Year Ended December 31,

2022

2021

2020

Investment income, net

Interest, dividend and accretion income

$

793

$

157

$

1,194

Net realized gain (loss) on the sale of investments

—

17

(48)

Unrealized loss on investments, net

(26)

(1,872)

(4,688)

Interest income from investments in SPEs

8,012

8,078

8,180

Interest earned on notes receivable and other interest

1,083

874

345

Total investment income, net

9,862

7,254

4,983

Interest expense

Interest expense and amortization of discount and issuance costs for Senior Notes issued by SPE

(8,841)

(8,827)

(8,813)

Other interest expense

(9,542)

(7,027)

(4,751)

Total interest expense

(18,383)

(15,854)

(13,564)

Gain on contributions to unconsolidated joint ventures

2,738

3,558

19,983

Equity in income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures

25,986

(865)

(666)

Other income (expense), net

Accretion income from retained interest investments

1,671

1,532

1,391

Gain on insurance recoveries

9,835

4,853

690

Loss from hurricane damage

(51)

(56)

(1,123)

Miscellaneous income, net

1,492

3,852

371

Other income, net

12,947

10,181

1,329

Total other income, net

$

33,150

$

4,274

$

12,065