10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended December 31, 2018

OR

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from          to

Commission File Number: 001-36745

Applied DNA Sciences, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	59-2262718
(State or other jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)	Identification No.)
50 Health Sciences Drive
Stony Brook, New York	11790
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

631-240-8800

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

x   Yes    ¨    No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

x   Yes    ¨    No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): 

Large accelerated filer ¨	Accelerated filer ¨
Non-accelerated filer x	Smaller reporting company x
	Emerging Growth Company ¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

¨   Yes    x    No

On February 1, 2019, the registrant had 36,362,057 shares of common stock outstanding.

Applied DNA Sciences, Inc.

Form 10-Q for the Quarter Ended December 31, 2018

Table of Contents

	Page
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1 - Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	1
Item 2 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	18
Item 3 - Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	26
Item 4 - Controls and Procedures	27
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1 – Legal Proceedings	28
Item 1A – Risk Factors	28
Item 2 – Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	28
Item 3 – Defaults Upon Senior Securities	28
Item 4 – Mine Safety Disclosures	28
Item 5 – Other Information	28
Item 6 – Exhibits	29

Part I - Financial Information

Item 1 - Financial Statements.

APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

	December 31, 2018			September 30, 2018
	(unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	3,137,844		$	1,659,564
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $4,500 and $13,133 at December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018, respectively		614,764			1,485,938
Inventories		225,289			221,369
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		622,157			635,174
Total current assets		4,600,054			4,002,045
Property and equipment, net		369,130			419,774
Other assets:
Deposits		62,362			62,325
Goodwill		285,386			285,386
Intangible assets, net		831,845			864,203
Total Assets	$	6,148,777		$	5,633,733
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (including related party interest of $20,244 and $5,844 at December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018, respectively)	$	1,357,712		$	965,167
Deferred revenue		1,375,496			1,856,693
Total current liabilities		2,733,208			2,821,860
Long term accrued liabilities		508,426			470,739
Secured convertible notes payable, net of debt issuance costs (including related party interest of $1,142,716 and $1,139,490 at December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018, respectively)		2,141,122			1,586,631
Total liabilities		5,382,756			4,879,230
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders’ Equity
Preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share; 10,000,000 shares authorized; -0- shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018		—			—
Series A Preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share, 10,000,000 shares authorized; -0- issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018		—			—
Series B Preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share, 10,000,000 shares authorized; -0- issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018		—			—
Common stock, par value $0.001 per share; 500,000,000 shares authorized; 35,612,057 and 30,112,057 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018, respectively		35,612			30,112
Additional paid in capital		251,837,589			249,090,474
Accumulated deficit		(251,107,180	)		(248,366,083	)
Total stockholders’ equity		766,021			754,503
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity	$	6,148,777		$	5,633,733

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

1

APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended December 31,
	2018			2017
Revenues:
Product revenues	$	321,875		$	350,133
Service revenues		562,447			297,544
Total revenues		884,322			647,677
Cost of revenues		153,485			331,440
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative		3,082,380			2,593,154
Research and development		709,564			740,067
Depreciation and amortization		135,052			157,648
Total operating expenses		3,926,996			3,490,869
LOSS FROM OPERATIONS		(3,196,159	)		(3,174,632	)
Other income (expense):
Interest (expense) income, net (including related party interest of $23,470 for the three month period ended December 31, 2018)		(31,611	)		-
Other (expense) income, net		(6,550	)		(9,080	)
Loss before provision for income taxes		(3,234,320	)		(3,183,712	)
Provision for income taxes		—			—
NET LOSS	$	(3,234,320	)	$	(3,183,712	)
Net loss per share-basic and diluted	$	(0.11	)	$	(0.12	)
Weighted average shares outstanding - Basic and diluted		30,470,753			27,674,340

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

2

APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited)

	Common Shares		Common Stock Amount		Additional Paid in Capital		Accumulated Deficit			Total
Balance, October 1, 2018		30,112,057	$	30,112	$	249,090,474	$	(248,366,083	)	$	754,503
Common stock issued in public offering, net of offering costs		5,500,000		5,500		2,256,871		-			2,262,371
Impact of adoption of new accounting pronouncements included in accumulated deficit		-		-		-		493,223			493,223
Stock based compensation expense		-		-		490,244		-			490,244
Net loss		-		-		-		(3,234,320	)		(3,234,320	)
Balance, December 31, 2018		35,612,057		35,612	$	251,837,589	$	(251,107,180	)	$	766,021

3

APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended December 31,
	2018			2017
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(3,234,320	)	$	(3,183,712	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		135,052			157,648
Stock-based compensation expense		490,244			231,113
Amortization of debt issuance costs		4,492
Provision for bad debts		(8,633	)		—
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		879,807			432,232
Inventories		(3,920	)		12,380
Prepaid expenses and other current assets and deposits		6,314			(173,921	)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		198,713			(39,737	)
Deferred revenue		18,583			(8,775	)
Net cash used in operating activities		(1,513,668	)		(2,572,772	)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment		(52,051	)		(48,349	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(52,051	)		(48,349	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net proceeds from secured convertible promissory notes, related parties		550,000			—
Net proceeds from sale of common stock and warrants		2,493,999			4,425,893
Net cash provided by financing activities		3,043,999			4,425,893
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		1,478,280			1,804,772
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		1,659,564			2,959,781
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	3,137,844		$	4,764,553
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information:
Cash paid during period for interest	$	—		$	—
Cash paid during period for income taxes	$	—		$	—
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Property and equipment acquired, and included in accounts payable	$	—		$	30,247
Impact of adoption of new accounting pronouncements included in accumulated deficit	$	493,223		$	--
Offering costs incurred, and included in accounts payable	$	231,520		$	192,893

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

4

APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

December 31, 2018

(unaudited)

NOTE A — SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES

General

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2018 and for the three month periods ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 are unaudited. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and are presented in accordance with the requirements of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and with the instructions to Form 10-Q. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements.

In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three-month period ended December 31, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2019. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018 and footnotes thereto included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. (the “Company”) filed with the SEC on December 18, 2018.

The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2018 contained herein has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2018, but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP.

Business and Basis of Presentation

The Company is principally devoted to developing and marketing DNA technology solutions in the United States, Europe and Asia. These solutions are used in, among other things, supply chain security, brand protection and drug and biologic applications. To date, the Company has produced limited recurring revenues from its products and services and has incurred expenses and has sustained losses. Consequently, its operations are subject to all the risks inherent in the establishment and development of a biotechnology company.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, APDN (B.V.I.) Inc., Applied DNA Sciences Europe Limited, Applied DNA Sciences India Private Limited, and LineaRx, Inc. (“LRx”). Significant inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. 

Inventories

Inventories, which consist primarily of raw materials, and finished goods, are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined by using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method.

Revenue Recognition

In May 2014, the FASB issued accounting standard updates which clarified principles for recognizing revenue arising from contracts with customers (ASC 606) and superseded most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The core principle of the revenue standard is that an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to clients in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The new guidance applies a five-step model for revenue measurement and recognition and also requires increased disclosures including the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows related to contracts with clients.

The Company adopted the new revenue recognition standard at the beginning of the first quarter of fiscal 2019, using the modified retrospective method of adoption and applied the guidance to those contracts that were not completed as of September 30, 2018. Comparative financial information for reporting periods beginning prior to October 1, 2018, has not been restated and continues to be reported under the previous reporting guidance. Under the modified retrospective method of adoption, the cumulative effect of applying the new standard is recorded at the date of initial application, with no restatement of the comparative prior periods presented. Based on the evaluation, the Company has identified certain customer contracts, which will require different recognition under the new guidance. The Company has determined that the revenue under certain of its research and development contracts should be recognized on an overtime cost-to-cost basis as compared to straightline over the contract term. Also, the shipment to the Company’s cotton customer during fiscal 2018 that included extended payment terms and was included in deferred revenue as of September 30, 2018, would have met the criteria under the new guidance to be recognized as revenue upon shipment. The Company has determined that the cumulative effect adjustment to opening retained earnings in fiscal 2019 was approximately $494,000.

5

APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

December 31, 2018

(unaudited)

NOTE A — SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

Revenue Recognition, continued

The Company measures revenue at the amounts that reflect the consideration to which it is expected to be entitled in exchange for transferring control of goods and services to customers. The Company recognizes revenue either at the point in time or over the period of time that performance obligations to customers are satisfied. The Company’s contracts with customers may include multiple performance obligations (e.g. taggants, maintenance, authentication services, research and development services, etc.). For such arrangements, the Company allocates revenues to each performance obligation based on their relative standalone selling price.

Under the new accounting guidance, the Company recognizes revenue upon transfer of control of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive for those goods or services, including any variable consideration.

Due to the short-term nature of the Company’s contracts with customers, it has elected to apply the practical expedients under Topic 606 to: (1) expense as incurred, incremental costs of obtaining a contract and (2) not adjust the consideration for the effects of a significant financing component for contracts with an original expected duration of one year or less.   

Impact of Adoption

A summary and discussion of such cumulative effect adjustment and the impact on current period financial statements of adopting Topic 606 is as follows: 

	Three months ended December 31, 2018 (unaudited)
	prior U.S. GAAP			Topic 606 impact			as reported
Statement of Operations
Revenues
Product	$	704,972		$	(383,097	)	$	321,875
Service	$	570,075			(7,628	)		562,447
Total revenues		1,275,047			(390,725	)		884,322
Cost of revenues		156,818			(3,333	)		153,485
Loss from operations		(2,808,768	)		(387,391	)		(3,196,159	)
Assets
Prepaids and other current assets	$	625,490		$	(3,333	)	$	622,157
Liabilities and stockholder's equity
Deferred Revenue	$	1,484,963		$	(109,467	)	$	1,375,496
Accumulated Deficit		(251,001,046	)		(106,134	)		(251,107,180	)

Product Revenues and Authentication Services

The Company’s PCR-produced linear DNA products, including molecular taggants are manufactured in accordance with contracts with customers. The Company recognizes revenue upon satisfying its promises to transfer goods or services to customers under the terms of its contracts. These performance obligations are satisfied at the point in time the Company transfers control of the goods to the customer, which in nearly all cases is when title to and risk of loss of the goods transfer to the customer. The timing of transfer of title and risk of loss is dictated by customary or explicitly stated contract terms. The Company does not consider payment terms a performance obligation for customers with contractual terms that are one year or less and has elected the practical expedient. Nearly all of the Company’s sales contracts reflect market pricing at the time the contract is executed, are one year or less, and generally provide for shipment within 30 to 60 days after the price has been agreed upon with the customer. We invoice customers upon shipment, and our collection terms range, on average from 30 to 60 days.

The cotton ginning season in the United States takes place between September and March each year; therefore, revenues from these customer contracts may be seasonal and recognized primarily during the first and fourth quarters of the Company’s fiscal year.

Authentication Services

The Company recognizes revenue for authentication services upon satisfying its promises to services to customers under the terms of its contracts. These performance obligations are satisfied at the point in time the Company services are complete, which in nearly all cases is when the authentication report is released to the customer.

6

APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

December 31, 2018

(unaudited)

NOTE A — SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

Revenue Recognition, continued

Research and Development Services

The Company records revenue for its research and development contracts using the over-time revenue recognition model as a customer is invoiced or performance is satisfied. Revenue is primarily measured using the cost-to-cost method, which the Company believes best depicts the transfer of control to the customer.  Under the cost-to-cost method, the extent of progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of actual costs incurred to the total estimated costs expected upon satisfying the identified performance obligation. Revenues are recorded proportionally as costs are incurred. For contracts where the total costs cannot be estimated, revenues are recognized for the actual costs incurred during a period until the remaining costs to complete a contract can be estimated. The Company has elected to not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an original expected duration of one year or less.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table presents revenues disaggregated by our business operations and timing of revenue recognition:

	Three Month Period Ended:
	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Research and development services (over-time)	$	473,178	$	221,863
Product and authentication services (point-in-time):
Supply chain		250,098		69,852
Asset marking		161,046		248,024
Large scale DNA production		-		107,938
Total	$	884,322	$	647,677

Contract balances

As of December 31, 2018, the Company has entered into contracts with customers for which revenue has not yet been recognized. Consideration received from a customer prior to revenue recognition is recorded to a contract liability and is recognized as revenue when the Company satisfies the related performance obligations under the terms of the contract. The Company’s contract liabilities, which are reported as deferred revenue on the condensed consolidated balance sheet, consist almost entirely of research and development contracts where consideration has been received and the development services have not yet been fully performed.

The opening and closing balances of the Company’s contract balances are as follows:

	Balance sheet classification	October 1, 2018		December 31, 2018		$ change
Contract liabilities	Deferred revenue	$	1,356,502	$	1,375,496	$	18,994

For the three months ended December 31, 2018, the Company recognized $329,535 of revenue that was included in Contract liabilities as of October 1, 2018.

7

APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

December 31, 2018

(unaudited)

NOTE A — SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect certain reported amounts and disclosures. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The most complex and subjective estimates include revenue recognition, recoverability of long-lived assets, including the values assigned to goodwill, intangible assets and property and equipment, fair value calculations for stock based compensation, allowance for doubtful accounts and management’s anticipated liquidity. Management reviews its estimates on a regular basis and the effects of any material revisions are reflected in the condensed consolidated financial statements in the period they are deemed necessary. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates. 

Income Taxes

The Company recognizes deferred tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The Company estimates the degree to which tax assets and credit carry forwards will result in a benefit based on expected profitability by tax jurisdiction.

In its interim financial statements, the Company follows the guidance in ASC 270, “Interim Reporting” and ASC 740 “Income Taxes”, whereby the Company utilizes the expected annual effective tax rate in determining its income tax provisions for the interim periods. That rate differs from U.S. statutory rates primarily as a result of valuation allowance related to the Company’s net operating loss carryforward as a result of the historical losses of the Company.

8

APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

December 31, 2018

(unaudited)

NOTE A — SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

Net Loss Per Share

The Company presents loss per share utilizing a dual presentation of basic and diluted loss per share. Basic loss per share includes no dilution and has been calculated based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive common stock equivalents consist of shares issuable upon the exercise of the Company’s stock options and warrants.

For the three month periods ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, common stock equivalent shares are excluded from the computation of the diluted loss per share as their effect would be anti-dilutive.

Securities that could potentially dilute basic net income per share in the future were not included in the computation of diluted net loss per share because to do so would have been anti-dilutive for the three month periods ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows: 

	2018		2017
Warrants		18,508,527		12,275,455
Stock options		6,177,214		5,304,411
		24,685,741		17,579,866

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation for employees and directors in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation (“ASC 718”). ASC 718 requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the statement of operations based on their fair values. Under the provisions of ASC 718, stock-based compensation costs are measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and are recognized as expense over the employee’s requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the equity grant). The fair value of the Company’s common stock options are estimated using the Black Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: expected volatility, dividend rate, risk free interest rate and the expected life. The Company expenses stock-based compensation by using the straight-line method. In accordance with ASC 718 and, excess tax benefits realized from the exercise of stock-based awards are classified as cash flows from operating activities. All excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies (including tax benefits of dividends on share-based payment awards) are recognized as income tax expense or benefit in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation awards issued to non-employees for services, as prescribed by ASC 718-10, at either the fair value of the services rendered or the instruments issued in exchange for such services, whichever is more readily determinable, using the measurement date guidelines enumerated in ASU 2018-07.

Concentrations

Financial instruments and related items, which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk, consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents and trade receivables. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents with high credit quality institutions. At times, such investments may be in excess of the FDIC insurance limit.

