10-K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

☑ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2024

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________ to _________

Commission File Number:  001-40202

Red Cat Holdings, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Nevada	88-0490034
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

15 Ave. Munoz Rivera, Ste 2200 San Juan, PR	00901
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (833) 373-3228

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.001	RCAT	Nasdaq Capital Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☑

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☑	Smaller reporting company	☑
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☑

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter was $50,844,411.

As of August 5, 2024, there were 74,600,737 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement for the 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated herein by reference in Part III of this annual report on Form 10-K to the extent stated herein. Such proxy statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after the close of the registrant’s fiscal year.  

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
	PART I
Item 1.	Business		4
Item 1A.	Risk Factors		10
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments		27
Item 1C.	Cybersecurity		27
Item 2.	Properties		28
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings		29
Item 4	Mine Safety Disclosures		29
	PART II
Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities		29
Item 6.	Reserved		30
Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		30
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk		34
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data		35
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure		60
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures		60
Item 9B.	Other Information		61
Item 9C.	Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections		61
	PART III
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance		61
Item 11.	Executive Compensation		62
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters		62
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence		62
Item 14.	Principal Accountant Fees and Services		62
	PART IV
Item 15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules		62
Item 16.	Form 10-K Summary		63
Signatures			64

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act") and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). Such forward-looking statements include, among others, those statements including the words "believes", "anticipates", "expects", "intends", "estimates", "plans" and words of similar import. Such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements, or industry results, to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, potential target businesses, the economy, and other future conditions. Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, by their nature, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Our actual results may differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements. Therefore, we caution you that you should not rely on any of these forward-looking statements as statements of historical fact or as guarantees or assurances of future performance. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include (i) the market and sales success of our existing and any new products, (ii) our ability to raise capital when needed and on acceptable terms, (iii) our ability to make acquisitions and integrate acquired businesses into our company, (iv) our ability to attract and retain management, (v) the intensity of competition, (vi) changes in the political and regulatory environment and in business and economic conditions in the United States and globally, (vii) geopolitical conflicts throughout the world, including those in Ukraine and Israel. These risks and others described under the section "Risk Factors" below are not exhaustive.

Given these uncertainties, readers of this Annual Report are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. We disclaim any obligation to update any such factors or to publicly announce the result of any revisions to any of the forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect future events or developments.

All references in this Annual Report to the "Company", "we", "us", or "our", are to Red Cat Holdings, Inc., a Nevada corporation, including its wholly owned consolidated subsidiaries Skypersonic, Inc. (“Skypersonic”), Teal Drones, Inc. (“Teal”), and Red Cat Propware, Inc. (“Propware”), as well as Rotor Riot LLC (“Rotor Riot”), Fat Shark Holdings, Ltd. (“Fat Shark”), which were wholly owned subsidiaries until February 16, 2024.

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 PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Overview

The Company was originally incorporated under the laws of the State of Colorado in 1984 under the name Oravest International, Inc. In November 2016, we changed our name to TimefireVR, Inc. and re-incorporated in Nevada. In May 2019, the Company completed a share exchange agreement with Propware which resulted in the Propware shareholders acquiring an 83% ownership interest, and management control, of the Company. In connection with the share exchange agreement, we changed our name to Red Cat Holdings, Inc. (“Red Cat” or the “Company” or “we”) and our operating focus to the drone industry.

Prior to the share exchange agreement, Propware was focused on the research and development of software solutions that could provide secure cloud-based analytics, storage and services for the drone industry. Following the share exchange agreement and its name change, Red Cat has completed a series of acquisitions and financings which have broadened the scope of its activities in the drone industry. These acquisitions included:

• In January 2020, we acquired Rotor Riot, a reseller of drones and related parts, primarily to the consumer marketplace through its digital storefront located at www.rotorriot.com. The total purchase price was $2.0 million.

• In November 2020, the Company acquired Fat Shark which sells consumer electronics products to the first-person view (“FPV”) sector of the drone industry. Fat Shark’s flagship products are headsets with a built-in display (or “goggles”) that allow a pilot to see a real-time video feed from a camera typically mounted on an aerial platform or drone. The total purchase price was $8.4 million.

• In May 2021, we acquired Skypersonic, a provider of drone products and software solutions that enable drone inspection flights that can be executed by pilots anywhere in the world. Skypersonic powers drones to “Fly Anywhere” and “Inspect the Impossible”. Its patented software and hardware solutions allow for inspection services in restricted spaces where GPS is denied or unavailable. The total purchase price was $2.8 million.

• In August 2021, the Company acquired Teal, a leader in providing sophisticated and complex unmanned aerial vehicle ("UAV") technology, primarily drones, to government and commercial enterprises, most notably, the military. Teal manufactures drones approved by the U.S. Department of Defense for reconnaissance, public safety, and inspection applications. The total purchase price was $10.0 million.

Following the Teal acquisition in August 2021, we concentrated on integrating and organizing these businesses. Effective May 1, 2022, we established the Enterprise segment and the Consumer segment to focus on the unique opportunities in each sector. The Enterprise segment’s initial strategy was to provide UAVs to commercial enterprises, and the military, to navigate dangerous military environments and confined industrial and commercial interior spaces. Subsequently, the segment narrowed its near-term attention on the military and other government agencies. Skypersonic's technology has been redirected to military applications and its operations consolidated into Teal.

The Enterprise segment’s current business strategy is focused on providing integrated robotic hardware and software for use across a variety of applications. Its solutions provide critical situational awareness and actionable intelligence to on-the-ground warfighters and battlefield commanders as well as firefighters and public safety officials. Our Enterprise segment’s efforts are centered on developing and scaling an American made family of systems. We have since completed construction of a manufacturing facility in Salt Lake City and believe that an increased focus by the United States government and American businesses on purchasing products that are “Made in America” provide our Enterprise segment with a competitive advantage.

On February 16, 2024, we closed the sale of our Consumer segment, consisting of Rotor Riot and Fat Shark, to Unusual Machines, Inc. (or “Unusual Machines” or “UMAC”). The sale reflects our decision to focus our efforts and capital on defense where we believe there are more opportunities to create long term shareholder value.

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Key Business Accomplishments during Fiscal 2024 and to date include:

Scaling Teal 2, a military-grade sUAS Designed to “Dominate the Night™”

Following its acquisition by Red Cat in August 2021, Teal accelerated efforts on the development of its next generation drone for our Enterprise segment. These efforts culminated in the launch of the Teal 2 in April 2023. The Teal 2 is the first small, unmanned aircraft system (“sUAS”) designed to “Dominate the Night”, when most combat operations take place, through its enhanced capabilities. The Teal 2 offers the latest intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (“ISR”) technology and delivers time-critical information that enables the warfighter to make faster and smarter decisions.

The Teal 2 is manufactured exclusively at Teal’s purpose-built factory in Salt Lake City, Utah. Teal originally moved into the facility in October 2021. In January 2022, Teal doubled the size of the facility, which now totals approximately 22,000 square feet, to fully scale production capacity to meet the forecast growth in demand and to house its expanding team of software and technology engineers. We believe that maximum production capacity for this facility can reach 5,000 or more drones per month over the next few years, provided that additional capital investments are made and manufacturing efficiencies realized. Manufacturing in the United States, “Made in the USA,” is a critical consideration of the U.S. government and other state and local government agencies.

During Fiscal 2024, Teal continued to scale the manufacturing facility, including dedicated teams for production and assembly, manufacturing engineering, supply chain and logistics, warranty and returns, as well as a flight operations team that is focused on manufacturing and quality assurance and quality control.

Designation of Teal 2 as Blue UAS received from U.S. Department of Defense

In June 2023, the Teal 2 received clearance from the U.S. Department of Defense ("DoD") to be designated as a Blue UAS. The DoD defines these drones as NDAA (National Defense Authorization Act) compliant, validated as cyber secure, and safe to fly. This designation enables Teal to fill orders from federal, state, and local government agencies subject to oversight by the DoD, including those orders that were contingent upon receiving certification. In addition, many governments of allied nations are more likely to purchase Blue UAS approved drones. Teal's legacy drone, the Golden Eagle, is also on the cleared list.

After the U.S. Army banned its forces from using Chinese-made quadcopters due to security risks (the radio controls of the drone are unencrypted and the devices could potentially capture, store and upload sensitive information to the Chinese government), the DoD began developing its own alternatives under a defense program known as Blue sUAS. Blue sUAS is an initiative of the Defense Innovation Unit (“DIU”), the only DoD organization focused on accelerating the adoption of commercial and dual use technology to solve operational challenges at a speed and scale that is faster and higher than normal for government agencies.

Red Cat Futures Initiative

In May 2024, we announced the formation of the Red Cat Futures Initiative (RFI). RFI is an independent, industry-wide consortium of robotics and autonomous systems (RAS) partners dedicated to putting the most advanced and interoperable uncrewed aircraft systems into the hands of warfighters. Anchored by Red Cat’s Teal Drones, the RFI unites the world’s most innovative UAS hardware and software companies focused on AI/ML, swarming, FPV, command and control, and payloads.

Founding members include Ocean Power Technologies (NYSE: OPTT), Sentien Robotics, Primordial Labs, Athena AI, Unusual Machines, Reach Power, Doodle Labs, and MMS Products. The shared goal is advocacy, integrations and co-marketing that bridges considerable technology gaps through modular open architecture.

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Government Contracts and Orders

The Enterprise segment is focused on U.S. federal government agencies, particularly the DoD, as its initial target market. Its longer term target customer base includes U.S. state and local government agencies, as well as governments of foreign allies. An overview of existing government contracts and recent developments include:

Finalist for Short Range Reconnaissance Program of Record

In March 2022, Teal was selected by the DoD’s DIU and the U.S. Army to compete in the Short Range Reconnaissance Tranche 2 (SRR T2) Program of Record. The rigorous technical requirements and program objectives of SRR T2 dramatically narrowed the field from 37 drone manufacturers down to two vendors. The Army has indicated that Tranche 2 and 3 have been combined and will represent the final tranche of the SRR program.

Teal was selected to develop a next-generation sUAS designed for intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) duties, with a focus on autonomous capability, for the U.S. Army. The ultimate goal of the SRR T2 program is to provide a small, rucksack portable, fully encrypted sUAS that provides all Army infantry platoons (consisting of 20-50 soldiers) with situational awareness beyond the next terrain.

As of May 2024, Teal has completed all milestones in its SRR T2 contract, whose value totaled $5.7 million. Teal expects the Army to announce vendor selection of a production award by the fourth quarter of calendar 2024.

U.S. Border Patrol

$1.8 Million Purchase Order from U.S. Border Patrol

In September 2023, Teal was awarded a $1.8 million contract from U.S. Customs and Border Protection to provide Teal 2 systems to U.S. Border Patrol. The U.S. Border Patrol is using the Teal 2 to provide supplemental airborne reconnaissance, surveillance and tracking capability, enhancing situational awareness for U.S. field commanders and agents.

Customs and Border Protection Contract Worth up to $90 Million over Five Years

In December 2021, Teal was one of only five contractors designated to participate in a firm, fixed price, multiple award blanket purchase agreement (BPA) by the United States Customs and Border Protection. The BPA has an estimated value of $90 million in total over a 5-year period.

The Department of Homeland Security agencies can place orders through the BPA for unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). The drones will provide supplemental airborne reconnaissance, surveillance, and tracking capability to enhance situational awareness for field commanders and agents in areas that lack nearby traditional surveillance systems or available manned air support.

U.S. Defense Logistics Agency

In August 2023, Teal received two purchase orders totaling $5.2 million from the U.S. Defense Logistics Agency (DLA). Both orders were requested by U.S. Air Force Security Forces, whose role is to defend Air Force bases and installations.

The procurements were sourced by global operations support company Noble Supply & Logistics, LLC (NOBLE) as part of the DLA’s Special Operational Equipment Tailored Logistics Support (“SOE TLS Program”). NOBLE is a DLA-designated provider for the SOE TLS Program. This 10-year program, capped at $33 billion, covers the delivery of logistics support to federal agencies, military bases and other DLA customers worldwide, helping them meet their special operational equipment requirements. 

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NATO Allied Countries

In March 2024, Teal received $2.5 million in new contract awards with two NATO allied countries. As part of our expanded global sales strategy, the contract delivery featured Teal 2 drone systems, training, and accessories.

Product Development

Product development efforts in fiscal 2024 were focused on the scaling of the Teal 2 which was officially launched in April 2023 at the Army Aviation Mission Solutions Summit. Significant resources were also expended developing the next generation system under the Army's SRR Tranche 2 program.

Sales and Marketing

Since acquiring Teal in August 2021, we have built a sales and marketing team which presently consists of 16 direct and support professionals. Most of their efforts in fiscal 2024 were focused on developing relationships with the military agencies of the U.S. Federal Government. While the sales cycle for government agencies can be extensive and take considerable time and effort to establish, they can often become a long-term buyer once initial sales are closed.

During fiscal 2024, we continued global expansion efforts among U.S. allies. In December 2023, the team showcased the Teal 2 drone at Expodefensa 2023 in Latin America. Expodefensa 2023 is a main hub for security and defense in Latin America, allowing international exhibitors to present their systems and products in response to a growing regional demand. The aim of the event was to help governments and armed forces face their operational and capability challenges while playing a role in building a safer Latin America.

In February 2024, the team showcased the Teal 2 drone at the World Defense Show in Saudi Arabia. The World Defense Show provided a unique platform for the world’s defense industry to network, partner, share knowledge, and discover new innovations and capabilities across all defense domains. The World Defense Show attracted key defense figures, government officials, decision-makers, and thought leaders across all levels of the supply chain.

Other Teal Information

Suppliers

Teal purchases inventory from over 35 suppliers. Approximately 80% of this inventory is purchased from four vendors. The most critical components are electronics and cameras. Teal's supply chain is NDAA and Blue UAS compliant. All suppliers are approved based on Teal's strict vendor qualification process.

Competition

Teal's primary competitor is Shenzhen Da-Jiang Innovations Sciences and Technologies Company Limited (“DJI”), headquartered in Shenzhen, China. Though regulation is trending toward further restrictions against Chinese made drones, DJI remains a global industry leader and continues to serve markets on which Teal is focused. Teal’s primary domestic competitor is Skydio Inc. This company was selected alongside Teal out of 37 companies to compete in the Short Range Reconnaissance Tranche 2 program. Future competitors may include established defense contractors that are better capitalized and resourced to compete in Teal's markets. Teal competes with a combination of its unique product value propositions (i.e., nighttime capability, modular platform), and scalable, low-cost, domestic manufacturing.

The Drone Industry

The drone industry continues to expand to become a powerful business tool and recreational activity, with growth occurring broadly and across our targeted industries. According to Drone Industry Insights, the global drone market is expected to grow to $54.6 billion by 2030, with the commercial market growing at a 7.7% compound annual growth rate (“CAGR”). According to Vantage Market Research, the global military drone market is projected to reach a value of $34.9 billion by 2030 at a CAGR of 11.6%.

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Government Regulation and Federal Policy

The Federal Aviation Administration

The Federal Aviation Administration (the “FAA”) of the United States Department of Transportation is responsible for the regulation and oversight of civil aviation within the U.S. Its primary mission is to ensure the safety of civil aviation. The FAA has adopted the name “unmanned aircraft systems” (“UAS”) to describe aircraft systems without a flight crew on board. More common names include drone, UAV and remotely operated aircraft.

The FAA began issuing conditional approvals allowing the operation of drones as early 2005 with their scope and frequency expanding in recent years with the significant increase in the number of drones sold. In December 2015, the FAA announced that all drones weighing more than 250 grams, or 0.55 pounds, must be registered with the FAA. In June 2016, the FAA released a new section under title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (Part 107) defining a regulatory framework for the commercial, industrial and public safety use of drones, establishing a licensing program for drone pilots, and issuing Remote Pilot certificates to qualified pilots. As of July 2023, the FAA reported the registration of almost 870,000 drones, of which approximately 350,000 were commercial and approximately 520,000 were recreational. In addition, more than 330,000 remote pilots were certified. This data strongly suggests drones represent the largest share of commercial aviation in the United States by number of pilots, aircraft, and flights.

In January 2021, the FAA finalized rules requiring that drones be identifiable remotely. These rules became effective for drone manufacturers in September 2022 and for drone pilots in September 2023. The FAA believes that remote ID technologies enhance safety and security by allowing the FAA, law enforcement, and federal security agencies to identify drones flying in their jurisdiction. These efforts lay the foundation for more complex operations, such as those beyond visual line of sight at low altitudes, as the FAA and the drone industry move toward a unified air traffic management ecosystem as drone operations become a routine fixture in the National Airspace System (the “NAS”).

In May of 2023, the FAA began soliciting recommendations from the industry regarding rule making supporting the implementation of Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) operations. This rulemaking would support standard implementation of routine flights over the horizon, and potentially multiple miles from a drone’s control station and pilot. This rulemaking would free drone pilots and operators from restrictive and labor-intensive conditional approval petitions, and would improve the economies of scale for drones to tackle larger mission sets, such as surveying miles of power lines or railroad tracks, or securing miles of rural border.

In July 2023, the FAA released a notice of proposed rulemaking for another regulation that would ease the integration of UAS into the NAS. This rule, known as Modernization of Special Purpose Airworthiness Certificates, seeks to modernize the manner in which the FAA performs safety assessment of the design of certain aircraft, including UAS. As a result, the testing and evaluation burden on manufacturers is greatly decreased, and the cost of development of UAS may be dramatically reduced. 

American Security Drone Act

In February 2023, two Congressman introduced the American Security Drone Act (ASDA) which would prohibit the purchase and operation of drones from countries identified as national security threats such as China. The basis for the legislation is that purchases from these countries (i) pose a significant threat to national security, (ii) represent efforts to infiltrate and influence American society, and (iii) risk the theft of personal and business data. Specifically, the American Security Drone Act:

• Prohibits federal departments and agencies from procuring certain foreign commercial off-the-shelf drone or covered unmanned aircraft system manufactured or assembled in countries identified as national security threats and provides a timeline to end current use of these drones.

• Prohibits the use of federal funds awarded through certain contracts, grants, or cooperative agreements to state or local governments from being used to purchase foreign commercial off-the-shelf drones or covered unmanned aircraft systems manufactured or assembled in a country identified as a national security threat.

• Requires the Comptroller General of the United States to submit a report to Congress detailing the amount of foreign commercial off-the-shelf drones and covered unmanned aircraft systems procured by federal departments and agencies from countries identified as national security threats.

In December 2023, the ASDA was officially passed into law as part of the National Defense Authorization Act.

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Other Corporate Information

Environmental Considerations

While the operations of many businesses have some form of negative impact on the environment, drones have a unique ability to provide a positive contribution. Many of these relate to a drone’s ability to reach places in a more efficient manner, and include such activities as:

• Aerial mapping and nature monitoring

• Maintenance of renewable energy sources and infrastructure

• Disaster relief monitoring

• Agriculture sustainability

• Wildlife conservation

Intellectual Property

The Company has consolidated its intellectual property (“IP”) into a subsidiary, UAVPatent Corp. The subsidiary holds 22 issued patents and registered designs and 8 pending patents and registered designs. The IP portfolio includes design and utility patents ranging from modular architectures to autonomous capabilities. None of the patents are currently licensed and IP is generated in the general course of engineering design.

UAVPatent Corp also has the trademarks on the Teal, Skypersonic, and Red Cat brands and logos.

Employees

As of June 30, 2024, the Company had 89 full-time employees.

Research and Development

During the years ended April 30, 2024 and 2023, we incurred research and development costs of $5,500,932 and $4,902,334, respectively, excluding $395,105 and $692,947 of stock-based compensation, respectively. 

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Item 1A. RISK FACTORS

Risk Factor Summary

Risks Related to our Financial Results and Condition

• We have incurred net losses since inception.

• We may need additional capital to fund our expanding operations until we reach profitability, and if we are not able to obtain sufficient capital, we may be forced to limit or curtail our operations.

• Lack of long-term purchase orders and commitments from customers may lead to a rapid decline in sales.

• Our products require a continuing investment in research and development, and may experience technical problems or delays, which could lead the business to fail.

• The nature of our business involves significant risks and uncertainties that may not be covered by insurance or indemnity.

• Product quality issues and a higher-than-expected number of warranty claims or returns could harm our business and operating results.

• Our products may experience declining unit prices and we may not be able to offset that decline with production cost decreases or higher unit sales.

• Our operating results may be adversely impacted by worldwide political, economic and public health uncertainties and specific conditions in the markets we address.

• Acquisitions could divert the attention of key personnel, be difficult to integrate, dilute our existing shareholders and adversely impact our financial results.

• Our failure to effectively manage growth could harm our business.

• Our products are subject to lengthy development cycles.

• We expect to incur substantial research and development costs related to identifying and commercializing new products and services which may never result in revenues.

Risks Related to our Operations

• Our operations may be adversely affected if we lose our rights under third-party technology licenses.

• If our customers are not satisfied with our technical support, firmware or software updates, they may choose not to purchase our products which would adversely impact business and operating results.

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• Our use of open-source software could negatively affect our ability to sell our products and could subject us to possible litigation.

• We must recruit and retain highly trained and experienced employees, especially engineers, in order to succeed in our business.

• Our facilities and information systems and those of our key suppliers could be damaged as a result of disasters or unpredictable events which could have an adverse effect on our business operations.

• We rely on third-party suppliers, some of which are sole-source suppliers, to provide components for our products which may lead to supply shortages, long lead times for components, and supply changes, any of which could disrupt our supply chain, increase our costs, and adversely impact our operating results.

• Several steps of our manufacturing processes are dependent upon certain critical machines and tools which could result in delivery interruptions and foregone revenues.

• We depend on third parties to provide integrated circuit chip sets and other critical components for use in our products.

Risks Related to our Industry

• We operate in an emerging and rapidly growing industry which makes it difficult to evaluate our current business and prospects.

• We face competition from larger companies that have substantially greater resources which challenges our ability to establish market share, grow our business segments, and reach profitability.

• We may not be able to keep pace with technological advances in the drone industry.

• Cybersecurity risks could adversely affect our business and disrupt our operations.

Risks Related to Our Enterprise Segment

• U.S. government contracts are generally not fully funded at inception and may include provisions that are not favorable to us which could adversely impact our cash flows and results of operations.

• A decline in U.S. government budgets, changes in spending priorities, or delays in contract awards could adversely affect the revenues of our Teal subsidiary.

• Our work for the U.S. government could expose us to security risks.

• We are subject to extensive government regulation and our failure to comply with these regulations could subject us to penalties that may adversely impact our ability to operate our business.

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Risks Related to Our Common Stock

• Our management has voting control of the Company.

• Our failure to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting could have an adverse impact on the Company.

• We have never paid dividends and we do not expect to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.

• The listing of our securities on Nasdaq subject us to additional regulations and compliance requirements.

• Our Board of Directors may authorize and issue shares of new classes of stock that could adversely affect current holders of our common stock.

• Our shares will be subordinate to all of our debts and liabilities which increases the risk that investors could lose their entire investment.

• The market price of our shares of common stock is subject to fluctuation.

• Future capital raises may dilute our existing stockholders’ ownership and adversely impact the fair value of their investment.

Risks Related to Regulatory Matters

• The drone industry is subject to various laws and government regulations which could complicate and delay our ability to introduce products, maintain compliance, and avoid violations which could negatively impact our financial condition and results of operations.

• Our business and products are subject to government regulation, and we may incur additional compliance costs or be forced to suspend or cease operations if we fail to comply.

• Our results of operations may suffer if we are not able to successfully manage our exposure to foreign exchange rate risks.

• Our international operations, including the use of foreign contract manufacturers, subjects us to international operational, financial, legal, political and public health risks which could harm our operating results.

• We could be adversely affected by violations of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act or similar anti-bribery laws in other jurisdictions in which we operate.

• We are subject to governmental export and import controls, and economic sanctions laws that could subject us to liability and impair our ability to compete in international markets.

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• Changes in trade policy in the United States and other countries may have adverse impacts on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

• We may collect, store, process and use the personal information of our customers which subjects us to governmental regulation related to privacy, information security and data protection. Any cybersecurity breaches or our failure to comply with such legal obligations by us, or by our third-party service providers or partners, could harm our business.

Risks Related to Intellectual Property

• Our products could infringe on the intellectual property rights of others.

• Our intellectual property rights and proprietary rights may not adequately protect our products.

Risks Related to our Financial Results and Condition

We have incurred net losses since inception. 

We have never been profitable and reported an accumulated deficit of approximately $81,100,000 at April 30, 2024. These losses have had an adverse effect on our financial condition, stockholders’ equity and working capital. We will need to generate higher revenues, improve profit margins, and control operating costs in order to attain profitability. We can provide no assurances that we will be able to reach profitability.

We may need additional capital to fund our expanding operations until we reach profitability, and if we are not able to obtain sufficient capital, we may be forced to limit or curtail our operations.

If additional equity and/or debt financing is not available, then we may not be able to continue to develop our business activities, and we will have to modify our business plan. These factors could have a material adverse effect on our future operating results and our financial condition. If we are unable to raise additional funds, we could be forced to cease our business activities and dissolve. In such an event, we may incur additional financial obligations, including the accelerated maturity of debt obligations, lease termination fees, employee severance payments, and other creditor and dissolution-related obligations.

Our ability to raise financing through sales of equity and/or debt securities depends on general market conditions and the demand for our common stock and/or debt securities. We may be unable to raise adequate capital through sales of equity and/or debt securities, and if our stock has a low market price at the time of such sales, our existing stockholders could experience substantial dilution. If adequate financing is not available or unavailable on acceptable terms, we may find we are unable to fund expansion, continue offering products and services, take advantage of acquisition opportunities, develop or enhance services or products, or to respond to competitive pressures in the industry which may jeopardize our ability to continue operations.

Lack of long-term purchase orders and commitments from customers may lead to a rapid decline in sales.

Our customers issue purchase orders solely at their own discretion. Customers are generally able to cancel orders (without penalty) or delay the delivery of products on relatively short notice. In addition, current customers may decide not to purchase products for any reason. If our customers do not continue to purchase our products, then our sales volume could decline rapidly with little or no warning.

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We cannot rely on long-term purchase orders or commitments to protect us from the negative financial effects of a decline in demand for our products. The uncertainty of product orders makes it difficult to forecast sales and allocate resources in a manner consistent with actual sales. Moreover, expense levels and the amounts invested in capital equipment and new product development costs are based in part on expectations of future sales and, if expectations regarding future sales are inaccurate, we may be unable to reduce costs in a timely manner to adjust for sales shortfalls. As a result of lack of long-term purchase orders and purchase commitments, we may experience a rapid decline in sales.

Our products require a continuing investment in research and development, and may experience technical problems or delays, which could lead the business to fail.

Our research and development efforts remain subject to all the risks associated with the development of new products based on emerging and innovative technologies. This includes, for example, unexpected technical problems or the possible insufficiency of funds for completing development of these products. If technical problems or delays arise, further improvements in products and the introduction of future products could be adversely impacted, and we could incur significant additional expenses, an inability to increase revenues and increasing operating losses.

The nature of our business involves significant risks and uncertainties that may not be covered by insurance or indemnity.

We develop and sell products where insurance or indemnification may not be available, including (i) those using advanced and unproven technologies and drones, and (ii) those that collect, distribute and analyze various types of information.

Failure of certain of our products could result in loss of life or property damage. Certain products may raise questions with respect to issues of civil liberties, intellectual property, trespass, conversion and similar concepts. Indemnification to cover potential claims or liabilities resulting from a failure of technologies developed or deployed may be available in certain circumstances but not in others. We do not and are not able to maintain insurance to protect against our risks and uncertainties. Substantial claims resulting from an accident, failure of our product, or liability arising from our products in excess of any indemnity or insurance coverage (or for which indemnity or insurance is not available or was not obtained) could harm our financial condition, cash flows, and operating results. Any accident, even if fully covered or insured, could negatively affect our reputation among our customers and the public, and make it more difficult for us to compete effectively.

Product quality issues and a higher-than-expected number of warranty claims or returns could harm our business and operating results.

The products that we sell could contain defects in design or manufacture. Defects could also occur in the products or components that are supplied to us. There can be no assurance we will be able to detect and remedy all defects in the hardware and software we sell which could result in product recalls, product redesign efforts, loss of revenue, reputational damage and significant warranty and other remediation expenses. If we determine that a product does not meet product quality standards or may contain a defect, the launch of such product could be delayed until we remedy the quality issue or defect. The costs associated with any protracted delay necessary to remedy a quality issue or defect in a new product could be substantial.

We generally provide a one-year warranty on all of our products. The occurrence of any material defects in our products could expose us to liability for damages and warranty claims in excess of our current reserves, and we could incur significant costs to correct any defects, warranty claims or other problems. In addition, if any of our product designs are defective or are alleged to be defective, we may be required to participate in a recall campaign. In part due to the terms of our warranty policy, any failure rate of our products that exceeds our expectations may result in unanticipated losses. Any negative publicity related to the perceived quality of our products could affect our brand image and decrease retailer, distributor and consumer confidence and demand, which could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition. Further, accidental damage coverage and extended warranties are regulated in the United States at the state level and are treated differently within each state. Additionally, outside of the United States, regulations for extended warranties and accidental damage vary from country to country. Changes in interpretation of the regulations concerning extended warranties and accidental damage coverage on a federal, state, local or international level may cause us to incur costs or have additional regulatory requirements to meet in the future in order to continue to offer our support services. Our failure to comply with past, present and future similar laws could result in reduced sales of our products, reputational damage, penalties and other sanctions, which could harm our business and financial condition.

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Our products may experience declining unit prices and we may not be able to offset that decline with production cost decreases or higher unit sales.

Prices of established enterprise electronics, displays, personal computers, and mobile products tend to decline significantly over time or as new enhanced versions are introduced, frequently every 12 to 24 months in the markets in which we compete. In order to maintain adequate product profit margins over the long term, we believe that we will need to continuously develop product enhancements and new technologies that will either slow price declines of our products or reduce the cost of producing and delivering our products. While we anticipate opportunities to reduce production costs over time, we may not be able to reduce our component costs. We expect to attempt to offset the anticipated decrease in our average selling price by introducing new products, increasing our sales volumes, or adjusting our product mix. If we fail to do so, our results of operations will be materially and adversely affected.

Our operating results may be adversely impacted by worldwide political, economic and public health uncertainties and specific conditions in the markets we address.

A deterioration in global economic, financial, and/or public health conditions, including global pandemics, economic recessions and political turmoil could materially adversely affect (i) our ability to raise, or the terms of needed capital; (ii) demand for our current and future products; and (iii) the supply of components for our products. We cannot predict the timing, strength, or duration of any economic slowdown or subsequent economic recovery, worldwide, or in the drone industry.

Acquisitions could divert the attention of key personnel, be difficult to integrate, dilute our existing shareholders and adversely impact our financial results.

Since January 2020, we have completed four acquisitions which have significantly increased the scope of our operations and our employee headcount. Acquisitions include a wide range of risks, any of which could hurt our business, including the following:

• difficulties in integrating the operations of a newly acquired company including existing products and contracts, differences in corporate culture, operating systems and other integration issues;

• challenges supporting and transitioning the customers of acquired companies and the loss of any acquired customers will adversely impact our revenues and operating results;

• assumption of known and unknown operating problems and our potential inability to address them in a timely and efficient manner;

• risks of entering new geographic markets where we have no prior experience and are required to gain an understanding of the legal, regulatory, labor and business laws of these new markets;

In addition, there are many financial risks associated with the cost of acquisitions. If we finance the cost of an acquisition using common stock, then our existing shareholders will be diluted and our stock price could decrease. If we finance the cost of an acquisition using debt, such financing could include restrictive covenants that restrict our operating and financial flexibility. If the stock market perceives that we overpaid for the acquisition, then our stock price could decrease.

Our failure to effectively manage growth could harm our business.

We intend to expand the number and types of products we sell. We will need to replace and regularly introduce on a timely basis new products and technologies, enhance existing products, and effectively stimulate customer demand for new products and upgraded or enhanced versions of our existing products.

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The replacement and expansion of our products places a significant strain on our management, operations and engineering resources. Specifically, the areas that are strained most by these activities include the following:

• New Product Launches: With the changes in and growth of our product portfolio, we will experience increased complexity in coordinating product development, manufacturing, and shipping. As this complexity increases, it places a strain on our ability to accurately coordinate the commercial launch of our products with adequate supply to meet anticipated customer demand and effectively market to stimulate demand and market acceptance. We have experienced delays in the past. If we are unable to scale and improve our product launch coordination, we could frustrate our customers and lose possible retail shelf space and product sales;

• Existing Products Impacted by New Introductions: The introduction of new products or product enhancements may shorten the life cycle of our existing products, or replace sales of some of our current products, thereby offsetting the benefit of a successful product introduction and may cause customers to defer purchasing our existing products in anticipation of the new products. These occurrences could potentially lead to challenges in managing inventory of existing products. We may also provide price protection to some of our retailers as a result of new product introductions and reduce the prices of existing products. If we fail to effectively manage new product introductions, our revenue and profitability may be harmed; and

• Forecasting, Planning and Supply Chain Logistics: With the changes in and growth of our product portfolio, we will experience increased complexity in forecasting customer demand, in planning for production, and in transportation and logistics management. If we are unable to scale and improve our forecasting, planning, production, and logistics management, we could frustrate our customers, lose product sales or accumulate excess inventory.

Our products are subject to lengthy development cycles.

Our products are subject to lengthy product development cycles. The time elapsed between initial sampling of our products, the custom design of our products to meet specific product requirements, and the ultimate incorporation of our products into salable products is significant, often with a duration of more than one year. If our products fail to meet our customers’ cost, performance, or technical requirements or if unexpected technical challenges arise in the integration of our products into enterprise markets, then our operating results could be significantly and adversely affected. Long delays in achieving customer qualification and incorporation of our products also could adversely affect our business. Many head-mounted display companies are introducing digital head-mounted displays which could create shortages of components and provide an opportunity for companies with significantly greater resources than us to accelerate migration to digital products in a manner or timeline which we cannot meet, which could cause us to lose market share and harm our business and prospects. These same risks exist in our Enterprise sector where our competitors include some of the largest defense companies in the world.

We expect to incur substantial research and development costs related to identifying and commercializing new products and services which may never result in revenues.

Our future growth depends on expanding into new markets, adapting existing products to new applications, and introducing new products and services that achieve market acceptance. We plan to incur substantial research and development costs as part of these efforts. We spent $5,896,037 million, or 33% of our revenue, in our fiscal year ended April 30, 2024, on internal research and development activities. We believe that there are significant investment opportunities in a number of business areas. Because we account for internal research and development as an operating expense, these expenditures will adversely affect our earnings in the future. Further, our research and development programs may not produce successful results, and our new products and services may not achieve market acceptance, generate revenue or cash flow, which could adversely impact our financial results and liquidity.

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Risks Related to our Operations

Our operations may be adversely affected if we lose our rights under third-party technology licenses.

Our business relies on technology rights and software licensed from third parties. We could lose our exclusivity or other rights to use the technology if we fail to comply with the terms and performance requirements of the licenses. In addition, certain licensors may terminate a license upon our breach and have the right to consent to sublicense arrangements. If we were to lose our rights under any of these licenses, or if we were unable to obtain required consents to future sublicenses, we could lose a competitive advantage in the market, and may even lose the ability to commercialize certain products or technologies.

If our customers are not satisfied with our technical support, firmware or software updates, they may choose not to purchase our products which would adversely impact business and operating results.

Our business relies on our customers’ satisfaction with the technical support, firmware, software and security updates we provide to support our products. If we fail to provide technical support services and necessary updates that are (i) responsive, (ii) satisfy our customers’ expectations and (iii) resolve issues that they encounter with our products, then customers may choose not to purchase additional products and we may face brand and reputational harm which could adversely affect our operating results.

Our use of open-source software could negatively affect our ability to sell our products and could subject us to possible litigation.

We incorporate open-source software into our products. Open-source software is generally licensed by its authors or other third parties under open-source licenses. Some of these licenses contain requirements that we make available source code for modifications or derivative works we create based upon the open-source software, and that we license such modifications or derivative works under the terms of a particular open-source license or other license granting third parties certain rights of further use. Additionally, if a third-party software provider has incorporated open-source software into software that we license from such provider, we could be required to disclose any of our source code that incorporates or is a modification of our licensed software. If an author or other third-party that distributes open-source software that we use or license were to allege that we had not complied with the conditions of the applicable license, we could incur significant legal expenses defending against those allegations and could be subject to significant damages, enjoined from offering or selling our products that contained the open-source software and be required to comply with the foregoing conditions. Any of the foregoing could disrupt and harm our business and financial condition. 

We must recruit and retain highly trained and experienced employees, especially engineers, in order to succeed in our business.

We will need to hire and retain highly skilled technical personnel as employees and as independent contractors in order to develop our products and grow our business. The competition for highly skilled technical, managerial, and other personnel can be intense. Our recruiting and retention success is substantially dependent upon our ability to offer competitive salaries and benefits to our employees. We must compete with companies that possess greater financial and other resources than we do and that may be more attractive to potential employees and contractors. To be competitive, we may have to increase the compensation, bonuses, stock options and other fringe benefits we offer to employees in order to attract and retain such personnel. The costs of retaining or attracting new personnel may have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. If we fail to attract and retain the technical and managerial personnel required to be successful, our business, operating results and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

Our facilities and information systems and those of our key suppliers could be damaged as a result of disasters or unpredictable events which could have an adverse effect on our business operations.

Our manufacturing facility is located in Salt Lake City, Utah. We also rely on third-party manufacturing plants in the US, Asia and other parts of the world to provide key components for our products and services. If major disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes, tropical storms pandemics, fires, floods, wars, terrorist attacks, computer viruses, transportation disasters or other events occur in any of these locations, or the effect of climate change on any of these factors or our locations, or our information systems or communications network or those of any of our key component suppliers breaks down or operates improperly as a result of such events, our facilities or those of our key suppliers may be seriously damaged, and we may have to stop or delay production and shipment of our products. We may also incur expenses relating to such damages. If production or shipment of our products or components is stopped or delayed or if we incur any increased expenses as a result of damage to our facilities, our business, operating results and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

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We rely on third-party suppliers, some of which are sole-source suppliers, to provide components for our products which may lead to supply shortages, long lead times for components, and supply changes, any of which could disrupt our supply chain, increase our costs, and adversely impact our operating results

Our ability to meet customer demand depends on our ability to obtain timely and adequate delivery of components for our products. All of the components that go into our products are sourced from third-party suppliers. Some of the key components used to manufacture our products come from a limited or single source of supply or by a supplier that could potentially become a competitor. Our contract manufacturers generally purchase these components on our behalf from approved suppliers. We are subject to the risk of shortages and long lead times in the supply of these components and the risk that our suppliers discontinue or modify components used in our products. In addition, the lead times associated with certain components are lengthy and preclude rapid changes in quantities and delivery schedules. We have experienced component shortages and the availability of these components may be unpredictable in the future.

If we lose access to or experience a significant disruption in the supply of products and components from a supplier, we may be unable to locate alternative suppliers of comparable quality at an acceptable price, or at all, and our business could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, if we experience a significant increase in demand for our products, our suppliers might not have the capacity or elect not to meet our needs as they allocate components to other customers. Developing suitable alternate sources of supply for these components may be time-consuming, difficult and costly, and we may not be able to source these components on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all, which may adversely affect our ability to fulfill our orders in a timely or cost-effective manner. Identifying a suitable supplier is an involved process that requires us to become satisfied with the supplier’s quality control, responsiveness and service, financial stability, labor and other ethical practices. If we seek to source materials from new suppliers, there can be no assurance that we could do so in a manner that does not disrupt the manufacture and sale of our products.

Our reliance on single source, or a small number of suppliers involves a number of additional risks, including risks related to supplier capacity constraints, price increases, timely delivery, component quality, failure of a key supplier to remain in business and adjust to market conditions, as well as natural disasters, fire, acts of terrorism or other catastrophic events, including global pandemics.

Several steps of our manufacturing processes are dependent upon certain critical machines and tools which could result in delivery interruptions and foregone revenues.

We currently have little equipment redundancy in manufacturing locales. If we experience any significant disruption in manufacturing or a serious failure of a critical piece of equipment, we may be unable to supply products to our customers in a timely manner. Interruptions in our manufacturing could be caused by equipment problems, the introduction of new equipment into the manufacturing process or delays in the delivery of new manufacturing equipment. Lead-time for delivery, installation, testing, repair and maintenance of manufacturing equipment can be extensive. We have experienced production interruptions in the past and no assurance can be given that we will not lose potential sales or be able to meet production orders due to future production interruptions in our manufacturing lines.

We depend on third parties to provide integrated circuit chip sets and other critical components for use in our products.

We do not manufacture the integrated circuit chip sets, optics, micro-displays, backlights, projection engines, printed circuit boards or other electronic components which are used in our products. Instead, we purchase them from third-party suppliers or rely on third-party independent contractors for these integrated circuit chip sets and other critical components, some of which are customized, or custom made for us. We also may use third parties to assemble all or portions of our products. Some of these third-party contractors and suppliers are small companies with limited financial resources. If any of these third-party contractors or suppliers were unable or unwilling to supply these components, our sales and operating results would be adversely impacted. As the availability of components decreases, the cost of acquiring those components ordinarily increases. High growth product categories have experienced chronic shortages of components during periods of exceptionally high demand. If we do not properly anticipate the need for or procure critical components, we may pay higher prices for those components, our gross profits may decrease and we may be unable to meet the demands of our customers and end-users which could reduce our competitiveness, cause a decline in our market share and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

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Risks Related to our Industry

We operate in an emerging and rapidly growing industry which makes it difficult to evaluate our current business and prospects.

The drone industry is relatively new and is growing rapidly. As a result, it is difficult to evaluate our business and prospects. We cannot accurately predict whether, and even when, demand for our products will increase, if at all. The risks, uncertainties and challenges encountered by companies operating in emerging and rapidly growing industries include:

• Generating sufficient revenue to cover operating costs and sustain operations;

• Acquiring and maintaining market share;

• Attracting and retaining qualified personnel, especially engineers with the requisite technical skills;

• Successfully developing and commercially marketing new products:

• Accessing the capital markets to raise additional capital, on reasonable terms, if and when required to sustain operations or to grow the business.

We face competition from larger companies that have substantially greater resources which challenges our ability to establish market share, grow our business segments, and reach profitability.

The drone industry is attracting a wide range of significantly larger companies which have substantially greater financial, management, research and marketing resources than us. Competitors in the Enterprise segment include transportation companies like United Parcel Service, Federal Express and Amazon, as well as defense companies such as Lockheed Martin Corporation, Northrop Grumman Corporation, and AeroVironment. Our competitors may be able to provide customers with different or greater capabilities than we can provide, including technical qualifications, pricing, and key technical support. Many of our competitors may utilize their greater resources to (i) develop competing products and technologies, (ii) leverage their financial strength to utilize economies of scale and offer lower pricing, and (iii) hire more qualified personnel by offering more generous compensation packages. In order to secure orders and contracts, we may have to offer comparable products and services at lower pricing which could adversely affect our operating margins. Our inability to compete effectively against these larger companies could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results. 

We may not be able to keep pace with technological advances in the drone industry.

The drone industry continues to undergo significant changes, primarily related to technological developments. The rapid growth of technology makes it impossible to predict the overall effect these factors could have on the drone industry. If we are not able to keep pace with these technological advances, then our revenues, profitability and results from operations may be materially adversely affected.

Cybersecurity risks could adversely affect our business and disrupt our operations.

The threats to network and data security are increasingly diverse and sophisticated. Despite our efforts and processes to prevent breaches, our devices, as well as our servers, computer systems, and those of third parties that we use in our operations are vulnerable to cybersecurity risks. These risks include cyber-attacks such as viruses and worms, phishing attacks, denial-of-service attacks, physical or electronic break-ins, employee theft or misuse, and similar disruptions from unauthorized tampering with our servers and computer systems or those of third parties that we use in our operations. The occurrence of any of these events could lead to interruptions, delays, loss of critical data, unauthorized access to user data, and loss of consumer confidence. In addition, we may be the target of email scams that attempt to acquire personal information or company assets. Despite our efforts to create security barriers to such threats, we may not be able to entirely mitigate these risks. Any cyber-attack that attempts to obtain our data and assets, disrupt our service, or otherwise access our systems, or those of third parties we use, if successful, could adversely affect our business, operating results, and financial condition. A cyber attack would be expensive to remedy and could damage our reputation. In addition, any such breaches may result in negative publicity, adversely affect our brand, decrease demand for our products and services, and adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

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Risks Related to Our Enterprise Segment

U.S. government contracts are generally not fully funded at inception and may include provisions that are not favorable to us which could adversely impact our cash flows and results of operations.

US government contracts often have long lead times for design and development and can be subject to significant changes in delivery timelines. Congress normally appropriates funds on its fiscal year basis, and it may not fully fund a program in the same fiscal year. Depending upon the results of political elections, the actions of Congress can change from one fiscal year to the next. As a result, we may be required to expend funds to fulfill existing orders, but subsequently have the delivery timeline extended or the order cancelled. Such results would have an adverse impact on our financial position and results of operations.

A decline in U.S. government budgets, changes in spending priorities, or delays in contract awards could adversely affect the revenues of our Teal subsidiary.

