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SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES
9 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2014
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES
NOTE A — SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
General
 
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2014 and for the three and nine month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 are unaudited. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and are presented in accordance with the requirements of Rule S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and with the instructions to Form 10-Q. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements.
 
In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and nine month periods ended June 30, 2014 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2014. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended September 30, 2013 and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K and Form 10-K/A filed with the SEC.
 
The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2013 contained herein has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2013, but do not include all disclosures required by GAAP.
 
Business and Basis of Presentation
 
On September 16, 2002, Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada. Effective December 17, 2008, the Company reincorporated from the State of Nevada to the State of Delaware.  The Company is principally devoted to developing DNA embedded biotechnology security solutions in the United States and Europe.  To date, the Company has had a limited operating history, and as a result, its operations have produced limited recurring revenues from its services and products; it has incurred expenses and has sustained losses.  Consequently, its operations are subject to all the risks inherent in the establishment of a biotechnology company. For the period from inception through June 30, 2014, the Company has accumulated losses of $197,654,754.
 
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Applied DNA Operations Management, Inc., APDN (B.V.I.) Inc. and Applied DNA Sciences Europe Limited, which currently have no operations or activity.
 
Use of Estimates
 
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect certain reported amounts and disclosures.  Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources.  The most complex and subjective estimates include; recoverability of long-lived assets, including the value assigned to intangible assets and property and equipment, fair value calculations for warrants and stock based compensation, contingencies and allowance for doubtful accounts.  Management reviews its estimates on a regular basis and the effects of any material revisions are reflected in the condensed consolidated interim financial statements in the period they are deemed necessary. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates.
 
Revenue Recognition
 
The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 605, Revenue Recognition (“ASC 605”).  ASC 605 requires that four basic criteria must be met before revenue can be recognized: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred and/or service has been performed; (3) the selling price is fixed and determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured.  Determination of criteria (3) and (4) are based on management’s judgments regarding the fixed nature of the selling prices of the products delivered or services provided and the collectability of those amounts.  Provisions for allowances and other adjustments are provided for in the same period the related sales are recorded.  The Company defers any revenue for which the product has not been delivered, service has not been provided, or is subject to refund until such time that the Company and the customer jointly determine that the product has been delivered, the service has been provided, or no refund will be required.  At June 30, 2014 and September 30, 2013, the Company recorded deferred revenue of $348,624 and $148,503, respectively.
 
Revenue arrangements with multiple components are divided into separate units of accounting if certain criteria are met, including whether the delivered component has stand-alone value to the customer.  Consideration received is allocated among the separate units of accounting based on their respective selling prices.  The selling price for each unit is based on vendor-specific objective evidence, or VSOE, if available, third party evidence if VSOE is not available, or estimated selling price if neither VSOE nor third party is available.  The applicable revenue recognition criteria are then applied to each of the units.
 
Revenue for a government contract award, which supports the Company’s development efforts on specific projects, is recognized as milestones are achieved as per the contract.  The Company recognized revenue of approximately $0 and $50,000 from this contract award during the three and nine month periods ended June 30, 2014, respectively.
 
Income Taxes
 
In its interim financial statements the Company follows the guidance in ASC 270, “Interim Reporting” (“ASC 270”) and ASC 740, “Income Taxes (“ASC 740”) whereby the Company utilizes the expected annual effective tax rate in determining its income tax provisions for the interim period’s income or loss.  The rate differs from the U.S. statutory rate primarily as a result of certain net operating loss carryforwards and permanent differences between book and tax reporting.
 
The Company evaluates the recoverability of deferred tax assets and establishes a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized.  During the year ended September 30, 2013 and the three and nine month periods ended June 30, 2014, the Company incurred losses from operations. Based upon these results and the trends in the Company’s performance projected for the remainder of fiscal year 2014, it is more likely than not that the Company will not realize any benefit from the deferred tax assets recorded by the Company in previous periods.  Management makes judgments as to the interpretation of tax laws that might be challenged upon an audit and cause changes to previous estimates of tax liability.  In management’s opinion, adequate provisions for income taxes have been made for all years.  If actual taxable income by tax jurisdiction varies from estimates, additional allowances or reversals of reserves may be necessary.  The Company has identified its federal tax return and its state tax return in New York as “major” tax jurisdictions.  Based on the Company’s evaluation, it has been concluded that there are no significant uncertain tax positions requiring recognition in the Company condensed consolidated financial statements.
 
The Company’s evaluation was performed for tax years 2010 through 2012.  The Company believes that its income tax positions and deductions will be sustained on audit and does not anticipate any adjustments that will result in a material change to its financial position.  It is the Company’s policy to accrue interest and penalties on unrecognized tax benefits as components of income tax provision.  The Company did not have any accrued interest or penalties as of June 30, 2014 and September 30, 2013.
 
