Other Income (Expense)

Other income (expense) consists of the following:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2018			2017
Investment income, net
Interest and dividend income	$	2,880		$	4,548
Accretion income	221			922
Net realized (loss) gain on the sale of investments	(1,078		)	3,122
Other-than-temporary impairment loss	(63		)	(366		)
Unrealized loss on investments, net	(538		)	—
Interest income from investments in SPEs	2,050			2,051
Interest accrued on notes receivable and other interest	193			79
Total investment income, net	3,665			10,356
Interest expense
Interest expense and amortization of discount and issuance costs for Senior Notes issued by SPE	(2,196		)	(2,193		)
Other interest expense	(829		)	(850		)
Total interest expense	(3,025		)	(3,043		)
Other income, net
Accretion income from retained interest investments	290			263
Miscellaneous (expense) income, net	(13		)	3,473
Other income, net	277			3,736

Total other income, net	$	917		$	11,049

Investment Income, Net

Interest and dividend income includes interest income accrued or received on the Company’s corporate debt securities, commercial paper and money market funds, and dividend income received from the Company’s preferred stock and other investments. Accretion income includes the amortization of the premium or accretion of discount related to the Company’s available-for-sale securities, which is amortized based on an effective interest rate method over the term of the available-for-sale securities. Net realized (loss) gain on the sale of investments include the loss or gain recognized on the sale of an available-for-sale security prior to maturity. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company determined that a portion of its investments in corporate debt securities were other-than-temporary impaired and recorded a $0.1 million impairment related to credit-related loss in investment income, net on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of income. During the three months ended March 31, 2017, the Company determined that a portion of its investments in corporate debt securities and preferred stock were other-than-temporary impaired and recorded a $0.4 million impairment related to credit-related loss in investment income, net on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of income. See Note 4. Investments.

Unrealized loss on investments, net includes unrealized gain or loss on investments - equity securities due to the adoption of ASU 2016-01. Prior to 2018, unrealized gain or loss related to these investments were recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

Interest income from investments in SPEs primarily includes interest accrued or received on the investments held by Panama City Timber Finance Company, LLC, which is used to pay the interest expense for Senior Notes held by Northwest Florida Timber Finance, LLC.

Interest Expense

Interest expense includes interest expense related to the Company’s CDD debt, Refinanced Loan in the Pier Park North JV and Pier Park Outparcel Construction Loan. Borrowing costs, including the discount and issuance costs for the Senior Notes issued by Northwest Florida Timber Finance, LLC, are amortized based on the effective interest method at an effective rate of 4.9%.

Other Income, Net

Other income, net primarily includes income from the Company’s retained interest investments, insurance settlement proceeds and other income and expense items. During the three months ended March 31, 2017, the Company negotiated an insurance settlement that resulted in proceeds of $3.5 million, for reimbursement of certain attorney fees and related costs incurred by the Company in defending litigation. This amount was included in other income, net in the condensed consolidated statements of income.

The Company records the accretion of investment income from its retained interest investment over the life of the retained interest using the effective yield method with rates ranging from 3.7% to 12.1%.