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INCOME TAXES (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Components of income tax provision
Years ended December 31,
202020192018
Components of Income (Loss) Before Taxes($ in millions)
Domestic$(1,025.2)$(1.3)$288.0 
Foreign5.2 (35.6)149.3 
Income (loss) before taxes$(1,020.0)$(36.9)$437.3 
Components of Income Tax (Benefit) Provision
Current (benefit) provision:
Federal$(42.9)$9.3 $21.7 
State0.5 3.2 5.1 
Foreign12.5 7.6 48.0 
(29.9)20.1 74.8 
Deferred (benefit) provision:
Federal(36.0)(32.4)27.0 
State(13.2)(9.3)(0.8)
Foreign29.0 (4.0)8.4 
(20.2)(45.7)34.6 
Income tax (benefit) provision$(50.1)$(25.6)$109.4 
Effective tax rate reconciliation
The following table accounts for the difference between the actual tax provision and the amounts obtained by applying the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate to the income (loss) before taxes.
Years ended December 31,
Effective Tax Rate Reconciliation (Percent)202020192018
Statutory federal tax rate21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
State income taxes, net1.1 (5.4)2.0 
Foreign rate differential(0.2)19.4 1.8 
U.S. tax on foreign earnings(1.8)— 1.1 
Salt depletion1.0 29.0 (2.4)
Change in valuation allowance(3.5)(64.9)3.8 
Remeasurement of U.S. state deferred taxes(0.1)16.1 (0.6)
Change in tax contingencies0.2 35.4 (0.7)
U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act— — (0.8)
Share-based payments— 0.7 — 
Dividends paid to Contributing Employee Ownership Plan— 1.1 (0.1)
Return to provision0.3 15.0 (0.1)
U.S. federal tax credits0.2 6.4 (0.4)
Goodwill impairment charge(13.3)— — 
Other, net— (4.4)0.4 
Effective tax rate4.9 %69.4 %25.0 %
Components of deferred tax assets and liabilities
December 31,
Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities20202019
Deferred tax assets:($ in millions)
Pension and postretirement benefits$181.9 $190.6 
Environmental reserves36.3 34.5 
Asset retirement obligations16.4 13.2 
Accrued liabilities54.1 38.6 
Lease liabilities87.4 90.0 
Tax credits49.8 25.1 
Net operating losses141.0 70.0 
Capital loss carryforward0.9 0.9 
Interest deduction limitation7.0 41.8 
Other miscellaneous items— 20.2 
Total deferred tax assets574.8 524.9 
Valuation allowance(239.6)(182.1)
Net deferred tax assets335.2 342.8 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property, plant and equipment530.4 525.0 
Right-of-use lease assets86.2 88.8 
Intangible amortization40.0 54.6 
Inventory and prepaids17.4 20.6 
Partnerships80.9 67.3 
Taxes on unremitted earnings6.1 5.7 
Other miscellaneous items6.2 — 
Total deferred tax liabilities767.2 762.0 
Net deferred tax liability$(432.0)$(419.2)
Summary of Valuation Allowance
The activity of our deferred income tax valuation allowance was as follows:
December 31,
20202019
($ in millions)
Beginning balance$182.1 $147.4 
Increases to valuation allowances54.6 38.1 
Decreases to valuation allowances(2.2)(0.7)
Foreign currency translation adjustments5.1 (2.7)
Ending balance$239.6 $182.1 
Unrecognized tax benefits The amounts of unrecognized tax benefits were as follows:
December 31,
20202019
($ in millions)
Beginning balance$22.8 $33.8 
Increase for current year tax positions1.7 2.0 
Increase for prior year tax positions0.2 1.5 
Decrease for prior year tax positions(3.5)(14.3)
Decrease due to tax settlements— (0.2)
Foreign currency translation adjustments0.1 — 
Ending balance$21.3 $22.8 
Tax years subject to examination For our primary tax jurisdictions, the tax years that remain subject to examination are as follows:
Tax Years
U.S. federal income tax2016 - 2019
U.S. state income tax2012 - 2019
Canadian federal income tax2013 - 2019
Brazil2015 - 2019
Germany2015 - 2019
China2014 - 2019
The Netherlands2015 - 2019