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INCOME TAXES (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Components of income tax provision
 
Years ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Components of Income (Loss) Before Taxes
($ in millions)
Domestic
$
(1.3
)
 
$
288.0

 
$
53.3

Foreign
(35.6
)
 
149.3

 
63.9

Income (loss) before taxes
$
(36.9
)
 
$
437.3

 
$
117.2

Components of Income Tax (Benefit) Provision
 
 
 
 
 
Current expense (benefit):
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
$
9.3

 
$
21.7

 
$
(4.0
)
State
3.2

 
5.1

 
3.0

Foreign
7.6

 
48.0

 
24.1

 
20.1

 
74.8

 
23.1

Deferred (benefit) expense:
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
(32.4
)
 
27.0

 
(549.6
)
State
(9.3
)
 
(0.8
)
 
14.6

Foreign
(4.0
)
 
8.4

 
79.6


(45.7
)
 
34.6

 
(455.4
)
Income tax (benefit) provision
$
(25.6
)
 
$
109.4

 
$
(432.3
)

Effective tax rate reconciliation
The following table accounts for the difference between the actual tax provision and the amounts obtained by applying the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate to the income (loss) before taxes.
 
Years ended December 31,
Effective Tax Rate Reconciliation (Percent)
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Statutory federal tax rate
21.0
 %
 
21.0
 %
 
35.0
 %
State income taxes, net
(5.4
)
 
2.0

 
(1.2
)
Foreign rate differential
19.4

 
1.8

 
(7.7
)
U.S. tax on foreign earnings

 
1.1

 
(70.8
)
Salt depletion
29.0

 
(2.4
)
 
(16.1
)
Change in valuation allowance
(64.9
)
 
3.8

 
76.0

Remeasurement of U.S. state deferred taxes
16.1

 
(0.6
)
 
10.2

Change in tax contingencies
35.4

 
(0.7
)
 
(7.7
)
U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act

 
(0.8
)
 
(373.5
)
Share-based payments
0.7

 

 
(5.7
)
Dividends paid to Contributing Employee Ownership Plan
1.1

 
(0.1
)
 
(0.6
)
Return to provision
15.0

 
(0.1
)
 
(0.6
)
U.S. federal tax credits
6.4

 
(0.4
)
 
(4.2
)
Other, net
(4.4
)
 
0.4

 
(2.0
)
Effective tax rate
69.4
 %
 
25.0
 %
 
(368.9
)%

Components of deferred tax assets and liabilities
 
December 31,
Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
2019
 
2018
Deferred tax assets:
($ in millions)
Pension and postretirement benefits
$
190.6

 
$
156.8

Environmental reserves
34.5

 
31.9

Asset retirement obligations
13.2

 
15.5

Accrued liabilities
38.6

 
37.0

Right of use lease liabilities
90.0

 

Tax credits
25.1

 
19.5

Net operating losses
70.0

 
50.2

Capital loss carryforward
0.9

 
2.0

Interest deduction limitation
41.8

 
9.3

Other miscellaneous items
20.2

 
14.6

Total deferred tax assets
524.9

 
336.8

Valuation allowance
(182.1
)
 
(147.4
)
Net deferred tax assets
342.8

 
189.4

Deferred tax liabilities:
 
 
 
Property, plant and equipment
525.0

 
541.8

Right of use lease assets
88.8

 

Intangible amortization
54.6

 
61.6

Inventory and prepaids
20.6

 
8.3

Partnerships
67.3

 
65.2

Taxes on unremitted earnings
5.7

 
5.1

Total deferred tax liabilities
762.0

 
682.0

Net deferred tax liability
$
(419.2
)
 
$
(492.6
)

Summary of Valuation Allowance
The activity of our deferred income tax valuation allowance was as follows:
 
December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
($ in millions)
Beginning balance
$
147.4

 
$
121.4

Increases to valuation allowances
38.1

 
31.9

Decreases to valuation allowances
(0.7
)
 
(0.9
)
Foreign currency translation adjustments
(2.7
)
 
(5.0
)
Ending balance
$
182.1

 
$
147.4


Unrecognized tax benefits The amounts of unrecognized tax benefits were as follows:
 
December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
($ in millions)
Beginning balance
$
33.8

 
$
36.3

Increase for current year tax positions
2.0

 
2.1

Increase for prior year tax positions
1.5

 
0.3

Decrease for prior year tax positions
(14.3
)
 
(4.9
)
Decrease due to tax settlements
(0.2
)
 

Ending balance
$
22.8

 
$
33.8



Tax years subject to examination For our primary tax jurisdictions, the tax years that remain subject to examination are as follows:
 
Tax Years
U.S. federal income tax
2016 - 2018
U.S. state income tax
2006 - 2018
Canadian federal income tax
2012 - 2018
Brazil
2014 - 2018
Germany
2015 - 2018
China
2014 - 2018
The Netherlands
2014 - 2018