities. However, Level 3 inputs may be used by the Company in its required annual impairment review of goodwill. Information regarding the periodic assessment of the Company’s goodwill is included in Note 6 — Goodwill and Intangible Assets. The Company does not typically transfer assets or liabilities between different levels of the valuation hierarchy.

The table below presents the fair values of certain financial assets and liabilities (in thousands).

Description	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Assets:
Values based on Level 1 inputs:
Deferred compensation plan assets (1)	$	9,010	$	2,277
Total Level 1 inputs	9,010		2,277
Values based on Level 2 inputs:
Deferred compensation plan assets (1)	69,568		73,419
Foreign currency forward contracts (2)	71		1,558
Total Level 2 inputs	69,639		74,977
Total Assets	$	78,649	$	77,254
Liabilities:
Values based on Level 2 inputs:
Deferred compensation plan liabilities (1)	$	84,053	$	79,556
Foreign currency forward contracts (2)	176		1,499
Interest rate swap contracts (3)	120,532		64,831
2025 Notes (4)	—		835,384
2028 Notes (5)	840,392		—
2030 Notes (6)	810,752		—
Total Level 2 inputs	1,855,905		981,270
Total Liabilities	$	1,855,905	$	981,270

(1)The Company has a deferred compensation plan for the benefit of certain highly compensated officers, managers and other key employees. The assets consist of investments in money market funds, mutual funds and company-owned life insurance contracts, which are valued based on Level 1 or Level 2 inputs. The related deferred compensation plan liabilities are recorded at fair value, or the estimated amount needed to settle the liability, which the Company considers to be a Level 2 input.

(2)The Company enters into foreign currency forward exchange contracts to hedge the effects of adverse fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates (see Note 10 — Derivatives and Hedging). Valuation of these contracts is based on observable foreign currency exchange rates in active markets, which the Company considers to be a Level 2 input.

(3)The Company has interest rate swap contracts that hedge the risk of variability from interest payments on its borrowings (see Note 7 — Debt). The fair values of interest rate swaps are based on mark-to-market valuations prepared by a third-party broker. Those valuations are based on observable interest rates from recently executed market transactions and other observable market data, which the Company considers to be Level 2 inputs. The Company independently corroborates the reasonableness of the valuations prepared by the third-party broker by using an electronic quotation service.

(4)As discussed in Note 7 — Debt, prior to September 28, 2020, the Company had $800.0 million of principal amount with 5.125% fixed-rate 2025 Notes due in 2025. The estimated fair values of the notes were derived from quoted market prices provided by an independent dealer, which the Company considers to be a Level 2 input. The carrying amount of the 2025 Notes was $785.0 million as of December 31, 2019.

(5)As discussed in Note 7 — Debt, on June 22, 2020 the Company issued $800 million aggregate principal amount of 4.50% fixed-rate 2028 Notes due in 2028. The estimated fair values of the notes was derived from quoted market prices provided by an independent dealer, which the Company considers to be a Level 2 input. The carrying amounts of the 2028 Notes were $790.5 million as of September 30, 2020.

(6)As discussed in Note 7 — Debt, on September 28, 2020 the Company issued $800 million aggregate principal amount of 3.75% fixed-rate 2030 Notes due in 2030. The estimated fair values of the notes was derived from quoted market prices provided by an independent dealer, which the Company considers to be a Level 2 input. The carrying amounts of the 2030 Notes were $790.5 million as of September 30, 2020.

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Employee Benefits	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Employee Benefits	Employee BenefitsThe Company has defined benefit pension plans at several of its international locations. Benefits earned and paid under those plans are generally based on years of service and level of employee compensation. The Company’s defined benefit pension plans are accounted for in accordance with FASB ASC Topics 715 and 960. Net periodic pension expense was $1.2 million and $0.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Net periodic pension expense was $3.3 million and $2.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

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Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Contingencies

Contingencies

Legal Matters. The Company is involved in legal proceedings and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. We record a provision for pending litigation in our consolidated financial statements when we determine that an unfavorable outcome is probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. We believe that the potential liability, if any, in excess of amounts already accrued from all proceedings, claims and litigation will not have a material effect on our financial position, cash flows or results of operations when resolved in a future period.

Indemnifications. The Company has various agreements that may obligate us to indemnify the other party with respect to certain matters. Generally, these indemnification clauses are included in contracts arising in the normal course of business under which we customarily agree to hold the other party harmless against losses arising from a breach of representations related to matters such as title to assets sold and licensed or certain intellectual property rights. It is not possible to predict the maximum potential amount of future payments under these indemnification agreements due to the conditional nature of the Company’s obligations and the unique facts of each particular agreement. Historically, payments made by us under these agreements have not been material. As of September 30, 2020, the Company did not have any material payment obligations under any such indemnification agreements.

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Leases

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

Leases

The Company’s leasing activities are primarily for facilities under cancelable and non-cancelable lease agreements expiring during 2020 and through 2038. These facilities support our executive and administrative activities, sales, systems support, operations, and other functions. The Company also has leases for office equipment and other assets, which are not significant. Certain of these lease agreements include (i) renewal options to extend the lease term for up to five years and/or (ii) options to terminate the agreement within one year. Additionally, certain of the Company’s lease agreements provide standard recurring escalations of lease payments for, among other things, increases in a lessor’s maintenance costs and taxes. Under some lease agreements, the Company may be entitled to allowances, free rent, lessor-financed tenant improvements and other incentives. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

The Company subleases certain office space that it does not intend to occupy. Such sublease arrangements expire during 2021 and through 2032 and primarily relate to facilities in Arlington, Virginia. Certain of the Company’s sublease agreements: (i) include renewal and termination options; (ii) provide for customary escalations of lease payments in the normal course of business; and (iii) grant the subtenant certain allowances, free rent, Gartner-financed tenant improvements and other incentives.

All of the Company’s leasing and subleasing activity is recognized in Selling, general and administrative expense in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The table below presents the Company’s net lease cost and certain other information related to the Company’s leasing activities as of and for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands).

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
Description:	2020		2019		2020		2019
Operating lease cost (1)	$	34,290	$	35,443	$	107,424	$	106,958
Variable lease cost (2)	4,006		3,902		12,382		11,517
Sublease income	(6,777)		(10,205)		(28,587)		(30,767)
Total lease cost, net (3)	$	31,519	$	29,140	$	91,219	$	87,708
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities	$	34,763	$	32,294	$	103,725	$	100,172
Cash receipts from sublease arrangements	$	9,592	$	9,000	$	28,512	$	25,131
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	527	$	38,571	$	19,061	$	67,756

(1)Included in operating lease cost was $10.5 million and $10.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $31.7 million and $32.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, and 2019, respectively, for costs related to subleasing activities.

(2)These amounts are primarily variable lease and nonlease costs that were not fixed at the lease commencement date or are dependent on something other than an index or a rate.

(3)The Company did not capitalize any operating lease costs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.

The table below indicates where the discounted operating lease payments from the above table are classified in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2020 (in thousands).

Description:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	82,391
Operating leases - liabilities	785,705
Total operating lease liabilities per the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet	$	868,096

Leases

Leases

The Company’s leasing activities are primarily for facilities under cancelable and non-cancelable lease agreements expiring during 2020 and through 2038. These facilities support our executive and administrative activities, sales, systems support, operations, and other functions. The Company also has leases for office equipment and other assets, which are not significant. Certain of these lease agreements include (i) renewal options to extend the lease term for up to five years and/or (ii) options to terminate the agreement within one year. Additionally, certain of the Company’s lease agreements provide standard recurring escalations of lease payments for, among other things, increases in a lessor’s maintenance costs and taxes. Under some lease agreements, the Company may be entitled to allowances, free rent, lessor-financed tenant improvements and other incentives. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

The Company subleases certain office space that it does not intend to occupy. Such sublease arrangements expire during 2021 and through 2032 and primarily relate to facilities in Arlington, Virginia. Certain of the Company’s sublease agreements: (i) include renewal and termination options; (ii) provide for customary escalations of lease payments in the normal course of business; and (iii) grant the subtenant certain allowances, free rent, Gartner-financed tenant improvements and other incentives.

All of the Company’s leasing and subleasing activity is recognized in Selling, general and administrative expense in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The table below presents the Company’s net lease cost and certain other information related to the Company’s leasing activities as of and for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands).

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
Description:	2020		2019		2020		2019
Operating lease cost (1)	$	34,290	$	35,443	$	107,424	$	106,958
Variable lease cost (2)	4,006		3,902		12,382		11,517
Sublease income	(6,777)		(10,205)		(28,587)		(30,767)
Total lease cost, net (3)	$	31,519	$	29,140	$	91,219	$	87,708
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities	$	34,763	$	32,294	$	103,725	$	100,172
Cash receipts from sublease arrangements	$	9,592	$	9,000	$	28,512	$	25,131
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	527	$	38,571	$	19,061	$	67,756

(1)Included in operating lease cost was $10.5 million and $10.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $31.7 million and $32.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, and 2019, respectively, for costs related to subleasing activities.

