Credit Quality of Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses

The loan portfolio consisted of the following (in thousands):



	March 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	441,160		$	454,028
Real estate - construction	84,790			74,952
Real estate – commercial	467,648			471,141
Real estate – residential	149,961			149,064
Installment loans to individuals	103,181			111,009
Lease financing receivable	1,590			1,968
Other	1,719			1,483
	1,250,049			1,263,645
Less allowance for loan losses	(20,347		)	(19,011		)
	$	1,229,702		$	1,244,634

The Company monitors loan concentrations and evaluates individual customer and aggregate industry leverage, profitability, risk rating distributions, and liquidity for each major standard industry classification segment. At March 31, 2016, one industry segment concentration, the oil and gas industry, constituted more than 10% of the loan portfolio. The Company’s exposure in the oil and gas industry, including related service and manufacturing industries, totaled approximately $252.5 million, or 20.2% of total loans. Additionally, the Company’s exposure to loans secured by commercial real estate is monitored. At March 31, 2016, loans secured by commercial real estate (including commercial construction, farmland and multifamily loans) totaled approximately $532.5 million. Of the $532.5 million, $467.6 million represent CRE loans, 54% of which are secured by owner-occupied commercial properties. Of the $532.5 million in loans secured by commercial real estate, $26.0 million, or 4.9%, were on nonaccrual status at March 31, 2016.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses is a valuation account available to absorb probable losses on loans. All losses are charged to the allowance for loan losses when the loss actually occurs or when a determination is made that a loss is likely to occur. Recoveries are credited to the allowance for loan losses at the time of recovery. Quarterly, the probable level of losses in the existing portfolio is estimated through consideration of various factors. Based on these estimates, the allowance for loan losses is increased by charges to earnings and decreased by charge‑offs (net of recoveries).

The allowance is composed of general reserves and specific reserves. General reserves are determined by applying loss percentages to segments of the portfolio. The loss percentages are based on each segment’s historical loss experience, generally over the past twelve to eighteen months, and adjustment factors derived from conditions in the Company’s internal and external environment. All loans considered to be impaired are evaluated on an individual basis to determine specific reserve allocations in accordance with GAAP. Loans for which specific reserves are provided are excluded from the calculation of general reserves.

Loans acquired in business combinations are initially recorded at fair value, which includes an estimate of credit losses expected to be realized over the remaining lives of the loans, and therefore no corresponding allowance for loan losses is recorded for these loans at acquisition. Methods utilized to estimate any subsequently required allowance for loan losses for acquired loans not deemed credit-impaired at acquisition are similar to originated loans; however, the estimate of loss is based on the unpaid principal balance and then compared to any remaining unaccreted purchase discount. To the extent that the calculated loss is greater than the remaining unaccreted purchase discount, an allowance is recorded for such difference.

The Company has an internal loan review department that is independent of the lending function to challenge and corroborate the loan grade assigned by the lender and to provide additional analysis in determining the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses.

A rollforward of the activity within the allowance for loan losses by loan type and recorded investment in loans for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 is as follows (in thousands):



	March 31, 2016
				Real Estate
	Coml, Fin, and Agric			Constru-ction			Commercial		Residential			Installment loans to individuals			Lease financing receivable			Other		Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance	$	11,268		$	819		$	4,614	$	816		$	1,468		$	14		$	12	$	19,011
Charge-offs	(1,307		)	—			—		(4		)	(283		)	—			—		(1,594		)
Recoveries	26			—			76		3			25			—			—		130
Provision	2,194			(420		)	861		(170		)	336			(3		)	2		2,800
Ending balance	$	12,181		$	399		$	5,551	$	645		$	1,546		$	11		$	14	$	20,347
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	$	1,021		$	—		$	2,586	$	267		$	278		$	—		$	—	$	4,152
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	$	11,160		$	399		$	2,965	$	378		$	1,268		$	11		$	14	$	16,195

Loans:
Ending balance	$	441,160		$	84,790		$	467,648	$	149,961		$	103,181		$	1,590		$	1,719	$	1,250,049
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	$	29,097		$	35		$	27,511	$	2,230		$	506		$	—		$	—	$	59,379
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	$	412,063		$	84,755		$	439,530	$	147,653		$	102,675		$	1,590		$	1,719	$	1,189,985
Ending balance: loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality	$	—		$	—		$	607	$	78		$	—		$	—		$	—	$	685