9

APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

December 31, 2018

(unaudited)

NOTE A — SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

The Company’s revenues earned from sale of products and services for the three month period ended December 31, 2018 included an aggregate of 27%, 23%, 14% and 12% from four customers. These customers accounted for approximately 76% of the Company’s total accounts receivable at December 31, 2018. At December 31, 2018, one customer accounted for an aggregate of 67% of the Company’s total accounts receivable.

The Company’s revenues earned from sale of products and services for the three month period ended December 31, 2017 included an aggregate of 37%, 22% and 17% from three customers. One customer accounted for 88% of the Company’s total accounts receivable at December 31, 2017.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2018-18, “Collaborative Arrangements (Topic 808): Clarifying the Interaction between Topic 808 and Topic 606” (“ASU 2018-18”). The amendments in this update clarify that certain transactions between collaborative arrangement participants should be accounted for as revenue under Topic 606. ASU 2018-18 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact of ASU 2018-18 on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation – “Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-based Payment Accounting”, which addresses aspects of the accounting for nonemployee share-based payment transactions. This pronouncement is effective for annual reporting periods and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company early adopted ASU 2018-07 on October 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective transition approach. The cumulative effect adjustment to opening retained earnings was not material.

In July 2017, the FASB issued a two-part ASU No. 2017-11, I. Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments With Down Round Features and II. Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests With a Scope Exception (“ASU 2017-11”). ASU 2017-11 amends guidance in FASB ASC 260, Earnings Per Share, FASB ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, and FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The amendments in Part I of ASU 2017-11 change the classification analysis of certain equity-linked financial instruments (or embedded features) with down round features. The amendments in Part II of ASU 2017-11 re-characterize the indefinite deferral of certain provisions of Topic 480 that now are presented as pending content in the Codification, to a scope exception. Those amendments do not have an accounting effect. ASU 2017-11 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance.

In May 2017, FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation – “Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting”, which provides guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting in Topic 718. This pronouncement is effective for annual reporting periods and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2017-09 during the three months ended December 31, 2018 and it did not have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

10

APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

December 31, 2018

(unaudited)

NOTE A — SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

Recent Accounting Pronouncements, continued

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment” (“ASU 2017-04”). The purpose of the amendment is to simplify how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. For public entities, the amendments in ASU 2017-04 are effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently assessing the impact of ASU 2017-04 on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842).” The objective of this update is to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those annual periods and is to be applied utilizing a modified retrospective approach. The Company is currently evaluating the new guidance to determine the impact it may have on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

NOTE B — GOING CONCERN AND MANAGEMENT’S PLAN

The Company has recurring net losses, which have resulted in an accumulated deficit of $251,107,180 as of December 31, 2018. The Company incurred a net loss of $3,234,320 and generated negative operating cash flow of $1,513,668 for the three-month period ended December 31, 2018. The Company also had working capital of $1,866,846 and cash and cash equivalents of $3,137,844 as of December 31, 2018. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for one year from the issuance of the financial statements. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent on the Company’s ability to further implement its business plan, raise capital, and generate revenues. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.

The Company’s current capital resources include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and inventories. Historically, the Company has financed its operations principally from the sale of equity and equity-linked securities. 

11

APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

December 31, 2018

(unaudited)

NOTE B — GOING CONCERN AND MANAGEMENT’S PLAN (continued)

On January 29th and 30th, 2019, the Company received written notices from the Listing Qualifications Department of The NASDAQ Stock Market notifying it that the Company was not in compliance with the minimum bid price requirements as well as the market value of listed securities requirements, or the alternative standards of the Nasdaq listing rule which requires the Company to have minimum stockholders equity of $2.5 million, or for it to have had net income from continuing operations of at least $500 thousand in the latest fiscal year or in two of the three last fiscal years. These notices do not impact the Company’s listing on the Nasdaq Capital market at this time. Both notification letters state that the Company has 180 calendar days, or until July 29, 2019 to regain compliance. There is the possibility for an additional 180-day compliance period for the bid price compliance violation. However, no additional compliance period is applicable to the market value noncompliance.

The Company intends to monitor the closing bid price of its common stock and may, if appropriate, consider implementing available options, including, but not limited to, implementing a reverse stock split of its outstanding securities, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement under the Nasdaq Listing Rules. The Company will also consider available options to resolve the other listing deficiencies and regain compliance with all applicable Nasdaq rules.

NOTE C — INVENTORIES

Inventories consist of the following:

	December 31, 2018		September 30, 2018
	(unaudited)
Raw materials	$	172,768	$	147,984
Finished goods		52,521		73,385
Total	$	225,289	$	221,369

12

APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

December 31, 2018

(unaudited)

NOTE D — ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED LIABILITIES

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities are as follows:

	December 31, 2018		September 30, 2018
	(unaudited)
Accounts payable	$	944,096	$	500,849
Accrued salaries payable		266,494		401,130
Other accrued expenses		147,122		63,188
Total	$	1,357,712	$	965,167

NOTE E — SECURED CONVERTIBLE NOTES PAYABLE

On August 31, 2018, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with accredited investors and certain members of its management team and Board of Directors (the “Purchasers”), pursuant to which the Company issued and sold an aggregate of $1,650,000 in principal amount of secured convertible notes (the “August 31^st Notes”) bearing interest at a rate of 6% per annum. As part of the August 31^st Notes, the Company’s management and Board of Directors purchased August 31^st Notes with a principal amount of $1,185,000.  

The August 31^st Notes are convertible, in whole or in part, at any time, at the option of the Purchasers, into shares of the Company’s common stock, in an amount determined by dividing the principal amount of each August 31^st Note, together with any and all accrued and unpaid interest, by the conversion price of $2.50. The Company has the right to require the Purchasers to convert all or any part of their August 31^st Notes into shares of its Common Stock at a conversion price of $2.50 if the price of the Common Stock remains at a closing price of $3.50 or more for a period of twenty consecutive trading days.

Upon any Change in Control (as defined in the August 31^st Notes), the Purchasers have the right to require the Company to redeem the August 31^st Notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to such August 31^st Notes’ outstanding principal balance plus accrued interest.

The August 31^st Notes contain certain events of default that are customarily included in financing of this nature. If an event of default occurs, the Purchasers may require the Company to redeem the August 31^st Notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to such notes’ outstanding principal balance plus accrued interest.

The August 31^st Notes bear interest at the rate of 6% per annum, payable semi-annually in cash or in kind, at the Company’s option, and are due and payable in full on August 30, 2021. Until the principal and accrued but unpaid interest under the August 31^st Notes is paid in full, or converted into shares of common stock pursuant to their terms, the Company’s obligations under the August 31^st Notes will be secured by a lien on substantially all assets of the Company (excluding certain cash accounts) and the assets of APDN (B.V.I.) Inc.

The Company has also entered into a registration rights agreement, dated as of the date of the Purchase Agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), with the Purchasers, pursuant to which it has agreed to prepare and file a registration statement with the SEC to register under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) resales from time to time of the common stock issued or issuable upon conversion or redemption of the August 31^st Notes. The Company is required to file a registration statement within 60 days of receiving a demand registration request from holders of a majority of the outstanding principal balance of the August 31^st Notes, and to cause the registration statement to be declared effective within 45 days (or 90 days if the registration statement is reviewed by the SEC).

On November 29, 2018, the Company closed a securities purchase agreement with its chairman, president and chief executive officer and one member of the management team, pursuant to which the Company issued and sold an aggregate of $550,000 in principal amount of secured convertible notes bearing interest at a rate of 6% per annum (the “November 29^th Notes”). The November 29^th Notes are substantially similar to the Company’s August 31^st Notes except with respect to maturity date, which is November 28, 2021 The November 29^th Notes are secured on a pari passu basis with the same Company assets as the August 31^st Notes.

13

APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

December 31, 2018

(unaudited)

NOTE E — SECURED CONVERTIBLE NOTES PAYABLE, continued

The Company recorded $64,848 to debt issuance costs based on the cost incurred to complete the financing. During the three month period ended December 31, 2018, the Company amortized $4,492 of debt issuance costs resulting in unamortized debt issuance costs of $58,876 and the secured notes payable of $2,141,122 at December 31, 2018. The debt issuance cost will be amortized over the life of the Notes. During the three month period ended December 31, 2018, the Company incurred approximately $27,120 of interest expense. The effective interest for the three month period ended December 31, 2018 was 7.0%.

NOTE F — CAPITAL STOCK

On December 21, 2018, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement (the “Agreement”) with Maxim Group LLC (“Maxim”), as the sole underwriter and book running manager, with respect to the issuance and sale of an aggregate of 5,500,000 shares (the “Shares”) of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, together with warrants to purchase an aggregate of 5,500,000 shares of common stock (the “Warrants”) at an exercise price equal to $0.50 per share of common stock (the “Exercise Price”) in an underwritten public offering. The public offering price for each Share together with the accompanying Warrant was $0.50. Pursuant to the Agreement, the Company also granted Maxim a 45-day option to purchase an additional 825,000 Shares and/or additional Warrants to purchase 825,000 Shares to cover any over-allotments made by the underwriters in the sale and distribution of the Shares and Warrants. The gross proceeds of the offering, before deducting underwriter discounts and commissions and other offering expenses, are $2.75 million, or approximately $3.16 million if the underwriters exercise in full their overallotment option. On December 26, 2018, Maxim partially exercised its overallotment option and purchased an additional 800,000 Warrants at a price of $0.0000001 per Warrant.

After deducting underwriting fees and other expenses related to the offering, the aggregate net proceeds were approximately $2,262,000.

The Warrants are immediately exercisable beginning on the date of issuance (the “Initial Exercise Date”). The Warrants will be exercisable for five years from the Initial Exercise Date, but not thereafter.

The Warrants include an adjustment provision that, subject to certain exceptions, reduces their exercise price if the Company issues common stock or common stock equivalents at a price lower than the then-current exercise price of the Warrants, subject to a minimum exercise price of $0.14 per share. The exercise price and number of the shares of the Company’s common stock issuable upon the exercise of the Warrants will be subject to adjustment in the event of any stock dividends and splits, reverse stock split, recapitalization, reorganization or similar transaction, as described therein. In addition, on or after any trading day 75 days after the closing date of the offering, if the daily volume weighted average price of the Company’s common stock fails to exceed the Exercise Price, the aggregate number of warrant shares issuable in a cashless exercise shall equal the product of (i) the aggregate number of warrant shares that would be issuable upon exercise of the Warrants if such exercise were by means of a cash exercise and (ii) 0.70.

The offering closed on December 26, 2018.

As a result of this financing, the exercise price of the 2,735,000 warrants issued during December 2017 was reduced to an exercise price of $0.44 per share in accordance with the adjustment provision contained in the warrant agreement. The incremental change in fair value of these warrants as a result of the triggering event was insignificant.

On January 25, 2019, the Company closed on the underwriters’ partial exercise of its over-allotment option for 500,000 shares of common stock for gross proceeds of $250,000.

The total number of common stock and warrants issued under this offering, including the exercise of the over-allotment option was 6,000,000 and 6,300,000, respectively. The gross proceeds to us were $3.0 million and net proceeds after deducting underwriting expenses and other estimated offering expenses was approximately $2.5 million.

14

APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

December 31, 2018

(unaudited)

NOTE G — STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS

Warrants

The following table summarizes the changes in warrants outstanding. These warrants were granted in lieu of cash compensation for services performed or financing expenses in connection with the sales of the Company’s common stock.

Transactions involving warrants (see Note F) are summarized as follows:

	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share
Balance at October 1, 2018		12,208,527		$	3.24
Granted		9,035,000			0.48
Exercised		-			-
Cancelled or expired		(2,735,000	)		2.00
Balance at December 31, 2018		18,508,527		$	2.08

Stock Options

In 2005, the Board of Directors and the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of common stock approved the 2005 Incentive Stock Plan (the “Incentive Plan”). The number of shares of common stock that can be issued as stock awards and stock options thereunder is an aggregate of 8,333,333 shares and the number of shares of common stock that can be covered by awards made to any participant in any calendar year is 833,334 shares. The Incentive Plan’s expiration date is January 25, 2025.

The Incentive Plan is designed to retain directors, executives, and selected employees and consultants by rewarding them for making contributions to the Company's success with an award of options to purchase shares of common stock. As of December 31, 2018, a total of 275,752 shares have been issued and options to purchase 6,698,115 shares have been granted under the Incentive Plan.

Transactions involving stock options issued to employees and consultants are summarized as follows:

	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share			Aggregate Intrinsic Value		Weighted Average Contractual Life (Years)
Outstanding at October 1, 2018		6,183,214		$	3.13
Granted		1,246,673			5.53
Exercised		-			-
Cancelled or expired		(1,252,673	)		(5.54	)
Outstanding at December 31, 2018		6,177,214		$	3.13					6.15
Vested at December 31, 2018		5,511,025		$	3.29		$	-		7.05
Non-vested at December 31, 2018		666,189		$	1.76		$	-

15

APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

December 31, 2018

(unaudited)

NOTE G — STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS (continued)

Stock Options, continued

The Company uses the Black Scholes Option Pricing Model to determine the fair value of options granted. The following significant weighted average assumptions in the Black Scholes Option Pricing Model were utilized to estimate the fair value of share based payment awards during the three month periods ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:

	Three Month Period Ended December 31, 2018			Three Month Period Ended December 31, 2017
Stock price	$	1.32		$	2.21
Exercise price	$	5.53		$	1.64
Expected term, years		2.43			8.89
Dividend yield		-	%		-	%
Volatility		72	%		125	%
Risk free rate		2.84	%		2.36	%

The Company recorded $490,244 and $231,113 as stock compensation expense for the three-month periods ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As of December 31, 2018, unrecorded compensation cost related to non-vested awards was $347,592, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 0.32 years. The weighted average grant date fair value per share for options granted during the three month period ended December 31, 2018 was $0.15.

16

APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

December 31, 2018

(unaudited)

NOTE H — COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Operating Leases

The Company leases office space under an operating lease in Stony Brook, New York for its corporate headquarters. The lease is for a 30,000 square foot building. The term of the lease commenced on June 15, 2013 and expired on May 31, 2016, with the option to extend the lease for two additional three-year periods. The Company has exercised its option to extend the lease for one additional three-year period ending May 31, 2019. The base rent during the additional three-year period is $458,098 per annum. In addition to the office space, the Company also has 1,500 square feet of laboratory space. The term of the lease commenced on November 1, 2015 and expired on October 31, 2018. Effective November 20, 2017, the Company renewed this lease for one additional year, ending October 31, 2018. This lease is currently month to month. The Company set up a satellite testing facility in Ahmedabad, India during fiscal 2018. On November 17, 2017, it leased 1,108 square feet for a three-year term beginning November 1, 2017. The base rent is approximately $6,500 per annum.

Total rent expense for the three month periods ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 were $129,193 and $133,216, respectively.

Employment Agreement

The Company has an employment agreement with Dr. James Hayward, its Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) effective July 1, 2016. The initial term was through June 30, 2017, with automatic one-year renewal periods. As of June 30, 2018, the employment contract renewed for an additional year. Under the agreement, the CEO will be eligible for a special cash incentive bonus of up to $800,000, $300,000 of which will be payable if and when annual revenue reaches $8 million and $100,000 of which would be payable for each $2 million of annual revenue in excess of $8 million.  The CEO’s annual salary under the agreement was $400,000. 