(2)These amounts are primarily variable lease and nonlease costs that were not fixed at the lease commencement date or are dependent on something other than an index or a rate.

(3)The Company did not capitalize any operating lease costs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.

The table below indicates where the discounted operating lease payments from the above table are classified in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2020 (in thousands).

Description:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	82,391
Operating leases - liabilities	785,705
Total operating lease liabilities per the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet	$	868,096

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Business and Basis of Presentation (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Segments

Segments. Gartner delivers its products and services globally through three business segments: Research, Conferences and Consulting. Revenues and other financial information for our segments are discussed in Note 5 — Segment Information.

Basis of presentation

Basis of presentation. The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”), as defined in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 270 for interim financial information and with the applicable instructions of U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X on Form 10-Q, and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes of the Company in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.The fiscal year of Gartner is the twelve-month period from January 1 through December 31. In the opinion of management, all normal recurring accruals and adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations and cash flows at the dates and for the periods presented herein have been included. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 may not be indicative of the results of operations for the remainder of 2020 or beyond. When used in these notes, the terms “Gartner,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our” refer to Gartner, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Principles of consolidation

Principles of consolidation. The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

Use of estimates

Use of estimates. The preparation of the accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events. These estimates and the underlying assumptions affect the amounts of assets and liabilities reported, disclosures about contingent assets and liabilities, and reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Such estimates include the valuation of fees receivable, goodwill, intangible assets and other long-lived assets, as well as tax accruals and other liabilities. In addition, estimates are used in revenue recognition, income tax expense or benefit, performance-based compensation charges, depreciation and amortization. Management believes its use of estimates in these interim condensed consolidated financial statements to be reasonable.

Management continually evaluates and revises its estimates using historical experience and other factors, including the general economic environment and actions it may take in the future. Management adjusts these estimates when facts and circumstances dictate. However, these estimates may involve significant uncertainties and judgments and cannot be determined with precision. In addition, these estimates are based on management’s best judgment at a point in time. As a result, differences between our estimates and actual results could be material and would be reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements in future periods.

In December 2019, a novel coronavirus disease (“COVID-19”) was reported in Wuhan, China and on March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic. Any future asset impairment charges, increase in allowance for doubtful accounts, or restructuring charges could be more likely if the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic continue and will be dependent on the severity and duration of this crisis. To date, the Company has not observed any material impairments of its assets or a significant change in the fair value of assets due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Revenue recognition

Revenue recognition. Revenue is recognized in accordance with the requirements of FASB ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC Topic 606”). Revenue is only recognized when all of the required criteria for revenue recognition have been met. The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations present revenue net of any sales or value-added taxes that we collect from customers and remit to government authorities. ASC Topic 270 requires certain disclosures in interim financial statements around the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers.

Acquisitions

Acquisition and divestiture activities. The Company recognized $1.7 million of Acquisition and integration charges during each of the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. The Company recognized $5.4 million and $4.2 million of Acquisition and integration charges during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Acquisition and integration charges reflect additional costs and expenses resulting from our acquisitions and include, among other items, professional fees, severance and stock-based compensation charges. Although the Company did not complete any business acquisitions during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 or 2019, it paid $2.3 million of restricted cash in 2019 for deferred consideration from a 2017 acquisition.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded a pretax Loss from divested operations of $2.1 million, primarily due to adjustments of certain working capital balances related to divestitures that were completed in 2018.

Divestitures

Acquisition and divestiture activities. The Company recognized $1.7 million of Acquisition and integration charges during each of the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. The Company recognized $5.4 million and $4.2 million of Acquisition and integration charges during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Acquisition and integration charges reflect additional costs and expenses resulting from our acquisitions and include, among other items, professional fees, severance and stock-based compensation charges. Although the Company did not complete any business acquisitions during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 or 2019, it paid $2.3 million of restricted cash in 2019 for deferred consideration from a 2017 acquisition.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded a pretax Loss from divested operations of $2.1 million, primarily due to adjustments of certain working capital balances related to divestitures that were completed in 2018.

Adoption of new accounting standards

Adoption of new accounting standards. The Company adopted the accounting standards described below during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Implementation Costs in a Cloud Computing Arrangement — In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract (“ASU No. 2018-15”). ASU No. 2018-15 aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. Costs that are capitalized under ASU No. 2018-15 will be expensed over the term of the cloud computing arrangement. Gartner adopted ASU No. 2018-15 on January 1, 2020 on a prospective basis. The adoption of ASU No. 2018-15 did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Fair Value Measurement Disclosures — In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement (“ASU No. 2018-13”). ASU No. 2018-13, which is part of the FASB’s broader disclosure framework project, modified and supplemented the previous U.S. GAAP disclosure requirements pertaining to fair value measurements, with an emphasis on Level 3 disclosures of the valuation hierarchy. Gartner adopted ASU No. 2018-13 on January 1, 2020. The adoption of ASU No. 2018-13 did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Goodwill Impairment — In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other - Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (“ASU No. 2017-04”). ASU No. 2017-04 simplified the determination of the amount of goodwill to be potentially charged off by eliminating Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test under previous U.S. GAAP. Gartner adopted ASU No. 2017-04 on January 1, 2020. The adoption of ASU No. 2017-04 did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Financial Instrument Credit Losses — In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (“ASU No. 2016-13”). ASU No. 2016-13 amended the previous financial instrument impairment model by requiring entities to use a forward-looking approach based on expected losses to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments, including trade receivables. Gartner adopted ASU No. 2016-13 on January 1, 2020 with no cumulative effect adjustment to the Company’s opening retained earnings. The Company applied the expected credit loss model to its fees receivable balance on January 1, 2020 using a historical loss rate method. The Company’s trade receivables are collected fairly quickly and its credit losses have historically been low. The adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Accounting standards issued but not yet adopted. The FASB has issued accounting standards that have not yet become effective and may impact the Company’s consolidated financial statements or related disclosures in future periods. Those standards and their potential impact are discussed below.

Accounting standard effective immediately upon voluntary election by Gartner

Reference Rate Reform — In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform—Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (“ASU No. 2020-04”). ASU No. 2020-04 provides that an entity can elect not to apply certain required modification accounting in U.S. GAAP to contracts where all changes to the critical terms relate to reference rate reform (e.g., the expected discontinuance of LIBOR and the transition to an alternative reference interest rate, etc.). In addition, the rule provides optional expedients and exceptions that enable entities to continue to apply hedge accounting for hedging relationships where one or more of the critical terms change due to reference rate reform. The rule became effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 and will generally no longer be available to apply after December 31, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of ASU No. 2020-04 on its consolidated financial statements, including the rule’s potential impact on any debt modifications or other contractual changes in the future that may result from reference rate reform.

Accounting standard effective in the fourth quarter of 2020

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures — In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-14, Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans (“ASU No. 2018-14”). ASU No. 2018-14, which is part of the FASB’s broader disclosure framework project, modifies and supplements the current U.S. GAAP annual disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension plans. ASU No. 2018-14 is effective for Gartner in the fourth quarter of 2020. ASU No. 2018-14 must be adopted on a retroactive basis and applied to each comparative period presented in an entity’s financial statements. The adoption of ASU No. 2018-14 is currently not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statement disclosures.

Accounting standard effective in 2021

Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes — In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes—Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU No. 2019-12”). ASU No. 2019-12 provides new guidance to simplify the accounting for income taxes in certain areas, changes the accounting for select income tax transactions and makes minor ASC improvements. ASU No. 2019-12 is effective for Gartner on January 1, 2021, including interim periods in the year of adoption. Early adoption is permitted. The method of adoption varies depending on the component of the new rule that is being adopted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of ASU No. 2019-12 on our consolidated financial statements.

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Revenue and Related Matters (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue by Reportable Segment

Disaggregated Revenue — The Company’s disaggregated revenue by reportable segment is presented in the tables below for the periods indicated (in thousands).