We presently expect that much of our future revenue growth will be generated by our wholly owned subsidiary, Teal Drones, and that their primary customer is likely to be the U.S. government and its agencies. As a result, our business may be adversely impacted due to changes in the political environment, including those related to changes in the leadership of the current and or future administrations. We cannot provide assurance that the current levels of congressional funding, for defense in general, and for drones specifically, will continue at their current levels or decrease in the future. If annual budget appropriations are not enacted on a timely basis, we could encounter government shutdowns which could adversely impact any existing programs including the timely payment of prior shipments, as well as the receipt of future orders.

Our work for the U.S. government could expose us to security risks.

We expect that an increasing percentage of our revenues will come from the U.S. government and its agencies. This may expose us to numerous security threats, including cyber security attacks on our information technology infrastructure as well as threats to the physical safety of our facilities and our employees. We utilize numerous controls and procedures to monitor and prevent these threats, however, we can provide no assurance that they will be effective. Any improper use of our data, information technology systems or facilities could adversely impact our operations and operating results.

We are subject to extensive government regulation and our failure to comply with these regulations could subject us to penalties that may adversely impact our ability to operate our business.

As a vendor to the U.S. government and other state and local agencies, we are subject to and must comply with numerous government regulations which impact how we operate our business. These regulations could adversely affect our revenues, operating costs and profit margins. Some of the regulations to which we are subject, and the federal agencies which administer these regulations, include:

• Federal Aviation Administration, which regulates the use of airspace for all aircraft, including UAS such as drones

• The Truth in Negotiations Act, which requires certification and disclosure of all factual pricing and cost data in contract negotiations

• The Federal Acquisition Regulations, which govern the formation and administration, as well as the performance, under government contracts

• The False Statements Act and The False Claims Act which imposes penalties on payments made on the basis of facts provided to the government

• The Federal Communications Commission which regulates the wireless spectrum upon which drones depend for data transmission

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It is expensive and time consuming to comply with the regulations and requirements of these federal government agencies. The costs incurred to maintain compliance will adversely impact our operating costs and could delay our ability to operate profitably in the future, if at all.

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

Our management has voting control of the Company.

Jeffrey Thompson, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, owns approximately 17% of our common stock, and our current officers and directors currently own approximately 21% of our common stock. If they act together, they will be able to influence the outcome of all corporate actions requiring approval of our shareholders, including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions which may result in corporate actions that other stockholders do not agree with. This concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control and may adversely affect the market price of our common stock. 

Our failure to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting could have an adverse impact on the Company.

We are required to establish and maintain appropriate internal controls over financial reporting. Failure to establish and maintain those controls could adversely impact public disclosures regarding our business, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, management’s assessment of internal controls over financial reporting may identify weaknesses and conditions that need to be addressed which may raise concerns for investors. Any actual or perceived weaknesses and conditions that need to be addressed in our internal controls over financial reporting, disclosure of management’s assessment of our internal controls, or disclosure of our public accounting firm’s attestation to our internal controls over financial reporting may have an adverse impact on the price of our common stock.

We have never paid dividends and we do not expect to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.

We have reported net losses every year since inception. We intend to retain future earnings, if any, to finance the growth and development of our business. If we ever become profitable, we do not expect to pay cash dividends on shares of our common stock in the foreseeable future. The payment of future cash dividends, if any, depend upon, among other things, conditions then existing including earnings, financial condition and capital requirements, restrictions in financing agreements, business opportunities and other factors. As a result, capital appreciation, if any, of our common stock, will be the sole source of gain for investors for the foreseeable future. 

The listing of our securities on Nasdaq subjects us to additional regulations and compliance requirements.

We are required to maintain compliance with the continued listing standards of Nasdaq. These include certain financial and liquidity criteria to maintain such listing. If we fail to meet any of Nasdaq’s listing standards, our securities may be delisted. Nasdaq requires that the trading price of its listed stocks remain above one dollar for the stock to remain listed. If a listed stock trades below one dollar for more than 30 consecutive trading days, then it is subject to delisting from Nasdaq.

While our stock has been trading above $1 per share, the stock price may trade below $1 per share in the future. In addition, we must satisfy minimum financial and other continued listing requirements and standards, including those regarding director and committee independence requirements, minimum stockholders’ equity, and certain corporate governance requirements. If we are unable to satisfy these requirements or standards, we could be subject to delisting which would have a negative effect on the price of our common stock and would impair an investor’s ability to sell or purchase our common stock. In the event of a delisting, we would expect to take actions to restore our compliance with the listing requirements, but we can provide no assurance that any such action would allow our common stock to become listed again, stabilize the market price, improve the liquidity of our common stock, or prevent future non-compliance with the listing requirements. A delisting of our securities from Nasdaq may materially impair our stockholders’ ability to buy and sell our securities and could have an adverse effect on the market price of, and the efficiency of the trading market for, our securities.

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Our Board of Directors may authorize and issue shares of new classes of stock that could adversely affect current holders of our common stock.

Our Board of Directors has the power to authorize and issue shares of classes of stock, including preferred stock that have voting powers, designations, preferences, limitations and special rights, including preferred distribution rights, conversion rights, redemption rights and liquidation rights without further shareholder approval. These powers could adversely affect the rights of the holders of our common stock. In addition, our board could authorize the issuance of a series of preferred stock that has greater voting power than our common stock or that is convertible into our common stock, which could decrease the relative voting power of our common stock or result in dilution to our existing common stockholders.

Any of these actions could significantly adversely affect the investment made by holders of our common stock. In addition, holders of our common stock could receive less proceeds in connection with any future sale of the Company, in liquidation or on any other basis.

Our shares will be subordinate to all of our debts and liabilities which increases the risk that investors could lose their entire investment.

Our shares of common stock are equity interests that will be subordinate to all of our current and future indebtedness with respect to claims on our assets. In any liquidation, all of our debts and liabilities must be paid before any payment is made to our shareholders. 

The market price of our shares of common stock is subject to fluctuation.

The market prices of our shares may fluctuate significantly in response to a wide range of factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:

• The announcement and release of new products by our competitors

• Developments in our industry or target markets

• General market conditions including factors unrelated to our operating performance

• National or international economic or political events which result in a material effect on the stock market

The stock market has, from time to time, experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. Continued market fluctuations could result in extreme market volatility in the price of our shares of common stock which could cause a decline in the value of our shares.

Future capital raises may dilute our existing stockholders’ ownership and adversely impact the fair value of their investment.

If we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities, our existing stockholders’ percentage ownership may decrease, and these stockholders may experience substantial dilution. If we raise additional funds by issuing debt instruments, these debt instruments could impose significant restrictions on our operations including liens on our assets. If we raise additional funds through collaborations and licensing arrangements, we may be required to relinquish some rights to our technologies or products, or to grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us or could diminish the rights of our stockholders. Any of these developments could adversely impact our stock price.

Risks Related to Regulatory Matters

The drone industry is subject to various laws and government regulations which could complicate and delay our ability to introduce products, maintain compliance, and avoid violations which could negatively impact our financial condition and results of operations.

We operate in the drone industry which is a highly regulated environment in the US and international markets. Federal, state, and local governmental entities and foreign governments may regulate aspects of the industry, including the production or distribution of our products, software or services. These regulations may include accounting standards, taxation requirements, product safety, trade restrictions, environmental regulations, products directed toward children or hobbyists, and other administrative and regulatory restrictions. While we endeavor to take all the steps necessary to comply with these laws and regulations, there can be no assurance that we can maintain compliance on a continuing basis. Failure to comply could result in monetary liabilities and other sanctions which could increase our costs or decrease our revenue resulting in a negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Our business and products are subject to government regulation, and we may incur additional compliance costs or be forced to suspend or cease operations if we fail to comply.

We must comply with a wide variety of laws, regulations, standards and other requirements governing, among other things, electrical safety, wireless emissions, health and safety, e-commerce, consumer protection, export and import requirements, hazardous materials usage, product-related energy consumption, packaging, recycling and environmental matters. Compliance with these laws, regulations, standards, and other requirements may be onerous and expensive, and they may be inconsistent from jurisdiction to jurisdiction (including from country to country), further increasing the cost of compliance and doing business. Our products may require regulatory approvals or satisfaction of other regulatory concerns in the various jurisdictions in which they are manufactured, sold or both. These requirements create procurement and design challenges that require us to incur additional costs identifying suppliers and manufacturers who can obtain and produce compliant materials, parts and products. Failure to comply with such requirements can subject us to liability, additional costs, and reputational harm and, in extreme cases, force us to recall products or prevent us from selling our products in certain jurisdictions. If there is a new regulation, or change to an existing regulation that significantly increases our costs of manufacturing or causes us to significantly alter the way that we manufacture our products, this would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, while we have implemented policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance with applicable laws and regulations, there can be no assurance that our employees, contractors, and agents will not violate such laws and regulations or our policies and procedures.

Our products must comply with certain requirements of the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) regulating electromagnetic radiation in order to be sold in the United States and with comparable requirements of the regulatory authorities of the European Union (“EU”), Japan, China and other jurisdictions. Our first-person view products include wireless radios and receivers which require additional emission testing. We are also subject to various environmental laws and governmental regulations related to toxic, volatile, and other hazardous chemicals used in the third-party components incorporated into our products, including the Restriction of Certain Hazardous Substances Directive (the “RoHS Directive”) and the EU Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (the “WEEE Directive”), as well as the implementing legislation of the EU member states. This directive restricts the distribution of products within the EU that exceed very low maximum concentration amounts of certain substances, including lead. Similar laws and regulations have been passed or are pending in China, Japan, and numerous countries around the world and may be enacted in other regions, including in the United States. We are, or may in the future be, subject to these laws and regulations.

Our products may be subject to new domestic and international requirements. Compliance with regulations enacted in the future could substantially increase our cost of doing business or otherwise have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and our business. Failure to comply with regulations in the future could result in the imposition of fines or in the suspension or cessation of our operations or sales in the applicable jurisdictions. Any such failure to comply with regulations may also result in our not being permitted, or limit our ability, to ship our products which would adversely affect our revenue and ability to achieve or maintain profitability.

Although we encourage our contract manufacturers and major component suppliers to comply with the supply chain transparency requirements, such as the RoHS Directive, we cannot provide assurance that our manufacturers and suppliers consistently comply with these requirements. In addition, if there are changes to these or other laws or if new related laws are passed in other jurisdictions, we may be required to re-engineer our products to use components compatible with these regulations. This re-engineering and component substitution could result in additional costs or disrupt our operations or logistics.

The WEEE Directive requires electronic goods producers to be responsible for the collection, recycling and treatment of such products. Changes in interpretation of the directive may cause us to incur costs or have additional regulatory requirements to meet in the future in order to comply with this directive, or with any similar laws adopted in other jurisdictions. Our failure to comply with past, present, and future similar laws could result in reduced sales of our products, substantial product inventory write-offs, reputational damage, penalties and other sanctions which could harm our business and financial condition. We also expect that our products will be affected by new environmental laws and regulations on an ongoing basis. To date, our expenditures for environmental compliance have not had a material impact on our results of operations or cash flows. Although we cannot predict the future impact of such laws or regulations, they will likely result in additional costs and may require us to change the content of our products or how they are manufactured. These developments could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.

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Our results of operations may suffer if we are not able to successfully manage our exposure to foreign exchange rate risks.

A substantial majority of our sales and cost of components are denominated in U.S. dollars. As our business grows, more of our sales and production costs may be denominated in other currencies. Where such sales or production costs are denominated in other currencies, they are converted to U.S. dollars for the purpose of calculating any sales or costs to us. Our sales may decrease as a result of any appreciation of the U.S. dollar against these other currencies.

Most of our current expenditures are incurred in U.S. dollars and many of our components come from countries that currently base their currency against the U.S. dollar. If the exchange rates change adversely or are allowed to increase, then additional U.S. dollars will be required to fund our purchases of these components.

Although we do not currently enter into currency option contracts or engage in other hedging activities, we may do so in the future. There is no assurance that we will undertake any such hedging activities or that, if we do so, they will be successful in reducing the risks associated with our exposure to foreign currency fluctuations.

Our international operations, including the use of foreign contract manufacturers, subjects us to international operational, financial, legal, political and public health risks which could harm our operating results.

A substantial part of our operations, including manufacturing of certain components used in our products, are outside of the United States and many of our customers and suppliers have some or all of their operations in countries other than the United States. Risks associated with conducting business outside of the United States include:

• compliance burdens and costs associated with a wide variety of foreign laws and regulations, particularly labor and environmental, that govern our operations in those countries;

• legal uncertainties regarding foreign taxes, tariffs, border taxes, quotas, and export controls,

• export licenses, import controls and other trade barriers;

• economic instability and high levels of inflation in certain countries where our suppliers are located and

• customers, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region, causing delays or reductions in orders for their products and therefore our sales;

• political or public health instability, including global pandemics, in the countries in which our suppliers operate;

• changes or volatility in currency exchange rates;

• difficulties in collecting accounts receivable and longer accounts receivable payment cycles; and

• Any of these factors could harm our own, our suppliers’ and our customers’ international operations and businesses and impair our and/or their ability to continue expanding into international markets.

We could be adversely affected by violations of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act or similar anti-bribery laws in other jurisdictions in which we operate.

The global nature of our business creates various domestic and local regulatory challenges and subject us to risks associated with our international operations. We operate in areas of the world that experience corruption by government officials to some degree and, in certain circumstances, compliance with anti-bribery and anticorruption laws may conflict with local customs and practices. Our global operations require us to import from several countries which geographically expands our compliance obligations. In addition, changes in such laws could result in increased regulatory requirements and compliance costs which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. 

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The U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) and similar anti-bribery and anticorruption laws in other jurisdictions prohibit U.S.-based companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to non-U.S. officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business, directing business to another, or securing an advantage. In addition, U.S. public companies are required to maintain records that accurately and fairly represent their transactions and have an adequate system of internal accounting controls. Under the FCPA, U.S. companies may be held liable for the corrupt actions taken by directors, officers, employees, agents, or other strategic or local partners or representatives. As a result, if we or our intermediaries fail to comply with the requirements of the FCPA or similar legislation, governmental authorities in the United States and elsewhere could seek to impose substantial civil and/or criminal fines and penalties which could have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation, operating results and financial condition.

We are subject to governmental export and import controls, and economic sanctions laws that could subject us to liability and impair our ability to compete in international markets.

The U.S. and various foreign governments have imposed controls, export license requirements and restrictions on the import or export of some technologies. Our products are subject to U.S. export controls, including the Commerce Department’s Export Administration Regulations and various economic and trade sanction regulations established by the Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Controls. Exports of our products must be made in compliance with these laws. Furthermore, U.S. export control laws and economic sanctions prohibit the provision of products and services to countries, governments, and persons targeted by U.S. sanctions. Even though we take precautions to prevent our products from being provided to targets of U.S. sanctions, our products could be provided to those targets or provided by our customers despite such precautions. Any such provision could have negative consequences, including government investigations, penalties, and reputational harm. Our failure to obtain required import or export approval for our products could harm our international and domestic sales and adversely affect our revenue.

Changes in trade policy in the United States and other countries may have adverse impacts on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The U.S. government has indicated its intent to alter its approach to international trade policy through the renegotiation, and potential termination, of certain trade agreements and treaties with China, countries in EMEA and other countries. These changes could include the imposition of additional tariffs on a wide range of products. Policy changes in the United States or other countries, such as the tariffs already proposed, implemented, and threatened, present risks for us. Tariffs already announced and implemented are having an adverse effect on certain of our products, tariffs announced but not yet implemented may have an adverse effect on many of our products, and threatened tariffs could adversely affect more or all of our products. There are also risks associated with retaliatory tariffs and resulting trade wars. We cannot predict future trade policy, the terms of any renegotiated trade agreements or treaties, or tariffs and their impact on our business. A trade war could have a significant adverse effect on world trade and the world economy. To the extent that trade tariffs and other restrictions imposed by the United States or other countries increase the price of, or limit the amount of, our products or components or materials used in our products imported into the United States or other countries, or create adverse tax consequences, the sales, cost or gross profit of our products may be adversely affected and the demand from our customers for products and services may be diminished. Uncertainty surrounding international trade policy and disputes and protectionist measures could also have an adverse effect on consumer confidence and spending. If we deem it necessary to alter all or a portion of our activities or operations in response to such policies, agreements or tariffs, our capital and operating costs may increase. Our ongoing efforts to address these risks may not be effective and may have long-term adverse effects on our operations and operating results that we may not be able to reverse. Such efforts may also take time to implement or to have an effect, and may result in adverse quarterly financial results or fluctuations in our quarterly financial results. As a result, changes in international trade policy, changes in trade agreements and tariffs could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We may collect, store, process and use the personal information of our customers which subjects us to governmental regulation related to privacy, information security and data protection. Any cybersecurity breaches or our failure to comply with such legal obligations by us, or by our third-party service providers or partners, could harm our business.

We may collect, store, process and use the personally identifiable information of our customers and other data in our transactions with them. We also rely on third parties that are not directly under our control to do so as well. While we take reasonable measures to protect the security, integrity and confidentiality of the personal information and other sensitive information we collect, store or transmit, we cannot guarantee that inadvertent or unauthorized use or disclosure will not occur, or that third parties will not gain unauthorized access to this information. While our privacy policies currently prohibit such activities, our third-party service providers or partners may engage in such activity without our knowledge or consent. If we or our third- party service providers were to experience a breach, disruption or failure of systems compromising our customers’ data, or if one of our third-party service providers or partners were to access our customers’ personal data without our authorization, our brand and reputation could be adversely affected, use of our products could decrease, and we could be exposed to a risk of loss, litigation and regulatory proceedings. 

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Regulatory scrutiny of privacy, data collection, use of data and data protection is intensifying globally, and the personal information and other data we collect, store, process and use is increasingly subject to legislation and regulations in numerous jurisdictions around the world, especially in Europe. These laws often develop in ways we cannot predict and may materially increase our cost of doing business, particularly as we expand the nature and types of products we offer.

Data protection legislation is becoming increasingly common in the United States at both the federal and state level. For example, in 2020, the State of California implemented the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (the "CCPA"). The CCPA requires companies that process information on California residents to make new disclosures to consumers about their data collection, use and sharing practices, allows consumers to opt out of certain data sharing with third parties and provides a new cause of action for data breaches. Additionally, the Federal Trade Commission and many state attorneys general are interpreting federal and state consumer protection laws to impose standards for the online collection, use, dissemination and security of data. The burdens of compliance imposed by the CCPA (and other similar laws that may be enacted at the federal and state level) may require us to modify our data processing practices and policies and/or to incur substantial expenditures.

Risks Related to Intellectual Property

Our products could infringe on the intellectual property rights of others.

Companies in the electronics, wireless communications, semiconductor, IT, and display industries steadfastly pursue and protect intellectual property rights, often resulting in considerable and costly litigation to determine the validity of patents and claims by third parties of infringement of patents or other intellectual property rights. Our products could be found to infringe on the intellectual property rights of others. Other companies may hold or obtain patents or inventions or other proprietary rights in technology necessary for our business. Periodically, other companies inquire about our products and technology in their attempts to assess whether we violate their intellectual property rights. If we are forced to defend against infringement claims, we may face costly litigation, diversion of technical and management personnel, and product shipment delays, even if the allegations of infringement are unwarranted. If there is a successful claim of infringement against us and we are unable to develop non-infringing technology or license the infringed or similar technology on a timely basis, or if we are required to cease using one or more of our business or product names due to a successful trademark infringement claim against us, it could adversely affect our business.

Our intellectual property rights and proprietary rights may not adequately protect our products.

Our commercial success will depend substantially on the ability to obtain patents and other intellectual property rights and maintain adequate legal protection for products in the United States and other countries. We will be able to protect our intellectual property from unauthorized use by third parties only to the extent that these assets are covered by valid and enforceable patents, trademarks, copyrights or other intellectual property rights, or are effectively maintained as trade secrets. As of the date of this filing, we own 36 granted United States and foreign patents and 16 pending United States and foreign patent applications. The U.S. patents and patent applications include claims to, among other things, a drone, a printed circuit board, and head-mounted display technology. We apply for patents covering our products, services, technologies, and designs as we deem appropriate. We may fail to apply for patents on important products, services, technologies or designs in a timely fashion, or at all. We do not know whether any of our patent applications will result in the issuance of any patents. Even if patents are issued, they may not be sufficient to protect our products, services, technologies, or designs. Our existing and future patents may not be sufficiently broad to prevent others from developing competing products, services technologies, or designs. Intellectual property protection and patent rights outside of the United States are even less predictable. As a result, the validity and enforceability of patents cannot be predicted with certainty. Moreover, we cannot be certain whether:

• we were the first to conceive, reduce to practice, invent, or file the inventions covered by each of our issued patents and pending patent applications;

• others will independently develop similar or alternative products, technologies, services or designs or duplicate any of our products, technologies, services or designs;

• any patents issued to us will provide us with any competitive advantages, or will be challenged by third parties;

• we will develop additional proprietary products, services, technologies or designs that are patentable; or

• the patents of others will have an adverse effect on our business.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

Not applicable.

ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY

We recognize the importance of assessing, identifying, and managing material risks associated with cybersecurity threats, as such term is defined in Item 106(a) of Regulation S-K. These risks include, among other things: operational risks, intellectual property theft, fraud, extortion, harm to employees or customers and violation of data privacy or security laws. To mitigate the threat to our business, we take a comprehensive approach to cybersecurity risk management. The Company’s Board of Directors as well as its Chief Technology Officer, Chief Information Security Officer, and Chief Financial Officer are actively involved in the oversight of our risk management program, of which cybersecurity represents an important component. We have established policies, standards, processes, and practices for assessing, identifying, managing and mitigating material risks from cybersecurity threats.

Risk Assessment and Management

We rely on a multidisciplinary team, including our information security function, management, and third-party service providers to identify, assess, remediate and manage cybersecurity threats and risks. We identify and assess risks from cybersecurity threats by monitoring and evaluating our threat environment and our risk profile using various methods including, for example, manual and automated tools, subscribing to reports and services that identify cybersecurity threats, analyzing reports of threats and threat actors, conducting scans of the threat environment, utilizing internal and external audits, and conducting threat and vulnerability assessments.

At least annually, we review our security controls and address information security vulnerabilities, conduct security testing, and assess our external sources for their security risk (e.g., security incidents, data security, security controls, third parties, etc.). The results of the assessment are used to drive alignment and prioritization of initiatives to enhance our security posture, improve security processes, and to manage a broader enterprise-level risk program that is presented to the Board of Directors, the Audit Committee, and members of management.

The Company maintains various technical, physical, and organizational measures, processes, standards, and policies designed to manage and mitigate material risks from cybersecurity threats against our information systems and data. These include:

• incident detection and response

• vulnerability management

• disaster recovery plans

• internal controls within our accounting and financial reporting functions

• encryption of data

• network security controls

• access controls

• physical security

• asset management

• systems monitoring

• vendor risk management program

• employee training.

Notwithstanding the approach we take to cybersecurity, we may not be successful in preventing or mitigating a cybersecurity incident that could have a material adverse effect on the Company. Refer to Item 1A for a discussion of cybersecurity risks.

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Governance

Our Board of Directors is responsible for overseeing our enterprise risk management activities, and each of our Board committees assists the Board in the role of risk oversight. The full Board receives an update on the Company’s risk management process and the risk trends related to cybersecurity at least annually. The Audit Committee specifically assists the Board of Directors in its oversight of risks related to cybersecurity.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

We lease all properties where our business is operated. We believe that these properties are adequate for the purposes for which they are used. All leases are with unaffiliated third parties. We believe that the loss of any lease would not have a material adverse effect on our operations, as we believe that we could identify and lease comparable facilities upon approximately equivalent terms. The Company has the following operating leases for real estate locations where it operates:

Location	Monthly Rent		Expiration
South Salt Lake, Utah	$	22,667		December 2030
San Juan, Puerto Rico	$	5,647		June 2027
Grantsville, Utah	$	1,000		December 2026

The South Salt Lake, Utah facility has approximately 22,000 square feet and is used for our manufacturing. The San Juan, Puerto Rico facility has approximately 3,600 square feet and is used for administrative purposes. The Grantsville, Utah property is approximately one acre and is used for drone flight operations and testing.

These lease agreements have remaining terms up to 6.67 years, including options to extend certain leases for up to six years.

The weighted average remaining lease term as of April 30, 2024 was 6.16 years. The Company used a discount rate of 12% to calculate its lease liability at April 30, 2024. Future lease payment obligations at April 30, 2024 were as follows:

Fiscal Year Ended:
2025	$	366,853
2026		372,449
2027		372,880
2028		293,334
2029		280,080
Thereafter		443,460
Total	$	2,129,056

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS 

On September 29, 2022, we, and our wholly owned subsidiary Teal Drones, Inc., initiated a legal proceeding (the “Lawsuit”) against Autonodyne LLC (“Autonodyne”) and its principal equity owner Daniel Schwinn (“Schwinn”), in Delaware Chancery Court. The case is captioned as Red Cat Holdings, Inc., et al. v. Autonodyne LLC, et al., C.A. No. 2022-0878. The case arises from Autonodyne’s unilateral purported termination of a software licensing agreement entered between Teal Drones and Autonodyne in May 2022. Before the defendants answered, we filed a First Amended Complaint on December 5, 2022, which the defendants moved to dismiss. The court partially granted that motion, dismissing the claims asserted against Autonodyne, but not against Schwinn. For jurisdictional reasons, the case subsequently was transferred to Delaware Superior Court. The Lawsuit alleges a cause of action against Schwinn for Tortious Interference with Contractual Relations and Prospective Contractual Relations, concerning a Software Licensing Agreement between Teal Drones and Autonodyne. No discovery or other significant developments in the Lawsuit have occurred. 

On May 9, 2024, Autonodyne LLC filed a complaint against wholly-owned Red Cat subsidiary Teal Drones, Inc. in the Superior Court of the State of Delaware. The Complaint alleges a single cause of action, asserting that Teal breached a Software Licensing Agreement between it and Autonodyne (the “SLA”) by disclosing confidential information contained in the SLA. Autonodyne alleges that it rightfully terminated the SLA, and at that point it became entitled to $8.25 million of accelerated payments, pursuant to section 14.4(e) of the SLA. Teal Drones has answered the Complaint, but no discovery has been served yet. As any litigation is subject to many uncertainties, it is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome of this claim or to estimate the loss, if any, which may result. Accordingly, the outcome of the claim is not yet determinable, and the extent to which an outflow of funds may be required to settle this possible obligation cannot be reliably determined. The Company plans to vigorously assert defenses to the complaint.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market Information

Our common stock has been listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) since April 30, 2021 under the symbol “RCAT”.

The last reported sales price of our common stock on August 5, 2024 was $1.98.

Holders

As of August 5, 2024, there were 127 stockholders of record of our common stock.

Dividends

The Company has never paid dividends on its common stock and does not anticipate that it will pay dividends in the foreseeable future. It intends to use any future earnings for the expansion of its business. Any future determination of applicable dividends will be made at the discretion of the Board of Directors and will depend on the results of operations, financial condition, capital requirements and other factors deemed relevant.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

There were no sales of equity securities during the period covered by this Annual Report that were not registered under the Securities Act and were not previously reported in a Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or a Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company.

Purchase of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

We did not repurchase any securities in the fourth quarter of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report.

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ITEM 6. RESERVED

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes and other financial data included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition to our historical consolidated financial information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates, and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. For more information regarding forward-looking statements, please refer to the discussion above under the heading “Forward-Looking Statements.”

Recent Developments

Corporate developments during the two years ended April 30, 2024 include:

Capital Transactions

During the first quarter of fiscal 2022, the Company completed two firm commitment underwritten public offerings with ThinkEquity, a division of Fordham Financial Management. The first offering, in May 2021, generated gross and net proceeds of $16 and $14.6 million, respectively. The second offering, in July 2021, generated gross and net proceeds of $60 and $55.5 million, respectively.

On December 11, 2023, the Company completed a firm commitment underwritten public offering with ThinkEquity of 18,400,000 shares of common stock which generated gross and net proceeds of $9.2 and $8.4 million, respectively.

Plan of Operations

Since April 2016, the Company's primary business has been to provide products, services, and solutions to the drone industry which it presently does through its four wholly owned subsidiaries. Beginning in January 2020, the Company expanded the scope of its drone products and services through four acquisitions, including:

A. In January 2020, the Company acquired Rotor Riot, a provider of First Person View (FPV) drones and equipment, primarily to the consumer marketplace. The purchase price was $1,995,114.

B. In November 2020, the Company acquired Fat Shark Holdings, a provider of FPV video goggles to the drone industry. The purchase price was $8,354,076.

C. In May 2021, the Company acquired Skypersonic which provides hardware and software solutions that enable drones to complete inspection services in locations where GPS is not available, yet still record and transmit data even while being operated from thousands of miles away. The purchase price was $2,791,012.

D. In August 2021, the Company acquired Teal Drones, a leader in commercial and government UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) technology. The purchase price was $10,011,279.  

Following the Teal acquisition in August 2021, we concentrated on integrating and organizing these businesses. Effective May 1, 2022, we established the Enterprise segment and the Consumer segment to focus on the unique opportunities in each sector. The Enterprise segment’s initial strategy was to provide UAVs to commercial enterprises, and the military, to navigate dangerous military environments and confined industrial and commercial interior spaces. Subsequently, the segment narrowed its near-term attention on the military and other government agencies. Skypersonic's technology has been redirected to military applications and its operations consolidated into Teal.

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The Enterprise segment’s current business strategy is focused on providing integrated robotic hardware and software for use across a variety of applications. Its solutions provide critical situational awareness and actionable intelligence to on-the-ground warfighters and battlefield commanders as well as firefighters and public safety officials. Our Enterprise segment’s efforts are centered on developing and scaling an American made family of systems. We have since completed construction of a manufacturing facility in Salt Lake City and believe that an increased focus by the United States government and American businesses on purchasing products that are “Made in America” provide our Enterprise segment with a competitive advantage.

On February 16, 2024, we closed the sale of our Consumer segment, consisting of Rotor Riot and Fat Shark, to Unusual Machines. The sale reflects our decision to focus our efforts and capital on defense where we believe there are more opportunities to create long term shareholder value.

Results of Operations

The analysis of the Company's results of operations for the year ended April 30, 2024 ("Fiscal 2024") compared to the year ended April 30, 2023 ("Fiscal 2023") includes only the Company’s Enterprise segment as our Consumer segment was divested in February 2024. At the end of Fiscal 2023, the Company recognized an impairment loss of $2,826,918 related to Skypersonic goodwill which was written down to zero. In addition, its operations were consolidated into Teal. Skypersonic's operating results represented 0% and 2% of consolidated revenues and operating loss for Fiscal 2024. Based on its immateriality, Skypersonic is not included in the operating analysis set forth below.

Discussion and Analysis of Fiscal 2024 compared to Fiscal 2023

Revenues

Consolidated revenues totaled $17,836,382 during the year ended April 30, 2024 (or the "2024 period") compared to $4,620,834 during the year ended April 30, 2023 (or the "2023 period") representing an increase of $13,215,548, or 286%. The increase primarily related to higher product revenue related to the launch of the Teal 2 in April 2023. Product revenue totaled $13,588,372 during the year ended April 30, 2024 compared to $3,012,470 during the year ended April 30, 2023 representing an increase of $10,575,902, or 351%. The increase in revenue also partially related to increased contract revenues during the 2024 period. Contract revenues totaled $4,173,005 during the 2024 period compared to $1,312,427 during the 2023 period, representing an increase of $2,860,578, or 218%. Contract revenues are primarily sourced through government agencies and can fluctuate from period to period based on the timing of award deliverables and amendments.

Gross Profit

Consolidated gross profit totaled $3,680,546 during the 2024 period compared to negative $834,311 during the 2023 period representing an increase of $4,514,857, or 541%. On a percentage basis, gross profit was 21% during the 2024 period compared to negative 18% during the 2023 period. The percentage basis increase in gross profit in the 2024 period primarily related to obsolete inventory write-offs that occurred during the 2023 period. Additionally, lower manufacturing levels in the 2023 period resulted in higher relative overhead costs compared to the 2024 period. Our manufacturing facility is presently producing drones at a lower level than it is designed for, and these lower production levels, combined with higher overhead costs, continue to result in lower than targeted gross profits. As production levels increase, our fixed overhead costs, including labor, are expected to be allocated to a greater number of drones which is expected to drive our per-drone production costs lower and increase gross profits.

Operating Expenses

Research and development expenses totaled $5,896,037 during the 2024 period compared to $5,595,281 during the 2023 period, representing an increase of $300,756, or 5%. Supplies and materials expense totaled $2,017,979 in the 2024 period compared to $1,444,051 in the 2023 period. This increase of $573,928, or 40%, primarily related to increased efforts in developing new products and represented substantially all of the total increase in research and development costs.

Sales and marketing costs totaled $4,568,617 during the 2024 period compared to $3,731,776 during the 2023 period, representing an increase of $836,841 or 22%. The increase was driven by higher payroll expenses to support increased sales efforts of the Teal 2.

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General and administrative expenses totaled $10,679,105 during the 2024 period compared to $12,383,470 during the 2023 period, representing a decrease of $1,704,365 or 14%. The decrease primarily related to lower professional fees.

During the 2024 period, we incurred stock-based compensation costs of $3,609,267 compared to $3,656,724 in the 2023 period, resulting in a decrease of $47,457 or 1%.

Other Income

Other expense totaled $3,650,484 during the 2024 period compared to $1,004,887 during the 2023 period, representing a decrease of $2,645,597 or 263%. During the 2024 period, the divestiture of the Consumer segment resulted in a gain of $9,642,427, impairment of $11,353,875, and an equity method loss of $503,625. Additionally, during the 2024 period, the Company was awarded a manufacturing modernization grant from the State of Utah for $750,000 of which $675,000 is attributable to the 2024 period.

Net Loss from Continuing Operations

Net loss from continuing operations totaled $21,526,696 for the 2024 period compared to $26,376,643 for the 2023 period, resulting in a decrease of $4,849,947 or 18%. Total operating expenses totaled $21,556,758 for the 2024 period compared to $24,537,445 for the 2023 period. The decrease in operating expenses was offset by the increase in other expense. Higher gross profit is attributable to the decrease in net loss from continuing operations.

Results of Discontinued Operations

Net loss from discontinued operations totaled $2,525,933 for the 2024 period compared to $1,730,386 for the 2023 period, representing an increase of $795,547, or 46%. Net loss for Fat Shark totaled $1,365,707 for the 2024 period, compared to $543,962 for the 2023 period, representing an increase of $821,745 or 151%, and represents 103% of the total increase in net loss from discontinued operations. Fat Shark’s results were adversely impacted by a charge of $1,244,920 during the 2024 period related to the write-off of excess quantities of Dominator inventory based on sales volumes. Net loss for Rotor Riot totaled $1,160,226 for the 2024 period compared to $1,186,424 for the 2023 period, representing a decrease of $26,198 or 2%.

Cash Flows

Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $17,687,063 during the 2024 period compared to net cash used in operating activities of $24,313,674 during the 2023 period, representing a decrease of $6,626,611 or 27%. The decreased use of cash primarily related to timing of accounts receivable receipts for government customers. Net cash used in operations, net of non-cash expenses, totaled $8,512,449 during the 2024 period, compared to $7,784,364 during the 2023 period, resulting in an increase of $728,085, or 9%. Net cash used related to changes in operating assets and liabilities totaled $4,672,816 during the 2024 period, compared to $5,721,395 during the 2023 period, representing a decrease of $1,048,579 or 18%. Changes in operating assets and liabilities can fluctuate significantly from period to period depending upon the timing and level of multiple factors, including inventory purchases, vendor payments, and customer collections.

Investing Activities

Net cash provided by investing activities was $13,567,078 during the 2024 period compared to net cash provided by investing activities of $29,590,235 during the 2023 period, resulting in a decrease of $16,023,157 or 54%. Proceeds of $12,826,217 and $32,290,448 from the sale of marketable securities were used to fund operations during the 2024 period and the 2023 period, respectively.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities totaled $7,802,076 during the 2024 period compared to net cash used in financing activities of $1,215,325 during the 2023 period. Financing activities can vary from period to period depending upon market conditions, both at a macro-level and specific to the Company. During the fiscal 2024 period, the company received net proceeds from issuance of common stock of $8,395,600.

32

Liquidity and Capital Resources

At April 30, 2024, the Company reported current assets totaling $22,397,549, current liabilities totaling $3,651,130 and net working capital of $18,746,419. Cash totaled $6,067,169 at April 30, 2024. Inventory related balances, including pre-paid inventory, totaled $8,610,125.

Going Concern

The Company has never been profitable and has incurred net losses related to acquisitions, as well as costs incurred to pursue its long-term growth strategy. During the year ended April 30, 2024, the Company incurred a net loss from continuing operations of $21,526,696 and used cash in operating activities of continuing operations of $17,687,063. As of April 30, 2024, working capital for continuing operations totaled $18,746,419. These financial results and our financial position at April 30, 2024 raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. However, the Company has recently taken actions to strengthen its liquidity. On December 11, 2023, we completed a public offering of 18,400,000 shares of common stock which generated net proceeds of approximately $8,400,000. Subsequent to year end, the Company sold its equity method investment for $4,400,000. In addition, the Company’s operating plan for the next twelve months has been updated to reflect recent operating improvements.  Revenues have accelerated and are expected to continue growing. The Company’s manufacturing facility is scaling production and gross profits are projected to increase. If necessary, the Company will seek to obtain additional debt financing for which there can be no guarantee. Management has concluded that these recent positive developments alleviate any substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue its operations, and meet its financial obligations, for twelve months from the date these consolidated financial statements are issued.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with GAAP applied on a consistent basis. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods.

We regularly evaluate the accounting policies and estimates that we use to prepare our financial statements. A complete summary of these policies is included in the notes to our financial statements. In general, management's estimates are based on historical experience, information from third party professionals, and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the facts and circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates made by management. 

Significant estimates reflected in these financial statements include those used to (i) complete purchase price accounting for acquisitions, (ii) the evaluation of long-term assets, including goodwill, for impairment, and (iii) the evaluation of other-than-temporary-impairment of equity method investments.

Goodwill and Long-lived Assets – Goodwill represents the future economic benefit arising from other assets acquired in an acquisition that are not individually identified and separately recognized. We test goodwill for impairment in accordance with the provisions of ASC 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other, (“ASC 350”). Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually at the reporting unit level or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill might be impaired. ASC 350 provides that an entity has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, an entity determines it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then additional impairment testing is not required. However, if an entity concludes otherwise, then it is required to perform an impairment test. The impairment test involves comparing the estimated fair value of a reporting unit with its book value, including goodwill. If the estimated fair value exceeds book value, goodwill is considered not to be impaired. If, however, the fair value of the reporting unit is less than book value, then an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the amount that the book value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit.

33

The estimate of fair value of a reporting unit is computed using either an income approach, a market approach, or a combination of both. Under the income approach, we utilize the discounted cash flow method to estimate the fair value of a reporting unit. Significant assumptions inherent in estimating the fair values include the estimated future cash flows, growth assumptions for future revenues (including gross profit, operating expenses, and capital expenditures), and a rate used to discount estimated future cash flow projections to their present value based on estimated weighted average cost of capital (i.e., the selected discount rate). Our assumptions are based on historical data, supplemented by current and anticipated market conditions, estimated growth rates, and management’s plans. Under the market approach, fair value is derived from metrics of publicly traded companies or historically completed transactions of comparable businesses. The selection of comparable businesses is based on the markets in which the reporting units operate and consider risk profiles, size, geography, and diversity of products and services. 

Fair Values, Inputs and Valuation Techniques for Financial Assets and Liabilities and Related Disclosures – The fair value measurements and disclosure guidance defines fair value and establishes a framework for measuring fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In accordance with this guidance, the Company has categorized its recurring basis financial assets and liabilities into a three-level fair value hierarchy based on the priority of the inputs to the valuation technique.

The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). The inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls has been determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company's assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.

The guidance establishes three levels of the fair value hierarchy as follows:

Level 1: Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date;

Level 2: Inputs are observable, unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the related assets or liabilities; and

Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities that are supported by little or no market data.

Financial Instruments

The Company's financial instruments mainly consist of cash, receivables, current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and debt. The carrying amounts of cash, receivables, current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and current debt approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no off-balance sheet arrangements.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

The Company has implemented all new accounting pronouncements that are in effect. These pronouncements did not have any material impact on the financial statements unless otherwise disclosed, and the Company does not believe that there are any other new accounting pronouncements that have been issued that might have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations. 

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide this information.

34

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

RED CAT HOLDINGS, INC.

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

	Page
Report of Independent Registered Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 3501)	F-2
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of April 30, 2024 and 2023	F-3
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended April 30, 2024 and 2023	F-4
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended April 30, 2024 and 2023	F-5
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended April 30, 2024 and 2023	F-6
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements	F-7

35

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and
Stockholders of Red Cat Holdings, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Red Cat Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) as of April 30, 2024 and 2023, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of April 30, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audits of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Valuation of Goodwill and Intangibles

As discussed in Note 8 to the financial statements, the Company acquired various businesses which resulted in the recording of significant amounts of goodwill and intangible assets. The intangible assets management identified consisted of proprietary technology and tradenames. Management determined the fair value of the intangible assets using a discounted cash flow model. Key assumptions used the model to determine fair value were cash flow projections, the discount rate, long-term growth rates, effective tax rate and the estimated periods to be benefitted of the identifiable intangible assets with definite lives.

We identified the valuation of goodwill and intangible assets for the businesses acquired as a critical audit matter because of the significant assumptions management makes in determining the estimates. Auditing management’s assumptions involved a high degree of auditor judgment and increased audit effort, including the use of valuation specialists, as management’s assumptions are subjective, and changes in these assumptions could have a significant impact on the fair value of the businesses acquired.

Our audit procedures related to the Company’s valuation of goodwill and intangible assets for the businesses acquired included the following, among others:

We evaluated the reasonableness of management’s cash flow projections by comparing management’s prior forecasts to historical results for the Company, as well as inquiry of management of the reporting unit regarding the expected future operations, review of publicly available industry information, and testing the completeness and accuracy of the data used in the projections.

Additionally, we evaluated the reasonableness of management’s use of various rates and other assumptions by comparing them to comparable companies and market data.

Finally, we evaluated the estimated periods to be benefitted of the identifiable intangible assets with definite lives by comparing to comparable companies and market data, as well as recalculating the current and accumulated amortization.

/s/ dbbmckennon

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2024.

Newport Beach, California

August 8, 2024 

F-2

 RED CAT HOLDINGS, INC.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

	April 30,			April 30,
	2024			2023
ASSETS					(As restated)
Current assets
Cash	$	6,067,169		$	3,173,649
Marketable securities		—			12,814,038
Accounts receivable, net		4,361,090			719,862
Inventory		8,007,237			8,920,573
Other		3,962,053			1,263,735
Current assets of discontinued operations		—			5,283,155
Total current assets		22,397,549			32,175,012
Goodwill		9,088,550			17,012,832
Intangible assets, net		3,794,389			6,893,115
Equity method investee		5,142,500			—
Note receivable		4,000,000			—
Property and equipment, net		2,340,684			2,650,358
Other		293,126			303,180
Operating lease right-of-use assets		1,480,814			1,600,434
Long-term assets of discontinued operations		—			108,397
Total long-term assets		26,140,063			28,568,316
TOTAL ASSETS	$	48,537,612		$	60,743,328
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	1,580,422		$	1,392,550
Accrued expenses		1,069,561			409,439
Debt obligations - short term		751,570			922,138
Customer deposits		53,939			155,986
Operating lease liabilities		195,638			159,423
Current liabilities of discontinued operations		—			1,010,501
Total current liabilities		3,651,130			4,050,037
Operating lease liabilities		1,321,952			1,481,967
Debt obligations - long term		—			401,569
Long-term liabilities of discontinued operations		—			41,814
Total long-term liabilities		1,321,952			1,925,350
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' equity
Series B preferred stock - shares authorized 4,300,000; issued and outstanding 4,676 and 986,676		47			9,867
Common stock - shares authorized 500,000,000; issued and outstanding 74,289,351 and 54,568,065		74,289			54,568
Additional paid-in capital		124,616,305			112,642,726
Accumulated deficit		(81,130,732	)		(57,078,103	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		4,621			(861,117	)
Total stockholders' equity		43,564,530			54,767,941
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	$	48,537,612		$	60,743,328

See accompanying notes.  

F-3

RED CAT HOLDINGS, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Operations

	Year ended April 30,
	2024			2023
				(As restated)
Revenues	$	17,836,382		$	4,620,834
Cost of goods sold		14,155,836			5,455,145
Gross profit (loss)		3,680,546			(834,311	)
Operating Expenses
Research and development		5,896,037			5,595,281
Sales and marketing		4,568,617			3,731,776
General and administrative		10,679,105			12,383,470
Impairment loss		412,999			2,826,918
Total operating expenses		21,556,758			24,537,445
Operating loss		(17,876,212	)		(25,371,756	)
Other (income) expense
Gain on divestiture of consumer segment		(9,642,427	)		—
Impairment on equity method investment		11,353,875			—
Equity method loss		503,625			—
Investment loss (income), net		651,943			(82,798	)
Interest expense		68,609			122,004
Other, net		714,859			965,681
Other (income) expense		3,650,484			1,004,887
Net loss from continuing operations		(21,526,696	)		(26,376,643	)
Loss from discontinued operations		(2,525,933	)		(1,730,386	)
Net loss	$	(24,052,629	)	$	(28,107,029	)
Loss per share - basic and diluted
Continuing operations	$	(0.36	)	$	(0.49	)
Discontinued operations		(0.04	)		(0.03	)
Loss per share - basic and diluted	$	(0.40	)	$	(0.52	)
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic and diluted		60,118,675			53,860,199

See accompanying notes.