Effective May 7, 2016, the CEO’s annual salary was voluntarily reduced by $100,000. Effective May 20, 2017, the CEO’s annual salary was voluntarily reduced by an additional $50,000. Accordingly, his current annual base salary as of December 31, 2018 is $250,000.

Effective March 15, 2018, the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors, approved a bonus of $121,125 that would be payable to the CEO when the Company reaches $3,000,000 in revenues for two consecutive quarters or $12,000,000 in revenues for a fiscal year, provided that the CEO is still employed by the Company on such date (the “Revenue Bonus”). Effective May 2, 2018, the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors, increased the amount of the Revenue Bonus to $403,623. The accrual for the Revenue Bonus of $397,812 is recorded to long term accrued liabilities on the balance sheet as of December 31, 2018.

Effective December 27, 2018, the compensation committee approved a bonus opportunity of $150,000 for the calendar year-ended December 31, 2019 that would be payable to the CEO under the same terms as described above.

Litigation

From time to time, the Company may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings which arise in the ordinary course of business. When the Company is aware of a claim or potential claim, it assesses the likelihood of any loss or exposure. If it is probable that a loss will result and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated, the Company will record a liability for the loss. In addition to the estimated loss, the recorded liability includes probable and estimable legal costs associated with the claim or potential claim. Litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that may harm the Company’s business. There is no pending litigation involving the Company at this time.

NOTE I – GEOGRAPHIC AREA INFORMATION

Net revenues by geographic location of customers are as follows: 

Three Month Period Ended December 31,
	2018		2017
United States	$	567,215	$	292,730
Europe		150,669		191,827
Asia and other		166,438		163,120
Total	$	884,322	$	647,677

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Item 2. — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (including but not limited to this Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”) contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), that are intended to qualify for the “safe harbor” created by those sections. In addition, we may make forward-looking statements in other documents filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), and our management and other representatives may make forward-looking statements orally or in writing to analysts, investors, representatives of the media and others. Forward-looking statements can generally be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts and include, but are not limited to, statements using terminology such as “can”, “may”, “could”, “should”, “assume”, “forecasts”, “believe”, “designated to”, “will”, “expect”, “plan”, “anticipate”, “estimate”, “potential”, “position”, “predicts”, “strategy”, “guidance”, “intend”, “budget”, “seek”, “project” or “continue”, or the negative thereof or other comparable terminology regarding beliefs, plans, expectations or intentions regarding the future. You should read statements that contain these words carefully because they:

· discuss our future expectations;

· contain projections of our future results of operations or of our financial condition; and

· state other “forward-looking” information.

We believe it is important to communicate our expectations. However, forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections about our business and our industry and are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors. Accordingly, our actual results and the timing of certain events may differ materially from those expressed or implied in such forward-looking statements due to a variety of factors and risks, including, but not limited to, those set forth in this Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in this Quarterly Report, those set forth from time to time in our other filings with the SEC, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, and the following factors and risks:

· our ability to continue as a going concern;

· our lack of significant revenues;

· our limited experience in marketing our large-scale PCR manufacturing platform;

· our history of net losses, which may continue, and our potential inability to achieve profitability;

· the possibility that we may require additional financing, which may involve the issuance of additional shares of common stock or securities exercisable or convertible into common stock and dilute the percentage of ownership held by our current stockholders;

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· difficulty in obtaining or inability to obtain, additional financing if such financing becomes necessary;

· failure to maintain the listing on, or the delisting of our securities from, The NASDAQ Capital Market in light of the delisting notices we received from NASDAQ;

· the possibility we may fail to make timely payment on our secured convertible notes and, as a result, the noteholders enforcing their remedies and ultimately realizing on their collateral which includes substantially all of our assets, including our intellectual property;

· volatility in the price and/or trading volume of our common stock;

· future short selling and/or manipulation of the price of our common stock;

· our inability to implement our short and long-term strategies;

· competition from products and services provided by other companies, including competition in the principal markets for our drug and biologic candidates and linear DNA;

· potential difficulties and failures in manufacturing our products;

· loss of strategic relationships;

· dependence on a limited number of key customers;

· lack of acceptance of our products and services by potential customers;

· potential failure to introduce new products and services;

· difficulty or failure in expanding/and or maintaining our sales, marketing and support organizations and our distribution arrangements necessary to enable us to reach our goals with respect to increasing market acceptance of our products and services;

· seasonality in revenues related to our cotton customer contracts

· shifting enforcement priorities of U.S. federal laws relating to cannabis;

· inability of our collaborators, licensees, and customers to develop, obtain approval for and successfully commercialize products that incorporate our technology;

· inability of us, our collaborators, or customers to develop and timely manufacture complex biologic products and their components to exacting quality and safety standards;

· inability to attract and retain qualified scientific, production and managerial personnel, including of Dr. Hayward, our Chief Executive Officer;

· conflicts of interest with affiliates and related parties with whom we have engaged or entered into transactions;

· inability to compete effectively in the industries in which we operate;

· lack of success in our research and development efforts for new products;

· failure to manage our growth in operations and acquisitions of new technologies and businesses;

· inability to protect our intellectual property rights;

19

· intellectual property litigation against us or other legal actions or proceedings in which we may become involved;

· unauthorized disclosure of sensitive or confidential data (including customer data) and cybersecurity breaches; and

· adverse changes in worldwide or domestic economic, political or business conditions.

All forward-looking statements and risk factors included in this Quarterly Report are made as of the date hereof, and all forward-looking statements and risk factors included in documents incorporated herein by reference are made as of their original date, in each case based on information available to us as of the date hereof, or in the case of documents incorporated by reference, the original date of any such document, and we assume no obligations to update any forward-looking statement or risk factor, unless we are required to do so by law. If we do update one or more forward-looking statements, no inference should be drawn that we will make updates with respect to other forward-looking statements or that we will make any further updates to those forward-looking statements at any future time.

Forward-looking statements may include our plans and objectives for future operations, including plans and objectives relating to our products and our future economic performance, projections, business strategy and timing and likelihood of success. Assumptions relating to the forward-looking statements included in this Quarterly Report involve judgments with respect to, among other things, future economic, competitive and market conditions, future business decisions, and the time and money required to successfully complete development and commercialization of our technologies, all of which are difficult or impossible to predict accurately and many of which are beyond our control.

Any of the assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report could prove inaccurate and, therefore, we cannot assure you that any of the results or events contemplated in any of such forward-looking statements will be realized. Based on the significant uncertainties inherent in these forward-looking statements, the inclusion of any such statement should not be regarded as a representation or as a guarantee by us that our objectives or plans will be achieved, and we caution you against relying on any of the forward looking-statements contained herein. 

Our trademarks in the United States include Applied DNA Sciences^®, SigNature^® molecular tags, SigNature^® T molecular tags, fiberTyping^®, DNAnet^®, digitalDNA^®, SigNify^®, BackTrac^®, Beacon^® and CertainT^®. All trademarks, service marks and trade names included or incorporated by reference in this Quarterly Report are the property of their respective owners.

Introduction

Using our large scale polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based manufacturing platform, we manufacture large quantities of linear DNA for various markets. Whether for supply chain security, brand protection, law enforcement or drug or biologic applications, it is our goal to help establish secure flourishing environments that foster quality, integrity and success. With secure taggants, high-resolution DNA authentication, and comprehensive reporting, our SigNature molecular tag technologies are designed to deliver what we believe to be the greatest levels of security, deterrence and legal recourse strength. Under our wholly owned subsidiary, LineaRx, Inc. (LRx), we supply DNA for use in the in vitro medical diagnostics, preclinical biotechnology and preclinical drug and biologic development and manufacturing markets. We are also engaged in preclinical and animal drug candidate development directly and with collaborators focusing on therapeutically relevant DNA constructs manufactured via our PCR-based DNA production platform.

SigNature^® molecular tags, SigNature^® T molecular tags, fiberTyping^®, DNAnet^®, SigNify^® BackTrac^®, Beacon^® and CertainT^® comprise our principal security technology platform. The large-scale production of specific linear DNA sequences is used in the diagnostics and reagent industries. Contract research and drug development and commercialization relating to PCR-produced DNA constructs forms the basis of LRx.

SigNature molecular tags, the core of our supply chain security technology platform, are what we believe to be nature’s ultimate means of authentication and supply chain security. We believe our precision-engineered molecular tags have not been broken. Additional layers of protection and complexity are added to the mark in a proprietary manner. SigNature molecular tags in various carriers have proven highly resistant to UV radiation, heat, cold, vibration, abrasion and other extreme environments and conditions. We work closely with our customers to develop solutions that will be optimized to their specifications to deliver maximum impact. Our products and technology are protected by what we believe to be a robust portfolio of patents and trademarks.

Using our tagging products and technology, manufacturers, brands, and other stakeholders can ensure authenticity and protect against diversion throughout a product’s journey from manufacturer to use.

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The core technologies of our supply chain security business are supplied as tag, test and track solutions for large complex supply chains. Our tag, test and track solutions allow our customers to use molecular tags to mark objects in a unique manner that we believe cannot be replicated, and then identify these objects by detecting the absence or presence of the molecular tag. We believe that our disruptive tracking platform offers broad commercial relevance across many industry verticals. Our underlying strategy in the tagging business is to become a solutions provider for supply chains of process industries in which contracts for our products and services are larger and of longer duration as compared to our historic norms, where the benefits to customers and consumers are more significant, and where our forensic security and traceability offer a unique and protected value. Consumers, governments and companies are demanding details about the systems and sources that deliver their goods. They worry about quality, safety, ethics, and the environmental impact. Farsighted organizations are directly addressing new threats and opportunities presented by this question: Where do these goods come from? This is the question and the concerns we are beginning to address for a growing number of companies. We supply key building blocks for creating secure supply chains with traceability of goods, which in turn can help ensure integrity in supply, honest sales and marketing claims, and ethical and sustainable sourcing.

Customers using our PCR-produced linear DNA products and services for use in vitro medical diagnostics, preclinical biotechnology research and preclinical drug and biologic development and manufacturing receive DNA product we believe is made cleaner and faster than historical manufacturing methods, thereby offering the opportunity for increased efficiency and turnaround times in their processes. We are also engaged in preclinical and animal drug candidate development activities focusing on therapeutically relevant DNA constructs manufactured via our PCR-based production platform. We seek to develop, acquire and commercialize, along or with partners, a diverse portfolio of nucleic acid based drugs and biologics based on PCR-produced linear DNA which we believe will improve existing nucleic acid based therapeutics or to create new nucleic acid based therapeutics that address unmet medical needs.

Signature Molecular Tags

SigNature Molecular Tags. The SigNature molecular tag is our patented molecular taggant technology, at the core of our platform. It provides forensic power and protection for a wide array of applications. Highly secure, robust and durable, SigNature molecular tags are an ingredient that can be used to fortify brand protection efforts; strengthen supply chain security; and mark, track and convict criminals. Through our SigNature molecular tags, custom DNA sequences can be embedded into a wide range of host carriers including natural and synthetic fibers, ink, varnish, thread, metal coatings, and pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. SigNature molecular tags can be made resistant to challenging environments such as heat, cold, vibration, abrasion, organic solvents, chemicals, UV radiation and other extreme environmental conditions, and so can be identified for numerous years after being embedded directly, or into media applied or attached to the item to be marked. Each individual molecular tag is recorded and stored in a secure database so that we can later detect it using a simple spot test, or the molecular tags can be forensically analyzed in our laboratories to obtain definitive proof of the presence or absence of a specific SigNature molecular tag (e.g., one designed to mark a particular product). Our in-lab forensic testing capability delivers an expert witness Certificate of DNA Authentication (“CODA”). Because DNA is one of the densest information carriers known, and can be amplified with high fidelity, only minute quantities of SigNature molecular tags are necessary for successful analysis and authentication. As a result, SigNature molecular tags can fold seamlessly into production and logistics workflows at extremely low concentrations.

SigNature molecular tags have been subjected to rigorous testing by the Idaho National Laboratory, a U.S. National Laboratory, by CALCE (the Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering), the largest electronic products and systems research center focused on electronics reliability, and by verified procedures in our laboratories. The molecular tag has passed all tests across a broad spectrum of materials and substrates, and has met key military stability standards. SigNature molecular tags have also passed a strenuous “red-team” vetting on behalf of the U.S. Defense Logistics Agency.

SigNature molecular tags now exist commodity quantities ranging from consumer product packaging to microcircuits to cotton and synthetic fibers; to our knowledge, none has ever been copied.

SigNature T Molecular Tags and fiberTyping

SigNature T Molecular Tags. SigNature T molecular tags are a unique patented tagging and authentication system specifically designed for textiles and apparel. Specially engineered to adhere tenaciously to textile substrates, including natural and synthetic fibers, SigNature T molecular tags are resistant to standard textile production conditions. The result: an enduring forensic level molecular tag that remains present from the fiber stage through to the finished product.

Our SigNature T technology allows for better quality control and assurance at any point in the supply chain. SigNature T molecular tags are currently used for brand protection efforts and raw material source compliance programs. For example, American grown cotton fibers can be tagged at the gin in the United States, verified as “American grown” and then traced through every step of the supply chain.

fiberTyping. Our patented cotton genotyping platform, known as “fiberTyping,” described below, complements our SigNature T molecular tag system. fiberTyping is employed to identify the genus and species of the fibers before or after they are tagged with SigNature T molecular tags. fiberTyping cannot be used to provide unique identity of a specific cotton through the supply chain.

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fiberTyping is not a molecular tag, but a genotyping test of native cotton fiber DNA, which gives a clear result that determines whether the intended “nature-made” endogenous cotton DNA is present in fiber, yarn or fabric. Samples from the primary material are sent to our forensic labs for DNA analysis and authentication. Cotton classification and the authentication of cotton species after cotton has left its place of origin are issues of global significance, important to brand owners and to governments that must regulate the international cotton trade. The use of endogenous DNA to identify the cotton fiber content in textile supply chains, along with the SigNature T molecular tag system is a significant opportunity for brand license holders to control their intellectual property, for brands to shield themselves against legal liabilities, and for governments to improve their ability to enforce compliance with trade agreements between nations.

We believe that our proprietary DNA extraction protocols and methodologies are more effective than existing forensic systems. We believe that the combination of our SigNatureT molecular tags and fiberTyping solutions cover the forensic authentication market for textiles and that the related protocols we have developed may be applicable to multiple industry verticals (such as ingredients in nutraceuticals and cannabis) and can mark and authenticate products at every stage of their life cycle, from beginning to end.

DNAnet, Smart DNA and Backtrac

Recognizing that DNA-based evidence is the cornerstone of modern-era law enforcement, we have developed what we believe to be the ultimate crime fighting tools – currently being used in vehicle and home asset marking, as well as commercial applications.

These molecular tags can be used to definitively link evidence and offenders to specific crime scenes. As the crime is investigated, the fluorescing molecular marker can assist police in linking the offender and stolen items to a specific crime scene, creating a greater ability to identify and convict.

These long-lasting tagging solutions contain unique molecular tags that can help return stolen or lost property to its rightful owner.

Beacon

Beacon locked optical markers deliver secure real-time inspection capabilities. A unique patented encrypted mechanism creates a protected, covert screening tool that can be easily adapted to packaging, security labels and high–value assets through inks, varnishes and coatings. When Beacon locked optical markers are combined with SigNature molecular tags, a strong and flexible security and screening solution is created where authenticity and provenance can be determined with confidence.