	March 31, 2015
				Real Estate
	Coml, Fin, and Agric			Constr-uction			Commercial		Residential			Installment loans to individuals			Lease financing receivable		Other		Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance	$	5,729		$	954		$	2,402	$	810		$	1,311		$	16	$	4	$	11,226
Charge-offs	(1,001		)	(6		)	—		(2		)	(323		)	—		—		(1,332		)
Recoveries	132			—			6		2			26			—		—		166
Provision	5,523			3			202		7			260			4		1		6,000
Ending balance	$	10,383		$	951		$	2,610	$	817		$	1,274		$	20	$	5	$	16,060
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	$	737		$	—		$	645	$	57		$	206		$	—	$	—	$	1,645
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	$	9,646		$	951		$	1,965	$	760		$	1,068		$	20	$	5	$	14,415

Loans:
Ending balance	$	484,508		$	76,964		$	471,737	$	153,647		$	115,284		$	6,350	$	2,439	$	1,310,929
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	$	2,427		$	477		$	7,977	$	1,471		$	405		$	—	$	—	$	12,757
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	$	482,081		$	76,487		$	463,106	$	152,087		$	114,879		$	6,350	$	2,439	$	1,297,429
Ending balance: loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality	$	—		$	—		$	654	$	89		$	—		$	—	$	—	$	743

Non-Accrual and Past Due Loans

Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payment have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans are placed on non-accrual status when, in management’s opinion, the probability of collection of interest is deemed insufficient to warrant further accrual. For loans placed on non-accrual status, the accrual of interest is discontinued and subsequent payments received are applied to the principal balance. Interest income is recorded after principal has been satisfied and as payments are received. Non-accrual loans may be returned to accrual status if all principal and interest amounts contractually owed are reasonably assured of repayment within a reasonable period and there is a period of at least six months to one year of repayment performance by the borrower depending on the contractual payment terms.

An age analysis of past due loans (including both accruing and non-accruing loans) is as follows (in thousands):



	March 31, 2016
	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Greater than 90 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans		Recorded Investment > 90 days and Accruing
Commercial, financial, and agricultural	$	6,021	$	1,922	$	24,116	$	32,059	$	409,101	$	441,160	$	204
Commercial real estate - construction	260		—		11		271		64,549		64,820		—
Commercial real estate - other	10,754		—		16,275		27,029		440,619		467,648		—
Residential - construction	1,468		—		—		1,468		18,502		19,970		—
Residential - prime	1,046		97		1,625		2,768		147,193		149,961		—
Consumer - credit card	37		17		16		70		5,648		5,718		16
Consumer - other	625		306		478		1,409		96,054		97,463		38
Lease financing receivable	—		—		—		—		1,590		1,590		—
Other loans	66		3		—		69		1,650		1,719		—
	$	20,277	$	2,345	$	42,521	$	65,143	$	1,184,906	$	1,250,049	$	258

	December 31, 2015
	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Greater than 90 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans		Recorded Investment > 90 days and Accruing
Commercial, financial, and agricultural	$	1,362	$	2,317	$	25,696	$	29,375	$	424,653	$	454,028	$	59
Commercial real estate - construction	1,047		—		12		1,059		55,839		56,898		—
Commercial real estate - other	1,164		514		19,512		21,190		449,951		471,141		—
Residential - construction	—		—		—		—		18,054		18,054		—
Residential - prime	1,703		367		1,563		3,633		145,431		149,064		19
Consumer - credit card	38		25		22		85		5,970		6,055		22
Consumer - other	984		219		387		1,590		103,364		104,954		47
Lease financing receivable	—		—		—		—		1,968		1,968		—
Other loans	101		4		—		105		1,378		1,483		—
	$	6,399	$	3,446	$	47,192	$	57,037	$	1,206,608	$	1,263,645	$	147

Non-accrual loans are as follows (in thousands):



	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Commercial, financial, and agricultural	$	24,900	$	27,705
Commercial real estate – construction	35		37
Commercial real estate - other	25,951		19,907
Residential - construction	—		—
Residential - prime	2,322		1,998
Consumer - credit card	—		—
Consumer - other	506		404
Lease financing receivable	—		—
Other	—		—
	$	53,714	$	50,051

The amount of interest that would have been recorded on non-accrual loans, had the loans not been classified as non-accrual, totaled approximately $757,000 and $342,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Interest actually received on non-accrual loans subsequent to their transfer to non-accrual status totaled at March 31, 2016 and 2015 was $59,000 and $11,000, respectively.