By Primary Geographic Market (1)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020

Primary Geographic Market	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
United States and Canada	$	574,203	$	10,669	$	55,389	$	640,261
Europe, Middle East and Africa	210,152		2,064		23,495		235,711
Other International	108,364		5		10,277		118,646
Total revenues	$	892,719	$	12,738	$	89,161	$	994,618

Three Months Ended September 30, 2019

Primary Geographic Market	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
United States and Canada	$	538,112	$	28,153	$	58,615	$	624,880
Europe, Middle East and Africa	196,121		24,497		26,468		247,086
Other International	106,765		13,636		8,135		128,536
Total revenues	$	840,998	$	66,286	$	93,218	$	1,000,502

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020

Primary Geographic Market	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
United States and Canada	$	1,737,603	$	16,966	$	167,570	$	1,922,139
Europe, Middle East and Africa	612,946		4,211		83,691		700,848
Other International	326,790		5,748		31,119		363,657
Total revenues	$	2,677,339	$	26,925	$	282,380	$	2,986,644

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019

Primary Geographic Market	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
United States and Canada	$	1,593,806	$	157,756	$	175,208	$	1,926,770
Europe, Middle East and Africa	583,742		67,520		90,350		741,612
Other International	314,879		34,116		24,451		373,446
Total revenues	$	2,492,427	$	259,392	$	290,009	$	3,041,828

(1)Revenue is reported based on where the sale is fulfilled.

Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue

By Timing of Revenue Recognition

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020

Timing of Revenue Recognition	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
Transferred over time (1)	$	823,658	$	—	$	73,989	$	897,647
Transferred at a point in time (2)	69,061		12,738		15,172		96,971
Total revenues	$	892,719	$	12,738	$	89,161	$	994,618

Three Months Ended September 30, 2019

Timing of Revenue Recognition	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
Transferred over time (1)	$	769,718	$	—	$	77,570	$	847,288
Transferred at a point in time (2)	71,280		66,286		15,648		153,214
Total revenues	$	840,998	$	66,286	$	93,218	$	1,000,502

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020

Timing of Revenue Recognition	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
Transferred over time (1)	$	2,463,434	$	—	$	224,027	$	2,687,461
Transferred at a point in time (2)	213,905		26,925		58,353		299,183
Total revenues	$	2,677,339	$	26,925	$	282,380	$	2,986,644

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019

Timing of Revenue Recognition	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
Transferred over time (1)	$	2,276,783	$	—	$	235,641	$	2,512,424
Transferred at a point in time (2)	215,644		259,392		54,368		529,404
Total revenues	$	2,492,427	$	259,392	$	290,009	$	3,041,828

(1)Research revenues were recognized in connection with performance obligations that were satisfied over time using a time-elapsed output method to measure progress. Consulting revenues were recognized over time using labor hours as an input measurement basis.

(2)The revenues in this category were recognized in connection with performance obligations that were satisfied at the point in time that the contractual deliverables were provided to the customer.

Schedule for Contract with Customer, Asset and Liability

The table below provides information regarding certain of the Company’s balance sheet accounts that pertain to its contracts with customers (in thousands).

	September 30,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Assets:
Fees receivable, gross (1)	$	958,864	$	1,334,012
Contract assets recorded in Prepaid expenses and other current assets (2)	$	23,990	$	21,350
Contract liabilities:
Deferred revenues (current liability) (3)	$	1,710,791	$	1,928,020
Non-current deferred revenues recorded in Other liabilities (3)	26,051		24,409
Total contract liabilities	$	1,736,842	$	1,952,429

(1)Fees receivable represent an unconditional right of payment from our customers and include both billed and unbilled amounts.

(2)Contract assets represent recognized revenue for which we do not have an unconditional right to payment as of the balance sheet date because the project may be subject to a progress billing milestone or some other billing restriction.

(3)Deferred revenues represent amounts (i) for which the Company has received an upfront customer payment or (ii) that pertain to recognized fees receivable. Both situations occur before the completion of our performance obligation(s).

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Computation of Earnings Per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of basic and diluted (loss) earnings per share calculations

The table below sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted income per share for the periods indicated (in thousands, except per share data).

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Numerator:
Net income used for calculating basic and diluted income per common share	$	16,964	$	41,388	$	147,138	$	165,589
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares used in the calculation of basic income per share	89,378		89,846		89,307		89,947
Common stock equivalents associated with stock-based compensation plans (1)	577		1,041		695		1,142
Shares used in the calculation of diluted income per share	89,955		90,887		90,002		91,089
Basic income per share	$	0.19	$	0.46	$	1.65	$	1.84
Diluted income per share	$	0.19	$	0.46	$	1.63	$	1.82

(1)Certain common stock equivalents were not included in the computation of diluted income per share because the effect would have been anti-dilutive. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, approximately 0.5 million and 0.8 million, respectively, common stock equivalents were excluded from the calculation of diluted income per share because they were anti-dilutive. These common share equivalents totaled approximately 0.3 million and 0.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.

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Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of stock-based compensation expense by award type

The tables below summarize the Company’s stock-based compensation expense by award type and expense category line item during the periods indicated (in millions).

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
Award type	2020		2019		2020		2019
Stock appreciation rights	$	2.1	$	1.0	$	5.7	$	5.8
Restricted stock units	13.2		11.8		50.0		51.5
Common stock equivalents	0.2		0.2		0.6		0.6
Total (1)	$	15.5	$	13.0	$	56.3	$	57.9

Schedule of stock-based compensation expense by expense category

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
Expense category line item	2020		2019		2020		2019
Cost of services and product development	$	6.1	$	6.2	$	25.3	$	23.7
Selling, general and administrative	9.4		6.7		31.0		33.8
Acquisition and integration charges (2)	—		0.1		—		0.4
Total (1)	$	15.5	$	13.0	$	56.3	$	57.9

(1) Includes charges of $3.4 million and $0.4 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $20.2 million and $21.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, for awards to retirement-eligible employees. Those awards vest on an accelerated basis.

(2) Includes charges related to acquisitions and related integration efforts.

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Segment Information (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of segment reporting information, by segment

The tables below present information about the Company’s reportable segments for the periods indicated (in thousands).

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Consolidated
Revenues	$	892,719	$	12,738	$	89,161	$	994,618
Gross contribution	642,328		2,044		28,161		672,533
Corporate and other expenses							(584,883)
Operating income							$	87,650

Three Months Ended September 30, 2019	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Consolidated
Revenues	$	840,998	$	66,286	$	93,218	$	1,000,502
Gross contribution	582,502		27,465		26,538		636,505
Corporate and other expenses							(567,358)
Operating income							$	69,147

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Consolidated
Revenues	$	2,677,339	$	26,925	$	282,380	$	2,986,644
Gross contribution	1,928,422		(15,246)		91,086		2,004,262
Corporate and other expenses							(1,692,242)
Operating income							$	312,020

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Consolidated
Revenues	$	2,492,427	$	259,392	$	290,009	$	3,041,828
Gross contribution	1,729,967		126,910		89,493		1,946,370
Corporate and other expenses							(1,712,422)
Operating income							$	233,948

Schedule of reconciliation of segment gross contribution to net income (loss)

The table below provides a reconciliation of total segment gross contribution to net income for the periods indicated (in thousands).

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Total segment gross contribution	$	672,533	$	636,505	$	2,004,262	$	1,946,370
Costs and expenses:
Cost of services and product development - unallocated (1)	7,682		1,059		11,214		4,242
Selling, general and administrative	521,508		512,159		1,512,987		1,545,905
Depreciation and amortization	53,971		52,398		162,603		158,119
Acquisition and integration charges	1,722		1,742		5,438		4,156
Operating income	87,650		69,147		312,020		233,948
Interest expense and other, net	(28,669)		(16,049)		(97,228)		(66,716)
Loss from divested operations	—		—		—		(2,075)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	(44,814)		—		(44,814)		—
Less: (Benefit) provision for income taxes	(2,797)		11,710		22,840		(432)
Net income	$	16,964	$	41,388	$	147,138	$	165,589

(1)The unallocated amounts consist of certain bonus and fringe costs recorded in consolidated Cost of services and product development that are not allocated to segment expense. The Company’s policy is to allocate bonuses to segments at 100% of a segment employee’s target bonus. Amounts above or below 100% are absorbed by corporate.

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of changes to the carrying amount of goodwill by reporting unit

The table below presents changes to the carrying amount of goodwill by segment during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 (in thousands).

	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
Balance at December 31, 2019 (1)	$	2,651,060	$	189,641	$	97,025	$	2,937,726
Foreign currency translation impact	1,187		29		(234)		982
Balance at September 30, 2020	$	2,652,247	$	189,670	$	96,791	$	2,938,708

(1)The Company does not have any accumulated goodwill impairment losses.

Schedule of amortizable intangible assets

The tables below present reconciliations of the carrying amounts of the Company’s finite-lived intangible assets as of the dates indicated (in thousands).