F-4

RED CAT HOLDINGS, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity

	Series B										Additional						Accumulated Other
	Preferred Stock						Common Stock				Paid-in			Accumulated			Comprehensive			Total
	Shares			Amount			Shares		Amount		Capital			Deficit			Income (Loss)			Equity
Balances, April 30, 2022, as restated		986,676		$	9,867			53,748,735	$	53,749	$	109,471,010		$	(28,971,074	)	$	(1,470,272	)	$	79,093,280
Stock based compensation		—			—			—		—		3,656,724			—			—			3,656,724
Vesting of restricted stock units		—			—			779,498		779		(523,606	)		—			—			(522,827	)
Shares issued for services		—			—			39,832		40		38,598			—			—			38,638
Unrealized gain on marketable securities		—			—			—		—		—			—			610,129			610,129
Currency translation adjustments		—			—			—		—		—			—			(974	)		(974	)
Net loss		—			—			—		—		—			(28,107,029	)		—			(28,107,029	)
Balances, April 30, 2023, as restated		986,676		$	9,867			54,568,065	$	54,568	$	112,642,726		$	(57,078,103	)		$ (861,117	)	$	54,767,941
Stock based compensation		—			—			—		—		3,609,267			—			—			3,609,267
Vesting of restricted stock units		—			—			446,717		447		(33,701	)		—			—			(33,254	)
Conversion of preferred stock		(982,000	)		(9,820	)		818,334		818		9,002			—			—			—
Issuance of common stock through ATM facility, net		—			—			53,235		53		9,159			—			—			9,212
Exercise of stock options		—			—			3,000		3		2,652			—			—			2,655
Public offering, net of $804,400 of issuance costs		—			—			18,400,000		18,400		8,377,200			—			—			8,395,600
Unrealized gain on marketable securities		—			—			—		—		—			—			864,165			864,165
Currency translation adjustments		—			—			—		—		—			—			1,573			1,573
Net loss		—			—			—		—		—			(24,052,629	)		—			(24,052,629	)
Balances, April 30, 2024		4,676		$	47			74,289,351	$	74,289	$	124,616,305		$	(81,130,732	)	$	4,621		$	43,564,530

See accompanying notes.

F-5

RED CAT HOLDINGS, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

	Year ended April 30,
	2024			2023
Cash Flows from Operating Activities				(As restated)
Net loss	$	(24,052,629	)	$	(28,107,029	)
Net loss from discontinued operations		(2,525,933	)		(1,730,386	)
Net loss from continuing operations		(21,526,696	)		(26,376,643	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash from operations:
Stock based compensation - options		2,619,501			1,617,982
Stock based compensation - restricted units		989,766			2,038,742
Common stock issued for services		—			38,638
Amortization of intangible assets		854,311			654,527
Realized loss from sale of marketable securities		851,986			296,012
Depreciation		568,813			311,545
Gain on divestiture of consumer segment		(9,642,427	)		—
Impairment on equity method investment		11,353,875			—
Equity method loss		503,625			—
Impairment on goodwill and intangible assets		412,999			2,826,918
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable		(3,641,228	)		(288,986	)
Inventory		913,336			(5,707,525	)
Other		(2,688,264	)		559,660
Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities		(4,180	)		25,733
Customer deposits		(102,047	)		(136,628	)
Accounts payable		187,872			434,803
Accrued expenses		661,695			(608,452	)
Net cash used in operating activities of continuing operations		(17,687,063	)		(24,313,674	)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Proceeds from divestiture of consumer segment		1,000,000			—
Purchases of property and equipment		(259,139	)		(2,450,213	)
Proceeds from sale of marketable securities		12,826,217			32,290,448
Investment in SAFE agreement		—			(250,000	)
Net cash provided by investing activities of continuing operations		13,567,078			29,590,235
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Proceeds from issuance of common stock:
Public offering, net		8,395,600			—
ATM facility, net		9,212			—
Payments under debt obligations		(572,137	)		(606,897	)
Payments of taxes related to equity transactions		(33,254	)		(581,775	)
Exercise of stock options		2,655			—
Proceeds from related party obligations		—			13,404
Payments under related party obligations		—			(40,057	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities of continuing operations		7,802,076			(1,215,325	)
Discontinued operations
Operating activities		(875,227	)		(4,885,746	)
Investing activities		—			—
Financing activities		—			—
Net cash used in discontinued operations		(875,227	)		(4,885,746	)
Net increase (decrease) in Cash		2,806,864			(824,510	)
Cash, beginning of period		3,260,305			4,084,815
Cash, end of period		6,067,169			3,260,305
Less: Cash of discontinued operations		—			(86,656	)
Cash of continuing operations, end of period		6,067,169			3,173,649
Cash paid for interest		70,177			122,103
Cash paid for income taxes		—			—
Non-cash transactions
Equity method investment from divestiture of consumer segment	$	17,000,000		$	—
Note receivable from divestiture of consumer segment	$	4,000,000		$	—
Unrealized gain on marketable securities	$	864,165		$	610,129
Conversion of preferred stock into common stock	$	9,820		$	—
Shares withheld as payment of note receivable	$	—		$	18,449
Taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards	$	—		$	32,468

See accompanying notes. 

F-6

RED CAT HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 April 30, 2024 and 2023 

Note 1 – The Business

The Company was originally incorporated in February 1984. Since April 2016, the Company’s primary business has been to provide products, services, and solutions to the drone industry which it presently does through its wholly owned operating subsidiaries. Beginning in January 2020, the Company expanded the scope of its drone products and services through four acquisitions, including: 

A. In January 2020, the Company acquired Rotor Riot, a provider of First Person View (“FPV”) drones and equipment, primarily to consumers. The purchase price was $1,995,114.

B. In November 2020, the Company acquired Fat Shark Holdings (“Fat Shark”), a provider of FPV video goggles to the drone industry. The purchase price was $8,354,076.

C. In May 2021, the Company acquired Skypersonic which provided hardware and software solutions that enable drones to complete inspection services in locations where GPS is either denied or not available, yet still record and transmit data even while being operated from thousands of miles away. The purchase price was $2,791,012.

D. In August 2021, the Company acquired Teal Drones (“Teal”), a leader in commercial and government Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (“UAV”) technology. The purchase price was $10,011,279.

Following the Teal acquisition in August 2021, we concentrated on integrating and organizing these businesses. Effective May 1, 2022, we established the Enterprise segment (“Enterprise”) and the Consumer segment (“Consumer”) to focus on the unique opportunities in each sector. Enterprise's initial strategy was to provide UAVs to commercial enterprises, and the military, to navigate dangerous military environments and confined industrial and commercial interior spaces. Subsequently, Enterprise narrowed its near-term attention on the military and other government agencies. Skypersonic's technology has been redirected to military applications and its operations consolidated into Teal.

On December 11, 2023, the Company completed a firm commitment underwritten public offering with ThinkEquity of 18,400,000 shares of common stock which generated gross proceeds of $9,200,000 and net proceeds of approximately $8,400,000. 

On February 16, 2024, we closed the sale of our Consumer segment, consisting of Rotor Riot and Fat Shark, to Unusual Machines. The sale reflects the Company's decision to focus its efforts and capital on defense where it believes that there are more opportunities to create long term shareholder value. See Note 3 and Note 9.

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Accounting – The financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”). Certain prior period amounts have been restated to conform to the current year presentation.

Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements – The Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet as of April 30, 2023, Consolidated Statement of Operations, Stockholders’ Equity and Cash Flows for the year then ended, and its Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended April 30, 2023, which were originally filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on July 27, 2023 (the “Original Form 10-K”), have been restated. The Company revised its accounting estimate of the life of an operating lease that was previously reported in its Original Form 10-K. Upon further evaluation, the Company determined that prior year adjustments were necessary. These Consolidated Financial Statements were restated to reflect a change in accounting estimate of the life of the operating lease under FASB ASC Topic 842 from three to nine years. Additionally, the Company revised its financial statements to remove derivative liabilities due to erroneously reporting warrants from our convertible note financings, as described in Note 18, as having a derivative component.

F-7

The impacts of these restatements are detailed in the tables below:

	Consolidated Balance Sheet As of April 30, 2023
	Originally Reported			As Restated			Change
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	620,307		$	1,600,434		$	980,127
Total long-term assets		28,018,078			28,568,316			550,238
Operating lease liabilities, current		281,797			159,423			(122,374	)
Warrant derivative liability		588,205			—			(588,205	)
Total current liabilities		4,760,616			4,050,037			(710,579	)
Operating lease liabilities, long-term		379,466			1,481,967			1,102,501
Total long-term liabilities		822,849			1,925,350			1,102,501
Additional paid-in capital		109,993,100			112,642,726			2,649,626
Accumulated deficit		(54,586,793	)		(57,078,103	)		(2,491,310	)
Total shareholders’ equity		54,609,625			54,767,941			158,316
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	60,193,090		$	60,743,328		$	550,238

	Consolidated Statement of Operations For the year ended April 30, 2023
	Originally Reported			As Restated			Change
Change in fair value of derivative liability	$	(1,019,292	)	$	—		$	1,019,292
Net loss	$	(27,087,737	)	$	(28,107,029	)	$	(1,019,292	)

Amounts presented as originally reported as of April 30, 2023 are exclusive of Discontinued Operations with the exception of (i) change in fair value of derivative liability, (ii) net loss, and (iii) Consolidated Balance Sheet totals. The Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows is not presented above as there was no change in net cash used in operating activities of continuing operations.

Principles of Consolidation – Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of our wholly owned subsidiaries which include Teal and Skypersonic as well as Rotor Riot and Fat Shark which were sold on February 16, 2024. Non-majority owned investments, including the formerly wholly owned subsidiaries Rotor Riot and Fat Shark, are accounted for using the equity method when the Company is able to significantly influence the operating policies of the investee. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

The Consumer segment businesses are characterized as discontinued operations in these financial statements.  The operating results and cash flows of discontinued operations are separately stated in those respective financial statements. See Note 3.

Use of Estimates – The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates reflected in these financial statements include those used to (i) complete purchase price accounting for acquisitions, (ii) the evaluation of long-term assets, including goodwill, for impairment, and (iii) the evaluation of other-than-temporary-impairment of equity method investments.

Cash and Cash Equivalents – At April 30, 2024, we had cash of $6,067,169 in multiple commercial banks and financial services companies. We have not experienced any loss on these cash balances and believe they are not exposed to any significant credit risk.

F-8

Marketable Securities – Our marketable securities were classified and accounted for as available-for-sale securities. These securities were primarily invested in corporate bonds and were readily saleable, and therefore, we have classified them as short term. Our available-for-sale securities were carried at fair value with any unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of comprehensive income (loss). Once realized, any gains or losses were recognized in the statement of operations.

We have elected to present accrued interest income separately from marketable securities on our consolidated balance sheets. Accrued interest income was $0 and $151,671 as of April 30, 2024 and April 30, 2023, respectively, and was included in other current assets. We did not write off any accrued interest income during the years ended April 30, 2024 and April 30, 2023.

Accounts Receivable, net – Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount less allowances for doubtful accounts. The Company's estimate of the allowance for doubtful accounts is based on a multitude of factors, including historical bad debt levels for its customer base, experience with a specific customer, the economic environment, and other factors. Accounts receivable balances are written off against the allowance when it is probable that the receivable will not be collected.

Concentration of Credit Risk – Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk, include trade receivables. In the normal course of business, the Company provides credit terms to its customers. Accordingly, the Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers, generally does not require collateral and considers the credit risk profile of the customer from which the receivable is due in further evaluating collection risk. Customers that accounted for 10% or greater of accounts receivable, net as of April 30, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

	April 30,
	2024			2023
Customer A		53	%		20	%
Customer B		24	%		*
Customer C		*			24	%
Customer D		*			14	%
Customer E		*			10	%

* Accounts Receivable was less than 10%

As of April 30, 2024, three customers accounted for equal to or greater than 10% of total revenue, totaling 28%, 23% and 10%, respectively. As of April 30, 2023, two customers accounted for equal to or greater than 10% of total revenue, totaling 22% and 20%, respectively.

Inventories – Inventories, which consist of raw materials, work-in-process, and finished goods, are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, and are measured using the first-in, first-out method. Cost components include direct materials, direct labor, indirect overhead, as well as in-bound freight. At each balance sheet date, the Company evaluates the net realizable value of its inventory using various reference measures including current product selling prices and recent customer demand, as well as evaluating for excess quantities and obsolescence.

Goodwill and Long-lived Assets – Goodwill represents the future economic benefit arising from other assets acquired in an acquisition that are not individually identified and separately recognized. We test goodwill for impairment in accordance with the provisions of ASC 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other, (“ASC 350”). Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually at the reporting unit level or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill might be impaired. ASC 350 provides that an entity has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, an entity determines it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then additional impairment testing is not required. However, if an entity concludes otherwise, then it is required to perform an impairment test. The impairment test involves comparing the estimated fair value of a reporting unit with its book value, including goodwill. If the estimated fair value exceeds book value, goodwill is considered not to be impaired. If, however, the fair value of the reporting unit is less than book value, then an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the amount that the book value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit.

F-9

The estimate of fair value of a reporting unit is computed using either an income approach, a market approach, or a combination of both. Under the income approach, we utilize the discounted cash flow method to estimate the fair value of a reporting unit. Significant assumptions inherent in estimating the fair values include the estimated future cash flows, growth assumptions for future revenues (including gross profit, operating expenses, and capital expenditures), and a rate used to discount estimated future cash flow projections to their present value based on estimated weighted average cost of capital (i.e., the selected discount rate). Our assumptions are based on historical data, supplemented by current and anticipated market conditions, estimated growth rates, and management’s plans. Under the market approach, fair value is derived from metrics of publicly traded companies or historically completed transactions of comparable businesses. The selection of comparable businesses is based on the markets in which the reporting units operate and consider risk profiles, size, geography, and diversity of products and services. 

Goodwill for Teal is ascribed to its existing relationship with several U.S. government agencies including its classification as an approved vendor. The Company expects that the Goodwill recognized in each transaction will be deductible for tax purposes.  The Company has reported net losses since its inception and is presently unable to determine when and if the tax benefit of this deduction will be realized.

Property and equipment – Property and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation which is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset. The estimated useful lives of our property and equipment are generally: (i) furniture and fixtures - seven years, (ii) equipment and related - two to five years, and (iii) leasehold improvements – nine to fifteen years.

Equity Method Investment – The equity method of accounting is applied to investments in which the Company has an ownership interest of between 20% and 50%. The Company evaluates its equity method investments each reporting period for evidence of a loss in value that is other than a temporary decline. Evidence of a loss in value might include, but would not necessarily be limited to, absence of an ability to recover the carrying amount of the investment or the inability of the investee to sustain an earnings capacity that would justify the carrying amount of the investment. The Company performed this analysis and concluded that its investment in UMAC was other-than-temporarily impaired and recognized an impairment charge of $11,353,875 for the year ended April 30, 2024.

Leases – Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 842 requires the recognition of assets and liabilities associated with lease agreements. The Company determines if a contract is a lease or contains a lease at inception. Operating lease liabilities are measured, on each reporting date, based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the remaining lease term. The Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate. Therefore, the Company uses an effective discount rate of 12% based on its last debt financing. Operating lease assets are measured by adjusting the lease liability for lease incentives, initial direct costs incurred and asset impairments. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term with the operating lease asset reduced by the amount of the expense. Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate a lease when they are reasonably certain to occur.

Fair Values, Inputs and Valuation Techniques for Financial Assets and Liabilities, and Related Disclosures – The fair value measurements and disclosure guidance defines fair value and establishes a framework for measuring fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In accordance with this guidance, the Company has categorized its recurring basis financial assets and liabilities into a three-level fair value hierarchy based on the priority of the inputs to the valuation technique.

The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). The inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls has been determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company's assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.

The guidance establishes three levels of the fair value hierarchy as follows:

Level 1: Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date;

Level 2: Inputs are observable, unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the related assets or liabilities; and

F-10

Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities that are supported by little or no market data. 

Disclosures for Non-Financial Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis

The Company's financial instruments mainly consist of cash, receivables, current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and debt. The carrying amounts of these instruments approximates fair value due to their short-term nature.

Revenue Recognition – The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers, issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). This standard includes a comprehensive evaluation of factors to be considered regarding revenue recognition including (i) identifying the promised goods, (ii) evaluating performance obligations, (iii) measuring the transaction price, (iv) allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations if there are multiple components, and (v) recognizing revenue as each obligation is satisfied. The Company’s revenue transactions include the shipment of goods to customers as orders are fulfilled, completion of non-recurring engineering, completion of training, and customer support services. The Company recognizes revenue upon shipment of product or prototypes unless otherwise specified in the purchase order or contract. Customer deposits totaled $53,939 and $155,986 at April 30, 2024 and April 30, 2023, respectively. From time to time, non-recurring engineering contracts may involve the capitalization of engineering prototypes, classified as contract assets. Contract assets totaled $1,477,859 and $0 at April 30, 2024 and April 30, 2023, respectively.

The following table presents the Company’s revenue disaggregated by revenue type:

	Year Ended April 30,
	2024		2023
Contract related	$	4,173,005	$	1,312,427
Product related		13,663,377		3,308,407
Total	$	17,836,382	$	4,620,834

Research and Development – Research and development expenses include payroll, employee benefits, and other headcount-related expenses associated with product development. Research and development expenses also include third-party development and programming costs, materials, and a proportionate share of overhead costs such as rent.

Product Warranty - The Company accrues an estimate of its exposure to warranty claims based upon both current and historical product sales data and warranty costs incurred. Product warranty reserves are recorded in current liabilities under accrued expenses. Warranty liability was $372,000 and $90,000 as of April 30, 2024 and April 30, 2023 respectively.

Income Taxes – Deferred taxes are provided on the liability method whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment. 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements – Management does not believe that recently issued, but not yet effective accounting pronouncements, if adopted, would have a material effect on the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Foreign Currency – The functional currency of our former international subsidiary, Skyset, was the local Italian currency. For that subsidiary, we translated assets and liabilities to U.S. dollars using period-end exchange rates, and average monthly exchange rates for revenues, costs, and expenses. We recorded translation gains and losses in accumulated other comprehensive income.

Comprehensive Loss – Comprehensive loss consists of net loss and other comprehensive loss. Other comprehensive loss refers to gains and losses that are recorded as an element of stockholders' equity but are excluded from net loss. Our other comprehensive loss is comprised of foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale securities. During the year ended April 30, 2024, comprehensive loss was $865,738 lower than net loss, related to unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities totaling $864,165 and foreign currency translation adjustments of $1,573. During the year ended April 30, 2023, comprehensive loss was $609,155 lower than net loss, related to unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities totaling $610,129, partially offset by foreign currency translation adjustments of $974. 

F-11

Stock-Based Compensation – Stock options are valued using the estimated grant-date fair value method of accounting in accordance with ASC Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation. Fair value is determined based on the Black-Scholes Model using inputs reflecting our estimates of expected volatility, term and future dividends. We recognize forfeitures as they occur. The fair value of restricted stock is based on our stock price on the date of grant. Compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the service period which is the vesting term.

Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share – Basic and diluted net loss per share has been calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Common stock equivalents were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share of common stock because they were anti-dilutive. The conversion or exercise of these common stock equivalents would dilute earnings per share if we become profitable in the future. Outstanding securities not included in the computation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive include:

	April 30, 2024		April 30, 2023
Series B Preferred Stock, as converted		3,896		822,230
Stock options		6,779,934		4,784,809
Warrants		2,275,999		1,539,999
Restricted stock		175,130		781,060
Total		9,234,959		7,928,098

Related Parties – Parties are considered to be related to us if they have control or significant influence, directly or indirectly, over us, including key management personnel and members of the Board of Directors or are direct relatives of key management personnel of members of the Board of Directors. Related Party transactions are disclosed in Note 20.

Liquidity and Going Concern – The Company has never been profitable and has incurred net losses related to acquisitions, as well as costs incurred to pursue its long-term growth strategy. During the year ended April 30, 2024, the Company incurred a net loss from continuing operations of $21,526,696 and used cash in operating activities of continuing operations of $17,687,063. As of April 30, 2024, working capital for continuing operations totaled $18,746,419. These financial results and our financial position at April 30, 2024 raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. However, the Company has recently taken actions to strengthen its liquidity. On December 11, 2023, we completed a public offering of 18,400,000 shares of common stock which generated net proceeds of approximately $8,400,000 as further described in Note 1 and Note 16. In addition, the Company’s operating plan for the next twelve months has been updated to reflect recent operating improvements.  Revenues have accelerated and are expected to continue growing. The Company’s manufacturing facility is scaling production and gross profits are projected to increase. If necessary, the Company will seek to obtain additional debt financing for which there can be no guarantee. Subsequent to year end, as further described in Note 22, the Company sold its equity method investment for $4,400,000. Management has concluded that these recent positive developments alleviate any substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue its operations, and meet its financial obligations, for twelve months from the date these consolidated financial statements are issued.

Note 3 – Divestiture of Consumer Segment

On February 16, 2024, the Company closed the sale of Rotor Riot and Fat Shark to Unusual Machines. The sale was conducted pursuant to a Share Purchase Agreement dated November 21, 2022, as amended on April 13, 2023, July 10, 2023, and December 11, 2023 (the “SPA”). The transaction closed concurrently with UMAC’s initial public offering and listing on the NYSE American exchange (“IPO”) under the symbol “UMAC.”

The total consideration received by the Company was valued at $20 million and consisted of i) $1 million in cash, ii) $2 million in a secured promissory note (“Promissory Note”), iii) $17 million in securities of Unusual Machines, and iv) a post-closing adjustment for excess working capital.

F-13

Secured Promissory Note

The Promissory Note from Unusual Machines bears interest at a rate of 8% per year, is due 18 months from the date of issue, and requires monthly payments of interest due in arrears on the 15th day of each month. In the event of a Qualified Financing (defined as one or more related debt or equity financings by UMAC resulting in net proceeds of at least $5 million, other than UMAC’s completed IPO), the Company may require payment of this Promissory Note in whole or in part upon written notice given within 10 days of the Qualified Financing. During the occurrence and continuance of any event of default under the Note, The Company may, at its option, convert the amounts due under the Note to common stock of UMAC in whole or in part from time to time. The conversion price will be a 10% discount to the average daily volume weighted average price for UMAC’s common stock over the 10 days preceding the conversion price. Conversions under the Note will be limited such that no conversion may be made to the extent that, after giving effect to the conversion, the Company, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% of UMAC’s common stock. This limit may be increased by the Company upon 61 days written notice.

Unusual Machines Securities

The $17 million worth of UMAC common stock was valued at the IPO price for UMAC’s common stock of $4.00 per share, resulting in 4,250,000 shares of UMAC common stock being issued to the Company (representing approximately 49% of UMAC’s issued and outstanding common stock after giving effect to the IPO and to the issuance of common stock to the Company upon closing of the IPO).

Working Capital

The purchase price was adjusted for working capital as of the closing date. Actual working capital excess amounts increased the principal amount of the Promissory Note dollar for dollar. Working capital as of closing was finalized at $2 million, as further described in Note 22.

The Consumer segment has been classified as Discontinued Operations and reported in accordance with the applicable accounting standards. Set forth below are the results of operations for the Consumer segment for:

	Year ended April 30,
	2024			2023
Revenues	$	4,213,653		$	5,290,946
Cost of goods sold		4,577,980			4,793,430
Gross (Loss) Profit		(364,327	)		497,516
Operating Expenses
Research and development		118,093			346,002
Sales and marketing		1,157,448			862,384
General and administrative		863,361			1,044,435
Total operating expenses		2,138,902			2,252,821
Operating loss		(2,503,229	)		(1,755,305	)
Other expense (income)
Interest expense		22,856			—
Other, net		(152	)		(24,919	)
Other expense (income)		22,704			(24,919	)
Net loss from discontinued operations	$	(2,525,933	)	$	(1,730,386	)

F-14

Assets and liabilities for the Consumer segment included:

	April 30, 2024		April 30, 2023
Current assets
Cash	$	—	$	86,656
Accounts receivable, net		—		61,107
Inventory		—		3,065,954
Other		—		2,069,438
Total current assets		—		5,283,155
Intangible assets, net		—		20,000
Other		—		3,853
Operating lease right-of-use assets		—		84,544
Total long term assets		—		108,397
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	—	$	606,872
Accrued expenses		—		109,480
Customer deposits		—		244,688
Operating lease liabilities		—		49,461
Total current liabilities		—		1,010,501
Long term liabilities - Operating lease liabilities		—		41,814
Working capital	$	—	$	4,272,654

Note 4 – Marketable Securities

There were no marketable securities at April 30, 2024.

At April 30, 2023, marketable securities consisted solely of corporate bonds and were classified at Level 2 in the Fair Value Hierarchy. Fair value, cost basis, and unrealized losses totaled $12,814,038, $13,678,203, and $864,165 at April 30, 2023, respectively.

Note 5 – Inventories

Inventories consisted of the following:

	April 30, 2024		April 30, 2023
Raw materials	$	5,750,324	$	8,132,196
Work-in-process		1,289,997		509,381
Finished goods		966,916		278,996
Total	$	8,007,237	$	8,920,573

F-15

Note 6 – Other Current Assets

Other current assets included:

	April 30, 2024		April 30, 2023
Contract asset	$	1,477,859	$	—
Prepaid expenses		1,206,306		752,564
Grant receivable		675,000		—
Prepaid inventory		602,888		359,500
Accrued interest income		—		151,671
Total	$	3,962,053	$	1,263,735

Note 7 – Due From Related Party

In January 2022, the Company determined that a senior executive had relocated in 2021 but their compensation had not been subject to the income tax withholding required by the new jurisdiction. The amount subject to taxation included $155,624 of cash compensation and $1,413,332 of income associated with the vesting of restricted stock ("Stock Compensation"). In March 2022, the Company entered into a note agreement (the "Note") with the employee in the amount of $510,323, representing the estimated taxes owed by the employee related to the Stock Compensation. Under the terms of the Note, 104,166 shares of common stock with a fair value of $280,832, which had vested during calendar 2021, were withheld by the Company and applied against the Note. The employee agreed not to sell or transfer 110,983 shares of common stock held at the Company's transfer agent until the Note was repaid. In addition, the employee has 20,833 shares of restricted stock vesting monthly in calendar 2022, of which 3,000 shares were withheld with the fair value of those shares applied against the Note. Shares issued to the employee in 2022 were held at the transfer agent until the Note was repaid. The Note matured on December 31, 2022. The Company filed amended payroll tax returns on March 16, 2022. In March and April 2022, the Company made payments to the relevant tax authorities totaling $712,646 representing $510,323 owed by the employee, $31,604 owed by the Company, and $170,719 of penalties and interest. The Note was repaid in full in August 2022.

Note 8 – Intangible Assets

Intangible assets relate to acquisitions completed by the Company, including those described in Note 1, and were as follows:

	April 30, 2024							April 30, 2023
	Gross Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Value		Gross Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Value
Proprietary technology	$	4,282,001	$	(1,917,612	)	$	2,364,389	$	4,967,000	$	(1,271,112	)	$	3,695,888
Non-compete agreements		65,000		(65,000	)		—		81,000		(56,667	)		24,333
Customer relationships		—		—			—		39,000		(18,106	)		20,894
Total finite-lived assets		4,347,001		(1,982,612	)		2,364,389		5,087,000		(1,345,885	)		3,741,115
Brand name		1,430,000		—			1,430,000		3,152,000		—			3,152,000
Total indefinite-lived assets		1,430,000		—			1,430,000		3,152,000		—			3,152,000
Total intangible assets, net	$	5,777,001	$	(1,982,612	)	$	3,794,389	$	8,239,000	$	(1,345,885	)	$	6,893,115

Proprietary technology and non-compete agreements are being amortized over six years and three years, respectively. Customer relationships are being amortized over seven years. Goodwill and Brand name are not amortized but evaluated for impairment on a quarterly basis.

F-16

As of April 30, 2024, expected amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets for the next five years is as follows:

Fiscal Year Ended:
2025	$	709,316
2026		709,316
2027		709,316
2028		236,441
2029		—
Thereafter		—
Total	$	2,364,389

Goodwill represents the future economic benefit arising from other assets acquired in an acquisition that are not individually identified and separately recognized. The composition of, and changes in goodwill, consist of:

Date	Entity	Goodwill
January 2020	Rotor Riot	$	1,849,073
November 2020	Fat Shark		6,168,260
May 2021	Skypersonic		2,826,918
August 2021	Teal Drones		8,995,499
April 2023 - Impairment loss	Skypersonic		(2,826,918	)
Balance at April 30, 2023		$	17,012,832
February 2024 – Divestiture	Rotor Riot, Fat Shark		(7,924,282	)
Balance at April 30, 2024		$	9,088,550

Included in the amounts presented above is goodwill related to other insignificant transactions. Following the establishment of the Enterprise and Consumer segments, management evaluated the long-term business strategy of each segment. This resulted in the Enterprise segment narrowing its focus on the military and other government agencies. It was determined that Skypersonic's technology would be re-focused for the near term on military applications and consolidated into the operations of Teal. The Company completes a formal evaluation of the carrying value of its intangible assets, including goodwill, at the end of each fiscal year. Based on (i) the operating results for Skypersonic since its acquisition in May 2021, (ii) its consolidation into Teal, (iii) our current expectations of its future business conditions and trends, including its projected revenues, expenses, and cash flows, the Company recognized an impairment charge of $2,826,918 in April 2023. During FY2024, an impairment change of $412,999 was recognized related to Skypersonic’s proprietary technology.

Note 9 – Equity Method Investment

As of April 30, 2024, the Company owned a 46% interest in Unusual Machines. The primary business operations include selling first-person-view video goggles for drone pilots, drones, parts and related equipment to the consumer marketplace. UMAC’s financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. See Note 3 and Note 22 for additional information.

Financial information for UMAC is derived from UMAC’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ending March 31, 2024 and was as follows:

Current assets	$	6,128,890
Long-term assets		18,099,802
Current liabilities		691,978
Long-term liabilities		2,313,896
Revenues		618,915
Gross profit		204,167
Net loss	$	(1,106,001	)

F-17

The Company’s investments in UMAC have been impacted by the following:

Initial investment, February 16, 2024	$	17,000,000
Equity method loss		(503,625	)
Impairment		(11,353,875	)
Investment balance, April 30, 2024	$	5,142,500

The computation of both the initial investment as of February 16, 2024 and investment balance as of April 30, 2024, is based on the fair market value of UMAC’s common stock.

Note 10 – Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consist of assets with an estimated useful life greater than one year and are reported net of accumulated depreciation. The reported values are periodically assessed for impairment, and were as follows:

	April 30, 2024			April 30, 2023
Equipment and related	$	1,540,888		$	1,386,373
Leasehold improvements		1,547,976			1,473,890
Furniture and fixtures		163,290			132,752
Accumulated depreciation		(911,470	)		(342,657	)
Net carrying value	$	2,340,684		$	2,650,358

Depreciation expense totaled $568,813 and $311,545 for the years ended April 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Note 11 – Other Long-Term Assets

Other long-term assets included:

	April 30, 2024		April 30, 2023
SAFE agreement	$	250,000	$	250,000
Security deposits		43,126		53,180
Total	$	293,126	$	303,180

In November 2022, the Company entered into a SAFE (Simple Agreement for Future Equity) agreement with Firestorm Labs, Inc. (“Firestorm”) under which it made a payment of $250,000 to Firestorm in exchange for the right to certain shares of Firestorm stock. The SAFE permits the Company to participate in a future equity financing of Firestorm by converting the $250,000 into shares of Preferred Stock of Firestorm. If there is a change in control of Firestorm or a public offering of shares of its stock, then the Company shall have the right to receive cash payments, or shares of stock, whichever has greater value. The Company’s investment in the SAFE agreement has been recorded on the cost method of accounting. The Company evaluates the investment for any indications of impairment in value on a quarterly basis. No factors indicative of impairment were identified during the year ended April 30, 2024.

F-18

Note 12 – Right of Use Assets and Liabilities

As of April 30, 2024, the Company had operating type leases for real estate and no finance type leases. The Company’s leases have remaining lease terms of up to 6.67 years, including options to extend certain leases for up to six years. Operating lease expense totaled $351,369 for the year ended April 30, 2024, including period cost for short-term, cancellable, and variable leases, not included in lease liabilities, of $4,950 for the year ended April 30, 2024.

Leases on which the Company made rent payments during the reporting period included:

Location	Monthly Rent		Expiration
South Salt Lake, Utah	$	22,667		December 2024
San Juan, Puerto Rico	$	5,647		June 2027
Grantsville, Utah	$	1,000		December 2026

Supplemental information related to operating leases for the year ended April 30, 2024 was:

Operating cash paid to settle lease liabilities	$$350,162
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)	2.16
Weighted average discount rate	12%

Future lease payments at April 30, 2024 were as follows:

Fiscal Year Ended:
	2025	$	366,853
	2026		372,449
	2027		372,880
	2028		293,334
	2029		280,080
	Thereafter		443,460
	Total		2,129,056
	Imputed interest		(611,466	)
	Total liability	$	1,517,590

Note 13 – Debt Obligations

A.  Decathlon Capital

On August 31, 2021, Teal entered into an Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement with Decathlon Alpha IV, L.P. (“DA4”) in the amount of $1,670,294 (the “Loan”), representing the outstanding principal amount previously due and owing by Teal to DA4. Interest on the Loan accrues at a rate of ten (10%) percent per annum. Principal and interest is payable in monthly installments of $49,275 until maturity on December 31, 2024. The balance outstanding at April 30, 2024 and April 30, 2023 totaled $370,537 and $895,709, respectively.

B.  Pelion Note

In May 2021, Teal entered into a note agreement totaling $350,000 which is payable upon demand. The Note bears interest at the applicable Federal Rate as of the date of the Note which was 0.13% on the date of issuance. Accrued interest at April 30, 2024 and April 30, 2023 totaled $1,334 and $878, respectively.

C.  Vendor Agreement

In connection with the acquisition of Teal on August 31, 2021, the Company assumed an obligation with a contract manufacturing firm. The assumed balance of $387,500 was repaid in monthly installments of $37,500 and paid in full in July 2022. 

F-19

D.  Corporate Equity

Beginning in October 2021, and amended in January 2022, Teal financed a total of $120,000 of leasehold improvements with Corporate Equity, LLC. The loan bears interest at 8.25% annually and requires monthly payments of $3,595 through December 2024. The balance outstanding at April 30, 2024 and April 30, 2023 totaled $27,495 and $66,586 respectively.

E.  Ascentium Capital

In September 2021, Teal entered into a financing agreement with Ascentium Capital to fund the purchase of a fixed asset totaling $24,383. Monthly payments of $656 are payable through October 2024. The balance outstanding at April 30, 2024 and April 30, 2023 totaled $3,538 and $11,412 respectively.

F.  Summary

Future annual principal payments at April 30, 2024 were as follows:

Fiscal Year Ended:
2025		751,570
Thereafter		—
Total	$	751,570

Note 14 – Due to Related Party

In January 2020, in connection with the acquisition of Rotor Riot, the Company assumed a line of credit obligation of the seller, BRIT, LLC, totaling $47,853 which bore interest at 6.67% annually. The remaining balance of $37,196 plus accrued interest totaling $292 was paid in October 2022.

Note 15 – Income Taxes

Our operating subsidiary, Red Cat Propware, Inc., is incorporated and based in Puerto Rico which is a commonwealth of the United States. We are not subject to taxation by the United States as Puerto Rico has its own taxing authority. Since inception, we have incurred net losses in each year of operations. Our current provision for the reporting periods presented in these financial statements consisted of a tax benefit against which we applied a full valuation allowance, resulting in no current provision for income taxes. In addition, there was no deferred provision for any of these reporting periods.

At April 30, 2024 and April 30, 2023, we had accumulated deficits of approximately $81,100,000 and $54,600,000, respectively. Deferred tax assets related to the future benefit of these net operating losses for tax purposes totaled approximately $15,004,000 and $10,101,000, respectively, calculated using the base Puerto Rico corporate tax rate of 18.5%. Currently, we focus on projected future taxable income in evaluating whether it is more likely than not that these deferred assets will be realized. Based on the fact that we have not generated an operating profit since inception, we have applied a full valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets at April 30, 2024 and April 30, 2023.

F-20

Note 16 – Common Stock

Our common stock has a par value of $0.001 per share. We are authorized to issue 500,000,000 shares of common stock. Each share of common stock is entitled to one vote. A summary of shares of common stock issued by the Company since April 30, 2022 is as follows:

Description of Shares	Shares Issued
Shares outstanding as of April 30, 2022		53,748,735
Vesting of restricted stock to employees, net of shares withheld of 273,874 to pay taxes and 9,000 to repay a Note		653,308
Vesting of restricted stock to Board of Directors		116,507
Vesting of restricted stock to consultants		9,683
Shares issued for services		39,832
Shares outstanding as of April 30, 2023		54,568,065
Vesting of restricted stock to employees, net of shares withheld of 27,189 to pay taxes		192,742
Vesting of restricted stock to Board of Directors		252,214
Vesting of restricted stock to consultants		1,761
Conversion of preferred stock		818,334
Issuance of common stock through ATM facilities		53,235
Issuance of common stock through public offering		18,400,000
Exercise of stock options		3,000
Shares outstanding as of April 30, 2024		74,289,351

ATM Facility

In August 2023, we entered into a sales agreement (“the 2023 ATM Facility”) with ThinkEquity LLC (“ThinkEquity”), which provides for the sale, in our sole discretion, of shares of our common stock through ThinkEquity, as our sales agent. In accordance with the terms of the ATM Sales Agreement, the Company may offer and sell shares of our common stock, par value $0.001 per share, having an aggregate offering price of up to $4,375,000. The issuance and sale of these shares by us pursuant to the 2023 ATM Facility are deemed “at the market” offerings as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and are registered under the Securities Act. We pay a commission of up to 2.5% of gross sales proceeds of any common stock sold under the 2023 ATM Facility.

During the year ended April 30, 2024, we sold an aggregate of 53,235 shares of common stock under the 2023 ATM Facility, at an average price of $1.07 per share, for gross proceeds of approximately $57,000 and net proceeds of approximately $55,700, after deducting commissions and other offering expenses payable by us. Additionally, the Company incurred legal fees of approximately $46,000 establishing the 2023 ATM Facility. In December 2023, the Prospectus Supplement dated August 8, 2023 was amended to change the aggregate offering price under the ATM facility to up to $4,375,000.

As of April 30, 2024, approximately $4,318,000 of common stock remained available to be sold under the 2023 ATM Facility, subject to certain conditions as specified in the sales agreement. 

Public Offering

In December 2023, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement with ThinkEquity LLC, as representative of the underwriters, pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell to the underwriters in a firm commitment underwritten public offering (the “Offering”) an aggregate of 16,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”), at a public offering price of $0.50 per share. The Company also granted the underwriters a 45-day option to purchase up to an additional 2,400,000 shares of Common Stock to cover over-allotments. 

The Offering closed on December 11, 2023, resulting in the issuance of 18,400,000 shares of Common Stock which generated gross proceeds of $9,200,000. Net proceeds to the Company from the Offering, after deducting the underwriting discount, the underwriters’ fees and expenses and the Company’s estimated Offering expenses, were approximately $8,400,000. 

F-21

Note 17 – Preferred Stock

Our preferred stock has a par value of $0.001 per share. Series B Preferred Stock (“Series B Stock”) is convertible into common stock at a ratio of 0.8334 shares of common stock for each share of Series B Stock held and votes together with the common stock on an as-if-converted basis. 982,000 shares of Series B Stock were converted into 818,334 shares of common stock in June 2023. Shares outstanding at April 30, 2024 totaled 4,676 which are convertible into 3,896 shares of common stock.

Note 18 – Warrants

The Company issued 5 year warrants to investors in connection with two convertible note financings. The warrants have an exercise price of $1.50. The warrants were valued using the multinominal lattice The value of the warrants was included in the determination of the initial accounting for each financing.

A summary of the warrants issued and their fair values were:

		Upon Issuance				Outstanding at April 30, 2024
Date of Transaction		Number of Warrants		Initial Fair Value		Number of Warrants		Fair Value
	October 2020		399,998	$	267,999		266,666	$	209,938
	January 2021		675,000	$	2,870,666		540,000	$	443,242

To date, we have received $301,248 related to the exercise of 268,332 warrants.

In May 2021, the Company issued warrants to purchase 200,000 shares of common stock to the placement agent of its common stock offering. The warrants have a five-year term and an exercise price of $5.00.

In July 2021, the Company issued warrants to purchase 533,333 shares of common stock to the placement agent of its common stock offering. The warrants have a five-year term and an exercise price of $5.625.

In December 2023, the Company issued warrants to purchase 736,000 shares of common stock to the placement agent of its common stock offering. The warrants have a five-year term and an exercise price of $0.625.

The following table presents the range of assumptions used to estimate the fair values of the stock warrants granted during the fiscal years ended April 30:

	2024			2023
Risk-free interest rate		4.25	%		—
Expected dividend yield		—			—
Expected term (in years)		5.00			—
Expected volatility		205.50	%		—

F-22

The following table summarizes the changes in warrants outstanding since April 30, 2022.

	Number of Shares	Weighted-average Exercise Price per Share		Weighted-average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Balance as of April 30, 2022	1,539,999		3.38		3.89	$	427,533
Granted	—	$	—
Exercised	—		—
Outstanding as of April 30, 2023	1,539,999		3.38		2.89	$	—
Granted	736,000		0.63
Exercised	—		—
Outstanding at April 30, 2024	2,275,999	$	2.49		2.77	$	666,080

Note 19 – Share Based Awards

The 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the "Plan") allows us to incentivize key employees, consultants, and directors with long term compensation awards such as stock options, restricted stock, and restricted stock units (collectively, the "Awards"). The number of shares issuable in connection with Awards under the Plan may not exceed 11,750,000.

A. Options 

The range of assumptions used to calculate the fair value of options granted during the year ended April 30 was:

		2024		2025
Exercise Price	$	0.72 – 1.12	$	0.89 – 2.38
Stock price on date of grant		0.70 – 1.12		0.89 – 2.38
Risk-free interest rate		3.46 – 4.41%		3.34 – 4.18%
Dividend yield		—		—
Expected term (years)		5.28 – 8.25		6.25 – 8.25
Volatility		206.99 – 262.07%		245.57 – 260.06%

A summary of options activity under the Plan since April 30, 2022 was:

	Shares			Weighted-Average Exercise Price		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding as of April 30, 2022		3,694,142		$	2.17		8.56		1,407,545
Granted		1,503,500			1.40
Exercised		—			—
Forfeited or expired		(412,833	)		2.67
Outstanding as of April 30, 2023		4,784,809			1.88		8.72		74,586
Granted		2,903,542			1.02
Exercised		(3,000	)		0.89
Forfeited or expired		(905,417	)		2.27
Outstanding as of April 30, 2024		6,779,934			1.46		8.02		2,762,242
Exercisable as of April 30, 2024		3,578,756		$	1.78		6.77	$	1,246,497

F-23

The aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding options represents the excess of the stock price at the indicated date over the exercise price of each option. As of April 30, 2024 and April 30, 2023, there was $943,648 and $2,940,239 of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested stock options which is expected to be recognized over the weighted average periods of 1.95 and 1.94 years, respectively.

B. Restricted Stock

A summary of restricted stock activity under the Plan since April 30, 2022 was:

	Shares			Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Share
Unvested and outstanding as of April 30, 2022		1,083,675		$	2.59
Granted		780,884			2.14
Vested		(1,062,372	)		2.42
Forfeited		(21,127	)		2.13
Unvested and outstanding as of April 30, 2023		781,060			2.44
Granted		298,643			1.06
Vested		(485,024	)		1.92
Forfeited		(419,549	)		2.09
Unvested and outstanding as of April 30, 2024		175,130		$	2.09

C. Stock Compensation

Stock compensation expense by functional operating expense was:

	2024		2023
Research and development	$	395,105	$	692,947
Sales and marketing		562,110		566,153
General and administrative		2,652,052		2,397,624
Total	$	3,609,267	$	3,656,724

Stock compensation expense pertaining to options totaled $2,619,501 and $1,617,982 for the year ended April 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Stock compensation expense pertaining to restricted stock totaled $989,766 and $2,038,742 for the year ended April 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Note 20 - Related-Party Transactions

In January 2022, the Company entered into a note agreement with an employee in the principal amount of $510,323, as further described in Note 7.

In February 2024, the Company sold Rotor Riot and Fat Shark to Unusual Machines, as further described in Note 3 and Note 9. UMAC’s Chief Executive Officer is a direct relative of a member of the Company’s management.

Additional related party transactions are disclosed in Note 14.

F-24

Note 21 – Commitments and Contingencies  

Legal Proceedings

In the ordinary course of business, we may be involved, at times, in various legal proceedings involving a variety of matters. We do not believe there are any pending legal proceedings that will have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. However, the outcome of such legal matters is inherently unpredictable and subject to significant uncertainties. We have not recorded any litigation reserves as of April 30, 2024.

One pending legal matter is an action filed against Teal and the Company in a U.S. District Court in California. The complaint asserts claims for breach of contract, and the unlawful conversion and sale of shares of common stock that plaintiff alleges to have purchased in Teal prior to its acquisition by the Company. The complaint also alleges breach of fiduciary duty and seeks in excess of $1 million in damages. The Company plans to vigorously assert defenses to the complaint. 