SigNify

Developing a secure method for real-time, in-field screening of molecularly-tagged items has long been a priority for us. We believe that standard fluorophores, up-converting phosphors, holograms and other more-traditional screening tools provide little to no defense against counterfeiting. We believe that secure in-field inspection backed with forensic-level molecular tag authentication is the key to maintaining a well-defended supply chain or asset management program.

The SigNify IF portable DNA reader provides definitive real-time authentication of SigNature and SigNature T molecular tags in the field. With SigNify IF, Signature molecular tags become a true, front-line solution for supply chain integrity.

Information Technology Systems

Applied DNA Sciences Portal. The CertainT and other customer applications include the use of a software platform that enables customers to manage the security of company-marked goods from point of marking to point of authentication or validation to end of life. The base platform is configurable to customer requirements which differ by vertical market, company business process and IT environment. Basic functions offered include molecular tag inventory management, program training and communications, a database of marked items information, associated documents and images, chain of custody and location tracking, sample authentication processing and CODA downloads, and other administrative functions. Designed for either cloud or local operation, the system supports mobile data capture using bar codes or other technologies. The system is architected as the controller and repository for other validation and authentication devices such as our SigNify DNA Readers, DNA Transfer Systems, and other third party devices and is designed to share data with third party applications through standard interfaces. 

DNA Transfer Systems and Cannabis Tracking System. Our DNA Transfer Systems and Cannabis Tracking System are developed for DNA marking applications which are high volume with a need for monitoring and control. They are computer based, fully automated, offer remote internet access for real-time monitoring and can be configured for application-specific alerts and reporting online. They are being used to mark cotton at six U.S. cotton gins in the 2018-2019 ginning season and one location in Australia.

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CertainT Supply Chain Platform

CertainT helps brands confirm their product’s authenticity and origin with certified, trust, transparency and traceability through the seamless amalgamation of several of our platform technologies to tag, test and track. The CertainT trademark indicates use of the CertainT tagging, testing and tracking platform to enable proof of product claims for any material, item or product. Secure and proven, the CertainT Platform helps manufacturers, brands or other commercial organizations deliver on their promise that customers are buying products that are ethically-sourced, safe and authentic.

Large-scale production of specific DNA sequences using PCR.

Our patented Triathlon™ PCR systems allow for the large-scale production of specific DNA sequences. The systems are computer-controlled, self-contained and modular. DNA sequences produced through our processes and systems are being used by customers as components of diagnostic tests and reagents, which provide us the opportunity to cross-sell our DNA-based supply chain security solutions to this installed base and others. We believe we have the ability to manufacture longer DNA sequences valuable in gene therapies, adoptive cell therapies (such as CAR T), DNA vaccines, RNA therapies and diagnostics, with what we believe is a distinct competitive advantage in cost, cleanliness, and time-to-market. These types of DNA are distinct from our DNA security markers and represent a potential new entry into medical markets, where we believe there are opportunities for our broader platform. Customers using our PCR-produced linear DNA products and services for use in in vitro medical diagnostics, preclinical biotechnology research and preclinical drug and biologic manufacturing receive DNA product that we believe is made cleaner and faster than historical manufacturing methods, thereby offering the opportunity for increased efficiency and turnaround times in their processes.

Contract Research

Under LRx, we act as a contract research organization for the nucleic acid-based medical and biologic markets. In addition, LRx is providing contract research services to several RNA based drug and biologic customers for preclinical studies. These services include the design, development and manufacture of PCR-produced DNA templates for RNA.

Therapeutics

In addition, we seek to develop, acquire and commercialize, ourselves or with partners, a diverse portfolio of nucleic acid-based drugs and biologics based on PCR-produced linear DNA to improve existing nucleic acid-based therapeutics or to create new nucleic acid-based therapeutics that address unmet medical needs. We are also engaged in preclinical and animal drug candidate development activities focusing on therapeutically relevant DNA constructs manufactured through our large scale PCR production systems. LRx uses its PCR systems to rapidly produce customized DNA for use by our CRO/CMO clients, our preclinical drug and biologic clients and partners, and for our own preclinical nucleic acid-based drugs and biologics under development in the field of CAR T-cell immunotherapy. LRx’s proprietary process enables large, gram-scale production of DNA through PCR for bio-based therapeutics, adoptive cell therapies, vaccines (including cancer), CRISPR and other nucleic acid-based therapies. Linear DNA does not require recombination, therefore, there is no need for a virus or for plasmids. This reduces the risk of unwanted DNA or other contaminants that would need to be removed.

Plan of Operations

General

To date, the substantial portion of our revenues have been generated from sales of our SigNature molecular tags and SigNature T molecular tags, our principal supply chain security and product authentication solutions. We expect to grow revenues from sales of our SigNature molecular tags, SigNature T molecular tags, SigNify, and CertainT offerings as we work with companies and government to secure supply chains for various types of products and product labeling throughout the world. In addition, we expect to continue to grow revenues from our PCR-produced linear DNA products and services for in vitro medical diagnostics, biotechnology research and drug and biologic manufacturing. We have continued to incur expenses in expanding our business and increasing our personnel to meet current and anticipated future demand. We have limited sources of liquidity. Our products and services are offered in the United States, Europe and Asia. At the present time, we are focusing our efforts on textile and apparel, pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals, microcircuits and other electronics, legal cannabis and PCR-produced linear DNA products as well as services for in vitro medical diagnostics, preclinical biotechnology research and preclinical biotherapeutic manufacturing. Currently approximately twenty percent of our annual revenue comes from the textile market. The basic technology we use in various markets is very similar, and we believe our solutions are adaptable for many types of products and markets. In the future, we plan to expand our focus to include additional consumer products, food and beverage and industrial materials. The cotton ginning season in the United States takes place between September and March each year; therefore, revenues from our cotton customer contracts may be seasonal and recognized primarily during our first and fourth fiscal quarters, which may cause operating results to fluctuate significantly quarterly and annually.

Critical Accounting Policies and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

See Note A to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for our critical accounting policies and recent accounting pronouncements.

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Comparison of Results of Operations for the Three Month Periods Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017

Revenues

Product revenues

For the three month periods ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, we generated $321,875 and $350,133 in revenues from product sales, respectively. Product revenue decreased by $28,258 or 8% for the three month period ended December 31, 2018 as compared to the three month period ended December 31, 2017. The decrease in product revenues was primarily related to a decrease of approximately $70,000 in consumer asset marking revenue and a decrease of $108,000 in biopharmaceutical revenues. To a lesser extent the decrease was related to a decrease of approximately $12,000 in cash and values in transit revenue. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in textile revenue of $180,000 related to the protection of cotton supply chains.

Service revenues

For the three month periods ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, we generated $562,447 and $297,544 in revenues from sales of services, respectively. The increase in service revenues of $264,903 or 89% for the three month period ended December 31, 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year is attributable to increases of $108,000 within our pharmaceuticals and nutraceutical market for pre-commercial pilots as well as an increase this quarter of approximately $120,000 for our cannabis pre-commercial project. Additionally, we had an increase in revenue from a government contract award of approximately $13,000.

Costs and Expenses

Cost of Revenues

Cost of revenues for the three month period ended December 31, 2018 decreased by $177,955 or 54% from $331,440 for the three month period ended December 31, 2017 to $153,485 for the three month period ended December 31, 2018. Cost of revenues as a percentage of product revenues was 48% and 95% for the three month periods ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. This decrease in cost of revenues as a percentage of product revenues is due to the product sales mix as sales during the three month period ended December 31, 2018 were primarily comprised of textile sales, which are at a higher margin as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year.

Selling, General and Administrative

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three month period ended December 31, 2018 increased by $489,226 or 19% from $2,593,154 for the three month period ended December 31, 2017 to $3,082,380 for the three month period ended December 31, 2018. The increase is attributable to an increase of approximately $250,000 in stock compensation expense associated with employee grant modifications. These modifications canceled certain existing options and replaced them with new options with a term of an additional five years. The combined term of these modified options (including the canceled options) is a total of 10 years, which is consistent with our current compensation practices, in which employee stock options are generally granted with a term of ten years. The increase also relates to an increase in legal and professional fees of $95,000, consulting expenses of $45,000 and advertising and marketing expenses of approximately $38,000.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses decreased to $709,564 for the three month period ended December 31, 2018 from $740,067 for the three month period ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of $30,503 or 4%. This decrease is primarily due to decreased development costs in relation to a government development contract award.

Depreciation and Amortization

In the three month period ended December 31, 2018, depreciation and amortization decreased by $22,596 or 14% from $157,648 for the three month period ended December 31, 2017 to $135,052 for the three month period ended December 31, 2018.

Interest expense

Interest expense for the three month period ended December 31, 2018, was an expense of $31,611. The interest expense for the three month period ended December 31, 2018 was due to interest earned on the convertible notes payable.

Net Loss

Net loss increased by $50,608 or 2% from a loss of $3,183,712 for the three month period ended December 31, 2017 to a loss of $3,234,320 for the three month period ended December 31, 2018, due to the factors noted above.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our liquidity needs consist of our working capital requirements and research and development expenditure funding. As of December 31, 2018, we had working capital of $1,866,846. For the three month period ended December 31, 2018, we generated a net cash flow deficit from operating activities of $1,513,668 consisting primarily of our loss of $3,234,320 net with non-cash adjustments of $135,052 in depreciation and amortization charges and $490,244 for stock-based compensation. Additionally, we had a net decrease in operating assets of $882,201 and a net increase in operating liabilities of $217,296. Cash used in investing activities was $52,051 for the purchase of property and equipment. Cash provided by financing activities was $3,043,999 consisting primarily of net proceeds from the December securities public offering of $2,493,999 and $550,000 in proceeds from the sale of secured convertible promissory notes during November 2018.

We have recurring net losses, which have resulted in an accumulated deficit of $251,107,180 as of December 31, 2018. We have incurred a net loss of $3,234,320 for the three month period ended December 31, 2018. At December 31, 2018 we had cash and cash equivalents of $3,137,844. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for one year from the issuance of the financial statements. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent on the Company’s ability to further implement its business plan, raise capital, and generate revenues. The financial statements set forth in this Quarterly Report do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.

The Company’s current capital resources include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and inventories. Historically, the Company has financed its operations principally from the sale of equity or equity-linked securities.

NASDAQ Delisting Notice

On January 29, 2019, we received written notice (the “First Notification Letter”) from the Listing Qualifications Department of The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) notifying us that we are not in compliance with the minimum bid price requirements set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market. Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) requires listed securities to maintain a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share, and Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A) provides that a failure to meet the minimum bid price requirement exists if the deficiency continues for a period of thirty (30) consecutive business days. Based on the closing bid price of our common stock for the thirty (30) consecutive business days from December 13, 2018 to January 25, 2019, we no longer meet the minimum bid price requirement.

The First Notification Letter does not impact our listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market at this time. The First Notification Letter states that we have 180 calendar days, or until July 29, 2019, to regain compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2). To regain compliance, the bid price of our common stock must have a closing bid price of at least $1.00 per share for a minimum of ten (10) consecutive business days. If we do not regain compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) by July 29, 2019, we may be eligible for an additional 180 calendar day compliance period. To qualify, we would be required to meet the continued listing requirement for market value of publicly held shares and all other initial listing standards for The Nasdaq Capital Market, with the exception of the bid price requirement, and would need to provide written notice of our intention to cure the deficiency during the second compliance period, by effecting a reverse stock split, if necessary. However, if it appears to the staff of Nasdaq (the “Staff”) that we will not be able to cure the deficiency, or if we are otherwise not eligible, Nasdaq would notify us that our securities would be subject to delisting. In the event of such a notification, we may appeal the Staff’s determination to delist our securities, but there can be no assurance the Staff would grant our request for continued listing.

We intend to monitor the closing bid price of our common stock and may, if appropriate, consider implementing available options, including, but not limited to, implementing a reverse stock split of our outstanding securities, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement under the Nasdaq Listing Rules.

Additionally, on January 30, 2019, we received written notice (the “Second Notification Letter”) from the Listing Qualifications Department of Nasdaq notifying us that we are not in compliance with the market value of listed securities requirements set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(2), or the alternative standards of Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1), which requires a listed company to have minimum stockholders’ equity of $2.5 million, or Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(3), which requires a listed company to have had net income from continuing operations of at least $500,000 in the latest fiscal year or in two of the last three fiscal years. Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(2) requires listed securities to maintain a market value of at least $35 million for the previous thirty (30) consecutive business days for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market. Based on our market value of listed securities for the thirty (30) consecutive business days from November 30, 2018 to January 29, 2019, we no longer meets the market value of listed securities requirement. In addition, we do not satisfy the alternative requirements of sufficient minimum stockholders’ equity or sufficient net income from continuing operations.

The Second Notification Letter does not impact our listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market at this time. The Second Notification Letter states that we have 180 calendar days, or until July 29, 2019, to regain compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(2). Alternatively we could gain compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1) or Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(3). In order to regain compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(2), we must maintain a market value of listed securities of at least $35 million for a minimum of ten (10) consecutive business days. If we do not regain compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(2) or, alternatively, gain compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1) or Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(3), prior to the expiration of the compliance period, Nasdaq would notify us that our securities would be subject to delisting. In the event of such a notification, we may appeal the Staff’s determination to delist our securities, but there can be no assurance the Staff would grant our request for continued listing. Unlike the minimum bid price noncompliance described in the First Notification Letter, no additional compliance period is applicable to the noncompliance described in the Second Notification Letter.

If our common stock is delisted by NASDAQ, it could lead to a number of negative implications, including an adverse effect on the price of our common stock, increased volatility in our common stock, reduced liquidity in our common stock, the loss of federal preemption of state securities laws and greater difficulty in obtaining financing. In addition, delisting of our common stock could deter broker-dealers from making a market in or otherwise seeking or generating interest in our common stock, could result in a loss of current or future coverage by certain sell-side analysts and might deter certain institutions and persons from investing in our securities at all. Delisting could also cause a loss of confidence of our customers, collaborators, vendors, suppliers and employees, which could harm our business and future prospects. We will consider available options to resolve the deficiencies and regain compliance with all applicable Nasdaq Listing Rules.

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Inflation

The effect of inflation on our revenue and operating results was not significant.

Item 3. — Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Information requested by this Item is not applicable as we are electing scaled disclosure requirements available to smaller reporting companies with respect to this Item.

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Item 4. — Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based on the evaluation of these disclosure controls and procedures, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of December 31, 2018, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

During the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2018, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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Part II — Other Information

Item 1. — Legal Proceedings.

None.

Item 1A. — Risk Factors.

Not applicable as we are a smaller reporting company.

Item 2. — Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

On November 29, 2018, the Company closed a securities purchase agreement with its chairman, president and chief executive officer and one member of the management team (the “Purchasers”), pursuant to which the Company issued and sold an aggregate of $550,000 in principal amount of secured convertible notes bearing interest, payable semi-annually, at a rate of 6% per annum (the “November 29^th Notes”). The November 29^th Notes are substantially similar to the Company’s $1,650,000 in principal amount of secured convertible notes issued on August 31, 2018 (the “August 31^st Notes”) except with respect to the maturity date which is November 28, 2021. The November 29^th Notes are secured by a lien on substantially all assets of the Company (excluding certain cash accounts) and the assets of APDN (B.V.I.) Inc., which lien is on a pari passu basis with the same Company assets as the August 31^st Notes.

The November 29^th Notes are convertible, in whole or in part, at any time, at the option of the Purchasers, into shares of the Company’s Common Stock, in an amount determined by dividing the principal amount of each November 29^th Note, together with any and all accrued and unpaid interest, by the conversion price of $2.50. The Company has the right to require the Purchasers to convert all or any part of their November 29^th Notes into shares of its Common Stock at a conversion price of $2.50 if the price of the Common Stock remains at a closing price of $3.50 or more for a period of twenty consecutive trading days.

