GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

NOTE 11. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Changes in the carrying value of goodwill were as follows:


	Chlor Alkali Products and Vinyls		Epoxy		Total
	($ in millions)
Balance at January 1, 2019	$	1,832.6	$	287.0	$	2,119.6
Foreign currency translation adjustment	0.1		—		0.1
Balance at December 31, 2019	1,832.7		287.0		2,119.7
Goodwill impairment	(557.6)		(142.2)		(699.8)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	0.2		0.1		0.3
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	1,275.3	$	144.9	$	1,420.2

During the first quarter of 2020, our market capitalization declined significantly compared to the fourth quarter of 2019. Over the same period, the equity value of our peer group companies and the overall U.S. stock market also declined significantly amid market volatility. These declines were driven by the uncertainty surrounding the outbreak of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) global pandemic and other macroeconomic events impacting the various industries in which Olin and our peers participate. Additionally, the various governmental, business and consumer responses to the pandemic were expected to have a negative impact on the near-term demand for several of the products produced by our Chlor Alkali Products and Vinyls and Epoxy businesses. The full extent and duration of the impact of COVID-19 on our operations and financial performance was unknown at the time. As a result of these events, we identified triggering events associated with a significant overall decrease in our stock price, a significant adverse change in the business climate and a significant reduction in near-term cash flow projections and performed a quantitative goodwill impairment test during the first quarter of 2020. We used a discounted cash flow approach to develop the estimated fair value of our reporting units. Based on the aforementioned analysis, the estimated fair value of our reporting units exceeded the carrying value of the reporting units and no impairment charges were recorded.

Throughout the second and third quarters of 2020, the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated response has caused significant disruptions in the U.S. and global economies, resulting in the disruption of the supply and demand fundamentals of our Chemicals businesses. The various governmental, business and consumer responses to the pandemic continued to negatively impact the demand for several of the products produced by our Chlor Alkali Products and Vinyls and Epoxy businesses resulting in lower volumes and pricing during 2020 compared to 2019. Due to these factors, the triggering events identified in the first quarter associated with a significant adverse change in the business climate and a significant adverse reduction in near-term cash flow projections have persisted during 2020. Throughout the second and third quarters of 2020, the equity value of our peer group companies and the overall U.S. stock market improved significantly while Olin’s stock price remained low. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, we identified a triggering event associated with a sustained significant overall decrease in our stock price. As a result, we performed an updated quantitative goodwill impairment test during the third quarter of 2020. We used a discounted cash flow approach to develop the estimated fair value of our reporting units.

Fair value determinations require considerable judgment and are sensitive to changes in underlying assumptions, estimates and market factors. The discount rate, profitability assumptions and terminal growth rate of our reporting units and the supply and demand fundamentals of the chlor alkali industry were the material assumptions utilized in the discounted cash flow model used to estimate the fair value of each reporting unit. The discount rate reflects a weighted-average cost of capital, which is calculated, in part based on observable market data. Some of this data (such as the risk free or treasury rate and the pretax cost of debt) are based on the market data at a point in time. Other data (such as the equity risk premium) are based upon market data over time for a peer group of companies in the chemical manufacturing or distribution industries with a market capitalization premium added, as applicable. Also factoring into the discount rate was a market participant’s perceived risk (such as the company specific risk premium) in the valuation implied by the sustained reduction in our stock price.

The discounted cash flow analysis requires estimates, assumptions and judgments about future events. Our analysis uses our internally generated long-range plan. Specifically, the assumptions in our long-range plan about terminal growth rates, forecasted capital expenditures and changes in future working capital requirements are used to determine the implied fair value of each reporting unit. The long-range plan reflects management judgment, supplemented by independent chemical industry analyses which provide multi-year industry operating and pricing forecasts.

As a further indicator that each reporting unit has been valued appropriately using a discounted cash flow model, the aggregate fair value of all reporting units is reconciled to the total market value of Olin. Due to the sustained decline in our stock price, the decrease in the value of our reporting units reflects a market participant’s perceived risk in the valuation implied by the sustained reduction in our stock price. As a result of this assessment, the carrying values of our Chlor Alkali Products and Vinyls and Epoxy reporting units exceeded the fair values which resulted in pre-tax goodwill impairment charges of $557.6 million and $142.2 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2020. The goodwill impairment charge was calculated as the amount that the carrying value of the reporting unit, including any goodwill, exceeded its fair value and therefore the carrying value of our reporting units equal their fair value upon completion of the goodwill impairment test.

We believe the assumptions used in our goodwill impairment analysis are appropriate and result in reasonable estimates of the implied fair value of each reporting unit. However, given the economic environment and the uncertainties regarding the impact on our business, there can be no assurance that our estimates and assumptions, made for purposes of our goodwill impairment testing, will prove to be an accurate prediction of the future. If our assumptions regarding future performance are not achieved, or if our stock price experiences further sustained declines, we may be required to record additional goodwill impairment charges in future periods. It is not possible at this time to determine if any such future impairment charge would result or, if it does, whether such charge would be material. No impairment charges were recorded for 2019 or 2018.

Intangible assets consisted of the following:


		December 31,
		2020						2019
	Useful Lives	Gross Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net		Gross Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net
		($ in millions)
Customers, customer contracts and relationships	10-15 Years	$	681.0	$	(312.5)	$	368.5	$	673.5	$	(260.9)	$	412.6
Trade name	5 Years	—		—		—		7.0		(6.0)		1.0
Acquired technology	5-7 Years	95.0		(65.3)		29.7		85.1		(51.8)		33.3
Other	10 Years	1.8		(0.6)		1.2		1.8		(0.6)		1.2
Total intangible assets		$	777.8	$	(378.4)	$	399.4	$	767.4	$	(319.3)	$	448.1

Amortization expense relating to intangible assets was $62.9 million, $62.8 million and $62.8 million in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. We estimate that amortization expense will be approximately $63 million in 2021, approximately $55 million in 2022, approximately $37 million in both 2023 and 2024 and approximately $36 million in 2025.