Another pending legal matter is an action filed against Teal in a U.S. District Court in Delaware. The complaint asserts claims for breach of contract which management denies. We are asserting vigorous defenses to the complaint. Additionally, the Company has filed a lawsuit against the complainant for Tortious Interference with Contractual Relations and Prospective Contractual Relations. No discovery or other significant developments in the Lawsuit have occurred.

Note 22 – Subsequent Events

Subsequent events have been evaluated through the date of this filing and there are no subsequent events which require disclosure, except as follows:

As described in Note 3, the SPA pertaining to the divestiture of the Consumer segment provided that the purchase price was to be increased on a dollar-for-dollar basis by the amount by which the working capital exceeded the agreed working capital (the “Working Capital Adjustment”). After negotiations between the parties, it was determined in July 2024 that UMAC owed the Company $2,000,000 as a Working Capital Adjustment.

As a result, UMAC issued the Company $4,000,000 of its 8% Promissory Notes due November 30, 2025 (the “New Notes”) reflecting (i) satisfaction and settlement of working capital adjustments and (ii) a maturity date extension to November 30, 2025.

On July 22, 2024, the Company sold all of its securities in UMAC to two unaffiliated third-party purchasers (the “Purchasers”). As part of the transaction, on July 22, 2024, the Company entered into an Exchange Agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”) with UMAC pursuant to which the Company exchanged 4,250,000 shares of UMAC’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, for 4,250 shares of UMAC’s newly designated Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series A”). The Company sold the Series A and the New Notes to the Purchasers for $4.4 million in cash pursuant to a Purchase Agreement in a transaction that closed on July 22, 2024.

F-25

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

There were no changes in or disagreements with accountants on accounting and financial disclosure.

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures.

Our management, with the participation of our CEO (principal executive officer) and CFO (principal financial officer), has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act, as of April 30, 2024.

The term “disclosure controls and procedures” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) means controls and other procedures of the Company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports, such as this report, that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

Based on that evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of April 30, 2024.  

Management's annual report on internal control over financial reporting.

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurances regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of our consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP. Our accounting policies and internal controls over financial reporting, established and maintained by management, are under the general oversight of the Board’s audit committee.

Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:

• pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets;

• provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and

• provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree or compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management assessed our internal control over financial reporting as of April 30, 2024. The standard measures adopted by management in making its evaluation are the measures in the Internal-Control Integrated Framework published by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (“COSO”) of the Treadway Commission.

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Based on management’s assessment using the COSO criteria, our CEO and CFO concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective, specifically pertaining to the year ended April 30, 2023 for which we restated items related to right of use assets and liabilities as well as the removal of the derivative liabilities. The Company is currently in the process of formalizing narratives and processes which are expected to mitigate these weaknesses, and has hired additional personnel to strengthen the internal control environment. 

Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm.

Because the Company is a non-accelerated filer, this annual report does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by our registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the SEC where registrants that are non-accelerated filers are not required to provide the auditor attestation report.

Changes In Controls Over Financial Reporting.

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) that occurred during the year ended April 30, 2024, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting. 

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

During the fiscal quarter ended April 30, 2024, none of our directors or executive officers adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of Company securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement."

ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

Not applicable.

PART III

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The information required by this Item 10 will be included under the captions “Board of Directors and Corporate Governance,” “Executive Officers,” and “Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports” in our definitive Proxy Statement for the 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year (the “Proxy Statement”) and is incorporated herein by reference.

We have adopted a Corporate Code of Conduct and Ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees which is designed to deter wrongdoing and to promote:

• honest and ethical conduct;

• full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable disclosure in reports and documents that we file with the SEC and in our other public communications;

• compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations, including insider trading compliance; and

• accountability for adherence to the code and prompt internal reporting of violations of the code, including illegal or unethical behavior regarding accounting or auditing practices.

You may obtain a copy of our Corporate Code of Conduct and Ethics on our website at www.redcat.red under Company — Investor Relations — Governance — Governance Documents. The Compliance Committee, which is composed of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, is responsible for reviewing the Corporate Code of Conduct and Ethics and amending as necessary. Any amendments will be disclosed on our website.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION 

The information required by this Item 11 will be included under the captions “Director Compensation Table,” “Non-Employee Director Compensation Arrangements,” and "Executive Compensation" in the Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The information required by this Item 12 will be included under the captions “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” and “2019 Equity Incentive Plan” in the Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The information required by this Item 13 will be included under the captions “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence,” “Director Compensation Table,” “Non-Employee Director Compensation Arrangements,” and “Executive Compensation” in the Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. 

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

The information required by this Item 14 will be included under the caption “Fees Paid to Auditors” in the Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. 

 PART IV

ITEM 15  . EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SCHEDULES. 

Exhibit No.	Description
3.1	Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation, dated July 17, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit B to the Company’s Schedule 14C Information Statement filed with the SEC on July 2, 2019)
3.2	Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC on February 8, 2017)
3.3	Certification of Designation of Series A Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 12, 2018)
3.4	Certification of Designation of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 12, 2018)
3.5	Amendment No. 1 to Certification of Designation of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 12, 2018)
3.6	Certificate of Withdrawal, dated May 13, 2019 of Certification of Designation of the Series A Preferred Stock, dated December 6, 2018, Series E Convertible Preferred Stock, dated January 3, 2018 and the Amendment to the Certification of Designation of the Series E Convertible Preferred Stock, dated January 3, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 16, 2019)
3.7	Certification of Designation of Series A Preferred Stock, dated May 10, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 16, 2019)
3.8	Certification of Designation of Series B Preferred Stock, dated May 10, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 16, 2019)
4.1	Description of Capital Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on August 13, 2020)
4.2#*	Form of Stock Option Agreement
4.3#*	Form of Restricted Share Unit Award Agreement
10.1#*	2019 Equity Incentive Plan
10.2#	First Amendment to Executive Employment Agreement with Jeffrey Thompson (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 22, 2023).
10.3#	First Amendment to Executive Employment Agreement with Allan Evans (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 22, 2023).
10.4	Amendment No. 2 to Share Purchase Agreement Amendment dated March 31, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 14, 2023).
10.5	Form of Registration Rights Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 14, 2023).

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10.6	ATM Sales Agreement with ThinkEquity LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 8, 2023).
10.7	Underwriting Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 8, 2023).
10.8	Amendment No. 3 to Share Purchase Agreement dated September 18, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on December 15, 2023)
10.9	Amendment No. 4 to Share Purchase Agreement with Unusual Machines, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 15, 2023)
10.10	Form of 8% Promissory Note from Unusual Machines, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 15, 2023)
10.11	8% Promissory Note from Unusual Machines, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 22, 2024)
10.12	Form of Registration Rights Agreement with Unusual Machines, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 15, 2023)
10.13	Registration Rights Agreement with Unusual Machines, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 22, 2024)
10.14	Non-Competition Agreement with Unusual Machines, Inc., Rotor Riot, LLC, and Fat Shark Holdings, Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 22, 2024)
10.15	Non-Compete agreement with Allan Evans (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 22, 2024)

10.16#	Addendum to Executive Employment Agreement with Joseph Hernon  (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on March 18, 2024)
10.17#	Addendum #2 to Executive Employment Agreement, between Joseph Hernon and the Company, dated March 15, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 18, 2024)
10.18#	Consulting Services Agreement, between Joseph Hernon and the Company, dated March 15, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 18, 2024)
21.1*	List of Subsidiaries
23.1	Consent of The Crone Law Group, P.C. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 23.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 8, 2023)
23.2*	Consent of dbbmckennon
31.1*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2*	Certification of Principal Financial and Accounting Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1**	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2**	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
97.1*	Clawback Policy
101.INS*	Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH*	Inline XBRL Schema Document
101.CAL*	Inline XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB*	Inline XBRL Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE*	Inline XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*	Inline XBRL Definition Linkbase Document
104*	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

*      Filed herewith.

**    Furnished herewith.

#      Indicates management contract or compensatory plan.

ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY

Not applicable.

63

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunder duly authorized.

	Red Cat Holdings, Inc.
Dated: August 8, 2024	By:	/s/ Jeffrey Thompson
		Jeffrey Thompson Chief Executive Officer and President (Principal Executive Officer)

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Name	Title	Date
/s/ Jeffrey M. Thompson	Chief Executive Officer, President and Director	August 8, 2024
Jeffrey M. Thompson	(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ Leah Lunger	Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary	August 8, 2024
Leah Lunger	(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
/s/ Nicholas Liuzza, Jr.	Director	August 8, 2024
Nicolas Liuzza, Jr.
/s/ Christopher Moe	Director	August 8, 2024
Christopher Moe
/s/ Joseph Freedman	Director	August 8, 2024
Joseph Freedman
/s/ Paul Edward Funk II	Director	August 8, 2024
Paul Edward Funk II

64

EX-4.2

Exhibit 4.2

RED CAT HOLDINGS, INC.
STOCK OPTION GRANT NOTICE AND OPTION AGREEMENT
(2019 Equity Incentive Plan)

As a key leader in our business, you are in a position to have significant influence on the performance and success of Red Cat Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”). I am pleased to inform you that, in recognition of the role you play in our collective success, you have been granted an option to purchase shares of the Company’s Common Stock. This award is subject to the terms and conditions of the Red Cat Holdings, Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, this Grant Notice, and the following Stock Option Agreement. The details of this award are indicated below.

Optionee:
Date of Grant:
Number of Shares subject to the Option:
Exercise Price Per Share:	$___________
Type of Option:	☐ISO ☐Nonqualified Stock Option
Expiration Date:	The tenth (10th) anniversary of the Date of Grant
Vesting:

Red Cat Holdings, Inc., a Nevada corporation

________________________

By:

Its:

RED CAT HOLDINGS, INC

2019 EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN

STOCK OPTION AGREEMENT

THIS STOCK OPTION AGREEMENT (together with the above grant notice (the “Grant Notice”), the “Agreement”) is made and entered into as of the date set forth on the Grant Notice by and between Red Cat Holdings, Inc., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”), and the individual (the “Optionee”) set forth on the Grant Notice.

A. Pursuant to the Red Cat Holdings Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”), the Administrator has determined that it is to the advantage and best interest of the Company to grant to the Optionee an option to purchase the number of Shares (the “Shares”) set forth on the Grant Notice, at the exercise price per Share set forth on the Grant Notice, and in all respects subject to the terms, definitions and provisions of the Plan, which is incorporated herein by reference, and this Agreement (the “Option”).

B. Unless otherwise defined herein, capitalized terms used in this Agreement shall have the meanings set forth in the Plan. For purposes of this Agreement, the following definitions shall apply:

(i) "Disability” shall mean the inability of the Optionee to perform services to the Company due to injury or illness.

(ii) “Termination” shall mean the termination of the employment or service of the Optionee with the Company and all Affiliates thereof (including because of the Optionee’s employer ceasing to be an affiliate of the Company). For purposes of this Agreement, Termination will not occur when Optionee goes on a military leave, a sick leave, or another bona fide leave of absence that was approved by the Company in writing, provided that unless reemployment upon the expiration of such leave is guaranteed by contract or law, such leave is for a period of not more than 3 months; and provided that continued service crediting may be suspended during such leave, unless otherwise required by Applicable Laws. However, Termination will occur when approved leave described in this section ends, unless Grantee immediately returns to active work. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event shall an Option be exercised after the Expiration Date.

(iii) “Termination Date” shall mean the date of the Optionee’s Termination of Service.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual agreements contained herein, the Optionee and the Company hereby agree as follows:

1.Acceptance of Agreement. Optionee has reviewed all of the provisions of the Plan and this Agreement. Optionee hereby agrees to accept as binding, conclusive and final all decisions or interpretations of the Administrator on questions relating to the Plan and this Agreement, and, solely as they relate to this Option, the applicable provisions (if any) contained in a written service agreement (or other agreement) between the Company or an Affiliate and the Optionee. The Optionee’s electronic signature of this Agreement shall have the same validity and effect as a signature affixed by hand.

2.Grant and Terms of Stock Option.

2.1Grant of Option. Pursuant to this Agreement, the Company has granted to the Optionee the right and option to purchase, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Plan and this Agreement, all or any part of the number of Shares set forth on the Grant Notice at a purchase price per Share equal to the exercise price per Share set forth on the Grant Notice. An Option granted pursuant to the Grant Notice and this Agreement shall be [an ISO/a Nonqualified Stock Option].

2.2Vesting and Term of Option. This Section 2.2 is subject to the provisions of the Plan and the other provisions of this Agreement.

2.2.1This Option shall vest and become exercisable as described in the Grant Notice.

2.2.2The “Term” of this Option shall begin on the Date of Grant set forth in the Grant Notice and end on the Expiration Date specified in the Grant Notice. No portion of this Option may be exercised after the expiration of the Term.

2.2.3Except as otherwise provided in the Grant Notice, in the event of Optionee’s Termination for any reason other than death, Disability, or Cause:

2.2.3.1the portion of this Option that is not vested and exercisable as of the Termination Date shall not continue to vest and shall be immediately cancelled and terminated; and

2.2.3.2the portion of this Option that is vested and exercisable as of the Termination Date shall terminate and be cancelled on the earlier of:

(a)the expiration of the Term and

(b)ninety (90) days after such Termination Date.

2.2.4Except as otherwise provided in the Grant Notice, in the event of Termination due to death or Disability:

2.2.4.1the portion of this Option that is not vested and exercisable as of the Termination Date shall not continue to vest and shall be immediately cancelled and terminated; and

2.2.4.2the portion of this Option that is vested and exercisable as of the Termination Date shall terminate and be cancelled on the earlier of (a) the expiration of the Term and (b) the date that is twelve (12) months after the Termination Date.

2.2.5In the event of Optionee’s Termination for Cause, or if, after the Termination, the Administrator determines that Cause existed before such Termination, this entire Option shall not continue to vest, shall be cancelled and terminated as of the Termination Date, and shall no longer be exercisable as to any Shares, whether or not previously vested.

3.Method of Exercise.

3.1Method of Exercise. Each election to exercise the Option shall be subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan and shall be in writing, signed by the Optionee or by his or her executor, administrator, or permitted transferee (subject to any restrictions provided under the Plan), made pursuant to and in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth in the Plan and received by the Company at its principal offices, accompanied by payment in full as provided in the Plan or in this Agreement. Notwithstanding any of the foregoing, the Administrator shall have the right to specify all conditions of the manner of exercise. Upon the Company’s determination that the Option has been validly exercised as to any of the Shares, the Company may issue certificates in the Optionee’s name for such Shares. However, the Company shall not be liable to the Optionee for damages relating to any reasonable delays in issuing the certificates to the Optionee, any loss of the certificates, or any mistakes or errors in the issuance of the certificates or in the certificates themselves which it promptly undertakes to correct.

3.2Restrictions on Exercise. No Shares will be issued pursuant to the exercise of this Option unless and until there shall have been full compliance with all applicable requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 (“Securities Act”), as amended (whether by registration or satisfaction of exemption conditions), all applicable listing requirements of any national securities exchange or other market system on which the Common Stock is then listed and all applicable requirements of any Applicable Laws and of any regulatory bodies having jurisdiction over such issuance. As a condition to the exercise of this Option, the Company may require the Optionee to make any representation and warranty to the Company as may be necessary or appropriate, in the judgment of the Administrator, to comply with any Applicable Law. In addition, Optionee shall not sell any Shares acquired upon exercise of this Option at a time when Applicable Laws, regulations or Company’s or underwriter trading policies prohibit such sale. Any other provision of this Agreement notwithstanding, the Company shall have the right to designate one or more periods of time, each of which shall not exceed 180 days in length, during which this Option shall not be exercisable if the Administrator determines (in its sole discretion) that such limitation on exercise could in any way facilitate a lessening of any restriction on transfer pursuant to the Securities Act or any state securities laws with respect to any issuance of securities by the Company, facilitate the registration or qualification of any securities by the Company under the Securities Act or any state securities laws, or facilitate the perfection of any exemption from the registration or qualification requirements of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities laws for the issuance or transfer of any securities. Such limitation on exercise shall not alter the vesting schedule set forth in this Agreement other than to limit the periods during which this Option shall be exercisable.

3.3Method of Payment. Payment of the exercise price shall be made in full at the time of exercise (a) by the delivery of cash or check acceptable to the Administrator, including an amount to cover the withholding taxes (as provided in Section 7.12) with respect to such exercise, or (b) any other method, if any, approved by the Administrator, including (i) by means of consideration received under any cashless exercise procedure, if any, approved by the Administrator (including the withholding of Shares otherwise issuable upon exercise) or (ii) any other form of consideration approved by the Administrator and permitted by Applicable Laws.

3.4No Rights as a Shareholder. Until the Shares are issued to the Optionee (as evidenced by the appropriate entry on the books of the Company or of a duly authorized transfer agent of the Company), no right to vote or receive dividends or any other rights as a shareholder will exist with respect to the Shares, notwithstanding the exercise of the Option.

4.Non-Transferability of Option. Except as provided below, this Option may not be sold, assigned or transferred in any manner, pledged or otherwise encumbered other than by will or by the laws of descent or distribution or to a beneficiary designated pursuant to the Plan, and may be exercised during the lifetime of Optionee only by Optionee or the Optionee’s guardian or legal representative. Subject to all of the other terms and conditions of this Agreement, following the death of Optionee, this Option may, to the extent it is vested and exercisable by Optionee in accordance with its terms on the Termination Date, be exercised by Optionee’s executor or administrator, or the person or persons to whom the Optionee’s rights under this Agreement shall pass by will or by the laws of descent and distribution as the case may be. Any heir or legatee of the Optionee shall take rights herein granted subject to the terms and conditions hereof.

5.Restrictions; Restrictive Legends. Ownership and transfer of Shares issued pursuant to the exercise of this Option will be subject to the provisions of, including ownership and transfer restrictions contained in, the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws, as amended from time to time, restrictions imposed by Applicable Laws and restrictions set forth or referenced in legends imprinted on certificates representing such Shares.

6.Dissolution or Liquidation. In the event of the proposed dissolution or liquidation of the Company, to the extent that this Option had not been previously exercised, it will terminate immediately prior to the consummation of such proposed dissolution or liquidation. In such instance, the Administrator may, in the exercise of its sole discretion, declare that this Option will terminate as of a date fixed by the Administrator and give the Optionee the right to exercise this Option prior to such date as to all or any part of the optioned stock, including Shares as to which this Option would not otherwise be exercisable.

7.General.

7.1Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed under the laws of the State of Nevada applicable to agreements made and to be performed entirely in Nevada, without regard to the conflicts of law provisions of Nevada or any other jurisdiction.

7.2Community Property. Without prejudice to the actual rights of the spouses as between each other, for all purposes of this Agreement, the Optionee shall be treated as agent and attorney-in-fact for that interest held or claimed by his or her spouse with respect to this Option and the parties hereto shall act in all matters as if the Optionee was the sole owner of this Option. This appointment is coupled with an interest and is irrevocable.

7.3No Employment Rights. Nothing herein contained shall be construed as an agreement by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, express or implied, to employ the Optionee or contract for the Optionee’s services, to restrict the Company’s or such Subsidiary’s right to discharge the Optionee or cease contracting for the Optionee’s services or to modify, extend or otherwise affect in any manner whatsoever the terms of any service agreement (or other agreement) or contract for services which may exist between the Optionee and the Company or any Affiliate.

7.4Application to Other Stock. In the event any capital stock of the Company or any other corporation shall be distributed on, with respect to, or in exchange for Shares as a stock dividend, stock split, reclassification or recapitalization in connection with any merger or reorganization or otherwise, all restrictions, rights and obligations set forth in this Agreement shall apply with respect to such other capital stock to the same extent as they are, or would have been applicable, to the Shares on or with respect to which such other capital stock was distributed, and references to “Company” in respect of such distributed stock shall be deemed to refer to the company to which such distributed stock relates.

7.5No Third-Party Benefits. Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement, none of the provisions of this Agreement shall be for the benefit of, or enforceable by, any third-party beneficiary.

7.6Successors and Assigns. Except as provided herein to the contrary, this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties, their respective successors and permitted assigns.

7.7No Assignment. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, the Optionee may not assign any of his or her rights under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the Company, which consent may be withheld in its sole discretion. The Company shall be permitted to assign its rights or obligations under this Agreement so long as such assignee agrees to perform all of the Company’s obligations hereunder.

7.8Severability. The validity, legality or enforceability of the remainder of this Agreement shall not be affected even if one or more of the provisions of this Agreement shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect.

7.9Equitable Relief. The Optionee acknowledges that, in the event of a threatened or actual breach of any of the provisions of this Agreement, damages alone will be an inadequate remedy, and such breach will cause the Company great, immediate and irreparable injury and damage. Accordingly, the Optionee agrees that the Company shall be entitled to injunctive and other equitable relief, and that such relief shall be in addition to, and not in lieu of, any remedies it may have at law or under this Agreement.

7.10Jurisdiction. Any suit, action or proceeding with respect to this Agreement, or any judgment entered by any court in respect of any thereof, shall be brought in any court of competent jurisdiction in the State of Nevada, and the Company and the Optionee hereby submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of such courts for the purpose of any such suit, action, proceeding or judgment. The Optionee and the Company hereby irrevocably waive (i) any objections which it may now or hereafter have to the laying of the venue of any suit, action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement brought in any court of competent jurisdiction in the State of Nevada, (ii) any claim that any such suit, action or proceeding brought in any such court has been brought in any inconvenient forum and (iii) any right to a jury trial.

7.11Notice. Any notice to the Company provided for in this Agreement shall be addressed to the Company in care of its Secretary at its principal executive offices or at such other address as to which the Company shall have notified Optionee in writing, and any notice to the Optionee shall be addressed to such Optionee at the current address shown on the payroll of the Company or its respective Affiliate, or to such other address as the Optionee may designate to the Company. Any notice shall be delivered by hand or by a recognized courier service such as FedEx or UPS, sent by telecopy, or enclosed in a properly sealed envelope addressed as stated above, registered and deposited, postage prepaid, in a post office regularly maintained by the United States Postal Service.

7.12Taxes. By agreeing to this Agreement, the Optionee acknowledges and agrees that the Company has not made any warranties or representations to the Optionee with respect to the tax consequences of the grant of the Option hereunder, and the Optionee is in no manner relying on the Company or its representatives for an assessment of such tax consequences. The Optionee is advised to consult with his or her own tax advisor with respect to such tax consequences of the grant. The Company shall be entitled to require a cash payment by or on behalf of the Optionee and/or to deduct from the Shares or cash otherwise issuable hereunder or other compensation payable to the Optionee the minimum amount of any sums required by federal, state or local tax law to be withheld (or other such sums that will not cause adverse accounting consequences for the Company and is permitted under applicable withholding rules promulgated by the Internal Revenue Service or another applicable governmental entity) in respect of the Option, its exercise or any payment or transfer under or with respect to the Option.

7.13Headings. The section headings in this Agreement are inserted only as a matter of convenience, and in no way define, limit, extend or interpret the scope of this Agreement or of any particular section.

7.14Number and Gender. Throughout this Agreement, as the context may require, (a) the masculine gender includes the feminine and the neuter gender includes the masculine and the feminine; (b) the singular tense and number includes the plural, and the plural tense and number includes the singular; (c) the past tense includes the present, and the present tense includes the past; (d) references to parties, sections, paragraphs and exhibits mean the parties, sections, paragraphs and exhibits of and to this Agreement; and (e) periods of days, weeks or months mean calendar days, weeks or months.

7.15Acknowledgments of Optionee. Optionee has reviewed the Plan and this Agreement in their entirety, has had an opportunity to obtain the advice of counsel prior to executing this Agreement, fully understands all provisions of the Plan and this Agreement and, by accepting the Notice of Grant, acknowledges and agrees to all of the provisions of the Grant Notice, the Plan and this Agreement.

7.16Complete Agreement. The Grant Notice, this Stock Option Agreement, the Plan, and the applicable provisions (if any) contained in a written service agreement (or other agreement) between the Company or an Affiliate and the Optionee constitute the parties’ entire agreement with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersede all agreements, representations, warranties, statements, promises and understandings, whether oral or written, with respect to the subject matter hereof. In the event of any inconsistency between the Plan and this Agreement, the terms of the Plan shall control.

7.17Waiver. The Optionee acknowledges that a waiver by the Company of a breach of any provision of this Agreement shall not operate or be construed as a waiver of any other provision of this Agreement, or of any subsequent breach by the Optionee.

7.18Signature in Counterparts. This Agreement may be signed in counterparts, each of which shall be an original, with the same effect as if the signatures thereto and hereto were upon the same instrument.

7.19Amendments and Termination. To the extent permitted by the Plan, this Agreement may be wholly or partially amended, altered or terminated at any time or from time to time by the Administrator or the Board, but (unless otherwise permitted in the Plan) no amendment, alteration or termination shall be made that would materially impair the rights of an Optionee under the Option without such Optionee’s consent.

7.20Waiver of Jury Trial. TO THE EXTENT EITHER PARTY INITIATES LITIGATION INVOLVING THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY ASPECT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN US (EVEN IF OTHER PARTIES OR OTHER CLAIMS ARE INCLUDED IN SUCH LITIGATION), ALL OF THE PARTIES WAIVE THEIR RIGHT TO A TRIAL BY JURY. THIS WAIVER WILL APPLY TO ALL CAUSES OF ACTION THAT ARE OR MIGHT BE INCLUDED IN SUCH ACTION, INCLUDING CLAIMS RELATED TO THE ENFORCEMENT OR INTERPRETATION OF THIS AGREEMENT, ALLEGATIONS OF STATE OR FEDERAL STATUTORY VIOLATIONS, FRAUD, MISREPRESENTATION, OR SIMILAR CAUSES OF ACTION, AND IN CONNECTION WITH ANY LEGAL ACTION INITIATED FOR THE RECOVERY OF DAMAGES BETWEEN OR AMONG US OR BETWEEN OR AMONG ANY OF OUR OWNERS, AFFILIATES, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES OR AGENTS.

7.21Electronic Delivery and Disclosure. The Company may, in its sole discretion, decide to deliver or disclose, as applicable, any documents related to this Option granted under the Plan, future awards that may be granted under the Plan, the prospectus related to the Plan, the Company’s annual reports or proxy statements by electronic means or to request Optionee’s consent to participate in the Plan by electronic means, including, but not limited to, the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval system or any successor system (“EDGAR”). Optionee hereby consents to receive such documents delivered electronically or to retrieve such documents furnished electronically (including on EDGAR), as applicable, and agrees to participate in the Plan through any online or electronic system established and maintained by the Company or another third party designated by the Company.

7.22Data Privacy. Optionee agrees that all of Optionee’s information that is described or referenced in this Agreement and the Plan may be used by the Company, its affiliates and the designated broker and its affiliates to administer and manage Optionee’s participation in the Plan.

7.23Section 409A. The parties intend for the Option to be exempt from Section 409A of the Code or, if not so exempt, to be treated in a manner which complies with the requirements of such section, and intend that this Agreement be construed and administered in accordance with such intention. In the event that the parties determine that the terms of this Agreement or the Option needs to be modified in order to comply with Section 409A of the Code, the parties shall cooperate reasonably to do so in a manner intended to best preserve the economic benefits of this Agreement. Any payments that qualify for the “short-term deferral” exception or another exception under Section 409A of the Code shall be paid under the applicable exception. For purposes of the limitations on nonqualified deferred compensation under Section 409A of the Code, each payment of compensation under this Agreement shall be treated as a separate payment of compensation. Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, to the extent required in order to avoid accelerated taxation and/or tax penalties under Section 409A of the Code, amounts that would otherwise be payable and benefits that would otherwise be provided pursuant to this Agreement during the six-month period immediately following the Optionee’s separation from service shall instead be paid on the first business day after the date that is six months following the Optionee’s termination date (or death, if earlier).

7.24Section 280G. In the event that the benefits provided for in this Agreement or otherwise payable hereunder (a) constitute “parachute payments” within the meaning of Section 280G of the Code; and (b) would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Code (the “Excise Tax”), then the parties hereto will cooperate to ensure that the benefits hereunder will be either (i) delivered in full; or (ii) delivered as to such lesser extent which would result in no portion of such benefits being subject to the Excise Tax, whichever of the foregoing amounts, taking into account the applicable federal, state and local income taxes and the Excise Tax, results in the Optionee’s receipt on an after-tax basis of the greatest amount of benefits, notwithstanding that all or some portion of such benefits may be taxable under Section 4999 of the Code. Unless mutually agreed in writing, any determination required under this section shall be made at no expense to Optionee in writing by the Company’s independent public accountants, whose determination shall be conclusive and binding

7.25Clawback of Incentive Compensation. Executives shall be subject to the Company’s Policy on Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation, as filed as filed as Exhibit 97 to Company’s Form 10-K for the last Company fiscal year as such policy may be amended or replaced by the Company from time to time (the “Clawback Policy”).

EX-4.3

Exhibit 4.3

RED CAT HOLDINGS, INC.
RESTRICTED SHARE UNIT AWARD GRANT NOTICE
(2019 Equity Incentive Plan)

As a key leader in our business, you are in a position to have significant influence on the performance and success of Red Cat Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”). I am pleased to inform you that, in recognition of the role you play in our collective success, you have been granted a RSU award (the “Restricted Share Unit Award”). This award is subject to the terms and conditions of the Red Cat Holdings, Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, this Grant Notice, and the following Restricted Share Unit Award Agreement. The details of this award are indicated below.

Grantee:

Date of Grant:

Number of Restricted Share Units (RSUs):

Vesting Commencement Date:

Vesting:

Delivery Dates:

Red Cat Holdings, Inc., a Nevada corporation

________________________

By:

Its:

Acknowledged and Agreed as of this _____ day of __________, 20[__].

Name: ______________________________

RED CAT HOLDINGS, INC

2019 EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN

RESTRICTED SHARE UNIT AWARD AGREEMENT

THIS RESTRICTED SHARE UNIT AWARD AGREEMENT (together with the above grant notice (the “Grant Notice”), this “Agreement”) is made and entered into as of the date set forth on the Grant Notice by and between the Company and the individual (the “Grantee”) set forth on the Grant Notice.

WHEREAS, pursuant to the Plan, the Company has determined that it is to the advantage and best interest of the Company to grant to the Grantee this award of restricted share units (the “RSUs” or “Restricted Share Units”) as set forth in the Grant Notice and subject to the terms and provisions of the Plan, which is incorporated herein by reference, and this Agreement (the “Award”).

WHEREAS, unless otherwise defined herein, capitalized terms used in this Agreement shall have the meanings set forth in the Plan. For purposes of this Agreement, the following definitions shall apply:

(i) “Termination” shall mean the termination of the employment or service of the Grantee with the Company and all Affiliates thereof (including because of the Grantee’s employer ceasing to be an affiliate of the Company). For purposes of this Agreement, Termination will not occur when Grantee goes on a military leave, a sick leave, or another bona fide leave of absence that was approved by the Company in writing, provided that unless reemployment upon the expiration of such leave is guaranteed by contract or law, such leave is for a period of not more than 3 months; and provided that continued service crediting may be suspended during such leave, unless otherwise required by Applicable Laws. However, Termination will occur when approved leave described in this section ends, unless Grantee immediately returns to active work.

(ii) “Termination Date” shall mean the date of the Grantee’s Termination of Service.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual agreements contained herein, the Grantee and the Company hereby agree as follows:

1.Acceptance of Agreement. Grantee has reviewed all of the provisions of the Plan, the Grant Notice and this Restricted Share Unit Award Agreement. By accepting this Award, Grantee agrees that this Award is granted under and governed by the terms and conditions of the Plan, the Grant Notice and this Restricted Share Unit Award Agreement, and the applicable provisions contained in a written service agreement (if any) between the Company or an affiliate and the Grantee. Grantee hereby agrees to accept as binding, conclusive and final all decisions or interpretations of the Committee on questions relating to the Plan, the Grant Notice, this Agreement and, solely in so far as they relate to this Award, the applicable provisions contained in a written service agreement (if any) between the Company or an affiliate and the Grantee. If Grantee signs this Agreement and Grant Notice electronically, Grantee’s electronic signature of this Agreement shall have the same validity and effect as a signature affixed by hand.

2.Grant of Award. Pursuant to this Agreement, the Company has granted to the Grantee the Restricted Share Units, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Plan and this Agreement.

3.Vesting.

3.1Subject to the provisions of the Plan and Section 3.2 of this Agreement, and except as otherwise provided in a written service agreement (or other agreement) between the Company or an affiliate and the Grantee (if any), the Restricted Share Units shall vest in installments as described in the Grant Notice, subject to the Grantee not experiencing a Termination prior to each applicable Vesting Date (as such term is defined in the Grant Notice).

3.2Except as otherwise provided in the Plan or in a written service agreement (or other agreement) between the Company and the Grantee (if any), if the Grantee experiences a Termination for any reason prior to an applicable Vesting Date, as of the Termination Date, the Grantee shall forfeit any unvested Restricted Share Units.

3.3Transfer and Settlement of Restricted Share Units. The Restricted Share Units issued under this Agreement may not be sold, transferred or otherwise disposed of and may not be pledged or otherwise hypothecated (each, a “Transfer”). In addition, Grantee shall not sell any Shares received with respect to Restricted Share Units (even following settlement of Restricted Share Units) at a time when applicable laws, regulations or Company’s or underwriter trading policies prohibit such sale. The applicable portion of this Award (to the extent vested) shall be settled by the Company by the issuance and delivery of Shares as soon as reasonably practical after (but no later than [60] days after) the Delivery Dates, as indicated in the Grant Notice, to the Grantee (or if applicable, the beneficiaries of the Grantee). Any issuance of Shares shall be made only in whole Shares, and any fractional shares shall be distributed in an equivalent cash amount.

4.       Dividends. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan and this Agreement, as well as any procedures established by the Administrator, prior to the expiration of the applicable vesting period of an RSU, the Administrator may determine to pay dividend equivalent rights with respect to RSUs, in which case, the Company shall establish an account for the Grantee and reflect in that account any securities, cash or other property comprising any dividend or property distribution with respect to the shares of Common Stock underlying each Restricted Share Unit. Each amount or other property credited to any such account shall be subject to the same vesting conditions as the Restricted Share Unit to which it relates. The Grantee shall have the right to be paid the amounts or other property credited to such account upon vesting of the subject Restricted Share Unit.

5.General.

5.1Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed under the laws of the State of Nevada applicable to agreements made and to be performed entirely in Nevada, without regard to the conflicts of law provisions of Nevada or any other jurisdiction.

5.2Community Property. Without prejudice to the actual rights of the spouses as between each other, for all purposes of this Agreement, the Grantee shall be treated as agent and attorney-in-fact for that interest held or claimed by his or her spouse with respect to this Award and the parties hereto shall act in all matters as if the Grantee was the sole owner of this Award. This appointment is coupled with an interest and is irrevocable.

5.3No Employment Rights. Nothing contained herein shall be construed as an agreement by the Company or any of its subsidiaries, express or implied, to employ the Grantee or contract for the Grantee’s services, to restrict the Company’s or such subsidiary’s right to discharge the Grantee or cease contracting for the Grantee’s services or to modify, extend or otherwise affect in any manner whatsoever the terms of any service agreement (or other agreement) or contract for services which may exist between the Grantee and the Company or any affiliate.

5.4Application to Other Stock. In the event any capital stock of the Company or any other corporation shall be distributed on, with respect to or in exchange for Shares underlying Restricted Share Units as a stock dividend, stock split, reclassification, recapitalization or similar transaction in connection with any merger or reorganization or otherwise, all restrictions, rights and obligations set forth in this Agreement shall apply with respect to such other capital stock to the same extent as they are, or would have been applicable, to the Shares underlying Restricted Share Units on or with respect to which such other capital stock was distributed, and references to “Company” in respect of such distributed stock shall be deemed to refer to the company to which such distributed stock relates.

5.5No Third-Party Benefits. Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement, none of the provisions of this Agreement shall be for the benefit of, or enforceable by, any third-party beneficiary.

5.6Successors and Assigns. Except as provided herein to the contrary, this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties, their respective successors and permitted assigns.

5.7No Assignment. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, the Grantee may not assign any of his or her rights under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the Company, which consent may be withheld in its sole discretion. The Company shall be permitted to assign its rights or obligations under this Agreement so long as such assignee agrees to perform all of the Company’s obligations hereunder.

5.8Severability. The validity, legality or enforceability of the remainder of this Agreement shall not be affected even if one or more of the provisions of this Agreement shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect.

5.9Equitable Relief. The Grantee acknowledges that, in the event of a threatened or actual breach of any of the provisions of this Agreement, damages alone will be an inadequate remedy, and such breach will cause the Company great, immediate and irreparable injury and damage. Accordingly, the Grantee agrees that the Company shall be entitled to injunctive and other equitable relief, and that such relief shall be in addition to, and not in lieu of, any remedies it may have at law or under this Agreement.

5.10Jurisdiction. Any suit, action or proceeding with respect to this Agreement, or any judgment entered by any court in respect of any thereof, shall be brought in any court of competent jurisdiction in the State of Nevada, and the Company and the Grantee hereby submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of such courts for the purpose of any such suit, action, proceeding or judgment. The Grantee and the Company hereby irrevocably waive (i) any objections which it may now or hereafter have to the laying of the venue of any suit, action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement brought in any court of competent jurisdiction in the State of Nevada and (ii) any claim that any such suit, action or proceeding brought in any such court has been brought in any inconvenient forum.

5.11Notice. Any notice to the Company provided for in this Agreement shall be addressed to the Company in care of its Secretary at its principal executive offices or at such other address as to which the Company shall have notified Grantee in writing, and any notice to the Grantee shall be addressed to such Grantee at the current address shown on the payroll of the Company or its respective Affiliate, or to such other address as the Grantee may designate to the Company. Any notice shall be delivered by hand or by a recognized courier service such as FedEx or UPS, sent by telecopy, or enclosed in a properly sealed envelope addressed as stated above, registered and deposited, postage prepaid, in a post office regularly maintained by the United States Postal Service.

5.12Taxes. By agreeing to this Agreement, the Grantee acknowledges and agrees that the Company has not made any warranties or representations to the Grantee with respect to the tax consequences of the grant of the Restricted Share Units hereunder, and the Grantee is in no manner relying on the Company or its representatives for an assessment of such tax consequences. The Grantee is advised to consult with his or her own tax advisor with respect to such tax consequences of the grant. The Company shall be entitled to require a cash payment by or on behalf of the Grantee and/or to deduct from the Shares or cash issuable hereunder or from other compensation payable to the Grantee the minimum amount of any sums required by federal, state or local tax law to be withheld (or other such sums that that will not cause adverse accounting consequences for the Company and is permitted under applicable withholding rules promulgated by the Internal Revenue Service or another applicable governmental entity) with respect to the Restricted Share Unit Award.

5.13Headings. The section headings in this Agreement are inserted only as a matter of convenience, and in no way define, limit, extend or interpret the scope of this Agreement or of any particular section.

5.14Number and Gender. Throughout this Agreement, as the context may require, (a) the masculine gender includes the feminine and the neuter gender includes the masculine and the feminine; (b) the singular tense and number includes the plural, and the plural tense and number includes the singular; (c) the past tense includes the present, and the present tense includes the past; (d) references to parties, sections, paragraphs and exhibits mean the parties, sections, paragraphs and exhibits of and to this Agreement; and (e) periods of days, weeks or months mean calendar days, weeks or months.

5.15Acknowledgments of Grantee. Grantee has reviewed the Plan and this Agreement in their entirety, has had an opportunity to obtain the advice of counsel prior to executing this Agreement, fully understands all provisions of the Plan and this Agreement and, by accepting the Grant Notice, acknowledges and agrees to all of the provisions of the Plan and this Agreement.

5.16Complete Agreement. The Grant Notice, this Agreement, the Plan and applicable provisions (if any) contained in a written service agreement (or other agreement) between the Company or an affiliate and the Grantee constitute the parties’ entire agreement with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersede all agreements, representations, warranties, statements, promises and understandings, whether oral or written, with respect to the subject matter hereof. Notwithstanding the forgoing and for avoidance of doubt, in the event that any of the terms of this Agreement conflicts with the Plan, then the terms of the Plan shall govern. In the event that any of the terms of this Agreement or the Plan conflicts with an applicable employment agreement for the Grantee, then the terms of the applicable employee agreement of the Grantee shall govern.

5.17Waiver. The Grantee acknowledges that a waiver by the Company of a breach of any provision of this Agreement shall not operate or be construed as a waiver of any other provision of this Agreement, or of any subsequent breach by the Grantee.

5.18Signature in Counterparts. This Agreement may be signed in counterparts, each of which shall be an original, with the same effect as if the signatures thereto and hereto were upon the same instrument.

5.19Amendments and Termination. To the extent permitted by the Plan, this Agreement may be wholly or partially amended, altered or terminated at any time or from time to time by the Committee or the Board, but (unless otherwise permitted in the Plan) no amendment, alteration or termination shall be made that would materially impair the rights of a Grantee under this Restricted Share Unit Award Agreement without such Grantee’s consent.

5.20Waiver of Jury Trial. TO THE EXTENT EITHER PARTY INITIATES LITIGATION INVOLVING THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY ASPECT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN US (EVEN IF OTHER PARTIES OR OTHER CLAIMS ARE INCLUDED IN SUCH LITIGATION), ALL OF THE PARTIES WAIVE THEIR RIGHT TO A TRIAL BY JURY. THIS WAIVER WILL APPLY TO ALL CAUSES OF ACTION THAT ARE OR MIGHT BE INCLUDED IN SUCH ACTION, INCLUDING CLAIMS RELATED TO THE ENFORCEMENT OR INTERPRETATION OF THIS AGREEMENT, ALLEGATIONS OF STATE OR FEDERAL STATUTORY VIOLATIONS, FRAUD, MISREPRESENTATION, OR SIMILAR CAUSES OF ACTION, AND IN CONNECTION WITH ANY LEGAL ACTION INITIATED FOR THE RECOVERY OF DAMAGES BETWEEN OR AMONG US OR BETWEEN OR AMONG ANY OF OUR OWNERS, AFFILIATES, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES OR AGENTS.

5.21Electronic Delivery and Disclosure. The Company may, in its sole discretion, decide to deliver or disclose, as applicable, any documents related to this Award granted under the Plan, future awards that may be granted under the Plan, the prospectus related to the Plan, the Company’s annual reports or proxy statements by electronic means or to request Grantee’s consent to participate in the Plan by electronic means, including, but not limited to, the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval system or any successor system (“EDGAR”). Grantee hereby consents to receive such documents delivered electronically or to retrieve such documents furnished electronically (including on EDGAR), as applicable, and agrees to participate in the Plan through any online or electronic system established and maintained by the Company or another third party designated by the Company.

5.22Data Privacy. Grantee agrees that all of Grantee’s information that is described or referenced in this Agreement and the Plan may be used by the Company, its affiliates and the designated broker and its affiliates to administer and manage Grantee’s participation in the Plan.

5.23Section 409A Compliance. The parties intend for the Award to be exempt from Section 409A of the Code or, if not so exempt, to be treated in a manner which complies with the requirements of such section, and intend that this Agreement be construed and administered in accordance with such intention. In the event that the parties determine that the terms of this Agreement or the Award needs to be modified in order to comply with Section 409A of the Code, the parties shall cooperate reasonably to do so in a manner intended to best preserve the economic benefits of this Agreement. Any payments that qualify for the “short-term deferral” exception or another exception under Section 409A of the Code shall be paid under the applicable exception. For purposes of the limitations on nonqualified deferred compensation under Section 409A of the Code, each payment of compensation under this Agreement shall be treated as a separate payment of compensation. Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, to the extent required in order to avoid accelerated taxation and/or tax penalties under Section 409A of the Code, amounts that would otherwise be payable and benefits that would otherwise be provided pursuant to this Agreement during the six-month period immediately following the Grantee’s separation from service shall instead be paid on the first business day after the date that is six months following the Grantee’s termination date (or death, if earlier).

5.24Section 280G. In the event that the benefits provided for in this Agreement or otherwise payable hereunder (a) constitute “parachute payments” within the meaning of Section 280G of the Code; and (b) would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Code (the “Excise Tax”), then the parties hereto will cooperate to ensure that the benefits hereunder will be either (i) delivered in full; or (ii) delivered as to such lesser extent which would result in no portion of such benefits being subject to the Excise Tax, whichever of the foregoing amounts, taking into account the applicable federal, state and local income taxes and the Excise Tax, results in the Grantee’s receipt on an after-tax basis of the greatest amount of benefits, notwithstanding that all or some portion of such benefits may be taxable under Section 4999 of the Code. Unless mutually agreed in writing, any determination required under this section shall be made at no expense to Grantee in writing by the Company’s independent public accountants, whose determination shall be conclusive and binding.

5.25Clawback of Incentive Compensation. Executives shall be subject to the Company’s Policy on Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation, as filed as Exhibit 97 to Company’s Form 10-K for the last Company fiscal year as such policy may be amended or replaced by the Company from time to time (the “Clawback Policy”).

EX-10.1

Exhibit 10.1

RED CAT HOLDINGS, INC.

2019 EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN

INCENTIVE STOCK OPTION AGREEMENT

This INCENTIVE STOCK OPTION AGREEMENT (the “Option Agreement”), dated as of the 29th day of April, 2023 (the “Grant Date”), is between Red Cat Holdings, Inc., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”), and _____________ (the “Optionee”), an Eligible Person as defined in the Red Cat Holdings, Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”).