The issuance of the November 29^th Notes was exempt from registration pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) thereof and Regulation D thereunder.

Item 3. — Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. — Mine Safety Disclosures.

None.

Item 5. — Other Information.

None.

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Item 6. — Exhibits.

4.1	Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant issued to investors, incorporated by reference to the designated exhibit of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 21, 2018.
10.1	Form of Convertible Note, incorporated by reference to the designated exhibit of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 6, 2018.
10.2	Registration Rights Agreement dated November 29, 2018 by and among Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. and the investors named on the signature page thereto, incorporated by reference to the designated exhibit of the Company’s Current Report on 8-K filed with the SEC on December 6, 2018.
10.3	Securities Purchase Agreement dated November 29, 2018 by and among Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. and the  investors named on the signature page thereto, incorporated by reference to the designated exhibit of the Company’s Current Report on 8-K filed with the SEC on December 6, 2018.
10.4	Underwriting Agreement entered into by and between Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. and Maxim Group LLC as sole underwriter, dated December 21, 2018, incorporated by reference to the designated exhibit of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 21, 2018.
31.1*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14 and Rule 15d-14(a), promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
31.2*	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14 and Rule 15d-14(a), promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
32.1**	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Chief Executive Officer)
32.2**	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Chief Financial Officer)
101 INS*	XBRL Instance Document
101 SCH*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101 CAL*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101 DEF*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101 LAB*	XBRL Extension Label Linkbase Document
101 PRE*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

* Filed herewith.

** Furnished herewith.

Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2 are being furnished and shall not be deemed to be “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall such exhibits be deemed to be incorporated by reference in any registration statement or other document filed under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except as otherwise stated in any such filing.

29

Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	Applied DNA Sciences, Inc.
Dated: February 7, 2019	/s/ JAMES A. HAYWARD
	James A. Hayward, Ph. D.
	Chief Executive Officer
	(Duly authorized officer and principal executive officer)
	/s/ BETH JANTZEN
Dated: February 7, 2019	Beth Jantzen, CPA
	Chief Financial Officer
	(Duly authorized officer and
	principal financial and accounting officer)

30

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULE 13 a -14(a) OR 15 d -14(a) OF THE SECURITIES

EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE

SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, James A. Hayward, certify that:

1.	I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Applied DNA Sciences, Inc.;
2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.	The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a. designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Dated: February 7, 2019
	By:	/s/ JAMES A. HAYWARD
		James A. Hayward
		Chief Executive Officer
		Applied DNA Sciences, Inc.

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULE 13 a -14(a) OR 15 d -14(a) OF THE SECURITIES

EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE

SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Beth Jantzen, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Applied DNA Sciences, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a. designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Dated: February 7, 2019
	By:	/s/ BETH JANTZEN
		Beth Jantzen, CPA
		Chief Financial Officer
		Applied DNA Sciences, Inc.

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

The undersigned, James A. Hayward, Chief Executive Officer of Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. (the “Company”), in connection with the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended December 31, 2018 (the “Report”), as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof, hereby certifies pursuant to the requirements of 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that

● the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and

● the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

This certification is being provided pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350 and is not to be deemed a part of the Report, nor is it to be deemed to be “filed” for any purpose whatsoever.

By:	/s/ JAMES A. HAYWARD
	James A. Hayward
	Chief Executive Officer
	Applied DNA Sciences, Inc.
	Dated: February 7, 2019

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

The undersigned, Beth Jantzen, Chief Financial Officer of Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. (the “Company”), in connection with the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended December 31, 2018 (the “Report”), as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof, hereby certifies pursuant to the requirements of 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that

● the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and

● the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

This certification is being provided pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350 and is not to be deemed a part of the Report, nor is it to be deemed to be “filed” for any purpose whatsoever.

By:	/s/ BETH JANTZEN
	Beth Jantzen, CPA
	Chief Financial Officer
	Applied DNA Sciences, Inc.
	Dated: February 7, 2019

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Document and Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Feb. 01, 2019
Document and Entity Information [Abstract]
Entity Registrant Name	APPLIED DNA SCIENCES INC
Entity Central Index Key	0000744452
Trading Symbol	apdn
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--09-30
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		36,362,057
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2018
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2019
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 3,137,844	$ 1,659,564
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $4,500 and $13,133 at December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018, respectively	614,764	1,485,938
Inventories	225,289	221,369
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	622,157	635,174
Total current assets	4,600,054	4,002,045
Property and equipment, net	369,130	419,774
Other assets:
Deposits	62,362	62,325
Goodwill	285,386	285,386
Intangible assets, net	831,845	864,203
Total Assets	6,148,777	5,633,733
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (including related party interest of $20,244 and $5,844 at December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018, respectively)	1,357,712	965,167
Deferred revenue	1,375,496	1,856,693
Total current liabilities	2,733,208	2,821,860
Long term accrued liabilities	508,426	470,739
Secured convertible notes payable, net of debt issuance costs (including related party interest of $1,142,716 and $1,139,490 at December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018, respectively)	2,141,122	1,586,631
Total liabilities	5,382,756	4,879,230
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' Equity
Preferred stock, value
Common stock, par value $0.001 per share; 500,000,000 shares authorized; 35,612,057 and 30,112,057 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018, respectively	35,612	30,112
Additional paid in capital	251,837,589	249,090,474
Accumulated deficit	(251,107,180)	(248,366,083)
Total stockholders' equity	766,021	754,503
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	6,148,777	5,633,733
Series A Preferred stock
Stockholders' Equity
Preferred stock, value
Series B Preferred stock
Stockholders' Equity
Preferred stock, value

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parentheticals) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018
Allowance on accounts receivable (in dollars)	$ 4,500	$ 13,133
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities, related parties (in dollars)	20,244	5,844
Convertible notes payable, related parties (in dollars)	$ 1,142,716	$ 1,139,490
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	10,000,000	10,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized	500,000,000	500,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	35,612,057	30,112,057
Common stock, shares outstanding	35,612,057	30,112,057
Series A Preferred stock
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	10,000,000	10,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Series B Preferred stock
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	10,000,000	10,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Revenues:
Total revenues	$ 884,322	$ 647,677
Cost of revenues	153,485	331,440
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative	3,082,380	2,593,154
Research and development	709,564	740,067
Depreciation and amortization	135,052	157,648
Total operating expenses	3,926,996	3,490,869
LOSS FROM OPERATIONS	(3,196,159)	(3,174,632)
Other income (expense):
Interest (expense) income, net (including related party interest of $23,470 for the three month period ended December 31, 2018)	(31,611)
Other (expense) income, net	(6,550)	(9,080)
Loss before provision for income taxes	(3,234,320)	(3,183,712)
Provision for income taxes	0	0
NET LOSS	$ (3,234,320)	$ (3,183,712)
Net loss per share-basic and diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.11)	$ (0.12)
Weighted average shares outstanding - Basic and diluted (in shares)	30,470,753	27,674,340
Product revenues
Revenues:
Total revenues	$ 321,875	$ 350,133
Service revenues
Revenues:
Total revenues	$ 562,447	$ 297,544

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Unaudited) (Parentheticals)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Income Statement [Abstract]
Interest (expense) income, related party interest	$ 23,470

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Unaudited) - 3 months ended Dec. 31, 2018 - USD ($)	Common Stock	Additional Paid in Capital	Accumulated Deficit	Total
Balance at Sep. 30, 2018	$ 30,112	$ 249,090,474	$ (248,366,083)	$ 754,503
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2018	30,112,057			30,112,057
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Common stock issued in public offering, net of offering costs	$ 5,500	2,256,871		$ 2,262,371
Common stock issued in public offering, net of offering costs (in shares)	5,500,000
Impact of adoption of new accounting pronouncements included in accumulated deficit			493,223	493,223
Stock based compensation expense		490,244		490,244
Net loss			(3,234,320)	(3,234,320)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 35,612	$ 251,837,589	$ (251,107,180)	$ 766,021
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018	35,612,057			35,612,057

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (3,234,320)	$ (3,183,712)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	135,052	157,648
Stock-based compensation expense	490,244	231,113
Amortization of debt issuance costs	4,492
Provision for bad debts	(8,633)
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	879,807	432,232
Inventories	(3,920)	12,380
Prepaid expenses and other current assets and deposits	6,314	(173,921)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	198,713	(39,737)
Deferred revenue	18,583	(8,775)
Net cash used in operating activities	(1,513,668)	(2,572,772)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment	(52,051)	(48,349)
Net cash used in investing activities	(52,051)	(48,349)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net proceeds from secured convertible promissory notes, related parties	550,000
Net proceeds from sale of common stock and warrants	2,493,999	4,425,893
Net cash provided by financing activities	3,043,999	4,425,893
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	1,478,280	1,804,772
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	1,659,564	2,959,781
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	3,137,844	4,764,553
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information:
Cash paid during period for interest	0	0
Cash paid during period for income taxes	0	0
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Property and equipment acquired, and included in accounts payable		30,247
Impact of adoption of new accounting pronouncements included in accumulated deficit	493,223
Offering costs incurred, and included in accounts payable	$ 231,520	$ 192,893

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SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES

NOTE A — SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES

General

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2018 and for the three month periods ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 are unaudited. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and are presented in accordance with the requirements of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and with the instructions to Form 10-Q. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements.

In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three-month period ended December 31, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2019. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018 and footnotes thereto included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. (the “Company”) filed with the SEC on December 18, 2018.

The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2018 contained herein has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2018, but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP.

Business and Basis of Presentation

The Company is principally devoted to developing and marketing DNA technology solutions in the United States, Europe and Asia. These solutions are used in, among other things, supply chain security, brand protection and drug and biologic applications. To date, the Company has produced limited recurring revenues from its products and services and has incurred expenses and has sustained losses. Consequently, its operations are subject to all the risks inherent in the establishment and development of a biotechnology company.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, APDN (B.V.I.) Inc., Applied DNA Sciences Europe Limited, Applied DNA Sciences India Private Limited, and LineaRx, Inc. (“LRx”). Significant inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. 

Inventories

Inventories, which consist primarily of raw materials, and finished goods, are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined by using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method.

Revenue Recognition

In May 2014, the FASB issued accounting standard updates which clarified principles for recognizing revenue arising from contracts with customers (ASC 606) and superseded most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The core principle of the revenue standard is that an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to clients in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The new guidance applies a five-step model for revenue measurement and recognition and also requires increased disclosures including the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows related to contracts with clients.

The Company adopted the new revenue recognition standard at the beginning of the first quarter of fiscal 2019, using the modified retrospective method of adoption and applied the guidance to those contracts that were not completed as of September 30, 2018. Comparative financial information for reporting periods beginning prior to October 1, 2018, has not been restated and continues to be reported under the previous reporting guidance. Under the modified retrospective method of adoption, the cumulative effect of applying the new standard is recorded at the date of initial application, with no restatement of the comparative prior periods presented. Based on the evaluation, the Company has identified certain customer contracts, which will require different recognition under the new guidance. The Company has determined that the revenue under certain of its research and development contracts should be recognized on an overtime cost-to-cost basis as compared to straightline over the contract term. Also, the shipment to the Company’s cotton customer during fiscal 2018 that included extended payment terms and was included in deferred revenue as of September 30, 2018, would have met the criteria under the new guidance to be recognized as revenue upon shipment. The Company has determined that the cumulative effect adjustment to opening retained earnings in fiscal 2019 was approximately $494,000.

The Company measures revenue at the amounts that reflect the consideration to which it is expected to be entitled in exchange for transferring control of goods and services to customers. The Company recognizes revenue either at the point in time or over the period of time that performance obligations to customers are satisfied. The Company’s contracts with customers may include multiple performance obligations (e.g. taggants, maintenance, authentication services, research and development services, etc.). For such arrangements, the Company allocates revenues to each performance obligation based on their relative standalone selling price.

Under the new accounting guidance, the Company recognizes revenue upon transfer of control of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive for those goods or services, including any variable consideration.

Due to the short-term nature of the Company’s contracts with customers, it has elected to apply the practical expedients under Topic 606 to: (1) expense as incurred, incremental costs of obtaining a contract and (2) not adjust the consideration for the effects of a significant financing component for contracts with an original expected duration of one year or less.   

Impact of Adoption

A summary and discussion of such cumulative effect adjustment and the impact on current period financial statements of adopting Topic 606 is as follows: 

	Three months ended December 31, 2018 (unaudited)
	prior U.S. GAAP			Topic 606 impact			as reported
Statement of Operations
Revenues
Product	$	704,972		$	(383,097	)	$	321,875
Service	$	570,075			(7,628	)		562,447
Total revenues		1,275,047			(390,725	)		884,322
Cost of revenues		156,818			(3,333	)		153,485
Loss from operations		(2,808,768	)		(387,391	)		(3,196,159	)
Assets
Prepaids and other current assets	$	625,490		$	(3,333	)	$	622,157
Liabilities and stockholder's equity
Deferred Revenue	$	1,484,963		$	(109,467	)	$	1,375,496
Accumulated Deficit		(251,001,046	)		(106,134	)		(251,107,180	)

Product Revenues and Authentication Services

The Company’s PCR-produced linear DNA products, including molecular taggants are manufactured in accordance with contracts with customers. The Company recognizes revenue upon satisfying its promises to transfer goods or services to customers under the terms of its contracts. These performance obligations are satisfied at the point in time the Company transfers control of the goods to the customer, which in nearly all cases is when title to and risk of loss of the goods transfer to the customer. The timing of transfer of title and risk of loss is dictated by customary or explicitly stated contract terms. The Company does not consider payment terms a performance obligation for customers with contractual terms that are one year or less and has elected the practical expedient. Nearly all of the Company’s sales contracts reflect market pricing at the time the contract is executed, are one year or less, and generally provide for shipment within 30 to 60 days after the price has been agreed upon with the customer. We invoice customers upon shipment, and our collection terms range, on average from 30 to 60 days.

The cotton ginning season in the United States takes place between September and March each year; therefore, revenues from these customer contracts may be seasonal and recognized primarily during the first and fourth quarters of the Company’s fiscal year.

Authentication Services

The Company recognizes revenue for authentication services upon satisfying its promises to services to customers under the terms of its contracts. These performance obligations are satisfied at the point in time the Company services are complete, which in nearly all cases is when the authentication report is released to the customer.

Research and Development Services

The Company records revenue for its research and development contracts using the over-time revenue recognition model as a customer is invoiced or performance is satisfied. Revenue is primarily measured using the cost-to-cost method, which the Company believes best depicts the transfer of control to the customer.  Under the cost-to-cost method, the extent of progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of actual costs incurred to the total estimated costs expected upon satisfying the identified performance obligation. Revenues are recorded proportionally as costs are incurred. For contracts where the total costs cannot be estimated, revenues are recognized for the actual costs incurred during a period until the remaining costs to complete a contract can be estimated. The Company has elected to not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an original expected duration of one year or less.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table presents revenues disaggregated by our business operations and timing of revenue recognition:

	Three Month Period Ended:
	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Research and development services (over-time)	$	473,178	$	221,863
Product and authentication services (point-in-time):
Supply chain		250,098		69,852
Asset marking		161,046		248,024
Large scale DNA production		-		107,938
Total	$	884,322	$	647,677

Contract balances

As of December 31, 2018, the Company has entered into contracts with customers for which revenue has not yet been recognized. Consideration received from a customer prior to revenue recognition is recorded to a contract liability and is recognized as revenue when the Company satisfies the related performance obligations under the terms of the contract. The Company’s contract liabilities, which are reported as deferred revenue on the condensed consolidated balance sheet, consist almost entirely of research and development contracts where consideration has been received and the development services have not yet been fully performed.