September 30, 2020	Customer Relationships		Software		Content		Other		Total
Gross cost at December 31, 2019	$	1,145,109	$	111,033	$	14,140	$	30,838	$	1,301,120
Intangible assets fully amortized	(1,650)		(787)		(9,929)		(772)		(13,138)
Foreign currency translation impact	(11,339)		(375)		(246)		(72)		(12,032)
Gross cost	1,132,120		109,871		3,965		29,994		1,275,950
Accumulated amortization (1)	(351,738)		(77,239)		(3,177)		(22,802)		(454,956)
Balance at September 30, 2020	$	780,382	$	32,632	$	788	$	7,192	$	820,994

December 31, 2019	Customer Relationships		Software		Content		Other		Total
Gross cost	$	1,145,109	$	111,033	$	14,140	$	30,838	$	1,301,120
Accumulated amortization (1)	(283,369)		(61,564)		(11,225)		(19,875)		(376,033)
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	861,740	$	49,469	$	2,915	$	10,963	$	925,087

(1) Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method over the following periods: Customer relationships—3 to 13 years; Software—2 to 7 years; Content—2 to 3 years; and Other—2 to 11 years.

Schedule of estimated future amortization expense by year

The estimated future amortization expense by year for finite-lived intangible assets is presented in the table below (in thousands).

2020 (remaining three months)	$	30,226
2021	104,109
2022	94,288
2023	94,272
2024	88,975
Thereafter	409,124
	$	820,994

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Debt (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of debt

The table below summarizes the Company’s total outstanding borrowings as of the dates indicated (in thousands).

	September 30,		December 31,
Description:	2020		2019
2020 Credit Agreement - Term loan facility (1)	$	400,000	$	—
2020 Credit Agreement - Revolving credit facility (2)	—		—
2016 Credit Agreement - Term Loan A facility	—		1,252,969
2016 Credit Agreement - Revolving credit facility	—		148,000
2025 Notes	—		800,000
2028 Notes (3)	800,000		—
2030 Notes (4)	800,000		—
Other (5)	6,172		6,545
Principal amount outstanding (6)	2,006,172		2,207,514
Less: deferred financing fees (7)	(28,188)		(23,908)
Net balance sheet carrying amount	$	1,977,984	$	2,183,606

(1)The contractual annualized interest rate as of September 30, 2020 on the 2020 Credit Agreement term loan facility and the revolving credit facility was 1.69%, which consisted of a floating Eurodollar base rate of 0.19% plus a margin of 1.50%. However, the Company has interest rate swap contracts that effectively convert the floating Eurodollar base rates on outstanding amounts to a fixed base rate.

(2)The Company had approximately $1.0 billion of available borrowing capacity on the 2020 Credit Agreement revolver (not including the expansion feature) as of September 30, 2020.

(3)Consists of $800.0 million principal amount of 2028 Notes outstanding. The 2028 Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.50% and mature on July 1, 2028.

(4)Consists of $800.0 million principal amount of 2030 Notes outstanding. The 2030 Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 3.75% and mature on October 1, 2030.

(5)Consists of two State of Connecticut economic development loans. One of the loans originated in 2012, has a 10-year maturity and the outstanding balance of $1.2 million as of September 30, 2020 bears interest at a fixed rate of 3.00%. The second loan, originated in 2019, has a 10-year maturity and bears interest at a fixed rate of 1.75%. Both of these loans may be repaid at any time by the Company without penalty.

(6)The weighted average annual effective rate on the Company’s outstanding debt for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, including the effects of its interest rate swaps discussed below, was 5.48% and 4.69%, respectively.

(7)Deferred financing fees are being amortized to Interest expense, net over the term of the related debt obligation.

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Equity (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Schedule of share repurchase activity

The Company’s share repurchase activity is presented in the table below for the periods indicated.

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Number of shares repurchased (1)	17,167		705,800		440,873		929,311
Cash paid for repurchased shares (in thousands) (2)	$	2,255	$	94,878	$	76,117	$	141,436

(1) The average purchase price for repurchased shares was $131.35 and $134.42 for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $149.97 and $136.05 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. All of the shares repurchased during the three months ended September 30, 2020 related to the settlement of the Company’s stock-based compensation awards. The repurchased shares during the three months ended September 30, 2019 included purchases for both stock-based compensation awards and open market purchases. The repurchased shares during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 included purchases for both stock-based compensation awards and open market purchases.

(2) The cash paid for repurchased shares during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 included open market purchases with trade dates in December 2019 that settled in January 2020.

Schedule of the changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income by component (net of tax)

The tables below provide information about the changes in AOCI/L by component and the related amounts reclassified out of AOCI/L to income during the periods indicated (net of tax, in thousands) (1).

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020

	Interest Rate Swaps		Defined Benefit Pension Plans		Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments		Total
Balance – June 30, 2020	$	(88,996)	$	(8,425)	$	(44,754)	$	(142,175)
Other comprehensive income (loss) activity during the period:
Change in AOCI/L before reclassifications to income	(1,033)		—		7,498		6,465
Reclassifications from AOCI/L to income (2), (3)	5,412		85		—		5,497
Other comprehensive income (loss) for the period	4,379		85		7,498		11,962
Balance – September 30, 2020	$	(84,617)	$	(8,340)	$	(37,256)	$	(130,213)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2019

	Interest Rate Swaps		Defined Benefit Pension Plans		Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments		Total
Balance – June 30, 2019	$	(46,990)	$	(5,655)	$	(20,834)	$	(73,479)
Other comprehensive income (loss) activity during the period:
Change in AOCI/L before reclassifications to income	(10,285)		—		3,553		(6,731)
Reclassifications from AOCI/L to income (2), (3)	(1,094)		41		—		(1,054)
Other comprehensive income (loss) for the period	(11,379)		41		3,553		(7,785)
Balance – September 30, 2019	$	(58,369)	$	(5,614)	$	(17,281)	$	(81,264)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020

	Interest Rate Swaps		Defined Benefit Pension Plans		Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments		Total
Balance – December 31, 2019	$	(47,164)	$	(8,584)	$	(22,190)	$	(77,938)
Other comprehensive income (loss) activity during the period:
Change in AOCI/L before reclassifications to income	(58,022)		—		(15,066)		(73,088)
Reclassifications from AOCI/L to income (2), (3)	20,569		244		—		20,813
Other comprehensive income (loss) for the period	(37,453)		244		(15,066)		(52,275)
Balance – September 30, 2020	$	(84,617)	$	(8,340)	$	(37,256)	$	(130,213)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019

	Interest Rate Swaps		Defined Benefit Pension Plans		Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments		Total
Balance – December 31, 2018	$	(7,770)	$	(5,738)	$	(26,359)	$	(39,867)
Other comprehensive income (loss) activity during the period:
Change in AOCI/L before reclassifications to income	(46,224)		—		9,078		(37,146)
Reclassifications from AOCI/L to income (2), (3)	(4,375)		124		—		(4,251)
Other comprehensive income (loss) for the period	(50,599)		124		9,078		(41,397)
Balance – September 30, 2019	$	(58,369)	$	(5,614)	$	(17,281)	$	(81,264)

(1)Amounts in parentheses represent debits (deferred losses).

(2)$7.2 million of the reclassifications related to interest rate swaps (cash flow hedges) were recorded in Interest expense, net, for the three months ended September 30, 2020. $10.3 million and $17.7 million of the reclassifications related to interest rate swaps (cash flow hedges) were recorded in Other income (expense), net and Interest expense, net, respectively for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The reclassifications related to interest rate swaps (cash flow hedges) were recorded as Interest expense, net for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. See Note 7 — Debt and Note 10 — Derivatives and Hedging for information regarding the cash flow hedges.

(3)The reclassifications related to defined benefit pension plans were recorded in Other income (expense), net. See Note 12 – Employee Benefits for information regarding the Company’s defined benefit pension plans.

The estimated net amount of the existing losses on the Company’s interest rate swaps that are reported in Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net at September 30, 2020 that is expected to be reclassified into earnings within the next 12 months is $28.9 million.

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Derivatives and Hedging (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of information regarding outstanding derivative contracts

The tables below provide information regarding the Company’s outstanding derivative contracts as of the dates indicated (in thousands, except for number of contracts).