WHEREAS, the Company desires to give the Optionee the opportunity to purchase shares of common stock of the Company, par value $0.001 (“Common Shares”) in accordance with the provisions of the Plan, a copy of which is attached hereto;

NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants hereinafter set forth and for other good and valuable consideration, the parties hereto, intending to be legally bound hereby, agree as follows:

1.       Grant of Option. The Company hereby grants to the Optionee the right and option (the “Option”) to purchase all or any part of an aggregate of ______ Common Shares. The Option is in all respects limited and conditioned as hereinafter provided, and is subject in all respects to the terms and conditions of the Plan now in effect and as it may be amended from time to time (but only to the extent that such amendments apply to outstanding options). Such terms and conditions are incorporated herein by reference, made a part hereof, and shall control in the event of any conflict with any other terms of this Option Agreement. The Option granted hereunder shall constitute and be treated at all times by you and the Company as an incentive stock option (“ISO”) as defined under Section 422(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

Any part of the Option which does not qualify to be an “incentive stock option” due to the annual vesting limitation of $100,000 shall be classified as a non-qualified stock option (“NQSO”) and not an ISO.

2.       Exercise Price. The exercise price of the Common Shares covered by this Option shall be $____ per share, which shall not be less than 100% of the fair market value of one share of Common Stock on the Grant Date. If the Optionee is the holder of ten percent (10%) or more of the Company’s voting stock, the exercise price is not less than 110% of the fair market value of one share of Common Stock on the Grant Date.

3.       Term. Unless earlier terminated pursuant to any provision of the Plan or of this Option Agreement, this Option shall expire on the date which is ten years from the Grant Date (the “Expiration Date”). If the Optionee is the holder of ten percent (10%) or more of the Company’s voting stock, this Option shall expire on the date which is 5 years from the Grant Date. In the event that the Optionee has terminated service prior to the Expiration Date, then the Expiration Date shall be adjusted to that date which is three months from the date of the termination of service.

4.       Exercise of Option. The Optionee shall have the right to purchase from the Company, on and after the following dates, the following number of Common Shares, provided the Optionee has not terminated his or her service as of the applicable vesting date:

Date Installment Becomes Exercisable Number of Common Shares

The Board of Directors of the Company, or its Compensation Committee, if any, may accelerate any exercise date of the Option, in its discretion, if it deems such acceleration to be desirable. Once the Option becomes exercisable, it will remain exercisable until it is exercised or until it terminates.

The exercise of this option will affect your personal income taxes. You should consult with a tax advisor or otherwise educate yourself regarding how the exercise of any of these stock options will impact your personal income taxes.

5.       Method of Exercising Option. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Option Agreement and the Plan, the Option may be exercised by written notice to the Company at its principal office, which is presently located at 15 Ave. Munoz Rivera, STE 2200, Puerto Rico 00901. The form of such notice is attached hereto and shall state the election to exercise the Option and the number of whole shares with respect to which it is being exercised; shall be signed by the person or persons so exercising the Option; and shall be accompanied by payment of the full exercise price of such shares. Only full shares will be issued.

The exercise price shall be paid to the Company –

(a)in cash, or by certified check, bank draft, or postal or express money order;

(b)through the delivery of Common Shares previously acquired by the Optionee;

(c)by delivering a properly executed notice of exercise of the Option to the Company and a broker, with irrevocable instructions to the broker promptly to deliver to the Company the amount necessary to pay the exercise price of the Option;

(d)in Common Shares newly acquired by the Optionee upon exercise of the Option. Under this method, the Optionee may provide payment by having the Company withhold that number of shares associated with this exercise with a fair value equal to the required payment.  (For example, an exercise of 1,000 options with an exercise price of $2.00 would require a payment of $2,000.  If the Company’s stock price is $4.00 at this time, then $2,000 / $4.00 = 500 which is the number of shares that will be withheld by the Company to provide payment for the exercise.  This results in the net issuance of 1,000 - 500 = 500 shares of common stock);

(e)in any combination of (a), (b), (c), or (d) above.

Upon receipt of notice of exercise and payment, the Company shall deliver a certificate or certificates representing the Common Shares with respect to which the Option is so exercised. The Optionee shall obtain the rights of a stockholder upon receipt of a certificate(s) representing such Common Shares.

Such certificate(s) shall be registered in the name of the person so exercising the Option (or, if the Option is exercised by the Optionee and if the Optionee so requests in the notice exercising the Option, shall be registered in the name of the Optionee and the Optionee’s spouse, jointly, with right of survivorship), and shall be delivered as provided above to, or upon the written order of, the person exercising the Option. In the event the Option is exercised by any person after the death or disability (as determined in accordance with Section 22(e)(3) of the Code) of the Optionee, the notice shall be accompanied by appropriate proof of the right of such person to exercise the Option. All Common Shares that are purchased upon exercise of the Option as provided herein shall be fully paid and non-assessable.

6.       Delivery of Shares Upon Exercise. An Incentive Stock Option ("ISO") has distinct tax advantages when exercised compared to a non-qualified stock option ("NON-Q"). Most importantly, the exercise of an ISO will normally not result in the immediate recognition of taxable income whereas the exercise of a NON-Q always results in the immediate recognition of taxable income. In addition, the shares received upon exercise of an ISO will qualify for long term capital gains treatment if held for more than one year following the date of exercise. In order for an ISO to preserve its tax advantages, the shares received upon the exercise of an ISO must be held for both (i) two years from the date of grant and (ii) one year from the date of exercise. The Company is subject to federal and tax withholding obligations if the holding period requirements of an ISO are not met. Therefore, as a material condition to this Option Agreement, the Optionee agrees to hold the shares in book entry form with the Company's transfer agent until the holding period requirements are met. An Optionee may sell the shares held in book entry form at any time, however, a sale of the shares prior to the holding period being met will result in the sale being treated as ordinary income and not eligible for capital gains treatment.

7.       Non-Transferability of Option. This Option is not assignable or transferable, in whole or in part, by the Optionee other than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution or to the extent permitted by the Plan. During the lifetime of the Optionee, the Option shall be exercisable only by the Optionee or, in the event of his or her disability, by his or her guardian or legal representative or to the extent permitted by the Plan.

8.       Termination of Service. If the Optionee’s employment with the Company and all subsidiaries is terminated for any reason prior to the Expiration Date, this Option may be exercised, to the extent permitted by the Plan and any other applicable agreement, no later than three (3) months after termination of employment, or no later than twelve (12) months after termination of employment if such termination is the result of the Optionee’s death or disability). However, if employment is terminated for “cause”, all options, both vested and unvested, are forfeited upon termination.

"Cause" shall mean: (i) conviction of a felony or a crime involving fraud or moral turpitude; or (i i) theft, material act of dishonesty or fraud, intentional falsification of any employment or Company records, or commission of any criminal act which impairs participant's ability to perform appropriate employment duties for the Corporation; or (iii) intentional or reckless conduct or gross negligence materially harmful to the Company or the successor to the Corporation after a Change in Control, including violation of a non-competition or confidentiality agreement; or (iv) willful failure to follow lawful instructions of the person or body to which participant reports; or (v) gross negligence or willful misconduct in the performance of participant's assigned duties. Cause shall not include mere unsatisfactory performance in the achievement of participant's job objectives.

9.       Taxes; Disqualifying Disposition of Shares. The obligation of the Company to deliver Common Shares upon the exercise of this Option shall be subject to applicable federal, state and local tax withholding requirements. The Optionee acknowledges and agrees that, in the event he shall dispose (whether by sale, exchange, gift or any like transfer) of any shares of common stock of the Company (to the extent such shares are deemed to have been purchased pursuant to this incentive stock option) acquired by him pursuant hereto within two years of the Grant Date of this Option or within one year after the acquisition of such shares pursuant hereto (a “Disqualifying Disposition”):

(a) he will notify the Chief Financial Officer of the Company no later than 15 days from the date of such disposition of such date or dates and the number of shares disposed of by him and the consideration received, if any, and, upon notification from the Company, promptly forward to the Chief Financial Officer of the Company any amount requested by the Company for the purpose of satisfying its liability, if any, to withhold federal, state or local income or earnings tax or any other applicable tax or assessment (plus interest or penalties thereon, if any, caused by any delay in making such payment) incurred by reason of such disposition; and

(b) he may be subject to additional personal income taxes. The Optionee is advised and encouraged to seek the advice of a tax professional in this regard.

10.       Governing Law. This Option Agreement shall be governed by the applicable Code provisions to the maximum extent possible. Otherwise, the laws of the State of Nevada (without reference to the principles of conflict of laws) shall govern the operation of, and the rights of the Optionee under, the Plan and Options granted thereunder.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Stock Option Agreement to be duly executed by its authorized officer, and the Optionee has hereunto set his or her hand and seal.

Red Cat Holdings, Inc.

______________________________

By: Leah Lunger, CFO

________________________________

_________________, Optionee

RED CAT HOLDINGS, INC.

2019 EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN

Notice of Exercise of Incentive Stock Option

I hereby exercise the incentive stock option granted to me pursuant to the Option Agreement dated as of _________ __, 20___, by Red Cat Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”), with respect to the following number of shares of the Company’s common stock (“Shares”), par value $0.001 per Share, covered by said option:

Number of Shares to be purchased:                                    _______

Purchase price per Share:                                                  $_______

Total purchase price:                                                         $_______

___ A. Enclosed is cash or my certified check, bank draft, or postal or express money order in the amount of $________ in full/partial [circle one] payment for such Shares;

and/or

___ B. Enclosed is/are Share(s) with a total fair market value of $ on the date hereof in full/partial [circle one] payment for such Shares;

and/or

___ C. I have provided notice to [insert name of broker], a broker, who will render full/partial [circle one] payment for such Shares. [Optionee should attach to the notice of exercise provided to such broker a copy of this Notice of Exercise and irrevocable instructions to pay to the Company the full/partial (as elected above) exercise price.]

and/or

___ D. I elect to satisfy the payment for Shares purchased hereunder by having the Company withhold that number of shares associated with this exercise with a fair value equal to the required payment.  (For example, an exercise of 1,000 options with an exercise price of $2.00 would require a payment of $2,000.  If the Company’s stock price is $4.00 at this time, then $2,000 / $4.00 = 500 which is the number of shares that will be withheld by the Company to provide payment for the exercise.  This results in the net issuance of 1,000 - 500 = 500 shares of common stock)

Please have the certificate or certificates representing the purchased Shares registered in the following name or names^[1]*:                                                                    ; and sent to                                                 .

DATED:                       ___, 20__                                              ______________________

                                  Optionee’s Signature

^[1]* Certificates may be registered in the name of the Optionee alone or in the joint names (with right of survivorship) of the Optionee and his or her spouse.

APPENDIX A

RED CAT HOLDINGS, INC.

2019 EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN

1. PURPOSE OF PLAN

1.1 The purpose of this 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (this "Plan") of Red Cat Holdings, Inc., a Nevada corporation (the "Corporation"), is to promote the success of the Corporation and to increase stockholder value by providing an additional means through the grant of awards to attract, motivate, retain and reward selected employees and other eligible persons.

2. ELIGIBILITY

2.1 The Administrator (as such tennis defined in Section 3.1) may grant awards under this Plan only to those persons that the Administrator determines to be Eligible Persons. An "Eligible Person" is any person who is either: (a) an officer (whether or not a director) or employee of the Corporation or one of its Subsidiaries; (b) a director of the Corporation or one of its Subsidiaries; or (c) a consultant who renders bona fide services (other than services in connection with the offering or sale of securities of the Corporation or one of its Subsidiaries in a capital-raising transaction or as a market maker or promoter of securities of the Corporation or one of its Subsidiaries) to the Corporation or one of its Subsidiaries and who is selected to participate in this Plan by the Administrator; provided, however, that a person who is otherwise an Eligible Person under clause (c) above may participate in this Plan only if s1.1ch participation would not adversely affect either the Corporation's eligibility to use Form S-8 to register under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), the offering and sale of shares issuable under this Plan by the Corporation, or the Corporation's compliance with any other applicable laws. An Eligible Person who has been granted an award (a "participant") may, if otherwise eligible, be granted additional awards if the Administrator shall so determine. As used herein, "Subsidiary" means any corporation or other entity a majority of whose outstanding voting stock or voting power is beneficially owned directly or indirectly by the Corporation; and "Board" means the Board of Directors of the Corporation.

3. PLAN ADMINISTRATION

3.1 The Administrator. This Plan shall be administered by and all awards under this Plan shall be authorized by the Administrator. The "Administrator" means the Board or one or more committees appointed by the Board or another committee (within its delegated authority) to administer all or certain aspects of this Plan. Any such committee shall be comprised solely of one or more directors or such number of directors as may be required under applicable law. A committee may delegate some or all of its authority to another committee so constituted. The Board or a committee comprised solely of directors may also delegate, to the extent permitted by NRS 78.125 or any applicable law, to one or more officers of the Corporation, its powers under this Plan (a) to designate Eligible Persons who will receive grants of awards under this Plan, and (b) to detem1ine the number of shares subject to, and the other terms and conditions of, such awards. The Board may delegate different levels of authority to different committees with administrative and grant authority under this Plan. Unless otherwise provided in the bylaws of the Corporation or the applicable charter of any Administrator: (a) a majority of the members of the acting Administrator shall constitute a quorum, and (b) the affim1ative vote of a majority of the members present assuming the presence of a quorum or the unanimous written consent of the members of the Administrator shall constitute due authorization of an action by the acting Administrator.

With respect to awards intended to satisfy the requirements for performance-based compensation under Section l 62(m) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code") , this Plan shall be administered by a committee consisting solely of two or more outside directors (as this requirement is applied under Section I62(m) of the Code); provided, however; that the failure to satisfy such requirement shall not affect the validity of the action of any committee otherwise duly authorized and acting in the matter. Award grants, and transactions in or involving awards, intended to be exempt under Rule l 6b-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act") , must be duly and timely authorized by the Board or a committee consisting solely of two or more non-employee directors (as this requirement is applied under Rule I6b-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act). To the extent required by any applicable stock exchange, this Plan shall be administered by a committee composed entirely of independent directors (within the meaning of the applicable stock exchange). Awards granted to non-employee directors shall not be subject to the discretion of any officer or employee of the Corporation and shall be administered exclusively by a committee consisting solely of independent directors.

3.2 Powers of the Administrator. Subject to the express provisions of this Plan, the Administrator is authorized and empowered to do all things necessary or desirable in connection with the authorization of awards and the administration of this Plan (in the case of a committee or delegation to one or more officers, within the authority delegated to that committee or person(s)), including, without limitation, the authority to:

(a)determine eligibility and, from among those persons determined to be eligible, the particular Eligible Persons who will receive awards under this Plan;

(b)grant awards to Eligible Persons, determine the price at which securities will be offered or awarded and the number of securities to be offered or awarded to any of such persons, determine the other specific terms and conditions of such awards consistent with the express limits of this Plan, establish the installments (if any) in which such awards shall become exercisable or shall vest (which may include, without limitation, performance and/or time-based schedules), or determine that no delayed exercisability or vesting is required, establish any applicable performance targets, and establish the events of termination or reversion of such awards;

(c) approve the forms of award agreements (which need not be identical either as to type of award or among participants);

(d)construe and interpret this Plan and any agreements defining the rights and obligations of the Corporation, its Subsidiaries, and participants under this Plan, further define the terms used in this Plan, and prescribe, amend and rescind rules and regulations relating to the administration of this Plan or the awards granted under this Plan;

(e)cancel, modify, or waive the Corporation's rights with respect to, or modify, discontinue, suspend, or terminate any or all outstanding awards, subject to any required consent under Section 8.6.5;

(f)accelerate or extend the vesting or exercisability or extend the term of any or all such outstanding awards (in the case of options or stock appreciation rights, within the maximum ten-year term of such awards) in such circumstances as the Administrator may deem appropriate (including, without limitation, in connection with a termination of employment or services or other events of a personal nature) subject to any required consent under Section 8.6.5;

(g)adjust the number of shares of Common Stock subject to any award, adjust the price of any or all outstanding awards or otherwise change previously imposed terms and conditions, in such circumstances as the Administrator may deem appropriate, in each case subject to compliance with applicable stock exchange requirements, Sections 4 and 8.6 and the applicable requirements of Code Section 162(m) and treasury regulations thereunder with respect to awards that are intended to satisfy the requirements for performance-based compensation under Section 162(m), and provided that in no case (except due to an adjustment contemplated by Section 7 or any repricing that may be approved by stockholders) shall such an adjustment constitute a repricing (by amendment, cancellation and regrant, exchange or other means) of the per share exercise or base price of any stock option or stock appreciation right or other award granted under this Plan, and further provided that any adjustment or change in terms made pursuant to this Section 3.2(g) shall be made in a manner that, in the good faith determination of the Administrator will not likely result in the imposition of additional taxes or interest under Section 409A of the Code;

(h)determine the date of grant of an award, which may be a designated date after but not before the date of the Administrator's action (unless otherwise designated by the Administrator, the date of grant of an award shall be the date upon which the Administrator took the action granting an award);

(i)determine whether, and the extent to which, adjustments are required pursuant to Section 7 hereof and authorize the termination, conversion, substitution, acceleration or succession of awards upon the occurrence of an event of the type described in Section 7;

(j)acquire or settle (subject to Sections 7 and 8.6) rights under awards in cash, stock of equivalent value, or other consideration; and

(k)determine the Fair Market Value (as defined in Section 5.6) of the Common Stock or awards under this Plan from time to time and/or the manner in which such value will be determined.

3.3 Binding Determinations. Any action taken by, or inaction of, the Corporation, any Subsidiary, or the Administrator relating or pursuant to this Plan and within its authority hereunder or under applicable law shall be within the absolute discretion of that entity or body and shall be conclusive and binding upon all persons. Neither the Board, the Administrator, nor any Board committee, nor any member thereof or person acting at the direction thereof, shall be liable for any act, omission, interpretation, construction or determination made in good faith in connection with this Plan (or any award made under this Plan), and all such persons shall be entitled to indemnification and reimbursement by the Corporation in respect of any claim, loss, damage or expense (including, without limitation, legal fees) arising or resulting therefrom to the fullest extent permitted by law and/or under any directors and officers liability insurance coverage that may be in effect from time to time.

3.4 Reliance on Experts. In making any determination or in taking or not taking any action under this Plan, the Administrator may obtain and may rely upon the advice of experts, including professional advisors to the Corporation. The Administrator shall not be liable for any such action or determination taken or made or omitted in good faith based upon such advice.

3.5 Delegation of Non-Discretionary Functions. In addition to the ability to delegate certain grant authority to officers of the Corporation as set forth in Section 3.1, the Administrator may also delegate ministerial, non-discretionary functions to individuals who are officers or employees of the Corporation or any of its Subsidiaries or to third parties.

4. SHARES OF COMMON STOCK SUBJECT TO THE PLAN; SHARE LIMIT

4.1 Shares Available. Subject to the provisions of Section 7.1, the capital stock available for issuance under this Plan shall be shares of the Corporation's authorized but unissued Common Stock. For purposes of this Plan, "Common Stock" shall mean the common stock of the Corporation and such other securities or property as may become the subject of awards under this Plan, or may become subject to such awards, pursuant to an adjustment made under Section 7.1.

4.2 Share Limit. The maximum number of shares of Common Stock that may be delivered pursuant to awards granted to Eligible Persons under this Plan may not exceed 10,500,000,000 shares (the "Share Limit") The foregoing Share Limit is subject to adjustment as contemplated by Section 4.3, Section 7.1, and Section 8.10.

4.3 Awards Settled ill Cash, Reissue of Awards a11d Shares. The Administrator may adopt reasonable counting procedures to ensure appropriate counting, avoid double counting (as, for example, in the case of tandem or substitute awards) and make adjustments in accordance with this Section 4.3. Shares shall be counted against those reserved to the extent such shares have been delivered and are no longer subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture. Accordingly, (i) to the extent that an award under the Plan, in whole or in part, is canceled, expired, forfeited, settled in cash, settled by delivery of fewer shares than the number of shares underlying the award, or otherwise terminated without delivery of shares to the participant, the shares retained by or returned to the Corporation will not be deemed to have been delivered under the Plan and will be deemed to remain or to become available under this Plan; and (ii) shares that are withheld from such an award or separately surrendered by the participant in payment of the exercise price or taxes relating to such an award shall be deemed to constitute shares not delivered and will be deemed to remain or to become available under the Plan. The foregoing adjustments to the Share Limit of this Plan are subject to any applicable limitations under Section 162(m) of the Code with respect to awards intended as performance-based compensation thereunder.

4.4 Reservation of Shares; No Fractional Shares. The Corporation shall at all times reserve a number of shares of Common Stock sufficient to cover the Corporation's obligations and contingent obligations to deliver shares with respect to awards then outstanding under this Plan (exclusive of any dividend equivalent obligations to the extent the Corporation has the right to settle such rights in cash). No fractional shares shall be delivered under this Plan. The Administrator may pay cash in lieu of any fractional shares in settlements of awards under this Plan.

5. AWARDS

5.1 Type and Form of Awards. The Administrator shall determine the type or types of award(s) to be made to each selected Eligible Person. Awards may be granted singly, in combination or in tandem. Awards also may be made in combination or in tandem with, in replacement of, as alternatives to, or as the payment form for grants or rights under any other employee or compensation plan of the Corporation or one of its Subsidiaries. The types of awards that may be granted under this Plan are:

5.1.1 Stock Options. A stock option is the grant of a right to purchase a specified number of shares of Common Stock during a specified period as determined by the Administrator. An option may be intended as an incentive stock option within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code (an "ISO") or a nonqualified stock option (an option not intended to be an ISO). The award agreement for an option will indicate if the option is intended as an ISO; otherwise it will be deemed to be a nonqualified stock option. The maximum term of each option (ISO or nonqualified) shall be ten (10) years. The per share exercise price for each ISO shall be not less than I 00% of the Fair Market Value of a share of Common Stock on the date of grant of the option. When an option is exercised, the exercise price for the shares to be purchased shall be paid in full in cash or such other method permitted by the Administrator consistent with Section 5.5.

5.1.2 Additional Rules Applicable to ISOs. To the extent that the aggregate Fair Market Value (determined at the time of grant of the applicable option) of stock with respect to which ISOs first become exercisable by a participant in any calendar year exceeds $100,000, taking into account both Common Stock subject to ISOs under this Plan and stock subject to ISOs under all other plans of the Corporation or one of its Subsidiaries (or any parent or predecessor corporation to the extent required by and within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder), such options shall be treated as nonqualified stock options. In reducing the number of options treated as ISOs to meet the $100,000 limit, the most recently granted options shall be reduced first. To the extent a reduction of simultaneously granted options is necessary to meet the $100,000 limit, the Administrator may, in the manner and to the extent permitted by law, designate which shares of Common Stock are to be treated as shares acquired pursuant to the exercise of an ISO. ISOs may only be granted to employees of the Corporation or one of its subsidiaries (for this purpose, the term "subsidiary" is used as defined in Section 424(f) of the Code, which generally requires an unbroken chain of ownership of at least 50% of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of each subsidiary in the chain beginning with the Corporation and ending with the subsidiary in question). There shall be imposed in any award agreement relating to ISOs such other terms and conditions as from time to time are required in order that the option be an "incentive stock option" as that term is defined in Section 422 of the Code. No ISO may be granted to any person who, at the time the option is granted, owns (or is deemed to own under Section 424(d) of the Code) shares of outstanding Common Stock possessing more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Corporation, unless the exercise price of such option is at least 110% of the Fair Market Value of the stock subject to the option and such option by its terms is not exercisable after the expiration of five years from the date such option is granted.

5.1.3 Stock Appreciation Rights. A stock appreciation right or "SAR" is a right to receive a payment, in cash and/or Common Stock, equal to the number of shares of Common Stock being exercised multiplied by the excess of (i) the Fair Market Value of a share of Common Stock on the date the SAR is exercised, over (ii) the Fair Market Value of a share of Common Stock on the date the SAR was granted as specified in the applicable award agreement (the "base price"). The maximum term of a SAR shall be ten (10) years.

5.1.4 Restricted Shares.

(a) Restrictions. Restricted shares are shares of Common Stock subject to such restrictions on transferability, risk of forfeiture and other restrictions, if any, as the Administrator may impose, which restrictions may lapse separately or in combination at such times, under such circumstances (including based on achievement of perfom1ance goals and/or future service requirements), in such installments or otherwise, as the Administrator may determine at the date of grant or thereafter. Except to the extent restricted under the terms of this Plan and the applicable award agreement relating to the restricted stock, a participant granted restricted stock shall have all of the rights of a shareholder, including the right to vote the restricted stock and the right to receive dividends thereon (subject to any mandatory reinvestment or other requirement imposed by the Administrator).

(b)Certificates for Shares. Restricted shares granted under this Plan may be evidenced in such manner as the Administrator shall determine. If certificates representing restricted stock are registered in the name of the participant, the Administrator may require that such certificates bear an appropriate legend referring to the terms, conditions and restrictions applicable to such restricted stock, that the Corporation retain physical possession of the certificates, and that the participant deliver a stock power to the Corporation, endorsed in blank, relating to the restricted stock. The Administrator may require that restricted shares are held in escrow until all restrictions lapse.

(c) Dividends and Splits. As a condition to the grant of an award of restricted stock, subject to applicable law, the Administrator may require or permit a participant to elect that any cash dividends paid on a share of restricted stock be automatically reinvested in additional shares of restricted stock or applied to the purchase of additional awards under this Plan. Unless otherwise determined by the Administrator, stock distributed in connection with a stock split or stock dividend, and other property distributed as a dividend, shall be subject to restrictions and a risk of forfeiture to the same extent as the restricted stock with respect to which such stock or other property has been distributed.

5.1.5 Restricted Share Units.

(a) Grant of Restricted Share Units. A restricted share unit, or "RSU", represents the right to receive from the Corporation on the respective scheduled vesting or payment date for such RSU, one Common Share. An award of RSUs may be subject to the attainment of specified performance goals or targets, forfeitability provisions and such other tem1s and conditions as the Administrator may determine, subject to the provisions of this Plan. At the time an award of RSUs is made, the Administrator shall establish a period of time during which the restricted share units shall vest and the timing for settlement of the RSU.

(b) Dividend Equivalent Accounts. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan and the applicable award agreement, as well as any procedures established by the Administrator, prior to the expiration of the applicable vesting period of an RSU, the Administrator may determine to pay dividend equivalent rights with respect to RSUs, in which case, the Corporation shall establish an account for the participant and reflect in that account any securities, cash or other property comprising any dividend or property distribution with respect to the shares of Common Stock underlying each RSU. Each amount or other property credited to any such account shall be subject to the same vesting conditions as the RSU to which it relates. The participant shall have the right to be paid the amounts or other property credited to such account upon vesting of the subject RSU.

(c) Rights as a Shareholder. Subject to the restrictions imposed under the terms and conditions of this Plan and the applicable award agreement, each participant receiving RSUs shall have no rights as a shareholder with respect to such RSUs until such time as shares of Common Stock are issued to the participant. No shares of Common Stock shall be issued at the time a RSU is granted, and the Company will not be required to set aside a fund for the payment of any such award. Except as otherwise provided in the applicable award agreement, shares of Common Stock issuable under an RSU shall be treated as issued on the first date that the holder of the RSU is no longer subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture as determined for purposes of Section 409A of the Code, and the holder shall be the owner of such shares of Common Stock on such date. An award agreement may provide that issuance of shares of Common Stock under an RSU may be deferred beyond the first date that the RSU is no longer subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture, provided that such deferral is structured in a manner that is intended to comply with the requirements of Section 409A of the Code.

5.1.6 Cash Awards. The Administrator may, from time to time, subject to the provisions of the Plan and such other terms and conditions as it may determine, grant cash bonuses (including without limitation, discretionary awards, awards based on objective or subjective perforn1ance criteria, awards subject to other vesting criteria or awards granted consistent with Section 5.2 below). Cash awards shall be awarded in such amount and at such times during the term of the Plan as the Administrator shall determine.

5.1.7 Other Awards. The other types of awards that may be granted under this Plan include: (a) stock bonuses, performance stock, performance units, dividend equivalents, or similar rights to purchase or acquire shares, whether at a fixed or variable price or ratio related to the Common Stock (subject to the requirements of Section 5.1.1 and in compliance with applicable laws), upon the passage of time, the occurrence of one or more events, or the satisfaction of performance criteria or other conditions, or any combination thereof; or (b) any similar securities with a value derived from the value of or related to the Common Stock and/or returns thereon.

5.2 Section 162(m) Performance-Based Awards. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, any of the types of awards listed in Sections 5.1.4 through 5.1.7 above may be, and options and SARs granted with an exercise or base price not less than the Fair Market Value of a share of Common Stock at the date of grant ("Qualifying Options" and "Qualifying SARs ," respectively) typically will be, granted as awards intended to satisfy the requirements for "performance-based compensation" within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Code ("Performance-Based Awards") . The grant, vesting, exercisability or payment of Performance-Based Awards may depend (or, in the case of Qualifying Options or Qualifying SARs, may also depend) on the degree of achievement of one or more performance goals relative to a pre-established targeted level or levels using the Business Criteria provided for below for the Corporation on a consolidated basis or for one or more of the Corporation's subsidiaries, segments, divisions or business units, or any combination of the foregoing. Such criteria may be evaluated on an absolute basis or relative to prior periods, industry peers, or stock market indices. Any Qualifying Option or Qualifying SAR shall be subject to the requirements of Section 5.2.1 and 5.2.3 in order for such award to satisfy the requirements for "perfon11ance-based compensation" under Section 162(m) of the Code. Any other Perforn1ance-Based Award shall be subject to all of the following provisions of this Section 5.2.

5.2.1 Class; Administrator. The eligible class of persons for Performance-Based Awards under this Section 5.2 shall be officers and employees of the Corporation or one of its Subsidiaries. The Administrator approving Performance-Based Awards or making any certification required pursuant to Section 5.2.4 must be constituted as provided in Section 3.1 for awards that are intended as performance-based compensation under Section 162(m) of the Code.

5.2.2 Performance Goals. The specific performance goals for Performance-Based Awards (other than Qualifying Options and Qualifying SARs) shall be, on an absolute or relative basis, established based on such business criteria as selected by the Administrator in its sole discretion ("Business Criteria"), including the following: (1) earnings per share, (2) cash flow (which means cash and cash equivalents derived from either (i) net cash flow from operations or (ii) net cash flow from operations, financing and investing activities), (3) total stockholder return, (4) price per share of Common Stock, (5) gross revenue, (6) revenue growth, (7) operating income (before or after taxes), (8) net earnings (before or after interest, taxes, depreciation and/or amortization), (9) return on equity, (10) capital employed, or on assets or on net investment, (11) cost containment or reduction, (12) cash cost per ounce of production, (13) operating margin, (14) debt reduction, (15) resource amounts, (16) production or production growth, (17) resource replacement or resource growth, (18) successful completion of financings, or (19) any combination of the foregoing. To qualify awards as performance-based under Section 162(m), the applicable Business Criterion (or Business Criteria, as the case may be) and specific performance goal or goals ("targets") must be established and approved by the Administrator during the first 90 days of the performance period (and, in the case of performance periods of less than one year, in no event after 25% or more of the performance period has elapsed) and while performance relating to such target(s) remains substantially uncertain within the meaning of Section l62(m) of the Code. Performance targets shall be adjusted to mitigate the unbudgeted impact of material, unusual or nonrecurring gains and losses, accounting changes or other extraordinary events not foreseen at the time the targets were set unless the Administrator provides otherwise at the time of establishing the targets; provided that the Administrator may not make any adjustment to the extent it would adversely affect the qualification of any compensation payable under such performance targets as "performance-based compensation" under Section 162(m) of Code. The applicable performance measurement period may not be less than 3 months nor more than 10 years.

5.2.3 Form of Payment. Grants or awards intended to qualify under this Section 5.2 may be paid in cash or shares of Common Stock or any combination thereof.

5.2.4 Certification of Payment. Before any Perfom1ru1ce-Based Award under this Section 5.2 (other than Qualifying Options and Qualifying SARs) is paid and to the extent required to qualify the award as performance-based compensation within the meaning of Section l62(m) of the Code, the Administrator must certify in writing that the perfom1ance target(s) and any other material terms of the Performance-Based Award were in fact timely satisfied.

5.2.5 Reservation of Discretion. The Administrator will have the discretion to determine the restrictions or other limitations of the individual awards granted under this Section 5.2 including the authority to reduce awards, payouts or vesting or to pay no awards, in its sole discretion, if the Administrator preserves such authority at the time of grant by language to this effect in its authorizing resolutions or otherwise.

5.2.6 Expiration of Grant Authority. As required pursuant to Section 162(m) of the Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder, the Administrator's authority to grant new awards that are intended to qualify as performance-based compensation within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Code (other than Qualifying Options and Qualifying SARs) shall terminate upon the first meeting of the Corporation's stockholders that occurs in the fifth year following the year in which the Corporation's stockholders first approve this Plan (the "162(m) Term") .

5.2.7 Compensation Limitations. The maximum aggregate number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued to any Eligible Person during the term of this Plan pursuant to Qualifying Options and Qualifying SARs may not exceed the Share Limit. The maximum aggregate number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued to any Eligible Person pursuant to Performance-Based Awards granted during the 162(m) Term (other than cash awards granted pursuant to Section 5.1.6 and Qualifying Options or Qualifying SARs) may not exceed the Share Limit. The maximum amount that may be paid to any Eligible Person pursuant to Performance-Based Awards granted pursuant to Sections 5.1.6 (cash awards) during the 162(m) Term may not exceed $1,000,000.

5.3 Award Agreements. Each award shall be evidenced by a written or electronic award agreement in the form approved by the Administrator and, if required by the Administrator, executed by the recipient of the award. The Administrator may authorize any officer of the Corporation (other than the particular award recipient) to execute any or all award agreements on behalf of the Corporation (electronically or otherwise). The award agreement shall set forth the material terms and conditions of the award as established by the Administrator consistent with the express limitations of this Plan.

5.4 Deferrals and Settlements. Payment of awards may be in the form of cash, Common Stock, other awards or combinations thereof as the Administrator shall determine, and with such restrictions as it may impose. The Administrator may also require or permit participants to elect to defer the issuance of shares of Common Stock or the settlement of awards in cash under such rules and procedures as it may establish under this Plan. The Administrator may also provide that deferred settlements include the payment or crediting of interest or other earnings on the deferral amounts, or the payment or crediting of dividend equivalents where the deferred amounts are denominated in shares. All mandatory or elective deferrals of the issuance of shares of Common Stock or the settlement of cash awards shall be structured in a manner that is intended to comply with the requirements of Section 409A of the Code.

5.5 Consideration for Common Stock or Awards. The purchase price for any award granted under this Plan or the Common Stock to be delivered pursuant to an award, as applicable, may be paid by means of any lawful consideration as determined by the Administrator and subject to compliance with applicable laws, including, without limitation, one or a combination of the following methods:

• services rendered by the recipient of such award;

• cash, check payable to the order of the Corporation, or electronic funds transfer;

• notice and third party payment in such manner as may be authorized by the Administrator;

• the delivery of previously owned shares of Common Stock that are fully vested and unencumbered;

• by a reduction in the number of shares otherwise deliverable pursuant to the award; or

• subject to such procedures as the Administrator may adopt, pursuant to a "cashless exercise" with a third party who provides financing for the purposes of (or who otherwise facilitates) the purchase or exercise of awards.

In the event that the Administrator allows a participant to exercise an award by delivering shares of Common Stock previously owned by such participant and unless otherwise expressly provided by the Administrator, any shares delivered which were initially acquired by the participant from the Corporation (upon exercise of a stock option or otherwise) must have been owned by the participant at least six months as of the date of delivery (or such other period as may be required by the Administrator in order to avoid adverse accounting treatment). Shares of Common Stock used to satisfy the exercise price of an option shall be valued at their Fair Market Value on the date of exercise. The Corporation will not be obligated to deliver any shares unless and until it receives full payment of the exercise or purchase price therefor and any related withholding obligations under Section 8.5 and any other conditions to exercise or purchase, as established from time to time by the Administrator, have been satisfied. Unless otherwise expressly provided in the applicable award agreement, the Administrator may at any time eliminate or limit a participant's ability to pay the purchase or exercise price of any award by any method other than cash payment to the Corporation.

5.6 Definition of Fair Market Value. For purposes of this Plan "Fair Market Value" shall mean, unless otherwise determined or provided by the Administrator in the circumstances, the closing price for a share of Common Stock on the trading day immediately before the grant date, as furnished by the NASDAQ Stock Market or other principal stock exchange on which the Common Stock is then listed for the date in question, or if the Common Stock is no longer listed on a principal stock exchange, then by the Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board or OTC Markets. If the Common Stock is no longer listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market or listed on a principal stock exchange or is no longer actively traded on the Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board or OTC Markets as of the applicable date, the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock shall be the value as reasonably determined by the Administrator for purposes of the award in the circumstances.

5.7 Transfer Restrictions.

5.7.1 Limitations on Exercise and Transfer. Unless otherwise expressly provided in (or pursuant to) this Section 5.7, by applicable law and by the award agreement, as the same may be amended, (a) all awards are non-transferable and shall not be subject in any manner to sale, transfer, anticipation, alienation, assignment, pledge, encumbrance or charge; (b) awards shall be exercised only by the participant; and (c) amounts payable or shares issuable pursuant to any award shall be delivered only to (or for the account of) the participant.

5.7.2 Exceptions. The Administrator may permit awards to be exercised by and paid to, or otherwise transferred to, other persons or entities pursuant to such conditions and procedures, including limitations on subsequent transfers, as the Administrator may, in its sole discretion, establish in writing (provided that any such transfers of ISOs shall be limited to the extent permitted under the federal tax laws governing ISOs). Any permitted transfer shall be subject to compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws.

5.7.3 Further Exceptions to Limits on Transfer. The exercise and transfer restrictions in Section 5.7.1 shall not apply to:

(a) transfers to the Corporation,

(b)the designation of a beneficiary to receive benefits in the event of the participant's death or, if the participant has died, transfers to or exercise by the participant's beneficiary, or, in the absence of a validly designated beneficiary, transfers by will or the laws of descent and distribution,

(c)subject to any applicable limitations on ISOs, transfers to a family member (or former family member) pursuant to a domestic relations order if approved or ratified by the Administrator,

(d)subject to any applicable limitations on ISOs, if the participant has suffered a disability, permitted transfers or exercises on behalf of the participant by his or her legal representative, or

(e)the authorization by the Administrator of “cashless exercise" procedures with third parties who provide financing for the purpose of (or who otherwise facilitate) the exercise of awards consistent with applicable laws and the express authorization of the Administrator.

5.8 International Awards. One or more awards may be granted to Eligible Persons who provide services to the Corporation or one of its Subsidiaries outside of the United States. Any awards granted to such persons may, if deemed necessary or advisable by the Administrator, be granted pursuant to the terms and conditions of any applicable sub-plans, if any, appended to this Plan and approved by the Administrator.

5.9 Vesting. Subject to Sections 5.1.2 and 5.10 hereof, awards shall vest at such time or times and subject to such terms and conditions as shall be determined by the Administrator at the time of grant; provided, however , that in the absence of any award vesting periods designated by the Administrator at the time of grant in the applicable award agreement, awards shall vest as to one third of the total number of shares subject to the award on each of the first, second and third anniversaries of the date of grant.

6. EEFFECT OF TERMINATION OF SERVICE

6.1 Termination of Employment.

6.1.1 The administrator shall establish the effect of a termination of employment of service on the rights and benefits under each award under this Plan and in so doing may make distinctions based upon, inter alia, the cause of termination and type of award. If the participant is not an employee of the Corporation or one of its Subsidiaries and provides other services to the Corporation or one of its Subsidiaries, the Administrator shall be the sole judge for purposes of this Plan (unless a contract or the award agreement otherwise provides) of whether the participant continues to render services to the Corporation or one of its Subsidiaries and the date, if any, upon which such services shall be deemed to have terminated.

6.1.2 For awards of stock options or SARs, unless the award agreement provides otherwise, the exercise period of such options or SARs shall expire: (1) three months after the last day that the participant is employed by or provides services to the Corporation or a Subsidiary (provided; however, that in the event of the participant's death during this period, those persons entitled to exercise the option or SAR pursuant to the laws of descent and distribution shall have one year following the date of death within which to exercise such option or SAR); (2) in the case of a participant whose termination of employment is due to death or disability (as defined in the applicable award agreement), 12 months after the last day that the participant is employed by or provides services to the Corporation or a Subsidiary; and (3) immediately upon a participant's termination for "cause". The Administrator will, in its absolute discretion, determine the effect of all matters and questions relating to a termination of employment, including, but not by way of limitation, the question of whether a leave of absence constitutes a termination of employment and whether a participant's termination is for "cause."

If not defined in the applicable award agreement, "Cause" shall mean:

(i) conviction of a felony or a crime involving fraud or moral turpitude; or

(ii)theft, material act of dishonesty or fraud, intentional falsification of any employment or Company records, or commission of any criminal act which impairs participant's ability to perform appropriate employment duties for the Corporation; or

(iii)intentional or reckless conduct or gross negligence materially harmful to the Company or the successor to the Corporation after a Change in Control, including violation of a non-competition or confidentiality agreement; or

(iv)  willful failure to follow lawful instructions of the person or body to which participant reports; or

(v)gross negligence or willful misconduct in the performance of participant's assigned duties. Cause shall not include mere unsatisfactory performance in the achievement of participant's job objectives.

6.1.3 For awards of restricted shares, unless the award agreement provides otherwise, restricted shares that are subject to restrictions at the time that a participant whose employment or service is terminated shall be forfeited and reacquired by the Corporation; provided that, the Administrator may provide, by rule or regulation or in any award agreement, or may determine in any individual case, that restrictions or forfeiture conditions relating to restricted shares shall be waived in whole or in part in the event of terminations resulting from specified causes, and the Administrator may in other cases waive in whole or in part the forfeiture of restricted shares. Similar rules shall apply in respect of RSUs.

6.2 Events Not Deemed Terminations of Service. Unless the express policy of the Corporation or one of its Subsidiaries, or the Administrator, otherwise provides, the employment relationship shall not be considered terminated in the case of (a) sick leave, (b) military leave, or (c) any other leave of absence authorized by the Corporation or one of its Subsidiaries, or the Administrator; provided that unless reemployment upon the expiration of such leave is guaranteed by contract or law, such leave is for a period of not more than 3 mouths. In the case of any employee of the Corporation or one of its Subsidiaries on an approved leave of absence, continued vesting of the award while on leave from the employ of the Corporation or one of its Subsidiaries may be suspended until the employee returns to service, unless the Administrator otherwise provides or applicable law otherwise requires. In no event shall an award be exercised after the expiration of the term set forth in the award agreement.

6.3 Effect of Change of Subsidiary Status. For purposes of this Plan and any award, if an entity ceases to be a Subsidiary of the Corporation, a termination of employment or service shall be deemed to have occurred with respect to each Eligible Person in respect of such Subsidiary who does not continue as an Eligible Person in respect of another entity within the Corporation or another Subsidiary that continues as such after giving effect to the transaction or other event giving rise to the change in status.

7. ADJUSTMENTS; ACCELERATION

7.1 Adjustments. Upon or in contemplation of any of the following events described in this Section 7.1,: any reclassification, recapitalization, stock split (including a stock split in the form of a stock dividend) or reverse stock split ("stock split") ; any merger, arrangement, combination, consolidation, or other reorganization; any spin-off, split-up, or similar extraordinary dividend distribution in respect of the Common Stock (whether in the form of securities or property); any exchange of Common Stock or other securities of the Corporation, or any similar, unusual or extraordinary corporate transaction in respect of the Common Stock; then the Administrator shall in such manner, to such extent and at such time as it deems appropriate and equitable in the circumstances (but subject to compliance with applicable laws and stock exchange requirements) proportionately adjust any or all of (1) the number and type of shares of Common Stock (or other securities) that thereafter may be made the subject of awards (including the number of shares provided for in this Plan), (2) the number, amount and type of shares of Common Stock (or other securities or property) subject to any or all outstanding awards, (3) the grant, purchase, or exercise price (which term includes the base price of any SAR or similar right) of any or all outstanding awards, (4) the securities, cash or other property deliverable upon exercise or payment of any outstanding awards, and (5) the 162(m) compensation limitations set forth in Section 5.2.7 and (subject to Section 8.8.3(a)) the performance standards applicable to any outstanding awards (provided that no adjustment shall be allowed to the extent inconsistent with the requirements of Code section l 62(m)). Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section 7. I shall be made in a manner that, in the good faith determination of the Administrator, will not likely result in the imposition of additional taxes or interest under Section 409A of the Code. With respect to any award of an ISO, the Administrator may make such an adjustment that causes the option to cease to qualify as an ISO without the consent of the affected participant.

7.2 Change in Control. Upon a Change in Control, each then-outstanding option and SAR shall automatically become fully vested, all restricted shares then outstanding shall automatically fully vest free of restrictions, and each other award granted under this Plan that is then outstanding shall automatically become vested and payable to the holder of such award unless the Administrator has made appropriate provision for the substitution, assumption, exchange or other continuation of the award pursuant to the Change in Control. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Administrator, in its sole and absolute discretion, may choose (in an award agreement or otherwise) to provide for full or partial accelerated vesting of any award upon a Change In Control (or upon any other event or other circumstance related to the Change in Control, such as an involuntary termination of employment occurring after such Change in Control, as the Administrator may determine), irrespective of whether such any such award bas been substituted, assumed, exchanged or otherwise continued pursuant to the Change in Control.