The opening and closing balances of the Company’s contract balances are as follows:

	Balance sheet classification	October 1, 2018		December 31, 2018		$ change
Contract liabilities	Deferred revenue	$	1,356,502	$	1,375,496	$	18,994

For the three months ended December 31, 2018, the Company recognized $329,535 of revenue that was included in Contract liabilities as of October 1, 2018.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect certain reported amounts and disclosures. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The most complex and subjective estimates include revenue recognition, recoverability of long-lived assets, including the values assigned to goodwill, intangible assets and property and equipment, fair value calculations for stock based compensation, allowance for doubtful accounts and management’s anticipated liquidity. Management reviews its estimates on a regular basis and the effects of any material revisions are reflected in the condensed consolidated financial statements in the period they are deemed necessary. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates. 

Income Taxes

The Company recognizes deferred tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The Company estimates the degree to which tax assets and credit carry forwards will result in a benefit based on expected profitability by tax jurisdiction.

In its interim financial statements, the Company follows the guidance in ASC 270, “Interim Reporting” and ASC 740 “Income Taxes”, whereby the Company utilizes the expected annual effective tax rate in determining its income tax provisions for the interim periods. That rate differs from U.S. statutory rates primarily as a result of valuation allowance related to the Company’s net operating loss carryforward as a result of the historical losses of the Company.

Net Loss Per Share

The Company presents loss per share utilizing a dual presentation of basic and diluted loss per share. Basic loss per share includes no dilution and has been calculated based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive common stock equivalents consist of shares issuable upon the exercise of the Company’s stock options and warrants.

For the three month periods ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, common stock equivalent shares are excluded from the computation of the diluted loss per share as their effect would be anti-dilutive.

Securities that could potentially dilute basic net income per share in the future were not included in the computation of diluted net loss per share because to do so would have been anti-dilutive for the three month periods ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows: 

	2018		2017
Warrants		18,508,527		12,275,455
Stock options		6,177,214		5,304,411
		24,685,741		17,579,866

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation for employees and directors in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation (“ASC 718”). ASC 718 requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the statement of operations based on their fair values. Under the provisions of ASC 718, stock-based compensation costs are measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and are recognized as expense over the employee’s requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the equity grant). The fair value of the Company’s common stock options are estimated using the Black Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: expected volatility, dividend rate, risk free interest rate and the expected life. The Company expenses stock-based compensation by using the straight-line method. In accordance with ASC 718 and, excess tax benefits realized from the exercise of stock-based awards are classified as cash flows from operating activities. All excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies (including tax benefits of dividends on share-based payment awards) are recognized as income tax expense or benefit in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation awards issued to non-employees for services, as prescribed by ASC 718-10, at either the fair value of the services rendered or the instruments issued in exchange for such services, whichever is more readily determinable, using the measurement date guidelines enumerated in ASU 2018-07.

Concentrations

Financial instruments and related items, which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk, consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents and trade receivables. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents with high credit quality institutions. At times, such investments may be in excess of the FDIC insurance limit.

The Company’s revenues earned from sale of products and services for the three month period ended December 31, 2018 included an aggregate of 27%, 23%, 14% and 12% from four customers. These customers accounted for approximately 76% of the Company’s total accounts receivable at December 31, 2018. At December 31, 2018, one customer accounted for an aggregate of 67% of the Company’s total accounts receivable.

The Company’s revenues earned from sale of products and services for the three month period ended December 31, 2017 included an aggregate of 37%, 22% and 17% from three customers. One customer accounted for 88% of the Company’s total accounts receivable at December 31, 2017.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2018-18, “Collaborative Arrangements (Topic 808): Clarifying the Interaction between Topic 808 and Topic 606” (“ASU 2018-18”). The amendments in this update clarify that certain transactions between collaborative arrangement participants should be accounted for as revenue under Topic 606. ASU 2018-18 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact of ASU 2018-18 on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation – “Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-based Payment Accounting”, which addresses aspects of the accounting for nonemployee share-based payment transactions. This pronouncement is effective for annual reporting periods and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company early adopted ASU 2018-07 on October 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective transition approach. The cumulative effect adjustment to opening retained earnings was not material.

In July 2017, the FASB issued a two-part ASU No. 2017-11, I. Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments With Down Round Features and II. Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests With a Scope Exception (“ASU 2017-11”). ASU 2017-11 amends guidance in FASB ASC 260, Earnings Per Share, FASB ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, and FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The amendments in Part I of ASU 2017-11 change the classification analysis of certain equity-linked financial instruments (or embedded features) with down round features. The amendments in Part II of ASU 2017-11 re-characterize the indefinite deferral of certain provisions of Topic 480 that now are presented as pending content in the Codification, to a scope exception. Those amendments do not have an accounting effect. ASU 2017-11 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance.

In May 2017, FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation – “Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting”, which provides guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting in Topic 718. This pronouncement is effective for annual reporting periods and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2017-09 during the three months ended December 31, 2018 and it did not have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment” (“ASU 2017-04”). The purpose of the amendment is to simplify how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. For public entities, the amendments in ASU 2017-04 are effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently assessing the impact of ASU 2017-04 on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842).” The objective of this update is to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those annual periods and is to be applied utilizing a modified retrospective approach. The Company is currently evaluating the new guidance to determine the impact it may have on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

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GOING CONCERN AND MANAGEMENT'S PLAN

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Going Concern And Managements Plan [Abstract]

GOING CONCERN AND MANAGEMENT'S PLAN

NOTE B — GOING CONCERN AND MANAGEMENT’S PLAN

The Company has recurring net losses, which have resulted in an accumulated deficit of $251,107,180 as of December 31, 2018. The Company incurred a net loss of $3,234,320 and generated negative operating cash flow of $1,513,668 for the three-month period ended December 31, 2018. The Company also had working capital of $1,866,846 and cash and cash equivalents of $3,137,844 as of December 31, 2018. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for one year from the issuance of the financial statements. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent on the Company’s ability to further implement its business plan, raise capital, and generate revenues. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.

The Company’s current capital resources include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and inventories. Historically, the Company has financed its operations principally from the sale of equity and equity-linked securities. 

On January 29th and 30th, 2019, the Company received written notices from the Listing Qualifications Department of The NASDAQ Stock Market notifying it that the Company was not in compliance with the minimum bid price requirements as well as the market value of listed securities requirements, or the alternative standards of the Nasdaq listing rule which requires the Company to have minimum stockholders equity of $2.5 million, or for it to have had net income from continuing operations of at least $500 thousand in the latest fiscal year or in two of the three last fiscal years. These notices do not impact the Company’s listing on the Nasdaq Capital market at this time. Both notification letters state that the Company has 180 calendar days, or until July 29, 2019 to regain compliance. There is the possibility for an additional 180-day compliance period for the bid price compliance violation. However, no additional compliance period is applicable to the market value noncompliance.

The Company intends to monitor the closing bid price of its common stock and may, if appropriate, consider implementing available options, including, but not limited to, implementing a reverse stock split of its outstanding securities, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement under the Nasdaq Listing Rules. The Company will also consider available options to resolve the other listing deficiencies and regain compliance with all applicable Nasdaq rules.

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INVENTORIES

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

INVENTORIES

NOTE C — INVENTORIES

Inventories consist of the following:

	December 31, 2018		September 30,  2018
	(unaudited)
Raw materials	$	172,768	$	147,984
Finished goods		52,521		73,385
Total	$	225,289	$	221,369

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ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED LIABILITIES

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED LIABILITIES

NOTE D — ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED LIABILITIES

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities are as follows:

	December 31, 2018		September 30,  2018
	(unaudited)
Accounts payable	$	944,096	$	500,849
Accrued salaries payable		266,494		401,130
Other accrued expenses		147,122		63,188
Total	$	1,357,712	$	965,167

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SECURED CONVERTIBLE NOTES PAYABLE

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Short-term Debt [Abstract]

SECURED CONVERTIBLE NOTES PAYABLE

NOTE E — SECURED CONVERTIBLE NOTES PAYABLE

On August 31, 2018, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with accredited investors and certain members of its management team and Board of Directors (the “Purchasers”), pursuant to which the Company issued and sold an aggregate of $1,650,000 in principal amount of secured convertible notes (the “August 31^st Notes”) bearing interest at a rate of 6% per annum. As part of the August 31^st Notes, the Company’s management and Board of Directors purchased August 31^st Notes with a principal amount of $1,185,000.  

The August 31^st Notes are convertible, in whole or in part, at any time, at the option of the Purchasers, into shares of the Company’s common stock, in an amount determined by dividing the principal amount of each August 31^st Note, together with any and all accrued and unpaid interest, by the conversion price of $2.50. The Company has the right to require the Purchasers to convert all or any part of their August 31^st Notes into shares of its Common Stock at a conversion price of $2.50 if the price of the Common Stock remains at a closing price of $3.50 or more for a period of twenty consecutive trading days.

Upon any Change in Control (as defined in the August 31^st Notes), the Purchasers have the right to require the Company to redeem the August 31^st Notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to such August 31^st Notes’ outstanding principal balance plus accrued interest.

The August 31^st Notes contain certain events of default that are customarily included in financing of this nature. If an event of default occurs, the Purchasers may require the Company to redeem the August 31^st Notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to such notes’ outstanding principal balance plus accrued interest.

The August 31^st Notes bear interest at the rate of 6% per annum, payable semi-annually in cash or in kind, at the Company’s option, and are due and payable in full on August 30, 2021. Until the principal and accrued but unpaid interest under the August 31^st Notes is paid in full, or converted into shares of common stock pursuant to their terms, the Company’s obligations under the August 31^st Notes will be secured by a lien on substantially all assets of the Company (excluding certain cash accounts) and the assets of APDN (B.V.I.) Inc.

The Company has also entered into a registration rights agreement, dated as of the date of the Purchase Agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), with the Purchasers, pursuant to which it has agreed to prepare and file a registration statement with the SEC to register under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) resales from time to time of the common stock issued or issuable upon conversion or redemption of the August 31^st Notes. The Company is required to file a registration statement within 60 days of receiving a demand registration request from holders of a majority of the outstanding principal balance of the August 31^st Notes, and to cause the registration statement to be declared effective within 45 days (or 90 days if the registration statement is reviewed by the SEC).

On November 29, 2018, the Company closed a securities purchase agreement with its chairman, president and chief executive officer and one member of the management team, pursuant to which the Company issued and sold an aggregate of $550,000 in principal amount of secured convertible notes bearing interest at a rate of 6% per annum (the “November 29^th Notes”). The November 29^th Notes are substantially similar to the Company’s August 31^st Notes except with respect to maturity date, which is November 28, 2021 The November 29^th Notes are secured on a pari passu basis with the same Company assets as the August 31^st Notes.

The Company recorded $64,848 to debt issuance costs based on the cost incurred to complete the financing. During the three month period ended December 31, 2018, the Company amortized $4,492 of debt issuance costs resulting in unamortized debt issuance costs of $58,876 and the secured notes payable of $2,141,122 at December 31, 2018. The debt issuance cost will be amortized over the life of the Notes. During the three month period ended December 31, 2018, the Company incurred approximately $27,120 of interest expense. The effective interest for the three month period ended December 31, 2018 was 7.0%.

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CAPITAL STOCK

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

CAPITAL STOCK

NOTE F — CAPITAL STOCK

On December 21, 2018, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement (the “Agreement”) with Maxim Group LLC (“Maxim”), as the sole underwriter and book running manager, with respect to the issuance and sale of an aggregate of 5,500,000 shares (the “Shares”) of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, together with warrants to purchase an aggregate of 5,500,000 shares of common stock (the “Warrants”) at an exercise price equal to $0.50 per share of common stock (the “Exercise Price”) in an underwritten public offering. The public offering price for each Share together with the accompanying Warrant was $0.50. Pursuant to the Agreement, the Company also granted Maxim a 45-day option to purchase an additional 825,000 Shares and/or additional Warrants to purchase 825,000 Shares to cover any over-allotments made by the underwriters in the sale and distribution of the Shares and Warrants. The gross proceeds of the offering, before deducting underwriter discounts and commissions and other offering expenses, are $2.75 million, or approximately $3.16 million if the underwriters exercise in full their overallotment option. On December 26, 2018, Maxim partially exercised its overallotment option and purchased an additional 800,000 Warrants at a price of $0.0000001 per Warrant.

After deducting underwriting fees and other expenses related to the offering, the aggregate net proceeds were approximately $2,262,000.

The Warrants are immediately exercisable beginning on the date of issuance (the “Initial Exercise Date”). The Warrants will be exercisable for five years from the Initial Exercise Date, but not thereafter.

The Warrants include an adjustment provision that, subject to certain exceptions, reduces their exercise price if the Company issues common stock or common stock equivalents at a price lower than the then-current exercise price of the Warrants, subject to a minimum exercise price of $0.14 per share. The exercise price and number of the shares of the Company’s common stock issuable upon the exercise of the Warrants will be subject to adjustment in the event of any stock dividends and splits, reverse stock split, recapitalization, reorganization or similar transaction, as described therein. In addition, on or after any trading day 75 days after the closing date of the offering, if the daily volume weighted average price of the Company’s common stock fails to exceed the Exercise Price, the aggregate number of warrant shares issuable in a cashless exercise shall equal the product of (i) the aggregate number of warrant shares that would be issuable upon exercise of the Warrants if such exercise were by means of a cash exercise and (ii) 0.70.

The offering closed on December 26, 2018.

As a result of this financing, the exercise price of the 2,735,000 warrants issued during December 2017 was reduced to an exercise price of $0.44 per share in accordance with the adjustment provision contained in the warrant agreement. The incremental change in fair value of these warrants as a result of the triggering event was insignificant.

On January 25, 2019, the Company closed on the underwriters’ partial exercise of its over-allotment option for 500,000 shares of common stock for gross proceeds of $250,000.

The total number of common stock and warrants issued under this offering, including the exercise of the over-allotment option was 6,000,000 and 6,300,000, respectively. The gross proceeds to us were $3.0 million and net proceeds after deducting underwriting expenses and other estimated offering expenses was approximately $2.5 million.

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STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs, Share-Based Payments [Abstract]

STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS

NOTE G — STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS

Warrants

The following table summarizes the changes in warrants outstanding. These warrants were granted in lieu of cash compensation for services performed or financing expenses in connection with the sales of the Company’s common stock.

Transactions involving warrants (see Note F) are summarized as follows:

	Number of  Shares			Weighted  Average  Exercise  Price Per  Share
Balance at October 1, 2018		12,208,527		$	3.24
Granted		9,035,000			0.48
Exercised		-			-
Cancelled or expired		(2,735,000	)		2.00
Balance at December 31, 2018		18,508,527		$	2.08

Stock Options

In 2005, the Board of Directors and the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of common stock approved the 2005 Incentive Stock Plan (the “Incentive Plan”). The number of shares of common stock that can be issued as stock awards and stock options thereunder is an aggregate of 8,333,333 shares and the number of shares of common stock that can be covered by awards made to any participant in any calendar year is 833,334 shares. The Incentive Plan’s expiration date is January 25, 2025.