September 30, 2020
Derivative Contract Type	Number of Contracts	Notional Amounts		Fair Value Asset (Liability), Net (3)		Balance Sheet Line Item	Unrealized Loss Recorded in AOCI/L, net of tax
Interest rate swaps (1)	4	$	1,400,000	$	(85,826)	Other liabilities	$	(84,617)
				(34,706)		Accrued liabilities
Foreign currency forwards (2)	38	211,495		(105)		Accrued liabilities	—
Total	42	$	1,611,495	$	(120,637)		$	(84,617)

December 31, 2019
Derivative Contract Type	Number of Contracts	Notional Amounts		Fair Value Asset (Liability), Net (3)		Balance Sheet Line Item	Unrealized Loss Recorded in AOCI/L, net of tax
Interest rate swaps (1)	4	$	1,400,000	$	(64,831)	Other liabilities	$	(47,164)
Foreign currency forwards (2)	176	604,858		59		Other current assets	—
Total	180	$	2,004,858	$	(64,772)		$	(47,164)

(1)Prior to June 30, 2020, the interest rate swaps were designated and accounted for as cash flow hedges of the forecasted interest payments on borrowings. As a result, changes in the fair values of the swaps were deferred and recorded in AOCI/L, net of tax effect. Upon the prepayment of $787.9 million under the Company’s Term Loan A facility and repayment of

all amounts outstanding under the 2016 Credit Agreement revolving credit facility, the Company determined that it was probable that forecasted interest payments on $200.0 million of variable rate debt would not occur. Additionally, as the variable rate debt under the Term Loan A facility was replaced by $800.0 million of fixed rate debt under the 2028 Notes, the Company de-designated all of its interest rate swaps. Note 7 — Debt provides additional information regarding the Company’s interest rate swap contracts.

(2)The Company has foreign exchange transaction risk because it typically enters into transactions in the normal course of business that are denominated in foreign currencies that differ from the local functional currency. The Company enters into short-term foreign currency forward exchange contracts to mitigate the cash flow risk associated with changes in foreign currency rates on forecasted foreign currency transactions. These contracts are accounted for at fair value with realized and unrealized gains and losses recognized in Other income (expense), net because the Company does not designate these contracts as hedges for accounting purposes. All of the outstanding foreign currency forward exchange contracts at September 30, 2020 matured before October 31, 2020.

(3)See Note 11 — Fair Value Disclosures for the determination of the fair values of these instruments.

Schedule of amounts recognized in statement of operations

The table below provides information regarding amounts recognized in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for derivative contracts for the periods indicated (in thousands).

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
Amount recorded in:	2020		2019		2020		2019
Interest expense (income), net (1)	$	7,165	$	(1,504)	$	17,679	$	(6,015)
Other expense, net (2)	179		4,367		22,494		5,064
Total expense (income), net	$	7,344	$	2,863	$	40,173	$	(951)

(1)Consists of interest expense (income) from interest rate swap contracts.

(2)Consists of net realized and unrealized gains and losses on foreign currency forward contracts, gains and losses on de-designated interest rate swaps and $10.3 million of expense during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 on interest rate swap contracts due to forecasted interest payments no longer being probable as a result of the repayment of all amounts outstanding under the 2016 Credit Agreement revolving credit facility and the prepayment of $787.9 million under the Term Loan A facility and on June 30, 2020.

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Fair Value Disclosures (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of assets and liabilities that are remeasured to fair value

The table below presents the fair values of certain financial assets and liabilities (in thousands).

Description	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Assets:
Values based on Level 1 inputs:
Deferred compensation plan assets (1)	$	9,010	$	2,277
Total Level 1 inputs	9,010		2,277
Values based on Level 2 inputs:
Deferred compensation plan assets (1)	69,568		73,419
Foreign currency forward contracts (2)	71		1,558
Total Level 2 inputs	69,639		74,977
Total Assets	$	78,649	$	77,254
Liabilities:
Values based on Level 2 inputs:
Deferred compensation plan liabilities (1)	$	84,053	$	79,556
Foreign currency forward contracts (2)	176		1,499
Interest rate swap contracts (3)	120,532		64,831
2025 Notes (4)	—		835,384
2028 Notes (5)	840,392		—
2030 Notes (6)	810,752		—
Total Level 2 inputs	1,855,905		981,270
Total Liabilities	$	1,855,905	$	981,270

(1)The Company has a deferred compensation plan for the benefit of certain highly compensated officers, managers and other key employees. The assets consist of investments in money market funds, mutual funds and company-owned life insurance contracts, which are valued based on Level 1 or Level 2 inputs. The related deferred compensation plan liabilities are recorded at fair value, or the estimated amount needed to settle the liability, which the Company considers to be a Level 2 input.

(2)The Company enters into foreign currency forward exchange contracts to hedge the effects of adverse fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates (see Note 10 — Derivatives and Hedging). Valuation of these contracts is based on observable foreign currency exchange rates in active markets, which the Company considers to be a Level 2 input.

(3)The Company has interest rate swap contracts that hedge the risk of variability from interest payments on its borrowings (see Note 7 — Debt). The fair values of interest rate swaps are based on mark-to-market valuations prepared by a third-party broker. Those valuations are based on observable interest rates from recently executed market transactions and other observable market data, which the Company considers to be Level 2 inputs. The Company independently corroborates the reasonableness of the valuations prepared by the third-party broker by using an electronic quotation service.

(4)As discussed in Note 7 — Debt, prior to September 28, 2020, the Company had $800.0 million of principal amount with 5.125% fixed-rate 2025 Notes due in 2025. The estimated fair values of the notes were derived from quoted market prices provided by an independent dealer, which the Company considers to be a Level 2 input. The carrying amount of the 2025 Notes was $785.0 million as of December 31, 2019.

(5)As discussed in Note 7 — Debt, on June 22, 2020 the Company issued $800 million aggregate principal amount of 4.50% fixed-rate 2028 Notes due in 2028. The estimated fair values of the notes was derived from quoted market prices provided by an independent dealer, which the Company considers to be a Level 2 input. The carrying amounts of the 2028 Notes were $790.5 million as of September 30, 2020.

(6)As discussed in Note 7 — Debt, on September 28, 2020 the Company issued $800 million aggregate principal amount of 3.75% fixed-rate 2030 Notes due in 2030. The estimated fair values of the notes was derived from quoted market prices provided by an independent dealer, which the Company considers to be a Level 2 input. The carrying amounts of the 2030 Notes were $790.5 million as of September 30, 2020.

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Leases (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Leases [Abstract]

Lease costs

The table below presents the Company’s net lease cost and certain other information related to the Company’s leasing activities as of and for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands).

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
Description:	2020		2019		2020		2019
Operating lease cost (1)	$	34,290	$	35,443	$	107,424	$	106,958
Variable lease cost (2)	4,006		3,902		12,382		11,517
Sublease income	(6,777)		(10,205)		(28,587)		(30,767)
Total lease cost, net (3)	$	31,519	$	29,140	$	91,219	$	87,708
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities	$	34,763	$	32,294	$	103,725	$	100,172
Cash receipts from sublease arrangements	$	9,592	$	9,000	$	28,512	$	25,131
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	527	$	38,571	$	19,061	$	67,756

(1)Included in operating lease cost was $10.5 million and $10.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $31.7 million and $32.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, and 2019, respectively, for costs related to subleasing activities.

(2)These amounts are primarily variable lease and nonlease costs that were not fixed at the lease commencement date or are dependent on something other than an index or a rate.

(3)The Company did not capitalize any operating lease costs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Supplemental balance sheet information

The table below indicates where the discounted operating lease payments from the above table are classified in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2020 (in thousands).

Description:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	82,391
Operating leases - liabilities	785,705
Total operating lease liabilities per the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet	$	868,096

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Business and Basis of Presentation - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($) enterprise country	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($) enterprise segment country	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Number of organizations Company serves | enterprise	14,000		14,000
Number of countries in which entity operates | country	100		100
Number of reportable segments | segment			3
Acquisition and integration charges	$ 1,722	$ 1,742	$ 5,438	$ 4,156
Deferred consideration					$ 2,300
Loss from divested operations	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 2,075

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Revenue and Related Matters - Disaggregation of Revenue by Geographic Area (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	$ 994,618	$ 1,000,502	$ 2,986,644	$ 3,041,828
Research
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	892,719	840,998	2,677,339	2,492,427
Conferences
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	12,738	66,286	26,925	259,392
Consulting
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	89,161	93,218	282,380	290,009
United States and Canada
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	640,261	624,880	1,922,139	1,926,770
United States and Canada | Research
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	574,203	538,112	1,737,603	1,593,806
United States and Canada | Conferences
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	10,669	28,153	16,966	157,756
United States and Canada | Consulting
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	55,389	58,615	167,570	175,208
Europe, Middle East and Africa
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	235,711	247,086	700,848	741,612
Europe, Middle East and Africa | Research
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	210,152	196,121	612,946	583,742
Europe, Middle East and Africa | Conferences
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	2,064	24,497	4,211	67,520
Europe, Middle East and Africa | Consulting
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	23,495	26,468	83,691	90,350
Other International
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	118,646	128,536	363,657	373,446
Other International | Research
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	108,364	106,765	326,790	314,879
Other International | Conferences
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	5	13,636	5,748	34,116
Other International | Consulting
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	$ 10,277	$ 8,135	$ 31,119	$ 24,451