For purposes of this Plan, "Change in Control" shall be deemed to have occurred if:

(i)a tender offer (or series of related offers) shall be made and consummated for the ownership of 50% or more of the outstanding voting securities of the Corporation, unless as a result of such tender offer more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the surviving or resulting corporation shall be owned in the aggregate by the stockholders of the Corporation (as of the time immediately prior to the commencement of such offer), any employee benefit plan of the Corporation or its Subsidiaries, and their affiliates;

(ii)the Corporation shall be merged or consolidated with another entity, unless as a result of such merger or consolidation more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the surviving or resulting entity shall be owned in the aggregate by the stockholders of the Corporation (as of the time immediately prior to such transaction), any employee benefit plan of the Corporation or its Subsidiaries, and their affiliates;

(iii) the Corporation shall sell substantially all of its assets to another entity that is not wholly owned by the Corporation, unless as a result of such sale more than 50% of such assets shall be owned in the aggregate by the stockholders of the Corporation (as of the time immediately prior to such transaction), any employee benefit plan of the Corporation or its Subsidiaries and their affiliates; or 

(iv)a Person (as defined below) shall acquire 50% or more of the outstanding voting securities of the Corporation (whether directly, indirectly, beneficially or of record), unless as a result of such acquisition more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the surviving or resulting corporation shall be owned in the aggregate by the stockholders of the Corporation (as of the time immediately prior to the first acquisition of such securities by such Person), any employee benefit plan of the Corporation or its Subsidiaries, and their affiliates.

For purposes of this Section 5(c), ownership of voting securities shall take into account and shall include ownership as determined by applying the provisions of Rule 13d-3(d)(I)(i) (as in effect on the date hereof) under the Exchange Act. In addition, for such purposes, "Person" shall have the meaning given in Section 3(a)(9) of the Exchange Act, as modified and used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) thereof; 12rovided , however , that a Person shall not include (A) the Company or any of its Subsidiaries; (B) a trustee or other fiduciary holding securities under an employee benefit plan of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries; (C) an underwriter temporarily holding securities pursuant to an offering of such securities; or (D) a corporation owned, directly or indirectly, by the stockholders of the Company in substantially the same proportion as their ownership of stock of the Company.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, (1) the Administrator may waive the requirement described in paragraph (iv) above that a Person must acquire more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Corporation for a Change in Control to have occurred if the Administrator determines that the percentage acquired by a person is significant (as determined by the Administrator in its discretion) and that waiving such condition is appropriate in light of all facts and circumstances, and (2) no compensation that has been deferred for purposes of Section 409A of the Code shall be payable as a result of a Change in Control unless the Change in Control qualifies as a change in ownership or effective control of the Corporation within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code.

7.3 Early Termination of Awards. Any award that has been accelerated as required or permitted by Section 7.2 upon a Change in Control (or would have been so accelerated but for Section 7.4 or 7.5) shall terminate upon such event, subject to any provision that has been expressly made by the Administrator, through a plan of reorganization or otherwise, for the survival, substitution, assumption, exchange or other continuation of such award and provided that, in the case of options and SARs that will not survive, be substituted for, assumed, exchanged, or otherwise continued in the transaction, the holder of such award shall be given reasonable advance notice of the impending termination and a reasonable opportunity to exercise his or her outstanding options and SARs in accordance with their terms before the termination of such awards (except that in no case shall more than ten days' notice of accelerated vesting and the impending termination be required and any acceleration may be made contingent upon the actual occurrence of the event).

The Administrator may make provision for payment in cash or property (or both) in respect of awards terminated pursuant to this section as a result of the Change in Control and may adopt such valuation methodologies for outstanding awards as it deems reasonable and, in the case of options, SARs or similar rights, and without limiting other methodologies, may base such settlement solely upon the excess if any of the per share amount payable upon or in respect of such event over the exercise or base price of the award.

7.4 Other Acceleration Rules. Any acceleration of awards pursuant to this Section 7 shall comply with applicable legal and stock exchange requirements and, if necessary to accomplish the purposes of the acceleration or if the circumstances require, may be deemed by the Administrator to occur a limited period of time not greater than 30 days before the event. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Administrator may deem an acceleration to occur immediately prior to the applicable event and/or reinstate the original terms of an award if an event giving rise to the acceleration does not occur. Notwithstanding any other provision of the Plan to the contrary, the Administrator may override the provisions of Section 7.2, 7.3, and/or 7.5 by express provision in the award agreement or otherwise. The portion of any ISO accelerated pursuant to Section 7.2 or any other action permitted hereunder shall remain exercisable as an ISO only to the extent the applicable $100,000 limitation on ISOs is not exceeded. To the extent exceeded, the accelerated portion of the option shall be exercisable as a nonqualified stock option under the Code.

7.5 Possible Rescission of Acceleration. If the vesting of an award has been accelerated expressly in anticipation of an event and the Administrator later determines that the event will not occur, the Administrator may rescind the effect of the acceleration as to any then outstanding and unexercised or otherwise unvested awards; provided, that , in the case of any compensation that has been deferred for purposes of Section 409A of the Code, the Administrator determines that such rescission will not likely result in the imposition of additional tax or interest under Code Section 409A.

8. OTHER PROVISIONS

8.1 Compliance with Laws. This Plan, the granting and vesting of awards under this Plan, the offer, issuance and delivery of shares of Common Stock, the acceptance of promissory notes and/or the payment of money under this Plan or under awards are subject to compliance with all applicable federal and state laws, rules and regulations (including but not limited to state and federal securities law, federal margin requirements) and to such approvals by any applicable stock exchange listing, regulatory or governmental authority as may, in the opinion of counsel for the Corporation, be necessary or advisable in connection therewith. The person acquiring any securities under this Plan will, if requested by the Corporation or one of its Subsidiaries, provide such assurances and representations to the Corporation or one of its Subsidiaries as the Administrator may deem necessary or desirable to assure compliance with all applicable legal and accounting requirements.

8.2 Future Awards/Other Rights. No person shall have any claim or rights to be granted an award (or additional awards, as the case may be) under this Plan, subject to any express contractual rights (set forth in a document other than this Plan) to the contrary.

8.3 No Employment/Service Contract. Nothing contained in this Plan (or in any other documents under this Plan or in any award) shall confer upon any Eligible Person or other participant any right to continue in the employ or other service of the Corporation or one of its Subsidiaries, constitute any contract or agreement of employment or other service or affect an employee's status as an employee at will, nor shall interfere in any way with the right of the Corporation or one of its Subsidiaries to change a person's compensation or other benefits, or to terminate his or her employment or other service, with or without cause. Nothing in this Section 8.3, however, is intended to adversely affect any express independent right of such person under a separate employment or service contract other than an award agreement.

8.4 Plan Not Funded. Awards payable under this Plan shall be payable in shares or from the general assets of the Corporation, and no special or separate reserve, fund or deposit shall be made to assure payment of such awards. No participant, beneficiary or other person shall have any right, title or interest in any fund or in any specific asset (including shares of Common Stock, except as expressly otherwise provided) of the Corporation or one of its Subsidiaries by reason of any award hereunder. Neither the provisions of this Plan (or of any related documents), nor the creation or adoption of this Plan, nor any action taken pursuant to the provisions of this Plan shall create, or be construed to create, a trust of any kind or a fiduciary relationship between the Corporation or one of its Subsidiaries and any participant, beneficiary or other person. To the extent that a participant, beneficiary or other person acquires a right to receive payment pursuant to any award hereunder, such right shall be no greater than the right of any unsecured general creditor of the Corporation.

8.5 Tax Withholding. Upon any exercise, vesting, or payment of any award, the Corporation or one of its Subsidiaries shall have the right at its option to:

(a)require the participant (or the participant's personal representative or beneficiary, as the case may be) to pay or provide for payment of at least the minimum amount of any taxes which the Corporation or one of its Subsidiaries may be required to withhold with respect to such award event or payment; or

(b)deduct from any amount otherwise payable in cash to the participant (or the participant's personal representative or beneficiary, as the case may be) the minimum amount of any taxes which the Corporation or one of its Subsidiaries may be required to withhold with respect to such cash payment.

In any case where a tax is required to be withheld in connection with the delivery of shares of Common Stock under this Plan, the Administrator may in its sole discretion (subject to Section 8.1) grant (either at the time of the award or thereafter) to the participant the right to elect, pursuant to such rules and subject to such conditions as the Administrator may establish, to have the Corporation reduce the number of shares to be delivered by (or otherwise reacquire) the appropriate number of shares, valued in a consistent manner at their Fair Market Value or at the sales price in accordance with authorized procedures for cashless exercises, necessary to satisfy the minimum applicable withholding obligation on exercise, vesting or payment. In no event shall the shares withheld exceed the minimum whole number of shares required for tax withholding under applicable law.

8.6 Effective Date, Termination and Suspension, Amendments.

8.6.1 Effective Date and Termination. This Plan was approved by the Board and became effective on August 3, 2016. Unless earlier terminated by the Board, this Plan shall terminate at the close of business on August 3, 2026. After the termination of this Plan either upon such stated expiration date or its earlier termination by the Board, no additional awards may be granted under this Plan, but previously granted awards (and the authority of the Administrator with respect thereto, including the authority to amend such awards) shall remain outstanding in accordance with their applicable terms and conditions and the terms and conditions of this Plan.

8.6.2 Board Authorization. The Board may, at any time, terminate or, from time to time, amend, modify or suspend this Plan, in whole or in part. No awards may be granted during any period that the Board suspends this Plan.

8.6.3 Stockholder Approval. To the extent then required by applicable law or any applicable stock exchange or required under Sections 162, 422 or 424 of the Code to preserve the intended tax consequences of this Plan, or deemed necessary or advisable by the Board, this Plan and any amendment to this Plan shall be subject to stockholder approval.

8.6.4 Amendments to Awards. Without limiting any other express authority of the Administrator under (but subject to) the express limits of this Plan, the Administrator by agreement or resolution may waive conditions of or limitations on awards to participants that the Administrator in the prior exercise of its discretion has imposed, without the consent of a participant, and (subject to the requirements of Sections 3.2 and 8.6.5) may make other changes to the terms and conditions of awards. Any amendment or other action that would constitute a repricing of an award is subject to the limitations set forth in Section 3.2(g).

8.6.5 Limitations on Amendments to Plan and Awards. No amendment, suspension or termination of this Plan or change of or affecting any outstanding award shall, without written consent of the participant, affect in any manner materially adverse to the participant any rights or benefits of the participant or obligations of the Corporation under any award granted under this Plan prior to the effective date of such change. Changes, settlements and other actions contemplated by Section 7 shall not be deemed to constitute changes or amendments for purposes of this Section 8.6.

8.7 Privileges of Stock Ownership. Except as otherwise expressly authorized by the Administrator or this Plan, a participant shall not be entitled to any privilege of stock ownership as to any shares of Common Stock not actually delivered to and held of record by the participant. No adjustment will be made for dividends or other rights as a stockholder for which a record date is prior to such date of delivery.

8.8 Governing Law; Construction; Severability.

8.8.1 Choice of Law. This Plan, the awards, all documents evidencing awards and all other related documents shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Nevada.

8.8.2 Severability. If a court of competent jurisdiction holds any provision invalid and unenforceable, the remaining provisions of this Plan shall continue in effect.

8.8.3 Plan Construction.

(a)Rule 16b-3. It is the intent of the Corporation that the awards and transactions permitted by awards be interpreted in a manner that, in the case of participants who are or may be subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act, qualify, to the maximum extent compatible with the express tem1s of the award, for exemption from matching liability under Rule l 6b-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Corporation shall have no liability to any participant for Section 16 consequences of awards or events under awards if an award or event does not so qualify.

(b) Section 162(m). Awards under Sections 5.1.4 through 5.1.7 to persons described in Section 5.2 that are either granted or become vested, exercisable or payable based on attainment of one or more performance goals related to the Business Criteria, as well as Qualifying Options and Qualifying SARs granted to persons described in Section 5.2, that are approved by a committee composed solely of two or more outside directors (as this requirement is applied under Section 162(m) of the Code) shall be deemed to be intended as performance-based compensation within the meaning of Section l 62(m) of the Code unless such committee provides otherwise at the time of grant of the award. It is the further intent of the Corporation that (to the extent the Corporation or one of its Subsidiaries or awards under this Plan may be or become subject to limitations on deductibility under Section 162(m) of the Code) any such awards and any other Performance-Based Awards under Section 5.2 that are granted to or held by a person subject to Section l 62(m) will qualify as performance-based compensation or otherwise be exempt from deductibility limitations under Section l 62(m).

(c)Code Section 409A Compliance. The Board intends that, except as may be otherwise determined by the Administrator, any awards under the Plan are either exempt from or satisfy the requirements of Section 409A of the Code and related regulations and Treasury pronouncements ("Section 409A") to avoid the imposition of any taxes, including additional income or penalty taxes, thereunder. If the Administrator determines that an award, award agreement, acceleration, adjustment to the terms of an award, payment, distribution, deferral election, transaction or any other action or arrangement contemplated by the provisions of the Plan would, if undertaken, cause a participant's award to become subject to Section 409A, unless the Administrator expressly determines otherwise, such award, award agreement, payment, acceleration, adjustment, distrib11tion, deferral election, transaction or other action or arrangement shall not be undertaken and the related provisions of the Plan and/or award agreement will be deemed modified or, if necessary, rescinded in order to comply with the requirements of Section 409A to the extent determined by the Administrator without the content or notice to the participant. Notwithstanding the foregoing, neither the Company nor the Administrator shall have any obligation to take any action to prevent the assessment of any excise tax or penalty on any participant under Section 409A and neither the Company nor the Administrator will have any liability to any participant for such tax or penalty.

(d)No Guarantee of Favorable Tax Treatment. Although the Company intends that awards under the Plan will be exempt from, or will comply with, the requirements of Section 409A of the Code, the Company does not warrant that any award under the Plan will qualify for favorable tax treatment under Section 409A of the Code or any other provision of federal, state, local or foreign law. The Company shall not be liable to any participant for any tax, interest or penalties the participant might owe as a result of the grant, holding, vesting, exercise or payment of any award under the Plan

8.9 Captions. Captions and headings are given to the sections and subsections of this Plan solely as a convenience to facilitate reference. Such headings shall not be deemed in any way material or relevant to the construction or interpretation of this Plan or any provision thereof.

8.10 Stock-Based Awards in Substitution for Stock Options or Awards Granted by Other Corporation. Awards may be granted to Eligible Persons in substitution for or in connection with an assumption of employee stock options, SARs, restricted stock or other stock-based awards granted by other entities to persons who are or who will become Eligible Persons in respect of the Corporation or one of its Subsidiaries, in connection with a distribution, arrangement, business combination, merger or other reorganization by or with the granting entity or an affiliated entity, or the acquisition by the Corporation or one of its Subsidiaries, directly or indirectly, of all or a substantial part of the stock or assets of the employing entity. The awards so granted need not comply with other specific tem1s of this Plan, provided the awards reflect only adjustments giving effect to the assumption or substitution consistent with the conversion applicable to the Common Stock in the transaction and any change in the issuer of the security. Any shares that are delivered and any awards that are granted by, or become obligations of, the Corporation, as a result of the assumption by the Corporation of, or in substitution for, outstanding awards previously granted by an acquired company (or previously granted by a predecessor employer (or direct or indirect parent thereof) in the case of persons that become employed by the Corporation or one of its Subsidiaries in connection with a business or asset acquisition or similar transaction) shall not be counted against the Share Limit or other limits on the number of shares available for issuance under this Plan, except as may otherwise be provided by the Administrator at the time of such assumption or substitution or as may be required to comply with the requirements of any applicable stock exchange.

8.11 Non-Exclusivity of Plan. Nothing in this Plan shall limit or be deemed to limit the authority of the Board or the Administrator to grant awards or authorize any other compensation, with or without reference to the Common Stock, under any other plan or authority.

8.12 No Corporate Action Restriction. The existence of this Plan, the award agreements and the awards granted hereunder shall not limit, affect or restrict in any way the right or power of the Board or the stockholders of the Corporation to make or authorize:(a) any adjustment, recapitalization, reorganization or other change in the capital structure or business of the Corporation or any

Subsidiary, (b) any merger, arrangement, business combination, amalgamation, consolidation or change in the ownership of the Corporation or any Subsidiary, (c) any issue of bonds, debentures, capital, preferred or prior preference stock ahead of or affecting the capital stock (or the rights thereof) of the Corporation or any Subsidiary, (d) any dissolution or liquidation of the Corporation or any Subsidiary, (e) any sale or transfer of all or any part of the assets or business of the Corporation or any Subsidiary, or (f) any other corporate act or proceeding by the Corporation or any Subsidiary. No participant, beneficiary or any other person shall have any claim under any award or award agreement against any member of the Board or the Administrator, or the Corporation or any employees, officers or agents of the Corporation or any Subsidiary, as a result of any such action.

8.13 Other Corporation Benefit and Compensation Programs. Payments and other benefits received by a participant under an award made pursuant to this Plan shall not be deemed a part of a participant's compensation for purposes of the determination of benefits under any other employee welfare or benefit plans or arrangements, if any, provided by the Corporation or any Subsidiary, except where the Administrator expressly otherwise provides or authorizes in writing or except as otherwise specifically set forth in the terms and conditions of such other employee welfare or benefit plan or arrangement. Awards under this Plan may be made in addition to, in combination with, as alternatives to or in payment of grants, awards or commitments under any other plans or arrangements of

the Corporation or its Subsidiaries.

8.14 Prohibition on Repricing. Subject to Section 4, the Administrator shall not, without the approval of the stockholders of the Corporation (i) reduce the exercise price, or cancel and reissue options so as to in effect reduce the exercise price or (ii) change the manner of determining the exercise price so that the exercise price is less than the fair market value per share of Common Stock.

As adopted by the Board of Directors of Red Cat Holdings, Inc. on May_, 2019.

EX-21.1

Exhibit 21.1

List of Subsidiaries of Red Cat Holdings, Inc.

Name of Subsidiaries	Jurisdiction
Red Cat Propware, Inc.	Nevada
Skypersonic, Inc.	Indirect Subsidiary (Michigan)
Red Cat Skypersonic, Inc.	Subsidiary (Nevada)
Teal Drones, Inc.	Subsidiary (Delaware)

EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT AND RULE 13A-14(A)

OR 15D-14(A) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

I, Jeffrey Thompson, certify that:

1.	I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Red Cat Holdings, Inc., a Nevada corporation, for the year ended April 30, 2024;
2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: August 8, 2024	By:	/s/ Jeffrey Thompson
		Jeffrey Thompson
		Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATIONS

I, Leah Lunger, certify that:

1.	I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Red Cat Holdings, Inc., a Nevada corporation, for the year ended April 30, 2024;
2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: August 8, 2024	By:	/s/ Leah Lunger
		Leah Lunger
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Red Cat Holdings, Inc., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”), for the year ended April 30, 2024, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Jeffrey Thompson, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)	The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2)	The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: August 8, 2024	By	/s/ Jeffrey Thompson
	Name:	Jeffrey Thompson
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-32.2

EXHIBIT 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Red Cat Holdings, Inc., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”), for the year ended April 30, 2024, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Leah Lunger, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)	The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2)	The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: August 8, 2024	By	/s/ Leah Lunger
	Name:	Leah Lunger
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

EX-97.1

Exhibit 97.1

RED CAT HOLDINGS, INC.

POLICY ON RECOVERY OF ERRONEOUSLY AWARDED COMPENSATION

November 28, 2023

1.Overview

The Board believes that it is in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders to adopt this Policy to provide for the recovery of certain Incentive-Based Compensation in the event of an Accounting Restatement. This Policy is designed to comply with, and shall be interpreted to be consistent with, Section 10D of the Exchange Act, the regulations and rules promulgated by the SEC thereunder, including, without limitation, Rule 10D-1 promulgated under the Exchange Act (“Rule 10D-1”), and the applicable rules, regulations and listing standards of the Exchange (collectively, and as the same may be in effect from time to time, the “Applicable Rules”). Unless otherwise defined in this Policy, capitalized terms used in this Policy have the meanings given to them in Section 2.

2.Definitions

(a)“Accounting Restatement” means an accounting restatement of the Company’s financial statements due to the Company’s material noncompliance with any financial reporting requirement under U.S. securities laws, including any required accounting restatement to correct an error in previously issued financial statements that is material to the previously issued financial statements, or that would result in a material misstatement if the error were corrected in the current period or left uncorrected in the current period.

(b)“Board” means the Board of Directors of the Company, as constituted from time to time.

(c)“Clawback Eligible Incentive-Based Compensation” means, in connection with an Accounting Restatement and with respect to each individual who served as a Senior Executive at any time during the applicable performance period for any Incentive-Based Compensation (whether or not such Senior Executive is serving at the time the Erroneously Awarded Compensation is required to be recouped by the Company), all Incentive-Based Compensation Received by such Senior Executive (i) on or after the Effective Date, (ii) after beginning service as a Senior Executive, (iii) while the Company has a class of securities listed on a national securities exchange, and (iv) during the applicable Look-Back Period.

(d)“Committee” means the Compensation Committee of the Board or such other committee or subcommittee of the Board, if any, duly appointed to administer this Policy and having such powers in each instance as shall be specified by the Board and as specified in Section 3 of this Policy. The Board may also serve as the Committee.

(e)“Company” means Red Cat Holdings, Inc. a Nevada corporation.

(f)“Effective Date” means October 2, 2023.

(g)“Erroneously Awarded Compensation” means, with respect to each Senior Executive in connection with an Accounting Restatement, the amount of the Clawback Eligible Incentive-Based Compensation that exceeds the amount of the Incentive-Based Compensation that would have been Received had the amount of such Incentive-Based Compensation been calculated based on the restated amounts, as determined by the Committee, calculated by the Committee without regard to any taxes paid. With respect to Incentive-Based Compensation based on (or derived from) TSR or stock price, where the amount of Erroneously Awarded Compensation is not subject to mathematical recalculation directly from the information in the applicable Accounting Restatement, the Committee shall determine the amount of Erroneously Awarded Compensation based on a reasonable estimate of the effect of the Accounting Restatement on the TSR or stock price upon which the Incentive-Based Compensation was Received.

(h)“Exchange” means The Nasdaq Stock Market.

(i)“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

(j)“Financial Reporting Measure” means any measure that is determined and presented in accordance with the accounting principles used in preparing the Company’s financial statements, and any measure that is derived wholly or in part from such measure, including but not limited to, “non-GAAP financial measures” for purposes of Exchange Act Regulation G and Item 10 of Regulation S-K, as well as other measures, metrics and ratios that are not non-GAAP measures, like same store sales. Financial Reporting Measures include but are not limited to the following (and any measures derived from the following): stock price; TSR; revenues; net income; operating income; profitability of one or more reportable segments; financial ratios (e.g., accounts receivable turnover and inventory turnover rates); earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization; funds from operations and adjusted funds from operations; liquidity measures (e.g., working capital, operating cash flow); return measures (e.g., return on invested capital, return on assets); earnings measures (e.g., earnings per share); sales per square foot or same store sales, where sales is subject to an Accounting Restatement; revenue per user, or average revenue per user, where revenue is subject to an Accounting Restatement; cost per employee, where cost is subject to an Accounting Restatement; any of such financial reporting measures relative to a peer group, where the Company’s financial reporting measure is subject to an Accounting Restatement; and tax basis income. A Financial Reporting Measure need not be presented within the Company’s financial statements or included in a report or other document filed with the SEC.

(k)“Incentive-Based Compensation” means any compensation granted, earned or vested based wholly or in part upon the attainment of a Financial Reporting Measure, measured on a pre-tax basis. Incentive-Based Compensation includes, without limitation: any non-equity incentive plan awards that are earned based wholly or in part on satisfying a Financial Reporting Measure performance goal; bonuses paid from a “bonus pool,” the size of which is determined based wholly or in part on satisfying a Financial Reporting Measure performance goal; other cash awards based on satisfaction of a Financial Reporting Measure performance goal; restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance share units, stock options, and stock appreciation rights that are granted or become vested based wholly or in part on satisfying a Financial Reporting Measure Performance Goal; and proceeds received upon the sale of shares acquired through an incentive plan that were granted or vested based wholly or in part on satisfying a Financial Reporting Measure performance goal.

(l)“Look-Back Period” means, with respect to an Accounting Restatement, the three completed fiscal years of the Company immediately preceding the Restatement Date and any transition period (that results from a change in the Company’s fiscal year) within or immediately following those three completed fiscal years (except that a transition period that comprises a period of at least nine months shall count as a completed fiscal year).

(m)“Policy” means this Policy on Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation as the same may be amended, modified, supplemented, and/or restated from time to time.

(n)“Received” means, with respect to Incentive-Based Compensation, actual or deemed receipt, and Incentive-Based Compensation shall be deemed “Received” in the Company’s fiscal period during which the applicable Financial Reporting Measure specified in the Incentive-Based Compensation award is attained, even if the payment or grant of such Incentive-Based Compensation occurs after the end of that period. If an equity award vests only upon satisfaction of a Financial Reporting Measure performance condition, the award shall be deemed Received in the fiscal period when it vests. Ministerial acts or other conditions necessary to effect issuance or payment, such as calculating the amount earned or obtaining Board approval of payment, do not affect the determination of the date Received.

(o)“Restatement Date” means the earlier to occur of (i) the date the Board, a committee of the Board, or the officer or officers of the Company authorized to take such action if Board action is not required, concludes, or reasonably should have concluded, that the Company is required to prepare an Accounting Restatement or (ii) the date a court, regulator or other legally authorized body directs the Company to prepare an Accounting Restatement, in each case regardless of if or when the restated financial statements are filed.

(p)“SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

(q)“Senior Executives” means any person who was the Company’s president, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer (or if there is no such accounting officer, the controller), any vice-president of the Company in charge of a principal business unit, division, or function (such as sales, administration, or finance), any other officer who performed a policy-making function, or any other person who performed similar policy-making functions for the Company and any other “key employees” who were designated as “Senior Executives” by the Committee. Executive officers of the Company’s parents or subsidiaries may be deemed Senior Executives if they perform policy-making functions for the Company. For purposes of this definition, policy-making function is not intended to include policy-making functions that are not significant. All executive officers of the Company identified by the Board pursuant to Item 401(b) of Regulation S-K shall be deemed Senior Executives.

(r)“TSR” means total stockholder return.

3.Administration of Policy

(a)The Policy shall be administrated by the Committee. All questions of interpretation or application of this Policy shall be determined by the Committee. All Committee decisions shall be final and binding upon all persons and shall be afforded the maximum deference permitted under applicable law. The Committee is authorized to make all determinations necessary, appropriate or advisable for the administration of this Policy and to use any of the Company’s resources it deems appropriate to recoup Erroneously Awarded Compensation.

(b)Determinations of financial and/or accounting irregularities for purposes of this Policy shall be made by the Committee independently of, and the Committee shall not be bound by, determinations by management or by any other committee of the Board.

(c)In the administration of this Policy, the Committee is authorized and directed to consult with the full Board or such other committees of the Board as may be necessary or appropriate as to matters within the scope of such other committee’s responsibility and authority. Subject to any limitation under applicable law, the Committee may authorize and empower any officer or employee of the Company to take any and all actions necessary or appropriate to carry out the purpose and intent of this Policy (other than with respect to any recovery under this Policy involving such officer or employee).

4.Accounting Restatements; Recoupment

(a)If the Company is required to prepare an Accounting Restatement, the Company shall determine, in accordance with this Policy and the Applicable Rules, the amount of any Erroneously Awarded Compensation for each Senior Executive in connection with such Accounting Restatement, irrespective of any fault, misconduct or responsibility of any Senior Executive for the Accounting Restatement, and thereafter the Company shall reasonably promptly recover such amount of Erroneously Awarded Compensation. In connection with the foregoing, the Committee, which may act in conjunction with the Company’s Audit Committee, shall take all such actions required by this Policy and the Applicable Rules.

(b)If there was Erroneously Awarded Compensation, the Committee shall determine, in its sole discretion, the timing and method(s) for promptly recouping the same, which methods may include, without limitation, one or more of the following: (i) requiring reimbursement of any Erroneously Awarded Compensation; (ii) requiring reimbursement of any equity based compensation awarded; (iii) cancelling outstanding cash or equity-based awards, whether vested or unvested or paid or unpaid; (iv) cancelling or offsetting against any compensation otherwise owed by the Company to the Senior Executive, including any future cash or equity-based awards; (v) requiring the forfeiture of deferred compensation, subject to compliance with Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder; (vi) seeking recovery of any gain realized on the vesting, exercise, settlement, sale, transfer, or other disposition of any equity-based awards; and (viii) pursuing any other reasonable remedies. Subject to compliance with applicable law, the Committee may effect recoupment under this Policy from any amount otherwise payable to a Senior Executive, including amounts payable to such individual under any otherwise applicable Company plan or program, including base salary, bonuses or commissions and compensation previously deferred by the Senior Executive.

(c)To the extent that the Committee determines to recoup Erroneously Awarded Compensation from a Senior Executive by requiring the repayment of such Erroneously Awarded Compensation to the Company, and such Senior Executive fails to repay all Erroneously Awarded Compensation to the Company when due, the Company may take all actions reasonable and appropriate to recover such Erroneously Awarded Compensation from the applicable Senior Executive. The applicable Senior Executive shall be required to reimburse the Company for any and all expenses reasonably incurred (including legal fees) by the Company in recovering such Erroneously Awarded Compensation in accordance with the immediately preceding sentence.

(d)In the event of an Accounting Restatement, except to the extent permitted by the Applicable Rules, the Committee will generally treat all Senior Executives (including former employees) the same with respect to any actions seeking to recoup Erroneously Awarded Compensation.

5.Impracticability

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, the Company shall not be required to recoup Erroneously Awarded Compensation under this Policy if the Compensation Committee of the Board, or in the absence of such a committee, a majority of the independent directors serving on the Board, has determined that recovery would be impracticable in accordance with the Applicable Rules and subject to the procedural and disclosure requirements in the Applicable Rules.

6.Other Recoupment Rights

The Board intends that this Policy shall be applied to the fullest extent of the law. Any right of recoupment under this Policy is in addition to, and not in lieu of, any other remedies or rights of recoupment that may be available to the Company under applicable law (including, without limitation, Section 304 of the U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, or Section 954 of the U.S. Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, as amended), pursuant to the terms of any other policy of the Company, pursuant to the terms of any employment agreement, equity award agreement, severance or other agreement, and any other legal remedies available to the Company. Nothing herein, and no recoupment or recovery as contemplated by this Policy, shall (i) limit any claims, damages or other legal remedies the Company or any of its affiliates may have against a Senior Executive arising out of or resulting from any actions or omissions by the Senior Executive or (ii) limit the Company’s ability to seek recovery, in appropriate circumstances (including circumstances beyond the scope of this Policy) as permitted by applicable law, of any amounts from any employee, whether or not the employee is a Senior Executive.

7.No Indemnification or Company-Paid Insurance

Notwithstanding the terms of any indemnification or insurance policy or any contractual arrangement with any Senior Executive that may be interpreted to the contrary: (a) the Company shall not indemnify any Senior Executive against (i) the loss of any Erroneously Awarded Compensation that is recouped, repaid, returned or recovered pursuant to the terms of this Policy; or (ii) any claims relating to the Company’s enforcement of its rights under this Policy; and (b) the Company is prohibited from paying or reimbursing a Senior Executive for the cost of or premiums of any third-party insurance purchased to fund any potential obligations of a Senior Executive under this Policy. Further, the Company shall not enter into any agreement that exempts any Incentive-Based Compensation from the application of this Policy or that waives the Company’s right to recoup any Erroneously Awarded Compensation, and this Policy shall supersede any such agreement (whether entered into before, on or after the Effective Date).

8.Committee Indemnification

No members of the Committee, nor any other members of the Board who assist in the administration of this Policy, nor any officer of employee of the Company authorized and empowered by the Committee who assists in the administration of this Policy shall be personally liable for any action, determination or interpretation made with respect to this Policy, and each of the foregoing shall be fully indemnified by the Company to the fullest extent under applicable law and Company policy with respect to any such action, determination or interpretation. The foregoing sentence shall not limit any other rights to indemnification of the members of the Board or any officer of employee of the Company under applicable law, Company policy or contractual arrangement.

9.Retroactive Application

This Policy applies to any Incentive-Based Compensation that is Received by a Senior Executive on or after the Effective Date, even if such Incentive-Based Compensation was approved, awarded, granted or paid to such Senior Executive prior to the Effective Date. Without limiting the generality of Section 4, and subject to applicable law, the Committee may recoup Erroneously Awarded Compensation under this Policy from any amount of compensation approved, awarded, granted, payable or paid to the Senior Executive prior to, on or after the Effective Date.

10.Notice to Senior Executives

The Company shall provide notice and seek written agreement to this Policy from each Senior Executive in form attached hereto; provided, that the failure to obtain such agreement shall have no impact on the applicability or enforceability of this Policy.

11.Amendment and Termination; Interpretation; Successors

(a)The Board may amend, modify, supplement, restate, rescind, terminate or replace all or any portion of this Policy at any time and from time to time in its sole discretion, including, without limitation, as the Board deems necessary to reflect and comply with applicable law or any of the Applicable Rules. To the extent of any inconsistency between this Policy and any of the Applicable Rules, the Applicable Rules shall control and this Policy shall be deemed amended to incorporate such Applicable Rules unless the Committee shall expressly determine otherwise. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, no amendment, modification, supplement, restatement, rescission, termination or replacement of this Policy shall be effective if such amendment, modification, supplement, restatement, rescission, termination or replacement would (after taking into account any actions taken by the Company contemporaneously with such amendment, modification, supplement, restatement, rescission, termination or replacement) cause the Company to violate any of the Applicable Rules or other applicable law.

(a)This Policy shall be binding and enforceable against all Senior Executives and their beneficiaries, heirs, executors, administrators or other legal representatives, to the fullest extent of the law.

RED CAT HOLDINGS, INC.
Agreement to the Policy on Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation

This agreement is made as of _____________, by and between Red Cat Holdings, Inc., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”), and _____________ (the “Senior Executive”). Capitalized terms used in this agreement not defined in this agreement shall have the meaning set forth in the Policy (as defined below).

In exchange for any compensation received by (or to be paid) or awarded (or to be awarded) to the Senior Executive under any Company plan, policy or arrangement or on a discretionary basis whether or not pursuant to any plan, which includes without limitation any Incentive-Based Compensation (the “Compensation”), the parties hereby agree as follows:

1.The Senior Executive agrees to be bound fully by the terms of the Company’s Policy on Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation (as the same may be amended, modified, supplemented, and/or restated from time to time, the “Policy”), a copy of the present form of which has been provided to, and read and understood by, the Senior Executive.

2.The Senior Executive agrees to abide by the terms of the Policy, and in the event it is determined by the Committee that any amounts granted, awarded, earned or paid to the Senior Executive must be recouped or recovered by, or repaid, forfeited or reimbursed to, the Company in accordance with the Policy, the Senior Executive will promptly take any action necessary to effectuate the same.

3.The Policy applies to the Compensation notwithstanding any terms of the plan, policy or agreement under which it is granted or the terms of any employment agreement to which the Senior Executive is a party.

4.Any amendments, modifications, supplements, or restatements to or of the Policy, including without limitation any amendments to comply with applicable law, will be applicable to the Senior Executive.

5.The laws of the State of Nevada, without regard to its conflict of law provisions, shall govern the interpretation and validity of the provisions of this agreement and all questions relating to this agreement.

6.This agreement shall be binding on the Senior Executive and his/her heirs, successors and legal representatives, and on the Company and its successors.

7.If the terms of the Policy and this agreement conflict, the terms of the Policy shall prevail.

8.In the event that any provision of this agreement, or the application thereof, becomes or is declared by a court of competent jurisdiction to be illegal, void or unenforceable, the remainder of this agreement shall continue in full force and effect and shall be interpreted so as reasonably to effect the intent of the parties hereto.

9.Any Compensation may be subject to reimbursement, clawback and/or forfeiture pursuant to applicable law, under circumstances that are different from those applicable under the Policy, and the Senior Executive consents to application of any such reimbursement, clawback or forfeiture.

This agreement, together with the Policy, which incorporated by reference herein, sets forth the entire understanding of the parties and supersedes all prior agreements, arrangements, and other communications, whether oral or written, pertaining to the subject matter hereof; and this agreement shall not be modified or amended except by written agreement of the Company and the Senior Executive.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company and the Senior Executive have executed this agreement effective as of the day and year first above written.

____________________________
[Name of Senior Executive]

Red Cat Holdings, Inc.

____________________________
By:
Its:

XML

Cover - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024	Aug. 05, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-K
Amendment Flag	false
Document Annual Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Document Period End Date	Apr. 30, 2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--04-30
Entity File Number	001-40202
Entity Registrant Name	Red Cat Holdings, Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	0000748268
Entity Tax Identification Number	88-0490034
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	NV
Entity Address, Address Line One	15 Ave. Munoz Rivera
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Ste 2200
Entity Address, City or Town	San Juan
Entity Address, Country	PR
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	00901
City Area Code	(833)
Local Phone Number	373-3228
Title of 12(b) Security	Common stock, par value $0.001
Trading Symbol	RCAT
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 50,844,411
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		74,600,737
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	true
Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag]	false
Auditor Firm ID	3501
Auditor Name	dbbmckennon
Auditor Location	Newport Beach, California

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023
Current assets
Cash	$ 6,067,169	$ 3,173,649
Marketable securities		12,814,038
Accounts receivable, net	4,361,090	719,862
Inventory	8,007,237	8,920,573
Other	3,962,053	1,263,735
Current assets of discontinued operations		5,283,155
Total current assets	22,397,549	32,175,012
Goodwill	9,088,550	17,012,832
Intangible assets, net	3,794,389	6,893,115
Equity method investee	5,142,500
Note receivable	4,000,000
Property and equipment, net	2,340,684	2,650,358
Other	293,126	303,180
Operating lease right-of-use assets	1,480,814	1,600,434
Long-term assets of discontinued operations		108,397
Total long-term assets	26,140,063	28,568,316
TOTAL ASSETS	48,537,612	60,743,328
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	1,580,422	1,392,550
Accrued expenses	1,069,561	409,439
Debt obligations - short term	751,570	922,138
Customer deposits	53,939	155,986
Operating lease liabilities	195,638	159,423
Current liabilities of discontinued operations		1,010,501
Total current liabilities	3,651,130	4,050,037
Operating lease liabilities	1,321,952	1,481,967
Debt obligations - long term		401,569
Long-term liabilities of discontinued operations		41,814
Total long-term liabilities	1,321,952	1,925,350
Stockholders' equity
Series B preferred stock - shares authorized 4,300,000; issued and outstanding 4,676 and 986,676	47	9,867
Common stock - shares authorized 500,000,000; issued and outstanding 74,289,351 and 54,568,065	74,289	54,568
Additional paid-in capital	124,616,305	112,642,726
Accumulated deficit	(81,130,732)	(57,078,103)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	4,621	(861,117)
Total stockholders' equity	43,564,530	54,767,941
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	$ 48,537,612	$ 60,743,328

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - shares	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023
Common Stock, Shares Authorized		500,000,000
Common Stock, Shares, Outstanding	74,289,351	54,568,065
Series B Preferred Stock [Member]
Preferred Stock, Shares Authorized		4,300,000
Preferred Stock, Shares Outstanding	4,676	986,676

XML

Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenues	$ 17,836,382	$ 4,620,834
Cost of goods sold	14,155,836	5,455,145
Gross profit (loss)	3,680,546	(834,311)
Operating Expenses
Research and development	5,896,037	5,595,281
Sales and marketing	4,568,617	3,731,776
General and administrative	10,679,105	12,383,470
Impairment loss	412,999	2,826,918
Total operating expenses	21,556,758	24,537,445
Operating loss	(17,876,212)	(25,371,756)
Other (income) expense
Gain on divestiture of consumer segment	(9,642,427)
Impairment on equity method investment	11,353,875
Equity method loss	503,625
Investment loss (income), net	651,943	(82,798)
Interest expense	68,609	122,004
Other, net	714,859	965,681
Other (income) expense	3,650,484	1,004,887
Net loss from continuing operations	(21,526,696)	(26,376,643)
Loss from discontinued operations	(2,525,933)	(1,730,386)
Net loss	$ (24,052,629)	$ (28,107,029)
Loss per share - basic and diluted
Continuing operations	$ (0.36)	$ (0.49)
Discontinued operations	(0.04)	(0.03)
Loss per share - basic and diluted	$ (0.40)	$ (0.52)
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic and diluted	60,118,675	53,860,199

XML

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($)	Series B Preferred Stock 1 [Member]	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]	Total
Balances, April 30, 2022, as restated at Apr. 30, 2022	$ 9,867	$ 53,749	$ 109,471,010	$ (28,971,074)	$ (1,470,272)	$ 79,093,280
Shares, Outstanding, Beginning Balance at Apr. 30, 2022	986,676	53,748,735
Stock based compensation			3,656,724			3,656,724
Vesting of restricted stock units		$ 779	(523,606)			(522,827)
Restricted Stock, Shares Issued Net of Shares for Tax Withholdings		779,498
Shares issued for services		$ 40	38,598			38,638
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Issued for Services		39,832
Unrealized gain on marketable securities					610,129	610,129
Currency translation adjustments					(974)	(974)
Net loss				(28,107,029)		(28,107,029)
Ending balance, value at Apr. 30, 2023	$ 9,867	$ 54,568	112,642,726	(57,078,103)	(861,117)	54,767,941
Shares, Outstanding, Ending Balance at Apr. 30, 2023	986,676	54,568,065
Stock based compensation			3,609,267			3,609,267
Vesting of restricted stock units		$ 447	(33,701)			(33,254)
Restricted Stock, Shares Issued Net of Shares for Tax Withholdings		446,717
Unrealized gain on marketable securities					864,165	864,165
Currency translation adjustments					1,573	1,573
Net loss				(24,052,629)		(24,052,629)
Conversion of preferred stock	$ (9,820)	$ 818	9,002
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Conversion of Convertible Securities	(982,000)	818,334
Issuance of common stock through ATM facility, net		$ 53	9,159			9,212
[custom:StockSharesIssuedNetThroughATMFacility]		53,235
Exercise of stock options		$ 3	2,652			2,655
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Exercises in Period		3,000
Public offering, net of $804,400 of issuance costs		$ 18,400	8,377,200			8,395,600
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues		18,400,000
Ending balance, value at Apr. 30, 2024	$ 47	$ 74,289	$ 124,616,305	$ (81,130,732)	$ 4,621	$ 43,564,530
Shares, Outstanding, Ending Balance at Apr. 30, 2024	4,676	74,289,351

XML

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Parenthetical)	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Payments of Stock Issuance Costs	$ 804,400

XML

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net loss	$ (24,052,629)	$ (28,107,029)
Net loss from discontinued operations	(2,525,933)	(1,730,386)
Net loss from continuing operations	(21,526,696)	(26,376,643)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash from operations:
Stock based compensation - options	2,619,501	1,617,982
Stock based compensation - restricted units	989,766	2,038,742
Common stock issued for services		38,638
Amortization of intangible assets	854,311	654,527
Realized loss from sale of marketable securities	851,986	296,012
Depreciation	568,813	311,545
Gain on divestiture of consumer segment	(9,642,427)
Impairment on equity method investment	11,353,875
Equity method loss	503,625
Impairment on goodwill and intangible assets	412,999	2,826,918
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable	(3,641,228)	(288,986)
Inventory	913,336	(5,707,525)
Other	(2,688,264)	559,660
Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities	(4,180)	25,733
Customer deposits	(102,047)	(136,628)
Accounts payable	187,872	434,803
Accrued expenses	661,695	(608,452)
Net cash used in operating activities of continuing operations	(17,687,063)	(24,313,674)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Proceeds from divestiture of consumer segment	1,000,000
Purchases of property and equipment	(259,139)	(2,450,213)
Proceeds from sale of marketable securities	12,826,217	32,290,448
Investment in SAFE agreement		(250,000)
Net cash provided by investing activities of continuing operations	13,567,078	29,590,235
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Public offering, net	8,395,600
ATM facility, net	9,212
Payments under debt obligations	(572,137)	(606,897)
Payments of taxes related to equity transactions	(33,254)	(581,775)
Exercise of stock options	2,655
Proceeds from related party obligations		13,404
Payments under related party obligations		(40,057)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities of continuing operations	7,802,076	(1,215,325)
Discontinued operations
Operating activities	(875,227)	(4,885,746)
Investing activities
Financing activities
Net cash used in discontinued operations	(875,227)	(4,885,746)
Net increase (decrease) in Cash	2,806,864	(824,510)
Cash, beginning of period	3,260,305	4,084,815
Cash, end of period	6,067,169	3,260,305
Less: Cash of discontinued operations		(86,656)
Cash of continuing operations, end of period	6,067,169	3,173,649
Cash paid for interest	70,177	122,103
Cash paid for income taxes
Non-cash transactions
Equity method investment from divestiture of consumer segment	17,000,000
Note receivable from divestiture of consumer segment	4,000,000
Unrealized gain on marketable securities	864,165	610,129
Conversion of preferred stock into common stock	9,820
Shares withheld as payment of note receivable		18,449
Taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards		$ 32,468

XML

Note 1 – The Business

12 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Note 1 – The Business

Note 1 – The Business

The Company was originally incorporated in February 1984. Since April 2016, the Company’s primary business has been to provide products, services, and solutions to the drone industry which it presently does through its wholly owned operating subsidiaries. Beginning in January 2020, the Company expanded the scope of its drone products and services through four acquisitions, including: 

A. In January 2020, the Company acquired Rotor Riot, a provider of First Person View (“FPV”) drones and equipment, primarily to consumers. The purchase price was $1,995,114.