The Incentive Plan is designed to retain directors, executives, and selected employees and consultants by rewarding them for making contributions to the Company's success with an award of options to purchase shares of common stock. As of December 31, 2018, a total of 275,752 shares have been issued and options to purchase 6,698,115 shares have been granted under the Incentive Plan.

Transactions involving stock options issued to employees and consultants are summarized as follows:

	Number of  Shares			Weighted  Average  Exercise  Price Per  Share			Aggregate  Intrinsic  Value		Weighted Average Contractual Life (Years)
Outstanding at October 1, 2018		6,183,214		$	3.13
Granted		1,246,673			5.53
Exercised		-			-
Cancelled or expired		(1,252,673	)		(5.54	)
Outstanding at December 31, 2018		6,177,214		$	3.13					6.15
Vested at December 31, 2018		5,511,025		$	3.29		$	-		7.05
Non-vested at December 31, 2018		666,189		$	1.76		$	-

The Company uses the Black Scholes Option Pricing Model to determine the fair value of options granted. The following significant weighted average assumptions in the Black Scholes Option Pricing Model were utilized to estimate the fair value of share based payment awards during the three month periods ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:

	Three Month Period Ended December 31, 2018			Three Month Period Ended December 31, 2017
Stock price	$	1.32		$	2.21
Exercise price	$	5.53		$	1.64
Expected term, years		2.43			8.89
Dividend yield		-	%		-	%
Volatility		72	%		125	%
Risk free rate		2.84	%		2.36	%

The Company recorded $490,244 and $231,113 as stock compensation expense for the three-month periods ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As of December 31, 2018, unrecorded compensation cost related to non-vested awards was $347,592, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 0.32 years. The weighted average grant date fair value per share for options granted during the three month period ended December 31, 2018 was $0.15.

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COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

NOTE H — COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Operating Leases

The Company leases office space under an operating lease in Stony Brook, New York for its corporate headquarters. The lease is for a 30,000 square foot building. The term of the lease commenced on June 15, 2013 and expired on May 31, 2016, with the option to extend the lease for two additional three-year periods. The Company has exercised its option to extend the lease for one additional three-year period ending May 31, 2019. The base rent during the additional three-year period is $458,098 per annum. In addition to the office space, the Company also has 1,500 square feet of laboratory space. The term of the lease commenced on November 1, 2015 and expired on October 31, 2018. Effective November 20, 2017, the Company renewed this lease for one additional year, ending October 31, 2018. This lease is currently month to month. The Company set up a satellite testing facility in Ahmedabad, India during fiscal 2018. On November 17, 2017, it leased 1,108 square feet for a three-year term beginning November 1, 2017. The base rent is approximately $6,500 per annum.

Total rent expense for the three month periods ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 were $129,193 and $133,216, respectively.

Employment Agreement

The Company has an employment agreement with Dr. James Hayward, its Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) effective July 1, 2016. The initial term was through June 30, 2017, with automatic one-year renewal periods. As of June 30, 2018, the employment contract renewed for an additional year. Under the agreement, the CEO will be eligible for a special cash incentive bonus of up to $800,000, $300,000 of which will be payable if and when annual revenue reaches $8 million and $100,000 of which would be payable for each $2 million of annual revenue in excess of $8 million.  The CEO’s annual salary under the agreement was $400,000. 

Effective May 7, 2016, the CEO’s annual salary was voluntarily reduced by $100,000. Effective May 20, 2017, the CEO’s annual salary was voluntarily reduced by an additional $50,000. Accordingly, his current annual base salary as of December 31, 2018 is $250,000.

Effective March 15, 2018, the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors, approved a bonus of $121,125 that would be payable to the CEO when the Company reaches $3,000,000 in revenues for two consecutive quarters or $12,000,000 in revenues for a fiscal year, provided that the CEO is still employed by the Company on such date (the “Revenue Bonus”). Effective May 2, 2018, the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors, increased the amount of the Revenue Bonus to $403,623. The accrual for the Revenue Bonus of $397,812 is recorded to long term accrued liabilities on the balance sheet as of December 31, 2018.

Effective December 27, 2018, the compensation committee approved a bonus opportunity of $150,000 for the calendar year-ended December 31, 2019 that would be payable to the CEO under the same terms as described above.

Litigation

From time to time, the Company may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings which arise in the ordinary course of business. When the Company is aware of a claim or potential claim, it assesses the likelihood of any loss or exposure. If it is probable that a loss will result and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated, the Company will record a liability for the loss. In addition to the estimated loss, the recorded liability includes probable and estimable legal costs associated with the claim or potential claim. Litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that may harm the Company’s business. There is no pending litigation involving the Company at this time.

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GEOGRAPHIC AREA INFORMATION

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

GEOGRAPHIC AREA INFORMATION

NOTE I – GEOGRAPHIC AREA INFORMATION

Net revenues by geographic location of customers are as follows: 

Three Month Period Ended December 31,
	2018		2017
United States	$	567,215	$	292,730
Europe		150,669		191,827
Asia and other		166,438		163,120
Total	$	884,322	$	647,677

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SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Business and Basis of Presentation

Business and Basis of Presentation

The Company is principally devoted to developing and marketing DNA technology solutions in the United States, Europe and Asia. These solutions are used in, among other things, supply chain security, brand protection and drug and biologic applications. To date, the Company has produced limited recurring revenues from its products and services and has incurred expenses and has sustained losses. Consequently, its operations are subject to all the risks inherent in the establishment and development of a biotechnology company.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, APDN (B.V.I.) Inc., Applied DNA Sciences Europe Limited, Applied DNA Sciences India Private Limited, and LineaRx, Inc. (“LRx”). Significant inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. 

Inventories

Inventories

Inventories, which consist primarily of raw materials, and finished goods, are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined by using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

In May 2014, the FASB issued accounting standard updates which clarified principles for recognizing revenue arising from contracts with customers (ASC 606) and superseded most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The core principle of the revenue standard is that an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to clients in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The new guidance applies a five-step model for revenue measurement and recognition and also requires increased disclosures including the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows related to contracts with clients.

The Company adopted the new revenue recognition standard at the beginning of the first quarter of fiscal 2019, using the modified retrospective method of adoption and applied the guidance to those contracts that were not completed as of September 30, 2018. Comparative financial information for reporting periods beginning prior to October 1, 2018, has not been restated and continues to be reported under the previous reporting guidance. Under the modified retrospective method of adoption, the cumulative effect of applying the new standard is recorded at the date of initial application, with no restatement of the comparative prior periods presented. Based on the evaluation, the Company has identified certain customer contracts, which will require different recognition under the new guidance. The Company has determined that the revenue under certain of its research and development contracts should be recognized on an overtime cost-to-cost basis as compared to straightline over the contract term. Also, the shipment to the Company’s cotton customer during fiscal 2018 that included extended payment terms and was included in deferred revenue as of September 30, 2018, would have met the criteria under the new guidance to be recognized as revenue upon shipment. The Company has determined that the cumulative effect adjustment to opening retained earnings in fiscal 2019 was approximately $494,000.

The Company measures revenue at the amounts that reflect the consideration to which it is expected to be entitled in exchange for transferring control of goods and services to customers. The Company recognizes revenue either at the point in time or over the period of time that performance obligations to customers are satisfied. The Company’s contracts with customers may include multiple performance obligations (e.g. taggants, maintenance, authentication services, research and development services, etc.). For such arrangements, the Company allocates revenues to each performance obligation based on their relative standalone selling price.

Under the new accounting guidance, the Company recognizes revenue upon transfer of control of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive for those goods or services, including any variable consideration.

Due to the short-term nature of the Company’s contracts with customers, it has elected to apply the practical expedients under Topic 606 to: (1) expense as incurred, incremental costs of obtaining a contract and (2) not adjust the consideration for the effects of a significant financing component for contracts with an original expected duration of one year or less.   

Impact of Adoption

A summary and discussion of such cumulative effect adjustment and the impact on current period financial statements of adopting Topic 606 is as follows: 

	Three months ended December 31, 2018 (unaudited)
	prior U.S. GAAP			Topic 606 impact			as reported
Statement of Operations
Revenues
Product	$	704,972		$	(383,097	)	$	321,875
Service	$	570,075			(7,628	)		562,447
Total revenues		1,275,047			(390,725	)		884,322
Cost of revenues		156,818			(3,333	)		153,485
Loss from operations		(2,808,768	)		(387,391	)		(3,196,159	)
Assets
Prepaids and other current assets	$	625,490		$	(3,333	)	$	622,157
Liabilities and stockholder's equity
Deferred Revenue	$	1,484,963		$	(109,467	)	$	1,375,496
Accumulated Deficit		(251,001,046	)		(106,134	)		(251,107,180	)

Product Revenues and Authentication Services

The Company’s PCR-produced linear DNA products, including molecular taggants are manufactured in accordance with contracts with customers. The Company recognizes revenue upon satisfying its promises to transfer goods or services to customers under the terms of its contracts. These performance obligations are satisfied at the point in time the Company transfers control of the goods to the customer, which in nearly all cases is when title to and risk of loss of the goods transfer to the customer. The timing of transfer of title and risk of loss is dictated by customary or explicitly stated contract terms. The Company does not consider payment terms a performance obligation for customers with contractual terms that are one year or less and has elected the practical expedient. Nearly all of the Company’s sales contracts reflect market pricing at the time the contract is executed, are one year or less, and generally provide for shipment within 30 to 60 days after the price has been agreed upon with the customer. We invoice customers upon shipment, and our collection terms range, on average from 30 to 60 days.

The cotton ginning season in the United States takes place between September and March each year; therefore, revenues from these customer contracts may be seasonal and recognized primarily during the first and fourth quarters of the Company’s fiscal year.

Authentication Services

The Company recognizes revenue for authentication services upon satisfying its promises to services to customers under the terms of its contracts. These performance obligations are satisfied at the point in time the Company services are complete, which in nearly all cases is when the authentication report is released to the customer.

Research and Development Services

The Company records revenue for its research and development contracts using the over-time revenue recognition model as a customer is invoiced or performance is satisfied. Revenue is primarily measured using the cost-to-cost method, which the Company believes best depicts the transfer of control to the customer.  Under the cost-to-cost method, the extent of progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of actual costs incurred to the total estimated costs expected upon satisfying the identified performance obligation. Revenues are recorded proportionally as costs are incurred. For contracts where the total costs cannot be estimated, revenues are recognized for the actual costs incurred during a period until the remaining costs to complete a contract can be estimated. The Company has elected to not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an original expected duration of one year or less.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table presents revenues disaggregated by our business operations and timing of revenue recognition:

	Three Month Period Ended:
	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Research and development services (over-time)	$	473,178	$	221,863
Product and authentication services (point-in-time):
Supply chain		250,098		69,852
Asset marking		161,046		248,024
Large scale DNA production		-		107,938
Total	$	884,322	$	647,677

Contract balances

As of December 31, 2018, the Company has entered into contracts with customers for which revenue has not yet been recognized. Consideration received from a customer prior to revenue recognition is recorded to a contract liability and is recognized as revenue when the Company satisfies the related performance obligations under the terms of the contract. The Company’s contract liabilities, which are reported as deferred revenue on the condensed consolidated balance sheet, consist almost entirely of research and development contracts where consideration has been received and the development services have not yet been fully performed.

The opening and closing balances of the Company’s contract balances are as follows:

	Balance sheet classification	October 1, 2018		December 31, 2018		$ change
Contract liabilities	Deferred revenue	$	1,356,502	$	1,375,496	$	18,994

For the three months ended December 31, 2018, the Company recognized $329,535 of revenue that was included in Contract liabilities as of October 1, 2018.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect certain reported amounts and disclosures. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The most complex and subjective estimates include revenue recognition, recoverability of long-lived assets, including the values assigned to goodwill, intangible assets and property and equipment, fair value calculations for stock based compensation, allowance for doubtful accounts and management’s anticipated liquidity. Management reviews its estimates on a regular basis and the effects of any material revisions are reflected in the condensed consolidated financial statements in the period they are deemed necessary. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates. 

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The Company recognizes deferred tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The Company estimates the degree to which tax assets and credit carry forwards will result in a benefit based on expected profitability by tax jurisdiction.

In its interim financial statements, the Company follows the guidance in ASC 270, “Interim Reporting” and ASC 740 “Income Taxes”, whereby the Company utilizes the expected annual effective tax rate in determining its income tax provisions for the interim periods. That rate differs from U.S. statutory rates primarily as a result of valuation allowance related to the Company’s net operating loss carryforward as a result of the historical losses of the Company.

Net Loss Per Share

Net Loss Per Share

The Company presents loss per share utilizing a dual presentation of basic and diluted loss per share. Basic loss per share includes no dilution and has been calculated based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive common stock equivalents consist of shares issuable upon the exercise of the Company’s stock options and warrants.

For the three month periods ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, common stock equivalent shares are excluded from the computation of the diluted loss per share as their effect would be anti-dilutive.

Securities that could potentially dilute basic net income per share in the future were not included in the computation of diluted net loss per share because to do so would have been anti-dilutive for the three month periods ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows: 

	2018		2017
Warrants		18,508,527		12,275,455
Stock options		6,177,214		5,304,411
		24,685,741		17,579,866

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation for employees and directors in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation (“ASC 718”). ASC 718 requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the statement of operations based on their fair values. Under the provisions of ASC 718, stock-based compensation costs are measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and are recognized as expense over the employee’s requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the equity grant). The fair value of the Company’s common stock options are estimated using the Black Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: expected volatility, dividend rate, risk free interest rate and the expected life. The Company expenses stock-based compensation by using the straight-line method. In accordance with ASC 718 and, excess tax benefits realized from the exercise of stock-based awards are classified as cash flows from operating activities. All excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies (including tax benefits of dividends on share-based payment awards) are recognized as income tax expense or benefit in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation awards issued to non-employees for services, as prescribed by ASC 718-10, at either the fair value of the services rendered or the instruments issued in exchange for such services, whichever is more readily determinable, using the measurement date guidelines enumerated in ASU 2018-07.

Concentrations

Concentrations

Financial instruments and related items, which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk, consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents and trade receivables. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents with high credit quality institutions. At times, such investments may be in excess of the FDIC insurance limit.

The Company’s revenues earned from sale of products and services for the three month period ended December 31, 2018 included an aggregate of 27%, 23%, 14% and 12% from four customers. These customers accounted for approximately 76% of the Company’s total accounts receivable at December 31, 2018. At December 31, 2018, one customer accounted for an aggregate of 67% of the Company’s total accounts receivable.

The Company’s revenues earned from sale of products and services for the three month period ended December 31, 2017 included an aggregate of 37%, 22% and 17% from three customers. One customer accounted for 88% of the Company’s total accounts receivable at December 31, 2017.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2018-18, “Collaborative Arrangements (Topic 808): Clarifying the Interaction between Topic 808 and Topic 606” (“ASU 2018-18”). The amendments in this update clarify that certain transactions between collaborative arrangement participants should be accounted for as revenue under Topic 606. ASU 2018-18 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact of ASU 2018-18 on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation – “Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-based Payment Accounting”, which addresses aspects of the accounting for nonemployee share-based payment transactions. This pronouncement is effective for annual reporting periods and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company early adopted ASU 2018-07 on October 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective transition approach. The cumulative effect adjustment to opening retained earnings was not material.

