Investments

Investments and restricted investments consist of available-for-sale securities and are recorded at fair value, which is based on quoted market prices and pricing data from external pricing services that use prices observed for recently executed market transactions. Unrealized gains and temporary losses on investments, net of tax, are recorded in other comprehensive income. Realized gains and losses are determined using the specific identification method. The amortized cost of debt securities are adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity computed under the effective interest method. Such amortization and accretion is included in investment income, net. In addition, at December 31, 2016, the Company had investments in short term commercial paper that are classified as cash equivalents, since they had maturity dates of ninety days or less from the date of purchase.

At December 31, 2016 investments and restricted investments classified as available-for-sale securities were as follows:



	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Investments:
Corporate debt securities	$	135,590	$	5,311	$	1,769	$	139,132
Preferred stock	36,048		656		111		36,593
	171,638		5,967		1,880		175,725
Restricted investments:
Short-term bond	4,232		—		6		4,226
Money market fund	1,410		—		—		1,410
	5,642		—		6		5,636
	$	177,280	$	5,967	$	1,886	$	181,361

At December 31, 2015 investments and restricted investments classified as available-for-sale securities were as follows:



	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Investments:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	184,819	$	—	$	79	$	184,740
Corporate debt securities	7,273		—		981		6,292
Preferred stock	265		—		57		208
	192,357		—		1,117		191,240
Restricted investments:
Guaranteed income fund	7,072		—		—		7,072
	$	199,429	$	—	$	1,117	$	198,312

Fairholme Trust Company, LLC, or one of its affiliates (“Fairholme”), has served as an investment advisor to the Company since April 2013. As of December 31, 2016, funds managed by Fairholme beneficially owned approximately 32.9% of the Company’s common stock. Mr. Bruce Berkowitz is the Chief Investment Officer of Fairholme Capital Management, L.L.C., a director of Fairholme Trust Company, LLC and the Chairman of our Board of Directors. Mr. Cesar Alvarez also serves as a director of Fairholme Trust Company, LLC and is a member of our Board of Directors. Fairholme does not receive any compensation for services as the Company’s investment advisor.

Pursuant to the terms of the Investment Management Agreement with Fairholme, as amended (the “Agreement”), Fairholme agreed to supervise and direct the investments of investment accounts established by the Company in accordance with the investment guidelines and restrictions approved by the Investment Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors. The investment guidelines are set forth in the Agreement and require that, as of the date of any investment: (i) no more than 15% of the investment account may be invested in securities of any one issuer (excluding the U.S. Government) and (ii) any investment in any one issuer (excluding the U.S. Government) that exceeds 10%, but not 15%, requires the consent of at least two members of the Investment Committee. Effective November 1, 2016, the Company and Fairholme entered into an Amendment (the “Amendment”) to the Agreement, pursuant to which the Company modified the investment guidelines and restrictions described in the Agreement to (i) decrease from at least 50% to 25% the amount of the investment account that must be held in cash and cash equivalents, (ii) permit the investment account to be invested in common equity securities; however, common stock investments shall be limited to exchange-traded common equities, shall not exceed 5% ownership of a single issuer and, cumulatively, the common stock held in the Company’s investment portfolio shall not exceed $100.0 million market value, and (iii) provide that the aggregate market value of investments in common stock, preferred stock or other equity investments cannot exceed 25% of the market value of the Company’s investment portfolio at the time of purchase. All other material investment guidelines remain the same.

As of December 31, 2016, the investment account included $139.1 million of corporate debt securities and $36.6 million of preferred stock investments. $9.4 million of the $139.1 million corporate debt securities and $0.2 million of the $36.6 million preferred stock are issued by Sears Holdings Corp or affiliates, of which Messrs. Berkowitz and Alvarez are on the board of directors and may be deemed an affiliate of Fairholme.

During 2016, realized gains from the sale of available-for-sale securities were $0.8 million and proceeds from the sale of available-for-sale securities were $197.5 million and proceeds from the maturity of available-for-sale securities were $185.0 million. During 2015, realized gains from the sale of available-for-sale securities were $5.3 million, proceeds from the sale of available-for-sale securities were $385.7 million and proceeds from the maturity of available-for-sale securities were $410.0 million.

The following table provides the debt securities, preferred stock and restricted investments unrealized loss position and related fair values:



	As of December 31, 2016								As of December 31, 2015
	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or Greater				Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or Greater
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
Investments:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	184,740	$	79	$	—	$	—
Corporate debt securities	64,516		1,410		6,971		359		6,292		981		—		—
Preferred stock	—		—		153		111		208		57		—		—
Restricted investments:
Short-term bond	4,226		6		—		—		—		—		—		—
	$	68,742	$	1,416	$	7,124	$	470	$	191,240	$	1,117	$	—	$	—

As of December 31, 2016, the Company had unrealized losses of $1.9 million related to corporate debt securities, preferred stock and restricted investments. The Company had unrealized losses of $1.1 million as of December 31, 2015 related to U. S. Treasury securities, corporate debt securities and preferred stock. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company did not intend to sell the investments with material unrealized losses and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell any of these securities prior to their anticipated recovery, which could be maturity; therefore, the Company does not believe that its investment in the corporate debt securities, preferred stock and restricted investments was other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2016 and 2015.

The net carrying value and estimated fair value of investments and restricted investments classified as available-for-sale at December 31, 2016, by contractual maturity are shown in the following table. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because certain borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations.



	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	3,910	$	3,719
Due after one year through five years	131,581		135,344
Due after ten through fifteen years	99		69
	135,590		139,132
Preferred stock	36,048		36,593
Restricted investments	5,642		5,636
	$	177,280	$	181,361