Impaired Loans

Loans are considered impaired when, based upon current information, it is probable the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. All loans classified as special mention, substandard, or doubtful, based on credit risk rating factors, are reviewed to determine whether impairment testing is appropriate. An allowance for each impaired loan is calculated based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate or at the loan’s observable market price or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collaterally dependent. All impaired loans are reviewed, at a minimum, on a quarterly basis. Existing valuations are reviewed to determine if additional discounts or new appraisals are required. After this review, when comparing the resulting collateral valuation to the outstanding loan balance, if the discounted collateral value exceeds the loan balance no specific allocation is reserved. Acquired impaired loans are generally not subject to individual evaluation for impairment and are not reported with impaired loans or troubled debt restructurings, even if they would otherwise qualify for such treatment.

Loans that are individually evaluated for impairment are as follows (in thousands):



	March 31, 2016
	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial, and agricultural	$	26,064	$	26,328	$	—	$	24,297	$	267
Commercial real estate – construction	35		35		—		36		—
Commercial real estate – other	7,564		7,564		—		6,725		45
Residential – prime	1,181		1,201		—		1,273		10
Consumer – other	24		24		—		29		—
Subtotal:	34,868		35,152		—		32,360		322
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial, and agricultural	3,033		3,033		1,021		4,111		374
Commercial real estate – other	19,947		19,947		2,586		16,976		208
Residential – prime	1,049		1,049		267		794		7
Consumer – other	482		496		278		426		5
Subtotal:	24,511		24,525		4,152		22,307		594
Totals:
Commercial	56,643		56,907		3,607		52,145		894
Residential	2,230		2,250		267		2,067		17
Consumer	506		520		278		455		5
Grand total:	$	59,379	$	59,677	$	4,152	$	54,667	$	916

	December 31, 2015
	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial, and agricultural	$	22,529	$	22,793	$	—	$	11,484	$	745
Commercial real estate – construction	37		37		—		45		—
Commercial real estate – other	5,886		5,886		—		3,903		97
Residential – prime	1,365		1,385		—		954		17
Consumer – other	34		34		—		56		—
Subtotal:	29,851		30,135		—		16,442		859
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial, and agricultural	5,189		6,373		961		3,704		138
Commercial real estate – other	14,004		14,004		1,585		9,236		161
Residential – prime	538		538		160		533		7
Consumer – other	370		384		221		334		8
Subtotal:	20,101		21,299		2,927		13,807		314
Totals:
Commercial	47,645		49,093		2,546		28,372		1,141
Residential	1,903		1,923		160		1,487		24
Consumer	404		418		221		390		8
Grand total:	$	49,952	$	51,434	$	2,927	$	30,249	$	1,173

Credit Quality

The Company manages credit risk by observing written underwriting standards and lending policy established by the Board of Directors and management to govern all lending activities. The risk management program requires that each individual loan officer review his or her portfolio on a quarterly basis and assign recommended credit ratings on each loan. These efforts are supplemented by independent reviews performed by a loan review officer and other validations performed by the internal audit department. The results of the reviews are reported directly to the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.

Loans can be classified into the following three risk rating grades: pass, special mention, and substandard/doubtful. Factors considered in determining a risk rating grade include debt service capacity, capital structure/liquidity, management, collateral quality, industry risk, company trends/operating performance, repayment source, revenue diversification/customer concentration, quality of financial information, and financing alternatives. Pass grade signifies the highest quality of loans to loans with reasonable credit risk, which may include borrowers with marginally adequate financial performance, but have the ability to repay the debt. Special mention loans have potential weaknesses that warrant extra attention from the loan officer and other management personnel, but still have the ability to repay the debt. Substandard classification includes loans with well-defined weaknesses with risk of potential loss. Loans classified as doubtful are considered to have little recovery value and are charged off.