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Revenue and Related Matters - Timing Of Revenue Recognition Liabilities per Segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	$ 994,618	$ 1,000,502	$ 2,986,644	$ 3,041,828
Transferred over time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	897,647	847,288	2,687,461	2,512,424
Transferred at a point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	96,971	153,214	299,183	529,404
Research
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	892,719	840,998	2,677,339	2,492,427
Research | Transferred over time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	823,658	769,718	2,463,434	2,276,783
Research | Transferred at a point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	69,061	71,280	213,905	215,644
Conferences
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	12,738	66,286	26,925	259,392
Conferences | Transferred over time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	0	0	0	0
Conferences | Transferred at a point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	12,738	66,286	26,925	259,392
Consulting
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	89,161	93,218	282,380	290,009
Consulting | Transferred over time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	73,989	77,570	224,027	235,641
Consulting | Transferred at a point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	$ 15,172	$ 15,648	$ 58,353	$ 54,368

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Revenue and Related Matters - Revenue Remaining Performance Obligation (Details) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($)
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Remaining performance obligation, amount	$ 2,900.0
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2020-10-01
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Remaining performance obligation, amount	$ 554.0
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction	3 months
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2021-01-01
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Remaining performance obligation, amount	$ 1,622.4
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction	1 year
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2022-01-01
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Remaining performance obligation, amount	$ 695.9
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction

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Revenue and Related Matters - Schedule of Contract with Customer, Asset and Liability (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019
Assets:
Fees receivable, gross	$ 958,864		$ 958,864		$ 1,334,012
Contract assets recorded in Prepaid expenses and other current assets	23,990		23,990		21,350
Contract liabilities:
Deferred revenues (current liability)	1,710,791		1,710,791		1,928,020
Non-current deferred revenues recorded in Other liabilities	26,051		26,051		24,409
Total contract liabilities	1,736,842		1,736,842		$ 1,952,429
Revenue recognized previously attributable to deferred revenues	$ 681,600	$ 675,200	$ 1,354,200	$ 1,312,300

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Computation of Earnings Per Share - Calculations Of Basic And Diluted (Loss) Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Numerator:
Net income used for calculating basic and diluted income per common share	$ 16,964	$ 55,077	$ 75,097	$ 41,388	$ 103,406	$ 20,795	$ 147,138	$ 165,589
Denominator:
Weighted average number of common shares used in the calculation of basic income per share (in shares)	89,378			89,846			89,307	89,947
Common stock equivalents associated with stock-based compensation plans (in shares)	577			1,041			695	1,142
Shares used in the calculation of diluted income per share (in shares)	89,955			90,887			90,002	91,089
Basic income per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.19			$ 0.46			$ 1.65	$ 1.84
Diluted income per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.19			$ 0.46			$ 1.63	$ 1.82

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Computation of Earnings Per Share - Additional information (Details) - shares shares in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of (loss) income per share (in shares)	0.5	0.3	0.8	0.2

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Stock-Based Compensation - Additional Information (Details) - $ / shares shares in Millions	Sep. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Number of shares available for grant (in shares)	4.3
Common stock par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0005	$ 0.0005

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Stock-Based Compensation - Stock-based Compensation Expense by Award Type and Expense Category (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense (credit)	$ 15.5	$ 13.0	$ 56.3	$ 57.9
Cost of services and product development
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense (credit)	6.1	6.2	25.3	23.7
Selling, general and administrative
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense (credit)	9.4	6.7	31.0	33.8
Acquisition and integration charges
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense (credit)	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.4
Stock appreciation rights
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense (credit)	2.1	1.0	5.7	5.8
Restricted stock units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense (credit)	13.2	11.8	50.0	51.5
Common stock equivalents
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense (credit)	0.2	0.2	0.6	0.6
Retirement eligible employees equity award
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense (credit)	$ 3.4	$ 0.4	$ 20.2	$ 21.8

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Segment Information - Information About Reportable Segments (Details)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($) segment	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Number of operating segments | segment			3
Operating income	$ 87,650,000	$ 69,147,000	$ 312,020,000	$ 233,948,000
Intersegment revenues
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	0	0	0	0
Reportable segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	994,618,000	1,000,502,000	2,986,644,000	3,041,828,000
Operating income	672,533,000	636,505,000	2,004,262,000	1,946,370,000
Corporate and other expenses
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating income	(584,883,000)	(567,358,000)	(1,692,242,000)	(1,712,422,000)
Research | Reportable segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	892,719,000	840,998,000	2,677,339,000	2,492,427,000
Operating income	642,328,000	582,502,000	1,928,422,000	1,729,967,000
Conferences | Reportable segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	12,738,000	66,286,000	26,925,000	259,392,000
Operating income	2,044,000	27,465,000	(15,246,000)	126,910,000
Consulting | Reportable segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	89,161,000	93,218,000	282,380,000	290,009,000
Operating income	$ 28,161,000	$ 26,538,000	$ 91,086,000	$ 89,493,000

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Segment Information - Reconciliation of Segment Gross Contribution to Net Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Costs and expenses:
Cost of services and product development	$ 329,767			$ 365,056			$ 993,596	$ 1,099,700
Selling, general and administrative	521,508			512,159			1,512,987	1,545,905
Acquisition and integration charges	1,722			1,742			5,438	4,156
Operating income	87,650			69,147			312,020	233,948
Interest expense and other, net	(28,669)			(16,049)			(97,228)	(66,716)
Loss from divested operations	0			0			0	(2,075)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	(44,814)			0			(44,814)	0
Less: (Benefit) provision for income taxes	(2,797)			11,710			22,840	(432)
Net income	16,964	$ 55,077	$ 75,097	41,388	$ 103,406	$ 20,795	147,138	165,589
Reportable segments
Costs and expenses:
Operating income	672,533			636,505			$ 2,004,262	1,946,370
Reportable segments | Maximum
Costs and expenses:
Percent of target bonus allocated to segments							100.00%
Corporate and other expenses
Costs and expenses:
Cost of services and product development	7,682			1,059			$ 11,214	4,242
Selling, general and administrative	521,508			512,159			1,512,987	1,545,905
Depreciation and amortization	53,971			52,398			162,603	158,119
Acquisition and integration charges	1,722			1,742			5,438	4,156
Operating income	$ (584,883)			$ (567,358)			$ (1,692,242)	$ (1,712,422)

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Changes to Carrying Amount of Goodwill by Reporting Unit (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2020
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill impairment	$ 0
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance		$ 2,937,726,000
Foreign currency translation impact		982,000
Ending balance		2,938,708,000
Goodwill, accumulated impairment losses	$ 0
Research
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance		2,651,060,000
Foreign currency translation impact		1,187,000
Ending balance		2,652,247,000
Conferences
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance		189,641,000
Foreign currency translation impact		29,000
Ending balance		189,670,000
Consulting
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance		97,025,000
Foreign currency translation impact		(234,000)
Ending balance		$ 96,791,000

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Carrying Amounts of Amortizable Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Gross cost, beginning balance			$ 1,301,120
Intangible assets fully amortized			(13,138)
Foreign currency translation impact			(12,032)
Gross cost, ending balance	$ 1,275,950		1,275,950
Accumulated amortization	(454,956)		(454,956)		$ (376,033)
Finite-lived intangible assets, net	820,994		820,994		925,087
Amortization of intangibles	31,228	$ 31,694	94,615	$ 97,541
Customer Relationships
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Gross cost, beginning balance			1,145,109
Intangible assets fully amortized			(1,650)
Foreign currency translation impact			(11,339)
Gross cost, ending balance	1,132,120		1,132,120
Accumulated amortization	(351,738)		(351,738)		(283,369)
Finite-lived intangible assets, net	780,382		$ 780,382		861,740
Customer Relationships | Minimum
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Finite-lived intangible assets useful life			3 years
Customer Relationships | Maximum
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Finite-lived intangible assets useful life			13 years
Software
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Gross cost, beginning balance			$ 111,033
Intangible assets fully amortized			(787)
Foreign currency translation impact			(375)
Gross cost, ending balance	109,871		109,871
Accumulated amortization	(77,239)		(77,239)		(61,564)
Finite-lived intangible assets, net	32,632		$ 32,632		49,469
Software | Minimum
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Finite-lived intangible assets useful life			2 years
Software | Maximum
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Finite-lived intangible assets useful life			7 years
Content
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Gross cost, beginning balance			$ 14,140
Intangible assets fully amortized			(9,929)
Foreign currency translation impact			(246)
Gross cost, ending balance	3,965		3,965
Accumulated amortization	(3,177)		(3,177)		(11,225)
Finite-lived intangible assets, net	788		$ 788		2,915
Content | Minimum
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Finite-lived intangible assets useful life			2 years
Content | Maximum
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Finite-lived intangible assets useful life			3 years
Other
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Gross cost, beginning balance			$ 30,838
Intangible assets fully amortized			(772)
Foreign currency translation impact			(72)
Gross cost, ending balance	29,994		29,994
Accumulated amortization	(22,802)		(22,802)		(19,875)
Finite-lived intangible assets, net	$ 7,192		$ 7,192		$ 10,963
Other | Minimum
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Finite-lived intangible assets useful life			2 years
Other | Maximum
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Finite-lived intangible assets useful life			11 years

