b. Pension and Postretirement Benefits. Net periodic pension expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 is presented below (in millions of dollars):


	Three Months Ended Sept. 30, 2013									Three Months Ended Sept. 30, 2012
	Total			U.S. Plans			Int’l. Plans			Total			U.S. Plans			Int’l. Plans
Service cost	$	2.6		$	—		$	2.6		$	2.3		$	—		$	2.3
Interest cost		82.0			55.3			26.7			91.3			63.8			27.5
Expected return on plan assets		(108.5	)		(73.0	)		(35.5	)		(105.3	)		(71.4	)		(33.9	)
Amortization of prior service cost		(.8	)		.2			(1.0	)		(.1	)		.1			(.2	)
Recognized net actuarial loss		48.1			35.1			13.0			41.7			31.9			9.8

Net periodic pension expense	$	23.4		$	17.6		$	5.8		$	29.9		$	24.4		$	5.5


	Nine Months Ended Sept. 30, 2013									Nine Months Ended Sept. 30, 2012
	Total			U.S. Plans			Int’l. Plans			Total			U.S. Plans			Int’l. Plans
Service cost	$	7.8		$	—		$	7.8		$	6.5		$	—		$	6.5
Interest cost		244.3			165.1			79.2			272.7			188.2			84.5
Expected return on plan assets		(323.9	)		(218.7	)		(105.2	)		(315.9	)		(214.3	)		(101.6	)
Amortization of prior service cost		(1.2	)		.5			(1.7	)		.2			.5			(.3	)
Recognized net actuarial loss		142.4			104.1			38.3			118.9			91.8			27.1
Curtailment gain		—			—			—			(5.7	)		—			(5.7	)

Net periodic pension expense	$	69.4		$	51.0		$	18.4		$	76.7		$	66.2		$	10.5

In 2013, the company estimates that it will make cash contributions of approximately $144 million to its worldwide defined benefit pension plans, which is comprised of $110 million primarily for non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans and $34 million for the company’s U.S. qualified defined benefit pension plan. In 2012, the company made cash contributions of $201.5 million to its worldwide defined benefit pension plans. For the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, $101.6 million and $175.1 million, respectively, of cash contributions have been made.

Net periodic postretirement benefit expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 is presented below (in millions of dollars):


	Three Months Ended Sept. 30						Nine Months Ended Sept. 30
	2013			2012			2013			2012
Service cost	$	.2		$	.2		$	.5		$	.4
Interest cost		2.0			2.2			6.0			6.7
Expected return on assets		(.2	)		(.1	)		(.4	)		(.4	)
Amortization of prior service cost		.5			.4			1.4			1.3
Recognized net actuarial loss		1.4			1.1			4.1			3.3

Net periodic postretirement benefit expense	$	3.9		$	3.8		$	11.6		$	11.3

The company expects to make cash contributions of approximately $20 million to its postretirement benefit plan in 2013 compared with $20.4 million in 2012. For the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, $11.0 million and $12.1 million, respectively, of cash contributions have been made.