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Liquidity, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Glowpoint and our 100%-owned subsidiaries, GPAV Merger Sub Inc., a Delaware corporation and GP Communications, LLC, whose business function is to provide interstate telecommunications services for regulatory purposes. All material inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

Preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual amounts could differ from the estimates made. We continually evaluate estimates used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements for reasonableness. Appropriate adjustments, if any, to the estimates used are made prospectively based upon such periodic evaluation. The significant areas of estimation include determining the allowance for doubtful accounts, deferred tax valuation allowance, accrued sales taxes, the estimated life of customer relationships, the estimated lives and recoverability of property and equipment, and the allocation of intangible assets.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Allowance for Doubtful AccountsWe perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers. We record an allowance for doubtful accounts based on specifically identified amounts that are believed to be uncollectible. We also record additional allowances based on our aged receivables, which are determined based on historical experience and an assessment of the general financial conditions affecting our customer base. If our actual collections experience changes, revisions to our allowance may be required. After all attempts to collect a receivable have failed, the receivable is written off against the allowance. We do not obtain collateral from our customers to secure accounts receivable.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company considers its cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable to meet the definition of financial instruments. The carrying amount of cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximated their fair value due to the short maturities of these instruments. The fair values of the revolving loan facility and long-term debt are based on borrowing rates that are available to the Company for loans with similar terms, collateral, and maturity. The estimated fair values of the revolving loan facility and long-term debt approximate the carrying values.

The Company measures fair value as required by the ASC topic 820“Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC Topic 820”). ASC Topic 820 defines fair value, establishes a framework and gives guidance regarding the methods used for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. ASC Topic 820 clarifies that fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, there exists a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:


•	Level 1 - unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access as of the measurement date.


•	Level 2 - inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are directly observable for the asset or liability or indirectly observable through corroboration with observable market data.


•	Level 3 - unobservable inputs for the asset or liability only used when there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date.

This hierarchy requires the Company to use observable market data, when available, and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value.

Accounting Standards Updates

Revenue Recognition

Revenue billed in advance for monitoring and management services is deferred until the revenue has been earned, which is when the related services have been performed. Other service revenue, including amounts passed through based on surcharges from our telecom carriers, related to the network services and collaboration services are recognized as service is provided. As the non-refundable, upfront installation and activation fees charged to the subscribers do not meet the criteria as a separate unit of accounting, they are deferred and recognized over the 12 to 24 month period estimated life of the customer relationship. Revenue related to professional services is recognized at the time the services are performed. Revenues derived from other sources are recognized when services are provided or events occur.

Taxes Billed to Customers and Remitted to Taxing Authorities

We recognize taxes billed to customers in revenues and taxes remitted to taxing authorities in our operating costs, network and infrastructure.

Long-Lived Assets

Long-Lived Assets and Intangible Assets

We evaluate impairment losses on long-lived assets used in operations, primarily fixed assets and purchased intangible assets subject to amortization, when events and circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets might not be recoverable . For purposes of evaluating the recoverability of long-lived assets, the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are compared to the carrying amounts of those assets. If and when the carrying values of the assets exceed their fair values, then the related assets will be written down to fair value.

Capitalized Software Costs

The Company capitalizes certain costs incurred in connection with developing or obtaining internal-use software. All software development costs have been appropriately accounted for as required by ASC Topic 350.40 “Intangible – Goodwill and Other – Internal-Use Software.” Capitalized software costs are included in “Property and Equipment” on our consolidated balance sheets and are amortized over three to four years. Software costs that do not meet capitalization criteria are expensed as incurred.

Deferred Financing Costs

Deferred financing costs, which are included in other assets, are amortized as interest expense over the contractual lives of the related credit facilities.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash, and trade accounts receivable. We place our cash primarily in commercial checking accounts. Commercial bank balances may from time to time exceed federal insurance limits.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost and are depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, which range from three to five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of either the asset's useful life or the related lease term. Depreciation is computed on the straight-line method for financial reporting purposes. Property and equipment include fixed assets subject to capital leases which are depreciated over the life of the respective asset.

Income Taxes

We use the asset and liability method to determine our income tax expense or benefit. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are computed based on temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates that are expected to be in effect when the differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Any resulting net deferred tax assets are evaluated for recoverability and, accordingly, a valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely that not that all or some portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized.

Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net earnings attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings or loss per share reflects the potential dilution from the conversion or exercise into common stock of securities such as stock options and warrants as well as the average number of shares.

Stock-based Compensation

Stock based awards have been appropriately accounted for as required by ASC topic 718 “Compensation – Stock Compensation” (“ASC topic 718”). Under ASC topic 718 share based awards are valued at fair value on the date of grant, and that fair value is recognized over the requisite service period. The Company values its stock based awards using the Black-Scholes option valuation model.

Accounting Standards Update

In July 2012, the FASB issued ASU 2012-02, "Intangibles- Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets for Impairment". This standard is effective for annual interim indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after September 15, 2012, with early adoption permitted. This standard provides for an optional qualitative assessment for the testing of indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment to determine whether it is more likely than not that such asset is impaired. If it is concluded that this is the case, it is necessary to perform the currently prescribed quantitative impairment test by comparing the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset with its carrying value. Otherwise, the quantitative impairment test is not required. The company's adoption o f this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.