The following tables present the classes of loans by risk rating (in thousands):



			March 31, 2016
Commercial Credit Exposure
Credit Risk Profile by Creditworthiness Category
			Commercial, financial, and agricultural		Commercial real estate - construction		Commercial real estate - other		Total		% of Total
Pass			$	368,557	$	64,602	$	406,237	$	839,396	86.22	%
Special mention			24,933		99		24,759		49,791		5.11	%
Substandard			47,466		119		36,652		84,237		8.65	%
Doubtful			204		—		—		204		0.02	%
			$	441,160	$	64,820	$	467,648	$	973,628	100.00	%

Residential Credit Exposure
Credit Risk Profile by Creditworthiness Category
					Residential - construction		Residential - prime		Total		% of Total
Pass					$	19,970	$	145,302	$	165,272	97.26	%
Special mention					—		1,122		1,122		0.66	%
Substandard					—		3,537		3,537		2.08	%
					$	19,970	$	149,961	$	169,931	100.00	%

Consumer and Commercial Credit Exposure
Credit Risk Profile Based on Payment Activity
	Consumer - credit card		Consumer - other		Lease financing receivable		Other		Total		% of Total
Performing	$	5,702	$	96,919	$	1,590	$	1,719	$	105,930	99.47	%
Nonperforming	16		544		—		—		560		0.53	%
	$	5,718	$	97,463	$	1,590	$	1,719	$	106,490	100.00	%



	December 31, 2015
Commercial Credit Exposure
Credit Risk Profile by Creditworthiness Category
			Commercial, financial, and agricultural		Commercial real estate - construction		Commercial real estate - other		Total		% of Total
Pass			$	383,897	$	56,740	$	412,141	$	852,778	86.84	%
Special mention			32,506		34		28,217		60,757		6.18	%
Substandard			37,353		124		30,783		68,260		6.95	%
Doubtful			272		—		—		272		0.03	%
			$	454,028	$	56,898	$	471,141	$	982,067	100.00	%

Residential Credit Exposure
Credit Risk Profile by Creditworthiness Category
					Residential - construction		Residential - prime		Total		% of Total
Pass					$	18,054	$	144,704	$	162,758	97.39	%
Special mention					—		1,225		1,225		0.73	%
Substandard					—		3,135		3,135		1.88	%
					$	18,054	$	149,064	$	167,118	100.00	%

Consumer and Commercial Credit Exposure
Credit Risk Profile Based on Payment Activity
	Consumer - credit card		Consumer - other		Lease financing receivable		Other		Total		% of Total
Performing	$	6,033	$	104,503	$	1,968	$	1,483	$	113,987	99.59	%
Nonperforming	22		451		—		—		473		0.41	%
	$	6,055	$	104,954	$	1,968	$	1,483	$	114,460	100.00	%

Troubled Debt Restructurings

A troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) is a restructuring of a debt made by the Company to a debtor for economic or legal reasons related to the debtor’s financial difficulties that it would not otherwise consider. The Company grants the concession in an attempt to protect as much of its investment as possible.

Information about the Company’s TDRs is as follows (in thousands):



	March 31, 2016
	Current		Past Due Greater Than 30 Days		Nonaccrual TDRs		Total TDRs
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	16	$	3,943	$	20,708	$	24,667
Real estate - commercial	1,716		—		—		1,716
	$	1,732	$	3,943	$	20,708	$	26,383

	December 31, 2015
	Current		Past Due Greater Than 30 Days		Nonaccrual TDRs		Total TDRs
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	16	$	—	$	20,865	$	20,881
Real estate - commercial	—		148		—		148
	$	16	$	148	$	20,865	$	21,029

During the three months ended March 31, 2016, one loan relationship with a pre-modification balance of $5.5 million was identified as a TDR after conversion of the loans to interest only for a limited amount of time. Subsequent to its conversion to TDR status, this one relationship totaling $5.5 million defaulted on the modified terms during the three months ended March 31, 2016. During the three months ended March 31, 2015, there were no loans identified as a TDR, and there were no defaults on any loans that were modified as TDRs during the preceding twelve months. For purposes of the determination of an allowance for loan losses on these TDRs, as an identified TDR, the Company considers a loss probable on the loan and, as a result is reviewed for specific impairment in accordance with the Company’s allowance for loan loss methodology. If it is determined losses are probable on such TDRs, either because of delinquency or other credit quality indicator, the Company establishes specific reserves for these loans. As of March 31, 2016, there were no commitments to lend additional funds to debtors owing sums to the Company whose terms have been modified in TDRs.