Property Plant and Equipment
 
Property plant and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated using the straight line method over their estimated useful lives.  The estimated useful lives for computer equipment, lab equipment and furniture is 3 to 5 years and leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of their useful life or the lease term. Property plant and equipment consist of:
                 
   
June 30,
2014
(unaudited)
   
September 30,
2013
 
Computer equipment
 
$
69,182
   
$
43,555
 
Lab equipment
   
832,036
     
657,735
 
Furniture
   
164,997
     
164,997
 
Leasehold improvements
   
248,931
     
239,337
 
Total
   
1,315,146
     
1,105,624
 
Accumulated depreciation
   
665,729
     
409,629
 
Property plant and equipment, net
 
$
649,417
   
$
695,995
 
 
Depreciation expense for the three and nine month periods ended June 30, 2014 was $90,223 and $256,100, respectively.  Depreciation expense for the three and nine month periods ended June 30, 2013 was $42,810 and $85,636, respectively.
 
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
 
The Company evaluates its long lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable.  Events relating to recoverability may include significant unfavorable changes in business conditions, recurring losses, or a forecasted inability to achieve break-even operating results over an extended period.  The Company evaluates the recoverability of long-lived assets based upon forecasted undiscounted cash flows.  Should impairment in value be indicated, the carrying value of long-lived assets will be adjusted, based on estimates of future discounted cash flows resulting from the use and ultimate disposition of the asset.  As of June 30, 2014, the Company concluded that its long-lived assets were not required to be tested for recoverability.
  
Net Loss Per Share
 
The Company presents loss per share utilizing a dual presentation of basic and diluted loss per share.  Basic loss per share includes no dilution and has been calculated based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period.  Dilutive common stock equivalents consist of shares issuable upon the exercise of the Company’s stock options and warrants. 
 
For the three and nine month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, common stock equivalent shares are excluded from the computation of the diluted loss per share as their effect would be anti-dilutive.
 
 Net Loss Per Share, continued
 
A summary of potential stock issuances under various options, and warrants that could have a dilutive effect on the shares outstanding for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:
 
 
2014
   
2013
 
Warrants
14,426,354
   
17,526,354
 
Employee options
124,382,605
   
96,892,325
 
 
138,808,959
   
114,418,679
 
 
Stock Based Compensation
 
The Company accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation (“ASC 718”).  ASC 718 requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the statement of operations based on their fair values.  Under the provisions of ASC 718, stock-based compensation costs is measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized as expense over the employee’s requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the equity grant).  The fair value of the Company’s common stock options are estimated using the Black Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions:  expected volatility, dividend rate, risk free interest rate and the expected life.  The Company expenses stock-based compensation by using the straight-line method. In accordance with ASC 718, excess tax benefits realized from the exercise of stock-based awards are classified in cash flows from financing activities. The future realization of the reserved deferred tax assets related to these tax benefits associated with the exercise of stock options will result in a credit to additional paid in capital if the related tax deduction reduces taxes payable. The Company has elected the “with and without approach” regarding ordering of windfall tax benefits to determine whether the windfall tax benefit did reduce taxes payable in the current year. Under this approach, the windfall tax benefit would be recognized in additional paid-in-capital only if an incremental tax benefit is realized after considering all other benefits presently available.  
 
Concentrations
 
Financial instruments and related items, which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk, consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents and trade receivables.  The Company places its cash and temporary cash investments with high credit quality institutions.  At times, such investments may be in excess of the FDIC insurance limit.
 
The Company’s revenues earned from sale of products and services for the three month period ended June 30, 2014 included an aggregate of 10% from one customer of the Company’s total revenues. This customer accounted for approximately 10% of the Company’s total accounts receivable at June 30, 2014.  During the nine month period ended June 30, 2014 no customers represented 10% or greater of the Company’s total revenues.
 
The Company’s revenues earned from the sale of products and services for the nine month period ended June 30, 2013 included an aggregate of 14% from one customer of the Company’s total revenues.  This customer did not account for any of the Company’s total accounts receivable at June 30, 2013.  No customers represented greater than 10% of the Company’s total revenues for the three month period ended June 30, 2013.
 
Advertising
 
The Company follows the policy of charging the costs of advertising to expense as incurred.  The Company charged to operations $10,115 and $21,825 as advertising costs for the three month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and $85,033 and $158,636 for the nine month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
 
Intangible Assets
 
The Company amortizes its intangible assets using the straight-line method over their estimated period of benefit.  The estimated useful life for patents is five years while other intellectual property uses a seven year useful life. All of the Company’s intangible assets are subject to amortization.  
 
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
 
The valuation techniques utilized are based upon observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect internal market assumptions. These two types of inputs create the following fair value hierarchy:
 
Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
 
Level 2 – Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the related asset or liabilities.
 
Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of assets or liabilities.
 
The Company utilizes observable market inputs (quoted market prices) when measuring fair value whenever possible.
 
For fair value measurements categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, the Company’s accounting and finance department, who report to the Chief Financial Officer, determine its valuation policies and procedures. The development and determination of the unobservable inputs for Level 3 fair value measurements and fair value calculations are the responsibility of the Company’s accounting and finance department and are approved by the Chief Financial Officer.
 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
 
There were various updates recently issued, most of which represented technical corrections to the accounting literature or application to specific industries and are not expected to a have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
 
Subsequent Events
 
The Company has evaluated events that occurred subsequent to the balance sheet date and through the date the financial statements are issued.  Other than those events disclosed in the notes to these condensed consolidated financial statements, management concluded that no additional subsequent events required disclosure in these condensed consolidated financial statements.