In July 2017, the FASB issued a two-part ASU No. 2017-11, I. Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments With Down Round Features and II. Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests With a Scope Exception (“ASU 2017-11”). ASU 2017-11 amends guidance in FASB ASC 260, Earnings Per Share, FASB ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, and FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The amendments in Part I of ASU 2017-11 change the classification analysis of certain equity-linked financial instruments (or embedded features) with down round features. The amendments in Part II of ASU 2017-11 re-characterize the indefinite deferral of certain provisions of Topic 480 that now are presented as pending content in the Codification, to a scope exception. Those amendments do not have an accounting effect. ASU 2017-11 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance.

In May 2017, FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation – “Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting”, which provides guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting in Topic 718. This pronouncement is effective for annual reporting periods and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2017-09 during the three months ended December 31, 2018 and it did not have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment” (“ASU 2017-04”). The purpose of the amendment is to simplify how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. For public entities, the amendments in ASU 2017-04 are effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently assessing the impact of ASU 2017-04 on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842).” The objective of this update is to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those annual periods and is to be applied utilizing a modified retrospective approach. The Company is currently evaluating the new guidance to determine the impact it may have on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of cumulative effect adjustment and the impact on current period financial statements of adopting Topic 606

	Three months ended December 31, 2018 (unaudited)
	prior U.S. GAAP			Topic 606 impact			as reported
Statement of Operations
Revenues
Product	$	704,972		$	(383,097	)	$	321,875
Service	$	570,075			(7,628	)		562,447
Total revenues		1,275,047			(390,725	)		884,322
Cost of revenues		156,818			(3,333	)		153,485
Loss from operations		(2,808,768	)		(387,391	)		(3,196,159	)
Assets
Prepaids and other current assets	$	625,490		$	(3,333	)	$	622,157
Liabilities and stockholder's equity
Deferred Revenue	$	1,484,963		$	(109,467	)	$	1,375,496
Accumulated Deficit		(251,001,046	)		(106,134	)		(251,107,180	)

Schedule of operations and timing of revenue recognition

	Three Month Period Ended:
	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Research and development services (over-time)	$	473,178	$	221,863
Product and authentication services (point-in-time):
Supply chain		250,098		69,852
Asset marking		161,046		248,024
Large scale DNA production		-		107,938
Total	$	884,322	$	647,677

Schedule of opening and closing contract balances

	Balance sheet classification	October 1, 2018		December 31, 2018		$ change
Contract liabilities	Deferred revenue	$	1,356,502	$	1,375,496	$	18,994

Schedule of anti-dilutive securities not included computation of net loss per share

	2018		2017
Warrants		18,508,527		12,275,455
Stock options		6,177,214		5,304,411
		24,685,741		17,579,866

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INVENTORIES (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of inventories

	December 31, 2018		September 30,  2018
	(unaudited)
Raw materials	$	172,768	$	147,984
Finished goods		52,521		73,385
Total	$	225,289	$	221,369

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ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED LIABILITIES (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Schedule of accounts payable and accrued liabilities

	December 31, 2018		September 30,  2018
	(unaudited)
Accounts payable	$	944,096	$	500,849
Accrued salaries payable		266,494		401,130
Other accrued expenses		147,122		63,188
Total	$	1,357,712	$	965,167

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STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs, Share-Based Payments [Abstract]

Schedule of transactions involving warrants

	Number of  Shares			Weighted  Average  Exercise  Price Per  Share
Balance at October 1, 2018		12,208,527		$	3.24
Granted		9,035,000			0.48
Exercised		-			-
Cancelled or expired		(2,735,000	)		2.00
Balance at December 31, 2018		18,508,527		$	2.08

Schedule of summary of transactions involving stock options issued to employees

	Number of  Shares			Weighted  Average  Exercise  Price Per  Share			Aggregate  Intrinsic  Value		Weighted Average Contractual Life (Years)
Outstanding at October 1, 2018		6,183,214		$	3.13
Granted		1,246,673			5.53
Exercised		-			-
Cancelled or expired		(1,252,673	)		(5.54	)
Outstanding at December 31, 2018		6,177,214		$	3.13					6.15
Vested at December 31, 2018		5,511,025		$	3.29		$	-		7.05
Non-vested at December 31, 2018		666,189		$	1.76		$	-

Schedule of fair value of options granted

	Three Month Period Ended December 31, 2018			Three Month Period Ended December 31, 2017
Stock price	$	1.32		$	2.21
Exercise price	$	5.53		$	1.64
Expected term, years		2.43			8.89
Dividend yield		-%			-%
Volatility		72	%		125	%
Risk free rate		2.84	%		2.36	%

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GEOGRAPHIC AREA INFORMATION (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of net sales by geographic location of customers

Three Month Period Ended December 31,
	2018		2017
United States	$	567,215	$	292,730
Europe		150,669		191,827
Asia and other		166,438		163,120
Total	$	884,322	$	647,677

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SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018
Revenues
Total revenues	$ 884,322
Cost of revenues	153,485
Loss from operations	(3,196,159)	$ (3,174,632)
Assets
Prepaids and other current assets	622,157		$ 635,174
Liabilities and stockholder's equity
Deferred Revenue	1,375,496		1,856,693
Accumulated Deficit	(251,107,180)		$ (248,366,083)
Product
Revenues
Total revenues	321,875
Service
Revenues
Total revenues	562,447
Prior U.S. GAAP
Revenues
Total revenues	1,275,047
Cost of revenues	156,818
Loss from operations	(2,808,768)
Assets
Prepaids and other current assets	625,490
Liabilities and stockholder's equity
Deferred Revenue	1,484,963
Accumulated Deficit	(251,001,046)
Prior U.S. GAAP | Product
Revenues
Total revenues	704,972
Prior U.S. GAAP | Service
Revenues
Total revenues	570,075.00
Topic 606 impact
Revenues
Total revenues	(390,725)
Cost of revenues	(3,333)
Loss from operations	(387,391)
Assets
Prepaids and other current assets	(3,333)
Liabilities and stockholder's equity
Deferred Revenue	(109,467)
Accumulated Deficit	(106,134)
Topic 606 impact | Product
Revenues
Total revenues	(383,097)
Topic 606 impact | Service
Revenues
Total revenues	$ (7,628)

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SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Details 1) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total	$ 884,322	$ 647,677
Research and development services (over-time)
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total	473,178	221,863
Supply chain
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total	250,098	69,852
Asset marking
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total	161,046	248,024
Large scale DNA production
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total	$ 0	$ 107,938

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SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Details 2) - Contract liabilities - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018
Schedule Of Contract Balances [Line Items]
Deferred Revenue	$ 1,375,496	$ 1,356,502
Change in contract liabilities	$ 18,994

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SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Summary of potential stock issuances under various options, and warrants (Details 3) - shares	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share	24,685,741	17,579,866
Warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share	18,508,527	12,275,455
Stock options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share	6,177,214	5,304,411

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SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Detail Textuals)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) Customer	Dec. 31, 2017 Customer
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Cumulative adjustment to opening retained earnings in fiscal 2019 | $	$ 494,000
Revenue recognized in contract liabilities | $	$ 329,535
Customer Concentration Risk | Total Revenue
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Number of customers | Customer	4	3
Customer Concentration Risk | Total Revenue | One customer
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	27.00%	37.00%
Customer Concentration Risk | Total Revenue | Two customer
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	23.00%	22.00%
Customer Concentration Risk | Total Revenue | Three customer
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	14.00%	17.00%
Customer Concentration Risk | Total Revenue | Four customer
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	12.00%
Customer Concentration Risk | Accounts Receivable
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	76.00%
Customer Concentration Risk | Accounts Receivable | One customer
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	67.00%	88.00%
Number of customers | Customer	1	1

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GOING CONCERN AND MANAGEMENT'S PLAN (Detail Textuals) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	Jan. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Going Concern And Management Plan [Line Items]
Accumulated deficit		$ 251,107,180		$ 248,366,083
Net Loss		(3,234,320)	$ (3,183,712)
Negative operating cash flow		1,513,668	2,572,772
Working capital		1,866,846
Cash and cash equivalents		$ 3,137,844	$ 4,764,553	$ 1,659,564	$ 2,959,781
Notification letter from listing qualifications department of Nasdaq | Subsequent Event
Going Concern And Management Plan [Line Items]
Minimum stockholders' equity	$ 2,500,000
Required net income from continuing operations under commodity exchange act	$ 500,000

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INVENTORIES (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Raw materials	$ 172,768	$ 147,984
Finished goods	52,521	73,385
Total	$ 225,289	$ 221,369

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ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED LIABILITIES - Summary of accounts payable and accrued liabilities (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Accounts payable	$ 944,096	$ 500,849
Accrued salaries payable	266,494	401,130
Other accrued expenses	147,122	63,188
Total	$ 1,357,712	$ 965,167

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SECURED CONVERTIBLE NOTES PAYABLE (Detail Textuals)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) Days $ / shares	Nov. 29, 2018 USD ($)	Aug. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt issuance costs based on financing	$ 64,848
Amortization of debt issuance costs	4,492
Unamortization of debt issuance costs	58,876
Secured notes payable	2,141,122
Interest expense	$ 27,120
Effective interest rate	7.00%
Common Stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Common stock conversion price | $ / shares	$ 2.50
Common stock consecutive trading days | Days	20
Common stock closing price trading days | $ / shares	$ 3.50
Securities Purchase Agreement | Accredited investors Management team and Board of Directors
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount			$ 1,650,000
Interest rate			6.00%
Securities Purchase Agreement | Management and Board of Directors
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount			$ 1,185,000
Securities Purchase Agreement | Chairman, president and chief executive officer and one member of the management team | Convertible notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount		$ 550,000
Interest rate		6.00%

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CAPITAL STOCK (Detail Textuals) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended
	Jan. 25, 2019	Dec. 21, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement By Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)			$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)		$ 0.44
Number of warrants outstanding			18,508,527	12,208,527
Underwriting Agreement | Maxim Group LLC
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement By Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of common stock issued		5,500,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)		$ 0.001
Number of common stock called by warrants		5,500,000
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)		$ 0.50
Public offering price for each share together with warrant		$ 0.50
Additional number of common stock called by warrants		825,000
Gross proceeds of offering before underwriter discounts, commissions and other offering expenses		$ 27,500,000
Proceeds of offering if underwriters exercise in full their overallotment option		$ 31,600,000
Number of warrants purchased		800,000
Purchase price per warrant (in dollars per warrant)		$ 0.0000001
Net proceeds after deducting placement agent fees and offering expenses		$ 2,262,000
Term of warrants		5 years
Minimum exercise price		$ 0.14
Determinant for number of shares issued on exercise of warrants		0.70
Number of warrants outstanding		2,735,000
Underwriting Agreement | Maxim Group LLC | Over-allotment option | Subsequent Event
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement By Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of aggregate common stock issued including exercise of over-allotment option	6,000,000
Gross amount of common stock and warrants issued including exercise of over-allotment option	$ 3,000,000
Net amount of common stock and warrants issued including exercise of over-allotment option	$ 2,500,000
Number of common shares issued under underwriters partial exercise of over-allotment option	500,000
Amount of common shares issued under underwriters partial exercise of over-allotment option	$ 250,000
Number of warrants issued including exercise of over-allotment option	6,300,000

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STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS - Transactions involving warrants (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 $ / shares shares
Number of Shares
Balance at October 1, 2018 | shares	12,208,527
Granted | shares	9,035,000
Exercised | shares	0
Cancelled or expired | shares	(2,735,000)
Balance at December 31, 2018 | shares	18,508,527
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share
Balance at October 1, 2018 | $ / shares	$ 3.24
Granted | $ / shares	0.48
Exercised | $ / shares	0.00
Cancelled or expired | $ / shares	2.00
Balance at December 31, 2018 | $ / shares	$ 2.08

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STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS - Transactions involving stock options issued to employees (Details 1) - Employee Stock Option - Incentive Stock Plan 2005	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Number of Shares
Outstanding at October 1, 2018 | shares	6,183,214
Granted | shares	1,246,673
Exercised | shares	0
Cancelled or expired | shares	(1,252,673)
Outstanding at December 31, 2018 | shares	6,177,214
Vested at December 31, 2018 | shares	5,511,025
Non-vested at December 31, 2018 | shares	666,189
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share
Outstanding at October 1, 2018 | $ / shares	$ 3.13
Granted | $ / shares	5.53
Exercised | $ / shares	0.00
Cancelled or expired | $ / shares	(5.54)
Outstanding at December 31, 2018 | $ / shares	3.13
Vested at December 31, 2018 | $ / shares	3.29
Non-vested at December 31, 2018 | $ / shares	$ 1.76
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Vested | $	$ 0
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Non-vested | $	$ 0
Weighted Average Contractual Life (years), Outstanding	6 years 1 month 24 days
Weighted Average Contractual Life (years), Vested	7 years 18 days

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STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS - Summary of value of options granted using Black Scholes Option Pricing Model with weighted average assumptions (Details 2) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs, Share-Based Payments [Abstract]
Stock price	$ 1.32	$ 2.21
Exercise price	$ 5.53	$ 1.64
Expected term, years	2 years 5 months 5 days	8 years 10 months 21 days
Dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%
Volatility	72.00%	125.00%
Risk free rate	2.84%	2.36%

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STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS - Employee Stock Options (Detail Textuals) - Employee Stock Option - Incentive Stock Plan 2005	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Issuance of common stock as stock awards and stock options	8,333,333
Issuance of additional common stock as stock awards and stock options	833,334
Cumulative number of shares issued	275,752
Options to purchase shares under the 2005 Incentive stock plan	6,698,115

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STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS - Employee Stock Options (Detail Textuals 1) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs, Share-Based Payments [Abstract]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 490,244	$ 231,113
Unrecorded compensation cost related to non-vested awards	$ 347,592
Weighted average period of non-vested awards options	3 months 26 days
Weighted average grant date fair value for options granted	$ 0.15	$ 0.15

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COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Detail Textuals)	1 Months Ended		3 Months Ended
	Nov. 17, 2017 USD ($) ft²	Jun. 15, 2013 USD ($) ft²	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Area of property under operating lease | ft²		30,000
Extended operating lease for additional period		3 years
Base rent during initial lease term per annum | $		$ 458,098
Area of laboratory space | ft²		1,500
Total lease rental expenses | $			$ 129,193	$ 133,216
Satellite testing facility
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Lease for satellite testing | ft²	1,108
Term lease	3 years
Base rent | $	$ 6,500

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COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Detail Textuals 1) - USD ($)			1 Months Ended		3 Months Ended
	May 02, 2018	Mar. 15, 2018	Dec. 27, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018	May 20, 2017	May 07, 2016
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Revenue bonus recorded to long term accrued liabilities					$ 397,812
Employment Agreement | CEO
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Annual base salary					$ 250,000
Decrease in amount of salary						$ 50,000	$ 100,000
Approved bonus		$ 121,125
Increase revenue bonus	$ 403,623
Threshold revenue for two consecutive quarters		3,000,000
Threshold revenue for fiscal year		$ 12,000,000
Bonus payable for year-ended December 31, 2019			$ 150,000
New Employment Agreement | CEO
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Agreement renewal period				1 year
Special cash incentive bonus				$ 800,000
Special cash incentive bonus payable on completing threshold annual revenue				300,000
Threshold annual revenue				8,000,000
Special cash incentive bonus payable on completing threshold annual revenue in excess of first threshold				100,000
Threshold annual revenue in excess of first threshold				2,000,000
Annual base salary				$ 400,000

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GEOGRAPHIC AREA INFORMATION (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total	$ 884,322	$ 647,677
United States
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total	567,215	292,730
Europe
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total	150,669	191,827
Asia and other
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total	$ 166,438	$ 163,120