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Estimated Future Amortization Expense By Year From Amortizable Intangibles (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net, Amortization Expense, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
2020 (remaining three months)	$ 30,226
2021	104,109
2022	94,288
2023	94,272
2024	88,975
Thereafter	409,124
Finite-lived intangible assets, net	$ 820,994	$ 925,087

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Debt - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)				9 Months Ended
	Sep. 28, 2020	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 22, 2020	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 27, 2020
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Proceeds from borrowings				$ 2,000,000,000	$ 5,000,000
Repayments of long-term debt				2,053,342,000	74,612,000
Payment for debt extinguishment cost				30,752,000	$ 0
Senior Notes Due 2030 | Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount	$ 800,000,000			800,000,000.0
Debt instrument, fixed interest rate	3.75%
Debt instrument, issue price, percent	100.00%
Senior Notes Due 2030 | Senior Notes | Debt Instrument Redemption Option One
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Percentage of principal amount redeemed	40.00%
Debt instrument, redemption price, percentage	103.75%
Senior Notes Due 2030 | Senior Notes | Debt Instrument Redemption Option Two
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, redemption price, percentage	100.00%
Senior Notes Due 2030 | Senior Notes | Debt Instrument Redemption Option Three
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, redemption price, percentage	101.00%
Senior Notes Due 2025 | Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount				$ 800,000,000.0		$ 800,000,000.0
Debt instrument, fixed interest rate				5.125%
Debt instrument, issue price, percent				100.00%
Payment for debt extinguishment cost	$ 30,800,000
Write off of deferred financing costs	$ 14,000,000.0
Senior Notes Due 2028 | Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount			$ 800,000,000	$ 800,000,000.0
Debt instrument, fixed interest rate			4.50%
Debt instrument, issue price, percent			100.00%
Senior Notes Due 2028 | Senior Notes | Debt Instrument Redemption Option One
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Percentage of principal amount redeemed			40.00%
Debt instrument, redemption price, percentage			104.50%
Senior Notes Due 2028 | Senior Notes | Debt Instrument Redemption Option Two
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, redemption price, percentage			100.00%
Senior Notes Due 2028 | Senior Notes | Debt Instrument Redemption Option Three
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, redemption price, percentage			101.00%
2020 Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Percentage of subsidiary voting stock pledged as collateral	66.00%
Interest rate, increase	2.00%
2020 Credit Agreement | Variable Rate Component, One | Federal Reserve Board Of New York Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate	0.50%
2020 Credit Agreement | Variable Rate Component, One | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate	1.00%
2020 Credit Agreement | Variable Rate Component, One | Base Rate | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate	0.125%
2020 Credit Agreement | Variable Rate Component, One | Base Rate | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate	1.25%
2020 Credit Agreement | Variable Rate Component, Two | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate	1.125%
2020 Credit Agreement | Variable Rate Component, Two | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate	2.25%
2020 Credit Agreement | Term Loan Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount	$ 400,000,000
Debt term	5 years
Proceeds from borrowings	$ 400,000,000
2020 Credit Agreement | Revolving credit facility | Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt term	5 years
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity	$ 1,000,000,000.0
Accordion feature, increase limit	$ 1,000,000,000.0
2020 Credit Agreement | Revolving credit facility | Line of Credit | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unused borrowing capacity, fee percent	0.175%
2020 Credit Agreement | Revolving credit facility | Line of Credit | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unused borrowing capacity, fee percent	0.40%
2020 Credit Agreement | Letter of Credit | Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity	$ 75,000,000.0
2016 Agreement | Term loans | Bank Term Loan - A Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity				1,500,000,000
Repayments of long-term debt		$ 787,900,000
2016 Agreement | Revolving credit facility | Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity				$ 1,200,000,000

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Debt - Borrowings (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount outstanding	$ 2,006,172	$ 2,207,514
Less: deferred financing fees	(28,188)	(23,908)
Net balance sheet carrying amount	1,977,984	2,183,606
Term Loan Facility | 2020 Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross	400,000	0
Line of Credit | Revolving credit facility | 2020 Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross	0	0
Line of Credit | Revolving credit facility | 2016 Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross	0	148,000
Bank Term Loan - A Facility | 2016 Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross	0	1,252,969
Senior Notes | Senior Notes Due 2025
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross	0	800,000
Senior Notes | Senior Notes Due 2028
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross	800,000	0
Senior Notes | Senior Notes Due 2030
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross	800,000	0
Other
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross	$ 6,172	$ 6,545

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Debt - Footnote to Borrowings (Details)		3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 28, 2020 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Jun. 22, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2012 loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted average annual effect rate		5.48%	4.69%
Senior Notes | Senior Notes Due 2028
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount		$ 800,000,000.0	$ 800,000,000.0	$ 800,000,000
Debt instrument, fixed interest rate				4.50%
Long term debt		800,000,000	800,000,000		$ 0
Senior Notes | Senior Notes Due 2030
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount	$ 800,000,000	800,000,000.0	800,000,000.0
Debt instrument, fixed interest rate	3.75%
Long term debt		$ 800,000,000	$ 800,000,000		0
Connecticut Economic Development Program
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Number of loans | loan						2
Connecticut Economic Development Program | Economic Development Loan 1
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, fixed interest rate		3.00%	3.00%
Debt term			10 years
Long term debt		$ 1,200,000	$ 1,200,000
Connecticut Economic Development Program | Economic Development Loan 2
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, fixed interest rate		1.75%	1.75%
Debt term			10 years
Term Loan Facility | 2020 Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Contractual annualized interest rate		1.69%	1.69%
Floating eurodollar base rate		0.19%	0.19%
Additional interest above base rate			1.50%
Aggregate principal amount	$ 400,000,000
Debt term	5 years
Long term debt		$ 400,000,000	$ 400,000,000		0
Revolving credit facility | Line of Credit | 2020 Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Remaining borrowing capacity		1,000,000,000.0	1,000,000,000.0
Debt term	5 years
Long term debt		$ 0	$ 0		$ 0

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Debt - Interest Rate Swaps (Details)		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($) outstanding_contract derivative_instrument	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Jun. 22, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) outstanding_contract
Derivative [Line Items]
Number of contracts | outstanding_contract		42			180
Interest rate swap contracts total notional value		$ 1,611,495,000			$ 2,004,858,000
Repayments of long-term debt		2,053,342,000	$ 74,612,000
Variable rate debt		200,000,000.0
Senior Notes Due 2028 | Senior Notes
Derivative [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount		$ 800,000,000.0		$ 800,000,000
Term loans | 2016 Agreement | Bank Term Loan - A Facility
Derivative [Line Items]
Repayments of long-term debt	$ 787,900,000
Interest rate swaps
Derivative [Line Items]
Number of contracts | derivative_instrument		4
Interest rate swap contracts total notional value		$ 1,400,000,000
Term of contract		30 days
Loss on release of interest rate swap recognized in AOCI		$ 111,200,000
Net negative fair value (liability)		(120,500,000)			(64,800,000)
Interest rate swaps | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net
Derivative [Line Items]
Net negative fair value (liability)		(84,600,000)			$ (47,200,000)
Interest rate swaps | Other Expense
Derivative [Line Items]
Loss on release of interest rate swap recognized in earnings		$ 10,300,000
Interest rate swaps | Minimum
Derivative [Line Items]
Fixed interest rate		2.13%
Interest rate swaps | Maximum
Derivative [Line Items]
Fixed interest rate		3.04%

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Equity - Share Repurchase Program and Share Repurchase Activity (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]
Stock repurchase program, authorized amount	$ 1,200,000,000		$ 1,200,000,000
Stock repurchase program, remaining authorized repurchase amount	$ 700,000,000		$ 700,000,000
Number of shares repurchased (in shares)	17,167	705,800	440,873	929,311
Cash paid for repurchased shares	$ 2,255,000	$ 94,878,000	$ 76,117,000	$ 141,436,000
Treasury stock, average price paid per share (in dollars per share)	$ 131.35	$ 134.42	$ 149.97	$ 136.05