B. In November 2020, the Company acquired Fat Shark Holdings (“Fat Shark”), a provider of FPV video goggles to the drone industry. The purchase price was $8,354,076.

C. In May 2021, the Company acquired Skypersonic which provided hardware and software solutions that enable drones to complete inspection services in locations where GPS is either denied or not available, yet still record and transmit data even while being operated from thousands of miles away. The purchase price was $2,791,012.

D. In August 2021, the Company acquired Teal Drones (“Teal”), a leader in commercial and government Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (“UAV”) technology. The purchase price was $10,011,279.

Following the Teal acquisition in August 2021, we concentrated on integrating and organizing these businesses. Effective May 1, 2022, we established the Enterprise segment (“Enterprise”) and the Consumer segment (“Consumer”) to focus on the unique opportunities in each sector. Enterprise's initial strategy was to provide UAVs to commercial enterprises, and the military, to navigate dangerous military environments and confined industrial and commercial interior spaces. Subsequently, Enterprise narrowed its near-term attention on the military and other government agencies. Skypersonic's technology has been redirected to military applications and its operations consolidated into Teal.

On December 11, 2023, the Company completed a firm commitment underwritten public offering with ThinkEquity of 18,400,000 shares of common stock which generated gross proceeds of $9,200,000 and net proceeds of approximately $8,400,000. 

On February 16, 2024, we closed the sale of our Consumer segment, consisting of Rotor Riot and Fat Shark, to Unusual Machines. The sale reflects the Company's decision to focus its efforts and capital on defense where it believes that there are more opportunities to create long term shareholder value. See Note 3 and Note 9.

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Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Accounting – The financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”). Certain prior period amounts have been restated to conform to the current year presentation.

Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements – The Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet as of April 30, 2023, Consolidated Statement of Operations, Stockholders’ Equity and Cash Flows for the year then ended, and its Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended April 30, 2023, which were originally filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on July 27, 2023 (the “Original Form 10-K”), have been restated. The Company revised its accounting estimate of the life of an operating lease that was previously reported in its Original Form 10-K. Upon further evaluation, the Company determined that prior year adjustments were necessary. These Consolidated Financial Statements were restated to reflect a change in accounting estimate of the life of the operating lease under FASB ASC Topic 842 from three to nine years. Additionally, the Company revised its financial statements to remove derivative liabilities due to erroneously reporting warrants from our convertible note financings, as described in Note 18, as having a derivative component.

The impacts of these restatements are detailed in the tables below:

	Consolidated Balance Sheet As of April 30, 2023
	Originally Reported			As Restated			Change
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	620,307		$	1,600,434		$	980,127
Total long-term assets		28,018,078			28,568,316			550,238
Operating lease liabilities, current		281,797			159,423			(122,374	)
Warrant derivative liability		588,205			—			(588,205	)
Total current liabilities		4,760,616			4,050,037			(710,579	)
Operating lease liabilities, long-term		379,466			1,481,967			1,102,501
Total long-term liabilities		822,849			1,925,350			1,102,501
Additional paid-in capital		109,993,100			112,642,726			2,649,626
Accumulated deficit		(54,586,793	)		(57,078,103	)		(2,491,310	)
Total shareholders’ equity		54,609,625			54,767,941			158,316
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	60,193,090		$	60,743,328		$	550,238

	Consolidated Statement of Operations For the year ended April 30, 2023
	Originally Reported			As Restated			Change
Change in fair value of derivative liability	$	(1,019,292	)	$	—		$	1,019,292
Net loss	$	(27,087,737	)	$	(28,107,029	)	$	(1,019,292	)

Amounts presented as originally reported as of April 30, 2023 are exclusive of Discontinued Operations with the exception of (i) change in fair value of derivative liability, (ii) net loss, and (iii) Consolidated Balance Sheet totals. The Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows is not presented above as there was no change in net cash used in operating activities of continuing operations.

Principles of Consolidation – Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of our wholly owned subsidiaries which include Teal and Skypersonic as well as Rotor Riot and Fat Shark which were sold on February 16, 2024. Non-majority owned investments, including the formerly wholly owned subsidiaries Rotor Riot and Fat Shark, are accounted for using the equity method when the Company is able to significantly influence the operating policies of the investee. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

The Consumer segment businesses are characterized as discontinued operations in these financial statements.  The operating results and cash flows of discontinued operations are separately stated in those respective financial statements. See Note 3.

Use of Estimates – The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates reflected in these financial statements include those used to (i) complete purchase price accounting for acquisitions, (ii) the evaluation of long-term assets, including goodwill, for impairment, and (iii) the evaluation of other-than-temporary-impairment of equity method investments.

Cash and Cash Equivalents – At April 30, 2024, we had cash of $6,067,169 in multiple commercial banks and financial services companies. We have not experienced any loss on these cash balances and believe they are not exposed to any significant credit risk.

Marketable Securities – Our marketable securities were classified and accounted for as available-for-sale securities. These securities were primarily invested in corporate bonds and were readily saleable, and therefore, we have classified them as short term. Our available-for-sale securities were carried at fair value with any unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of comprehensive income (loss). Once realized, any gains or losses were recognized in the statement of operations.

We have elected to present accrued interest income separately from marketable securities on our consolidated balance sheets. Accrued interest income was $0 and $151,671 as of April 30, 2024 and April 30, 2023, respectively, and was included in other current assets. We did not write off any accrued interest income during the years ended April 30, 2024 and April 30, 2023.

Accounts Receivable, net – Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount less allowances for doubtful accounts. The Company's estimate of the allowance for doubtful accounts is based on a multitude of factors, including historical bad debt levels for its customer base, experience with a specific customer, the economic environment, and other factors. Accounts receivable balances are written off against the allowance when it is probable that the receivable will not be collected.

Concentration of Credit Risk – Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk, include trade receivables. In the normal course of business, the Company provides credit terms to its customers. Accordingly, the Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers, generally does not require collateral and considers the credit risk profile of the customer from which the receivable is due in further evaluating collection risk. Customers that accounted for 10% or greater of accounts receivable, net as of April 30, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

	April 30,
	2024			2023
Customer A		53	%		20	%
Customer B		24	%		*
Customer C		*			24	%
Customer D		*			14	%
Customer E		*			10	%

* Accounts Receivable was less than 10%

As of April 30, 2024, three customers accounted for equal to or greater than 10% of total revenue, totaling 28%, 23% and 10%, respectively. As of April 30, 2023, two customers accounted for equal to or greater than 10% of total revenue, totaling 22% and 20%, respectively.

Inventories – Inventories, which consist of raw materials, work-in-process, and finished goods, are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, and are measured using the first-in, first-out method. Cost components include direct materials, direct labor, indirect overhead, as well as in-bound freight. At each balance sheet date, the Company evaluates the net realizable value of its inventory using various reference measures including current product selling prices and recent customer demand, as well as evaluating for excess quantities and obsolescence.

Goodwill and Long-lived Assets – Goodwill represents the future economic benefit arising from other assets acquired in an acquisition that are not individually identified and separately recognized. We test goodwill for impairment in accordance with the provisions of ASC 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other, (“ASC 350”). Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually at the reporting unit level or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill might be impaired. ASC 350 provides that an entity has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, an entity determines it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then additional impairment testing is not required. However, if an entity concludes otherwise, then it is required to perform an impairment test. The impairment test involves comparing the estimated fair value of a reporting unit with its book value, including goodwill. If the estimated fair value exceeds book value, goodwill is considered not to be impaired. If, however, the fair value of the reporting unit is less than book value, then an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the amount that the book value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit.

The estimate of fair value of a reporting unit is computed using either an income approach, a market approach, or a combination of both. Under the income approach, we utilize the discounted cash flow method to estimate the fair value of a reporting unit. Significant assumptions inherent in estimating the fair values include the estimated future cash flows, growth assumptions for future revenues (including gross profit, operating expenses, and capital expenditures), and a rate used to discount estimated future cash flow projections to their present value based on estimated weighted average cost of capital (i.e., the selected discount rate). Our assumptions are based on historical data, supplemented by current and anticipated market conditions, estimated growth rates, and management’s plans. Under the market approach, fair value is derived from metrics of publicly traded companies or historically completed transactions of comparable businesses. The selection of comparable businesses is based on the markets in which the reporting units operate and consider risk profiles, size, geography, and diversity of products and services. 

Goodwill for Teal is ascribed to its existing relationship with several U.S. government agencies including its classification as an approved vendor. The Company expects that the Goodwill recognized in each transaction will be deductible for tax purposes.  The Company has reported net losses since its inception and is presently unable to determine when and if the tax benefit of this deduction will be realized.

Property and equipment – Property and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation which is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset. The estimated useful lives of our property and equipment are generally: (i) furniture and fixtures - seven years, (ii) equipment and related - two to five years, and (iii) leasehold improvements – nine to fifteen years.

Equity Method Investment – The equity method of accounting is applied to investments in which the Company has an ownership interest of between 20% and 50%. The Company evaluates its equity method investments each reporting period for evidence of a loss in value that is other than a temporary decline. Evidence of a loss in value might include, but would not necessarily be limited to, absence of an ability to recover the carrying amount of the investment or the inability of the investee to sustain an earnings capacity that would justify the carrying amount of the investment. The Company performed this analysis and concluded that its investment in UMAC was other-than-temporarily impaired and recognized an impairment charge of $11,353,875 for the year ended April 30, 2024.

Leases – Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 842 requires the recognition of assets and liabilities associated with lease agreements. The Company determines if a contract is a lease or contains a lease at inception. Operating lease liabilities are measured, on each reporting date, based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the remaining lease term. The Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate. Therefore, the Company uses an effective discount rate of 12% based on its last debt financing. Operating lease assets are measured by adjusting the lease liability for lease incentives, initial direct costs incurred and asset impairments. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term with the operating lease asset reduced by the amount of the expense. Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate a lease when they are reasonably certain to occur.

Fair Values, Inputs and Valuation Techniques for Financial Assets and Liabilities, and Related Disclosures – The fair value measurements and disclosure guidance defines fair value and establishes a framework for measuring fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In accordance with this guidance, the Company has categorized its recurring basis financial assets and liabilities into a three-level fair value hierarchy based on the priority of the inputs to the valuation technique.

The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). The inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls has been determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company's assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.

The guidance establishes three levels of the fair value hierarchy as follows:

Level 1: Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date;

Level 2: Inputs are observable, unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the related assets or liabilities; and

Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities that are supported by little or no market data. 

Disclosures for Non-Financial Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis

The Company's financial instruments mainly consist of cash, receivables, current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and debt. The carrying amounts of these instruments approximates fair value due to their short-term nature.

Revenue Recognition – The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers, issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). This standard includes a comprehensive evaluation of factors to be considered regarding revenue recognition including (i) identifying the promised goods, (ii) evaluating performance obligations, (iii) measuring the transaction price, (iv) allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations if there are multiple components, and (v) recognizing revenue as each obligation is satisfied. The Company’s revenue transactions include the shipment of goods to customers as orders are fulfilled, completion of non-recurring engineering, completion of training, and customer support services. The Company recognizes revenue upon shipment of product or prototypes unless otherwise specified in the purchase order or contract. Customer deposits totaled $53,939 and $155,986 at April 30, 2024 and April 30, 2023, respectively. From time to time, non-recurring engineering contracts may involve the capitalization of engineering prototypes, classified as contract assets. Contract assets totaled $1,477,859 and $0 at April 30, 2024 and April 30, 2023, respectively.

The following table presents the Company’s revenue disaggregated by revenue type:

	Year Ended April 30,
	2024		2023
Contract related	$	4,173,005	$	1,312,427
Product related		13,663,377		3,308,407
Total	$	17,836,382	$	4,620,834

Research and Development – Research and development expenses include payroll, employee benefits, and other headcount-related expenses associated with product development. Research and development expenses also include third-party development and programming costs, materials, and a proportionate share of overhead costs such as rent.

Product Warranty - The Company accrues an estimate of its exposure to warranty claims based upon both current and historical product sales data and warranty costs incurred. Product warranty reserves are recorded in current liabilities under accrued expenses. Warranty liability was $372,000 and $90,000 as of April 30, 2024 and April 30, 2023 respectively.

Income Taxes – Deferred taxes are provided on the liability method whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment. 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements – Management does not believe that recently issued, but not yet effective accounting pronouncements, if adopted, would have a material effect on the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Foreign Currency – The functional currency of our former international subsidiary, Skyset, was the local Italian currency. For that subsidiary, we translated assets and liabilities to U.S. dollars using period-end exchange rates, and average monthly exchange rates for revenues, costs, and expenses. We recorded translation gains and losses in accumulated other comprehensive income.

Comprehensive Loss – Comprehensive loss consists of net loss and other comprehensive loss. Other comprehensive loss refers to gains and losses that are recorded as an element of stockholders' equity but are excluded from net loss. Our other comprehensive loss is comprised of foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale securities. During the year ended April 30, 2024, comprehensive loss was $865,738 lower than net loss, related to unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities totaling $864,165 and foreign currency translation adjustments of $1,573. During the year ended April 30, 2023, comprehensive loss was $609,155 lower than net loss, related to unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities totaling $610,129, partially offset by foreign currency translation adjustments of $974. 

Stock-Based Compensation – Stock options are valued using the estimated grant-date fair value method of accounting in accordance with ASC Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation. Fair value is determined based on the Black-Scholes Model using inputs reflecting our estimates of expected volatility, term and future dividends. We recognize forfeitures as they occur. The fair value of restricted stock is based on our stock price on the date of grant. Compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the service period which is the vesting term.

Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share – Basic and diluted net loss per share has been calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Common stock equivalents were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share of common stock because they were anti-dilutive. The conversion or exercise of these common stock equivalents would dilute earnings per share if we become profitable in the future. Outstanding securities not included in the computation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive include:

	April 30, 2024		April 30, 2023
Series B Preferred Stock, as converted		3,896		822,230
Stock options		6,779,934		4,784,809
Warrants		2,275,999		1,539,999
Restricted stock		175,130		781,060
Total		9,234,959		7,928,098

Related Parties – Parties are considered to be related to us if they have control or significant influence, directly or indirectly, over us, including key management personnel and members of the Board of Directors or are direct relatives of key management personnel of members of the Board of Directors. Related Party transactions are disclosed in Note 20.

Liquidity and Going Concern – The Company has never been profitable and has incurred net losses related to acquisitions, as well as costs incurred to pursue its long-term growth strategy. During the year ended April 30, 2024, the Company incurred a net loss from continuing operations of $21,526,696 and used cash in operating activities of continuing operations of $17,687,063. As of April 30, 2024, working capital for continuing operations totaled $18,746,419. These financial results and our financial position at April 30, 2024 raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. However, the Company has recently taken actions to strengthen its liquidity. On December 11, 2023, we completed a public offering of 18,400,000 shares of common stock which generated net proceeds of approximately $8,400,000 as further described in Note 1 and Note 16. In addition, the Company’s operating plan for the next twelve months has been updated to reflect recent operating improvements.  Revenues have accelerated and are expected to continue growing. The Company’s manufacturing facility is scaling production and gross profits are projected to increase. If necessary, the Company will seek to obtain additional debt financing for which there can be no guarantee. Subsequent to year end, as further described in Note 22, the Company sold its equity method investment for $4,400,000. Management has concluded that these recent positive developments alleviate any substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue its operations, and meet its financial obligations, for twelve months from the date these consolidated financial statements are issued.

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Note 3 – Divestiture of Consumer Segment

12 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]

Note 3 – Divestiture of Consumer Segment

Note 3 – Divestiture of Consumer Segment

On February 16, 2024, the Company closed the sale of Rotor Riot and Fat Shark to Unusual Machines. The sale was conducted pursuant to a Share Purchase Agreement dated November 21, 2022, as amended on April 13, 2023, July 10, 2023, and December 11, 2023 (the “SPA”). The transaction closed concurrently with UMAC’s initial public offering and listing on the NYSE American exchange (“IPO”) under the symbol “UMAC.”

The total consideration received by the Company was valued at $20 million and consisted of i) $1 million in cash, ii) $2 million in a secured promissory note (“Promissory Note”), iii) $17 million in securities of Unusual Machines, and iv) a post-closing adjustment for excess working capital.

Secured Promissory Note

The Promissory Note from Unusual Machines bears interest at a rate of 8% per year, is due 18 months from the date of issue, and requires monthly payments of interest due in arrears on the 15th day of each month. In the event of a Qualified Financing (defined as one or more related debt or equity financings by UMAC resulting in net proceeds of at least $5 million, other than UMAC’s completed IPO), the Company may require payment of this Promissory Note in whole or in part upon written notice given within 10 days of the Qualified Financing. During the occurrence and continuance of any event of default under the Note, The Company may, at its option, convert the amounts due under the Note to common stock of UMAC in whole or in part from time to time. The conversion price will be a 10% discount to the average daily volume weighted average price for UMAC’s common stock over the 10 days preceding the conversion price. Conversions under the Note will be limited such that no conversion may be made to the extent that, after giving effect to the conversion, the Company, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% of UMAC’s common stock. This limit may be increased by the Company upon 61 days written notice.

Unusual Machines Securities

The $17 million worth of UMAC common stock was valued at the IPO price for UMAC’s common stock of $4.00 per share, resulting in 4,250,000 shares of UMAC common stock being issued to the Company (representing approximately 49% of UMAC’s issued and outstanding common stock after giving effect to the IPO and to the issuance of common stock to the Company upon closing of the IPO).

Working Capital

The purchase price was adjusted for working capital as of the closing date. Actual working capital excess amounts increased the principal amount of the Promissory Note dollar for dollar. Working capital as of closing was finalized at $2 million, as further described in Note 22.

The Consumer segment has been classified as Discontinued Operations and reported in accordance with the applicable accounting standards. Set forth below are the results of operations for the Consumer segment for:

	Year ended April 30,
	2024			2023
Revenues	$	4,213,653		$	5,290,946
Cost of goods sold		4,577,980			4,793,430
Gross (Loss) Profit		(364,327	)		497,516
Operating Expenses
Research and development		118,093			346,002
Sales and marketing		1,157,448			862,384
General and administrative		863,361			1,044,435
Total operating expenses		2,138,902			2,252,821
Operating loss		(2,503,229	)		(1,755,305	)
Other expense (income)
Interest expense		22,856			—
Other, net		(152	)		(24,919	)
Other expense (income)		22,704			(24,919	)
Net loss from discontinued operations	$	(2,525,933	)	$	(1,730,386	)

Assets and liabilities for the Consumer segment included:

	April 30, 2024		April 30, 2023
Current assets
Cash	$	—	$	86,656
Accounts receivable, net		—		61,107
Inventory		—		3,065,954
Other		—		2,069,438
Total current assets		—		5,283,155
Intangible assets, net		—		20,000
Other		—		3,853
Operating lease right-of-use assets		—		84,544
Total long term assets		—		108,397
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	—	$	606,872
Accrued expenses		—		109,480
Customer deposits		—		244,688
Operating lease liabilities		—		49,461
Total current liabilities		—		1,010,501
Long term liabilities - Operating lease liabilities		—		41,814
Working capital	$	—	$	4,272,654

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Note 4 – Marketable Securities

12 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Note 4 – Marketable Securities

Note 4 – Marketable Securities

There were no marketable securities at April 30, 2024.

At April 30, 2023, marketable securities consisted solely of corporate bonds and were classified at Level 2 in the Fair Value Hierarchy. Fair value, cost basis, and unrealized losses totaled $12,814,038, $13,678,203, and $864,165 at April 30, 2023, respectively.

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Note 5 – Inventories

12 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Note 5 – Inventories

Note 5 – Inventories

Inventories consisted of the following:

	April 30, 2024		April 30, 2023
Raw materials	$	5,750,324	$	8,132,196
Work-in-process		1,289,997		509,381
Finished goods		966,916		278,996
Total	$	8,007,237	$	8,920,573

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Note 6 – Other Current Assets

12 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Note 6 – Other Current Assets

Note 6 – Other Current Assets

Other current assets included:

	April 30, 2024		April 30, 2023
Contract asset	$	1,477,859	$	—
Prepaid expenses		1,206,306		752,564
Grant receivable		675,000		—
Prepaid inventory		602,888		359,500
Accrued interest income		—		151,671
Total	$	3,962,053	$	1,263,735

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Note 7 – Due From Related Party

12 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Note 7 Due From Related Party

Note 7 – Due From Related Party

Note 7 – Due From Related Party

In January 2022, the Company determined that a senior executive had relocated in 2021 but their compensation had not been subject to the income tax withholding required by the new jurisdiction. The amount subject to taxation included $155,624 of cash compensation and $1,413,332 of income associated with the vesting of restricted stock ("Stock Compensation"). In March 2022, the Company entered into a note agreement (the "Note") with the employee in the amount of $510,323, representing the estimated taxes owed by the employee related to the Stock Compensation. Under the terms of the Note, 104,166 shares of common stock with a fair value of $280,832, which had vested during calendar 2021, were withheld by the Company and applied against the Note. The employee agreed not to sell or transfer 110,983 shares of common stock held at the Company's transfer agent until the Note was repaid. In addition, the employee has 20,833 shares of restricted stock vesting monthly in calendar 2022, of which 3,000 shares were withheld with the fair value of those shares applied against the Note. Shares issued to the employee in 2022 were held at the transfer agent until the Note was repaid. The Note matured on December 31, 2022. The Company filed amended payroll tax returns on March 16, 2022. In March and April 2022, the Company made payments to the relevant tax authorities totaling $712,646 representing $510,323 owed by the employee, $31,604 owed by the Company, and $170,719 of penalties and interest. The Note was repaid in full in August 2022.

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Note 8 – Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Note 8 – Intangible Assets

Note 8 – Intangible Assets

Intangible assets relate to acquisitions completed by the Company, including those described in Note 1, and were as follows:

	April 30, 2024							April 30, 2023
	Gross Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Value		Gross Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Value
Proprietary technology	$	4,282,001	$	(1,917,612	)	$	2,364,389	$	4,967,000	$	(1,271,112	)	$	3,695,888
Non-compete agreements		65,000		(65,000	)		—		81,000		(56,667	)		24,333
Customer relationships		—		—			—		39,000		(18,106	)		20,894
Total finite-lived assets		4,347,001		(1,982,612	)		2,364,389		5,087,000		(1,345,885	)		3,741,115
Brand name		1,430,000		—			1,430,000		3,152,000		—			3,152,000
Total indefinite-lived assets		1,430,000		—			1,430,000		3,152,000		—			3,152,000
Total intangible assets, net	$	5,777,001	$	(1,982,612	)	$	3,794,389	$	8,239,000	$	(1,345,885	)	$	6,893,115

Proprietary technology and non-compete agreements are being amortized over six years and three years, respectively. Customer relationships are being amortized over seven years. Goodwill and Brand name are not amortized but evaluated for impairment on a quarterly basis.

As of April 30, 2024, expected amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets for the next five years is as follows:

Fiscal Year Ended:
2025	$	709,316
2026		709,316
2027		709,316
2028		236,441
2029		—
Thereafter		—
Total	$	2,364,389

Goodwill represents the future economic benefit arising from other assets acquired in an acquisition that are not individually identified and separately recognized. The composition of, and changes in goodwill, consist of:

Date	Entity	Goodwill
January 2020	Rotor Riot	$	1,849,073
November 2020	Fat Shark		6,168,260
May 2021	Skypersonic		2,826,918
August 2021	Teal Drones		8,995,499
April 2023 - Impairment loss	Skypersonic		(2,826,918	)
Balance at April 30, 2023		$	17,012,832
February 2024 – Divestiture	Rotor Riot, Fat Shark		(7,924,282	)
Balance at April 30, 2024		$	9,088,550

Included in the amounts presented above is goodwill related to other insignificant transactions. Following the establishment of the Enterprise and Consumer segments, management evaluated the long-term business strategy of each segment. This resulted in the Enterprise segment narrowing its focus on the military and other government agencies. It was determined that Skypersonic's technology would be re-focused for the near term on military applications and consolidated into the operations of Teal. The Company completes a formal evaluation of the carrying value of its intangible assets, including goodwill, at the end of each fiscal year. Based on (i) the operating results for Skypersonic since its acquisition in May 2021, (ii) its consolidation into Teal, (iii) our current expectations of its future business conditions and trends, including its projected revenues, expenses, and cash flows, the Company recognized an impairment charge of $2,826,918 in April 2023. During FY2024, an impairment change of $412,999 was recognized related to Skypersonic’s proprietary technology.

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Note 9 – Equity Method Investment

12 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]

Note 9 – Equity Method Investment

Note 9 – Equity Method Investment

As of April 30, 2024, the Company owned a 46% interest in Unusual Machines. The primary business operations include selling first-person-view video goggles for drone pilots, drones, parts and related equipment to the consumer marketplace. UMAC’s financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. See Note 3 and Note 22 for additional information.

Financial information for UMAC is derived from UMAC’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ending March 31, 2024 and was as follows:

Current assets	$	6,128,890
Long-term assets		18,099,802
Current liabilities		691,978
Long-term liabilities		2,313,896
Revenues		618,915
Gross profit		204,167
Net loss	$	(1,106,001	)

The Company’s investments in UMAC have been impacted by the following:

Initial investment, February 16, 2024	$	17,000,000
Equity method loss		(503,625	)
Impairment		(11,353,875	)
Investment balance, April 30, 2024	$	5,142,500

The computation of both the initial investment as of February 16, 2024 and investment balance as of April 30, 2024, is based on the fair market value of UMAC’s common stock.

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Note 10 – Property and Equipment

12 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Note 10 – Property and Equipment

Note 10 – Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consist of assets with an estimated useful life greater than one year and are reported net of accumulated depreciation. The reported values are periodically assessed for impairment, and were as follows:

	April 30, 2024			April 30, 2023
Equipment and related	$	1,540,888		$	1,386,373
Leasehold improvements		1,547,976			1,473,890
Furniture and fixtures		163,290			132,752
Accumulated depreciation		(911,470	)		(342,657	)
Net carrying value	$	2,340,684		$	2,650,358

Depreciation expense totaled $568,813 and $311,545 for the years ended April 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

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Note 11 – Other Long-Term Assets

12 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Note 11 Other Long-term Assets

Note 11 – Other Long-Term Assets

Note 11 – Other Long-Term Assets

Other long-term assets included:

	April 30, 2024		April 30, 2023
SAFE agreement	$	250,000	$	250,000
Security deposits		43,126		53,180
Total	$	293,126	$	303,180

In November 2022, the Company entered into a SAFE (Simple Agreement for Future Equity) agreement with Firestorm Labs, Inc. (“Firestorm”) under which it made a payment of $250,000 to Firestorm in exchange for the right to certain shares of Firestorm stock. The SAFE permits the Company to participate in a future equity financing of Firestorm by converting the $250,000 into shares of Preferred Stock of Firestorm. If there is a change in control of Firestorm or a public offering of shares of its stock, then the Company shall have the right to receive cash payments, or shares of stock, whichever has greater value. The Company’s investment in the SAFE agreement has been recorded on the cost method of accounting. The Company evaluates the investment for any indications of impairment in value on a quarterly basis. No factors indicative of impairment were identified during the year ended April 30, 2024.

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Note 12 – Right of Use Assets and Liabilities

12 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Leases [Abstract]

Note 12 – Right of Use Assets and Liabilities

Note 12 – Right of Use Assets and Liabilities

As of April 30, 2024, the Company had operating type leases for real estate and no finance type leases. The Company’s leases have remaining lease terms of up to 6.67 years, including options to extend certain leases for up to six years. Operating lease expense totaled $351,369 for the year ended April 30, 2024, including period cost for short-term, cancellable, and variable leases, not included in lease liabilities, of $4,950 for the year ended April 30, 2024.

Leases on which the Company made rent payments during the reporting period included:

Location	Monthly Rent		Expiration
South Salt Lake, Utah	$	22,667		December 2024
San Juan, Puerto Rico	$	5,647		June 2027
Grantsville, Utah	$	1,000		December 2026

Supplemental information related to operating leases for the year ended April 30, 2024 was:

Operating cash paid to settle lease liabilities	$$350,162
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)	2.16
Weighted average discount rate	12%

Future lease payments at April 30, 2024 were as follows:

Fiscal Year Ended:
	2025	$	366,853
	2026		372,449
	2027		372,880
	2028		293,334
	2029		280,080
	Thereafter		443,460
	Total		2,129,056
	Imputed interest		(611,466	)
	Total liability	$	1,517,590

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Note 13 – Debt Obligations

12 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Note 13 – Debt Obligations

Note 13 – Debt Obligations

A.  Decathlon Capital

On August 31, 2021, Teal entered into an Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement with Decathlon Alpha IV, L.P. (“DA4”) in the amount of $1,670,294 (the “Loan”), representing the outstanding principal amount previously due and owing by Teal to DA4. Interest on the Loan accrues at a rate of ten (10%) percent per annum. Principal and interest is payable in monthly installments of $49,275 until maturity on December 31, 2024. The balance outstanding at April 30, 2024 and April 30, 2023 totaled $370,537 and $895,709, respectively.

B.  Pelion Note

In May 2021, Teal entered into a note agreement totaling $350,000 which is payable upon demand. The Note bears interest at the applicable Federal Rate as of the date of the Note which was 0.13% on the date of issuance. Accrued interest at April 30, 2024 and April 30, 2023 totaled $1,334 and $878, respectively.

C.  Vendor Agreement

In connection with the acquisition of Teal on August 31, 2021, the Company assumed an obligation with a contract manufacturing firm. The assumed balance of $387,500 was repaid in monthly installments of $37,500 and paid in full in July 2022. 

D.  Corporate Equity

Beginning in October 2021, and amended in January 2022, Teal financed a total of $120,000 of leasehold improvements with Corporate Equity, LLC. The loan bears interest at 8.25% annually and requires monthly payments of $3,595 through December 2024. The balance outstanding at April 30, 2024 and April 30, 2023 totaled $27,495 and $66,586 respectively.

E.  Ascentium Capital

In September 2021, Teal entered into a financing agreement with Ascentium Capital to fund the purchase of a fixed asset totaling $24,383. Monthly payments of $656 are payable through October 2024. The balance outstanding at April 30, 2024 and April 30, 2023 totaled $3,538 and $11,412 respectively.

F.  Summary

Future annual principal payments at April 30, 2024 were as follows:

Fiscal Year Ended:
2025		751,570
Thereafter		—
Total	$	751,570

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Note 14 – Due to Related Party

12 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Note 14 Due To Related Party

Note 14 – Due to Related Party

Note 14 – Due to Related Party

In January 2020, in connection with the acquisition of Rotor Riot, the Company assumed a line of credit obligation of the seller, BRIT, LLC, totaling $47,853 which bore interest at 6.67% annually. The remaining balance of $37,196 plus accrued interest totaling $292 was paid in October 2022.

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Note 15 – Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Note 15 – Income Taxes

Note 15 – Income Taxes

Our operating subsidiary, Red Cat Propware, Inc., is incorporated and based in Puerto Rico which is a commonwealth of the United States. We are not subject to taxation by the United States as Puerto Rico has its own taxing authority. Since inception, we have incurred net losses in each year of operations. Our current provision for the reporting periods presented in these financial statements consisted of a tax benefit against which we applied a full valuation allowance, resulting in no current provision for income taxes. In addition, there was no deferred provision for any of these reporting periods.

At April 30, 2024 and April 30, 2023, we had accumulated deficits of approximately $81,100,000 and $54,600,000, respectively. Deferred tax assets related to the future benefit of these net operating losses for tax purposes totaled approximately $15,004,000 and $10,101,000, respectively, calculated using the base Puerto Rico corporate tax rate of 18.5%. Currently, we focus on projected future taxable income in evaluating whether it is more likely than not that these deferred assets will be realized. Based on the fact that we have not generated an operating profit since inception, we have applied a full valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets at April 30, 2024 and April 30, 2023.

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Note 16 – Common Stock

12 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

Note 16 – Common Stock

Note 16 – Common Stock

Our common stock has a par value of $0.001 per share. We are authorized to issue 500,000,000 shares of common stock. Each share of common stock is entitled to one vote. A summary of shares of common stock issued by the Company since April 30, 2022 is as follows:

Description of Shares	Shares Issued
Shares outstanding as of April 30, 2022		53,748,735
Vesting of restricted stock to employees, net of shares withheld of 273,874 to pay taxes and 9,000 to repay a Note		653,308
Vesting of restricted stock to Board of Directors		116,507
Vesting of restricted stock to consultants		9,683
Shares issued for services		39,832
Shares outstanding as of April 30, 2023		54,568,065
Vesting of restricted stock to employees, net of shares withheld of 27,189 to pay taxes		192,742
Vesting of restricted stock to Board of Directors		252,214
Vesting of restricted stock to consultants		1,761
Conversion of preferred stock		818,334
Issuance of common stock through ATM facilities		53,235
Issuance of common stock through public offering		18,400,000
Exercise of stock options		3,000
Shares outstanding as of April 30, 2024		74,289,351

ATM Facility

In August 2023, we entered into a sales agreement (“the 2023 ATM Facility”) with ThinkEquity LLC (“ThinkEquity”), which provides for the sale, in our sole discretion, of shares of our common stock through ThinkEquity, as our sales agent. In accordance with the terms of the ATM Sales Agreement, the Company may offer and sell shares of our common stock, par value $0.001 per share, having an aggregate offering price of up to $4,375,000. The issuance and sale of these shares by us pursuant to the 2023 ATM Facility are deemed “at the market” offerings as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and are registered under the Securities Act. We pay a commission of up to 2.5% of gross sales proceeds of any common stock sold under the 2023 ATM Facility.

During the year ended April 30, 2024, we sold an aggregate of 53,235 shares of common stock under the 2023 ATM Facility, at an average price of $1.07 per share, for gross proceeds of approximately $57,000 and net proceeds of approximately $55,700, after deducting commissions and other offering expenses payable by us. Additionally, the Company incurred legal fees of approximately $46,000 establishing the 2023 ATM Facility. In December 2023, the Prospectus Supplement dated August 8, 2023 was amended to change the aggregate offering price under the ATM facility to up to $4,375,000.

As of April 30, 2024, approximately $4,318,000 of common stock remained available to be sold under the 2023 ATM Facility, subject to certain conditions as specified in the sales agreement. 

Public Offering

In December 2023, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement with ThinkEquity LLC, as representative of the underwriters, pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell to the underwriters in a firm commitment underwritten public offering (the “Offering”) an aggregate of 16,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”), at a public offering price of $0.50 per share. The Company also granted the underwriters a 45-day option to purchase up to an additional 2,400,000 shares of Common Stock to cover over-allotments. 

The Offering closed on December 11, 2023, resulting in the issuance of 18,400,000 shares of Common Stock which generated gross proceeds of $9,200,000. Net proceeds to the Company from the Offering, after deducting the underwriting discount, the underwriters’ fees and expenses and the Company’s estimated Offering expenses, were approximately $8,400,000. 

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Note 17 – Preferred Stock

12 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

Note 17 – Preferred Stock

Note 17 – Preferred Stock

Our preferred stock has a par value of $0.001 per share. Series B Preferred Stock (“Series B Stock”) is convertible into common stock at a ratio of 0.8334 shares of common stock for each share of Series B Stock held and votes together with the common stock on an as-if-converted basis. 982,000 shares of Series B Stock were converted into 818,334 shares of common stock in June 2023. Shares outstanding at April 30, 2024 totaled 4,676 which are convertible into 3,896 shares of common stock.

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Note 18 – Warrants

12 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Note 18 Warrants

Note 18 – Warrants

Note 18 – Warrants

The Company issued 5 year warrants to investors in connection with two convertible note financings. The warrants have an exercise price of $1.50. The warrants were valued using the multinominal lattice The value of the warrants was included in the determination of the initial accounting for each financing.

A summary of the warrants issued and their fair values were:

		Upon Issuance				Outstanding at April 30, 2024
Date of Transaction		Number of Warrants		Initial Fair Value		Number of Warrants		Fair Value
	October 2020		399,998	$	267,999		266,666	$	209,938
	January 2021		675,000	$	2,870,666		540,000	$	443,242

To date, we have received $301,248 related to the exercise of 268,332 warrants.

In May 2021, the Company issued warrants to purchase 200,000 shares of common stock to the placement agent of its common stock offering. The warrants have a five-year term and an exercise price of $5.00.

In July 2021, the Company issued warrants to purchase 533,333 shares of common stock to the placement agent of its common stock offering. The warrants have a five-year term and an exercise price of $5.625.

In December 2023, the Company issued warrants to purchase 736,000 shares of common stock to the placement agent of its common stock offering. The warrants have a five-year term and an exercise price of $0.625.

The following table presents the range of assumptions used to estimate the fair values of the stock warrants granted during the fiscal years ended April 30:

	2024			2023
Risk-free interest rate		4.25	%		—
Expected dividend yield		—			—
Expected term (in years)		5.00			—
Expected volatility		205.50	%		—

The following table summarizes the changes in warrants outstanding since April 30, 2022.

	Number of Shares	Weighted-average Exercise Price per Share		Weighted-average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Balance as of April 30, 2022	1,539,999		3.38		3.89	$	427,533
Granted	—	$	—
Exercised	—		—
Outstanding as of April 30, 2023	1,539,999		3.38		2.89	$	—
Granted	736,000		0.63
Exercised	—		—
Outstanding at April 30, 2024	2,275,999	$	2.49		2.77	$	666,080

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Note 19 – Share Based Awards

12 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Note 19 – Share Based Awards

Note 19 – Share Based Awards

The 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the "Plan") allows us to incentivize key employees, consultants, and directors with long term compensation awards such as stock options, restricted stock, and restricted stock units (collectively, the "Awards"). The number of shares issuable in connection with Awards under the Plan may not exceed 11,750,000.

A. Options 

The range of assumptions used to calculate the fair value of options granted during the year ended April 30 was:

		2024		2025
Exercise Price	$	0.72 – 1.12	$	0.89 – 2.38
Stock price on date of grant		0.70 – 1.12		0.89 – 2.38
Risk-free interest rate		3.46 – 4.41%		3.34 – 4.18%
Dividend yield		—		—
Expected term (years)		5.28 – 8.25		6.25 – 8.25
Volatility		206.99 – 262.07%		245.57 – 260.06%

A summary of options activity under the Plan since April 30, 2022 was:

	Shares			Weighted-Average Exercise Price		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding as of April 30, 2022		3,694,142		$	2.17		8.56		1,407,545
Granted		1,503,500			1.40
Exercised		—			—
Forfeited or expired		(412,833	)		2.67
Outstanding as of April 30, 2023		4,784,809			1.88		8.72		74,586
Granted		2,903,542			1.02
Exercised		(3,000	)		0.89
Forfeited or expired		(905,417	)		2.27
Outstanding as of April 30, 2024		6,779,934			1.46		8.02		2,762,242
Exercisable as of April 30, 2024		3,578,756		$	1.78		6.77	$	1,246,497

The aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding options represents the excess of the stock price at the indicated date over the exercise price of each option. As of April 30, 2024 and April 30, 2023, there was $943,648 and $2,940,239 of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested stock options which is expected to be recognized over the weighted average periods of 1.95 and 1.94 years, respectively.

B. Restricted Stock

A summary of restricted stock activity under the Plan since April 30, 2022 was:

	Shares			Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Share
Unvested and outstanding as of April 30, 2022		1,083,675		$	2.59
Granted		780,884			2.14
Vested		(1,062,372	)		2.42
Forfeited		(21,127	)		2.13
Unvested and outstanding as of April 30, 2023		781,060			2.44
Granted		298,643			1.06
Vested		(485,024	)		1.92
Forfeited		(419,549	)		2.09
Unvested and outstanding as of April 30, 2024		175,130		$	2.09

C. Stock Compensation

Stock compensation expense by functional operating expense was:

	2024		2023
Research and development	$	395,105	$	692,947
Sales and marketing		562,110		566,153
General and administrative		2,652,052		2,397,624
Total	$	3,609,267	$	3,656,724

Stock compensation expense pertaining to options totaled $2,619,501 and $1,617,982 for the year ended April 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Stock compensation expense pertaining to restricted stock totaled $989,766 and $2,038,742 for the year ended April 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

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Note 20 - Related-Party Transactions

12 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Note 20 - Related-Party Transactions

Note 20 - Related-Party Transactions

In January 2022, the Company entered into a note agreement with an employee in the principal amount of $510,323, as further described in Note 7.

In February 2024, the Company sold Rotor Riot and Fat Shark to Unusual Machines, as further described in Note 3 and Note 9. UMAC’s Chief Executive Officer is a direct relative of a member of the Company’s management.

Additional related party transactions are disclosed in Note 14.

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Note 21 – Commitments and Contingencies

12 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Note 21 – Commitments and Contingencies

Note 21 – Commitments and Contingencies  

Legal Proceedings

In the ordinary course of business, we may be involved, at times, in various legal proceedings involving a variety of matters. We do not believe there are any pending legal proceedings that will have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. However, the outcome of such legal matters is inherently unpredictable and subject to significant uncertainties. We have not recorded any litigation reserves as of April 30, 2024.

One pending legal matter is an action filed against Teal and the Company in a U.S. District Court in California. The complaint asserts claims for breach of contract, and the unlawful conversion and sale of shares of common stock that plaintiff alleges to have purchased in Teal prior to its acquisition by the Company. The complaint also alleges breach of fiduciary duty and seeks in excess of $1 million in damages. The Company plans to vigorously assert defenses to the complaint. 

Another pending legal matter is an action filed against Teal in a U.S. District Court in Delaware. The complaint asserts claims for breach of contract which management denies. We are asserting vigorous defenses to the complaint. Additionally, the Company has filed a lawsuit against the complainant for Tortious Interference with Contractual Relations and Prospective Contractual Relations. No discovery or other significant developments in the Lawsuit have occurred.

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Note 22 – Subsequent Events

12 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Note 22 – Subsequent Events

Note 22 – Subsequent Events

Subsequent events have been evaluated through the date of this filing and there are no subsequent events which require disclosure, except as follows:

As described in Note 3, the SPA pertaining to the divestiture of the Consumer segment provided that the purchase price was to be increased on a dollar-for-dollar basis by the amount by which the working capital exceeded the agreed working capital (the “Working Capital Adjustment”). After negotiations between the parties, it was determined in July 2024 that UMAC owed the Company $2,000,000 as a Working Capital Adjustment.

As a result, UMAC issued the Company $4,000,000 of its 8% Promissory Notes due November 30, 2025 (the “New Notes”) reflecting (i) satisfaction and settlement of working capital adjustments and (ii) a maturity date extension to November 30, 2025.

On July 22, 2024, the Company sold all of its securities in UMAC to two unaffiliated third-party purchasers (the “Purchasers”). As part of the transaction, on July 22, 2024, the Company entered into an Exchange Agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”) with UMAC pursuant to which the Company exchanged 4,250,000 shares of UMAC’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, for 4,250 shares of UMAC’s newly designated Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series A”). The Company sold the Series A and the New Notes to the Purchasers for $4.4 million in cash pursuant to a Purchase Agreement in a transaction that closed on July 22, 2024.

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Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Accounting

Basis of Accounting – The financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”). Certain prior period amounts have been restated to conform to the current year presentation.

Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements

Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements – The Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet as of April 30, 2023, Consolidated Statement of Operations, Stockholders’ Equity and Cash Flows for the year then ended, and its Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended April 30, 2023, which were originally filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on July 27, 2023 (the “Original Form 10-K”), have been restated. The Company revised its accounting estimate of the life of an operating lease that was previously reported in its Original Form 10-K. Upon further evaluation, the Company determined that prior year adjustments were necessary. These Consolidated Financial Statements were restated to reflect a change in accounting estimate of the life of the operating lease under FASB ASC Topic 842 from three to nine years. Additionally, the Company revised its financial statements to remove derivative liabilities due to erroneously reporting warrants from our convertible note financings, as described in Note 18, as having a derivative component.

The impacts of these restatements are detailed in the tables below:

	Consolidated Balance Sheet As of April 30, 2023
	Originally Reported			As Restated			Change
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	620,307		$	1,600,434		$	980,127
Total long-term assets		28,018,078			28,568,316			550,238
Operating lease liabilities, current		281,797			159,423			(122,374	)
Warrant derivative liability		588,205			—			(588,205	)
Total current liabilities		4,760,616			4,050,037			(710,579	)
Operating lease liabilities, long-term		379,466			1,481,967			1,102,501
Total long-term liabilities		822,849			1,925,350			1,102,501
Additional paid-in capital		109,993,100			112,642,726			2,649,626
Accumulated deficit		(54,586,793	)		(57,078,103	)		(2,491,310	)
Total shareholders’ equity		54,609,625			54,767,941			158,316
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	60,193,090		$	60,743,328		$	550,238

	Consolidated Statement of Operations For the year ended April 30, 2023
	Originally Reported			As Restated			Change
Change in fair value of derivative liability	$	(1,019,292	)	$	—		$	1,019,292
Net loss	$	(27,087,737	)	$	(28,107,029	)	$	(1,019,292	)

Amounts presented as originally reported as of April 30, 2023 are exclusive of Discontinued Operations with the exception of (i) change in fair value of derivative liability, (ii) net loss, and (iii) Consolidated Balance Sheet totals. The Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows is not presented above as there was no change in net cash used in operating activities of continuing operations.

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation – Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of our wholly owned subsidiaries which include Teal and Skypersonic as well as Rotor Riot and Fat Shark which were sold on February 16, 2024. Non-majority owned investments, including the formerly wholly owned subsidiaries Rotor Riot and Fat Shark, are accounted for using the equity method when the Company is able to significantly influence the operating policies of the investee. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

The Consumer segment businesses are characterized as discontinued operations in these financial statements.  The operating results and cash flows of discontinued operations are separately stated in those respective financial statements. See Note 3.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates – The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates reflected in these financial statements include those used to (i) complete purchase price accounting for acquisitions, (ii) the evaluation of long-term assets, including goodwill, for impairment, and (iii) the evaluation of other-than-temporary-impairment of equity method investments.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents – At April 30, 2024, we had cash of $6,067,169 in multiple commercial banks and financial services companies. We have not experienced any loss on these cash balances and believe they are not exposed to any significant credit risk.

Marketable Securities

Marketable Securities – Our marketable securities were classified and accounted for as available-for-sale securities. These securities were primarily invested in corporate bonds and were readily saleable, and therefore, we have classified them as short term. Our available-for-sale securities were carried at fair value with any unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of comprehensive income (loss). Once realized, any gains or losses were recognized in the statement of operations.

We have elected to present accrued interest income separately from marketable securities on our consolidated balance sheets. Accrued interest income was $0 and $151,671 as of April 30, 2024 and April 30, 2023, respectively, and was included in other current assets. We did not write off any accrued interest income during the years ended April 30, 2024 and April 30, 2023.

Accounts Receivable, net

Accounts Receivable, net – Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount less allowances for doubtful accounts. The Company's estimate of the allowance for doubtful accounts is based on a multitude of factors, including historical bad debt levels for its customer base, experience with a specific customer, the economic environment, and other factors. Accounts receivable balances are written off against the allowance when it is probable that the receivable will not be collected.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Concentration of Credit Risk – Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk, include trade receivables. In the normal course of business, the Company provides credit terms to its customers. Accordingly, the Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers, generally does not require collateral and considers the credit risk profile of the customer from which the receivable is due in further evaluating collection risk. Customers that accounted for 10% or greater of accounts receivable, net as of April 30, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

	April 30,
	2024			2023
Customer A		53	%		20	%
Customer B		24	%		*
Customer C		*			24	%
Customer D		*			14	%
Customer E		*			10	%

* Accounts Receivable was less than 10%

As of April 30, 2024, three customers accounted for equal to or greater than 10% of total revenue, totaling 28%, 23% and 10%, respectively. As of April 30, 2023, two customers accounted for equal to or greater than 10% of total revenue, totaling 22% and 20%, respectively.

Inventories

Inventories – Inventories, which consist of raw materials, work-in-process, and finished goods, are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, and are measured using the first-in, first-out method. Cost components include direct materials, direct labor, indirect overhead, as well as in-bound freight. At each balance sheet date, the Company evaluates the net realizable value of its inventory using various reference measures including current product selling prices and recent customer demand, as well as evaluating for excess quantities and obsolescence.

Goodwill and Long-lived Assets

Goodwill and Long-lived Assets – Goodwill represents the future economic benefit arising from other assets acquired in an acquisition that are not individually identified and separately recognized. We test goodwill for impairment in accordance with the provisions of ASC 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other, (“ASC 350”). Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually at the reporting unit level or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill might be impaired. ASC 350 provides that an entity has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, an entity determines it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then additional impairment testing is not required. However, if an entity concludes otherwise, then it is required to perform an impairment test. The impairment test involves comparing the estimated fair value of a reporting unit with its book value, including goodwill. If the estimated fair value exceeds book value, goodwill is considered not to be impaired. If, however, the fair value of the reporting unit is less than book value, then an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the amount that the book value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit.

The estimate of fair value of a reporting unit is computed using either an income approach, a market approach, or a combination of both. Under the income approach, we utilize the discounted cash flow method to estimate the fair value of a reporting unit. Significant assumptions inherent in estimating the fair values include the estimated future cash flows, growth assumptions for future revenues (including gross profit, operating expenses, and capital expenditures), and a rate used to discount estimated future cash flow projections to their present value based on estimated weighted average cost of capital (i.e., the selected discount rate). Our assumptions are based on historical data, supplemented by current and anticipated market conditions, estimated growth rates, and management’s plans. Under the market approach, fair value is derived from metrics of publicly traded companies or historically completed transactions of comparable businesses. The selection of comparable businesses is based on the markets in which the reporting units operate and consider risk profiles, size, geography, and diversity of products and services. 

Goodwill for Teal is ascribed to its existing relationship with several U.S. government agencies including its classification as an approved vendor. The Company expects that the Goodwill recognized in each transaction will be deductible for tax purposes.  The Company has reported net losses since its inception and is presently unable to determine when and if the tax benefit of this deduction will be realized.

Property and equipment

Property and equipment – Property and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation which is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset. The estimated useful lives of our property and equipment are generally: (i) furniture and fixtures - seven years, (ii) equipment and related - two to five years, and (iii) leasehold improvements – nine to fifteen years.

Equity Method Investment

Equity Method Investment – The equity method of accounting is applied to investments in which the Company has an ownership interest of between 20% and 50%. The Company evaluates its equity method investments each reporting period for evidence of a loss in value that is other than a temporary decline. Evidence of a loss in value might include, but would not necessarily be limited to, absence of an ability to recover the carrying amount of the investment or the inability of the investee to sustain an earnings capacity that would justify the carrying amount of the investment. The Company performed this analysis and concluded that its investment in UMAC was other-than-temporarily impaired and recognized an impairment charge of $11,353,875 for the year ended April 30, 2024.

Leases

Leases – Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 842 requires the recognition of assets and liabilities associated with lease agreements. The Company determines if a contract is a lease or contains a lease at inception. Operating lease liabilities are measured, on each reporting date, based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the remaining lease term. The Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate. Therefore, the Company uses an effective discount rate of 12% based on its last debt financing. Operating lease assets are measured by adjusting the lease liability for lease incentives, initial direct costs incurred and asset impairments. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term with the operating lease asset reduced by the amount of the expense. Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate a lease when they are reasonably certain to occur.

Fair Values, Inputs and Valuation Techniques for Financial Assets and Liabilities, and Related Disclosures

Fair Values, Inputs and Valuation Techniques for Financial Assets and Liabilities, and Related Disclosures – The fair value measurements and disclosure guidance defines fair value and establishes a framework for measuring fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In accordance with this guidance, the Company has categorized its recurring basis financial assets and liabilities into a three-level fair value hierarchy based on the priority of the inputs to the valuation technique.

The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). The inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls has been determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company's assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.

The guidance establishes three levels of the fair value hierarchy as follows:

Level 1: Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date;

Level 2: Inputs are observable, unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the related assets or liabilities; and

Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities that are supported by little or no market data. 

Disclosures for Non-Financial Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis

The Company's financial instruments mainly consist of cash, receivables, current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and debt. The carrying amounts of these instruments approximates fair value due to their short-term nature.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition – The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers, issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). This standard includes a comprehensive evaluation of factors to be considered regarding revenue recognition including (i) identifying the promised goods, (ii) evaluating performance obligations, (iii) measuring the transaction price, (iv) allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations if there are multiple components, and (v) recognizing revenue as each obligation is satisfied. The Company’s revenue transactions include the shipment of goods to customers as orders are fulfilled, completion of non-recurring engineering, completion of training, and customer support services. The Company recognizes revenue upon shipment of product or prototypes unless otherwise specified in the purchase order or contract. Customer deposits totaled $53,939 and $155,986 at April 30, 2024 and April 30, 2023, respectively. From time to time, non-recurring engineering contracts may involve the capitalization of engineering prototypes, classified as contract assets. Contract assets totaled $1,477,859 and $0 at April 30, 2024 and April 30, 2023, respectively.

The following table presents the Company’s revenue disaggregated by revenue type:

	Year Ended April 30,
	2024		2023
Contract related	$	4,173,005	$	1,312,427
Product related		13,663,377		3,308,407
Total	$	17,836,382	$	4,620,834

Research and Development

Research and Development – Research and development expenses include payroll, employee benefits, and other headcount-related expenses associated with product development. Research and development expenses also include third-party development and programming costs, materials, and a proportionate share of overhead costs such as rent.

Product Warranty

Product Warranty - The Company accrues an estimate of its exposure to warranty claims based upon both current and historical product sales data and warranty costs incurred. Product warranty reserves are recorded in current liabilities under accrued expenses. Warranty liability was $372,000 and $90,000 as of April 30, 2024 and April 30, 2023 respectively.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes – Deferred taxes are provided on the liability method whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment. 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements – Management does not believe that recently issued, but not yet effective accounting pronouncements, if adopted, would have a material effect on the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Foreign Currency

Foreign Currency – The functional currency of our former international subsidiary, Skyset, was the local Italian currency. For that subsidiary, we translated assets and liabilities to U.S. dollars using period-end exchange rates, and average monthly exchange rates for revenues, costs, and expenses. We recorded translation gains and losses in accumulated other comprehensive income.

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive Loss – Comprehensive loss consists of net loss and other comprehensive loss. Other comprehensive loss refers to gains and losses that are recorded as an element of stockholders' equity but are excluded from net loss. Our other comprehensive loss is comprised of foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale securities. During the year ended April 30, 2024, comprehensive loss was $865,738 lower than net loss, related to unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities totaling $864,165 and foreign currency translation adjustments of $1,573. During the year ended April 30, 2023, comprehensive loss was $609,155 lower than net loss, related to unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities totaling $610,129, partially offset by foreign currency translation adjustments of $974. 

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation – Stock options are valued using the estimated grant-date fair value method of accounting in accordance with ASC Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation. Fair value is determined based on the Black-Scholes Model using inputs reflecting our estimates of expected volatility, term and future dividends. We recognize forfeitures as they occur. The fair value of restricted stock is based on our stock price on the date of grant. Compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the service period which is the vesting term.

Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share

Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share – Basic and diluted net loss per share has been calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Common stock equivalents were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share of common stock because they were anti-dilutive. The conversion or exercise of these common stock equivalents would dilute earnings per share if we become profitable in the future. Outstanding securities not included in the computation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive include:

	April 30, 2024		April 30, 2023
Series B Preferred Stock, as converted		3,896		822,230
Stock options		6,779,934		4,784,809
Warrants		2,275,999		1,539,999
Restricted stock		175,130		781,060
Total		9,234,959		7,928,098

Related Parties

Related Parties – Parties are considered to be related to us if they have control or significant influence, directly or indirectly, over us, including key management personnel and members of the Board of Directors or are direct relatives of key management personnel of members of the Board of Directors. Related Party transactions are disclosed in Note 20.

Liquidity and Going Concern

Liquidity and Going Concern – The Company has never been profitable and has incurred net losses related to acquisitions, as well as costs incurred to pursue its long-term growth strategy. During the year ended April 30, 2024, the Company incurred a net loss from continuing operations of $21,526,696 and used cash in operating activities of continuing operations of $17,687,063. As of April 30, 2024, working capital for continuing operations totaled $18,746,419. These financial results and our financial position at April 30, 2024 raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. However, the Company has recently taken actions to strengthen its liquidity. On December 11, 2023, we completed a public offering of 18,400,000 shares of common stock which generated net proceeds of approximately $8,400,000 as further described in Note 1 and Note 16. In addition, the Company’s operating plan for the next twelve months has been updated to reflect recent operating improvements.  Revenues have accelerated and are expected to continue growing. The Company’s manufacturing facility is scaling production and gross profits are projected to increase. If necessary, the Company will seek to obtain additional debt financing for which there can be no guarantee. Subsequent to year end, as further described in Note 22, the Company sold its equity method investment for $4,400,000. Management has concluded that these recent positive developments alleviate any substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue its operations, and meet its financial obligations, for twelve months from the date these consolidated financial statements are issued.

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Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

[custom:RestatementsOfPreviouslyIssuedConsolidatedFinancialStatementsTableTextBlock]

	Consolidated Balance Sheet As of April 30, 2023
	Originally Reported			As Restated			Change
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	620,307		$	1,600,434		$	980,127
Total long-term assets		28,018,078			28,568,316			550,238
Operating lease liabilities, current		281,797			159,423			(122,374	)
Warrant derivative liability		588,205			—			(588,205	)
Total current liabilities		4,760,616			4,050,037			(710,579	)
Operating lease liabilities, long-term		379,466			1,481,967			1,102,501
Total long-term liabilities		822,849			1,925,350			1,102,501
Additional paid-in capital		109,993,100			112,642,726			2,649,626
Accumulated deficit		(54,586,793	)		(57,078,103	)		(2,491,310	)
Total shareholders’ equity		54,609,625			54,767,941			158,316
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	60,193,090		$	60,743,328		$	550,238

	Consolidated Statement of Operations For the year ended April 30, 2023
	Originally Reported			As Restated			Change
Change in fair value of derivative liability	$	(1,019,292	)	$	—		$	1,019,292
Net loss	$	(27,087,737	)	$	(28,107,029	)	$	(1,019,292	)

Schedules of Concentration of Risk, by Risk Factor [Table Text Block]

	April 30,
	2024			2023
Customer A		53	%		20	%
Customer B		24	%		*
Customer C		*			24	%
Customer D		*			14	%
Customer E		*			10	%

[custom:RevenueRecognitionDisaggregatedRevenueByTypeTableTextBlock]

	Year Ended April 30,
	2024		2023
Contract related	$	4,173,005	$	1,312,427
Product related		13,663,377		3,308,407
Total	$	17,836,382	$	4,620,834

Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Table Text Block]

	April 30, 2024		April 30, 2023
Series B Preferred Stock, as converted		3,896		822,230
Stock options		6,779,934		4,784,809
Warrants		2,275,999		1,539,999
Restricted stock		175,130		781,060
Total		9,234,959		7,928,098

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Note 3 – Divestiture of Consumer Segment (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]

Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Table Text Block]

	Year ended April 30,
	2024			2023
Revenues	$	4,213,653		$	5,290,946
Cost of goods sold		4,577,980			4,793,430
Gross (Loss) Profit		(364,327	)		497,516
Operating Expenses
Research and development		118,093			346,002
Sales and marketing		1,157,448			862,384
General and administrative		863,361			1,044,435
Total operating expenses		2,138,902			2,252,821
Operating loss		(2,503,229	)		(1,755,305	)
Other expense (income)
Interest expense		22,856			—
Other, net		(152	)		(24,919	)
Other expense (income)		22,704			(24,919	)
Net loss from discontinued operations	$	(2,525,933	)	$	(1,730,386	)

[custom:ScheduleOfDisposalGroupsIncludingDiscontinuedOperationsIncomeStatementBalanceSheetAndAdditionalDisclosuresAssetsAndLiabilitiesTextBlock]

	April 30, 2024		April 30, 2023
Current assets
Cash	$	—	$	86,656
Accounts receivable, net		—		61,107
Inventory		—		3,065,954
Other		—		2,069,438
Total current assets		—		5,283,155
Intangible assets, net		—		20,000
Other		—		3,853
Operating lease right-of-use assets		—		84,544
Total long term assets		—		108,397
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	—	$	606,872
Accrued expenses		—		109,480
Customer deposits		—		244,688
Operating lease liabilities		—		49,461
Total current liabilities		—		1,010,501
Long term liabilities - Operating lease liabilities		—		41,814
Working capital	$	—	$	4,272,654

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Note 5 – Inventories (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Inventory, Current [Table Text Block]

	April 30, 2024		April 30, 2023
Raw materials	$	5,750,324	$	8,132,196
Work-in-process		1,289,997		509,381
Finished goods		966,916		278,996
Total	$	8,007,237	$	8,920,573

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Note 6 – Other Current Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Other Current Assets [Table Text Block]

	April 30, 2024		April 30, 2023
Contract asset	$	1,477,859	$	—
Prepaid expenses		1,206,306		752,564
Grant receivable		675,000		—
Prepaid inventory		602,888		359,500
Accrued interest income		—		151,671
Total	$	3,962,053	$	1,263,735

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Note 8 – Intangible Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Intangible Assets and Goodwill [Table Text Block]

	April 30, 2024							April 30, 2023
	Gross Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Value		Gross Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Value
Proprietary technology	$	4,282,001	$	(1,917,612	)	$	2,364,389	$	4,967,000	$	(1,271,112	)	$	3,695,888
Non-compete agreements		65,000		(65,000	)		—		81,000		(56,667	)		24,333
Customer relationships		—		—			—		39,000		(18,106	)		20,894
Total finite-lived assets		4,347,001		(1,982,612	)		2,364,389		5,087,000		(1,345,885	)		3,741,115
Brand name		1,430,000		—			1,430,000		3,152,000		—			3,152,000
Total indefinite-lived assets		1,430,000		—			1,430,000		3,152,000		—			3,152,000
Total intangible assets, net	$	5,777,001	$	(1,982,612	)	$	3,794,389	$	8,239,000	$	(1,345,885	)	$	6,893,115

Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Future Amortization Expense [Table Text Block]

Fiscal Year Ended:
2025	$	709,316
2026		709,316
2027		709,316
2028		236,441
2029		—
Thereafter		—
Total	$	2,364,389

Schedule of Goodwill [Table Text Block]

Date	Entity	Goodwill
January 2020	Rotor Riot	$	1,849,073
November 2020	Fat Shark		6,168,260
May 2021	Skypersonic		2,826,918
August 2021	Teal Drones		8,995,499
April 2023 - Impairment loss	Skypersonic		(2,826,918	)
Balance at April 30, 2023		$	17,012,832
February 2024 – Divestiture	Rotor Riot, Fat Shark		(7,924,282	)
Balance at April 30, 2024		$	9,088,550

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Note 9 – Equity Method Investment (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]

[custom:EquityMethodInvestmentFinancialInformationTableTextBlock]

Current assets	$	6,128,890
Long-term assets		18,099,802
Current liabilities		691,978
Long-term liabilities		2,313,896
Revenues		618,915
Gross profit		204,167
Net loss	$	(1,106,001	)

Equity Method Investments [Table Text Block]

Initial investment, February 16, 2024	$	17,000,000
Equity method loss		(503,625	)
Impairment		(11,353,875	)
Investment balance, April 30, 2024	$	5,142,500

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Note 10 – Property and Equipment (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property, Plant and Equipment [Table Text Block]

	April 30, 2024			April 30, 2023
Equipment and related	$	1,540,888		$	1,386,373
Leasehold improvements		1,547,976			1,473,890
Furniture and fixtures		163,290			132,752
Accumulated depreciation		(911,470	)		(342,657	)
Net carrying value	$	2,340,684		$	2,650,358

Depreciation expense totaled $568,813 and $311,545 for the years ended April 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

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Note 11 – Other Long-Term Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Note 11 Other Long-term Assets

[custom:ScheduleOfOtherLongTermAssetsTableTextBlock]

	April 30, 2024		April 30, 2023
SAFE agreement	$	250,000	$	250,000
Security deposits		43,126		53,180
Total	$	293,126	$	303,180

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Note 12 – Right of Use Assets and Liabilities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Rent Expense [Table Text Block]

Location	Monthly Rent		Expiration
South Salt Lake, Utah	$	22,667		December 2024
San Juan, Puerto Rico	$	5,647		June 2027
Grantsville, Utah	$	1,000		December 2026

Lessee, Operating Lease, Disclosure [Table Text Block]

Operating cash paid to settle lease liabilities	$$350,162
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)	2.16
Weighted average discount rate	12%

Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, Maturity [Table Text Block]

Fiscal Year Ended:
	2025	$	366,853
	2026		372,449
	2027		372,880
	2028		293,334
	2029		280,080
	Thereafter		443,460
	Total		2,129,056
	Imputed interest		(611,466	)
	Total liability	$	1,517,590

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Note 13 – Debt Obligations (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

[custom:ScheduleOfDebtPaymentsDueTableTextBlock]

Fiscal Year Ended:
2025		751,570
Thereafter		—
Total	$	751,570

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Note 16 – Common Stock (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Common Stock Outstanding Roll Forward [Table Text Block]

Description of Shares	Shares Issued
Shares outstanding as of April 30, 2022		53,748,735
Vesting of restricted stock to employees, net of shares withheld of 273,874 to pay taxes and 9,000 to repay a Note		653,308
Vesting of restricted stock to Board of Directors		116,507
Vesting of restricted stock to consultants		9,683
Shares issued for services		39,832
Shares outstanding as of April 30, 2023		54,568,065
Vesting of restricted stock to employees, net of shares withheld of 27,189 to pay taxes		192,742
Vesting of restricted stock to Board of Directors		252,214
Vesting of restricted stock to consultants		1,761
Conversion of preferred stock		818,334
Issuance of common stock through ATM facilities		53,235
Issuance of common stock through public offering		18,400,000
Exercise of stock options		3,000
Shares outstanding as of April 30, 2024		74,289,351

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Note 18 – Warrants (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Note 18 Warrants

[custom:ScheduleOfWarrantsIssuedAndFairValueTableTextBlock]

		Upon Issuance				Outstanding at April 30, 2024
Date of Transaction		Number of Warrants		Initial Fair Value		Number of Warrants		Fair Value
	October 2020		399,998	$	267,999		266,666	$	209,938
	January 2021		675,000	$	2,870,666		540,000	$	443,242

Defined Benefit Plan, Assumptions [Table Text Block]

	2024			2023
Risk-free interest rate		4.25	%		—
Expected dividend yield		—			—
Expected term (in years)		5.00			—
Expected volatility		205.50	%		—

Schedule of Stockholders' Equity Note, Warrants or Rights [Table Text Block]

	Number of Shares	Weighted-average Exercise Price per Share		Weighted-average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Balance as of April 30, 2022	1,539,999		3.38		3.89	$	427,533
Granted	—	$	—
Exercised	—		—
Outstanding as of April 30, 2023	1,539,999		3.38		2.89	$	—
Granted	736,000		0.63
Exercised	—		—
Outstanding at April 30, 2024	2,275,999	$	2.49		2.77	$	666,080

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Note 19 – Share Based Awards (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

[custom:ScheduleOfAssumptionsUsed1TableTextBlock]

		2024		2025
Exercise Price	$	0.72 – 1.12	$	0.89 – 2.38
Stock price on date of grant		0.70 – 1.12		0.89 – 2.38
Risk-free interest rate		3.46 – 4.41%		3.34 – 4.18%
Dividend yield		—		—
Expected term (years)		5.28 – 8.25		6.25 – 8.25
Volatility		206.99 – 262.07%		245.57 – 260.06%

Disclosure of Share-Based Compensation Arrangements by Share-Based Payment Award [Table Text Block]

	Shares			Weighted-Average Exercise Price		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding as of April 30, 2022		3,694,142		$	2.17		8.56		1,407,545
Granted		1,503,500			1.40
Exercised		—			—
Forfeited or expired		(412,833	)		2.67
Outstanding as of April 30, 2023		4,784,809			1.88		8.72		74,586
Granted		2,903,542			1.02
Exercised		(3,000	)		0.89
Forfeited or expired		(905,417	)		2.27
Outstanding as of April 30, 2024		6,779,934			1.46		8.02		2,762,242
Exercisable as of April 30, 2024		3,578,756		$	1.78		6.77	$	1,246,497

Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Restricted Stock Unit, Activity [Table Text Block]

	Shares			Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Share
Unvested and outstanding as of April 30, 2022		1,083,675		$	2.59
Granted		780,884			2.14
Vested		(1,062,372	)		2.42
Forfeited		(21,127	)		2.13
Unvested and outstanding as of April 30, 2023		781,060			2.44
Granted		298,643			1.06
Vested		(485,024	)		1.92
Forfeited		(419,549	)		2.09
Unvested and outstanding as of April 30, 2024		175,130		$	2.09

Schedule of Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Share-Based Payments [Table Text Block]

	2024		2023
Research and development	$	395,105	$	692,947
Sales and marketing		562,110		566,153
General and administrative		2,652,052		2,397,624
Total	$	3,609,267	$	3,656,724

Stock compensation expense pertaining to options totaled $2,619,501 and $1,617,982 for the year ended April 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Stock compensation expense pertaining to restricted stock totaled $989,766 and $2,038,742 for the year ended April 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

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Impact of restatements of previously issued consolidated financial statements (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$ 1,480,814	$ 1,600,434
Total long-term assets	26,140,063	28,568,316
Operating lease liabilities, long-term	1,321,952	1,481,967
Total long-term liabilities	1,321,952	1,925,350
Additional paid-in capital	124,616,305	112,642,726
Accumulated deficit	(81,130,732)	(57,078,103)
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	48,537,612	60,743,328
Change in fair value of derivative liability	9,642,427
Net loss	$ (24,052,629)	(28,107,029)
Restatement Impact Originally Reported [Member]
Operating lease right-of-use assets		620,307
Total long-term assets		28,018,078
Operating lease liabilities, current		281,797
Warrant derivative liability		588,205
Total current liabilities		4,760,616
Operating lease liabilities, long-term		379,466
Total long-term liabilities		822,849
Additional paid-in capital		109,993,100
Accumulated deficit		(54,586,793)
Total shareholders’ equity		54,609,625
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY		60,193,090
Change in fair value of derivative liability		(1,019,292)
Net loss		(27,087,737)
Restatement Impact As Restated [Member]
Operating lease right-of-use assets		1,600,434
Total long-term assets		28,568,316
Operating lease liabilities, current		159,423
Warrant derivative liability
Total current liabilities		4,050,037
Operating lease liabilities, long-term		1,481,967
Total long-term liabilities		1,925,350
Additional paid-in capital		112,642,726
Accumulated deficit		(57,078,103)
Total shareholders’ equity		54,767,941
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY		60,743,328
Change in fair value of derivative liability
Net loss		(28,107,029)
Restatement Impact Change [Member]
Operating lease right-of-use assets		980,127
Total long-term assets		550,238
Operating lease liabilities, current		(122,374)
Warrant derivative liability		(588,205)
Total current liabilities		(710,579)
Operating lease liabilities, long-term		1,102,501
Total long-term liabilities		1,102,501
Additional paid-in capital		2,649,626
Accumulated deficit		(2,491,310)
Total shareholders’ equity		158,316
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY		550,238
Change in fair value of derivative liability		1,019,292
Net loss		$ (1,019,292)

XML

Note 1 – The Business (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2022	Apr. 30, 2021	Apr. 30, 2020
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
[custom:FirmCommitmentUnderwrittenPublicOfferingShares]	18,400,000
[custom:FirmCommitmentUnderwrittenPublicOfferingGrossProceeds]	$ 9,200,000
[custom:FirmCommitmentUnderwrittenPublicOfferingNetProceeds]	$ 8,400,000
Business Acquisition 1 [Member]
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Business Combination, Consideration Transferred				$ 1,995,114
Business Acquisition 2 [Member]
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Business Combination, Consideration Transferred			$ 8,354,076
Business Acquisition 3 [Member]
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Business Combination, Consideration Transferred		$ 2,791,012
Business Acquisition 4 [Member]
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Business Combination, Consideration Transferred		$ 10,011,279

XML

Customer concentration risk (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023
Customer Concentration Risk 1 [Member]
Product Information [Line Items]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	53.00%	20.00%
Customer Concentration Risk 2 [Member]
Product Information [Line Items]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	24.00%
Customer Concentration Risk 3 [Member]
Product Information [Line Items]
Concentration Risk, Percentage		24.00%
Customer Concentration Risk 4 [Member]
Product Information [Line Items]
Concentration Risk, Percentage		14.00%
Customer Concentration Risk 5 [Member]
Product Information [Line Items]
Concentration Risk, Percentage		10.00%

XML

Company's revenue disaggregated by revenue type (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Contract related	$ 4,173,005	$ 1,312,427
Product related	13,663,377	3,308,407
Total	$ 17,836,382	$ 4,620,834

XML

Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share (Details) - shares	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Series B Preferred Stock, as converted	3,896	822,230
Stock options	6,779,934	4,784,809
Warrants	2,275,999	1,539,999
Restricted stock	175,130	781,060
Total	9,234,959	7,928,098

XML

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Cash	$ 6,067,169	$ 3,173,649
Interest and Dividend Income, Securities, Operating, Other	0	151,671
Equity Method Investment, Other than Temporary Impairment	11,353,875
Contract with Customer, Liability, Current	53,939	155,986
Contract with Customer, Asset, before Allowance for Credit Loss, Current	1,477,859	0
Standard Product Warranty Accrual, Current	372,000	90,000
[custom:DifferenceBetweenComprehensiveLossAndNetLoss]	865,738	609,155
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Gain (Loss)	864,165	610,129
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Foreign Currency Transaction and Translation Adjustment, before Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent	1,573	974
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations, Net of Tax, Attributable to Parent	(21,526,696)	(26,376,643)
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities, Continuing Operations	(17,687,063)	$ (24,313,674)
Banking Regulation, Total Capital, Actual	$ 18,746,419

XML

Discontinued Operations - results of operations (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023
Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]
Revenues	$ 4,213,653	$ 5,290,946
Cost of goods sold	4,577,980	4,793,430
Gross (Loss) Profit	(364,327)	497,516
Operating Expenses
Research and development	118,093	346,002
Sales and marketing	1,157,448	862,384
General and administrative	863,361	1,044,435
Total operating expenses	2,138,902	2,252,821
Operating loss	(2,503,229)	(1,755,305)
Other expense (income)
Interest expense	22,856
Other, net	(152)	(24,919)
Other expense (income)	22,704	(24,919)
Net loss from discontinued operations	$ (2,525,933)	$ (1,730,386)

XML

Assets and liabilities for the Consumer Segment (Details) - USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023
Current assets
Cash		$ 86,656
Accounts receivable, net		61,107
Inventory		3,065,954
Other		2,069,438
Total current assets		5,283,155
Intangible assets, net		20,000
Other		3,853
Operating lease right-of-use assets		84,544
Total long term assets		108,397
Current liabilities
Accounts payable		606,872
Accrued expenses		109,480
Customer deposits		244,688
Operating lease liabilities		49,461
Total current liabilities		1,010,501
Long term liabilities - Operating lease liabilities		41,814
Working capital		$ 4,272,654

XML

Note 3 – Divestiture of Consumer Segment (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023	Feb. 16, 2024
Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]
Noncash or Part Noncash Divestiture, Amount of Consideration Received	$ 20,000,000
[custom:NoncashOrPartNoncashDivestitureCashConsiderationReceived1]	1,000,000
[custom:NoncashOrPartNoncashDivestiturePromissoryNoteConsiderationReceived1]	2,000,000
[custom:NoncashOrPartNoncashDivestitureSecuritiesConsiderationReceived1]	$ 17,000,000
[custom:NoncashOrPartNoncashDivestitureSecuritiesConsiderationReceivedShares]	4,250,000
[custom:WorkingCapitalAtClosingOfDisposalGroup-0]			$ 2,000,000

XML

Note 4 – Marketable Securities (Details Narrative)	Apr. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
[custom:CorporateBondsAtCarryingValueFairValue-0]	$ 12,814,038
[custom:CorporateBondsAtCarryingValueCostBasis-0]	13,678,203
[custom:CorporateBondsAtCarryingValueUnrealizedLosses-0]	$ 864,165

XML

Inventories (Details) - USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Raw materials	$ 5,750,324	$ 8,132,196
Work-in-process	1,289,997	509,381
Finished goods	966,916	278,996
Total	$ 8,007,237	$ 8,920,573

XML

Other current assets (Details) - USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023
Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Contract asset	$ 1,477,859	$ 0
Prepaid expenses	1,206,306	752,564
Grant receivable	675,000
Prepaid inventory	602,888	359,500
Accrued interest income		151,671
Total	$ 3,962,053	$ 1,263,735

XML

Note 7 – Due From Related Party (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	2 Months Ended	4 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2023	Apr. 30, 2023
Note 7 Due From Related Party
[custom:CashCompensationSubjectToTaxation]		$ 155,624
[custom:IncomeAssociatedWithStockCompensationSubjectToTaxation]		$ 1,413,332
[custom:NoteReceivableWithEmployeeRepresentingEstimatedTaxesOwedRelatedToStockCompensation]	$ 510,323
[custom:CommonStockWithheldByCompanyAppliedAgainstNoteShares]	104,166
[custom:CommonStockWithheldByCompanyAppliedAgainstNoteAmount]	$ 280,832
[custom:SharesHeldAtTransferAgentUntilNoteReceivableRepayment]	110,983
[custom:RestrictedStockScheduledToVestShares]	20,833
[custom:RestrictedStockScheduledToVestSharesWithheldToBeAppliedAgainstNoteReceivable]	3,000
[custom:PaymentsForTaxLiability]	$ 712,646
[custom:EstimatedTaxesOwedRelatedToStockCompensation]	31,604
Income Tax Examination, Penalties and Interest Expense	$ 170,719

XML

Intangible assets (Details) - USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023
Intangible Assets Gross Carrying Amount [Member]
Proprietary technology	$ 4,282,001	$ 4,967,000
Non-compete agreements	65,000	81,000
Customer relationships		39,000
Total finite-lived assets	4,347,001	5,087,000
Brand name	1,430,000	3,152,000
Total indefinite-lived assets	1,430,000	3,152,000
Total intangible assets, net	5,777,001	8,239,000
Intangible Assets Accumulated Amortization [Member]
Proprietary technology	(1,917,612)	(1,271,112)
Non-compete agreements	(65,000)	(56,667)
Customer relationships		(18,106)
Total finite-lived assets	(1,982,612)	(1,345,885)
Brand name
Total indefinite-lived assets
Total intangible assets, net	(1,982,612)	(1,345,885)
Intangible Assets Net Carrying Value [Member]
Proprietary technology	2,364,389	3,695,888
Non-compete agreements		24,333
Customer relationships		20,894
Total finite-lived assets	2,364,389	3,741,115
Brand name	1,430,000	3,152,000
Total indefinite-lived assets	1,430,000	3,152,000
Total intangible assets, net	$ 3,794,389	$ 6,893,115

XML

Expected amortization expense for the unamortized finite-lived intangible assets (Details)	Apr. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
	$ 709,316
	709,316
	709,316
	236,441
	$ 2,364,389

XML

Composition of, and changes in goodwill (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended		3 Months Ended	21 Months Ended	24 Months Ended	30 Months Ended	40 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023	Apr. 30, 2023	Apr. 30, 2023	Apr. 30, 2023
Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
	$ (412,999)	$ (2,826,918)
	9,088,550	17,012,832	$ 9,088,550	$ 17,012,832	$ 17,012,832	$ 17,012,832	$ 17,012,832
Goodwill [Member]
Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
				8,995,499	2,826,918	6,168,260	1,849,073
		(2,826,918)
	$ 9,088,550	$ 17,012,832	9,088,550	$ 17,012,832	$ 17,012,832	$ 17,012,832	$ 17,012,832
			$ (7,924,282)

XML

Note 8 – Intangible Assets (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Goodwill, Impairment Loss	$ (412,999)	$ (2,826,918)

XML

Financial informatino for UMAC derived from their Form 10-Q (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Current assets		$ 22,397,549	$ 32,175,012
Long-term assets		26,140,063	28,568,316
Current liabilities		3,651,130	4,050,037
Long-term liabilities		1,321,952	1,925,350
Revenues		17,836,382	4,620,834
Gross profit		3,680,546	(834,311)
Net loss		$ (24,052,629)	$ (28,107,029)
Equity Method Investment, Nonconsolidated Investee, Other [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Current assets	$ 6,128,890
Long-term assets	18,099,802
Current liabilities	691,978
Long-term liabilities	2,313,896
Revenues	618,915
Gross profit	204,167
Net loss	$ (1,106,001)

XML

Impacts on investments into UMAC (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Initial investment, February 16, 2024
Impairment	(11,353,875)
Investment balance, April 30, 2024	5,142,500
Equity Method Investment, Nonconsolidated Investee, Other [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Equity method loss	(503,625)
Impairment	(11,353,875)
Investment balance, April 30, 2024	$ 5,142,500

XML

Property and equipment (Details) - USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Equipment and related	$ 1,540,888	$ 1,386,373
Leasehold improvements	1,547,976	1,473,890
Furniture and fixtures	163,290	132,752
Accumulated depreciation	(911,470)	(342,657)
Net carrying value	$ 2,340,684	$ 2,650,358

XML

Note 10 – Property and Equipment (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation	$ 568,813	$ 311,545

XML

Other long term assets (Details) - USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023
Note 11 Other Long-term Assets
SAFE agreement	$ 250,000	$ 250,000
Security deposits	43,126	53,180
Total	$ 293,126	$ 303,180

XML

Note 11 – Other Long-Term Assets (Details Narrative)	1 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Note 11 Other Long-term Assets
[custom:PaymentForSAFEAgreement]	$ 250,000

XML

Operating leases (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Operating Lease Location 1 [Member]
Operating Lease, Expense	$ 22,667
Operating Lease Location 3 [Member]
Operating Lease, Expense	5,647
Operating Lease Location 4 [Member]
Operating Lease, Expense	$ 1,000

XML

Supplemental information related to operating leases (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
Operating cash paid to settle lease liabilities	$ 350,162
Operating Lease, Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term	2 years 1 month 28 days
Weighted average discount rate	12.00%

XML

Future lease payment obligations (Details)	Apr. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
	$ 366,853
	372,449
	372,880
	293,334
	280,080
	443,460
	2,129,056
	(611,466)
	$ 1,517,590

XML

Outstanding principal payments (Details)	Apr. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
	$ 751,570
	$ 751,570

XML

Note 13 – Debt Obligations (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	7 Months Ended	8 Months Ended	9 Months Ended	10 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Apr. 30, 2023	Apr. 30, 2023	Apr. 30, 2023	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2024	Jul. 31, 2022	Apr. 30, 2022	Aug. 31, 2022	Aug. 31, 2021
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment							$ 37,500
Long-Term Debt, Gross		$ 895,709	$ 895,709	$ 895,709	$ 370,537	$ 370,537
Accrued Liabilities, Current		409,439	$ 409,439	409,439	1,069,561	$ 1,069,561
Debt Obligation 1 [Member]
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount									$ 1,670,294
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate During Period			10.00%
Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment				49,275
Debt Obligation 2 [Member]
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate During Period						0.13%
[custom:ConvertibleNoteAgreementAmount]								$ 350,000
Accrued Liabilities, Current		$ 878	$ 878	878	1,334	$ 1,334
Debt Obligation 3 [Member]
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount										$ 387,500
Debt Obligation 6 [Member]
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate During Period		8.25%
Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment		$ 3,595
Long-Term Debt, Gross		66,586	66,586	66,586	27,495	27,495
[custom:LeaseholdImprovementAgreementFundsReceived]					120,000
Debt Obligation 8 [Member]
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment			656
Long-Term Debt, Gross		$ 11,412	$ 11,412	$ 11,412	$ 3,538	$ 3,538
[custom:FinancingAgreementFundingOfPurchaseOfFixedAsset]	$ 24,383

XML

Note 14 – Due to Related Party (Details Narrative) - Due To Related Party 2 [Member] - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	28 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
[custom:LineOfCreditObligationAssumedInConnectionWithAcquisition]		$ 47,853
[custom:DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod1]		6.67%
[custom:DueToOtherRelatedPartyClassifiedCurrent-0]	$ 37,196
[custom:DebtInstrumentOutstandingAccruedInterestPayment]	$ 292

XML

Note 15 – Income Taxes (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)	$ (81,130,732)	$ (57,078,103)
Deferred Tax Assets, Operating Loss Carryforwards	$ 15,004,000	$ 10,101,000

XML

Summary of shares of common stock issued (Details) - Common Stock [Member] - shares	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Shares, Outstanding, Beginning Balance	54,568,065	53,748,735
Vesting of restricted stock to employees, net of shares withheld of 27,189 to pay taxes	192,742	653,308
Vesting of restricted stock to Board of Directors	252,214	116,507
Vesting of restricted stock to consultants	1,761	9,683
Shares issued for services		39,832
Shares, Outstanding, Ending Balance	74,289,351	54,568,065
Conversion of preferred stock	818,334
Issuance of common stock through ATM facilities	53,235
Issuance of common stock through public offering	18,400,000
Exercise of stock options	3,000

XML

Note 17 – Preferred Stock (Details Narrative) - shares	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023
Series B Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred Stock, Shares Outstanding	4,676	986,676
Series A Preferred Stock 2 [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
[custom:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesCommonStockIssuableUponConversionOfPreferredStock]	3,896

XML

Summary of warrants issued and fair values (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2021	Oct. 31, 2020	Apr. 30, 2024
Note 18 Warrants
[custom:NumberOfWarrantsUponIssuance]	675,000	399,998
[custom:InitialFairValueOfWarrantsUponIssuance]	$ 2,870,666	$ 267,999
[custom:NumberOfWarrantsOutstanding-0]			266,666
[custom:FairValueOfWarrantsOutstanding-0]			$ 209,938
[custom:NumberOfWarrantsOutstanding2-0]			540,000
[custom:FairValueOfWarrantsOutstanding2-0]			$ 443,242

XML

Assumptions used to estimate fair value of stock warrants granted (Details) - Warrant Assumptions Used [Member]	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Risk Free Interest Rate, Maximum	4.25%
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Dividend Rate
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Term	5 years
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Volatility Rate, Maximum	205.50%

XML

Changes in warrants outstanding (Details) - Warrants Outstanding 1 [Member] - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023	Apr. 30, 2022
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Number	2,275,999	1,539,999	1,539,999
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price	$ 2.49	$ 3.38	$ 3.38
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Vested and Expected to Vest, Outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term	2 years 9 months 7 days	2 years 10 months 20 days	3 years 10 months 20 days
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Vested and Expected to Vest, Outstanding, Aggregate Intrinsic Value	$ 666,080		$ 427,533
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross	736,000
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value	$ 0.63
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Exercises in Period
Share-Based Compensation Arrangements by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Exercises in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price

XML

Note 18 – Warrants (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended			2 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2023	May 31, 2022	Apr. 30, 2022	Apr. 30, 2022
Note 18 Warrants
[custom:WarrantsIssuedExercisePrice]	$ 5.625	$ 5.00	$ 1.50
[custom:ProceedsReceivedFromExerciseOfWarrants]				$ 301,248
[custom:ExerciseOfWarrantsShares]				268,332
[custom:WarrantsToPurchaseSharesIssued]	533,333	200,000

XML

Assumptions used to calculate fair value of options granted (Details) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023
[custom:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm2]	8 years 3 months
Options Assumptions Used [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Exercise Price	$ 0.72	$ 0.89
[custom:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExercisePrice1-0]	1.12	2.38
[custom:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsStockPriceOnGrantDate-0]	0.70	0.89
[custom:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsStockPriceOnGrantDate1-0]	$ 1.12	$ 2.38
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Risk Free Interest Rate, Minimum	3.46%	3.34%
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Risk Free Interest Rate, Maximum	4.41%	4.18%
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Dividend Rate
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Term	5 years 3 months 10 days	6 years 3 months
[custom:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm2]		8 years 3 months
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Volatility Rate, Minimum	206.99%	245.57%
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Volatility Rate, Maximum	262.07%	260.06%

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Summary of activity under the Plan (Details) - Options 1 [Member] - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023	Apr. 30, 2022
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Number	6,779,934	4,784,809	3,694,142
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price	$ 1.46	$ 1.88	$ 2.17
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term	8 years 7 days	8 years 8 months 19 days	8 years 6 months 21 days
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Vested and Expected to Vest, Outstanding, Aggregate Intrinsic Value	$ 2,762,242	$ 74,586	$ 1,407,545
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross	2,903,542	1,503,500
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value	$ 1.02	$ 1.40
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Exercises in Period	(3,000)
Share-Based Compensation Arrangements by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Exercises in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price	$ 0.89
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Nonvested Options Forfeited, Number of Shares	(905,417)	(412,833)
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Forfeitures and Expirations in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price	$ 2.27	$ 2.67
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Number	3,578,756
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range, Exercisable, Weighted Average Exercise Price	$ 1.78
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term	6 years 9 months 7 days
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Vested and Expected to Vest, Exercisable, Aggregate Intrinsic Value	$ 1,246,497

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Summary of restricted stock activity under the Plan (Details) - Restricted Stock [Member] - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023	Apr. 30, 2021
[custom:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardRestrictedStockUnvestedAndOutstandingNumber-0]	175,130	781,060	1,083,675
[custom:SharebasedCompensationSharesRestrictedStockUnvestedAndOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice-0]	$ 2.09	$ 2.44	$ 2.59
[custom:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardRestrictedStockGrantsInPeriodGross]	298,643	780,884
[custom:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardRestrictedStockGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue]	$ 1.06	$ 2.14
[custom:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardRestrictedStockNumberVestedInPeriod]	(485,024)	(1,062,372)
[custom:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardRestrictedStockNumberVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue]	$ 1.92	$ 2.42
[custom:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardRestrictedStockNonvestedOptionsForfeitedNumberOfShares]	419,549	(21,127)
[custom:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardRestrictedStockForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice]	$ 2.09	$ 2.13
[custom:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardRestrictedStockNonvestedOptionsForfeitedNumberOfShares]	(419,549)	21,127

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Stock compensation expense by functional category (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Research and development	$ 395,105	$ 692,947
Sales and marketing	562,110	566,153
General and administrative	2,652,052	2,397,624
Total	$ 3,609,267	$ 3,656,724

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Note 19 – Share Based Awards (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
[custom:NumberOfSharesIssuableInConnectionWithAwardsUnderPlanMaximum]	11,750,000
[custom:UnrecognizedStockBasedCompensationExpenseRelatedToUnvestedStockOptions]	$ 943,648	$ 2,940,239
[custom:StockCompensationExpensePertainingToOptions]	2,619,501	1,617,982
[custom:StockCompensationExpensePertainingToRestrictedStockUnits]	$ 989,766	$ 2,038,742