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Equity - Changes in AOCI/L by Component (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 991,219	$ 890,275	$ 938,593	$ 963,802	$ 856,897	$ 850,757	$ 938,593	$ 850,757
Change in AOCI/L before reclassifications to income	6,465			(6,731)			(73,088)	(37,146)
Reclassifications from AOCL/I to income	5,497			(1,054)			20,813	(4,251)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	11,962	26,797	(91,034)	(7,785)	(11,913)	(21,699)	(52,275)	(41,397)
Ending balance	1,037,503	991,219	890,275	919,657	963,802	856,897	1,037,503	919,657
Derivative reclassifications	(7,344)			(2,863)			(40,173)	951
Interest (income) expense, net
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Derivative reclassifications	(7,165)			1,504			(17,679)	6,015
Interest rate swaps
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Loss to be reclassified within twelve months							28,900
Interest rate swaps | Other Expense
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Derivative reclassifications							10,300
Interest rate swaps | Interest (income) expense, net
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Derivative reclassifications	7,200						17,700
Interest Rate Swaps
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	(88,996)		(47,164)	(46,990)		(7,770)	(47,164)	(7,770)
Change in AOCI/L before reclassifications to income	(1,033)			(10,285)			(58,022)	(46,224)
Reclassifications from AOCL/I to income	5,412			(1,094)			20,569	(4,375)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	4,379			(11,379)			(37,453)	(50,599)
Ending balance	(84,617)	(88,996)		(58,369)	(46,990)		(84,617)	(58,369)
Defined Benefit Pension Plans
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	(8,425)		(8,584)	(5,655)		(5,738)	(8,584)	(5,738)
Change in AOCI/L before reclassifications to income	0			0			0	0
Reclassifications from AOCL/I to income	85			41			244	124
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	85			41			244	124
Ending balance	(8,340)	(8,425)		(5,614)	(5,655)		(8,340)	(5,614)
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	(44,754)		(22,190)	(20,834)		(26,359)	(22,190)	(26,359)
Change in AOCI/L before reclassifications to income	7,498			3,553			(15,066)	9,078
Reclassifications from AOCL/I to income	0			0			0	0
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	7,498			3,553			(15,066)	9,078
Ending balance	(37,256)	(44,754)		(17,281)	(20,834)		(37,256)	(17,281)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	(142,175)	(168,972)	(77,938)	(73,479)	(61,566)	(39,867)	(77,938)	(39,867)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	11,962	26,797	(91,034)	(7,785)	(11,913)	(21,699)
Ending balance	$ (130,213)	$ (142,175)	$ (168,972)	$ (81,264)	$ (73,479)	$ (61,566)	$ (130,213)	$ (81,264)

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Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
(Benefit) provision for income taxes	$ (2,797)	$ 11,710	$ 22,840	$ (432)
Effective income tax rate	(19.70%)	22.10%	13.40%	(0.30%)
Tax benefit from intercompany sale of intellectual property			$ 28,300	$ 38,100
Unrecognized tax benefits	$ 118,500		118,500		$ 102,800
Decrease in unrecognized tax benefits is reasonably possible	$ 9,900		$ 9,900

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Derivatives and Hedging - Outstanding Derivatives Contracts (Details)		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($) outstanding_contract derivative_instrument	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) outstanding_contract	Jun. 22, 2020 USD ($)
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Number of Contracts | outstanding_contract		42		180
Notional Amounts		$ 1,611,495,000		$ 2,004,858,000
Fair Value Asset (Liability), Net		(120,637,000)		(64,772,000)
Unrealized Loss Recorded in AOCI/L, net of tax		(84,617,000)		$ (47,164,000)
Repayments of long-term debt		2,053,342,000	$ 74,612,000
Variable rate debt		200,000,000.0
Senior Notes Due 2028 | Senior Notes
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount		$ 800,000,000.0			$ 800,000,000
2016 Agreement | Bank Term Loan - A Facility | Term loans
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Repayments of long-term debt	$ 787,900,000
Interest rate swaps
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Number of Contracts | derivative_instrument		4
Notional Amounts		$ 1,400,000,000
Designated as hedging instrument | Other liabilities | Interest rate swaps
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Number of Contracts | outstanding_contract		4		4
Notional Amounts		$ 1,400,000,000		$ 1,400,000,000
Fair Value Asset (Liability), Net		(85,826,000)		(64,831,000)
Unrealized Loss Recorded in AOCI/L, net of tax		(84,617,000)		$ (47,164,000)
Designated as hedging instrument | Accrued liabilities | Interest rate swaps
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Fair Value Asset (Liability), Net		$ (34,706,000)
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Accrued liabilities | Foreign currency forwards
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Number of Contracts | outstanding_contract		38
Notional Amounts		$ 211,495,000
Fair Value Asset (Liability), Net		(105,000)
Unrealized Loss Recorded in AOCI/L, net of tax		$ 0
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Other current assets | Foreign currency forwards
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Number of Contracts | outstanding_contract				176
Notional Amounts				$ 604,858,000
Fair Value Asset (Liability), Net				59,000
Unrealized Loss Recorded in AOCI/L, net of tax				$ 0

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Derivatives and Hedging - Amounts Recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for Derivative Contracts (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Total expense (income), net		$ 7,344	$ 2,863	$ 40,173	$ (951)
Repayments of long-term debt				2,053,342	74,612
Term loans | 2016 Agreement | Bank Term Loan - A Facility
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Repayments of long-term debt	$ 787,900
Interest (income) expense, net
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Total expense (income), net		7,165	(1,504)	17,679	(6,015)
Interest (income) expense, net | Interest rate swaps
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Total expense (income), net		(7,200)		(17,700)
Other expense (income), net
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Total expense (income), net		$ 179	$ 4,367	22,494	$ 5,064
Other Expense | Interest rate swaps
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Total expense (income), net				(10,300)
Loss on release of interest rate swap recognized in earnings				$ 10,300

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Fair Value Disclosures - Assets And Liabilities Measured At Fair Value On Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 28, 2020	Sep. 27, 2020	Jun. 22, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Assets:
Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$ 78,649,000				$ 77,254,000
Liabilities:
Liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis	1,855,905,000				981,270,000
Senior Notes | Senior Notes Due 2025
Liabilities:
Aggregate principal amount	$ 800,000,000.0		$ 800,000,000.0
Debt instrument, fixed interest rate	5.125%
Long-term debt carrying amount					785,000,000.0
Senior Notes | Senior Notes Due 2028
Liabilities:
Aggregate principal amount	$ 800,000,000.0			$ 800,000,000
Debt instrument, fixed interest rate				4.50%
Long-term debt carrying amount	790,500,000
Senior Notes | Senior Notes Due 2030
Liabilities:
Aggregate principal amount	800,000,000.0	$ 800,000,000
Debt instrument, fixed interest rate		3.75%
Long-term debt carrying amount	790,500,000
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1
Assets:
Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	9,010,000				2,277,000
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2
Assets:
Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	69,639,000				74,977,000
Liabilities:
Liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis	1,855,905,000				981,270,000
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Foreign currency forward contracts
Assets:
Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	71,000				1,558,000
Liabilities:
Liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis	176,000				1,499,000
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Interest rate swap contracts
Liabilities:
Liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis	120,532,000				64,831,000
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Deferred compensation plan assets
Assets:
Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	69,568,000				73,419,000
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Deferred compensation plan liabilities
Liabilities:
Liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis	84,053,000				79,556,000
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Debt | Senior Notes | Senior Notes Due 2025
Liabilities:
Liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis	0				835,384,000
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Debt | Senior Notes | Senior Notes Due 2028
Liabilities:
Liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis	840,392,000				0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Debt | Senior Notes | Senior Notes Due 2030
Liabilities:
Liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$ 810,752,000				$ 0

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Employee Benefits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Net periodic pension expense	$ 1.2	$ 0.9	$ 3.3	$ 2.6

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Leases - Narrative (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020
Leases [Abstract]
Renewal term	5 years
Option to terminate, term	1 year

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Leases - Net Lease Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease cost	$ 34,290	$ 35,443	$ 107,424	$ 106,958
Variable lease cost	4,006	3,902	12,382	11,517
Sublease income	(6,777)	(10,205)	(28,587)	(30,767)
Total lease cost, net	31,519	29,140	91,219	87,708
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities	34,763	32,294	103,725	100,172
Cash receipts from sublease arrangements	9,592	9,000	28,512	25,131
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	527	38,571	19,061	67,756
Cost for subleasing activities	$ 10,500	$ 10,800	$ 31,700	$ 32,500

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Leases - Supplemental Balance Sheet Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Leases [Abstract]
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$ 82,391
Operating leases - liabilities	785,705	$ 832,533
Total operating lease liabilities per the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet	$ 868,096
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	us-gaap:AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent